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    2. 

  2. <!DOCTYPE html
    3. 

  3.   PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
    4. 

  4. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Russian verbs of motion:</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"/><meta name="description" content="This programed textbook introduces Russian imperfective verbs of motion. The text explains the verbs and includes questions in the text with blanks for the student to fill in. The answers are found on the following pages. The book is devoted primarily to five major Russian verbs of motion (those of locomotion and conveyance) in their determinate and indeterminate forms, with one section on some other pairs of indeterminate-determinate verbs of motion. A final test, for which answers are available, completes the course. An appendix of verb definitions and a short bibliography are included. (CHK)This course was formatted by Eric Streit (eric@yojik.eu) using the docbook format from the pdf scanned documents found on:http://sites.google.com/site/soyouwanttolearnalanguage/languagee-books .The Russian part was checked by Gulnara Streit (my wife). You can find the pdf, epub versions on http://www.yojik.eu/ .Version: 4 July 2011"/></head><body><div xml:lang="en" class="book" title="Russian verbs of motion:"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="d0e2"/>Russian verbs of motion:</h1></div><div><h2 class="subtitle">An Introduction to determinate and Indeterminate verbs.</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="orgname">Hubert Setzler</span></h3></div></div><div><div class="abstract" title="Abstract"><p class="title"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This programed textbook introduces Russian imperfective verbs of motion. The text
    5. 

  5.         explains the verbs and includes questions in the text with blanks for the student to fill
    6. 

  6.         in. The answers are found on the following pages. The book is devoted primarily to five
    7. 

  7.         major Russian verbs of motion (those of locomotion and conveyance) in their determinate and
    8. 

  8.         indeterminate forms, with one section on some other pairs of indeterminate-determinate verbs
    9. 

  9.         of motion. A final test, for which answers are available, completes the course. An appendix
    10. 

  10.         of verb definitions and a short bibliography are included. (CHK)</p><div class="note" title="Note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><table border="0" summary="Note"><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="file:/home/eric/bin/OxygenXMLEditor12.2/frameworks/docbook/xsl/images/note.png"/></td><th align="left">Note</th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>This course was formatted by Eric Streit (eric@yojik.eu) using the docbook format
    11. 

  11.             from the pdf scanned documents found on:</p><p>http://sites.google.com/site/soyouwanttolearnalanguage/languagee-books .</p><p>The Russian part was checked by Gulnara Streit (my wife). You can find the pdf, epub
    12. 

  12.             versions on http://www.yojik.eu/ .</p><p>Version: 4 July 2011</p></td></tr></table></div></div></div></div><hr/></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="preface"><a href="#d0e30">Conjugation patterns of the verbs of locomotion and conveyance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#d0e860">1. Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#d0e1099">2. Verbs of motion</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#d0e1673">3. The determinate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#d0e2249">4. The indeterminate verbs of motion</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#d0e3181">5. Some other verbs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#d0e4008">6. Test</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#d0e4240">7. Answers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#d0e4681">8. Appendix</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-tables"><p><strong>List of Tables</strong></p><dl><dt>1. <a href="#d0e33">Indeterminate imperfective </a></dt><dt>2. <a href="#d0e444">Determinate imperfective</a></dt></dl></div><div class="preface" title="Conjugation patterns of the verbs of locomotion and conveyance"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="d0e30"/>Conjugation patterns of the verbs of locomotion and conveyance</h2></div></div></div><div class="table"><a id="d0e33"/><p class="title"><strong>Table 1. <a id="Card"/>Indeterminate imperfective </strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Indeterminate imperfective " width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="newCol2"/><col class="c2"/><col class="c3"/><col class="c4"/><col class="c5"/><col class="c6"/><col class="c7"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th colspan="2"> </th><th colspan="2" align="center">to ride</th><th align="center">to go on foot, to walk</th><th align="center">to carry</th><th align="center">to carry by vehicle</th><th align="center">to lead, to conduct</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="2">
    13. 

  13.               <p>Infinitive</p>
    14. 

  14.             </td><td colspan="2">
    15. 

  15.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">е́здить</em></span></p>
    16. 

  16.             </td><td>
    17. 

  17.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходи́ть</em></span></p>
    18. 

  18.             </td><td>
    19. 

  19.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">носи́ть</em></span></p>
    20. 

  20.             </td><td>
    21. 

  21.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вози́ть</em></span></p>
    22. 

  22.             </td><td>
    23. 

  23.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">води́ть</em></span></p>
    24. 

  24.             </td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6" colspan="2" valign="middle">
    25. 

  25.               <p>Present</p>
    26. 

  26.             </td><td colspan="2">
    27. 

  27.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я е́зжу</em></span></p>
    28. 

  28.             </td><td>
    29. 

  29.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хожу́</em></span></p>
    30. 

  30.             </td><td>
    31. 

  31.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ношу́</em></span></p>
    32. 

  32.             </td><td>
    33. 

  33.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вожу́</em></span></p>
    34. 

  34.             </td><td>
    35. 

  35.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вожу́</em></span></p>
    36. 

  36.             </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">
    37. 

  37.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ты е́здишь</em></span></p>
    38. 

  38.             </td><td>
    39. 

  39.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хо́дишь</em></span></p>
    40. 

  40.             </td><td>
    41. 

  41.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́сишь</em></span></p>
    42. 

  42.             </td><td>
    43. 

  43.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">во́зишь</em></span></p>
    44. 

  44.             </td><td>
    45. 

  45.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">во́дишь</em></span></p>
    46. 

  46.             </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">
    47. 

  47.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он е́здит</em></span>
    48. 

  48.               </p>
    49. 

  49.             </td><td>
    50. 

  50.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хо́дит</em></span>
    51. 

  51.               </p>
    52. 

  52.             </td><td>
    53. 

  53.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́сит</em></span>
    54. 

  54.               </p>
    55. 

  55.             </td><td>
    56. 

  56.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">во́зит</em></span></p>
    57. 

  57.             </td><td>
    58. 

  58.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">во́дит</em></span>
    59. 

  59.               </p>
    60. 

  60.             </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы
    61. 

  61.               е́здим</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хо́дим</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́сим</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">во́зим</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">во́дим</em></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">
    62. 

  62.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы е́здите</em></span></p>
    63. 

  63.             </td><td>
    64. 

  64.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хо́дите</em></span></p>
    65. 

  65.             </td><td>
    66. 

  66.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́сите</em></span></p>
    67. 

  67.             </td><td>
    68. 

  68.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">во́зите</em></span></p>
    69. 

  69.             </td><td>
    70. 

  70.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">во́дите</em></span></p>
    71. 

  71.             </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">
    72. 

  72.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они е́здят</em></span></p>
    73. 

  73.             </td><td>
    74. 

  74.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хо́дят</em></span></p>
    75. 

  75.             </td><td>
    76. 

  76.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́сят</em></span></p>
    77. 

  77.             </td><td>
    78. 

  78.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">во́зят</em></span></p>
    79. 

  79.             </td><td>
    80. 

  80.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">во́дят</em></span></p>
    81. 

  81.             </td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4" valign="middle">
    82. 

  82.               <p>Past</p>
    83. 

  83.             </td><td><span class="bold"><strong>M.</strong></span></td><td colspan="2">
    84. 

  84.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">е́здил</em></span></p>
    85. 

  85.             </td><td>
    86. 

  86.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходи́л</em></span></p>
    87. 

  87.             </td><td>
    88. 

  88.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">носи́л</em></span></p>
    89. 

  89.             </td><td>
    90. 

  90.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вози́л</em></span></p>
    91. 

  91.             </td><td>
    92. 

  92.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">води́л</em></span>
    93. 

  93.               </p>
    94. 

  94.             </td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong>F.</strong></span></td><td colspan="2">
    95. 

  95.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">е́здила</em></span>
    96. 

  96.               </p>
    97. 

  97.             </td><td>
    98. 

  98.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходи́ла</em></span>
    99. 

  99.               </p>
    100. 

  100.             </td><td>
    101. 

  101.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">носи́ла</em></span>
    102. 

  102.               </p>
    103. 

  103.             </td><td>
    104. 

  104.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вози́ла</em></span>
    105. 

  105.               </p>
    106. 

  106.             </td><td>
    107. 

  107.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">води́ла</em></span>
    108. 

  108.               </p>
    109. 

  109.             </td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong>N.</strong></span></td><td colspan="2"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">е́здило</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходи́ло</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">носи́ло</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вози́ло</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">води́ло</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong>PL.</strong></span></td><td colspan="2">
    110. 

  110.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">е́здили</em></span></p>
    111. 

  111.             </td><td>
    112. 

  112.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходи́ли</em></span></p>
    113. 

  113.             </td><td>
    114. 

  114.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">носи́ли</em></span></p>
    115. 

  115.             </td><td>
    116. 

  116.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вози́ли</em></span></p>
    117. 

  117.             </td><td>
    118. 

  118.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">води́ли</em></span></p>
    119. 

  119.             </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">
    120. 

  120.               <p>Imperative</p>
    121. 

  121.             </td><td colspan="2">
    122. 

  122.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">е́зди, -те</em></span></p>
    123. 

  123.             </td><td>
    124. 

  124.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходи́, -те</em></span></p>
    125. 

  125.             </td><td>
    126. 

  126.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">носи́, -те</em></span></p>
    127. 

  127.             </td><td>
    128. 

  128.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вози́, -те</em></span></p>
    129. 

  129.             </td><td>
    130. 

  130.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">води́, -те</em></span></p>
    131. 

  131.             </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"/><div class="table"><a id="d0e444"/><p class="title"><strong>Table 2. Determinate imperfective</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Determinate imperfective" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1"/><col align="left" class="newCol2"/><col align="left" class="c2"/><col align="left" class="c3"/><col align="left" class="c4"/><col align="left" class="c5"/><col align="left" class="c6"/><col align="left" class="c7"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th colspan="2" align="left"> </th><th colspan="2" align="center">to ride</th><th align="center">to go on foot, to walk</th><th align="center">to carry</th><th align="center">to carry by vehicle</th><th align="center">to lead, to conduct</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">
    132. 

  132.               <p>Infinitive</p>
    133. 

  133.             </td><td colspan="2" align="left">
    134. 

  134.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">е́хать</em></span></p>
    135. 

  135.             </td><td align="left">
    136. 

  136.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идти́</em></span></p>
    137. 

  137.             </td><td align="left">
    138. 

  138.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нести́</em></span></p>
    139. 

  139.             </td><td align="left">
    140. 

  140.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">везти́</em></span></p>
    141. 

  141.             </td><td align="left">
    142. 

  142.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вести́</em></span></p>
    143. 

  143.             </td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6" colspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">
    144. 

  144.               <p>Present </p>
    145. 

  145.             </td><td colspan="2" align="left">
    146. 

  146.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я е́ду</em></span></p>
    147. 

  147.             </td><td align="left">
    148. 

  148.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">иду́</em></span></p>
    149. 

  149.             </td><td align="left">
    150. 

  150.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">несу́</em></span></p>
    151. 

  151.             </td><td align="left">
    152. 

  152.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">везу́</em></span></p>
    153. 

  153.             </td><td align="left">
    154. 

  154.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">веду́</em></span></p>
    155. 

  155.             </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">
    156. 

  156.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ты е́дешь</em></span></p>
    157. 

  157.             </td><td align="left">
    158. 

  158.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идёшь</em></span></p>
    159. 

  159.             </td><td align="left">
    160. 

  160.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">несёшь</em></span></p>
    161. 

  161.             </td><td align="left">
    162. 

  162.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">везёшь</em></span></p>
    163. 

  163.             </td><td align="left">
    164. 

  164.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ведёшь</em></span></p>
    165. 

  165.             </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">
    166. 

  166.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он е́дет</em></span></p>
    167. 

  167.             </td><td align="left">
    168. 

  168.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идёт</em></span></p>
    169. 

  169.             </td><td align="left">
    170. 

  170.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">несёт</em></span></p>
    171. 

  171.             </td><td align="left">
    172. 

  172.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">везёт</em></span></p>
    173. 

  173.             </td><td align="left">
    174. 

  174.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ведёт</em></span></p>
    175. 

  175.             </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">
    176. 

  176.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы е́дем</em></span></p>
    177. 

  177.             </td><td align="left">
    178. 

  178.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идём</em></span></p>
    179. 

  179.             </td><td align="left">
    180. 

  180.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">несём</em></span></p>
    181. 

  181.             </td><td align="left">
    182. 

  182.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">везём</em></span></p>
    183. 

  183.             </td><td align="left">
    184. 

  184.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ведём</em></span></p>
    185. 

  185.             </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">
    186. 

  186.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы е́дете</em></span></p>
    187. 

  187.             </td><td align="left">
    188. 

  188.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идёте</em></span></p>
    189. 

  189.             </td><td align="left">
    190. 

  190.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">несёте</em></span></p>
    191. 

  191.             </td><td align="left">
    192. 

  192.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">везёте</em></span></p>
    193. 

  193.             </td><td align="left">
    194. 

  194.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ведёте</em></span></p>
    195. 

  195.             </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">
    196. 

  196.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они е́дут</em></span></p>
    197. 

  197.             </td><td align="left">
    198. 

  198.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">иду́т</em></span></p>
    199. 

  199.             </td><td align="left">
    200. 

  200.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">несу́т</em></span></p>
    201. 

  201.             </td><td align="left">
    202. 

  202.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">везу́т</em></span></p>
    203. 

  203.             </td><td align="left">
    204. 

  204.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">веду́т</em></span></p>
    205. 

  205.             </td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4" align="left" valign="middle">
    206. 

  206.               <p>Past</p>
    207. 

  207.             </td><td align="left"><span class="bold"><strong>M.</strong></span></td><td colspan="2" align="left">
    208. 

  208.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ех́ал</em></span></p>
    209. 

  209.             </td><td align="left">
    210. 

  210.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">шёл</em></span></p>
    211. 

  211.             </td><td align="left">
    212. 

  212.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нёс</em></span></p>
    213. 

  213.             </td><td align="left">
    214. 

  214.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вёз</em></span></p>
    215. 

  215.             </td><td align="left">
    216. 

  216.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вёл</em></span></p>
    217. 

  217.             </td></tr><tr><td align="left"><span class="bold"><strong>F.</strong></span></td><td colspan="2" align="left">
    218. 

  218.               <p>е́хала </p>
    219. 

  219.             </td><td align="left">
    220. 

  220.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">шла </em></span></p>
    221. 

  221.             </td><td align="left">
    222. 

  222.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">несла́</em></span></p>
    223. 

  223.             </td><td align="left">
    224. 

  224.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">везла́ </em></span></p>
    225. 

  225.             </td><td align="left">
    226. 

  226.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вела́ </em></span></p>
    227. 

  227.             </td></tr><tr><td align="left"><span class="bold"><strong>N.</strong></span></td><td colspan="2" align="left"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">е́хало</em></span></td><td align="left"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">шло</em></span></td><td align="left"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">несло́</em></span></td><td align="left"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">везло́</em></span></td><td align="left"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вело́</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><span class="bold"><strong>Рl.</strong></span></td><td colspan="2" align="left">
    228. 

  228.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">е́хали</em></span></p>
    229. 

  229.             </td><td align="left">
    230. 

  230.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">шли</em></span></p>
    231. 

  231.             </td><td align="left">
    232. 

  232.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">несли́</em></span></p>
    233. 

  233.             </td><td align="left">
    234. 

  234.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">везли́</em></span></p>
    235. 

  235.             </td><td align="left">
    236. 

  236.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вели́</em></span></p>
    237. 

  237.             </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left">
    238. 

  238.               <p>Imperative</p>
    239. 

  239.             </td><td colspan="2" align="left">
    240. 

  240.               <p>(<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">попе</em></span>)</p>
    241. 

  241.             </td><td align="left">
    242. 

  242.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">иди́, -те</em></span></p>
    243. 

  243.             </td><td align="left">
    244. 

  244.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">неси́, -те</em></span></p>
    245. 

  245.             </td><td align="left">
    246. 

  246.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вези́, -те</em></span></p>
    247. 

  247.             </td><td align="left">
    248. 

  248.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">веди́</em></span></p>
    249. 

  249.             </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"/></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 1. Introduction"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="d0e860"/>Chapter 1. Introduction</h2></div></div></div><p>As you already know, Russian verbs exist in pairs -- imperfective and perfective. In
    250. 

  250.       Russian it is necessary to have at your command both verbs, the imperfective and the
    251. 

  251.       perfective, to express all the possibilities of a <span class="bold"><strong>verbal
    252. 

  252.       idea</strong></span>. The imperfective and the perfective verbs are basically identical in meaning,
    253. 

  253.       but differ in aspect. To express the verbal idea of "writing" in English we need only one verb
    254. 

  254.       "to write". The Russian language has two verbs, the imperfective <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">писать</em></span> and the perfective <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">написать</em></span>. Both mean "to write".</p><p>Perfective verbs generally express the notion of completion. For example, the perfective
    255. 

  255.       verb <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">написать</em></span> "to write" is used in the past
    256. 

  256.       tense below expressing the notion of a completed action. </p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я написал эту книгу.</em></span></td><td>I wrote this book.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Imperfective verbs describe an action without reference to its completion. imperfective
    257. 

  257.       verbs are used when expressing a progressive action, repetition, or simply naming the action.
    258. 

  258.       Considering only the past tense of the imperfective verb <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">писать</em></span> "to write", you might find the following:</p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я писал весь день.</em></span></td><td>I was writing all day. (progressive)</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я писал каждый
    259. 

  259.               день.</em></span></td><td>
    260. 

  260.               <p>I wrote every day. (repetition) </p>
    261. 

  261.               <p>I would write every day. </p>
    262. 

  262.               <p>I used to write every day.</p>
    263. 

  263.             </td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я хорошо писал по-русски.</em></span></td><td>I wrote Russian well. (naming the action)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>This opposition between imperfective and perfective verbs is superficially adequate for
    264. 

  264.       most verbs in most contexts.</p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col align="left" class="c2"/><col class="c3"/><col class="c4"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td valign="middle"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я писал</em></span></td><td align="left">
    265. 

  265.               <p>progressive</p>
    266. 

  266.               <p>repetition</p>
    267. 

  267.               <p>naming the action</p>
    268. 

  268.             </td><td valign="middle"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я написал</em></span></td><td valign="middle">completion</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Before we start with the "verbs of motion" translate this sentence into English.</p><p>RUSSIAN: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я написал это письмо</em></span>.</p><p>ENGLISH:</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><p>ENGLISH: I wrote this letter. (a completed action)</p><p>That was simple. The perfective verb tells you it is a completed action. </p><p>O.K.:<span class="bold"><strong> translate this one.</strong></span></p><p>RUSSIAN: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я писал маме.</em></span></p><p>ENGLISH:</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><p>ENGLISH:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>I was writing Mother (when you called),</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>I wrote Mother (every day).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>I would write to Mother (every morning before school).</p></li></ul></div><p>The three translations above point out the problem with imperfective verbs -- they can be
    269. 

  269.       interpreted in several ways. All you know when you see an imperfective verb is that the
    270. 

  270.       emphasis is <span class="bold"><strong>not</strong></span> on a completed action.</p><p>This is an important point to know about Russian verbs: perfective verbs carry an
    271. 

  271.       intrinsic meaning of completion, while imperfective verbs have no intrinsic meaning. The
    272. 

  272.       problem with imperfective verbs is one of interpretation.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Where do you suppose you would look for hints on interpreting the
    273. 

  273.         meaning of an imperfective verb?</strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: Look at the rest of the sentence or
    274. 

  274.       paragraph.</p><p>Looking at the rest of the sentence for clues is the normal approach. Since imperfective
    275. 

  275.       verbs may have several meanings (interpretations), it is necessary to know the sentence
    276. 

  276.       context as well as the possible meanings of the imperfective verb. From now on we shall deal
    277. 

  277.       with imperfective verbs only.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>What are the three basic meanings of the imperfective
    278. 

  278.         verbs?</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>_______________________________</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>_______________________________</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>_______________________________</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>progressive action</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>repeated action</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>naming the action</p></li></ol></div><p>Now, in the sentences below <span class="bold"><strong>choose the best meaning for the
    279. 

  279.         imperfective verbs</strong></span> according to the context of the sentences; progressive,
    280. 

  280.       repeated, or naming.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я писал отцу три раза.</em></span> I wrote to father
    281. 

  281.           three times.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я читал всё утро.</em></span> I read (was reading)
    282. 

  282.           all morning.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я говорил по-русски.</em></span> I spoke (used to
    283. 

  283.           speak) Russian.</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>repeated action</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>progressive action</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>naming the action</p></li></ol></div><p>The last answer, "naming the action" occasionally gives the student some trouble. This
    284. 

  284.       meaning, of imperfective verbs is used to simply state the verb without reference to any
    285. 

  285.       quality of action or time.</p><p>Below are listed some English sentences that name the verb.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>I like to play.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>My dog limps.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Most people sneeze.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>He reads Russian.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>We eat to live.</p></li></ol></div><p>None of these verbs truly tie themselves to the notions of progression or
    286. 

  286.       repetition.</p></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 2. Verbs of motion"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="d0e1099"/>Chapter 2. Verbs of motion</h2></div></div></div><p>In Russian certain verbs have two imperfective forms. These verbs are called the "verbs of
    287. 

  287.       motion", because they state the basic types of motion — going on foot, going by vehicle,
    288. 

  288.       flying, swimming, crawling, etc.</p><p>There are only thirteen of these verbs, but they play a large role in both the spoken and
    289. 

  289.       written language. For our purposes, only the verbs of going, carrying, and leading are used.
    290. 

  290.       If you are curious, all of the verbs of motion are listed in the Appendix <a class="xref" href="#Appendix">page </a> in the back.</p><p>The two imperfective forms of these verbs present alternate views of going, carrying,
    291. 

  291.       swimming, etc. In general, a Russian needs only two verbs to express all possibilities of a
    292. 

  292.       verbal idea — the imperfective and the perfective.</p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><span class="bold"><strong>verbal idea
    293. 

  293.                 "writing"</strong></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    294. 

  294.               <p>
    295. 

  295.                 <span class="bold"><strong>imperfective</strong></span>
    296. 

  296.               </p>
    297. 

  297.               <p>
    298. 

  298.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">писать</em></span>
    299. 

  299.               </p>
    300. 

  300.             </td><td align="center">
    301. 

  301.               <p>
    302. 

  302.                 <span class="bold"><strong>perfective</strong></span>
    303. 

  303.               </p>
    304. 

  304.               <p>
    305. 

  305.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">написать</em></span>
    306. 

  306.               </p>
    307. 

  307.             </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>To express a verbal idea in all possible ways for a verb of motion you need three verbs —
    308. 

  308.       the perfective verb and two imperfective verbs called the indeterminate and the
    309. 

  309.       determinate.</p><p/><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><span class="bold"><strong>verbal idea "going
    310. 

  310.                 on foot"</strong></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><span class="bold"><strong>imperfective</strong></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    311. 

  311.               <p>
    312. 

  312.                 <span class="bold"><strong>indeterminate</strong></span>
    313. 

  313.               </p>
    314. 

  314.               <p>
    315. 

  315.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить</em></span>
    316. 

  316.               </p>
    317. 

  317.             </td><td align="center">
    318. 

  318.               <p>
    319. 

  319.                 <span class="bold"><strong>determinate</strong></span>
    320. 

  320.               </p>
    321. 

  321.               <p>
    322. 

  322.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идти</em></span>
    323. 

  323.               </p>
    324. 

  324.             </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Now look at the card that comes with this booklet. This card is titled <span class="italic">CONJUGATION PATTERNS OF THE VERBS OF LOCOMOTION AND CONVEYANCE</span>.
    325. 

  325.         (<a class="xref" href="#Card">page </a>)</p><p>These are the five verbs used throughout this text for examples, practice exercises, and
    326. 

  326.       tests. You may use this card anytime you wish as a reference, "cheat sheet", or bookmark. Of
    327. 

  327.       course, if you going to learn Russian you will eventually have to memorize them, but in this
    328. 

  328.       text it is not obligatory.</p><p>There are in Russian two verb-pairs with the general meaning of "to go", "to come", or "to
    329. 

  329.       travel", The verbs <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить-идти</em></span> mean "to go on
    330. 

  330.       foot", and the verbs <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ездить-ехать</em></span> mean "to go by
    331. 

  331.       vehicle or some means of conveyance".</p><p>In English we use the verb "to go" much more generally than the Russians. The English
    332. 

  332.       sentence "I am going to town" has two counterparts in Russian.</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я иду в город.</em></span> I am going to town (on
    333. 

  333.             foot).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я еду в город.</em></span> I am going to town (by
    334. 

  334.             vehicle).</p></li></ul></div><p>A similar distinction is made for <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">носить-нести</em></span> "to carry on foot" and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">возить-везти</em></span> , "to carry by vehicle, to transport".</p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col/><col align="center"/><col class="c3"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="center"> </th><th align="center">On Foot</th><th align="center">By Vehicle</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>to go</td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить --
    335. 

  335.               идти</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ездить --
    336. 

  336.               ехать</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>to carry</td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">носить --
    337. 

  337.               нести</em></span></td><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">возить --
    338. 

  338.               везти</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p/><p>This is a simple exercise to help you start to discriminate between "going on foot" and
    339. 

  339.       "going by vehicle". <span class="bold"><strong>Place a check beside the correct
    340. 

  340.         response.</strong></span></p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col align="center" class="c3"/><col align="center" class="c4"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th> </th><th> </th><th align="center">On Foot</th><th align="center">By Vehicle</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>
    341. 

  341.               <p>1.</p>
    342. 

  342.             </td><td>
    343. 

  343.               <p>going across the room</p>
    344. 

  344.             </td><td align="center">
    345. 

  345.               <p/>
    346. 

  346.             </td><td align="center">
    347. 

  347.               <p/>
    348. 

  348.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    349. 

  349.               <p>2.</p>
    350. 

  350.             </td><td>
    351. 

  351.               <p>going to Florida</p>
    352. 

  352.             </td><td align="center">
    353. 

  353.               <p/>
    354. 

  354.             </td><td align="center">
    355. 

  355.               <p/>
    356. 

  356.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    357. 

  357.               <p>з.</p>
    358. 

  358.             </td><td>
    359. 

  359.               <p>carrying my friend to the movies</p>
    360. 

  360.             </td><td align="center">
    361. 

  361.               <p/>
    362. 

  362.             </td><td align="center">
    363. 

  363.               <p/>
    364. 

  364.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    365. 

  365.               <p>4.</p>
    366. 

  366.             </td><td>
    367. 

  367.               <p>going into the kitchen</p>
    368. 

  368.             </td><td align="center">
    369. 

  369.               <p/>
    370. 

  370.             </td><td align="center">
    371. 

  371.               <p/>
    372. 

  372.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    373. 

  373.               <p>5.</p>
    374. 

  374.             </td><td>
    375. 

  375.               <p>carrying the book upstairs</p>
    376. 

  376.             </td><td align="center">
    377. 

  377.               <p/>
    378. 

  378.             </td><td align="center">
    379. 

  379.               <p/>
    380. 

  380.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    381. 

  381.               <p>6.</p>
    382. 

  382.             </td><td>
    383. 

  383.               <p>carrying the refrigerator back to town</p>
    384. 

  384.             </td><td align="center">
    385. 

  385.               <p/>
    386. 

  386.             </td><td align="center">
    387. 

  387.               <p/>
    388. 

  388.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    389. 

  389.               <p>7.</p>
    390. 

  390.             </td><td>
    391. 

  391.               <p>going to the country</p>
    392. 

  392.             </td><td align="center">
    393. 

  393.               <p/>
    394. 

  394.             </td><td align="center">
    395. 

  395.               <p/>
    396. 

  396.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    397. 

  397.               <p>8.</p>
    398. 

  398.             </td><td>
    399. 

  399.               <p>carrying the newspaper next door</p>
    400. 

  400.             </td><td align="center">
    401. 

  401.               <p/>
    402. 

  402.             </td><td align="center">
    403. 

  403.               <p/>
    404. 

  404.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    405. 

  405.               <p>9.</p>
    406. 

  406.             </td><td>
    407. 

  407.               <p>carrying the family home</p>
    408. 

  408.             </td><td align="center">
    409. 

  409.               <p/>
    410. 

  410.             </td><td align="center">
    411. 

  411.               <p/>
    412. 

  412.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    413. 

  413.               <p>10.</p>
    414. 

  414.             </td><td>
    415. 

  415.               <p>going through the library</p>
    416. 

  416.             </td><td align="center">
    417. 

  417.               <p/>
    418. 

  418.             </td><td align="center">
    419. 

  419.               <p/>
    420. 

  420.             </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col align="center" class="c2"/><col align="center" class="c3"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th> </th><th align="center">On Foot</th><th align="center">By Vehicle</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>
    421. 

  421.               <p>1.</p>
    422. 

  422.             </td><td align="center">
    423. 

  423.               <p>X</p>
    424. 

  424.             </td><td align="center">
    425. 

  425.               <p>-</p>
    426. 

  426.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    427. 

  427.               <p>2.</p>
    428. 

  428.             </td><td align="center">
    429. 

  429.               <p>-</p>
    430. 

  430.             </td><td align="center">
    431. 

  431.               <p>X</p>
    432. 

  432.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    433. 

  433.               <p>з.</p>
    434. 

  434.             </td><td align="center">
    435. 

  435.               <p>-</p>
    436. 

  436.             </td><td align="center">
    437. 

  437.               <p>X</p>
    438. 

  438.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    439. 

  439.               <p>4.</p>
    440. 

  440.             </td><td align="center">
    441. 

  441.               <p>X</p>
    442. 

  442.             </td><td align="center">
    443. 

  443.               <p>-</p>
    444. 

  444.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    445. 

  445.               <p>5.</p>
    446. 

  446.             </td><td align="center">
    447. 

  447.               <p>X</p>
    448. 

  448.             </td><td align="center">
    449. 

  449.               <p>-</p>
    450. 

  450.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    451. 

  451.               <p>6.</p>
    452. 

  452.             </td><td align="center">
    453. 

  453.               <p>-</p>
    454. 

  454.             </td><td align="center">
    455. 

  455.               <p>X</p>
    456. 

  456.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    457. 

  457.               <p>7.</p>
    458. 

  458.             </td><td align="center">
    459. 

  459.               <p>-</p>
    460. 

  460.             </td><td align="center">
    461. 

  461.               <p>X</p>
    462. 

  462.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    463. 

  463.               <p>8.</p>
    464. 

  464.             </td><td align="center">
    465. 

  465.               <p>X</p>
    466. 

  466.             </td><td align="center">
    467. 

  467.               <p>-</p>
    468. 

  468.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    469. 

  469.               <p>9.</p>
    470. 

  470.             </td><td align="center">
    471. 

  471.               <p>-</p>
    472. 

  472.             </td><td align="center">
    473. 

  473.               <p>X</p>
    474. 

  474.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    475. 

  475.               <p>10.</p>
    476. 

  476.             </td><td align="center">
    477. 

  477.               <p>X</p>
    478. 

  478.             </td><td align="center">-</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Now with the aid of your card translate the two sentences into English.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я несу книгу в класс.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я везу деньги</em></span> (money) <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в банк.</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>I am carrying the book to class (on foot).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>I am carrying the money to the bank (by car).</p></li></ol></div><p>The verbs of motion have two imperfective forms. They are called the _____________ and the
    479. 

  479.       _____________.</p></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 3. The determinate"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="d0e1673"/>Chapter 3. The determinate</h2></div></div></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: indeterminate and determinate (either
    480. 

  480.       order)</p><p>First let's take up the determinate imperfective. The most common determinate verb is
    481. 

  481.         <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идти</em></span> "to go on foot". As you can see on the
    482. 

  482.       card, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идти</em></span>, along with all imperfective verbs,
    483. 

  483.       has a present tense, a past tense, an imperative, and an infinitive. You can also form a
    484. 

  484.       future tense with the present tense forms of the verb <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">быть</em></span> "to be" plus the infinitive form.</p><p>One note of caution. If you are going to rely on that card, you will probably be making a
    485. 

  485.       mistake. There are about twenty prefixes that can be added to these verbs to form new verbs —
    486. 

  486.       approximately 100 verbs, and all are in common use! It wouldn't hurt to write them out for
    487. 

  487.       practice right now.</p><p>Now that you know the forms of the imperfective determinate verb <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идти</em></span> let us see how to use it. Since a determinate verb is a
    488. 

  488.       subcategory of an imperfective verb, we shall start with our definition of an imperfective
    489. 

  489.       verb.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>What are the three meanings of an imperfective
    490. 

  490.       verb?</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>________________________________</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>________________________________</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>________________________________</p></li></ol></div><p><a id="p16"/><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>progressive action</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>repeated action</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>naming the action</p></li></ol></div><p>The determinate verb describes a motion in progress at a given time — a progressive
    491. 

  491.       motion. The determinate roughly correlates with the English progressive tenses.</p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>I am going to the movies.</td><td>A motion in progress in the present tense.</td></tr><tr><td>He was going home.</td><td>A motion in progress in the past tense.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>NOT</strong></span>:</p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>I go to school.</td><td>A repeated (habitual) action.</td></tr><tr><td>They went home every day.</td><td>A repeated (habitual) action.</td></tr><tr><td>The baby walks now.</td><td>Naming the motion (action) without reference to time.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>The determinate imperfective verb roughly corresponds to the English progressive forms.
    492. 

  492.         <span class="bold"><strong>Which of the following sentences in English would be translated into
    493. 

  493.         Russian using the verb <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идти</em></span></strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong>DEFINITION</strong></span>: A determinate verb describes an action in
    494. 

  494.       progress at a given (specific) moment in time.</p><p>Mary goes to church. (<a class="xref" href="#p18">page </a>)</p><p>Bobby usually comes to work late. (<a class="xref" href="#p19">page </a>)</p><p>Here comes Harry! (<a class="xref" href="#p17">page </a>)</p><p><a id="p17"/><span class="bold"><strong>Your Answer</strong></span>: Here comes
    495. 

  495.       Harry!</p><p>Correct. "Here comes Harry" is an action in progress at a specific moment in time. In
    496. 

  496.       English we do not always use the progressive form "is coming" to express a progressive
    497. 

  497.       action.</p><p>Turn to <a class="xref" href="#p20">page </a>.</p><p><a id="p18"/><span class="bold"><strong>Your Answer</strong></span>: Mary goes to
    498. 

  498.       church.</p><p>That's not it. "Mary goes to church" is a repeated action. Doesn't the English imply that
    499. 

  499.       she goes to church regularly (or at least occasionally)? To express the idea of an action in
    500. 

  500.       progress at a specific moment we would have to change this sentence to:</p><p>Mary is going to church (right this moment).</p><p>Return to <a class="xref" href="#p16">page </a> and select the correct
    501. 

  501.       answer.</p><p><a id="p19"/><span class="bold"><strong>Your Answer: </strong></span> Bobby usually
    502. 

  502.       comes to work late.</p><p>Very unlikely. The adverb "usually" implies something that takes place repeatedly. To
    503. 

  503.       express the idea of an action in progress at a specific moment in time we would have to change
    504. 

  504.       the sentence to read:</p><p>Bobby is coming to work late (today).</p><p>Return to page 16 and select the correct answer.</p><p><a id="p20"/>Whenever determinate verbs of motion are discussed, the notion of
    505. 

  505.       a definite direction is brought up. A favorite textbook definition is: "Determinate verbs of
    506. 

  506.       motion describe an action in progress at a given time in a definite direction.</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>I am going to the movies.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>He is coming home.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Olga is coming into the room.</p></li></ul></div><p>Although direction is sometimes a handy way of looking at determinate verbs, it can cause
    507. 

  507.       some con-fusion. The phrases "to the movies", "home", and "into the room" really say more
    508. 

  508.       about destination than direction. The point is this: if you can see (visualize in your mind's
    509. 

  509.       eye) a motion in progress, then whoever or whatever is moving at any given moment can only be
    510. 

  510.       moving In one direction. This is self-evident. A better way to look at determinate motion is
    511. 

  511.       to visualize a simple progressive motion along a line. This line is not necessarily straight.
    512. 

  512.       Turn to the next page and consider the drawings of determinate motion.</p><p>All of the motions below can be expressed by the determinate verb of motion.</p><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="496"><tr><td><img src="Images/DLI-verbs-of-motion-1.png" width="496"/></td></tr></table></div><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="496"><tr><td><img src="Images/DLI-verbs-of-motion-2.png" width="496"/></td></tr></table></div><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="496"><tr><td><img src="Images/DLI-verbs-of-motion-3.png" width="496"/></td></tr></table></div><p>All of the above motions can be expressed by the determinate verb of motion.</p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ольга шла мимо дома.</em></span></td><td>Olga was walking past the house.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p/><p>Using the definition "motion in progress along a line at a specific moment", are you able
    513. 

  513.       to visualize in your mind's eye Olga's walking along a line (in the past)? It is a concrete
    514. 

  514.       image. A simple act of motion progressing along a line at the moment you visualize it. In this
    515. 

  515.       case, I saw in my mind's eye Olga walking in a fairly straight line on a sidewalk running past
    516. 

  516.       a house. In this sentence I don't know her destination, but I do visualize her moving in some
    517. 

  517.       direction. Here are two sentences with a determinate verb expressing a progressive motion
    518. 

  518.       along a line at a specific moment in time.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Which sentence has the more crooked line of
    519. 

  519.       motion?</strong></span></p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Иван идёт туда в кино.</em></span> Ivan is going
    520. 

  520.           there to the movies.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Собака идёт зигзагами к дому.</em></span> The dog
    521. 

  521.           zigzagged toward the house.</p></li></ul></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>. Your choice . It all depends on how you visualize
    522. 

  522.       it. A determinate verb expresses the action along a line irrespective of how intricate the
    523. 

  523.       line is.</p><p>Did you notice the adverb <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">туда</em></span> "there" in the
    524. 

  524.       sentence <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Иван идёт туда в кино?</em></span> Until now you
    525. 

  525.       have always used <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">там</em></span> in Russian for the concept
    526. 

  526.       "there". Russian has two adverbs for the concept of "where", "there", and "here". These
    527. 

  527.       adverbs have specific uses in Russian, and they are not interchangeable.</p><p>The adverb <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">где</em></span> "where" (you already know this
    528. 

  528.       one)refers only to location — where someone or something is located. The adverb <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span> "where" is used when motion is involved. <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Куда</em></span> really means "whereto". In English we now generally use
    529. 

  529.       the adverb <span class="bold"><strong>where</strong></span>, to mean both location and motion-to. Not
    530. 

  530.       too long ago we had the same opposition in English as the Russians have. The adverb <span class="bold"><strong>whither</strong></span> was used with motion-to, and where referred only to location.
    531. 

  531.       You are familiar with words of Ruth: "Whither thou goest, I shall go ...." Notice the
    532. 

  532.       difference in the following sentences.</p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Иван?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Куда идёт Иван?</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>Where is Ivan?</td><td>Where is Ivan going?</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Go to the next page.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Can you fill In the "blanks below?</strong></span></p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col align="center" class="newCol2"/><col class="c2"/><col class="c3"/><col align="center" class="c4"/><col class="c5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>
    533. 

  533.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">где</em></span></p>
    534. 

  534.             </td><td align="center">=</td><td>
    535. 

  535.               <p>where</p>
    536. 

  536.             </td><td>
    537. 

  537.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span></p>
    538. 

  538.             </td><td align="center">
    539. 

  539.               <p>=</p>
    540. 

  540.             </td><td>
    541. 

  541.               <p>where (whither)</p>
    542. 

  542.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    543. 

  543.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">здесь</em></span></p>
    544. 

  544.             </td><td align="center">=</td><td>
    545. 

  545.               <p>here</p>
    546. 

  546.             </td><td>
    547. 

  547.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сюда</em></span></p>
    548. 

  548.             </td><td align="center">
    549. 

  549.               <p>=</p>
    550. 

  550.             </td><td>
    551. 

  551.               <p>_____( _____)</p>
    552. 

  552.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    553. 

  553.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">там</em></span></p>
    554. 

  554.             </td><td align="center">=</td><td>
    555. 

  555.               <p>there</p>
    556. 

  556.             </td><td>
    557. 

  557.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">туда</em></span></p>
    558. 

  558.             </td><td align="center">
    559. 

  559.               <p>=</p>
    560. 

  560.             </td><td>
    561. 

  561.               <p>_____(_____ )</p>
    562. 

  562.             </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span> = where (whither)</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сюда</em></span> = here (hither)</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">туда</em></span> = there (thither)</p></li></ul></div><p>The adverbs <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">где</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">здесь</em></span>, and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">там</em></span> are used for
    563. 

  563.       location; and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сюда</em></span>, and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">туда</em></span> are used with
    564. 

  564.       verbs expressing motion.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Choose the correct form</strong></span>.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Иван, (куда/где) ты идёшь?</em></span> Ivan, where
    565. 

  565.           are you going?</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ольга, (куда/где) ты работаешь?</em></span> Olga,
    566. 

  566.           where do you work?</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы тоже шли (туда/там)?</em></span> Were you going
    567. 

  567.           there also?</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он живёт (сюда/здесь).</em></span> He lives
    568. 

  568.           here.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она была (сюда/здесь) в комнате.</em></span> She was
    569. 

  569.           here in the room.</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">где</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">туда</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">здесь</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">здесь</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Now, will you write a definition of determinate
    570. 

  570.       verb?</strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: Determinate verbs express a simple progressive
    571. 

  571.       motion along a line at a given (specific) moment in time. (It is not necessary to have the
    572. 

  572.       same words as mine.)</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Does this motion have to visualized as a straight
    573. 

  573.       line?</strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: NO.</p><p>Is a stated direction necessary for determinate verbs? __________</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: NO.</p><p>Many Russian sentences can be generated without a stated direction. For example:</p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Поезд идет быстро.</em></span></td><td>The train is going fast.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вор идёт!</em></span></td><td>A thief is coming!</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Fill in the blanks with the correct adverb</strong></span> (
    574. 

  574.         <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">где</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">туда</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">там</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сюда</em></span>, or
    575. 

  575.         <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">здесь</em></span> ).</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>_____ <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">твоя мама живёт?</em></span> Where does your
    576. 

  576.           mother live?</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я иду</em></span> _____ . I am going there.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ольга шла</em></span> _____. Olga was coming
    577. 

  577.           here,</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>_____ <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">автомобиль</em></span>? Where is the
    578. 

  578.           car?</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Пётр стоял</em></span> _____ Peter was standing
    579. 

  579.           there.</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: 1.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">туда</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сюда</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">там</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p>This completes the section on determinate verbs of motion using the verb <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идти</em></span>.</p><p>Turn the page when you are ready to start the next section on the indeterminate
    580. 

  580.       verbs.</p></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 4. The indeterminate verbs of motion"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="d0e2249"/>Chapter 4. The indeterminate verbs of motion</h2></div></div></div><p>Before we start on the indeterminate verbs of motion, there is one more point of grammar
    581. 

  581.       paralleling the kind of choice we must make between <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span> and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">где</em></span> , Two
    582. 

  582.       prepositions <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span> and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> + locative express location. This is something you have been doing all
    583. 

  583.       along.</p><p>When в or <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> governs the locative case:
    584. 

  584.         <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span> means "in, at", and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> means "on, at".</p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Иван?</em></span></td><td>Where is Ivan?</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он в библотеке.</em></span></td><td>He's in the library.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он на концерте.</em></span></td><td>He's at the concert.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>In sentences with verbs of motion, a question is generally а <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span>-question. A <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кyда</em></span>-question
    585. 

  585.       asks, "whereto?" The same prepositions в and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span>
    586. 

  586.       may be used to answer a <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span>-question. In this
    587. 

  587.       case в means "in, to", and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> means "on, to". In
    588. 

  588.       answering <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span>-questions, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span> and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> govern
    589. 

  589.       the accusative case — <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span> or <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> + accusative.</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Куда идёт Иван?</em></span> Where is Ivan
    590. 

  590.             going?</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он идёт в театр.</em></span> He is going to the
    591. 

  591.             theater.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он идёт на концерт.</em></span> He is going to the
    592. 

  592.             concert.</p></li></ul></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Choose the correct form.</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Моя терелка (на кухне/на кухню).</em></span></p><p>My plate is in the kitchen.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я иду (на уроке/на урок).</em></span></p><p>I am going to class.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Люди читают (в библотеке/в
    593. 

  593.           библиотеку).</em></span></p><p>People read in the library.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Отец шёл (в городе/в город).</em></span></p><p>Father was going to town.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я видел его (на футболе/на
    594. 

  594.           футбол).</em></span></p><p>I saw him at the football game.</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на урок</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в библиотеке</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в город</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на футболе.</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p>There is one other pair of adverbial forms meaning "home" used the same way —
    595. 

  595.         <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дома</em></span> (location) and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">домой</em></span> (destination or direction).</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Translate the answers to the following questions into Russian using
    596. 

  596.         either <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дома</em></span> or <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">домой</em></span>.</strong></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Иван?</em></span></p><p>He is at home. _______</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Куда идёт Иван?</em></span></p><p>He is going home. _______</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он дома.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он идёт домой.</em></span></p></li></ol></div><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col align="center" class="c1"/><col align="center" class="c2"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th colspan="2" align="center">Fill In the blanks below.</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center">
    597. 

  597.               <p><span class="bold"><strong>Location</strong></span></p>
    598. 

  598.             </td><td align="center">
    599. 

  599.               <p><span class="bold"><strong>Motion</strong></span></p>
    600. 

  600.             </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    601. 

  601.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">где</em></span></p>
    602. 

  602.             </td><td align="center">_______________________</td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    603. 

  603.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">здесь</em></span></p>
    604. 

  604.             </td><td align="center">_______________________</td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    605. 

  605.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">там </em></span></p>
    606. 

  606.             </td><td align="center">_______________________</td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    607. 

  607.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дома в</em></span> + locative</p>
    608. 

  608.             </td><td align="center">_______+______________</td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    609. 

  609.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> + locative</p>
    610. 

  610.             </td><td align="center">_______+______________</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col align="center" class="c1"/><col align="center" class="c2"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="center">Location</th><th align="center">Motion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center">
    611. 

  611.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">где</em></span></p>
    612. 

  612.             </td><td align="center">
    613. 

  613.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span></p>
    614. 

  614.             </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    615. 

  615.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">здесь</em></span></p>
    616. 

  616.             </td><td align="center">
    617. 

  617.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сюда</em></span></p>
    618. 

  618.             </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    619. 

  619.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">там</em></span></p>
    620. 

  620.             </td><td align="center">
    621. 

  621.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">туда</em></span></p>
    622. 

  622.             </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    623. 

  623.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дома</em></span></p>
    624. 

  624.             </td><td align="center">
    625. 

  625.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">домой</em></span></p>
    626. 

  626.             </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    627. 

  627.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span> + locative</p>
    628. 

  628.             </td><td align="center">
    629. 

  629.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span> + accusative</p>
    630. 

  630.             </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    631. 

  631.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> + locative</p>
    632. 

  632.             </td><td align="center">
    633. 

  633.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> + accusative</p>
    634. 

  634.             </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Since indeterminate verbs are Imperfective verbs, <span class="bold"><strong>what are the three
    635. 

  635.         basic actions expressed by imperfective verbs?</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>_______________________</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>_______________________</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>_______________________</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>progressive action</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>repeated action</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>naming the action</p></li></ol></div><p>If determinate verbs of motion express a progressive (a simple progressive motion along a
    636. 

  636.       line at a given moment), then<span class="bold"><strong> indeterminate verbs express ____________
    637. 

  637.         and ______________.</strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: repeated action (motion) and naming the action
    638. 

  638.       (motion)</p><p>To put repeated motion and naming the action into the same sort of definition as the
    639. 

  639.       determinate one, let us say that an indeterminate verb may describe:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>motion non-progressively along a line</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>motion with no relation to the line</p></li></ol></div><p>The repeated or habitual actions when translated into repeated or habitual motions can be
    640. 

  640.       thought of as non-progressive motion along a line. Using the indeterminate verb <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить</em></span> (the partner of the determinate verb <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идти</em></span>), turn to the next page and look at the sentences
    641. 

  641.       describing non-progressive motion along a line.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>Repeated motion: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хожу в школу три раза в
    642. 

  642.             неделю.</em></span> I go to class three times a week.</p><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="496"><tr><td><img src="Images/DLI-verbs-of-motion-4.png" width="496"/></td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Repeated motion: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я ходил по комнате.</em></span> I
    643. 

  643.           was walking around the room.</p><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="496"><tr><td><img src="Images/DLI-verbs-of-motion-5.png" width="496"/></td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Habitual motion: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мой брат ходит в город.</em></span>
    644. 

  644.           My brother goes to town.</p><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="496"><tr><td><img src="Images/DLI-verbs-of-motion-6.png" width="496"/></td></tr></table></div></li></ol></div><p><a id="p39"/>Now at the sentence below. <span class="bold"><strong>Select the best
    645. 

  645.         answer.</strong></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Зина</em></span> _____ <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в
    646. 

  646.         школу.</em></span></p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>a: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идёт</em></span>
    647. 

  647.           <a class="xref" href="#p42">page </a></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>b: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходит</em></span>
    648. 

  648.           <a class="xref" href="#p40">page </a>
    649. 

  649.         </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>c: either <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идёт</em></span> or <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходит</em></span>
    650. 

  650.           <a class="xref" href="#p41">page </a></p></li></ul></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Your Answer</strong></span>: (b) <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зина
    651. 

  651.         ходит в школу.</em></span> Zina goes to school.</p><p><a id="p40"/>"Zina goes to school" is a non-progressive motion considered as a
    652. 

  652.       repeated action or habitual action. It certainly can be interpreted in this way. But can't you
    653. 

  653.       also say <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Зина идёт в школу</em></span> "Zina is going
    654. 

  654.       to school" (a progressive motion along a line at a given moment in time)? This also
    655. 

  655.       correct.</p><p>The problem is there is not enough information in the rest of the sentence to give you
    656. 

  656.       only one possible interpretation. The sentence can be visualized in more than one way.</p><p>Most often a sentence with an indeterminate verb of motion will have adverbial clues for
    657. 

  657.       repeated or habitual actions.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Can you think of any adverbs or adverbial phrases that will help you
    658. 

  658.         visualize the motion as being repeated or habitual? </strong></span></p><p>Turn to <a class="xref" href="#p43">page </a> and you will see some that I
    659. 

  659.       thought of.</p><p><a id="p41"/><span class="bold"><strong>Your Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Зина идёт в школу.</em></span> Zina is going to
    660. 

  660.           school.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Зина ходит в школу.</em></span> Zina goes to
    661. 

  661.           school.</p></li></ul></div><p>You are absolutely right. There was not enough Information in the rest of the sentence to
    662. 

  662.       be sure of any one single interpretation. The sentence can be visualized in more than one
    663. 

  663.       way.</p><p>More often than not a sentence with an indeterminate verb will have adverbial clues for
    664. 

  664.       repeated or habitual motions.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Can you think of any adverbs or adverbial phrases that will help you
    665. 

  665.         visualize the motion as being repeated or habitual? </strong></span></p><p>Turn to <a class="xref" href="#p43">page </a> and you will see some that I
    666. 

  666.       thought of.</p><p><a id="p42"/><span class="bold"><strong>Your Answer</strong></span>: (а)
    667. 

  667.         <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Зина идёт в школу.</em></span> Zina is going to
    668. 

  668.       school.</p><p>"Zina is going to school" describes a simple progressive motion along a line at a given
    669. 

  669.       moment in time. This is correct as far as it goes. What about <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Зина ходит в школу</em></span> "Zina goes to school" (an habitual or repeated
    670. 

  670.       motion)? This is also possible.</p><p>The problem is there is not enough information in the rest of the sentence to give you
    671. 

  671.       only one possible answer. The sentence can be visualized more than one way.</p><p>Most often a sentence with an indeterminate verb of motion will have adverbs or adverbial
    672. 

  672.       clues for repeated or habitual actions. Can you think of any adverbs or adverbial phrases that
    673. 

  673.       will help you visualize the motion as being repeated or habitual? Turn to <a class="xref" href="#p43">page </a> and you will see some that I thought of.</p><p><a id="p43"/>Here is my list of adverbial clues or cues that can assist you in
    674. 

  674.       choosing the indeterminate from.</p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>
    675. 

  675.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">всегда</em></span></p>
    676. 

  676.             </td><td>
    677. 

  677.               <p>always</p>
    678. 

  678.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    679. 

  679.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">никогда</em></span></p>
    680. 

  680.             </td><td>
    681. 

  681.               <p>never</p>
    682. 

  682.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    683. 

  683.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">два раза</em></span></p>
    684. 

  684.             </td><td>
    685. 

  685.               <p>twice</p>
    686. 

  686.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    687. 

  687.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">три раза</em></span></p>
    688. 

  688.             </td><td>
    689. 

  689.               <p>three times</p>
    690. 

  690.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    691. 

  691.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пять раз</em></span></p>
    692. 

  692.             </td><td>
    693. 

  693.               <p>five times</p>
    694. 

  694.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    695. 

  695.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">много раз</em></span></p>
    696. 

  696.             </td><td>
    697. 

  697.               <p>many times</p>
    698. 

  698.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    699. 

  699.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">каждый день</em></span></p>
    700. 

  700.             </td><td>
    701. 

  701.               <p>every day</p>
    702. 

  702.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    703. 

  703.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">каждую неделю</em></span></p>
    704. 

  704.             </td><td>
    705. 

  705.               <p>every week</p>
    706. 

  706.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    707. 

  707.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">часто</em></span></p>
    708. 

  708.             </td><td>
    709. 

  709.               <p>often</p>
    710. 

  710.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    711. 

  711.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">обычно</em></span></p>
    712. 

  712.             </td><td>
    713. 

  713.               <p>usually</p>
    714. 

  714.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    715. 

  715.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">обыкновенно</em></span></p>
    716. 

  716.             </td><td>
    717. 

  717.               <p>generally</p>
    718. 

  718.             </td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">от времени до времени</em></span></td><td>from time to time</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>In the three sentences below the forms of the determinate <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идти</em></span> can not be used.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>What are the cues in the sentences that make the forms of the
    719. 

  719.         indeterminate <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить</em></span> the only
    720. 

  720.         choice?</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он всё время ходил взад и вперёд по
    721. 

  721.             комнате.</em></span></p><p>He continuously walked back and forth about the room.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я хожу на лекции по
    722. 

  722.           вторникам.</em></span></p><p>I go to lectures on Tuesdays.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ольга редко ходила в класс.</em></span></p><p>Olga rarely came to class.</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">всё время</em></span> "continuously" and
    723. 

  723.             <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">взад и вперё</em></span>д "back and forth"</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">по вторникам</em></span> "on Tuesdays"</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">редко</em></span> "rarely"</p></li></ol></div><p>These clues help you determine that the sentences express a repeated or habitual action.
    724. 

  724.       Therefore, the indeterminate verb is called for. An indeterminate verb expresses a
    725. 

  725.       non-progressive motion along a line — motion back and forth along that line or motion several
    726. 

  726.       times along that line. Since a non-progressive motion can be a back-and-forth motion, the
    727. 

  727.       indeterminate verb is sometimes used in the past tense to describe a completed round trip
    728. 

  728.       (having gone somewhere and returned).</p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где ты был сегодня
    729. 

  729.               утром?</em></span></td><td>Where were you this morning?</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я ходил в банк.</em></span></td><td>I went to the bank (and returned).</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>This round-trip notion easily falls into the definition of what
    730. 

  730.         Indeterminate verbs can do, that is, indeterminate verbs express</strong></span>
    731. 

  731.       _________________________________.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: motion non-progressively along a line. (At this
    732. 

  732.       point any definition using the idea of repeated, habitual, or back-and-forth motion Is
    733. 

  733.       correct.)</p><p>"Motion non-progressively along a line" is only half of the definition of indeterminate
    734. 

  734.       verbs. Can you fill in the blank below?</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>An indeterminate verb may describe:</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>motion non-progressively along a line</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>_____________________________________</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: motion having no relation to the line (or any
    735. 

  735.       words to that effect).</p><p>Indeterminate verbs may also express motion without any reference to a line. This is
    736. 

  736.       simply naming the action, a general description of the motion.</p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Люди ходят.</em></span></td><td>People walk.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Рыбы плавают.</em></span></td><td>Fish swim</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Птицы летают.</em></span></td><td>Birds fly.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Translate the following sentence into Russian.</strong></span></p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>I love to walk. ___________________</p></li></ul></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я люблю
    737. 

  737.         ходить.</em></span> "I love to walk."</p><p>Since the motion is simply described with no relation to a line, the indeterminate verb of
    738. 

  738.       motion <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить</em></span> is required. Let us do one
    739. 

  739.       more.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Translate this sentence into Russian.</strong></span></p><p>Our baby can walk. ________________________________.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>NOTE</strong></span>: The English modal verb "can" is not
    740. 

  740.       translated.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Наш ребёнок
    741. 

  741.         ходит.</em></span> "Our baby can walk."</p><p>Write a definition of an indeterminate verb.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>An indeterminate verb expresses:</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>____________________</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>____________________</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: An indeterminate verb expresses: (1) motion
    742. 

  742.       non-progressively along a line, and (2) motion having no relation to a line.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Now write a definition of a determinate verb.</strong></span></p><p>A determinate verb expresses ____________________.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: A determinate verb expresses a simple progressive
    743. 

  743.       motion along a line at a given moment in time.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Circle the correct form:</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы часто (ходим/идём) в
    744. 

  744.           театр.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я встретил его на улице; он (ходил/шёл) в
    745. 

  745.             банк.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы (ходим/идём) в гости</em></span> (as guests
    746. 

  746.             )<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"> сегодня вечером.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он начал полнеть</em></span> (to gain weight
    747. 

  747.             )<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">, потому что он мало
    748. 

  748.           (ходит/идёт).</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она (ходит/идёт) в библиотеку почти каждый
    749. 

  749.             день.</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходим</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">шёл</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идём</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходит</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходит</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p>We have now covered the basic uses of the determinate and indeterminate forms of the
    750. 

  750.       imperfective verbs of motion. In the next sections we shall apply these principles to some
    751. 

  751.       other verbs of motion.</p></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 5. Some other verbs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="d0e3181"/>Chapter 5. Some other verbs</h2></div></div></div><p>The indeterminate <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ездить</em></span> and the
    752. 

  752.       determinate <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ехать</em></span> act the same way as
    753. 

  753.         <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить</em></span> and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идти</em></span>. The big difference is that <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ездить-ехать</em></span> means to go by vehicle in stead of on foot.
    754. 

  754.       Use the card supplied with this program to learn the conjugation patterns of both
    755. 

  755.         <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ездить</em></span> and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ехать</em></span> then<span class="bold"><strong> select the correct form in
    756. 

  756.         each sentence below.</strong></span> Be careful not to have someone walking to California or
    757. 

  757.       riding in the bedroom.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вадим (идёт/едет) в деревню.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я завтра (иду/еду) в
    758. 

  758.           Филадельфию.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Собака (идёт/едет) на
    759. 

  759.           веранду.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он (идёт/едет) на кухню.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кама (идёт/едет) в Лондон.</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answers</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">едет</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">еду</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идёт</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идёт</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">едет</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p>The determinate expresses a progressive motion along a line at a specific moment in time.
    760. 

  760.       The determinate <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ехать</em></span> "going by vehicle" is
    761. 

  761.       shown in several examples below.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Куда едут все эти люди!</em></span></p><p>Where are all those people going!</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы едем завтра во Флориду.</em></span></p><p>We are going to Florida tomorrow.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кто едет со мной?</em></span></p><p>Who is going with me?</p></li></ol></div><p>The indeterminate verb expresses a non-progressive motion along a line or a motion without
    762. 

  762.       reference to any line.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span class="bold"><strong>REPETITION</strong></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я езжу в Одессу два раза в
    763. 

  763.           год.</em></span></p><p>I go to Odessa twice a year.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span class="bold"><strong>HABITUAL ACTION</strong></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она ездит только на такси.</em></span></p><p>She only takes taxis.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span class="bold"><strong>NAMING THE ACTION</strong></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Они любят ездить.</em></span></p><p>They love to ride.</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Change the determinate verb in the following sentences to the
    764. 

  764.         corresponding indeterminate form. Add one of the following adverbs to the altered
    765. 

  765.         sentence:</strong></span>
    766. 

  766.       <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">часто</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">редко</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">всё время</em></span>,
    767. 

  767.         <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">каждый день</em></span>, or <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">обычно</em></span>. For example:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я еду в город.</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я <span class="bold"><strong>езжу</strong></span> в город
    768. 

  768.               <span class="bold"><strong>каждый день.</strong></span></em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я ехал в Москву.</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я ____ в Москву _____.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ольга ехала на концерт.</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ольга ____ на концерт ____.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы едем домой.</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы ____ домой ____.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы едете в кино?</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы ____ в кино ____?</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answers</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">езжу</em></span> any of the adverbials
    769. 

  769.           listed</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ездил</em></span> any of the adverbials
    770. 

  770.           listed</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ездила</em></span> any of the adverbials
    771. 

  771.           listed</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ездим</em></span> any of the adverbials
    772. 

  772.           listed</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ездите</em></span> any of the adverbials
    773. 

  773.           listed</p></li></ol></div><p>Not only do you have to pay attention to the correct choice between determinate and
    774. 

  774.       indeterminate, but also you must note whether the verb in the sentence means on foot or by
    775. 

  775.       vehicle. It is necessary to memorize the following oppositions.</p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col align="center" class="c1"/><col align="center" class="c2"/><col align="center" class="c3"/><col align="center" class="c4"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th colspan="2" align="center">On Foot</th><th colspan="2" align="center">By Vehicle</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center">
    776. 

  776.               <p>indeterminate</p>
    777. 

  777.             </td><td align="center">
    778. 

  778.               <p>determinate</p>
    779. 

  779.             </td><td align="center">
    780. 

  780.               <p>indeterminate</p>
    781. 

  781.             </td><td align="center">
    782. 

  782.               <p>determinate</p>
    783. 

  783.             </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    784. 

  784.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить</em></span></p>
    785. 

  785.             </td><td align="center">
    786. 

  786.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идти</em></span></p>
    787. 

  787.             </td><td align="center">
    788. 

  788.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ездить</em></span></p>
    789. 

  789.             </td><td align="center">
    790. 

  790.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ехать</em></span></p>
    791. 

  791.             </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    792. 

  792.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">носить</em></span></p>
    793. 

  793.             </td><td align="center">
    794. 

  794.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нести</em></span></p>
    795. 

  795.             </td><td align="center">
    796. 

  796.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">возить</em></span></p>
    797. 

  797.             </td><td align="center">
    798. 

  798.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">везти</em></span></p>
    799. 

  799.             </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Another pair of indeterminate-determinate verbs of motion that we shall take up is
    800. 

  800.         <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">водить-вести</em></span> "to lead". <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Водить-вести</em></span> can mean "to lead on foot" or "to lead by
    801. 

  801.       vehicle". With <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">водить-вести</em></span> it makes no
    802. 

  802.       difference.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>The Indeterminate</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Пётр водит своего брата в парк каждый
    803. 

  803.             день.</em></span></p><p>Peter leads his brother to the park every day.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я водил сестру в школу только два раза в
    804. 

  804.             неделю.</em></span></p><p>I led (took) my sister to school only twice a week.</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>The Determinate</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мама видела, как я вёл сестру туда сегодня
    805. 

  805.             утром.</em></span></p><p>Mother saw me leading (taking) my sister there this morning.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Брат шёл по улице и вёл за руку маленькую сестру в
    806. 

  806.             парк.</em></span></p><p>The brother was walking along the street leading his little sister by the hand to the
    807. 

  807.           park.</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Complete the following using the verbs</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Куда вы идёте? Я (вожу/веду) дочку к
    808. 

  808.             доктору.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Куда вы едете? Я (вожу/везу) дочку к
    809. 

  809.             доктору.</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answers</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">веду</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">везу</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p>Don't get confused with the idea of. "on foot" or "by vehicle". Remember that it makes no
    810. 

  810.       difference with <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">водить-вести</em></span>. The choice is
    811. 

  811.       the same for both sentences -- the determinate verb, action progressing along a line.</p><p>The verbs <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">носить-нести</em></span> "to carry on
    812. 

  812.       foot" are similar to <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить-идти</em></span> "to go on
    813. 

  813.       foot". However, the verbs <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">носить-нести</em></span> take
    814. 

  814.       a direct object, that is , they carry something or someone.</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я несу книгу в библиотеку</em></span>. I am
    815. 

  815.           carrying the book to the library.</p></li></ul></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Replace the verbs <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить</em></span> or <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идти</em></span> in
    816. 

  816.         the following sentences with the correct form of <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">носить</em></span> or <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нести</em></span>
    817. 

  817.         plus a direct object.</strong></span> For example:</p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col class="c3"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>1.</td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мама <span class="bold"><strong>идёт</strong></span>
    818. 

  818.                 домой</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мама <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">несёт пакет</em></span></strong></span>
    819. 

  819.                 домой.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>2.</td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я <span class="bold"><strong>хожу</strong></span> в школу
    820. 

  820.                 каждый день.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я _____ в школу каждый
    821. 

  821.               день.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>3.</td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ольга <span class="bold"><strong>шла</strong></span> на
    822. 

  822.                 кухню.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ольга _____ на кухню.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>4.</td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она часто <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходила</em></span></strong></span> на
    823. 

  823.               кухню.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она _____ часто на
    824. 

  824.               кухню.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>5.</td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я <span class="bold"><strong>иду</strong></span> в
    825. 

  825.                 банк.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я _____ в банк.</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answers</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">несёт пакет</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ношу</em></span> plus a noun in the accusative
    826. 

  826.           case.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">несла</em></span> plus a noun in the accusative
    827. 

  827.           case.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">носила</em></span> plus a noun in the
    828. 

  828.           accusative case.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">несу</em></span> plus a noun in the accusative
    829. 

  829.           case.</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Using your definitions of the determinate and indeterminate, select
    830. 

  830.         the proper verb form from the following sentences.</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Куда вы (носите/несёте) этот
    831. 

  831.           пакет?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я (ношу/несу) его на почту.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда я видел его на улице, брат (носил/нёс) большую
    832. 

  832.             книгу.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он всегда (носил/нёс) свою шляпу в
    833. 

  833.             руке.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он (носит/несёт) её книги каждый
    834. 

  834.             день.</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answers</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">несёте</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">несу</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нёс</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">носил</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">носит</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p>The verbs<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"> возить-везти</em></span> "to carry by
    835. 

  835.       vehicle" is used exactly like <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">носить-нести</em></span>.</p><p/><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col align="center" class="c1"/><col align="center" class="c2"/><col align="center" class="c3"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">носить-нести</em></span></td><td align="center">=</td><td align="center">to carry ON FOOT, WALKING</td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">возить-везти</em></span></td><td align="center">=</td><td align="center">to carry BY VEHICLE, RIDING</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>The determinate form expresses motion in progress at a given moment in time, a progressive
    836. 

  836.       motion along a line.</p><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я несу хлеб домой.</em></span></td><td>I am carrying the bread home. (ON FOOT, WALKING)</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я везу хлеб домой.</em></span></td><td>I am carrying the bread home. (BY VEHICLE, RIDING)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>The indeterminate form expresses a motion non-progressively along a line (repeated or
    837. 

  837.       habitual motion), and motion with no reference to a line (a naming of the motion).</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я возил хлеб домой два раза.</em></span></p><p>I carried the bread home twice. <span class="bold"><strong>REPEATED
    838. 

  838.           MOTION</strong></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я возил хлеб домой каждый
    839. 

  839.           день.</em></span></p><p>I carried the bread home every day. <span class="bold"><strong>HABITUAL
    840. 

  840.           MOTION</strong></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я люблю возить хлеб домой.</em></span></p><p>I like to carry the bread home.<span class="bold"><strong> NAMING THE
    841. 

  841.           ACTION</strong></span></p></li></ul></div><p>The verbs <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">возить-везти</em></span> "to carry by
    842. 

  842.       vehicle" also take a direct object. <span class="bold"><strong>Underline the direct object in the
    843. 

  843.         following sentences and translate the sentences into English.</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я везу деньги в банк.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мама всегда возит мою сестру на
    844. 

  844.             футбол.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Отец вёз мою кровать на дачу.</em></span> (to
    845. 

  845.           the country house).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мой брат везёт лошадь на выставку</em></span>
    846. 

  846.           (to the fair).</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answers</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">деньги</em></span></strong></span>: I am taking the money to the bank by vehicle
    847. 

  847.           (car).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мою
    848. 

  848.             сестру</em></span></strong></span>: Mother always takes my sister to the football game
    849. 

  849.           (by car).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мою
    850. 

  850.             кровать</em></span></strong></span>: Father was taking (by car) my bed to the country
    851. 

  851.           house.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">лошадь</em></span></strong></span>: My brother is taking (his) horse to the
    852. 

  852.           fair.</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Now supply the correct form (the indeterminate or the determinate)
    853. 

  853.         of the verbs <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">возить-везти</em></span> "to carry by
    854. 

  854.         vehicle"</strong></span>.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>He drove us around the city yesterday in his car.</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он _____ нас вчера по городу в своем
    855. 

  855.             автомобиле.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>The bus was taking the children to school.</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Автобус _____ детей в школу.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Drive carefully with this box; there is glass in it.</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">_____ этот ящик осторожно; там
    856. 

  856.             стекло!</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>This bus takes children to school every morning.</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Этот автобус _____ детей в школу каждое
    857. 

  857.             утро.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>In front of us was a truck, which was carrying some kind of machines.</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Впереди нас ехал грузовик, который _____ какие-то
    858. 

  858.             машины.</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answers</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">возил</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вёз</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Везите</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">возит</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вёз</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p>When you use the verbs <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">водить-вест</em></span>и "to
    859. 

  859.       lead". It makes no difference whether you are leading on foot or by vehicle, the same verb is
    860. 

  860.       used. The verbs <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">водить-вести</em></span> also take a
    861. 

  861.       direct object, that is, you <span class="bold"><strong>lead</strong></span> someone or something.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Circle the correct forms and underline the direct
    862. 

  862.       object.</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>Every day she takes her children to the park.</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она каждый день (водит/ведёт) своих детей в
    863. 

  863.             парк.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>She was going to the park and leading her child there.</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она шла в парк и (водила/вела) туда своего
    864. 

  864.             ребёнка</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Lead me; it's so dark in here!</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">(Водите/Ведите) меня;тут так
    865. 

  865.           темно!</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>I am taking my daughter to the doctor.</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я (вожу/веду) мою дочь к
    866. 

  866.           доктору.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>The guide was leading us along a narrow mountain path.</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Гид (водил/вёл) нас по узкой горной
    867. 

  867.             тропинке.</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answers</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">водит своих детей</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вела . . . своего ребёнка</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ведите меня</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">веду мою дочь</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вёл нас</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p>Take a break, and then take the final test!</p></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 6. Test"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="d0e4008"/>Chapter 6. Test</h2></div></div></div><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>Write a definition of imperfective verbs with three example sentences.</p><p>___________________________</p><p>___________________________</p><p>___________________________</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="a"><li class="listitem"><p>_______________________</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>_______________________</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>_______________________</p></li></ol></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Write a definition of the determinate imperfective with one example sentence.</p><p>___________________________</p><p>___________________________</p><p>(1) ________________________</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Write a definition of the indeterminate imperfective including three example
    868. 

  868.           sentences.</p><p>___________________________</p><p>___________________________</p><p>___________________________</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="a"><li class="listitem"><p>_______________________</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>_______________________</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>_______________________</p></li></ol></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Select the correct form.</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы часто (ходим/идём) в
    869. 

  869.               театр.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Куда вы (ходите/идёте)?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он всегда (носит/нёс) свою шляпу в
    870. 

  870.                 руке.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мой отец любил (ездить/ехать) верхом.
    871. 

  871.                 .</em></span>(on horseback)</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Этот автобус (возит/везёт) туристов по
    872. 

  872.                 городу.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я вчера встретил</em></span> (met)
    873. 

  873.                 <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Андрея, когда он (ходил/шёл)в
    874. 

  874.                 библиотеку.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Куда вы едете? Я (вожу/везу) детей в
    875. 

  875.                 школу.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Если ты будешь (ездить/ехать) быстро, ты не
    876. 

  876.                 опоздаешь</em></span> (will not be late).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ольга (ходила/шла) очень быстро и не видела
    877. 

  877.                 меня.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он стал плохо видеть; ему нужно (he
    878. 

  878.                 needs)(носить/нести) очки</em></span> ("carry" in this sentence means
    879. 

  879.               "wear").</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вера вчера (носила/несла) книгу
    880. 

  880.                 домой.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Сейчас я дома. Я уже (ходил/шёл) в
    881. 

  881.                 банк.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Каждую неделю брат (водит/ведёт) старого человека
    882. 

  882.                 в город.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Завтра я (хожу/иду) в
    883. 

  883.               кино.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ольга (носила/несла) газеты в класс два раза в
    884. 

  884.                 неделю.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Гид сейчас (водит/ведёт) туристов в
    885. 

  885.                 музей.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я часто (вожу/везу) маму в
    886. 

  886.                 лавку.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Этот молодой человек любит (водить/вести) девушку
    887. 

  887.                 в сад.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Родители (ездят/едут) сейчас на
    888. 

  888.                 футбол.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Сегодня сестра (ходит/идёт)
    889. 

  889.                 домой.</em></span></p></li></ul></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Circle the correct form.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="a"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я живу (на квартире/на
    890. 

  890.                 квартиру).</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Сейчас я иду
    891. 

  891.               (дома/домой)</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он читает книги (в библиотеке/в
    892. 

  892.                 библиотеку).</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он ехал (на концерте/на
    893. 

  893.                 концерт).</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Иван любит ездить (в деревне/в
    894. 

  894.                 деревню).</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">(Где/Куда) вы работаете?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мой отец шёл (в саду/в
    895. 

  895.               сад).</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ольга спит</em></span> ( sleeps
    896. 

  896.                 )<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"> (там/туда).</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">(Где/Куда) вы идёте?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Сестра идёт
    897. 

  897.               (здесь/сюда).</em></span></p></li></ol></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Select the correct form.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="a"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Разговор в поезде: Куда
    898. 

  898.                 вы(идёте/едете)?</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я (иду/еду) в Чикаго.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ольга (несёт/везёт) свою книгу в
    899. 

  899.                 комнату.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Пётр (несёт/везёт) семью (family) в
    900. 

  900.                 деревню.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я (ношу/вожу) газеты в читальню каждый
    901. 

  901.                 день.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Отец (нёс/вёз) диван в
    902. 

  902.               город.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Сестра (ехала/шла) на
    903. 

  903.               кухню</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кто (идёт/едет) в лавку.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Брат хочет (идти/ехать) в
    904. 

  904.                 Европу.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мама (несла/везла) молоко в
    905. 

  905.                 спальню.</em></span></p></li></ol></div></li></ol></div></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 7. Answers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="d0e4240"/>Chapter 7. Answers</h2></div></div></div><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>KEY PHRASES: progressive action, repeated action, habitual action, naming the action,
    906. 

  906.           the action spoken of in general terms, no emphasis on the completion of the action. (three
    907. 

  907.           example sentences)</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>The determinate expresses a progressive motion along a line at a given (specific)
    908. 

  908.           moment in time. (one example sentence)</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>The indeterminate expresses a non-progressive motion(repeated, habitual,
    909. 

  909.           back-and-forth) along a line,and a motion with no reference to any line (naming the
    910. 

  910.           action, speaking of the action in general terms).(three example sentences).</p></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col align="center" class="c2"/><col align="center" class="c3"/><col align="center" class="c4"/><col align="center" class="c5"/><col align="center" class="c6"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>
    911. 

  911.                   <p>a.</p>
    912. 

  912.                 </td><td align="center">
    913. 

  913.                   <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходим</em></span></p>
    914. 

  914.                 </td><td align="center">
    915. 

  915.                   <p>I</p>
    916. 

  916.                 </td><td align="center">
    917. 

  917.                   <p>k.</p>
    918. 

  918.                 </td><td align="center">
    919. 

  919.                   <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">несла</em></span></p>
    920. 

  920.                 </td><td align="center">
    921. 

  921.                   <p>D</p>
    922. 

  922.                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    923. 

  923.                   <p>b.</p>
    924. 

  924.                 </td><td align="center">
    925. 

  925.                   <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идёте</em></span></p>
    926. 

  926.                 </td><td align="center">
    927. 

  927.                   <p>D</p>
    928. 

  928.                 </td><td align="center">
    929. 

  929.                   <p>l.</p>
    930. 

  930.                 </td><td align="center">
    931. 

  931.                   <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходил</em></span></p>
    932. 

  932.                 </td><td align="center">
    933. 

  933.                   <p>I</p>
    934. 

  934.                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    935. 

  935.                   <p>c.</p>
    936. 

  936.                 </td><td align="center">
    937. 

  937.                   <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">носил</em></span></p>
    938. 

  938.                 </td><td align="center">
    939. 

  939.                   <p>I</p>
    940. 

  940.                 </td><td align="center">
    941. 

  941.                   <p>m.</p>
    942. 

  942.                 </td><td align="center">
    943. 

  943.                   <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">водит</em></span></p>
    944. 

  944.                 </td><td align="center">
    945. 

  945.                   <p>I</p>
    946. 

  946.                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    947. 

  947.                   <p>d.</p>
    948. 

  948.                 </td><td align="center">
    949. 

  949.                   <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ездить</em></span></p>
    950. 

  950.                 </td><td align="center">
    951. 

  951.                   <p>I</p>
    952. 

  952.                 </td><td align="center">
    953. 

  953.                   <p>n.</p>
    954. 

  954.                 </td><td align="center">
    955. 

  955.                   <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">иду</em></span></p>
    956. 

  956.                 </td><td align="center">
    957. 

  957.                   <p>D</p>
    958. 

  958.                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    959. 

  959.                   <p>e.</p>
    960. 

  960.                 </td><td align="center">
    961. 

  961.                   <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">возит</em></span></p>
    962. 

  962.                 </td><td align="center">
    963. 

  963.                   <p>I</p>
    964. 

  964.                 </td><td align="center">
    965. 

  965.                   <p>о.</p>
    966. 

  966.                 </td><td align="center">
    967. 

  967.                   <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">носила</em></span></p>
    968. 

  968.                 </td><td align="center">
    969. 

  969.                   <p>I</p>
    970. 

  970.                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    971. 

  971.                   <p>f.</p>
    972. 

  972.                 </td><td align="center">
    973. 

  973.                   <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">шёл</em></span></p>
    974. 

  974.                 </td><td align="center">
    975. 

  975.                   <p>D</p>
    976. 

  976.                 </td><td align="center">
    977. 

  977.                   <p>p.</p>
    978. 

  978.                 </td><td align="center">
    979. 

  979.                   <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ведёт</em></span></p>
    980. 

  980.                 </td><td align="center">
    981. 

  981.                   <p>D</p>
    982. 

  982.                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    983. 

  983.                   <p>g.</p>
    984. 

  984.                 </td><td align="center">
    985. 

  985.                   <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">везу</em></span></p>
    986. 

  986.                 </td><td align="center">
    987. 

  987.                   <p>D</p>
    988. 

  988.                 </td><td align="center">
    989. 

  989.                   <p>q.</p>
    990. 

  990.                 </td><td align="center">
    991. 

  991.                   <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вожу</em></span></p>
    992. 

  992.                 </td><td align="center">
    993. 

  993.                   <p>I</p>
    994. 

  994.                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    995. 

  995.                   <p>h.</p>
    996. 

  996.                 </td><td align="center">
    997. 

  997.                   <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ехать</em></span></p>
    998. 

  998.                 </td><td align="center">
    999. 

  999.                   <p>D</p>
    1000. 

  1000.                 </td><td align="center">
    1001. 

  1001.                   <p>r.</p>
    1002. 

  1002.                 </td><td align="center">
    1003. 

  1003.                   <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">водить</em></span></p>
    1004. 

  1004.                 </td><td align="center">
    1005. 

  1005.                   <p>I</p>
    1006. 

  1006.                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    1007. 

  1007.                   <p>i.</p>
    1008. 

  1008.                 </td><td align="center">
    1009. 

  1009.                   <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">шла</em></span></p>
    1010. 

  1010.                 </td><td align="center">
    1011. 

  1011.                   <p>D</p>
    1012. 

  1012.                 </td><td align="center">
    1013. 

  1013.                   <p>s.</p>
    1014. 

  1014.                 </td><td align="center">
    1015. 

  1015.                   <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">едут</em></span></p>
    1016. 

  1016.                 </td><td align="center">
    1017. 

  1017.                   <p>D</p>
    1018. 

  1018.                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    1019. 

  1019.                   <p>j.</p>
    1020. 

  1020.                 </td><td align="center">
    1021. 

  1021.                   <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">носить</em></span></p>
    1022. 

  1022.                 </td><td align="center">
    1023. 

  1023.                   <p>I</p>
    1024. 

  1024.                 </td><td align="center">
    1025. 

  1025.                   <p>t.</p>
    1026. 

  1026.                 </td><td align="center">
    1027. 

  1027.                   <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идёт</em></span></p>
    1028. 

  1028.                 </td><td align="center">
    1029. 

  1029.                   <p>D</p>
    1030. 

  1030.                 </td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Circle the correct form.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="a"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на квартире</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">домой</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в библиотеке</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на концерт</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в деревне</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в сад</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">там</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Куда</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сюда</em></span></p></li></ol></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Select the correct form.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="a"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">едете</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">еду</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">несёт</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">везёт</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ношу</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вёз</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">шла</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идёт</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ехать</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">несла</em></span></p></li></ol></div></li></ol></div></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 8. Appendix"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="d0e4681"/>Chapter 8. <a id="Appendix"/>Appendix</h2></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left" class="c1"/><col align="center" class="c2"/><col align="center" class="c3"/><col align="center" class="c4"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="left">
    1031. 

  1031.               <p>1.</p>
    1032. 

  1032.             </td><td align="center">
    1033. 

  1033.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идти</em></span></p>
    1034. 

  1034.             </td><td align="center">
    1035. 

  1035.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить</em></span></p>
    1036. 

  1036.             </td><td align="center">
    1037. 

  1037.               <p>go, walk</p>
    1038. 

  1038.             </td></tr><tr><td align="left">
    1039. 

  1039.               <p>2.</p>
    1040. 

  1040.             </td><td align="center">
    1041. 

  1041.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бежать</em></span></p>
    1042. 

  1042.             </td><td align="center">
    1043. 

  1043.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">бегать</em></span></p>
    1044. 

  1044.             </td><td align="center">
    1045. 

  1045.               <p>run</p>
    1046. 

  1046.             </td></tr><tr><td align="left">
    1047. 

  1047.               <p>3.</p>
    1048. 

  1048.             </td><td align="center">
    1049. 

  1049.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ползти</em></span></p>
    1050. 

  1050.             </td><td align="center">
    1051. 

  1051.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ползать</em></span></p>
    1052. 

  1052.             </td><td align="center">
    1053. 

  1053.               <p>crawl</p>
    1054. 

  1054.             </td></tr><tr><td align="left">
    1055. 

  1055.               <p>4.</p>
    1056. 

  1056.             </td><td align="center">
    1057. 

  1057.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">лезть</em></span></p>
    1058. 

  1058.             </td><td align="center">
    1059. 

  1059.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">лазить (лазать)</em></span></p>
    1060. 

  1060.             </td><td align="center">
    1061. 

  1061.               <p>climb</p>
    1062. 

  1062.             </td></tr><tr><td align="left">
    1063. 

  1063.               <p>5.</p>
    1064. 

  1064.             </td><td align="center">
    1065. 

  1065.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">плыть</em></span></p>
    1066. 

  1066.             </td><td align="center">
    1067. 

  1067.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">плавать</em></span></p>
    1068. 

  1068.             </td><td align="center">
    1069. 

  1069.               <p>swim</p>
    1070. 

  1070.             </td></tr><tr><td align="left">
    1071. 

  1071.               <p>6.</p>
    1072. 

  1072.             </td><td align="center">
    1073. 

  1073.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">лететь</em></span></p>
    1074. 

  1074.             </td><td align="center">
    1075. 

  1075.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">летать</em></span></p>
    1076. 

  1076.             </td><td align="center">
    1077. 

  1077.               <p>fly</p>
    1078. 

  1078.             </td></tr><tr><td align="left">
    1079. 

  1079.               <p>7.</p>
    1080. 

  1080.             </td><td align="center">
    1081. 

  1081.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ехать</em></span></p>
    1082. 

  1082.             </td><td align="center">
    1083. 

  1083.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ездить</em></span></p>
    1084. 

  1084.             </td><td align="center">
    1085. 

  1085.               <p>go, ride</p>
    1086. 

  1086.             </td></tr><tr><td align="left">
    1087. 

  1087.               <p>8.</p>
    1088. 

  1088.             </td><td align="center">
    1089. 

  1089.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вести</em></span></p>
    1090. 

  1090.             </td><td align="center">
    1091. 

  1091.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">водить</em></span></p>
    1092. 

  1092.             </td><td align="center">
    1093. 

  1093.               <p>lead</p>
    1094. 

  1094.             </td></tr><tr><td align="left">
    1095. 

  1095.               <p>9.</p>
    1096. 

  1096.             </td><td align="center">
    1097. 

  1097.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">гнать</em></span></p>
    1098. 

  1098.             </td><td align="center">
    1099. 

  1099.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">гонять</em></span></p>
    1100. 

  1100.             </td><td align="center">
    1101. 

  1101.               <p>drive</p>
    1102. 

  1102.             </td></tr><tr><td align="left">
    1103. 

  1103.               <p>10.</p>
    1104. 

  1104.             </td><td align="center">
    1105. 

  1105.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">нести</em></span></p>
    1106. 

  1106.             </td><td align="center">
    1107. 

  1107.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">носить</em></span></p>
    1108. 

  1108.             </td><td align="center">
    1109. 

  1109.               <p>carry</p>
    1110. 

  1110.             </td></tr><tr><td align="left">
    1111. 

  1111.               <p>11.</p>
    1112. 

  1112.             </td><td align="center">
    1113. 

  1113.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">везти</em></span></p>
    1114. 

  1114.             </td><td align="center">
    1115. 

  1115.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">возить</em></span></p>
    1116. 

  1116.             </td><td align="center">
    1117. 

  1117.               <p>convey</p>
    1118. 

  1118.             </td></tr><tr><td align="left">
    1119. 

  1119.               <p>12.</p>
    1120. 

  1120.             </td><td align="center">
    1121. 

  1121.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">тащить</em></span></p>
    1122. 

  1122.             </td><td align="center">
    1123. 

  1123.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">таскать</em></span></p>
    1124. 

  1124.             </td><td align="center">
    1125. 

  1125.               <p>drag</p>
    1126. 

  1126.             </td></tr><tr><td align="left">
    1127. 

  1127.               <p>13.</p>
    1128. 

  1128.             </td><td align="center">
    1129. 

  1129.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">катить</em></span></p>
    1130. 

  1130.             </td><td align="center">
    1131. 

  1131.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">катать</em></span></p>
    1132. 

  1132.             </td><td align="center">
    1133. 

  1133.               <p>roll</p>
    1134. 

  1134.             </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>BIBLIOGRAPHY</strong></span></p><p>Foote, I. P. Verbs of motion. In Dennis Ward (Ed.) Studies in the modern Russian language.
    1135. 

  1135.       Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1967.</p><p>Forsyth, J. A grammar of aspect. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press,
    1136. 

  1136.       1970.</p><p>Murphy, A. B. Aspectival usage in Russian. Oxford, England: Pergamon Press, 1965.</p><p>Stilman, L. Russian verbs of motion. New York: Columbia University Press, 1951.</p><p>Stilman, G. &amp; Harklns, W. E. Introductory Russian grammar.</p><p>Waltham, Massachusetts: Blaisdell Publishing Company, 1964.</p></div></div></body></html>
    1137.