FSI-Chinese-Docbook/FSI-Chinese-MOD4-Textbook/FSI-Chinese-MOD4.xml.bak

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    <info>
        <title>Standard Chinese</title>
        <subtitle>Module 4</subtitle>
        <author>
            <orgname>Sponsored by Agencies of the United States and Canadian governments</orgname>
        </author>
    </info>
    <preface>
        <title>Colophon</title>
        <para>This publication is to be used primarily in support of instructing military personnel
            as part of the Defense Language Program (resident and nonresident). Inquiries concerning
            the use of materials, including requests for copies, should be addressed to:</para>
        <para>Defense Language Institute </para>
        <para>Foreign Language Center </para>
        <para>Nonresident Training Division </para>
        <para>Presidio of Monterey, CA 93944-5006</para>
        <para> Topics in the areas of politics, international relations, mores, etc., which may be
            considered as controversial from some points of view, are sometimes included in the
            language instruction for DLIFLC students since military personnel may find themselves in
            positions where a clear understanding of conversations or written materials of this
            nature will be essential to their mission. The presence of controversial
            statements—whether real or apparent—in DLIFLC materials should not be construed as
            representing the opinions of the writers, the DLIFLC, or the Department of Defense. </para>
        <para>Actual brand names and businesses are sometimes cited in DLIFLC instructional
            materials to provide instruction in pronunciations and meanings. The selection of such
            proprietary terms and names is based solely on their value for instruction in the
            language. It does not constitute endorsement of any product or commercial enterprise,
            nor is it intended to invite a comparison with other brand names and businesses not
            mentioned. </para>
        <para>In DLIFLC publications, the words he, him, and/or his denote both masculine and
            feminine genders. This statement does not apply to translations of foreign language
            texts. </para>
        <para>The DLIFLC may not have full rights to the materials it produces. Purchase by the
            customer does net constitute authorization for reproduction, resale, or showing for
            profit. Generally, products distributed by the DLIFLC may be used in any not-for-profit
            setting without prior approval from the DLIFLC. </para>
        <note>
            <para>This course was formatted by Eric Streit (eric@yojik.eu) using the docbook format
                from the pdf scanned documents found on:</para>
            <para>https://fsi-language.yojik.eu</para>
            <para>Ronald Grenier (Demi Puppet) is helping a lot with digitizing, proofreading!
                Thanks a lot.</para>
            <para> You can find the pdf, epub, odt versions on https://git.yojik.eu/ (whole book or
                separate lessons)</para>
            <para>The document will be edited with traditional characters, and converted to
                simplified later. The transformation from traditional to simplified is far more
                accurate than the other way I intended to do.</para>
            <para>The tones in the book sentences will match how the word would sound when spoken in
                a sentence, not how it sounds in the dictionary. </para>
            <para>I intend to do a French version later ….</para>
        </note>
    </preface>
    <preface>
        <title>Preface</title>
        <para>Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach originated in an inter-agency conference held at
            the Foreign Service Institute in August 1973 to address the need generally felt in the
            U.S. Government language training community for improving and updating Chinese
            materials, to reflect current usage in Beijing and Taipei.</para>
        <para> The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible enough in form and
            content to meet the requirements of a wide range of government agencies and academic
            institutions. </para>
        <para>A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the Central
            Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense Language Institute, the State
            Department’s Foreign Service Institute, the Cryptologic School of the National Security
            Agency, and the U.S. Office of Education, later joined by the Canadian Forces Foreign
            Language School. The representatives have included Arthur T. McNeill, John Hopkins, and
            John Boag (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder III, Joseph C. Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major
            Bernard Muller-Thym (DLI); James R. Frith and John B. Ratliff III (FSI); Kazuo Shitama
            (NSA); Richard T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant Colonel George Kozoriz
            (CFFLS). </para>
        <para>The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 1974 in space provided
            at the Foreign Service Institute. Each of the six U.S. and Canadian government agencies
            provided funds and other assistance. </para>
        <para>Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning council was formed
            consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense Language Institute, Patricia O’Connor
            of the University of Texas, Earl M. Rickerson of the Language Learning Center, and James
            Wrenn of Brown University. In the fall of 1977, Lucille A. Barale was appointed deputy
            project coordinator. David W. Dellinger of the Language Learning Center and Charles R.
            Sheehan of the Foreign Service Institute also served on the planning council and
            contributed material to the project. The planning council drew up the original overall
            design for the materials and met regularly to review their development. </para>
        <para>Writers for the first half of the materials were John H. T. Harvey, Lucille A. Barale,
            and Roberta S. Barry, who worked in close cooperation with the planning council and with
            the Chinese staff of the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the
            instructional formats of the comprehension and production self-study materials, and also
            designed the communications classroom activities and wrote the teacher’s guides. Lucille
            A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry wrote the tape scripts and the student text. By 1978
            Thomas E. Madden and Susan C. Pola had joined the staff. Led by Ms. Barale, they have
            worked as a team to produce the materials subsequent to Module 6.</para>
        <para>All Chinese language material was prepared or selected by Chuan 0. Chao, Ying-chi
            Chen, Hsiao-Jung Chi, Eva Diao, Jan Hu, Tsung-mi Li, and Yunhui C. Yang, assisted for
            part of the time by Chieh-fang Ou Lee, Ying-ming Chen, and Joseph Yu Hsu Wang. Anna
            Affholder, Mei-li Chen, and Henry Khuo helped in the preparation of a preliminary corpus
            of dialogues.</para>
        <para> Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Vincent Basciano, Lisa A.
            Bowden, Jill W. Ellis, Donna Fong, Renee T. C. Liang, Thomas E. Madden, Susan C. Pola,
            and Kathleen Strype. </para>
        <para>The production of tape recordings was directed by Jose M. Ramirez of the Foreign
            Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script was voiced by Ms. Chao, Ms. Chen,
            Mr. Chen, Ms. Diao, Ms. Hu, Mr. Khuo, Mr. Li, and Ms. Yang. The English script was read
            by Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry, Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, Ms. Pola, and Ms. Strype. </para>
        <para>The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service Institute
            Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph A. Sadote, Chief of
            Audio-Visual.</para>
        <para> Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach was field-tested with the cooperation of Brown
            University; the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center; the Foreign Service
            Institute; the Language Learning Center; the United States Air Force Academy; the
            University of Illinois; and the University of Virginia. </para>
        <para>Colonel Samuel L. Stapleton and Colonel Thomas G. Foster, Commandants of the Defense
            Language Institute, Foreign Language Center, authorized the DLIFLC support necessary for
            preparation of this edition of the course materials. This support included coordination,
            graphic arts, editing, typing, proofreading, printing, and materials necessary to carry
            out these tasks.</para>
        <para>
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