1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465666768697071727374757677787980818283848586878889909192939495969798991001011021031041051061071081091101111121131141151161171181191201211221231241251261271281291301311321331341351361371381391401411421431441451461471481491501511521531541551561571581591601611621631641651661671681691701711721731741751761771781791801811821831841851861871881891901911921931941951961971981992002012022032042052062072082092102112122132142152162172182192202212222232242252262272282292302312322332342352362372382392402412422432442452462472482492502512522532542552562572582592602612622632642652662672682692702712722732742752762772782792802812822832842852862872882892902912922932942952962972982993003013023033043053063073083093103113123133143153163173183193203213223233243253263273283293303313323333343353363373383393403413423433443453463473483493503513523533543553563573583593603613623633643653663673683693703713723733743753763773783793803813823833843853863873883893903913923933943953963973983994004014024034044054064074084094104114124134144154164174184194204214224234244254264274284294304314324334344354364374384394404414424434444454464474484494504514524534544554564574584594604614624634644654664674684694704714724734744754764774784794804814824834844854864874884894904914924934944954964974984995005015025035045055065075085095105115125135145155165175185195205215225235245255265275285295305315325335345355365375385395405415425435445455465475485495505515525535545555565575585595605615625635645655665675685695705715725735745755765775785795805815825835845855865875885895905915925935945955965975985996006016026036046056066076086096106116126136146156166176186196206216226236246256266276286296306316326336346356366376386396406416426436446456466476486496506516526536546556566576586596606616626636646656666676686696706716726736746756766776786796806816826836846856866876886896906916926936946956966976986997007017027037047057067077087097107117127137147157167177187197207217227237247257267277287297307317327337347357367377387397407417427437447457467477487497507517527537547557567577587597607617627637647657667677687697707717727737747757767777787797807817827837847857867877887897907917927937947957967977987998008018028038048058068078088098108118128138148158168178188198208218228238248258268278288298308318328338348358368378388398408418428438448458468478488498508518528538548558568578588598608618628638648658668678688698708718728738748758768778788798808818828838848858868878888898908918928938948958968978988999009019029039049059069079089099109119129139149159169179189199209219229239249259269279289299309319329339349359369379389399409419429439449459469479489499509519529539549559569579589599609619629639649659669679689699709719729739749759769779789799809819829839849859869879889899909919929939949959969979989991000100110021003100410051006100710081009101010111012101310141015101610171018101910201021102210231024102510261027102810291030103110321033103410351036103710381039104010411042104310441045104610471048104910501051105210531054105510561057105810591060106110621063106410651066106710681069107010711072107310741075107610771078107910801081108210831084108510861087108810891090109110921093109410951096109710981099110011011102110311041105110611071108110911101111111211131114111511161117111811191120112111221123112411251126112711281129113011311132113311341135113611371138113911401141114211431144114511461147114811491150115111521153115411551156115711581159116011611162116311641165116611671168116911701171117211731174117511761177117811791180118111821183118411851186118711881189119011911192119311941195119611971198119912001201120212031204120512061207120812091210121112121213121412151216121712181219122012211222122312241225122612271228122912301231123212331234123512361237123812391240124112421243124412451246124712481249125012511252125312541255125612571258125912601261126212631264126512661267126812691270127112721273127412751276127712781279128012811282128312841285128612871288128912901291129212931294129512961297129812991300130113021303130413051306130713081309131013111312131313141315131613171318131913201321132213231324132513261327132813291330133113321333133413351336133713381339134013411342134313441345134613471348134913501351135213531354135513561357135813591360136113621363136413651366136713681369137013711372137313741375137613771378137913801381138213831384138513861387138813891390139113921393139413951396139713981399140014011402140314041405140614071408140914101411141214131414141514161417141814191420142114221423142414251426142714281429143014311432143314341435143614371438143914401441144214431444144514461447144814491450145114521453145414551456145714581459146014611462146314641465146614671468146914701471147214731474147514761477147814791480148114821483148414851486148714881489149014911492149314941495149614971498149915001501150215031504150515061507150815091510151115121513151415151516151715181519152015211522152315241525152615271528152915301531153215331534153515361537153815391540154115421543154415451546154715481549155015511552155315541555155615571558155915601561156215631564156515661567156815691570157115721573157415751576157715781579158015811582158315841585158615871588158915901591159215931594159515961597159815991600160116021603160416051606160716081609161016111612161316141615161616171618161916201621162216231624162516261627162816291630163116321633163416351636163716381639164016411642164316441645164616471648164916501651165216531654165516561657165816591660166116621663166416651666166716681669167016711672167316741675167616771678167916801681168216831684168516861687168816891690169116921693169416951696169716981699170017011702170317041705170617071708170917101711171217131714171517161717171817191720172117221723172417251726172717281729173017311732173317341735173617371738173917401741174217431744174517461747174817491750175117521753175417551756175717581759176017611762176317641765176617671768176917701771177217731774177517761777177817791780178117821783178417851786178717881789179017911792179317941795179617971798179918001801180218031804180518061807180818091810181118121813181418151816181718181819182018211822182318241825182618271828182918301831183218331834183518361837183818391840184118421843184418451846184718481849185018511852185318541855185618571858185918601861186218631864186518661867186818691870187118721873187418751876187718781879188018811882188318841885188618871888188918901891189218931894189518961897189818991900190119021903190419051906190719081909191019111912191319141915191619171918191919201921192219231924192519261927192819291930193119321933193419351936193719381939194019411942194319441945194619471948194919501951195219531954195519561957195819591960196119621963196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026202720282029203020312032203320342035203620372038203920402041204220432044204520462047204820492050205120522053205420552056205720582059206020612062206320642065206620672068206920702071207220732074207520762077207820792080208120822083208420852086208720882089209020912092209320942095209620972098209921002101210221032104210521062107210821092110211121122113211421152116211721182119212021212122212321242125212621272128212921302131213221332134213521362137213821392140214121422143214421452146214721482149215021512152215321542155215621572158215921602161216221632164216521662167216821692170217121722173217421752176217721782179218021812182218321842185218621872188218921902191219221932194219521962197219821992200220122022203220422052206220722082209221022112212221322142215221622172218221922202221222222232224222522262227222822292230223122322233223422352236223722382239224022412242224322442245224622472248224922502251225222532254225522562257225822592260226122622263226422652266226722682269227022712272227322742275227622772278227922802281228222832284228522862287228822892290229122922293229422952296229722982299230023012302230323042305230623072308230923102311231223132314231523162317231823192320232123222323232423252326232723282329233023312332233323342335233623372338233923402341234223432344234523462347234823492350235123522353235423552356235723582359236023612362236323642365236623672368236923702371237223732374237523762377237823792380238123822383238423852386238723882389239023912392239323942395239623972398239924002401240224032404240524062407240824092410241124122413241424152416241724182419242024212422242324242425242624272428242924302431243224332434243524362437243824392440244124422443244424452446244724482449245024512452245324542455245624572458245924602461246224632464246524662467246824692470247124722473247424752476247724782479248024812482248324842485248624872488248924902491249224932494249524962497249824992500250125022503250425052506250725082509251025112512251325142515251625172518251925202521252225232524252525262527252825292530253125322533253425352536253725382539254025412542254325442545254625472548254925502551255225532554255525562557255825592560256125622563256425652566256725682569257025712572257325742575257625772578257925802581258225832584258525862587258825892590259125922593259425952596259725982599260026012602260326042605260626072608260926102611261226132614261526162617261826192620262126222623262426252626262726282629263026312632263326342635263626372638263926402641264226432644264526462647264826492650265126522653265426552656265726582659266026612662266326642665266626672668266926702671267226732674267526762677267826792680268126822683268426852686268726882689269026912692269326942695269626972698269927002701270227032704270527062707270827092710271127122713271427152716271727182719272027212722272327242725272627272728272927302731273227332734273527362737273827392740274127422743274427452746274727482749275027512752275327542755275627572758275927602761276227632764276527662767276827692770277127722773277427752776277727782779278027812782278327842785278627872788278927902791279227932794279527962797279827992800280128022803280428052806280728082809281028112812281328142815281628172818281928202821282228232824282528262827282828292830283128322833283428352836283728382839284028412842284328442845284628472848284928502851285228532854285528562857285828592860286128622863286428652866286728682869287028712872287328742875287628772878287928802881288228832884288528862887288828892890289128922893289428952896289728982899290029012902290329042905290629072908290929102911291229132914291529162917291829192920292129222923292429252926292729282929293029312932293329342935293629372938293929402941294229432944294529462947294829492950295129522953295429552956295729582959296029612962296329642965296629672968296929702971297229732974297529762977297829792980298129822983298429852986298729882989299029912992299329942995299629972998299930003001300230033004300530063007300830093010301130123013301430153016301730183019302030213022302330243025302630273028302930303031303230333034303530363037303830393040304130423043304430453046304730483049305030513052305330543055305630573058305930603061306230633064306530663067306830693070307130723073307430753076307730783079308030813082308330843085308630873088308930903091309230933094309530963097309830993100310131023103310431053106310731083109311031113112311331143115311631173118311931203121312231233124312531263127312831293130313131323133313431353136313731383139314031413142314331443145314631473148314931503151315231533154315531563157315831593160316131623163316431653166316731683169317031713172317331743175317631773178317931803181318231833184318531863187318831893190319131923193319431953196319731983199320032013202320332043205320632073208320932103211321232133214321532163217321832193220322132223223322432253226322732283229323032313232323332343235323632373238323932403241324232433244324532463247324832493250325132523253325432553256325732583259326032613262326332643265326632673268326932703271327232733274327532763277327832793280328132823283328432853286328732883289329032913292329332943295329632973298329933003301330233033304330533063307330833093310331133123313331433153316331733183319332033213322332333243325332633273328332933303331333233333334333533363337333833393340334133423343334433453346334733483349335033513352335333543355335633573358335933603361336233633364336533663367336833693370337133723373337433753376337733783379338033813382338333843385338633873388338933903391339233933394339533963397339833993400340134023403340434053406340734083409341034113412341334143415341634173418341934203421342234233424342534263427342834293430343134323433343434353436343734383439344034413442344334443445344634473448344934503451345234533454345534563457345834593460346134623463346434653466346734683469347034713472347334743475347634773478347934803481348234833484348534863487348834893490349134923493349434953496349734983499350035013502350335043505350635073508350935103511351235133514351535163517351835193520352135223523352435253526352735283529353035313532353335343535353635373538353935403541354235433544354535463547354835493550355135523553355435553556355735583559356035613562356335643565356635673568356935703571357235733574357535763577357835793580358135823583358435853586358735883589359035913592359335943595359635973598359936003601360236033604360536063607360836093610361136123613361436153616361736183619362036213622362336243625362636273628362936303631363236333634363536363637363836393640364136423643364436453646364736483649365036513652365336543655365636573658365936603661366236633664366536663667366836693670367136723673367436753676367736783679368036813682368336843685368636873688368936903691369236933694369536963697369836993700370137023703370437053706370737083709371037113712371337143715371637173718371937203721372237233724372537263727372837293730373137323733373437353736373737383739374037413742374337443745374637473748374937503751375237533754375537563757375837593760376137623763376437653766376737683769377037713772377337743775377637773778377937803781378237833784378537863787378837893790379137923793379437953796379737983799380038013802380338043805380638073808380938103811381238133814381538163817381838193820382138223823382438253826382738283829383038313832383338343835383638373838383938403841384238433844384538463847384838493850385138523853385438553856385738583859386038613862386338643865386638673868386938703871387238733874387538763877387838793880388138823883388438853886388738883889389038913892389338943895389638973898389939003901390239033904390539063907390839093910391139123913391439153916391739183919392039213922392339243925392639273928392939303931393239333934393539363937393839393940394139423943394439453946394739483949395039513952395339543955395639573958395939603961396239633964396539663967396839693970397139723973397439753976397739783979398039813982398339843985398639873988398939903991399239933994399539963997399839994000400140024003400440054006400740084009401040114012401340144015401640174018401940204021402240234024402540264027402840294030403140324033403440354036403740384039404040414042404340444045404640474048404940504051405240534054405540564057405840594060406140624063406440654066406740684069407040714072407340744075407640774078407940804081408240834084408540864087408840894090409140924093409440954096409740984099410041014102410341044105410641074108410941104111411241134114411541164117411841194120412141224123412441254126412741284129413041314132413341344135413641374138413941404141414241434144414541464147414841494150415141524153415441554156415741584159416041614162416341644165416641674168416941704171417241734174417541764177417841794180418141824183418441854186418741884189419041914192419341944195419641974198419942004201420242034204420542064207420842094210421142124213421442154216421742184219422042214222422342244225422642274228422942304231423242334234423542364237423842394240424142424243424442454246424742484249425042514252425342544255425642574258425942604261426242634264426542664267426842694270427142724273427442754276427742784279428042814282428342844285428642874288428942904291429242934294429542964297429842994300430143024303430443054306430743084309431043114312431343144315431643174318431943204321432243234324432543264327432843294330433143324333433443354336433743384339434043414342434343444345434643474348434943504351435243534354435543564357435843594360436143624363436443654366436743684369437043714372437343744375437643774378437943804381438243834384438543864387438843894390439143924393439443954396 |
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <?xml-model href="http://docbook.org/xml/5.1/rng/docbook.rng" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>
- <?xml-model href="http://docbook.org/xml/5.1/sch/docbook.sch" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>
- <chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
- version="5.1">
- <title>Restaurant</title>
- <para/>
- <section>
- <title>Objectives</title>
- <section>
- <title>General</title>
- <para>The purpose of the Restaurant Module (RST) is to acquaint you with Chinese cuisine
- and eating customs and to provide you with the linguistic skills you need to be able
- to order food in a restaurant or to dine at home.</para>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Specific</title>
- <para>When you have finished this module, you should be able to:</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Name four foods or dishes suitable as a snack or as an in-between
- meal.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Name four dishes in Chinese you might order for dinner.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Name 5 types of meat, fish or fowl.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Translate the names of 10 Chinese dishes (either soups, main courses, or
- desserts) into English.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>List the food which accompanies various main courses: rice, noodles,
- pancakes, steamed bread, flower rolls.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Order a Western-style breakfast.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Order one of the "fixed meals" offered in small restaurants.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Order Mongolian Barbecue or Mongolian Hot Pot.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Discuss with a friend what to order for a snack.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Ask for a menu and for help in reading it. Discuss with the waiter or
- waitress what the various dishes are. Ask for suggestions in ordering the
- meal.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Comment on the meal: how the dishes were made, which were most pleasing,
- and when you’ve had enough.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Ask for the check and ask to have the tip figured into the total.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Call to make reservations for a dinner party. Discuss the menu and cost of
- the dinner.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>List the different types of courses which go to make up a banquet: cold
- dishes, main courses, soups, and desserts.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Partake in a formal banquet: toasting friends, wishing them well, and
- responding to the host's hospitality.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Unit 1</title>
- <section>
- <title>Part 1</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference List</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference Notes</title>
- <section>
- <title>Notes on Part 1</title>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī</foreignphrase>: “to
- eat”. The verb “to eat” is often expressed using a general object
- compound, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī
- fàn</foreignphrase>, instead of the simple verb <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī</foreignphrase>. <informaltable
- frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ chī
- fàn le ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani"
- >你吃饭了马?</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Have you eaten? </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ hái
- méi chī fàn. </foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani"
- >我还没吃饭。</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry> I haven't eaten yet.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- <para>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">suíbiàn</foreignphrase>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">随便</foreignphrase>: This word meaning
- “as you please”, or more literally “following convenience”, has a
- variety of uses.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> Nǐ
- suíbiàn mǎi ba.</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani"
- >你随便买吧。</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Buy what you want. </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ qù
- bu qu? Suí nǐde biàn ba.</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani"
- >你去不去?随你的便吧。</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Are you going? Do what you like. </entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guōtiē</foreignphrase>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">锅贴</foreignphrase>: This has been
- translated here as “fried dumpling”, but actually a <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guōtiē</foreignphrase> differs from a
- dumpling in several respects. We usually think of a dumpling as a solid
- lump of leavened dough dropped in soup to cook. A <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guōtiē</foreignphrase>, however, is made
- of thin, unleavened dough, which serves as a wrapper for a filling. This
- filling may be Chinese cabbage, port, beef, lamb, or any combination,
- thereof. Secondly, a <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >guōtiē</foreignphrase> is not dropped in soup, but is steamed and
- fried, so that the bottom is crisp and the top is soft. </para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bāozi</foreignphrase>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">包子</foreignphrase>: This is a round
- of steamed bread filled with salty stuffing (cabbage, pork, beef,
- shrimp, etc.) or sweet stuffing (red bean puree, walnuts, almonds,
- etc.). The steamed bread is made from a raised dough and forms a thick
- bun, somewhat similar in concept to a hamburger. </para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">suān là tāng</foreignphrase>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">酸辣汤</foreignphrase>: A thick spicy
- soup made of pork, white bean curd, “red bean curd” (actually dried
- chicken or pork blood), dried tiger lily flowers, mushrooms, bamboo
- shoots and egg.</para>
- <para>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎngwǎn...</foreignphrase>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">两碗酸。。。</foreignphrase>: The word for
- “bowl”, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wǎn</foreignphrase>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">碗</foreignphrase>, is used as a
- counter here.</para>
- <section>
- <title>Dialogue Taipei</title>
- <para>A conversation in a small restaurant.</para>
- <para/>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hái yào jige bāozi,
- zěnmeyàng?</foreignphrase>: The toneless syllable <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ji-</foreignphrase> means “a few” or
- “several”. It may be difficult to distinguish between <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jige</foreignphrase>. “a few”, from
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jǐge</foreignphrase>,
- “how many” in rapid speech. Usually there will be other clues such
- as intonation and context to help you distinguish them. This is
- discussed again in Unit 3 of the Directions Module. </para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bú yào diǎn tài duō
- le.</foreignphrase>: The phrase <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bú yào</foreignphrase> is used to
- mean “don't” in sentences expressing a command. You'll learn more
- about this in the Transportation Module. The marker le for new
- situation is used here to reinforce the idea of “excessive”.
- Whenever a speaker says something is excessive, he is actually
- saying that it has BECOME excessive. </para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐmen diǎn dian
- shénme?</foreignphrase>: The first word <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diǎn</foreignphrase> is the verb “to
- order”. The second word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >diǎn</foreignphrase> (from <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìdiǎn</foreignphrase>, “a little”)
- means “some”. </para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Èrshige guōtiē, sìge
- bāozi</foreignphrase>: You can tell from the amount ordered that
- the <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guōtiē</foreignphrase>
- are more or less bite-sized, while the <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bāozi</foreignphrase> are
- larger.</para>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Dialogue Taipei</title>
- <para>A conversation between an American student and a Chinese friend in
- front of a small restaurant.</para>
- <para/>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >xiǎochìdiàn</foreignphrase>: This is a small place where you
- can grab something to eat. (<foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎochī</foreignphrase> means
- “snack”.) If you are in a city in China, you are probably not far
- from one. A <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >xiǎochīdiàn</foreignphrase> is often run by one or two people.
- It may be arranged so that the cooking area faces the street, in
- which case you'll probably walk through the kitchen as you head for
- a table. Putting the kitchen at the front, facing the street, makes
- for better ventilation and allows people on the street to see and
- smell what is being cooked. Inside you are likely to find small
- tables without tablecloths, and stools. There is generally no menu,
- but some of the dishes may be written on a blackboard or on red
- pieces of paper which are hung on the wall. Since the <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎochīdiàn</foreignphrase> is often
- a small operation, it may only offer a few things or it may
- specialize in serving one type of food, such as noodles or
- dumplings. The word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >xiǎo</foreignphrase> in <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎochīdiàn</foreignphrase>, refers
- not to the size of the establishment, but to the types of food
- offered.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen dōu yǒu
- shénme?</foreignphrase>: The word <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dōu</foreignphrase> in this sentence
- refers to the object, not the subject. In other words, the sentence
- is translated as “What all do they have?” in this context. In
- another conversation the same sentence might mean “What do they all
- have?”.</para>
- <para>This type of question with <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dōu</foreignphrase> expects an answer
- with more than one item mentioned. The <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dōu</foreignphrase> may be thought to
- refer to the object in the answer.<informaltable frame="none"
- rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ
- dōu mǎi shénme le?</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>What all did you buy?</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
- mǎile shíge bāozi, sānjīn píngguo, liùpíng
- qìshuǐ.</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>I bought ten bāozi, three catties of apples,
- six bottles of soda.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- <para>But notice that in the answer <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dōu</foreignphrase> is NOT used even
- though the object is plural in number or a series of items.</para>
- </section>
- </section>
- </section>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Part 2</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference List </title>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Reference Notes</title>
- <section>
- <title>Notes on Part 2</title>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhēng jiǎo</foreignphrase>:
- These are crescent-shaped dumplings filled with cabbage and meat which are
- steam cooked. The steaming is done by-placing the dumplings in a bamboo
- basket, which is one layer in a stack of bamboo baskets called a
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhēng lóng</foreignphrase>,
- and then placing the whole stack over a container of boiling water.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi wo lái ...</foreignphrase>:
- The verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lái</foreignphrase> here
- means not “to come” but “to bring” since it is followed by a noun. The word
- gěi is the prepositional verb “for”.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìlóng zhēng
- jiǎo</foreignphrase>: Steamed dumplings are sold by the basket and
- served in the basket that they are steamed in. The word for one tier of such
- baskets is used as a counter, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >-lòng</foreignphrase> (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >yìlòng</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >liànglòng</foreignphrase>. etc.).</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tāng miàn</foreignphrase>: This
- is the name for a class of dishes made of noodles and soup. Unlike the
- Western idea of soup with some noodles, <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tāng miàn</foreignphrase> is basically
- noodles with some soup added. Because Northern China is a wheat growing
- area, noodles are a staple in the diet of that region. A bowl of noodles can
- be used to make a side dish for a large meal, or, with a little soup and
- meat added, can be a meal in itself. Noodles are commonly made in
- six-to-ten-foot lengths in China, and are regarded as a symbol of
- longevity.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎo miàn</foreignphrase>: One
- of the verbs translated “to fry” is <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎo</foreignphrase>. It is also sometimes
- translated as “stir fry”. The Chinese language has several verbs meaning “to
- fry”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Chǎo</foreignphrase> means
- to fry in a little oil, stirring rapidly and constantly, not unlike
- sautéing.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niúròu miàn</foreignphrase>:
- This dish consists of noodles in soup with pieces of beef. The word for
- “beef” is <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niúròu</foreignphrase>,
- literally “cow”, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >niú</foreignphrase> and “meat”, <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ròu</foreignphrase>. In the names of Chinese
- dishes, the thing the dish is primarily composed of, in this case noodles,
- is at the end of the phrase. Those words coming before describe the
- additional foods with which the dish is prepared or the style in which it is
- prepared.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǎozi</foreignphrase>: A
- crescent-shaped dumpling, made of white dough and stuffed with a mixture of
- meat and scallions or mixed vegetables. <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jiǎozi</foreignphrase> may be served steamed,
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhēng jiǎo</foreignphrase> or
- boiled, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuǐ jiǎo</foreignphrase>.
- It is said that Marco Polo took the idea of these dumplings back to Italy
- inspiring the creation of ravioli.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ròusī miàn</foreignphrase>: This
- is noodles in soup with shreds of pork and vegetables. Actually, the word
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ròu</foreignphrase> means
- simply “meat”, not “pork”. But the basic meat of China has always been pork,
- and therefore <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ròu</foreignphrase>
- on a menu refers to pork unless otherwise specified.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shénmede</foreignphrase>: This
- word, used after a series of nouns, means “and so on” or
- “etcetera”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qìshuǐ,
- píjiǔ, shénmede dōu děi mǎi.</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>We need to buy soda, beer, and so on.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Dialogue Taipei</title>
- <para>A conversation between a waiter and a customer at a small eatery.</para>
- <para/>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duōshaoge</foreignphrase>: The
- word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duōshao</foreignphrase> may
- be used either with or without a counter.</para>
- <para/>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sānxiān</foreignphrase>: This
- word occurs in the names of rice dishes, noodle dishes and soups. It can be
- roughly translated as “three delicacies”, more literally, “three fresh”. It
- means that the dish is made with two different meats, such as chicken and
- pork, and a seafood, such as shrimp, in addition to the vegetables.</para>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Dialogue Taipei</title>
- <para>A conversation at another small eatery.</para>
- <para/>
- </section>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Part 3</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference List</title>
- <para/>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Reference Notes</title>
- <section>
- <title>Notes on Part 3</title>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎo jīdàn</foreignphrase>: This
- is literally translated as “fried eggs”. Since <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎo</foreignphrase> means “to stir fry”,
- however, it actually refers to scrambled eggs.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kǎo miànbāo</foreignphrase>:
- “Toast”. This phrase is the verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >kǎo</foreignphrase> “to roast” and the word for “bread”, <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">miànbāo</foreignphrase>.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng zài lái...</foreignphrase>:
- Here again you see the verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >lái</foreignphrase> used to mean “bring”. The word <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài</foreignphrase> is the adverb “again”.
- Literally translated, this phrase means something like “Please again
- bring...”. This is the standard way to ask someone to bring more of
- something.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shāobing</foreignphrase>: This
- is a baked roll with layers of dough and covered with sesame seeds. It comes
- in two shapes, one oblong and the other round like an English muffin, only
- not as thick. It is usually eaten at breakfast.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎnggēn
- yóutiáo</foreignphrase>: This is a long, twisted, puffy roll which is
- deep-fried. It resembles a cruller, but it is not sweet. Literally, the name
- means “oil stick”. It is usually eaten at breakfast, along with
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòujiāng</foreignphrase> and
- perhaps a <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >shǎobing</foreignphrase>. The counter for long, thin objects, like
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yóutiáo</foreignphrase> is
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-gēn</foreignphrase>.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòujiāng</foreignphrase>: This
- is a liquid produced when bean curd, <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòufu</foreignphrase>, is made from soybeans.
- It is white, resembling milk, and high in protein. It may be flavored so
- that it is sweet or salty. It is sometimes called soybean milk.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tiánde/xiānde</foreignphrase>:
- Many foods in China such as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >bāozi</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >dòujiāng</foreignphrase> come in two sorts: <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tiánde</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiānde</foreignphrase>. Although the Chinese
- categorize foods as either salty or sweet, this does not mean that food
- which is labeled “salty” is terribly salty. Sometimes the label “salty”
- simply means “not sweet”.</para>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Dialogue Peking</title>
- <para>A conversation at the Peking Hotel.</para>
- <para/>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
- <para>Breakfast at the Peking Hotel: The Peking Hotel is said to have the best
- Western style food in the city. While they serve both Western and Chinese style
- lunches and dinners, they are not always prepared to serve certain kinds of
- Chinese breakfast foods, such as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >shāobing</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >yóutiáo</foreignphrase>. If you would like to eat these typical Chinese
- breakfast foods you should ask in advance.</para>
- <para/>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīfàn</foreignphrase>: This is
- another breakfast food. It is a white porridge made of rice and water. In the
- northern parts of China it is eaten along with salted pickles, ham, salted
- vegetables, salted eggs or peanuts.</para>
- <para/>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mántou</foreignphrase>: “Steamed
- bread”. While the word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >miànbāo</foreignphrase> refers to Western style bread, <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mántou</foreignphrase> refers to a Chinese
- version of bread, a large steamed roll made of white dough. It is heavy and
- moist with no crust.</para>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Unit Vocabulary List</title>
- <para>
- <informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup cols="3">
- <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
- <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
- <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bāozi</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">包子</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> steamed rolls made of bread dough with a filling of meat
- and/or vegetables, or sweet bean paste. </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">càidānzi
- (yìzhāng)</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">菜单子(一张)</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> menu </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎo</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">炒</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> fried, to fry, sauté </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎo
- miàn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">炒面</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> fried noodles </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">吃</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to eat </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diǎn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">点</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to order </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >dòujiāng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">豆浆</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> soy bean milk, soy milk </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi nín
- yùbei</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">给您预备</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to prepare for you </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi wǒ lái
- (...)</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">给我来(。。。) </foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> bring me (something) </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guōtiē</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">锅贴</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> steam-fried dumplings </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hē</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">喝</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to drink </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huǒtuǐ</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">火腿</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> ham </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-jiǎo</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">-饺</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> dumpling </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǎozi</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">饺子</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> boiled dumpling </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jīdàn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鸡蛋</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> (chicken) egg </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">júzi
- shuǐ</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">桔子水</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> orangeade, orange juice </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāfēi</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">咖啡</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> coffee </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kǎo</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">烤</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> roasted, toasted </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">là</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">辣</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> peppery-hot </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mántou</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">馒头</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> steamed bread </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">miàn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">面</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> noodles </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >miànbāo</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">面包</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> bread </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niúròu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">牛肉</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> beef </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niúròu
- miàn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">牛肉面</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> soup-noodles with beef </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">páigǔ
- miàn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">排骨面</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> soup-noodles with a pork chop </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng zài
- lái...</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">请在来。。。</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> Please bring another... </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ròusī chǎo
- miàn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肉丝炒面</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> fried noodles with shreds of pork </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ròusi
- miàn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肉丝面</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> soup-noodles with shreds of pork </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sānxiān chǎo
- miàn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">三鲜炒面</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> noodles fried with three fresh things </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >shāobing</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">饼</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> sesame rolls </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >...shénmede</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">。。。什么的</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> ...and so on </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >shuǐguǒ</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">水果</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> fruit </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">suān</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">酸</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to he sour </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >suíbiàn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani"> 随便</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> as you like </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tāng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">汤</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> soup </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tāng
- miàn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">汤面</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> soup-noodles </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tián</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">甜</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to be sweet </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xián</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">咸</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to be salty </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >xiāngjiāo</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">香蕉</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> banana </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīfàn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">稀饭</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> gruel of rice and water </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >xīhóngshìzhī</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">西红柿汁</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> tomato juice </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yàngzi</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">样子</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> kind, variety </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìlóng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">*笼</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> a tier of a steamer </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >yóutiáo</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">油条</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> deep-fried twist </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhēng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">蒸</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to cook something hy steaming </entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Unit 2</title>
- <section>
- <title>Part 1</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference List</title>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Notes on Part 1</title>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kèfàn</foreignphrase>: This refers
- to a type of meal in which soup, a main dish, rice and tea are all served for
- one price. Much of the meal is prepared ahead of time, which makes it quick,
- convenient and inexpensive for the customer. It is referred to here as a “fixed
- meal”. Other translations are “fixed dinner”, “blue plate special” and
- “combination plate”.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kèfàn jiù yǒu yìzhǒng
- ma?</foreignphrase>: When you ask this question, the person you are speaking
- to might think you are asking about the different price categories that
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kèfàn</foreignphrase> is available
- in. Restaurants which offer <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >kèfàn</foreignphrase> often have an inexpensive, a moderate and a
- top-of-the-line <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kèfàn</foreignphrase>
- each day.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cài</foreignphrase>: This is the
- word for any dish which is not soup, rice or noodles.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yòng</foreignphrase>: Like the word
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase>, “to give”,
- the word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yòng</foreignphrase> can act
- as either a full verb or a prepositional verb. As a full verb, it means “to
- use”. As a prepositional verb, it means “with”. Here are some examples of both
- usages.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ kéyi yòng
- wǒde diànshàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>You can use my electric fan.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā yòng kuàizi
- chī fàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>He eats with chopsticks.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jī</foreignphrase>: While often the
- word for a type of meat, such as “beef”, <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niúròu</foreignphrase>, contains the syllable
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ròu</foreignphrase>, “meat”, the
- word for chicken does not.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàcì</foreignphrase>: The words for
- “last time”, “this time” and “next time” are formed according to the same
- principle as you've learned for other time words, like “last week” and “last
- month”.</para>
- <para>
- <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >shàngcì</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- <entry>last time</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shàngge
- xīngqī</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- <entry>last week</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shàngge
- yuè</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- <entry>last month</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >zhècì</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- <entry>this time</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhège
- xīngqī</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- <entry>this week</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhège
- yuè</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- <entry>this month</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >xiàcì</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- <entry>next time</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàge
- xīngqī</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- <entry>next week</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàge
- yuè</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- <entry>next month</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </para>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Dialogue Taipei</title>
- <para>A conversation between an American woman and a Chinese friend, who are out to
- eat on their lunch hour.</para>
- <para/>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nà</foreignphrase>: At the beginning
- of the sentence, nà means “then” or “well then”.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yǒu sān-sìzhǒng</foreignphrase>:
- “three or four kinds”. Two consecutive numbers may be used together to give the
- idea of an approximate figure. The exception to this rule is that 10 and
- multiples of 10 can not combine with the number coming immediately before or
- after them. You will learn this in more detail in the Transportation
- Module.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hǎo. Nǐ yào yíge qīngjiāo
- niúròu.</foreignphrase>: While at an informal meal each person at the table
- may choose one of the dishes, everyone at a Chinese meal eats from all the
- dishes, which are put in the center of the table.</para>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Dialogue Taipei</title>
- <para>A conversation in a small restaurant.</para>
- <para/>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hǎo bu hǎochī?</foreignphrase>: The
- compound <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hǎochī</foreignphrase>, “to
- be tasty”, can be broken apart to form a question.</para>
- <para>Kèfàn dōu yǒu shénme yàngde cài<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >?</foreignphrase>: The adverb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >dōu</foreignphrase> in this sentence refers to the plural subject
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kèfàn</foreignphrase>, “fixed
- dinners”.</para>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Part 2</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference List</title>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Reference Notes</title>
- <section>
- <title>Notes on Part 2</title>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiārén</foreignphrase>: This
- word refers to small shrimp without shells.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòufu</foreignphrase>: “Bean
- curd”. This is a soft white substance made from soybeans, with the
- consistency of jello or custard. It has only a faint taste, but is rich in
- protein and minerals. It is a staple found all over the Orient and may be
- found in everyday food as well as festive foods.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bú cuò</foreignphrase>: This
- phrase is used for “not bad”, in the sense of “pretty good”, “pretty well”,
- “all right”.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bié kèqi</foreignphrase>:
- Because this phrase is one of the most basic phrases in the system of
- Chinese customs and manner, it is difficult to translate. Here, it may be
- translated as “Don't be formal.” or “Don't stand on ceremony.” But it should
- be viewed in context to determine its full meaning.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǎo</foreignphrase>: This is an
- adjectival verb meaning “to be satisfied”, literally “to be full”.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ duō chī
- yìdiǎn</foreignphrase>: Notice the word order of this sentence. The word
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duō</foreignphrase> is used as
- an adverb, and therefore precedes the verb <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī</foreignphrase>. The word <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìdiǎn</foreignphrase> is used as the object
- of the action and therefore follows the verb.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zài chī</foreignphrase>: The
- word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài</foreignphrase> can be
- used as a marker of ongoing action. You’ll learn more about this in the
- Meeting Module.</para>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Dialogue Taipei</title>
- <para/>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nī zài diǎn yíge
- ba.</foreignphrase>: The word zài here means “additionally” or
- “more”.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xiǎng tài duō le, Bú yào cài
- le ba.</foreignphrase>; Here are two examples of the marker le for new
- situations. In the first sentence it is necessary to use le to indicate that
- the food order has now become too much. In the second sentence, it is
- necessary to use the marker le to indicate that the meat and vegetable is
- not wanted anymore.</para>
- <para/>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Dialogue Taipei</title>
- <para>At another small restaurant.</para>
- <para/>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài lai yíge tāng,
- zěnmeyàng?</foreignphrase>: Here you see another example of the word
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài</foreignphrase>. meaning
- “additionally” or “more”.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ xiǎng bu xiang chī dian
- tiǎnde dōngxi?</foreignphrase>: The Chinese are not accustomed to eating
- desserts as are some other cultures. While they have invented some rather
- delicious desserts, these are usually served only at more formal dinners. At
- a modest meal or in a <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >xiǎochīdiàn</foreignphrase>, the only dessert available is probably
- fruit.</para>
- </section>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Part 3</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference List</title>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Reference Notes</title>
- <section>
- <title>Notes on Part 3</title>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhīdao</foreignphrase>: The verb
- “to know”, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhīdao</foreignphrase>
- is a state verb and therefore can be negated, only with the syllable
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >bù</foreignphrase>.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zuótian
- bù zhīdao tā zài nār.</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Yesterday I didn’t know where he was.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- <para>Notice also that the verb “to know, <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhīdao</foreignphrase>, has a neutral tone on
- the last syllable. But when it is negated, the verb “to know” has tones on
- all syllables,<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> bù
- zhīdào</foreignphrase>.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ jiàode tài duō
- le.</foreignphrase>: “You've ordered too much.” A more literal
- translation might be “What you’ve ordered is too much. The phrase
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ jiàode</foreignphrase> is a
- modifying phrase with the modified noun (perhaps “food” or “dishes”)
- deleted.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Mápó dòufu</foreignphrase>: This
- is a peppery hot dish made of bean curd, finely chopped beef or pork and hot
- bean paste. This dish is typical of the Szechuan style of cooking, which is
- noted for hot spicy dishes.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yúxiāng qiézi</foreignphrase>:
- This name literally means “fragrant-fish eggplant”. However, there is no
- fish used in the preparation of the dish. It is made with scallions, ginger,
- garlic, hot bean paste, vinegar and soy sauce. <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yúxiāng</foreignphrase> refers to a famous
- Szechuan manner of preparation which was originally used to make fish
- dishes, but was later applied to other foods, such as pork, beef, and
- eggplant.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jīdīng</foreignphrase>: Earlier
- you saw the word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >jīpiān</foreignphrase>, “chicken slices”, now you see the word
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jīdīng</foreignphrase>, which
- means “chicken cubes” or “diced chicken. Both are commonly used in the names
- of dishes.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngbǎo jīdīng</foreignphrase>:
- This is a famous dish which originated in Szechuan. It is made with diced
- chicken, bamboo shoots, scallions, red peppers, soy sauce, and
- garlic.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiārén guōba
- tāng</foreignphrase>: This is a shrimp and tomato soup into which
- squares of dried crispy rice are dropped. These squares of rice bear some
- resemblance to “rice crisps”. They are the crisp browned part of the rice
- left at the bottom of the pot. As the crispy rice squares are poured into
- the hot soup, a sizzling, crackling sound is given off.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">básī píngguo</foreignphrase>:
- This is a dessert made of apple slices Which are covered with a light batter
- and deep fried. The fried apples are then dipped in a hot mixture of
- sugar-syrup and sesame seeds. The apples are coated much in the same way
- taffy apples are. These hot sugar-coated apples are then dropped into a bowl
- of ice water, which hardens the sugar syrup covering into a crisp candy
- coating. The result is a dessert which combines a number of textures and
- tastes. The name for this dessert is translated many ways: “spun taffy
- apples”, “caramel apple fritters”, “pulled silk apples”. Bananas can also be
- prepared in this way.</para>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Dialogue Taipei</title>
- <para>A conversation between two Chinese friends who are out to dinner in a
- Szechwan restaurant.</para>
- <para/>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
- <para>Dinner in a Szechuan Restaurant; China has a rich and varied tradition of
- cooking, due to the size of the country, the many different foods available,
- and the long history of its culture. The numerous styles of cooking may be
- grouped into the following schools: The Northern School (<foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīng cài</foreignphrase>), The Sichuan School
- (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Chuān Cài</foreignphrase>),
- The <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Húnán</foreignphrase> School
- (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiāng Cài</foreignphrase>),
- The <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shànghǎi</foreignphrase>
- School (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hù Cài</foreignphrase>).
- The <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fújiàn</foreignphrase> School
- (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Mǐn Cài</foreignphrase>), The
- Canton School (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yuè
- Cài</foreignphrase>), each with its own distinct style and famous
- dishes. It is common to find restaurants representing most of these schools
- of cooking in many cities in China.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dāngrán hái yào yíge
- tāng</foreignphrase>: The speaker says “Naturally we'll also want a
- soup.” because soup is a part of every Chinese meal, from the simplest lunch
- to the most elaborate dinner. The reason for this is that, unless toasts are
- being drunk, the Chinese do not drink beverages along with their meal. The
- soup, which is served at the end of the meal, is the main liquid of the
- meal.</para>
- <para/>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sháor
- (sháozi)/tiáogēng</foreignphrase>: The word <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sháor</foreignphrase> is used more in Peking,
- while <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tiáogēng</foreignphrase> is
- used in other parts of the country, too.</para>
- </section>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Unit Vocabulary List</title>
- <para>
- <informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup cols="3">
- <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
- <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
- <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >shàngcì</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">上次</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> last time </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shàngge
- xīngqī</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">上个星期</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> last week </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shàngge
- yuè</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">上个月</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> last month </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhècì</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">这次</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> this time </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhège
- xīngqī</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">这个星期</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> this week </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhège
- yuè</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">这个月</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> this month </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàcì</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">下次</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> next time </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàge
- xīngqī</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">下个星期</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> next week </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàge
- yuè</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">下个月</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> next month </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">báicài</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">白菜</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> cabbage </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǎo</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">饱</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to be satisfied </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">biéde</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">别的</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> other, different </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bié
- kèqi</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">别客气</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> don't be formal; don't stand on ceremony </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bú cuò</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">不错</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> “not bad”, in the sense of “pretty good”, “pretty well”
- </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cài</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">蔡</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> main dishes, food </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chāzi</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">叉子</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> fork </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >dāngrán</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">当然</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> naturally, of course </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dāozi</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">刀子</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> knife </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòufu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">豆腐</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> soy bean curd </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fānqié</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">番茄</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> tomato </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hǎochī</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">好吃</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to be tasty, good to eat </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jī</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鸡</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> chicken </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >jiǎndānde</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">简单的</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> something simple </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiào</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">叫</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to order </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jīdīng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鸡丁</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> diced chicken </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jīpiàn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鸡片</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> chicken slices </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kèfàn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani"/>
- </entry>
- <entry> “fixed meal”, a type of meal in which soup, a main dish,
- rice and tea are all served for one price. </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qiézi</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">茄子</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> eggplant </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >qingjiāo</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">青椒</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> green pepper </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shàor</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">勺儿</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> spoon </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >tiàogēng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">调羹</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> spoon </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàci</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">下次</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> next time </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiārén</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">虾仁</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> shrimp </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >xihóngshì</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">西红柿</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> tomato </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xuédòu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">雪豆</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> snow peas </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >yìzhǒng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一种</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> a kind, one kind </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yòng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">用</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to use; with </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yòng
- kuàizi</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">用筷子</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to use chopsticks; with chopsticks </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >zhàngdānzi</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">账单子</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> check </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhīdao</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">知道</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to know </entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Unit 3</title>
- <para/>
- <section>
- <title>Part 1</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference List</title>
- <para/>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Reference Notes</title>
- <section>
- <title>Notes on Part 1</title>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāndedǒng</foreignphrase>: This
- is a compound verb of result meaning “can read and understand (it)”. Its
- negative counterpart is <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >kànbudǒng</foreignphrase>, “can’t read and understand (it)”. See
- Meeting Module. Reference Notes for Unit 1 for a discussion of compound
- verbs of result.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā xiěde
- zì, wǒ kānbudǒng.</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>I can't read (understand) his writing.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Huánghuā Yú</foreignphrase>: The
- Seiaena Schelegelì is translated here as “yellow fish”. It is sometimes
- referred to in Chinese as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huáng
- yú</foreignphrase>. In English, it is also called croaker, drum fish, or
- China Bass. Since the <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huánghuā
- yú</foreignphrase> is a fish native to China, any American fish name
- given to it, such as croaker, is at best only a rough equivalent.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hóngshāo Yú</foreignphrase>: The
- “red-cooked” style of cooking involves stewing the meat, or in this case,
- the fish, in soy sauce, sherry and water. It is called “red-cooked” because
- of the reddish-brown color the soy sauce gives the dish.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Cōngbào Niúròu</foreignphrase>:
- Beef with Spring Onions. Literally, this means “spring onions-fried beef”.
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bào</foreignphrase> is another
- method of cooking. It is similar to <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎo</foreignphrase> “sauté”, but uses less
- oil and highest heat.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhàci Ròusī
- Tāng</foreignphrase>: Although translated here as “Szechuan Hot Pickled
- Cabbage,” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhàci</foreignphrase> is
- properly made from mustard green roots preserved with salt and hot pepper.
- It can be used to flavor foods or it can be eaten by itself.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǐfǎn</foreignphrase>: This word
- refers to cooked rice. It can also refer to rice dishes, such as
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎo
- fàn</foreignphrase>.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huājuǎr</foreignphrase>:
- Flower-rolls are made of steamed bread, which has been shaped into layers
- resembling petals.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">suàn yíxià
- zhàng</foreignphrase>: The verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >suàn</foreignphrase> means “to figure, to calculate”. <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Suàn zhàng </foreignphrase>means “to figure
- accounts”, “to calculate the bill”. Here the word <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yíxià</foreignphrase> follows the verb. The
- use of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yíxià</foreignphrase> after
- a verb has an effect similar to reduplicating the verb, that is it makes the
- action more casual.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài hēibǎnshang xiězhe
- ne</foreignphrase>: <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >-Zhe</foreignphrase> is the marker of DURATION of actions and states.
- It indicates that an action or state lasted for an amount of time. The
- marker ne, on the other hand, marks ONGOING (and therefore present) actions
- or states. In this expression the marker <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhe</foreignphrase> tells us that at some
- time the dishes CONTINUE in the state of being written on the blackboard,
- and the marker <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ne</foreignphrase>
- tells us that state is GOING ON now. <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-Zhe</foreignphrase> is used in sentences to
- describe activities which last over a period of time, whether that time is
- past, present or future. A verb plus <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhe</foreignphrase> in Chinese often
- corresponds to the “-ing” form of the verb in English.<informaltable
- frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zǒuzhe qù
- kéyi ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Can you get there by walking?</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmen
- zuòzhe shuō huà, hǎo bu hao?</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Let's sit awhile and talk, okay?</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Míngtian
- wǎnshang, wǒmen shi zuòzhe chī, háishi zhànzhe
- chī?</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Tomorrow night will it be a sit-down dinner or will
- we eat standing up?</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā hái
- bìngzhe ne.</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>He is still sick.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngnóngbíng</foreignphrase>:
- This expression is a conglomeration of the words for “worker”,
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngren</foreignphrase>,
- “farmer”, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nóngmín</foreignphrase>,
- and “soldier”, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >bìng</foreignphrase>. Notice that the first syllable (or only syllable)
- of each is used to make this abbreviated form.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chīdelái</foreignphrase>: This
- is a compound verb of result with the syllable -de- inserted between the
- action verb and the ending verb. This pattern is used to express the meaning
- “able to ____”. Usually the second verb of the compound expresses the
- specific result of the action, but here the verb <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lái</foreignphrase> expresses only the
- general idea of result. (The verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >lái</foreignphrase> in this position has been called a “dummy result
- ending”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qù</foreignphrase> can
- also be used this way.) Although no specific result is expressed here, the
- pattern is still used because it expresses the idea of “can” or “able
- to”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Měiguo cài,
- wǒ zuòdelúi; Zhōngguo cài, wǒ
- zuòbulái.</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>I can cook American food, I can't cook Chinese
- food.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Měiguo cài,
- wǒ huì zuò; Zhōngguo cài, wǒ bú huì
- zuò.</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>I can cook American food, I can't cook Chinese
- food.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- <para/>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Dialogue Peking</title>
- <para>Three American women, who have spent the morning sightseeing, enter a
- cafeteria in a park. It is lunchtime and there are many people. As the women
- get in line to order, an attendant in the cafeteria comes up to them.</para>
- <para/>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Notes after Dialogue in Part 1</title>
- <para>Notice that in this situation the cafeteria attendant does not let the
- foreigners stand in line for their food. Instead he waits on them getting
- them special food when possible. The Chinese feel that foreigners are their
- guests and should be treated accordingly.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ bù dōu
- kàndedǒng</foreignphrase>: Notice that the American woman chooses a
- rather indirect way of letting the Chinese attendant know that she cannot
- read. In the lines following, the attendant answers back simply suggesting
- some of the more tasty dishes, a courteous and face-saving response.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Huì yòng, kěshi yòngde bú tài
- hǎo</foreignphrase>: This is another courteous response. Here the
- American lets it be known that they can handle chopsticks, but does so
- modestly.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Chīdelái ba?</foreignphrase>:
- Literally, “Was it edible?” or “Could you eat it?”</para>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Dialogue in Taipei</title>
- <para>Three friends enter a restaurant in downtown Taipei at lunchtime. A waiter
- comes up to them.</para>
- <para/>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Notes after Dialogue in Part 1</title>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmen gāng cóng Mèiguo
- lái</foreignphrase>: In this sentence and the ones which follow the
- American modestly explains their situation and then asks for help. The
- waiter replies in a friendly and polite manner.</para>
- </section>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Part 2</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference List</title>
- <para/>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Reference Notes</title>
- <section>
- <title>Notes on Part 2</title>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒumíng</foreignphrase>: “To be
- famous”, literally, “to have a name”, is always negated with <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méi</foreignphrase>.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kǎo Yángròu</foreignphrase>:
- This is Mongolian Barbecued Lamb. It is thin slices of lamb dipped in a
- sauce of soy sauce, scallions, Chinese parsley, sugar, and sherry, and other
- condiments you can mix to your own taste, then grilled quickly over high
- heat. This meal is prepared at specialty restaurants which usually serve
- little else.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shuàn Yángròu</foreignphrase>:
- This meal requires that a pot with a source of heat beneath it
- (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huǒguō</foreignphrase>,
- literally “fire pot”) be placed in the middle of the table. Usually the pot
- is shaped in a ring with a chimney containing the heat source in the center.
- Each guest cooks his meat and vegetables in the boiling water of the fire
- pot, often with four or five people simultaneously keeping track of their
- food as it is cooking. After his meat is cooked he then dips it into various
- sauces and eats it. By the end of the meal, the water in the pot has become
- a highly flavored soup. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >Fěnsī</foreignphrase> (see below) and vegetables are then dropped into
- it, and it is eaten.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chúle...yǐwài</foreignphrase>:
- This pattern is used to express the idea “except for...”, “besides...”, or
- “aside from...”. The second part, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >yǐwài</foreignphrase>, is sometimes omitted.<informaltable frame="none"
- rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ chúle
- mǎi yìběn shū, hái yào mǎi yìběn
- zázhì.</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>In addition to buying one book, I also want to buy
- one magazine.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fěnsī</foreignphrase>: These are
- called “cellophane noodles” because their appearance is clear and
- glass-like. They are made from pea-starch and are sometimes called
- pea-starch noodles.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuóliào</foreignphrase>: This
- refers to various sauces used to dip the lamb in, and therefore translates
- as “condiment”. In other contexts, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >zuóliào</foreignphrase> can mean “ingredient”.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuōde wǒ dōu è
- le</foreignphrase>: Here you see a verb, <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuō</foreignphrase>, the syllable de, and
- the result of the action of talking (<foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wǒ dōu è le.</foreignphrase>) A literal
- translation of the expression might be “Talk to (the point that) I'm already
- hungry.” The marker de carries the meaning “to the point of”, “to the extent
- that” in this expression.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāng cài</foreignphrase>: A
- coarse, leafy, strong tasting type of parsley.</para>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Dialogue in Peking</title>
- <para>This conversation takes place in late spring in Peking. A foreign student
- talks with a few of his Chinese classmates.</para>
- <para/>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Dialogue in Taipei</title>
- <para>This conversation takes place in winter in Taipei. A foreign student and
- some of his Chinese classmates are in a northern Chinese restaurant, waiting
- for the food to come.</para>
- <para/>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Notes after Dialogue in Part 2</title>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">běifāng cài</foreignphrase>: The
- syllable <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-fāng</foreignphrase>
- means “place” or “region”. It is added to direction words to form the name
- of a place. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běifāng
- cài</foreignphrase> refers to Northern Chinese cuisine. <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nánfāng cài</foreignphrase> refers to cuisine
- south of the Yangtze river, including the Shanghai school of cooking and the
- Cantonese school of cooking. </para>
- </section>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Part 3</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference List</title>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Reference Notes</title>
- <section>
- <title>Notes in Part 3</title>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">báobǐng</foreignphrase>: These
- are thin, wheat cakes, usually rolled out and cooked in pairs that are
- separated before use. They resemble thin, French crepes in appearance. They
- are eaten with dishes instead of rice.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Mùxu Ròu</foreignphrase>: This
- is a pork dish cooked with egg. It is eaten with <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">báobǐng</foreignphrase>. A spoonful of
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Mùxu Ròu</foreignphrase> is
- placed in the middle of a <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >báobǐng</foreignphrase>. Then it is rolled up and eaten.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sùcài</foreignphrase>: This is a
- vegetable dish made with no meat sauces or flavorings at all, and is
- therefore correctly called a vegetarian vegetable dish. Although
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sùcài</foreignphrase> are made
- without the use of meat sauces or meat flavorings, they are often artfully
- seasoned and formed in such a way that they resemble meat very
- closely.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāng</foreignphrase>: This is
- the adjectival verb “to be fragrant”. <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhège sùcài hěn xiāng.</foreignphrase>, could
- also be translated as “This vegetarian vegetable dish has a good aroma”. The
- verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāng</foreignphrase> is
- often used when talking about food to refer to dishes with garlic or
- ginger.</para>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Dialogue in Taipei</title>
- <para>Miss Wang invites an American couple, Mr. and Mrs. White to her apartment
- for dinner. They are just sitting down to dinner.</para>
- </section>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Unit Vocabulary List</title>
- <para>
- <informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup cols="3">
- <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
- <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
- <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >báobǐng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">薄饼</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> thin rolled, wheat-flour pancake </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >chīdelái</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">吃的来</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> Is it all right for you (to eat)? </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chúle ...,
- cīwài</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">除了。。。,此外</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> aside from, in addition to </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cōng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">葱</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> scallion </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cōngbào
- niúròu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">葱爆牛肉</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> beef with spring onions </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cù</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">醋</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> vinegar </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòufu
- fǔ</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">豆腐腐</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> fermented bean curd sauce </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">è</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">饿</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to be hungry </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fěnsī</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">粉丝</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> cellophane noodles </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >gōngnóngbīng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">工农兵</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> workers, farmers, soldiers </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hēibǎn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">黑板</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> blackboard </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >hóngbīnlóu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鸿宾楼</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> name of a restaurant </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hóngshāo
- yú</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">红烧鱼</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> red-cooked fish </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >huājuǎn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">花卷</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> flower-rolls </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huánghuā
- yú</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">黄鱼 </foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> yellow fish </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huímín</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">回民</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> moslem </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiànyì</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">建议</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> proposal, suggestion </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiàng
- yóu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">酱油</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> soy sauce </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juéde</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">觉得</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to feel that </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kǎo</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">烤</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to roast </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kǎo
- yángròu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">烤羊肉</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> Mongolian barbecued lamb </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǐfàn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">米饭</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> rice (cooked) </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mùxu
- ròu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">牧畜肉</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> moshi pork (pork fried with eggs) and served with báobǐng
- </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >qīngdòu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">青豆</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> green peas </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qingdòu
- xiārén</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">青豆虾仁</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> shrimp with green peas </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >shítáng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">食堂</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> eating hall </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuàn
- yángròu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">涮羊肉</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> Mongolian (Lamb) Hot Pot </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">suàn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">算</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to calculate, figure out </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">suàn
- zhàng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">算账</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to figure out the check </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sùcài</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">素菜</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> vegetable dishes </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tángcù</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">糖醋</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> sweet and sour </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tángcù
- báicài</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">糖醋白菜</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> sweet and sour cabbage </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-wèi</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一位人</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> counter for persons (polite) </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wèizi</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">位子</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> seat, place </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">香</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to be fragrant </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >xiāngcài</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">香菜</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> Chinese parsley </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >xiāngyóu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">香油</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> sesame oil </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >xiǎofèi</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">小费</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> tip, gratuity </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >xínxian</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">新鲜</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to be fresh </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >yángròu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">羊肉</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> lamb </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >yǒumíng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">又名</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to be famous </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhācāi</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">榨菜</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> hot pickled, cabbage (Szechwan) </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhe</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">着</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> marker of DURATION of an action </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhīma
- jiàng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">芝麻酱</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> sesame paste </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zìjǐ</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">自己</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> oneself </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >zuóliào</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">佐料</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> condiments, ingredients </entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Unit 4</title>
- <section>
- <title>Part 1</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference List</title>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Reference Notes</title>
- <section>
- <title>Notes on Part 1</title>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dìng yìzhuō xí</foreignphrase>;
- “To arrange a formal dinner”, more literally “to make arrangements for a one
- table banquet”. The counter for <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >xí</foreignphrase>, “a feast or banquet”, is <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhuō</foreignphrase>, “table”.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duōshao qiánde
- biāozhǔn</foreignphrase>: “What price level”. <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Biāozhún</foreignphrase> literally means
- “standard”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Duōshao qiánde
- biāozhǔn</foreignphrase> could also be translated more literally as “a
- standard costing how much”, where <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >duōshao qián</foreignphrase> “how much does it cost?” modifies
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">biāozhǔn</foreignphrase>,
- “standard'.” You will also hear <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >duōshao qián biāozhǔnde</foreignphrase>, with the marker de placed at
- the end of the phrase. In this case the whole phrase “what price level”
- modifies the noun <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >jiǔxí</foreignphrase>, “banquet”, which has been left out of the
- sentence because it is understood.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kè</foreignphrase>: This word
- for guest is interchangeable with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >kèren</foreignphrase>.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duōbàn</foreignphrase>: “Most
- of...”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Duōbàn</foreignphrase> is
- a noun and is used in the subject position.</para>
- <para>
- <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen
- duōbàn dōu bú qù.</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Most of them are not going.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Duōbàn shi
- niàn Zhōngwén ne.</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Most of them are studying Chinese.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ràng wǒmen
- pěi...</foreignphrase>: “Have us select...”, or more literally “allow us
- to select...”. The verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >pěi</foreignphrase> means “to match”. Dishes are matched to make a
- formal menu in Chinese.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lěngpán</foreignphrase>: “Cold
- dishes” or appetizers start off the menu in a formal Chinese dinner. Four
- cold dishes followed by six to eight main courses, a soup and a dessert is
- one type of menu arrangement used for formal dinners. Four cold dishes, four
- sautéed dishes and four main dishes, soup and dessert in another type of
- formal menu.</para>
- <para>Cold dishes are usually prepared so as to be pleasing to the eye as well
- as the palate. Cold cooked meats and vegetables are arranged in colorful
- designs.</para>
- <para>jiǔ: Literally, this means “liquor”. It is a term referring to any kind of
- alcoholic beverage from light beers and wine to hard liquor.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Éméi Cāntīng</foreignphrase>:
- This is the name of a restaurant offering Szechuan style cuisine.
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Omei</foreignphrase>
- (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Émái</foreignphrase>) is the
- name of a mountain range running through Szechuan.</para>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Dialogue in Peking</title>
- <para>A conversation on the telephone.</para>
- <para/>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Notes following Dialogue 1</title>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ yào duōshao qián
- biāozhǔnde?</foreignphrase>: In restaurants in Peking, dinners for a
- group of people can be arranged on a price per person basis. The restaurants
- often have several standard priced menus to choose from.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yíge dà lěngpán</foreignphrase>:
- One large cold platter instead of several smaller cold dishes may be used in
- making up the menu for a dinner. One large cold platter, eight main courses,
- a soup and a dessert is another type of menu for a dinner.<informaltable
- frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="4" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
- <colspec colname="c4" colnum="4" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>12.</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hóngshāo
- Yúchì</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- <entry>Red-cooked Shark's Fin</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>13.</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiāngsū
- Yā</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- <entry>Fragrant Crispy Duck</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>14.</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Gānshāo
- Míngxiā</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- <entry>Dry-cooked Jumbo Shrimp Szechuan Style</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>15.</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fùguì
- Jī</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- <entry>Beggar's Chicken</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>16.</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tángcù
- Yú</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- <entry>Sweet and Sour Fish</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>17.</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Mìzhī
- Huǒtuǐ</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- <entry>Ham in Honey Sauce</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>18.</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dōnggua
- Zhōng</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- <entry>Winter Melon Soup served in the Carved Melon
- Shell</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>19.</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bābǎo
- Fàn</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- <entry>Eight Jewel Rice</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>20.</entry>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xìngrén
- Dòufu</foreignphrase></entry>
- <entry/>
- <entry>Almond Pudding</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Notes on Vocabulary №12-20</title>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hóngshāo Yúchì</foreignphrase>:
- Shark’s Fin is considered a delicacy by the Chinese because it is rare,
- nutritious and has a smooth, chewy texture when cooked. Some people think
- that it is best prepared in the red-cooked style.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiāngsū Yā</foreignphrase>:
- Fragrant Crispy Duck is marinated and steamed with onions, wine, ginger,
- pepper and anise, then deep fried quickly for a crispy result. This method
- of preparing duck is an example of southern style cooking.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fùguì Jī</foreignphrase>:
- “Beggar’s Chicken” is a whole chicken wrapped in wet clay, then roasted
- until very tender. It is said that this method of preparation was first used
- by beggars. Originally this dish was called <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jiǎohua Jī</foreignphrase>, literally
- “Beggar's Chicken”; but as the dish became popular among the upper class,
- the name changed to <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fùguì
- Jī</foreignphrase>, literally “Riches and Honor Chicken”.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dōnggua Zhōng</foreignphrase>:
- Winter melon, mushrooms, and ham go into this soup. On festive occasions the
- melon shell is carved with decorations, such as dragons, and used as a bowl
- for serving the soup. This is a Cantonese specialty.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xìngrěn Dòufu</foreignphrase>:
- This is translated here as “Almond Pudding”. Because <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xìngrén Dòufu</foreignphrase>, with its light
- consistency, is somewhere between a pudding and a gelatin, “Almond Gelatin”
- would also be a fitting translation of the name.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bābǎo Fàn</foreignphrase>:
- “Eight Jewel Rice”. This is sweet sticky rice (nòmǐ) with preserved fruits.
- The rice is shaped into a mound and decorated with some of the preserved
- fruit.</para>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Dialogue in Taipei</title>
- <para>An American woman calls a restaurant in <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Táiběi</foreignphrase>.</para>
- <para/>
- </section>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Part 2</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference List</title>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Reference Notes</title>
- <section>
- <title>Notes on Part 2</title>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhǔkè</foreignphrase>: At a
- Chinese banquet the guest of honor sits farthest away from the door, the
- inner-most place in the room. The host sits nearest the door, on the serving
- side of the table.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bié jǐn gěi wo jiǎn
- cài</foreignphrase>: This expression is often used at dinner parties. It
- is good hospitality for the host or hostess to serve the guests individually
- from time to time, picking out tender morsels for them. Fellow guests may
- also do this for the guest of honor.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gān yìbēi</foreignphrase>: Drink
- a glass”, literally “dry a glass” (meaning “o make the glass dry by emptying
- it”). Since wine cups are small, the usual toast is <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Gān bēi!</foreignphrase>. “Bottoms up!” For
- people who don't like to drink too much, the phrase <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Suíyì</foreignphrase>, “As you like”, will
- serve as a reply indicating that the whole cup need not be emptied. See the
- note on <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">suíyì</foreignphrase>
- below.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zuì jī</foreignphrase>: “Drunken
- Chicken”. The name of this dish comes from the way in which it is prepared.
- The verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuì</foreignphrase> “to
- get drunk”, refers to the fact that the chicken is marinated in wine at
- least over-night. This dish originates with the Shanghai school of cooking.
- It is served cold.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ bú huì hē jiǔ. Dàjiā dōu
- suíyì ba.</foreignphrase>: Chinese drinking etiquette requires that if
- someone doesn’t want to participate in the full range of drinking
- activities, he should so indicate early on.</para>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Dialogue in Peking</title>
- <para/>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Notes following Part 2 Dialogue</title>
- <para>Most of the entertaining at a Chinese dinner party takes place at the
- dinner table, although there is some tea drinking and chatting both before
- and after the meal in other rooms. The dinner is served at a leisurely pace
- so that each dish may be savored and talked about. A good dish is
- appreciated for its appearance as much as its taste, texture and aroma. As
- each dish is eaten, toasts will be made. The host will start off by toasting
- the guest of honor and then other guests as a group. As the evening
- progresses he will toast each guest in turn and each guest will probably
- propose a toast of his own in honor of the host. A strongly flavored liquor
- (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gāoliang
- jiǔ</foreignphrase>). a milder rice wine (<foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huáng jiǔ</foreignphrase>). or beer may be
- served. Guests usually drink only when toasting. If you'd like to take a
- drink of something you either propose a toast or catch someone's eye and
- silently toast each other.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mànmār chī:</foreignphrase> In
- sentences expressing commands or requests, an adjectival verb describing
- manner precedes the main verb.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
- colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kuài yìdiǎr
- kāi!</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Drive a little faster!</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kuài
- lái!</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Come here quickly!</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- <para>In the sentence, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mànmār
- chī</foreignphrase>, the adjectival verb coming before the main verb,
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">màn</foreignphrase>, is
- reduplicated with the second syllable changing to a high tone. This also
- happens in a few other instances.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
- colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kuàikuārde
- chī!</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Quickly eat!</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hǎohāode
- zuò!</foreignphrase></entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Do it well!</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- </section>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Part 3</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference List</title>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Reference Notes</title>
- <section>
- <title>Notes on Part 3</title>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jìng</foreignphrase>: This is
- the verb “to offer (something) respectfully”. It is used here ceremonially
- in the phrase “offer her a glass” meaning “to toast her”.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juǎnqilai</foreignphrase>: This
- compound verb is made of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >juǎn</foreignphrase>. “to roll”, <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qǐ</foreignphrase>, “to rise, go or come up”,
- and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lái</foreignphrase> “to come”.
- Both Peking Duck and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Mùxu
- Ròu</foreignphrase> are eaten rolled up in pancakes.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xūn Jī</foreignphrase>: For this
- dish, chicken is smoked in a vapor from burning tea leaves. This example of
- Peking cuisine is served as a cold dish or a hot dish.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhá Xiāqiú</foreignphrase>:
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhá</foreignphrase> is the
- verb “to deep fry”. This is a Shanghai dish of shredded shrimp shaped into
- balls and then deep fried.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiàng</foreignphrase>: “Paste”.
- The paste which is eaten with Peking Duck is <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tiánmiànjiàng</foreignphrase>. “sweet bean
- paste”.</para>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Dialogue in Taipei</title>
- <para/>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Notes after Dialogue in Part 3</title>
- <para/>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zìjī lái</foreignphrase>:
- This is a polite way for a guest to respond when the host has been serving
- him specially.</para>
- <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xià yícì wǒmen kéyi zài lái
- zhèli chī Kǎo Yā.</foreignphrase>: The use of the phrase <foreignphrase
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià yícì</foreignphrase> makes it sound as if
- they are making definite plans about the next time they come to eat here,
- when in fact they are Just talking generally about some future time. In
- English, we use “sometime” rather than “next time”, as in “We'll have to get
- together again sometime.”</para>
- </section>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Unit Vocabulary List</title>
- <para>
- <informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup cols="3">
- <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
- <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
- <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bābǎo
- fàn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">八宝饭</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> Eight Level Rice </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >biāozhǔn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">标准</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> level or standard </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cháng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">尝</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to taste, to savor </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàjiā</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大家</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> everybody </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-dào</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">道</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> counter for a course of a meal </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dìng yìzhuō
- xí</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">订一桌席</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> reserve a table for a dinner party </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dōnggua
- zhōng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">冬瓜中</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> winter melon soup served in the carved melon shell </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duōbàn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">多半</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> most of, the greater part of </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Emèi
- cāntīng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">峨眉餐厅</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> The Omei Reetaurant (a restaurant in Taipei) </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >fēngzéyuán</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">丰泽园 </foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> The name of a reetaurant in Peking </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fùguì
- jī</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">富贵鸡</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> rich hicken </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiào huā
- jī</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">叫化鸡</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> beggar's chicken </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gānshāo
- míngxià</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">干烧明虾</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> dry-cooked jumbo shrimp, Szechuan Style </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gān
- yìbēi</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">干一杯</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to drink a glass (lit. to make a glass dry) </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngzuò
- shùnlì</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">工作顺利</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> the work that goes well </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">héshì</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">合适</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to be suitable, to be fitting </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hóngshǎo
- yúchī</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">红烧鱼翅</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> red-cooked Shark's Fins </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǎn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">拣</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to select, pick out, to choose </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >jiànkāng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">健康</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to be healthy </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiàng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">酱</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> paste, bean paste </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jǐn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">仅</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> (continually), only, Just </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jìng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">敬</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to offer someone something </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǔ</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">酒</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> liquor, wine </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >juǎnqilai</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">卷起来</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to roll up </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kǎo yā</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">烤鸭</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> Peking Duck </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kè
- (kèren)</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">客人(客人)</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> guest(s) </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >lěngpán</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">冷盘</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> cold dish </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >lìngwài</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">另外</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> in addition to, additionally </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >míngxiā</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">虾</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> shrimp </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mìzhi
- huǒtuǐ</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">蜜汁火腿</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> ham in honey Sauce </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pèi</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">配</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to find something to match, to match things </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">peì
- cài</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">配菜</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to select dishes for a formal menu </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ràng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">让</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to allow, to have someone do something </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >shēngrì</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">生日</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> birthday </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēntǐ
- jiànkāng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">身体健康</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> good health </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shùnlì</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">顺利</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to go well, without difficulty </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >sòngxíng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">送行</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to see a person off </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">suíyì</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">随意</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> according to one's wishes </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tángcù
- yú</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">糖醋鱼</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> sweet and sour fish </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >tiáncài</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">甜蔡</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> dessert </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāngsū
- yā</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">香酥鸭</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> fragrant crispy duck </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīngrèn
- dòufu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">杏仁豆腐</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> almond pudding </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xūn jī</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">熏鸡</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> smoked chicken </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yā</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鸭</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> duck </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yílù
- píngān</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一路平安</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> have a nice trip; bon voyage (lit. a safe journey) </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yú</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鱼</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> fish </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yúchì</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鱼翅</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> shark's fin </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhù</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">祝</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> to wish (someone something) </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhǔkè</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">主客</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> guest of honor </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhá
- xiāqiú</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">炸虾球</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> deep fried shrimp balls </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >zhōngjiān</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">中间</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> middle </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuì jí</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">醉鸡</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> drunken chicken </entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </para>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Foods</title>
- <para>
- <informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
- <tgroup cols="3">
- <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
- <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
- <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ròu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肉</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> meat </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huǒtuǐ</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">火腿</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> ham </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niúròu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">牛肉</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> beef </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">páigu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">排骨</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> spare ribs </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >yángròu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">羊肉</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> lamb </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhūròu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">猪肉</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> pork </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jī</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鸡</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> chicken </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yā,
- yāzi</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鸭,鸭子</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> duck </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yú</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鱼</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> fish </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiā</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">虾</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> shrimp </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bàoyú</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鲍鱼</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> abalone </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàxiā</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大虾</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> prawn </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >huánghuāyú</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">黄花鱼</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> yellow fish </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >lóngxiā</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">龙虾</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> lobster </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >pángxie</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">螃蟹</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> crab </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiārén</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">虾仁</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> shrimp meat </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yóuyú</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鱿鱼</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> squid </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yúchì</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鱼事</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> shark's fin </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >shuǐguo</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">水果</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> fruit </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fènglí</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">凤梨</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> pineapple (Taiwan) </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bōluó</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">菠萝</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> pineapple (Mainland) </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">júzi</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">橘子</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> tangerine (Taiwan) </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">júzi</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">橘子</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> orange (Mainland) </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lìzhī</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">荔枝</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> lichee </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lǐzi</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">李子</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> plum </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >liǔdīng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">柳丁 </foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> orange (Taiwan) </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >mángguo</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">芒果</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> mango </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >píngguo</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">苹果</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> apple </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pútao</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">葡萄</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> grape </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >xiāngjiāo</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">香蕉</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> banana </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīgua</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">西瓜</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> watermelon </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >qīngcài</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">青菜 </foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> green vegetables </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bái
- luóbo</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">白萝卜</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> white radish </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bāicài</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">白菜</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> cabbage </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bōcài</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">菠菜</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> spinach </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cōng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">葱</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> scallion, green onion </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dōnggū</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">冬菇 </foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> dried black mushroom </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >dōnggua</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">冬瓜 </foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> winter melon </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >dōngsǔn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">冬笋</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> bamboo shoot </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòuyá</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">豆芽 </foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> bean sprouts </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fānqié</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">番茄 </foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> tomato </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >húluóbo</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">胡萝卜</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> carrot </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >huángguā</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">黄瓜</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> cucumber </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">là
- jiao</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">辣椒 </foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> red (hot) pepper </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mùěr</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">木耳</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> wood ear, tree fungus </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qiézi</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">茄子</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> eggplant </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >qīngdòu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">青豆</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> green peas </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >qīngjiāo</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">青椒 </foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> green pepper </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qíncài</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">芹菜</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> celery </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >xiāngcài</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">香菜</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> Chinese parsley (coriander) </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >xīhóngshì</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">西红柿</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> tomato </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xuědòu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">雪豆</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> snow pea pods </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >yángcōng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">洋葱</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> onion </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yánggū</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">秧菇</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> button mushroom </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >zuóliao</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">佐料</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> spices </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gālǐ</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">咖喱 </foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> curry </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >huājiāo</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">花椒</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> fragrant (Szechuan) pepper </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hújiāo</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">胡椒 </foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> black pepper </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiāng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">姜</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> ginger </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jièmo</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">芥末</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> mustard </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">suàn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">蒜</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> garlic </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yán</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">盐</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> salt </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhīma</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">芝麻</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> sesame seed </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yóu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">油</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> oil </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">háo
- yóu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">蚝油</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> oyster sauce </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hóng
- yóu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">红油</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> red (hot) pepper oil </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huāshēng
- yóu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">花生油</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> peanut oil </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiàng
- yóu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">酱油</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> soy sauce </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">là yóu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">辣油</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> red (hot) pepper oil </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">má yóu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">麻油 </foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> sesame oil (Taiwan) </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāng
- yóu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">香油 </foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> sesame oil (Mainland) </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiàng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">酱</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> sauces, pastes </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">douban
- jiàng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">酱</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> bean paste </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tiánmiàn
- jiàng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">酱</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> sweet bean paste </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhīma
- jiàng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">芝麻酱</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> sesame paste </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǔ</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">酒</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> liquor </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gāoliáng
- jiǔ</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">高粱酒</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> gāoliáng win (sorghum) </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huáng
- jiu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">黄酒</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> yellow wine </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">píjiǔ</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">啤酒</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> beer </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pútáo
- Jiǔ</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">酒</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> grape wine </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shāoxīng
- jiǔ</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">绍兴 </foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> a yellow vine made in Shaoxing </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zá
- xiàng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">杂项</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> miscellaneous </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >báobǐng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">薄饼 </foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> thin rolled, wheat-flour pancake </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chá</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">茶</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> tea </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cù</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">醋</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> vinegar </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòufu</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">豆腐</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> bean curd </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòufu
- rǔ</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">豆腐乳</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> fermented bean curd </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >dòujiāng</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">豆浆</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> soybean milk, soy milk </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fěnsī</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">粉丝</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> cellophane noodles, bean thread noodles </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jīdàn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鸡蛋</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> chicken egg </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāfēi</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">咖啡</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> coffee </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">miàn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">面</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> wheat-flour noodles </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >miànbāo</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">面包</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> bread </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- >miànfěn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">面粉</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> flour </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǐfěn</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">米粉</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> rice, or rice flour noodles </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pídàn </foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">皮蛋</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> preserved egg (Táiwan) </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sònghuā dàn
- </foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">松花蛋</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> preserved egg (Mainland) </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhàcài</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">榨菜</foreignphrase>
- </entry>
- <entry> hot pickled cabbage (Szechwan) </entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- </section>
- </section>
- </chapter>
|