123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466467468469470471472473474475476477478479480481482483484485486487488489490491492493494495496497498499500501502503504505506507508509510511512513514515516517518519520521522523524525526527528529530531532533534535536537538539540541542543544545546547548549550551552553554555556557558559560561562563564565566567568569570571572573574575576577578579580581582583584585586587588589590591592593594595596597598599600601602603604605606607608609610611612613614615616617618619620621622623624625626627628629630631632633634635636637638639640641642643644645646647648649650651652653654655656657658659660661662663664665666667668669670671672673674675676677678679680681682683684685686687688689690691692693694695696697698699700701702703704705706707708709710711712713714715716717718719720721722723724725726727728729730731732733734735736737738739740741742743744745746747748749750751752753754755756757758759760761762763764765766767768769770771772773774775776777778779780781782783784785786787788789790791792793794795796797798799800801802803804805806807808809810811812813814815816817818819820821822823824825826827828829830831832833 |
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <?xml-model href="http://docbook.org/xml/5.1/rng/docbook.rng" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>
- <?xml-model href="http://docbook.org/xml/5.1/sch/docbook.sch" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>
- <chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
- version="5.1">
- <title>Customs Surrounding</title>
- <subtitle>Marriage, Birth and Death</subtitle>
- <para/>
- <section>
- <title>Objectives</title>
- <para/>
- <section><title>General</title>
- <para>The purpose of the Module on Customs Surrounding Marriage, Birth and Death is to
- furnish you with the linguistic skills and cultural Background information you need
- to take part in conversations about changing attitudes and practices with regard to
- courtship, marriage, birth, divorce, death and funerals in China, and to conduct
- yourself in a culturally appropriate manner when you come in contact with Chinese
- people at the time of one of these significant events in their lives.</para>
- <para>Before starting the MBD module, you should have at least completed the Arranging a
- Meeting Module. You may, of course, use this module at any later point in the
- course.</para></section>
- <section><title>Specific</title>
- <para>When you have finished this module, you should be able to:</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Ask about the age when most people get married.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Ask about how a wedding is celebrated and what differences there are in
- marriage practices between the city and the country.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Ask about the current local customs regarding gifts for weddings, births,
- and funerals.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Ask about the frequency of divorce.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Talk about the functions and statuses of the people who play a role in
- arranging a present-day traditional marriage.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Ask questions about the bride, the groom, and the ceremony in a modern-day
- wedding.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Ask about population control efforts, changes in population control
- policy, restrictions on young people having children, what factors are taken
- into consideration in family planning, and how old most couples are when
- they have children.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Congratulate a new mother. Ask about a new-born infant’s health, appetite,
- and weight, and describe the baby in terms of traditional values.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Talk about the traditional beliefs and practices with regard to the
- mother's health before and after giving birth.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Present condolences to someone whose relative has died, comfort and
- express concern for that person.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Ask, after deciding if appropriate, about the circumstances of the death
- and the funeral.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Apologize for not being able to attend a funeral.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Ask what attire and behavior are appropriate when attending a
- funeral.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist></section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Unit 1: Weather and Terrain</title>
- <para/>
- <section>
- <title>Part 1: Winter and Summer</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference List</title>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Reference Notes</title>
- <section><title>Notes on Part 1</title><para>tíchàng: “to advocate, to promote, to initiate, to recommend, to encourage”<informaltable
- frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>Zhè shi shéi tíchàngde?</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Who advocates this?</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- <para>nianqīng: “to be young” (literally “years-light” or “years green”. There are
- two different characters with the same sound used for the second
- syllable.)<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>Tā zhènme niánqīng, zhènme piàoliang!</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>She’s so young and so beautiful!</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Wǒ niánqīngde shíhou, bù xǐhuan kàn shū.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>When I was young, I didn’t like to read.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Zhèixiē niǎnqīng rén dōu ài kàn diànyǐng.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>These young people all love to go to the
- movies.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Nèige niánqǐngde Zhōngguo rén, Yīngwén shuōde bú
- cuò.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>That young Chinese person speaks pretty good
- English.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- <para>jiéhūn: “to get married”, also pronounced jiēhūn. Notice that in Chinese
- you talk of “getting married”, while in English we talk of “being married”.
- And it follows grammatically that jiéhūn is a process verb, not a state
- verb. Jiéhūn will always be seen with an aspect marker such as le or will be
- negated with méi.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>Tāmen jiéhūnle méiyou?</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Have they gotten married yet? (This is the equivalent
- of ’Are they married?)</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Nǐ jiéhūn duó jiǔ le?</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>How long have you been married?</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- <para>Jiéhūn is a verb-object compound, literally meaning “to knot marriage”.
- Jié and hūn can be separated by aspect markers, such as de or
- guo.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>Nǐ shi shénme shíhou jiéde hūn? OR Nǐ shi shénme
- shíhou jiéhūnde?</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>When did you get married?</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Wang Xiānsheng jiéguo sāncì hūn.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Mr. Wang has been married three times.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- <para>To say “get married to someone” use the pattern gēn ...
- jiéhūn.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>Tā gēn shéi jiéhūn le?</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>To whom did he get married?</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
-
- <section><title>Notes on №2</title><para>wǎnliàn wǎnhūn: “late involvement and late marriage”. Wǎnliàn is an abbreviation for wan
- liàn’ài, “mature love”, (liàn’ài means “romantic love, courtship”), and wǎnhūn
- is an abbreviation for wǎn jiéhūn, “late marriage”. This policy has been
- promoted since the 1960s, but only actively enforced since the 1970s. It is
- difficult to generalize about the required minimum marriage ages, as they differ
- from city to city and might be nonexistant in certain rural and national
- minority areas, where the government is trying to increase the population. The
- minimum age has been progressively raised over the years, until 1978 when the
- rules were eased a bit. In general, if the combined ages of the couple exceeds
- fifty years (or the female’s age exceeds the male’s), then the marriage is
- allowable.</para></section>
- <section><title>Notes on №3</title><para>qīngnián: “youth, young person”. Do not confuse this noun with the adjectival verb niánqīng,
- “to be young”. (See Notes on No. 1)</para>
- <para>In this sentence, the noun qīngnián is used to modify the noun lǎoshī,
- “teacher”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="2" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <colspec colname="newCol2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>A:</entry>
- <entry>Wǒ jìde sānshinián yīqián nǐ tèbié ài chī táng.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- <entry>I remember that thirty years ago you especially loved to
- eat candy.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>B:</entry>
- <entry>Shì a, nèi shíhou wǒmen dōu háishi qīngnián. Xiànzài lǎo
- le, yá bù xíng le.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- <entry>Yes. Back then we were all young people. Now I’m old, and
- my teeth aren’t good any more.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- <para>nǔlì: “to be hardworking, to diligent”, or as an adverb, “diligently,be
- hard”.</para>
- <para>Tā suīrán hen nǔlì, kěshi tāde Yīngwen háishi bù xíng. Although he’s very
- hardworking, his English is still not good enough.<informaltable frame="none"
- rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>Wǒ děi nǔlì xué Zhōngwén.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>I have to study Chinese very hard.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para></section>
- <section><title>Notes on №4</title><para>nongcūn: “rural areas, countryside, village”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>Nóngcūnde kōngqì bǐ chéngli hǎoduō le.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>The air in the country is much better than in the
- city.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Tāmen Jiā zài nongcūn zhù.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Their family lives in the country.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- <para>shíxíng: “to practice, to carry out (a method, policy, plan,
- reform)”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>Nǐ zhèige jìhua hěn hǎo, kěshi wǒ xiǎng bù néng
- shíxíng.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>This plan of yours is very good, but I don’t think it can
- be carried out.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Zhèige bànfa yǐjīng shíxíngle sānge xīngqīle, kěshi
- jiéguǒ bù hǎo.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>This method has been in practice for three weeks, but the
- results aren’t good.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para></section>
- <section>
- <title>Notes on №5</title>
- <para>chéng: “to constitute, to make, to become”.<informaltable frame="none"
- rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>Tǎde xuéxí yìzhí hěn hǎo, bìyè yǐhòu ānpai gōngzuò bù
- chéng wèntí.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>His studies have been good all along, so after he
- graduates, setting up a job for him won’t constitute a
- problem.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Wǒde nǚer xiànzài chéngle jiějie, tǎ zhēn xǐhuan tāde
- xiǎo mèimei.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>My daughter has become an older sister. She really likes
- her little sister.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- <para>fēngqì: “established practice, custom; general mood”.<informaltable
- frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>Xiànzài yǒu bù shǎo qīngnián bú yào zài shāngdiànli mài
- dōngxi, zhèizhǒng fēngqì zhēn bù hǎo.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>There are a lot of young people now who don’t want to
- sell things in shops. This practice is really bad.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Xiànzài zài Zhōngguo, yòu yǒule niàn shūde
- fēngqì.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Now in China there is again a general atmosphere of
- study.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- <para/>
- </section>
- <section><title>Notes on №6</title><para>hé: “with”. You have seen he used between two nouns or pronouns as a conjunction meaning
- “and”. Here you see it used as a prepositional verb meaning “with”. The word
- gēn, which you have seen, also has both meanings, “and” and “with”.</para>
- <para>Formerly, gēn was the most frequently used word for “with” or “and” in the
- Mandarin spoken in North China, and he was more often written. But he has come
- into wide conversational use in pùtōnghuà. In addition to this variation, school
- children in Taiwan are sometimes taught to say hàn instead of he, which is the
- same character with another pronunciation.</para>
- <para>Generally speaking, if you use hé or gēn you should not have any problem being
- understood by any speaker of Standard Chinese.</para>
- <para>liàn'ài: “to fall in love, to be in love; romantic love, courtship”. This is
- the socially acceptable way to describe a romantic relationship between two
- people. Notice that liàn'ài can be used both as noun and as a verb. (Liàn’ài is
- written with an apostrophe to show where the syllable division is: liàn ài, not
- lià nài.)<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>Tǎmen liàn’àile hǎojinián le.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>They’ve been in love for quite a few years now.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Tǎmen xiànzài kǎishǐ liàn’ài le.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>They’ve just started to fall in love.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Womende liàn’ài zhī you sāntiǎn, jiù bù xíng le.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Our love is only three days old and already it’s
- over.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- <para>The noun liàn’ài is often used in the phrase tán liàn’ài, “to be romantically
- involved” or more literally “to talk of love”.<informaltable frame="none"
- rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>Tāmen liāngge tán liàn’ài yǐjīng tánle hěn jiǔ
- le.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>The two of them have been in love for quite a while
- now.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Wǒ méiyou hé tā tán liàn’ài.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>I’m not in love with her.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- <para>In China young people tend to go out in groups. When two people are seen going
- out alone, then it is assumed that they have serious intentions for the
- future.</para></section>
- <section><title>Notes on №7</title><para>kě: “really, certainly”. This is an adverb which intensifies state verbs. Kě can be used
- before a negative.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>Tāmen liǎngge kě hǎo le!</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>The two of them are very good friends.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Kě bú shi ma!</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Isn’t that so! (Really! or No kidding!)</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Nà kě bù xíng!</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>That really won’t do!</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Nà kě bú shì yíjiàn hǎo shi.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>That’s really not a good thing.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Nǐ kě yào xiǎoxīn!</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>You’ve got to be careful!</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- <para>Although some Chinese are fond of using the word kě, to other Chinese it may
- sound too full of local color with which they do not identify.</para></section>
- </section>
- <section><title>Dialogue in Peking</title><para>An American exchange student talks with her language teacher. They are both in their late
- twenties.</para>
- <para/></section>
- <section><title>Notes on the Dialogue</title><para>...zài èrshiwǔliǔsuì yǐhòu cái jiéhūn: This is quite a change from Imperial times, when
- females might be married off at age thirteen and males at age six so as to
- insure the family fortunes or fend off economic difficulties later.
- Nontheless, regulations are less strict in the countryside today, where one
- can marry perhaps at age twenty.</para></section>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Part 2: Spring and Fall</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference List</title>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Reference Notes</title>
- <section><title>Notes on Part 2</title><para>yíshì: ’ceremony, function’ This can be used to refer to a range of different ceremonies, from
- the signing of a treaty or agreement to the taking of marital vows.</para>
- <para>In old China, marriages were celebrated extravagantly. It was not uncommon
- to find families going into debt because of the joyous occasion, which
- marked a new generation added to the family line. This elaborate ritual
- served to strengthen familial bonds and the newlyweds’ feeling of obligation
- owed to the family.</para>
- <para>In PRC cities of today, lack of extra money and coupons to purchase food
- for guests, celebration space, and free time for preparation limit the
- celebration often to procedural formality alone—registration with the local
- police bureau. Wedding dinners may still be enjoyed in the countryside,
- where there are fewer restrictions on time and food.</para>
- <section><title>Notes on №9</title><para>qǐnqi: ’relatives* Qǐnqi is slightly different from the English word ’relatives’ in that it
- does not include one’s immediate family, that is parents or children,
- but is used to refer to all other relatives. (One’s immediate family are
- called Jiāli rén.)<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>Nǐmen Jiā qīnqi duō ma?</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Do you have a lot of relatives in your
- family?</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Wǒmen Jiā qinqi kě duō le!</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>We have lots of relatives in our family.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- <para>sǒnggei: ’give (a gift) to ...’ The verb song has several meanings.
- One is ’to send’, as in Wǒ bā nǐde xíngli sòngshangqu le, ’I sent your
- luggage upstairs.’ Another is to give someone something as a
- present.</para>
- <para>Here you see song with the prepositional verb gěi ’for, to’ after it.
- You have also seen Jiāogei, ’to hand over to ..., to submit to...’. When
- gěi is used after the main verb as a prepositional verb, it must be
- followed by the indirect object, that is, the person or thing to whom
- something is given. Gěi can also be used this way with jì ’to send’, and
- mǎi ’to sell’.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>Wǒ bǎ zhèijiǎn yīfu Jìgei wǒ mèimei le.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>I sent this piece of clothing to my younger
- sister.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Tā bǎ fángzi màigei wǒ le.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>He sold his house to me.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para>
- <para>In these examples the direct object, clothing or house, is up front in
- the sentence, making it necessary to use gěi to put the indirect object
- after the main verb. This usually happens in sentences where the object
- is specific and the bǎ construction is preferred. When song is followed
- by an indirect object, however, the gěi is usually
- optional.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
- <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
- <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>Wǒ yǎo song ta yíge xiǎo lǐwù.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>I am going to give him a small present.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>Wǒ yǎo sǒnggei ta yíge xiǎo lǐwù.</entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry/>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>I am going to give him a small present.</entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </informaltable></para></section>
- </section>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Part 3: Terrain</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference List</title>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Reference Notes</title>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Unit Vocabulary List</title>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Unit 2: Clothing</title>
- <para/>
- <section>
- <title>Part 1: Buying Clothes</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference List</title>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Reference Notes</title>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Part 2: Buying Clothes</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference List</title>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Reference Notes</title>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section><title>Having Clothes made</title></section>
- <section>
- <title>Unit Vocabulary List</title>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Unit 3: Hair Care</title>
- <para/>
- <section>
- <title>Part 1: At the Barber</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference List</title>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Reference Notes</title>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Part 2: At the Hairdresser</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference List</title>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Reference Notes</title>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Unit Vocabulary List</title>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Unit 4: In the Home</title>
- <para/>
- <section>
- <title>Part 1: Personal Belongings</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference List</title>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Reference Notes</title>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Part 2: Parts of the Home</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference List</title>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Reference Notes</title>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section><title>Taking Care of Children</title></section>
- <section>
- <title>Unit Vocabulary List</title>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Unit 5: Minor Physical Complains</title>
- <para/>
- <section>
- <title>Part 1: Colds and Fevers</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference List</title>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Reference Notes</title>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Part 2: Stomach Ailments</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference List</title>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Reference Notes</title>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section><title>Taking Temperature and Blood Pressure</title></section>
- <section>
- <title>Unit Vocabulary List</title>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Unit 6: Accidents and Difficulties</title>
- <para/>
- <section>
- <title>Part 1: Losing a Driver's license</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference List</title>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Reference Notes</title>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Part 2: A Motorcycle Accident</title>
- <section>
- <title>Reference List</title>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Reference Notes</title>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section><title>Crossing into a Restricted Area</title></section>
- <section>
- <title>Unit Vocabulary List</title>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section>
- <title>Appendix</title>
- <subtitle>Unit Vocabulary Characters</subtitle>
- <section><title>Parts of the Body</title></section>
- <section><title>Medical Conditions and Illness</title></section>
- <section><title>Furniture and Household Items</title></section>
- <section><title>Parts of the House</title></section>
- </section>
- </chapter>
|