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  4. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Chapter 4. The indeterminate verbs of motion</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/><link rel="home" href="index.xhtml" title="Russian verbs of motion:"/><link rel="up" href="index.xhtml" title="Russian verbs of motion:"/><link rel="prev" href="ch03.xhtml" title="Chapter 3. The determinate"/><link rel="next" href="ch05.xhtml" title="Chapter 5. Some other verbs"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 4. The indeterminate verbs of motion</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch03.xhtml">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch05.xhtml">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="d5e1230"/>Chapter 4. The indeterminate verbs of motion</h1></div></div></div><p>Before we start on the indeterminate verbs of motion, there is one more point of grammar
    5. 

  5.       paralleling the kind of choice we must make between <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span> and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">где</em></span> , Two
    6. 

  6.       prepositions <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span> and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> + locative express location. This is something you have been doing all
    7. 

  7.       along.</p><p>When в or <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> governs the locative case:
    8. 

  8.         <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span> means "in, at", and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> means "on, at".</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Иван?</em></span></td><td>Where is Ivan?</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он в библотеке.</em></span></td><td>He's in the library.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он на концерте.</em></span></td><td>He's at the concert.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>In sentences with verbs of motion, a question is generally а <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span>-question. A <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кyда</em></span>-question
    9. 

  9.       asks, "whereto?" The same prepositions в and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span>
    10. 

  10.       may be used to answer a <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span>-question. In this
    11. 

  11.       case в means "in, to", and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> means "on, to". In
    12. 

  12.       answering <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span>-questions, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span> and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> govern
    13. 

  13.       the accusative case — <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span> or <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> + accusative.</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Куда идёт Иван?</em></span> Where is Ivan
    14. 

  14.             going?</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он идёт в театр.</em></span> He is going to the
    15. 

  15.             theater.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он идёт на концерт.</em></span> He is going to the
    16. 

  16.             concert.</p></li></ul></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Choose the correct form.</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Моя терелка (на кухне/на кухню).</em></span></p><p>My plate is in the kitchen.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я иду (на уроке/на урок).</em></span></p><p>I am going to class.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Люди читают (в библотеке/в
    17. 

  17.           библиотеку).</em></span></p><p>People read in the library.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Отец шёл (в городе/в город).</em></span></p><p>Father was going to town.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я видел его (на футболе/на
    18. 

  18.           футбол).</em></span></p><p>I saw him at the football game.</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на урок</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в библиотеке</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в город</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на футболе.</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p>There is one other pair of adverbial forms meaning "home" used the same way —
    19. 

  19.         <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дома</em></span> (location) and <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">домой</em></span> (destination or direction).</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Translate the answers to the following questions into Russian using
    20. 

  20.         either <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дома</em></span> or <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">домой</em></span>.</strong></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Иван?</em></span></p><p>He is at home. _______</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Куда идёт Иван?</em></span></p><p>He is going home. _______</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он дома.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он идёт домой.</em></span></p></li></ol></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col align="center" class="c1"/><col align="center" class="c2"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th colspan="2" align="center">Fill In the blanks below.</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center">
    21. 

  21.               <p><span class="bold"><strong>Location</strong></span></p>
    22. 

  22.             </td><td align="center">
    23. 

  23.               <p><span class="bold"><strong>Motion</strong></span></p>
    24. 

  24.             </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    25. 

  25.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">где</em></span></p>
    26. 

  26.             </td><td align="center">_______________________</td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    27. 

  27.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">здесь</em></span></p>
    28. 

  28.             </td><td align="center">_______________________</td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    29. 

  29.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">там </em></span></p>
    30. 

  30.             </td><td align="center">_______________________</td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    31. 

  31.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дома в</em></span> + locative</p>
    32. 

  32.             </td><td align="center">_______+______________</td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    33. 

  33.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> + locative</p>
    34. 

  34.             </td><td align="center">_______+______________</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col align="center" class="c1"/><col align="center" class="c2"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="center">Location</th><th align="center">Motion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center">
    35. 

  35.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">где</em></span></p>
    36. 

  36.             </td><td align="center">
    37. 

  37.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span></p>
    38. 

  38.             </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    39. 

  39.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">здесь</em></span></p>
    40. 

  40.             </td><td align="center">
    41. 

  41.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сюда</em></span></p>
    42. 

  42.             </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    43. 

  43.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">там</em></span></p>
    44. 

  44.             </td><td align="center">
    45. 

  45.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">туда</em></span></p>
    46. 

  46.             </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    47. 

  47.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дома</em></span></p>
    48. 

  48.             </td><td align="center">
    49. 

  49.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">домой</em></span></p>
    50. 

  50.             </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    51. 

  51.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span> + locative</p>
    52. 

  52.             </td><td align="center">
    53. 

  53.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span> + accusative</p>
    54. 

  54.             </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    55. 

  55.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> + locative</p>
    56. 

  56.             </td><td align="center">
    57. 

  57.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> + accusative</p>
    58. 

  58.             </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Since indeterminate verbs are Imperfective verbs, <span class="bold"><strong>what are the three
    59. 

  59.         basic actions expressed by imperfective verbs?</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>_______________________</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>_______________________</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>_______________________</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>progressive action</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>repeated action</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>naming the action</p></li></ol></div><p>If determinate verbs of motion express a progressive (a simple progressive motion along a
    60. 

  60.       line at a given moment), then<span class="bold"><strong> indeterminate verbs express ____________
    61. 

  61.         and ______________.</strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: repeated action (motion) and naming the action
    62. 

  62.       (motion)</p><p>To put repeated motion and naming the action into the same sort of definition as the
    63. 

  63.       determinate one, let us say that an indeterminate verb may describe:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>motion non-progressively along a line</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>motion with no relation to the line</p></li></ol></div><p>The repeated or habitual actions when translated into repeated or habitual motions can be
    64. 

  64.       thought of as non-progressive motion along a line. Using the indeterminate verb <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить</em></span> (the partner of the determinate verb <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идти</em></span>), turn to the next page and look at the sentences
    65. 

  65.       describing non-progressive motion along a line.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>Repeated motion: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хожу в школу три раза в
    66. 

  66.             неделю.</em></span> I go to class three times a week.</p><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="496"><tr><td><img src="../../Images/DLI-verbs-of-motion-4.png" width="496"/></td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Repeated motion: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я ходил по комнате.</em></span> I
    67. 

  67.           was walking around the room.</p><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="496"><tr><td><img src="../../Images/DLI-verbs-of-motion-5.png" width="496"/></td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Habitual motion: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мой брат ходит в город.</em></span>
    68. 

  68.           My brother goes to town.</p><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="496"><tr><td><img src="../../Images/DLI-verbs-of-motion-6.png" width="496"/></td></tr></table></div></li></ol></div><p><a id="p39"/>Now at the sentence below. <span class="bold"><strong>Select the best
    69. 

  69.         answer.</strong></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Зина</em></span> _____ <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в
    70. 

  70.         школу.</em></span></p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>a: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идёт</em></span>
    71. 

  71.           <a class="xref" href="ch04.xhtml#p42">page </a></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>b: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходит</em></span>
    72. 

  72.           <a class="xref" href="ch04.xhtml#p40">page </a>
    73. 

  73.         </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>c: either <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идёт</em></span> or <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходит</em></span>
    74. 

  74.           <a class="xref" href="ch04.xhtml#p41">page </a></p></li></ul></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Your Answer</strong></span>: (b) <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зина
    75. 

  75.         ходит в школу.</em></span> Zina goes to school.</p><p><a id="p40"/>"Zina goes to school" is a non-progressive motion considered as a
    76. 

  76.       repeated action or habitual action. It certainly can be interpreted in this way. But can't you
    77. 

  77.       also say <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Зина идёт в школу</em></span> "Zina is going
    78. 

  78.       to school" (a progressive motion along a line at a given moment in time)? This also
    79. 

  79.       correct.</p><p>The problem is there is not enough information in the rest of the sentence to give you
    80. 

  80.       only one possible interpretation. The sentence can be visualized in more than one way.</p><p>Most often a sentence with an indeterminate verb of motion will have adverbial clues for
    81. 

  81.       repeated or habitual actions.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Can you think of any adverbs or adverbial phrases that will help you
    82. 

  82.         visualize the motion as being repeated or habitual? </strong></span></p><p>Turn to <a class="xref" href="ch04.xhtml#p43">page </a> and you will see some that I
    83. 

  83.       thought of.</p><p><a id="p41"/><span class="bold"><strong>Your Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Зина идёт в школу.</em></span> Zina is going to
    84. 

  84.           school.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Зина ходит в школу.</em></span> Zina goes to
    85. 

  85.           school.</p></li></ul></div><p>You are absolutely right. There was not enough Information in the rest of the sentence to
    86. 

  86.       be sure of any one single interpretation. The sentence can be visualized in more than one
    87. 

  87.       way.</p><p>More often than not a sentence with an indeterminate verb will have adverbial clues for
    88. 

  88.       repeated or habitual motions.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Can you think of any adverbs or adverbial phrases that will help you
    89. 

  89.         visualize the motion as being repeated or habitual? </strong></span></p><p>Turn to <a class="xref" href="ch04.xhtml#p43">page </a> and you will see some that I
    90. 

  90.       thought of.</p><p><a id="p42"/><span class="bold"><strong>Your Answer</strong></span>: (а)
    91. 

  91.         <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Зина идёт в школу.</em></span> Zina is going to
    92. 

  92.       school.</p><p>"Zina is going to school" describes a simple progressive motion along a line at a given
    93. 

  93.       moment in time. This is correct as far as it goes. What about <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Зина ходит в школу</em></span> "Zina goes to school" (an habitual or repeated
    94. 

  94.       motion)? This is also possible.</p><p>The problem is there is not enough information in the rest of the sentence to give you
    95. 

  95.       only one possible answer. The sentence can be visualized more than one way.</p><p>Most often a sentence with an indeterminate verb of motion will have adverbs or adverbial
    96. 

  96.       clues for repeated or habitual actions. Can you think of any adverbs or adverbial phrases that
    97. 

  97.       will help you visualize the motion as being repeated or habitual? Turn to <a class="xref" href="ch04.xhtml#p43">page </a> and you will see some that I thought of.</p><p><a id="p43"/>Here is my list of adverbial clues or cues that can assist you in
    98. 

  98.       choosing the indeterminate from.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>
    99. 

  99.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">всегда</em></span></p>
    100. 

  100.             </td><td>
    101. 

  101.               <p>always</p>
    102. 

  102.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    103. 

  103.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">никогда</em></span></p>
    104. 

  104.             </td><td>
    105. 

  105.               <p>never</p>
    106. 

  106.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    107. 

  107.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">два раза</em></span></p>
    108. 

  108.             </td><td>
    109. 

  109.               <p>twice</p>
    110. 

  110.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    111. 

  111.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">три раза</em></span></p>
    112. 

  112.             </td><td>
    113. 

  113.               <p>three times</p>
    114. 

  114.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    115. 

  115.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пять раз</em></span></p>
    116. 

  116.             </td><td>
    117. 

  117.               <p>five times</p>
    118. 

  118.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    119. 

  119.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">много раз</em></span></p>
    120. 

  120.             </td><td>
    121. 

  121.               <p>many times</p>
    122. 

  122.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    123. 

  123.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">каждый день</em></span></p>
    124. 

  124.             </td><td>
    125. 

  125.               <p>every day</p>
    126. 

  126.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    127. 

  127.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">каждую неделю</em></span></p>
    128. 

  128.             </td><td>
    129. 

  129.               <p>every week</p>
    130. 

  130.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    131. 

  131.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">часто</em></span></p>
    132. 

  132.             </td><td>
    133. 

  133.               <p>often</p>
    134. 

  134.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    135. 

  135.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">обычно</em></span></p>
    136. 

  136.             </td><td>
    137. 

  137.               <p>usually</p>
    138. 

  138.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    139. 

  139.               <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">обыкновенно</em></span></p>
    140. 

  140.             </td><td>
    141. 

  141.               <p>generally</p>
    142. 

  142.             </td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">от времени до времени</em></span></td><td>from time to time</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>In the three sentences below the forms of the determinate <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идти</em></span> can not be used.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>What are the cues in the sentences that make the forms of the
    143. 

  143.         indeterminate <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить</em></span> the only
    144. 

  144.         choice?</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он всё время ходил взад и вперёд по
    145. 

  145.             комнате.</em></span></p><p>He continuously walked back and forth about the room.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я хожу на лекции по
    146. 

  146.           вторникам.</em></span></p><p>I go to lectures on Tuesdays.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ольга редко ходила в класс.</em></span></p><p>Olga rarely came to class.</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">всё время</em></span> "continuously" and
    147. 

  147.             <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">взад и вперё</em></span>д "back and forth"</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">по вторникам</em></span> "on Tuesdays"</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">редко</em></span> "rarely"</p></li></ol></div><p>These clues help you determine that the sentences express a repeated or habitual action.
    148. 

  148.       Therefore, the indeterminate verb is called for. An indeterminate verb expresses a
    149. 

  149.       non-progressive motion along a line — motion back and forth along that line or motion several
    150. 

  150.       times along that line. Since a non-progressive motion can be a back-and-forth motion, the
    151. 

  151.       indeterminate verb is sometimes used in the past tense to describe a completed round trip
    152. 

  152.       (having gone somewhere and returned).</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где ты был сегодня
    153. 

  153.               утром?</em></span></td><td>Where were you this morning?</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я ходил в банк.</em></span></td><td>I went to the bank (and returned).</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>This round-trip notion easily falls into the definition of what
    154. 

  154.         Indeterminate verbs can do, that is, indeterminate verbs express</strong></span>
    155. 

  155.       _________________________________.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: motion non-progressively along a line. (At this
    156. 

  156.       point any definition using the idea of repeated, habitual, or back-and-forth motion Is
    157. 

  157.       correct.)</p><p>"Motion non-progressively along a line" is only half of the definition of indeterminate
    158. 

  158.       verbs. Can you fill in the blank below?</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>An indeterminate verb may describe:</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>motion non-progressively along a line</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>_____________________________________</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: motion having no relation to the line (or any
    159. 

  159.       words to that effect).</p><p>Indeterminate verbs may also express motion without any reference to a line. This is
    160. 

  160.       simply naming the action, a general description of the motion.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Люди ходят.</em></span></td><td>People walk.</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Рыбы плавают.</em></span></td><td>Fish swim</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Птицы летают.</em></span></td><td>Birds fly.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Translate the following sentence into Russian.</strong></span></p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>I love to walk. ___________________</p></li></ul></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я люблю
    161. 

  161.         ходить.</em></span> "I love to walk."</p><p>Since the motion is simply described with no relation to a line, the indeterminate verb of
    162. 

  162.       motion <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить</em></span> is required. Let us do one
    163. 

  163.       more.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Translate this sentence into Russian.</strong></span></p><p>Our baby can walk. ________________________________.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>NOTE</strong></span>: The English modal verb "can" is not
    164. 

  164.       translated.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Наш ребёнок
    165. 

  165.         ходит.</em></span> "Our baby can walk."</p><p>Write a definition of an indeterminate verb.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>An indeterminate verb expresses:</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>____________________</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>____________________</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: An indeterminate verb expresses: (1) motion
    166. 

  166.       non-progressively along a line, and (2) motion having no relation to a line.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Now write a definition of a determinate verb.</strong></span></p><p>A determinate verb expresses ____________________.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: A determinate verb expresses a simple progressive
    167. 

  167.       motion along a line at a given moment in time.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Circle the correct form:</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы часто (ходим/идём) в
    168. 

  168.           театр.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я встретил его на улице; он (ходил/шёл) в
    169. 

  169.             банк.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы (ходим/идём) в гости</em></span> (as guests
    170. 

  170.             )<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"> сегодня вечером.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он начал полнеть</em></span> (to gain weight
    171. 

  171.             )<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">, потому что он мало
    172. 

  172.           (ходит/идёт).</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она (ходит/идёт) в библиотеку почти каждый
    173. 

  173.             день.</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходим</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">шёл</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идём</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходит</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходит</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p>We have now covered the basic uses of the determinate and indeterminate forms of the
    174. 

  174.       imperfective verbs of motion. In the next sections we shall apply these principles to some
    175. 

  175.       other verbs of motion.</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch03.xhtml">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch05.xhtml">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 3. The determinate </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.xhtml">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 5. Some other verbs</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
    176.