eric
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Dli-Verbs-of-motion


			
				
					
						
						
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							<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:pls="http://www.w3.org/2005/01/pronunciation-lexicon" xmlns:ssml="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><head><title>Chapter 4. The indeterminate verbs of motion</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-epub.css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/><link rel="prev" href="ch03.xhtml" title="Chapter 3. The determinate"/><link rel="next" href="ch05.xhtml" title="Chapter 5. Some other verbs"/></head><body><header/><section class="chapter" title="Chapter 4. The indeterminate verbs of motion" epub:type="chapter" id="d0e2251"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">Chapter 4. The indeterminate verbs of motion</h1></div></div></div><p>Before we start on the indeterminate verbs of motion, there is one more point of grammar
      paralleling the kind of choice we must make between <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span> and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">где</em></span> , Two
      prepositions <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span> and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> + locative express location. This is something you have been doing all
      along.</p><p>When в or <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> governs the locative case:
        <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span> means "in, at", and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> means "on, at".</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Иван?</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Where is Ivan?</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он в библотеке.</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">He's in the library.</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он на концерте.</em></span></td><td>He's at the concert.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>In sentences with verbs of motion, a question is generally а <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span>-question. A <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кyда</em></span>-question
      asks, "whereto?" The same prepositions в and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span>
      may be used to answer a <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span>-question. In this
      case в means "in, to", and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> means "on, to". In
      answering <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span>-questions, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span> and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> govern
      the accusative case — <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span> or <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> + accusative.</p><div class="itemizedlist" epub:type="list"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Куда идёт Иван?</em></span> Where is Ivan
            going?</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он идёт в театр.</em></span> He is going to the
            theater.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он идёт на концерт.</em></span> He is going to the
            concert.</p></li></ul></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Choose the correct form.</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Моя терелка (на кухне/на кухню).</em></span></p><p>My plate is in the kitchen.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я иду (на уроке/на урок).</em></span></p><p>I am going to class.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Люди читают (в библотеке/в
          библиотеку).</em></span></p><p>People read in the library.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Отец шёл (в городе/в город).</em></span></p><p>Father was going to town.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я видел его (на футболе/на
          футбол).</em></span></p><p>I saw him at the football game.</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на урок</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в библиотеке</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в город</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на футболе.</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p>There is one other pair of adverbial forms meaning "home" used the same way —
        <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дома</em></span> (location) and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">домой</em></span> (destination or direction).</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Translate the answers to the following questions into Russian using
        either <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дома</em></span> or <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">домой</em></span>.</strong></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Иван?</em></span></p><p>He is at home. _______</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Куда идёт Иван?</em></span></p><p>He is going home. _______</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>.</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он дома.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он идёт домой.</em></span></p></li></ol></div><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col style="text-align: center; " class="c1"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c2"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; " colspan="2">Fill In the blanks below.</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span class="bold"><strong>Location</strong></span></p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span class="bold"><strong>Motion</strong></span></p>
            </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">где</em></span></p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">_______________________</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">здесь</em></span></p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">_______________________</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">там </em></span></p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">_______________________</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дома в</em></span> + locative</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">_______+______________</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> + locative</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center; ">_______+______________</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col style="text-align: center; " class="c1"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c2"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Location</th><th style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Motion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">где</em></span></p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span></p>
            </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">здесь</em></span></p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сюда</em></span></p>
            </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">там</em></span></p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">туда</em></span></p>
            </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дома</em></span></p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">домой</em></span></p>
            </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span> + locative</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span> + accusative</p>
            </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> + locative</p>
            </td><td style="text-align: center; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> + accusative</p>
            </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Since indeterminate verbs are Imperfective verbs, <span class="bold"><strong>what are the three
        basic actions expressed by imperfective verbs?</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>_______________________</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>_______________________</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>_______________________</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>progressive action</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>repeated action</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>naming the action</p></li></ol></div><p>If determinate verbs of motion express a progressive (a simple progressive motion along a
      line at a given moment), then<span class="bold"><strong> indeterminate verbs express ____________
        and ______________.</strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: repeated action (motion) and naming the action
      (motion)</p><p>To put repeated motion and naming the action into the same sort of definition as the
      determinate one, let us say that an indeterminate verb may describe:</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>motion non-progressively along a line</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>motion with no relation to the line</p></li></ol></div><p>The repeated or habitual actions when translated into repeated or habitual motions can be
      thought of as non-progressive motion along a line. Using the indeterminate verb <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить</em></span> (the partner of the determinate verb <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идти</em></span>), turn to the next page and look at the sentences
      describing non-progressive motion along a line.</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Repeated motion: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хожу в школу три раза в
            неделю.</em></span> I go to class three times a week.</p><div class="mediaobject"><table style="border: 0; width: 496px; cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;"><tr><td><img src="Images/DLI-verbs-of-motion-4.png" width="496"/></td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Repeated motion: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я ходил по комнате.</em></span> I
          was walking around the room.</p><div class="mediaobject"><table style="border: 0; width: 496px; cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;"><tr><td><img src="Images/DLI-verbs-of-motion-5.png" width="496"/></td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Habitual motion: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мой брат ходит в город.</em></span>
          My brother goes to town.</p><div class="mediaobject"><table style="border: 0; width: 496px; cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;"><tr><td><img src="Images/DLI-verbs-of-motion-6.png" width="496"/></td></tr></table></div></li></ol></div><p><span id="p39"/>Now at the sentence below. <span class="bold"><strong>Select the best
        answer.</strong></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Зина</em></span> _____ <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в
        школу.</em></span></p><div class="itemizedlist" epub:type="list"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>a: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идёт</em></span>
          <a class="xref" href="ch04.xhtml#p42">page </a></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>b: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходит</em></span>
          <a class="xref" href="ch04.xhtml#p40">page </a>
        </p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>c: either <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идёт</em></span> or <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходит</em></span>
          <a class="xref" href="ch04.xhtml#p41">page </a></p></li></ul></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Your Answer</strong></span>: (b) <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зина
        ходит в школу.</em></span> Zina goes to school.</p><p><span id="p40"/>"Zina goes to school" is a non-progressive motion considered as a
      repeated action or habitual action. It certainly can be interpreted in this way. But can't you
      also say <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Зина идёт в школу</em></span> "Zina is going
      to school" (a progressive motion along a line at a given moment in time)? This also
      correct.</p><p>The problem is there is not enough information in the rest of the sentence to give you
      only one possible interpretation. The sentence can be visualized in more than one way.</p><p>Most often a sentence with an indeterminate verb of motion will have adverbial clues for
      repeated or habitual actions.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Can you think of any adverbs or adverbial phrases that will help you
        visualize the motion as being repeated or habitual? </strong></span></p><p>Turn to <a class="xref" href="ch04.xhtml#p43">page </a> and you will see some that I
      thought of.</p><p><span id="p41"/><span class="bold"><strong>Your Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="itemizedlist" epub:type="list"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Зина идёт в школу.</em></span> Zina is going to
          school.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Зина ходит в школу.</em></span> Zina goes to
          school.</p></li></ul></div><p>You are absolutely right. There was not enough Information in the rest of the sentence to
      be sure of any one single interpretation. The sentence can be visualized in more than one
      way.</p><p>More often than not a sentence with an indeterminate verb will have adverbial clues for
      repeated or habitual motions.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Can you think of any adverbs or adverbial phrases that will help you
        visualize the motion as being repeated or habitual? </strong></span></p><p>Turn to <a class="xref" href="ch04.xhtml#p43">page </a> and you will see some that I
      thought of.</p><p><span id="p42"/><span class="bold"><strong>Your Answer</strong></span>: (а)
        <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Зина идёт в школу.</em></span> Zina is going to
      school.</p><p>"Zina is going to school" describes a simple progressive motion along a line at a given
      moment in time. This is correct as far as it goes. What about <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Зина ходит в школу</em></span> "Zina goes to school" (an habitual or repeated
      motion)? This is also possible.</p><p>The problem is there is not enough information in the rest of the sentence to give you
      only one possible answer. The sentence can be visualized more than one way.</p><p>Most often a sentence with an indeterminate verb of motion will have adverbs or adverbial
      clues for repeated or habitual actions. Can you think of any adverbs or adverbial phrases that
      will help you visualize the motion as being repeated or habitual? Turn to <a class="xref" href="ch04.xhtml#p43">page </a> and you will see some that I thought of.</p><p><span id="p43"/>Here is my list of adverbial clues or cues that can assist you in
      choosing the indeterminate from.</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">всегда</em></span></p>
            </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>always</p>
            </td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">никогда</em></span></p>
            </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>never</p>
            </td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">два раза</em></span></p>
            </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>twice</p>
            </td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">три раза</em></span></p>
            </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>three times</p>
            </td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пять раз</em></span></p>
            </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>five times</p>
            </td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">много раз</em></span></p>
            </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>many times</p>
            </td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">каждый день</em></span></p>
            </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>every day</p>
            </td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">каждую неделю</em></span></p>
            </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>every week</p>
            </td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">часто</em></span></p>
            </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>often</p>
            </td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">обычно</em></span></p>
            </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>usually</p>
            </td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">обыкновенно</em></span></p>
            </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
              <p>generally</p>
            </td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">от времени до времени</em></span></td><td>from time to time</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>In the three sentences below the forms of the determinate <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идти</em></span> can not be used.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>What are the cues in the sentences that make the forms of the
        indeterminate <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить</em></span> the only
        choice?</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он всё время ходил взад и вперёд по
            комнате.</em></span></p><p>He continuously walked back and forth about the room.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я хожу на лекции по
          вторникам.</em></span></p><p>I go to lectures on Tuesdays.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ольга редко ходила в класс.</em></span></p><p>Olga rarely came to class.</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">всё время</em></span> "continuously" and
            <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">взад и вперё</em></span>д "back and forth"</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">по вторникам</em></span> "on Tuesdays"</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">редко</em></span> "rarely"</p></li></ol></div><p>These clues help you determine that the sentences express a repeated or habitual action.
      Therefore, the indeterminate verb is called for. An indeterminate verb expresses a
      non-progressive motion along a line — motion back and forth along that line or motion several
      times along that line. Since a non-progressive motion can be a back-and-forth motion, the
      indeterminate verb is sometimes used in the past tense to describe a completed round trip
      (having gone somewhere and returned).</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где ты был сегодня
              утром?</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Where were you this morning?</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я ходил в банк.</em></span></td><td>I went to the bank (and returned).</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>This round-trip notion easily falls into the definition of what
        Indeterminate verbs can do, that is, indeterminate verbs express</strong></span>
      _________________________________.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: motion non-progressively along a line. (At this
      point any definition using the idea of repeated, habitual, or back-and-forth motion Is
      correct.)</p><p>"Motion non-progressively along a line" is only half of the definition of indeterminate
      verbs. Can you fill in the blank below?</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>An indeterminate verb may describe:</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>motion non-progressively along a line</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>_____________________________________</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: motion having no relation to the line (or any
      words to that effect).</p><p>Indeterminate verbs may also express motion without any reference to a line. This is
      simply naming the action, a general description of the motion.</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Люди ходят.</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">People walk.</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Рыбы плавают.</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Fish swim</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Птицы летают.</em></span></td><td>Birds fly.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Translate the following sentence into Russian.</strong></span></p><div class="itemizedlist" epub:type="list"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>I love to walk. ___________________</p></li></ul></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я люблю
        ходить.</em></span> "I love to walk."</p><p>Since the motion is simply described with no relation to a line, the indeterminate verb of
      motion <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить</em></span> is required. Let us do one
      more.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Translate this sentence into Russian.</strong></span></p><p>Our baby can walk. ________________________________.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>NOTE</strong></span>: The English modal verb "can" is not
      translated.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Наш ребёнок
        ходит.</em></span> "Our baby can walk."</p><p>Write a definition of an indeterminate verb.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>An indeterminate verb expresses:</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>____________________</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>____________________</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: An indeterminate verb expresses: (1) motion
      non-progressively along a line, and (2) motion having no relation to a line.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Now write a definition of a determinate verb.</strong></span></p><p>A determinate verb expresses ____________________.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: A determinate verb expresses a simple progressive
      motion along a line at a given moment in time.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Circle the correct form:</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы часто (ходим/идём) в
          театр.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я встретил его на улице; он (ходил/шёл) в
            банк.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы (ходим/идём) в гости</em></span> (as guests
            )<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"> сегодня вечером.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он начал полнеть</em></span> (to gain weight
            )<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">, потому что он мало
          (ходит/идёт).</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она (ходит/идёт) в библиотеку почти каждый
            день.</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходим</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">шёл</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идём</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходит</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходит</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p>We have now covered the basic uses of the determinate and indeterminate forms of the
      imperfective verbs of motion. In the next sections we shall apply these principles to some
      other verbs of motion.</p></section><footer/></body></html>