FSI-Chinese-Docbook/OptionalModule-WLF/FSI-OptionalModule-WLF.xml.bak

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<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
    version="5.1">
    <title>Personal Welfare</title>
    <para/>
    <section>
        <title>Objectives for the Personal Welfare Module</title>
        <para>When you have finished this module, you will be able to:</para>
        <orderedlist>
            <listitem>
                <para>Describe the weather in all four seasons for your present locale, a Chinese
                    city, and your hometown. </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
                <para>Describe the location, geographical setting, population, and air quality of
                    the three areas in No. 1. </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
                <para>Give the names of five or more items of clothing. </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
                <para>Get your hair cut or styled. </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
                <para>Describe several items you ordinarily carry with you when traveling. </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
                <para>Give the names of and describe the different rooms in a house. </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
                <para>Give simple directions to a babysitter. </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
                <para>Ask and answer questions about the common cold and its symptoms. Offer advice
                    on what to do for a simple ailment. Understand the use of kāishuǐ, “boiled
                    water.” </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
                <para>Describe what takes place during a visit to the doctor. Know how to give
                    normal body temperature in Celsius and in Fahrenheit. Tell ’“where it hurts”
                    (using a list of the parts of the body, if necessary. ) </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
                <para>Describe accidents where injuries occur, and tell someone to call an
                    ambulance. </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
                <para>Report the loss of a passport to the appropriate officials. Find out where to
                    go to report the loss and be able to determine whether adequate translation
                    facilities will be available. </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
                <para>Use the words for “danger” and “caution” in grammatical, situationally
                    appropriate sentences. Describe how someone entered a restricted area and how
                    and for what reasons he was escorted out.</para>
            </listitem>
        </orderedlist>
    </section>
    <section>
        <title>Unit 1: Weather and Terrain</title>
        <section>
            <title>Reference List</title>
            <para/>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>References Notes</title>
            <section>
                <title>References Notes on Part 1</title>
                <para>Jīntiān tiānqi hěn hǎo: Notice that the time word jīntiān “today” is placed
                    before the subject, not directly before the verb here. Most time words of more
                    than one syllable may come either before or after the subject, but in either
                    case before the verb. Examples:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                        <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                            <tbody>
                                <row>
                                    <entry>Qùnián wǒ hái bú huì xiě zì.</entry>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry/>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry>Last year I still couldn’t write characters.</entry>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry>Wǒ xiànzài hui xiě yìdiǎn le. </entry>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry/>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry>Now I can write a little.</entry>
                                </row>
                            </tbody>
                        </tgroup>
                    </informaltable></para>
                <para>qìhòu: “climate” Also pronounced qìhòu (with hou in the neutral tone).</para>
                <para>Dōngtiān hěn lěng.: “it's cold in winter” The adverb hěn is not translated
                    here. Often hěn adds little or nothing to the intensity of the adjectival verb,
                    and doesn’t need to be translated by “very.” Later, you may notice that
                    sometimes we translate the hěn literally and sometimes we choose to omit it from
                    the translation. It is not a matter of right and wrong; it is more a matter of
                    feeling, and may be, we admit, a somewhat arbitrary decision.</para>
                <para>chángcháng: “often, frequently, usually” An alternate form of this word is
                        cháng.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                        <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                            <tbody>
                                <row>
                                    <entry>Tā chángcháng qù Xiānggǎng.</entry>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry/>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry>She often goes to Hong Kong.</entry>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry>Tā cháng kàn bàozhǐ.</entry>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry/>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry>He often reads the newspaper.</entry>
                                </row>
                            </tbody>
                        </tgroup>
                    </informaltable></para>
                <para>The phrase “very often” is NOT formed by using hěn with cháng; instead, Just
                    use cháng or chángcháng. If you must stress that something happens very often,
                    use a phrase like “every few days.”</para>
                <para>xià xuě: “to snow” or more literally ”(there) falls snow.” The subject xuě
                    “snow” normally follows the verb xià “to descend.” This reversal of subject and
                    verb is the rule, not the exception, in weather expressions.<footnote><para>English 
                    is no more logical when it comes to weather expressions: it 
                    uses the meaningless “it,”as in “it snows.”</para></footnote><informaltable
                        frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                        <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                            <tbody>
                                <row>
                                    <entry>Òu, xià xuě le.</entry>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry/>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry>Oh, it’s snowing.</entry>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry>Xià xuě ma? Bu xià.</entry>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry/>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry>Is it snowing? No.</entry>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry>Yǒu méiyou xià xue? Méiyou.</entry>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry/>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry>Is it snowing? No.</entry>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry>Xià xuě le méiyou? Méiyou.</entry>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry/>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry>Is it snowing? No.</entry>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry>Jīntiān xià xuě bu xià xuě?</entry>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry/>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry>Is it going to snow today?</entry>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry>Xiànzài bù xià xuě le.</entry>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry/>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry>It's not snowing anymore.</entry>
                                </row>
                            </tbody>
                        </tgroup>
                    </informaltable></para>
                <para>tiān: “heaven, sky, day.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                        <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                            <tbody>
                                <row>
                                    <entry>Āiya, wǒde tiān na!</entry>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry/>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry>Oh my heavens!</entry>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry>Tiān zhǐdao!</entry>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry/>
                                </row>
                                <row>
                                    <entry>Heaven only knows!</entry>
                                </row>
                            </tbody>
                        </tgroup>
                    </informaltable></para>
                <para>qíng: “to be clear, to clear up” In the sentence Tiān qíng le, the marker le
                    tells us that a change has taken place. The meaning is not simply that the sky
                    is clear, but that the sky is clear NOW, or rather, the sky has cleared
                    up.</para>
                <para/>
            </section>
        </section>
    </section>
    <section>
        <title>Unit 2: Clothing</title>
    </section>
    <section>
        <title>Unit 3: Hair Care</title>
    </section>
    <section>
        <title>Unit 4: In the Home</title>
    </section>
    <section>
        <title>Unit 5: Minor Physical Complaints</title>
    </section>
    <section>
        <title>Unit 6: Accidents and Difficulties</title>
    </section>
    <section>
        <title>Appendixes</title>
        <section>
            <title>Parts of the body</title>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>Medical Conditions and Illnesses</title>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>Furniture and Household Items</title>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>Parts of the House</title>
        </section>
    </section>
    <section>
        <title>Module Vocabulary List</title>
    </section>
</chapter>