FSI-OptionalModule-RST.xml 256 KB

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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2. <?xml-model href="http://docbook.org/xml/5.1/rng/docbook.rng" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>
  3. <?xml-model href="http://docbook.org/xml/5.1/sch/docbook.sch" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>
  4. <chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
  5. version="5.1">
  6. <title>Restaurant</title>
  7. <para/>
  8. <section>
  9. <title>Objectives</title>
  10. <section>
  11. <title>General</title>
  12. <para>The purpose of the Restaurant Module (RST) is to acquaint you with Chinese cuisine
  13. and eating customs and to provide you with the linguistic skills you need to be able
  14. to order food in a restaurant or to dine at home.</para>
  15. </section>
  16. <section>
  17. <title>Specific</title>
  18. <para>When you have finished this module, you should be able to:</para>
  19. <orderedlist>
  20. <listitem>
  21. <para>Name four foods or dishes suitable as a snack or as an in-between
  22. meal.</para>
  23. </listitem>
  24. <listitem>
  25. <para>Name four dishes in Chinese you might order for dinner.</para>
  26. </listitem>
  27. <listitem>
  28. <para>Name 5 types of meat, fish or fowl.</para>
  29. </listitem>
  30. <listitem>
  31. <para>Translate the names of 10 Chinese dishes (either soups, main courses, or
  32. desserts) into English.</para>
  33. </listitem>
  34. <listitem>
  35. <para>List the food which accompanies various main courses: rice, noodles,
  36. pancakes, steamed bread, flower rolls.</para>
  37. </listitem>
  38. <listitem>
  39. <para>Order a Western-style breakfast.</para>
  40. </listitem>
  41. <listitem>
  42. <para>Order one of the "fixed meals" offered in small restaurants.</para>
  43. </listitem>
  44. <listitem>
  45. <para>Order Mongolian Barbecue or Mongolian Hot Pot.</para>
  46. </listitem>
  47. <listitem>
  48. <para>Discuss with a friend what to order for a snack.</para>
  49. </listitem>
  50. <listitem>
  51. <para>Ask for a menu and for help in reading it. Discuss with the waiter or
  52. waitress what the various dishes are. Ask for suggestions in ordering the
  53. meal.</para>
  54. </listitem>
  55. <listitem>
  56. <para>Comment on the meal: how the dishes were made, which were most pleasing,
  57. and when you’ve had enough.</para>
  58. </listitem>
  59. <listitem>
  60. <para>Ask for the check and ask to have the tip figured into the total.</para>
  61. </listitem>
  62. <listitem>
  63. <para>Call to make reservations for a dinner party. Discuss the menu and cost of
  64. the dinner.</para>
  65. </listitem>
  66. <listitem>
  67. <para>List the different types of courses which go to make up a banquet: cold
  68. dishes, main courses, soups, and desserts.</para>
  69. </listitem>
  70. <listitem>
  71. <para>Partake in a formal banquet: toasting friends, wishing them well, and
  72. responding to the host's hospitality.</para>
  73. </listitem>
  74. </orderedlist>
  75. </section>
  76. </section>
  77. <section>
  78. <title>Unit 1</title>
  79. <section>
  80. <title>Part 1</title>
  81. <section>
  82. <title>Reference List</title>
  83. <section>
  84. <title>Reference Notes</title>
  85. <section>
  86. <title>Notes on Part 1</title>
  87. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī</foreignphrase>: “to
  88. eat”. The verb “to eat” is often expressed using a general object
  89. compound, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī
  90. fàn</foreignphrase>, instead of the simple verb <foreignphrase
  91. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī</foreignphrase>. <informaltable
  92. frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  93. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  94. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  95. <tbody>
  96. <row>
  97. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ chī
  98. fàn le ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
  99. </row>
  100. <row>
  101. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani"
  102. >你吃饭了马?</foreignphrase></entry>
  103. </row>
  104. <row>
  105. <entry>Have you eaten? </entry>
  106. </row>
  107. <row>
  108. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ hái
  109. méi chī fàn. </foreignphrase></entry>
  110. </row>
  111. <row>
  112. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani"
  113. >我还没吃饭。</foreignphrase></entry>
  114. </row>
  115. <row>
  116. <entry> I haven't eaten yet.</entry>
  117. </row>
  118. </tbody>
  119. </tgroup>
  120. </informaltable></para>
  121. <para>
  122. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">suíbiàn</foreignphrase>
  123. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">随便</foreignphrase>: This word meaning
  124. “as you please”, or more literally “following convenience”, has a
  125. variety of uses.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  126. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  127. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  128. <tbody>
  129. <row>
  130. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> Nǐ
  131. suíbiàn mǎi ba.</foreignphrase></entry>
  132. </row>
  133. <row>
  134. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani"
  135. >你随便买吧。</foreignphrase></entry>
  136. </row>
  137. <row>
  138. <entry>Buy what you want. </entry>
  139. </row>
  140. <row>
  141. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ qù
  142. bu qu? Suí nǐde biàn ba.</foreignphrase></entry>
  143. </row>
  144. <row>
  145. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani"
  146. >你去不去?随你的便吧。</foreignphrase></entry>
  147. </row>
  148. <row>
  149. <entry>Are you going? Do what you like. </entry>
  150. </row>
  151. </tbody>
  152. </tgroup>
  153. </informaltable></para>
  154. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guōtiē</foreignphrase>
  155. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">锅贴</foreignphrase>: This has been
  156. translated here as “fried dumpling”, but actually a <foreignphrase
  157. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guōtiē</foreignphrase> differs from a
  158. dumpling in several respects. We usually think of a dumpling as a solid
  159. lump of leavened dough dropped in soup to cook. A <foreignphrase
  160. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guōtiē</foreignphrase>, however, is made
  161. of thin, unleavened dough, which serves as a wrapper for a filling. This
  162. filling may be Chinese cabbage, port, beef, lamb, or any combination,
  163. thereof. Secondly, a <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  164. >guōtiē</foreignphrase> is not dropped in soup, but is steamed and
  165. fried, so that the bottom is crisp and the top is soft. </para>
  166. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bāozi</foreignphrase>
  167. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">包子</foreignphrase>: This is a round
  168. of steamed bread filled with salty stuffing (cabbage, pork, beef,
  169. shrimp, etc.) or sweet stuffing (red bean puree, walnuts, almonds,
  170. etc.). The steamed bread is made from a raised dough and forms a thick
  171. bun, somewhat similar in concept to a hamburger. </para>
  172. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">suān là tāng</foreignphrase>
  173. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">酸辣汤</foreignphrase>: A thick spicy
  174. soup made of pork, white bean curd, “red bean curd” (actually dried
  175. chicken or pork blood), dried tiger lily flowers, mushrooms, bamboo
  176. shoots and egg.</para>
  177. <para>
  178. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎngwǎn...</foreignphrase>
  179. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">两碗酸。。。</foreignphrase>: The word for
  180. “bowl”, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wǎn</foreignphrase>
  181. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">碗</foreignphrase>, is used as a
  182. counter here.</para>
  183. <section>
  184. <title>Dialogue Taipei</title>
  185. <para>A conversation in a small restaurant.</para>
  186. <para/>
  187. </section>
  188. <section>
  189. <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
  190. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hái yào jige bāozi,
  191. zěnmeyàng?</foreignphrase>: The toneless syllable <foreignphrase
  192. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ji-</foreignphrase> means “a few” or
  193. “several”. It may be difficult to distinguish between <foreignphrase
  194. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jige</foreignphrase>. “a few”, from
  195. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jǐge</foreignphrase>,
  196. “how many” in rapid speech. Usually there will be other clues such
  197. as intonation and context to help you distinguish them. This is
  198. discussed again in Unit 3 of the Directions Module. </para>
  199. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bú yào diǎn tài duō
  200. le.</foreignphrase>: The phrase <foreignphrase
  201. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bú yào</foreignphrase> is used to
  202. mean “don't” in sentences expressing a command. You'll learn more
  203. about this in the Transportation Module. The marker le for new
  204. situation is used here to reinforce the idea of “excessive”.
  205. Whenever a speaker says something is excessive, he is actually
  206. saying that it has BECOME excessive. </para>
  207. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐmen diǎn dian
  208. shénme?</foreignphrase>: The first word <foreignphrase
  209. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diǎn</foreignphrase> is the verb “to
  210. order”. The second word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  211. >diǎn</foreignphrase> (from <foreignphrase
  212. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìdiǎn</foreignphrase>, “a little”)
  213. means “some”. </para>
  214. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Èrshige guōtiē, sìge
  215. bāozi</foreignphrase>: You can tell from the amount ordered that
  216. the <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guōtiē</foreignphrase>
  217. are more or less bite-sized, while the <foreignphrase
  218. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bāozi</foreignphrase> are
  219. larger.</para>
  220. </section>
  221. <section>
  222. <title>Dialogue Taipei</title>
  223. <para>A conversation between an American student and a Chinese friend in
  224. front of a small restaurant.</para>
  225. <para/>
  226. </section>
  227. <section>
  228. <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
  229. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  230. >xiǎochìdiàn</foreignphrase>: This is a small place where you
  231. can grab something to eat. (<foreignphrase
  232. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎochī</foreignphrase> means
  233. “snack”.) If you are in a city in China, you are probably not far
  234. from one. A <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  235. >xiǎochīdiàn</foreignphrase> is often run by one or two people.
  236. It may be arranged so that the cooking area faces the street, in
  237. which case you'll probably walk through the kitchen as you head for
  238. a table. Putting the kitchen at the front, facing the street, makes
  239. for better ventilation and allows people on the street to see and
  240. smell what is being cooked. Inside you are likely to find small
  241. tables without tablecloths, and stools. There is generally no menu,
  242. but some of the dishes may be written on a blackboard or on red
  243. pieces of paper which are hung on the wall. Since the <foreignphrase
  244. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎochīdiàn</foreignphrase> is often
  245. a small operation, it may only offer a few things or it may
  246. specialize in serving one type of food, such as noodles or
  247. dumplings. The word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  248. >xiǎo</foreignphrase> in <foreignphrase
  249. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎochīdiàn</foreignphrase>, refers
  250. not to the size of the establishment, but to the types of food
  251. offered.</para>
  252. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen dōu yǒu
  253. shénme?</foreignphrase>: The word <foreignphrase
  254. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dōu</foreignphrase> in this sentence
  255. refers to the object, not the subject. In other words, the sentence
  256. is translated as “What all do they have?” in this context. In
  257. another conversation the same sentence might mean “What do they all
  258. have?”.</para>
  259. <para>This type of question with <foreignphrase
  260. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dōu</foreignphrase> expects an answer
  261. with more than one item mentioned. The <foreignphrase
  262. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dōu</foreignphrase> may be thought to
  263. refer to the object in the answer.<informaltable frame="none"
  264. rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  265. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  266. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  267. <tbody>
  268. <row>
  269. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ
  270. dōu mǎi shénme le?</foreignphrase></entry>
  271. </row>
  272. <row>
  273. <entry/>
  274. </row>
  275. <row>
  276. <entry>What all did you buy?</entry>
  277. </row>
  278. <row>
  279. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
  280. mǎile shíge bāozi, sānjīn píngguo, liùpíng
  281. qìshuǐ.</foreignphrase></entry>
  282. </row>
  283. <row>
  284. <entry/>
  285. </row>
  286. <row>
  287. <entry>I bought ten bāozi, three catties of apples,
  288. six bottles of soda.</entry>
  289. </row>
  290. </tbody>
  291. </tgroup>
  292. </informaltable></para>
  293. <para>But notice that in the answer <foreignphrase
  294. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dōu</foreignphrase> is NOT used even
  295. though the object is plural in number or a series of items.</para>
  296. </section>
  297. </section>
  298. </section>
  299. </section>
  300. </section>
  301. <section>
  302. <title>Part 2</title>
  303. <section>
  304. <title>Reference List </title>
  305. </section>
  306. <section>
  307. <title>Reference Notes</title>
  308. <section>
  309. <title>Notes on Part 2</title>
  310. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhēng jiǎo</foreignphrase>:
  311. These are crescent-shaped dumplings filled with cabbage and meat which are
  312. steam cooked. The steaming is done by-placing the dumplings in a bamboo
  313. basket, which is one layer in a stack of bamboo baskets called a
  314. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhēng lóng</foreignphrase>,
  315. and then placing the whole stack over a container of boiling water.</para>
  316. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi wo lái ...</foreignphrase>:
  317. The verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lái</foreignphrase> here
  318. means not “to come” but “to bring” since it is followed by a noun. The word
  319. gěi is the prepositional verb “for”.</para>
  320. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìlóng zhēng
  321. jiǎo</foreignphrase>: Steamed dumplings are sold by the basket and
  322. served in the basket that they are steamed in. The word for one tier of such
  323. baskets is used as a counter, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  324. >-lòng</foreignphrase> (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  325. >yìlòng</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  326. >liànglòng</foreignphrase>. etc.).</para>
  327. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tāng miàn</foreignphrase>: This
  328. is the name for a class of dishes made of noodles and soup. Unlike the
  329. Western idea of soup with some noodles, <foreignphrase
  330. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tāng miàn</foreignphrase> is basically
  331. noodles with some soup added. Because Northern China is a wheat growing
  332. area, noodles are a staple in the diet of that region. A bowl of noodles can
  333. be used to make a side dish for a large meal, or, with a little soup and
  334. meat added, can be a meal in itself. Noodles are commonly made in
  335. six-to-ten-foot lengths in China, and are regarded as a symbol of
  336. longevity.</para>
  337. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎo miàn</foreignphrase>: One
  338. of the verbs translated “to fry” is <foreignphrase
  339. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎo</foreignphrase>. It is also sometimes
  340. translated as “stir fry”. The Chinese language has several verbs meaning “to
  341. fry”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Chǎo</foreignphrase> means
  342. to fry in a little oil, stirring rapidly and constantly, not unlike
  343. sautéing.</para>
  344. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niúròu miàn</foreignphrase>:
  345. This dish consists of noodles in soup with pieces of beef. The word for
  346. “beef” is <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niúròu</foreignphrase>,
  347. literally “cow”, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  348. >niú</foreignphrase> and “meat”, <foreignphrase
  349. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ròu</foreignphrase>. In the names of Chinese
  350. dishes, the thing the dish is primarily composed of, in this case noodles,
  351. is at the end of the phrase. Those words coming before describe the
  352. additional foods with which the dish is prepared or the style in which it is
  353. prepared.</para>
  354. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǎozi</foreignphrase>: A
  355. crescent-shaped dumpling, made of white dough and stuffed with a mixture of
  356. meat and scallions or mixed vegetables. <foreignphrase
  357. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jiǎozi</foreignphrase> may be served steamed,
  358. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhēng jiǎo</foreignphrase> or
  359. boiled, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuǐ jiǎo</foreignphrase>.
  360. It is said that Marco Polo took the idea of these dumplings back to Italy
  361. inspiring the creation of ravioli.</para>
  362. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ròusī miàn</foreignphrase>: This
  363. is noodles in soup with shreds of pork and vegetables. Actually, the word
  364. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ròu</foreignphrase> means
  365. simply “meat”, not “pork”. But the basic meat of China has always been pork,
  366. and therefore <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ròu</foreignphrase>
  367. on a menu refers to pork unless otherwise specified.</para>
  368. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shénmede</foreignphrase>: This
  369. word, used after a series of nouns, means “and so on” or
  370. “etcetera”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  371. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  372. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  373. <tbody>
  374. <row>
  375. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qìshuǐ,
  376. píjiǔ, shénmede dōu děi mǎi.</foreignphrase></entry>
  377. </row>
  378. <row>
  379. <entry/>
  380. </row>
  381. <row>
  382. <entry>We need to buy soda, beer, and so on.</entry>
  383. </row>
  384. </tbody>
  385. </tgroup>
  386. </informaltable></para>
  387. </section>
  388. <section>
  389. <title>Dialogue Taipei</title>
  390. <para>A conversation between a waiter and a customer at a small eatery.</para>
  391. <para/>
  392. </section>
  393. <section>
  394. <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
  395. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duōshaoge</foreignphrase>: The
  396. word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duōshao</foreignphrase> may
  397. be used either with or without a counter.</para>
  398. <para/>
  399. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sānxiān</foreignphrase>: This
  400. word occurs in the names of rice dishes, noodle dishes and soups. It can be
  401. roughly translated as “three delicacies”, more literally, “three fresh”. It
  402. means that the dish is made with two different meats, such as chicken and
  403. pork, and a seafood, such as shrimp, in addition to the vegetables.</para>
  404. </section>
  405. <section>
  406. <title>Dialogue Taipei</title>
  407. <para>A conversation at another small eatery.</para>
  408. <para/>
  409. </section>
  410. </section>
  411. </section>
  412. <section>
  413. <title>Part 3</title>
  414. <section>
  415. <title>Reference List</title>
  416. <para/>
  417. </section>
  418. <section>
  419. <title>Reference Notes</title>
  420. <section>
  421. <title>Notes on Part 3</title>
  422. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎo jīdàn</foreignphrase>: This
  423. is literally translated as “fried eggs”. Since <foreignphrase
  424. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎo</foreignphrase> means “to stir fry”,
  425. however, it actually refers to scrambled eggs.</para>
  426. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kǎo miànbāo</foreignphrase>:
  427. “Toast”. This phrase is the verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  428. >kǎo</foreignphrase> “to roast” and the word for “bread”, <foreignphrase
  429. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">miànbāo</foreignphrase>.</para>
  430. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng zài lái...</foreignphrase>:
  431. Here again you see the verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  432. >lái</foreignphrase> used to mean “bring”. The word <foreignphrase
  433. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài</foreignphrase> is the adverb “again”.
  434. Literally translated, this phrase means something like “Please again
  435. bring...”. This is the standard way to ask someone to bring more of
  436. something.</para>
  437. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shāobing</foreignphrase>: This
  438. is a baked roll with layers of dough and covered with sesame seeds. It comes
  439. in two shapes, one oblong and the other round like an English muffin, only
  440. not as thick. It is usually eaten at breakfast.</para>
  441. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎnggēn
  442. yóutiáo</foreignphrase>: This is a long, twisted, puffy roll which is
  443. deep-fried. It resembles a cruller, but it is not sweet. Literally, the name
  444. means “oil stick”. It is usually eaten at breakfast, along with
  445. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòujiāng</foreignphrase> and
  446. perhaps a <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  447. >shǎobing</foreignphrase>. The counter for long, thin objects, like
  448. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yóutiáo</foreignphrase> is
  449. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-gēn</foreignphrase>.</para>
  450. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòujiāng</foreignphrase>: This
  451. is a liquid produced when bean curd, <foreignphrase
  452. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòufu</foreignphrase>, is made from soybeans.
  453. It is white, resembling milk, and high in protein. It may be flavored so
  454. that it is sweet or salty. It is sometimes called soybean milk.</para>
  455. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tiánde/xiānde</foreignphrase>:
  456. Many foods in China such as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  457. >bāozi</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  458. >dòujiāng</foreignphrase> come in two sorts: <foreignphrase
  459. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tiánde</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
  460. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiānde</foreignphrase>. Although the Chinese
  461. categorize foods as either salty or sweet, this does not mean that food
  462. which is labeled “salty” is terribly salty. Sometimes the label “salty”
  463. simply means “not sweet”.</para>
  464. </section>
  465. </section>
  466. <section>
  467. <title>Dialogue Peking</title>
  468. <para>A conversation at the Peking Hotel.</para>
  469. <para/>
  470. </section>
  471. <section>
  472. <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
  473. <para>Breakfast at the Peking Hotel: The Peking Hotel is said to have the best
  474. Western style food in the city. While they serve both Western and Chinese style
  475. lunches and dinners, they are not always prepared to serve certain kinds of
  476. Chinese breakfast foods, such as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  477. >shāobing</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  478. >yóutiáo</foreignphrase>. If you would like to eat these typical Chinese
  479. breakfast foods you should ask in advance.</para>
  480. <para/>
  481. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīfàn</foreignphrase>: This is
  482. another breakfast food. It is a white porridge made of rice and water. In the
  483. northern parts of China it is eaten along with salted pickles, ham, salted
  484. vegetables, salted eggs or peanuts.</para>
  485. <para/>
  486. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mántou</foreignphrase>: “Steamed
  487. bread”. While the word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  488. >miànbāo</foreignphrase> refers to Western style bread, <foreignphrase
  489. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mántou</foreignphrase> refers to a Chinese
  490. version of bread, a large steamed roll made of white dough. It is heavy and
  491. moist with no crust.</para>
  492. </section>
  493. </section>
  494. <section>
  495. <title>Unit Vocabulary List</title>
  496. <para>
  497. <informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
  498. <tgroup cols="3">
  499. <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  500. <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  501. <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
  502. <tbody>
  503. <row>
  504. <entry>
  505. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bāozi</foreignphrase>
  506. </entry>
  507. <entry>
  508. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">包子</foreignphrase>
  509. </entry>
  510. <entry> steamed rolls made of bread dough with a filling of meat
  511. and/or vegetables, or sweet bean paste. </entry>
  512. </row>
  513. <row>
  514. <entry>
  515. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">càidānzi
  516. (yìzhāng)</foreignphrase>
  517. </entry>
  518. <entry>
  519. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">菜单子(一张)</foreignphrase>
  520. </entry>
  521. <entry> menu </entry>
  522. </row>
  523. <row>
  524. <entry>
  525. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎo</foreignphrase>
  526. </entry>
  527. <entry>
  528. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">炒</foreignphrase>
  529. </entry>
  530. <entry> fried, to fry, sauté </entry>
  531. </row>
  532. <row>
  533. <entry>
  534. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎo
  535. miàn</foreignphrase>
  536. </entry>
  537. <entry>
  538. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">炒面</foreignphrase>
  539. </entry>
  540. <entry> fried noodles </entry>
  541. </row>
  542. <row>
  543. <entry>
  544. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī</foreignphrase>
  545. </entry>
  546. <entry>
  547. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">吃</foreignphrase>
  548. </entry>
  549. <entry> to eat </entry>
  550. </row>
  551. <row>
  552. <entry>
  553. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diǎn</foreignphrase>
  554. </entry>
  555. <entry>
  556. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">点</foreignphrase>
  557. </entry>
  558. <entry> to order </entry>
  559. </row>
  560. <row>
  561. <entry>
  562. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  563. >dòujiāng</foreignphrase>
  564. </entry>
  565. <entry>
  566. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">豆浆</foreignphrase>
  567. </entry>
  568. <entry> soy bean milk, soy milk </entry>
  569. </row>
  570. <row>
  571. <entry>
  572. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi nín
  573. yùbei</foreignphrase>
  574. </entry>
  575. <entry>
  576. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">给您预备</foreignphrase>
  577. </entry>
  578. <entry> to prepare for you </entry>
  579. </row>
  580. <row>
  581. <entry>
  582. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi wǒ lái
  583. (...)</foreignphrase>
  584. </entry>
  585. <entry>
  586. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">给我来(。。。) </foreignphrase>
  587. </entry>
  588. <entry> bring me (something) </entry>
  589. </row>
  590. <row>
  591. <entry>
  592. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guōtiē</foreignphrase>
  593. </entry>
  594. <entry>
  595. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">锅贴</foreignphrase>
  596. </entry>
  597. <entry> steam-fried dumplings </entry>
  598. </row>
  599. <row>
  600. <entry>
  601. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hē</foreignphrase>
  602. </entry>
  603. <entry>
  604. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">喝</foreignphrase>
  605. </entry>
  606. <entry> to drink </entry>
  607. </row>
  608. <row>
  609. <entry>
  610. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huǒtuǐ</foreignphrase>
  611. </entry>
  612. <entry>
  613. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">火腿</foreignphrase>
  614. </entry>
  615. <entry> ham </entry>
  616. </row>
  617. <row>
  618. <entry>
  619. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-jiǎo</foreignphrase>
  620. </entry>
  621. <entry>
  622. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">-饺</foreignphrase>
  623. </entry>
  624. <entry> dumpling </entry>
  625. </row>
  626. <row>
  627. <entry>
  628. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǎozi</foreignphrase>
  629. </entry>
  630. <entry>
  631. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">饺子</foreignphrase>
  632. </entry>
  633. <entry> boiled dumpling </entry>
  634. </row>
  635. <row>
  636. <entry>
  637. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jīdàn</foreignphrase>
  638. </entry>
  639. <entry>
  640. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鸡蛋</foreignphrase>
  641. </entry>
  642. <entry> (chicken) egg </entry>
  643. </row>
  644. <row>
  645. <entry>
  646. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">júzi
  647. shuǐ</foreignphrase>
  648. </entry>
  649. <entry>
  650. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">桔子水</foreignphrase>
  651. </entry>
  652. <entry> orangeade, orange juice </entry>
  653. </row>
  654. <row>
  655. <entry>
  656. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāfēi</foreignphrase>
  657. </entry>
  658. <entry>
  659. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">咖啡</foreignphrase>
  660. </entry>
  661. <entry> coffee </entry>
  662. </row>
  663. <row>
  664. <entry>
  665. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kǎo</foreignphrase>
  666. </entry>
  667. <entry>
  668. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">烤</foreignphrase>
  669. </entry>
  670. <entry> roasted, toasted </entry>
  671. </row>
  672. <row>
  673. <entry>
  674. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">là</foreignphrase>
  675. </entry>
  676. <entry>
  677. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">辣</foreignphrase>
  678. </entry>
  679. <entry> peppery-hot </entry>
  680. </row>
  681. <row>
  682. <entry>
  683. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mántou</foreignphrase>
  684. </entry>
  685. <entry>
  686. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">馒头</foreignphrase>
  687. </entry>
  688. <entry> steamed bread </entry>
  689. </row>
  690. <row>
  691. <entry>
  692. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">miàn</foreignphrase>
  693. </entry>
  694. <entry>
  695. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">面</foreignphrase>
  696. </entry>
  697. <entry> noodles </entry>
  698. </row>
  699. <row>
  700. <entry>
  701. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  702. >miànbāo</foreignphrase>
  703. </entry>
  704. <entry>
  705. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">面包</foreignphrase>
  706. </entry>
  707. <entry> bread </entry>
  708. </row>
  709. <row>
  710. <entry>
  711. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niúròu</foreignphrase>
  712. </entry>
  713. <entry>
  714. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">牛肉</foreignphrase>
  715. </entry>
  716. <entry> beef </entry>
  717. </row>
  718. <row>
  719. <entry>
  720. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niúròu
  721. miàn</foreignphrase>
  722. </entry>
  723. <entry>
  724. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">牛肉面</foreignphrase>
  725. </entry>
  726. <entry> soup-noodles with beef </entry>
  727. </row>
  728. <row>
  729. <entry>
  730. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">páigǔ
  731. miàn</foreignphrase>
  732. </entry>
  733. <entry>
  734. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">排骨面</foreignphrase>
  735. </entry>
  736. <entry> soup-noodles with a pork chop </entry>
  737. </row>
  738. <row>
  739. <entry>
  740. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng zài
  741. lái...</foreignphrase>
  742. </entry>
  743. <entry>
  744. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">请在来。。。</foreignphrase>
  745. </entry>
  746. <entry> Please bring another... </entry>
  747. </row>
  748. <row>
  749. <entry>
  750. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ròusī chǎo
  751. miàn</foreignphrase>
  752. </entry>
  753. <entry>
  754. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肉丝炒面</foreignphrase>
  755. </entry>
  756. <entry> fried noodles with shreds of pork </entry>
  757. </row>
  758. <row>
  759. <entry>
  760. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ròusi
  761. miàn</foreignphrase>
  762. </entry>
  763. <entry>
  764. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肉丝面</foreignphrase>
  765. </entry>
  766. <entry> soup-noodles with shreds of pork </entry>
  767. </row>
  768. <row>
  769. <entry>
  770. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sānxiān chǎo
  771. miàn</foreignphrase>
  772. </entry>
  773. <entry>
  774. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">三鲜炒面</foreignphrase>
  775. </entry>
  776. <entry> noodles fried with three fresh things </entry>
  777. </row>
  778. <row>
  779. <entry>
  780. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  781. >shāobing</foreignphrase>
  782. </entry>
  783. <entry>
  784. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">饼</foreignphrase>
  785. </entry>
  786. <entry> sesame rolls </entry>
  787. </row>
  788. <row>
  789. <entry>
  790. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  791. >...shénmede</foreignphrase>
  792. </entry>
  793. <entry>
  794. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">。。。什么的</foreignphrase>
  795. </entry>
  796. <entry> ...and so on </entry>
  797. </row>
  798. <row>
  799. <entry>
  800. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  801. >shuǐguǒ</foreignphrase>
  802. </entry>
  803. <entry>
  804. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">水果</foreignphrase>
  805. </entry>
  806. <entry> fruit </entry>
  807. </row>
  808. <row>
  809. <entry>
  810. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">suān</foreignphrase>
  811. </entry>
  812. <entry>
  813. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">酸</foreignphrase>
  814. </entry>
  815. <entry> to he sour </entry>
  816. </row>
  817. <row>
  818. <entry>
  819. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  820. >suíbiàn</foreignphrase>
  821. </entry>
  822. <entry>
  823. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani"> 随便</foreignphrase>
  824. </entry>
  825. <entry> as you like </entry>
  826. </row>
  827. <row>
  828. <entry>
  829. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tāng</foreignphrase>
  830. </entry>
  831. <entry>
  832. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">汤</foreignphrase>
  833. </entry>
  834. <entry> soup </entry>
  835. </row>
  836. <row>
  837. <entry>
  838. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tāng
  839. miàn</foreignphrase>
  840. </entry>
  841. <entry>
  842. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">汤面</foreignphrase>
  843. </entry>
  844. <entry> soup-noodles </entry>
  845. </row>
  846. <row>
  847. <entry>
  848. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tián</foreignphrase>
  849. </entry>
  850. <entry>
  851. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">甜</foreignphrase>
  852. </entry>
  853. <entry> to be sweet </entry>
  854. </row>
  855. <row>
  856. <entry>
  857. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xián</foreignphrase>
  858. </entry>
  859. <entry>
  860. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">咸</foreignphrase>
  861. </entry>
  862. <entry> to be salty </entry>
  863. </row>
  864. <row>
  865. <entry>
  866. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  867. >xiāngjiāo</foreignphrase>
  868. </entry>
  869. <entry>
  870. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">香蕉</foreignphrase>
  871. </entry>
  872. <entry> banana </entry>
  873. </row>
  874. <row>
  875. <entry>
  876. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīfàn</foreignphrase>
  877. </entry>
  878. <entry>
  879. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">稀饭</foreignphrase>
  880. </entry>
  881. <entry> gruel of rice and water </entry>
  882. </row>
  883. <row>
  884. <entry>
  885. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  886. >xīhóngshìzhī</foreignphrase>
  887. </entry>
  888. <entry>
  889. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">西红柿汁</foreignphrase>
  890. </entry>
  891. <entry> tomato juice </entry>
  892. </row>
  893. <row>
  894. <entry>
  895. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yàngzi</foreignphrase>
  896. </entry>
  897. <entry>
  898. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">样子</foreignphrase>
  899. </entry>
  900. <entry> kind, variety </entry>
  901. </row>
  902. <row>
  903. <entry>
  904. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìlóng</foreignphrase>
  905. </entry>
  906. <entry>
  907. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">*笼</foreignphrase>
  908. </entry>
  909. <entry> a tier of a steamer </entry>
  910. </row>
  911. <row>
  912. <entry>
  913. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  914. >yóutiáo</foreignphrase>
  915. </entry>
  916. <entry>
  917. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">油条</foreignphrase>
  918. </entry>
  919. <entry> deep-fried twist </entry>
  920. </row>
  921. <row>
  922. <entry>
  923. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhēng</foreignphrase>
  924. </entry>
  925. <entry>
  926. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">蒸</foreignphrase>
  927. </entry>
  928. <entry> to cook something hy steaming </entry>
  929. </row>
  930. </tbody>
  931. </tgroup>
  932. </informaltable></para>
  933. </section>
  934. </section>
  935. <section>
  936. <title>Unit 2</title>
  937. <section>
  938. <title>Part 1</title>
  939. <section>
  940. <title>Reference List</title>
  941. </section>
  942. <section>
  943. <title>Notes on Part 1</title>
  944. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kèfàn</foreignphrase>: This refers
  945. to a type of meal in which soup, a main dish, rice and tea are all served for
  946. one price. Much of the meal is prepared ahead of time, which makes it quick,
  947. convenient and inexpensive for the customer. It is referred to here as a “fixed
  948. meal”. Other translations are “fixed dinner”, “blue plate special” and
  949. “combination plate”.</para>
  950. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kèfàn jiù yǒu yìzhǒng
  951. ma?</foreignphrase>: When you ask this question, the person you are speaking
  952. to might think you are asking about the different price categories that
  953. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kèfàn</foreignphrase> is available
  954. in. Restaurants which offer <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  955. >kèfàn</foreignphrase> often have an inexpensive, a moderate and a
  956. top-of-the-line <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kèfàn</foreignphrase>
  957. each day.</para>
  958. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cài</foreignphrase>: This is the
  959. word for any dish which is not soup, rice or noodles.</para>
  960. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yòng</foreignphrase>: Like the word
  961. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase>, “to give”,
  962. the word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yòng</foreignphrase> can act
  963. as either a full verb or a prepositional verb. As a full verb, it means “to
  964. use”. As a prepositional verb, it means “with”. Here are some examples of both
  965. usages.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  966. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  967. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  968. <tbody>
  969. <row>
  970. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ kéyi yòng
  971. wǒde diànshàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
  972. </row>
  973. <row>
  974. <entry/>
  975. </row>
  976. <row>
  977. <entry>You can use my electric fan.</entry>
  978. </row>
  979. <row>
  980. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā yòng kuàizi
  981. chī fàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
  982. </row>
  983. <row>
  984. <entry/>
  985. </row>
  986. <row>
  987. <entry>He eats with chopsticks.</entry>
  988. </row>
  989. </tbody>
  990. </tgroup>
  991. </informaltable></para>
  992. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jī</foreignphrase>: While often the
  993. word for a type of meat, such as “beef”, <foreignphrase
  994. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niúròu</foreignphrase>, contains the syllable
  995. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ròu</foreignphrase>, “meat”, the
  996. word for chicken does not.</para>
  997. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàcì</foreignphrase>: The words for
  998. “last time”, “this time” and “next time” are formed according to the same
  999. principle as you've learned for other time words, like “last week” and “last
  1000. month”.</para>
  1001. <para>
  1002. <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  1003. <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
  1004. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  1005. <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
  1006. <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
  1007. <tbody>
  1008. <row>
  1009. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1010. >shàngcì</foreignphrase></entry>
  1011. <entry/>
  1012. <entry>last time</entry>
  1013. </row>
  1014. <row>
  1015. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shàngge
  1016. xīngqī</foreignphrase></entry>
  1017. <entry/>
  1018. <entry>last week</entry>
  1019. </row>
  1020. <row>
  1021. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shàngge
  1022. yuè</foreignphrase></entry>
  1023. <entry/>
  1024. <entry>last month</entry>
  1025. </row>
  1026. </tbody>
  1027. </tgroup>
  1028. </informaltable>
  1029. <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  1030. <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
  1031. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  1032. <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
  1033. <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
  1034. <tbody>
  1035. <row>
  1036. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1037. >zhècì</foreignphrase></entry>
  1038. <entry/>
  1039. <entry>this time</entry>
  1040. </row>
  1041. <row>
  1042. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhège
  1043. xīngqī</foreignphrase></entry>
  1044. <entry/>
  1045. <entry>this week</entry>
  1046. </row>
  1047. <row>
  1048. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhège
  1049. yuè</foreignphrase></entry>
  1050. <entry/>
  1051. <entry>this month</entry>
  1052. </row>
  1053. </tbody>
  1054. </tgroup>
  1055. </informaltable>
  1056. <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  1057. <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
  1058. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  1059. <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
  1060. <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
  1061. <tbody>
  1062. <row>
  1063. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1064. >xiàcì</foreignphrase></entry>
  1065. <entry/>
  1066. <entry>next time</entry>
  1067. </row>
  1068. <row>
  1069. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàge
  1070. xīngqī</foreignphrase></entry>
  1071. <entry/>
  1072. <entry>next week</entry>
  1073. </row>
  1074. <row>
  1075. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàge
  1076. yuè</foreignphrase></entry>
  1077. <entry/>
  1078. <entry>next month</entry>
  1079. </row>
  1080. </tbody>
  1081. </tgroup>
  1082. </informaltable>
  1083. </para>
  1084. </section>
  1085. <section>
  1086. <title>Dialogue Taipei</title>
  1087. <para>A conversation between an American woman and a Chinese friend, who are out to
  1088. eat on their lunch hour.</para>
  1089. <para/>
  1090. </section>
  1091. <section>
  1092. <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
  1093. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nà</foreignphrase>: At the beginning
  1094. of the sentence, nà means “then” or “well then”.</para>
  1095. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yǒu sān-sìzhǒng</foreignphrase>:
  1096. “three or four kinds”. Two consecutive numbers may be used together to give the
  1097. idea of an approximate figure. The exception to this rule is that 10 and
  1098. multiples of 10 can not combine with the number coming immediately before or
  1099. after them. You will learn this in more detail in the Transportation
  1100. Module.</para>
  1101. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hǎo. Nǐ yào yíge qīngjiāo
  1102. niúròu.</foreignphrase>: While at an informal meal each person at the table
  1103. may choose one of the dishes, everyone at a Chinese meal eats from all the
  1104. dishes, which are put in the center of the table.</para>
  1105. </section>
  1106. <section>
  1107. <title>Dialogue Taipei</title>
  1108. <para>A conversation in a small restaurant.</para>
  1109. <para/>
  1110. </section>
  1111. <section>
  1112. <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
  1113. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hǎo bu hǎochī?</foreignphrase>: The
  1114. compound <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hǎochī</foreignphrase>, “to
  1115. be tasty”, can be broken apart to form a question.</para>
  1116. <para>Kèfàn dōu yǒu shénme yàngde cài<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1117. >?</foreignphrase>: The adverb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1118. >dōu</foreignphrase> in this sentence refers to the plural subject
  1119. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kèfàn</foreignphrase>, “fixed
  1120. dinners”.</para>
  1121. </section>
  1122. </section>
  1123. <section>
  1124. <title>Part 2</title>
  1125. <section>
  1126. <title>Reference List</title>
  1127. </section>
  1128. <section>
  1129. <title>Reference Notes</title>
  1130. <section>
  1131. <title>Notes on Part 2</title>
  1132. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiārén</foreignphrase>: This
  1133. word refers to small shrimp without shells.</para>
  1134. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòufu</foreignphrase>: “Bean
  1135. curd”. This is a soft white substance made from soybeans, with the
  1136. consistency of jello or custard. It has only a faint taste, but is rich in
  1137. protein and minerals. It is a staple found all over the Orient and may be
  1138. found in everyday food as well as festive foods.</para>
  1139. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bú cuò</foreignphrase>: This
  1140. phrase is used for “not bad”, in the sense of “pretty good”, “pretty well”,
  1141. “all right”.</para>
  1142. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bié kèqi</foreignphrase>:
  1143. Because this phrase is one of the most basic phrases in the system of
  1144. Chinese customs and manner, it is difficult to translate. Here, it may be
  1145. translated as “Don't be formal.” or “Don't stand on ceremony.” But it should
  1146. be viewed in context to determine its full meaning.</para>
  1147. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǎo</foreignphrase>: This is an
  1148. adjectival verb meaning “to be satisfied”, literally “to be full”.</para>
  1149. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ duō chī
  1150. yìdiǎn</foreignphrase>: Notice the word order of this sentence. The word
  1151. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duō</foreignphrase> is used as
  1152. an adverb, and therefore precedes the verb <foreignphrase
  1153. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī</foreignphrase>. The word <foreignphrase
  1154. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìdiǎn</foreignphrase> is used as the object
  1155. of the action and therefore follows the verb.</para>
  1156. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zài chī</foreignphrase>: The
  1157. word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài</foreignphrase> can be
  1158. used as a marker of ongoing action. You’ll learn more about this in the
  1159. Meeting Module.</para>
  1160. </section>
  1161. <section>
  1162. <title>Dialogue Taipei</title>
  1163. <para/>
  1164. </section>
  1165. <section>
  1166. <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
  1167. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nī zài diǎn yíge
  1168. ba.</foreignphrase>: The word zài here means “additionally” or
  1169. “more”.</para>
  1170. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xiǎng tài duō le, Bú yào cài
  1171. le ba.</foreignphrase>; Here are two examples of the marker le for new
  1172. situations. In the first sentence it is necessary to use le to indicate that
  1173. the food order has now become too much. In the second sentence, it is
  1174. necessary to use the marker le to indicate that the meat and vegetable is
  1175. not wanted anymore.</para>
  1176. <para/>
  1177. </section>
  1178. <section>
  1179. <title>Dialogue Taipei</title>
  1180. <para>At another small restaurant.</para>
  1181. <para/>
  1182. </section>
  1183. <section>
  1184. <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
  1185. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài lai yíge tāng,
  1186. zěnmeyàng?</foreignphrase>: Here you see another example of the word
  1187. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài</foreignphrase>. meaning
  1188. “additionally” or “more”.</para>
  1189. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ xiǎng bu xiang chī dian
  1190. tiǎnde dōngxi?</foreignphrase>: The Chinese are not accustomed to eating
  1191. desserts as are some other cultures. While they have invented some rather
  1192. delicious desserts, these are usually served only at more formal dinners. At
  1193. a modest meal or in a <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1194. >xiǎochīdiàn</foreignphrase>, the only dessert available is probably
  1195. fruit.</para>
  1196. </section>
  1197. </section>
  1198. </section>
  1199. <section>
  1200. <title>Part 3</title>
  1201. <section>
  1202. <title>Reference List</title>
  1203. </section>
  1204. <section>
  1205. <title>Reference Notes</title>
  1206. <section>
  1207. <title>Notes on Part 3</title>
  1208. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhīdao</foreignphrase>: The verb
  1209. “to know”, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhīdao</foreignphrase>
  1210. is a state verb and therefore can be negated, only with the syllable
  1211. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1212. >bù</foreignphrase>.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  1213. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  1214. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  1215. <tbody>
  1216. <row>
  1217. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zuótian
  1218. bù zhīdao tā zài nār.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1219. </row>
  1220. <row>
  1221. <entry/>
  1222. </row>
  1223. <row>
  1224. <entry>Yesterday I didn’t know where he was.</entry>
  1225. </row>
  1226. </tbody>
  1227. </tgroup>
  1228. </informaltable></para>
  1229. <para>Notice also that the verb “to know, <foreignphrase
  1230. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhīdao</foreignphrase>, has a neutral tone on
  1231. the last syllable. But when it is negated, the verb “to know” has tones on
  1232. all syllables,<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> bù
  1233. zhīdào</foreignphrase>.</para>
  1234. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ jiàode tài duō
  1235. le.</foreignphrase>: “You've ordered too much.” A more literal
  1236. translation might be “What you’ve ordered is too much. The phrase
  1237. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ jiàode</foreignphrase> is a
  1238. modifying phrase with the modified noun (perhaps “food” or “dishes”)
  1239. deleted.</para>
  1240. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Mápó dòufu</foreignphrase>: This
  1241. is a peppery hot dish made of bean curd, finely chopped beef or pork and hot
  1242. bean paste. This dish is typical of the Szechuan style of cooking, which is
  1243. noted for hot spicy dishes.</para>
  1244. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yúxiāng qiézi</foreignphrase>:
  1245. This name literally means “fragrant-fish eggplant”. However, there is no
  1246. fish used in the preparation of the dish. It is made with scallions, ginger,
  1247. garlic, hot bean paste, vinegar and soy sauce. <foreignphrase
  1248. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yúxiāng</foreignphrase> refers to a famous
  1249. Szechuan manner of preparation which was originally used to make fish
  1250. dishes, but was later applied to other foods, such as pork, beef, and
  1251. eggplant.</para>
  1252. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jīdīng</foreignphrase>: Earlier
  1253. you saw the word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1254. >jīpiān</foreignphrase>, “chicken slices”, now you see the word
  1255. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jīdīng</foreignphrase>, which
  1256. means “chicken cubes” or “diced chicken. Both are commonly used in the names
  1257. of dishes.</para>
  1258. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngbǎo jīdīng</foreignphrase>:
  1259. This is a famous dish which originated in Szechuan. It is made with diced
  1260. chicken, bamboo shoots, scallions, red peppers, soy sauce, and
  1261. garlic.</para>
  1262. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiārén guōba
  1263. tāng</foreignphrase>: This is a shrimp and tomato soup into which
  1264. squares of dried crispy rice are dropped. These squares of rice bear some
  1265. resemblance to “rice crisps”. They are the crisp browned part of the rice
  1266. left at the bottom of the pot. As the crispy rice squares are poured into
  1267. the hot soup, a sizzling, crackling sound is given off.</para>
  1268. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">básī píngguo</foreignphrase>:
  1269. This is a dessert made of apple slices Which are covered with a light batter
  1270. and deep fried. The fried apples are then dipped in a hot mixture of
  1271. sugar-syrup and sesame seeds. The apples are coated much in the same way
  1272. taffy apples are. These hot sugar-coated apples are then dropped into a bowl
  1273. of ice water, which hardens the sugar syrup covering into a crisp candy
  1274. coating. The result is a dessert which combines a number of textures and
  1275. tastes. The name for this dessert is translated many ways: “spun taffy
  1276. apples”, “caramel apple fritters”, “pulled silk apples”. Bananas can also be
  1277. prepared in this way.</para>
  1278. </section>
  1279. <section>
  1280. <title>Dialogue Taipei</title>
  1281. <para>A conversation between two Chinese friends who are out to dinner in a
  1282. Szechwan restaurant.</para>
  1283. <para/>
  1284. </section>
  1285. <section>
  1286. <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
  1287. <para>Dinner in a Szechuan Restaurant; China has a rich and varied tradition of
  1288. cooking, due to the size of the country, the many different foods available,
  1289. and the long history of its culture. The numerous styles of cooking may be
  1290. grouped into the following schools: The Northern School (<foreignphrase
  1291. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīng cài</foreignphrase>), The Sichuan School
  1292. (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Chuān Cài</foreignphrase>),
  1293. The <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Húnán</foreignphrase> School
  1294. (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiāng Cài</foreignphrase>),
  1295. The <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shànghǎi</foreignphrase>
  1296. School (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hù Cài</foreignphrase>).
  1297. The <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fújiàn</foreignphrase> School
  1298. (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Mǐn Cài</foreignphrase>), The
  1299. Canton School (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yuè
  1300. Cài</foreignphrase>), each with its own distinct style and famous
  1301. dishes. It is common to find restaurants representing most of these schools
  1302. of cooking in many cities in China.</para>
  1303. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dāngrán hái yào yíge
  1304. tāng</foreignphrase>: The speaker says “Naturally we'll also want a
  1305. soup.” because soup is a part of every Chinese meal, from the simplest lunch
  1306. to the most elaborate dinner. The reason for this is that, unless toasts are
  1307. being drunk, the Chinese do not drink beverages along with their meal. The
  1308. soup, which is served at the end of the meal, is the main liquid of the
  1309. meal.</para>
  1310. <para/>
  1311. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sháor
  1312. (sháozi)/tiáogēng</foreignphrase>: The word <foreignphrase
  1313. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sháor</foreignphrase> is used more in Peking,
  1314. while <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tiáogēng</foreignphrase> is
  1315. used in other parts of the country, too.</para>
  1316. </section>
  1317. </section>
  1318. </section>
  1319. <section>
  1320. <title>Unit Vocabulary List</title>
  1321. <para>
  1322. <informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
  1323. <tgroup cols="3">
  1324. <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  1325. <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  1326. <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
  1327. <tbody>
  1328. <row>
  1329. <entry>
  1330. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1331. >shàngcì</foreignphrase>
  1332. </entry>
  1333. <entry>
  1334. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">上次</foreignphrase>
  1335. </entry>
  1336. <entry> last time </entry>
  1337. </row>
  1338. <row>
  1339. <entry>
  1340. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shàngge
  1341. xīngqī</foreignphrase>
  1342. </entry>
  1343. <entry>
  1344. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">上个星期</foreignphrase>
  1345. </entry>
  1346. <entry> last week </entry>
  1347. </row>
  1348. <row>
  1349. <entry>
  1350. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shàngge
  1351. yuè</foreignphrase>
  1352. </entry>
  1353. <entry>
  1354. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">上个月</foreignphrase>
  1355. </entry>
  1356. <entry> last month </entry>
  1357. </row>
  1358. <row>
  1359. <entry>
  1360. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhècì</foreignphrase>
  1361. </entry>
  1362. <entry>
  1363. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">这次</foreignphrase>
  1364. </entry>
  1365. <entry> this time </entry>
  1366. </row>
  1367. <row>
  1368. <entry>
  1369. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhège
  1370. xīngqī</foreignphrase>
  1371. </entry>
  1372. <entry>
  1373. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">这个星期</foreignphrase>
  1374. </entry>
  1375. <entry> this week </entry>
  1376. </row>
  1377. <row>
  1378. <entry>
  1379. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhège
  1380. yuè</foreignphrase>
  1381. </entry>
  1382. <entry>
  1383. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">这个月</foreignphrase>
  1384. </entry>
  1385. <entry> this month </entry>
  1386. </row>
  1387. <row>
  1388. <entry>
  1389. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàcì</foreignphrase>
  1390. </entry>
  1391. <entry>
  1392. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">下次</foreignphrase>
  1393. </entry>
  1394. <entry> next time </entry>
  1395. </row>
  1396. <row>
  1397. <entry>
  1398. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàge
  1399. xīngqī</foreignphrase>
  1400. </entry>
  1401. <entry>
  1402. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">下个星期</foreignphrase>
  1403. </entry>
  1404. <entry> next week </entry>
  1405. </row>
  1406. <row>
  1407. <entry>
  1408. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàge
  1409. yuè</foreignphrase>
  1410. </entry>
  1411. <entry>
  1412. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">下个月</foreignphrase>
  1413. </entry>
  1414. <entry> next month </entry>
  1415. </row>
  1416. <row>
  1417. <entry>
  1418. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">báicài</foreignphrase>
  1419. </entry>
  1420. <entry>
  1421. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">白菜</foreignphrase>
  1422. </entry>
  1423. <entry> cabbage </entry>
  1424. </row>
  1425. <row>
  1426. <entry>
  1427. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǎo</foreignphrase>
  1428. </entry>
  1429. <entry>
  1430. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">饱</foreignphrase>
  1431. </entry>
  1432. <entry> to be satisfied </entry>
  1433. </row>
  1434. <row>
  1435. <entry>
  1436. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">biéde</foreignphrase>
  1437. </entry>
  1438. <entry>
  1439. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">别的</foreignphrase>
  1440. </entry>
  1441. <entry> other, different </entry>
  1442. </row>
  1443. <row>
  1444. <entry>
  1445. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bié
  1446. kèqi</foreignphrase>
  1447. </entry>
  1448. <entry>
  1449. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">别客气</foreignphrase>
  1450. </entry>
  1451. <entry> don't be formal; don't stand on ceremony </entry>
  1452. </row>
  1453. <row>
  1454. <entry>
  1455. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bú cuò</foreignphrase>
  1456. </entry>
  1457. <entry>
  1458. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">不错</foreignphrase>
  1459. </entry>
  1460. <entry> “not bad”, in the sense of “pretty good”, “pretty well”
  1461. </entry>
  1462. </row>
  1463. <row>
  1464. <entry>
  1465. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cài</foreignphrase>
  1466. </entry>
  1467. <entry>
  1468. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">蔡</foreignphrase>
  1469. </entry>
  1470. <entry> main dishes, food </entry>
  1471. </row>
  1472. <row>
  1473. <entry>
  1474. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chāzi</foreignphrase>
  1475. </entry>
  1476. <entry>
  1477. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">叉子</foreignphrase>
  1478. </entry>
  1479. <entry> fork </entry>
  1480. </row>
  1481. <row>
  1482. <entry>
  1483. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1484. >dāngrán</foreignphrase>
  1485. </entry>
  1486. <entry>
  1487. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">当然</foreignphrase>
  1488. </entry>
  1489. <entry> naturally, of course </entry>
  1490. </row>
  1491. <row>
  1492. <entry>
  1493. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dāozi</foreignphrase>
  1494. </entry>
  1495. <entry>
  1496. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">刀子</foreignphrase>
  1497. </entry>
  1498. <entry> knife </entry>
  1499. </row>
  1500. <row>
  1501. <entry>
  1502. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòufu</foreignphrase>
  1503. </entry>
  1504. <entry>
  1505. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">豆腐</foreignphrase>
  1506. </entry>
  1507. <entry> soy bean curd </entry>
  1508. </row>
  1509. <row>
  1510. <entry>
  1511. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fānqié</foreignphrase>
  1512. </entry>
  1513. <entry>
  1514. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">番茄</foreignphrase>
  1515. </entry>
  1516. <entry> tomato </entry>
  1517. </row>
  1518. <row>
  1519. <entry>
  1520. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hǎochī</foreignphrase>
  1521. </entry>
  1522. <entry>
  1523. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">好吃</foreignphrase>
  1524. </entry>
  1525. <entry> to be tasty, good to eat </entry>
  1526. </row>
  1527. <row>
  1528. <entry>
  1529. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jī</foreignphrase>
  1530. </entry>
  1531. <entry>
  1532. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鸡</foreignphrase>
  1533. </entry>
  1534. <entry> chicken </entry>
  1535. </row>
  1536. <row>
  1537. <entry>
  1538. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1539. >jiǎndānde</foreignphrase>
  1540. </entry>
  1541. <entry>
  1542. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">简单的</foreignphrase>
  1543. </entry>
  1544. <entry> something simple </entry>
  1545. </row>
  1546. <row>
  1547. <entry>
  1548. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiào</foreignphrase>
  1549. </entry>
  1550. <entry>
  1551. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">叫</foreignphrase>
  1552. </entry>
  1553. <entry> to order </entry>
  1554. </row>
  1555. <row>
  1556. <entry>
  1557. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jīdīng</foreignphrase>
  1558. </entry>
  1559. <entry>
  1560. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鸡丁</foreignphrase>
  1561. </entry>
  1562. <entry> diced chicken </entry>
  1563. </row>
  1564. <row>
  1565. <entry>
  1566. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jīpiàn</foreignphrase>
  1567. </entry>
  1568. <entry>
  1569. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鸡片</foreignphrase>
  1570. </entry>
  1571. <entry> chicken slices </entry>
  1572. </row>
  1573. <row>
  1574. <entry>
  1575. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kèfàn</foreignphrase>
  1576. </entry>
  1577. <entry>
  1578. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani"/>
  1579. </entry>
  1580. <entry> “fixed meal”, a type of meal in which soup, a main dish,
  1581. rice and tea are all served for one price. </entry>
  1582. </row>
  1583. <row>
  1584. <entry>
  1585. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qiézi</foreignphrase>
  1586. </entry>
  1587. <entry>
  1588. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">茄子</foreignphrase>
  1589. </entry>
  1590. <entry> eggplant </entry>
  1591. </row>
  1592. <row>
  1593. <entry>
  1594. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1595. >qingjiāo</foreignphrase>
  1596. </entry>
  1597. <entry>
  1598. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">青椒</foreignphrase>
  1599. </entry>
  1600. <entry> green pepper </entry>
  1601. </row>
  1602. <row>
  1603. <entry>
  1604. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shàor</foreignphrase>
  1605. </entry>
  1606. <entry>
  1607. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">勺儿</foreignphrase>
  1608. </entry>
  1609. <entry> spoon </entry>
  1610. </row>
  1611. <row>
  1612. <entry>
  1613. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1614. >tiàogēng</foreignphrase>
  1615. </entry>
  1616. <entry>
  1617. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">调羹</foreignphrase>
  1618. </entry>
  1619. <entry> spoon </entry>
  1620. </row>
  1621. <row>
  1622. <entry>
  1623. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàci</foreignphrase>
  1624. </entry>
  1625. <entry>
  1626. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">下次</foreignphrase>
  1627. </entry>
  1628. <entry> next time </entry>
  1629. </row>
  1630. <row>
  1631. <entry>
  1632. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiārén</foreignphrase>
  1633. </entry>
  1634. <entry>
  1635. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">虾仁</foreignphrase>
  1636. </entry>
  1637. <entry> shrimp </entry>
  1638. </row>
  1639. <row>
  1640. <entry>
  1641. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1642. >xihóngshì</foreignphrase>
  1643. </entry>
  1644. <entry>
  1645. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">西红柿</foreignphrase>
  1646. </entry>
  1647. <entry> tomato </entry>
  1648. </row>
  1649. <row>
  1650. <entry>
  1651. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xuédòu</foreignphrase>
  1652. </entry>
  1653. <entry>
  1654. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">雪豆</foreignphrase>
  1655. </entry>
  1656. <entry> snow peas </entry>
  1657. </row>
  1658. <row>
  1659. <entry>
  1660. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1661. >yìzhǒng</foreignphrase>
  1662. </entry>
  1663. <entry>
  1664. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一种</foreignphrase>
  1665. </entry>
  1666. <entry> a kind, one kind </entry>
  1667. </row>
  1668. <row>
  1669. <entry>
  1670. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yòng</foreignphrase>
  1671. </entry>
  1672. <entry>
  1673. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">用</foreignphrase>
  1674. </entry>
  1675. <entry> to use; with </entry>
  1676. </row>
  1677. <row>
  1678. <entry>
  1679. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yòng
  1680. kuàizi</foreignphrase>
  1681. </entry>
  1682. <entry>
  1683. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">用筷子</foreignphrase>
  1684. </entry>
  1685. <entry> to use chopsticks; with chopsticks </entry>
  1686. </row>
  1687. <row>
  1688. <entry>
  1689. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1690. >zhàngdānzi</foreignphrase>
  1691. </entry>
  1692. <entry>
  1693. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">账单子</foreignphrase>
  1694. </entry>
  1695. <entry> check </entry>
  1696. </row>
  1697. <row>
  1698. <entry>
  1699. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhīdao</foreignphrase>
  1700. </entry>
  1701. <entry>
  1702. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">知道</foreignphrase>
  1703. </entry>
  1704. <entry> to know </entry>
  1705. </row>
  1706. </tbody>
  1707. </tgroup>
  1708. </informaltable></para>
  1709. </section>
  1710. </section>
  1711. <section>
  1712. <title>Unit 3</title>
  1713. <para/>
  1714. <section>
  1715. <title>Part 1</title>
  1716. <section>
  1717. <title>Reference List</title>
  1718. <para/>
  1719. </section>
  1720. <section>
  1721. <title>Reference Notes</title>
  1722. <section>
  1723. <title>Notes on Part 1</title>
  1724. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāndedǒng</foreignphrase>: This
  1725. is a compound verb of result meaning “can read and understand (it)”. Its
  1726. negative counterpart is <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1727. >kànbudǒng</foreignphrase>, “can’t read and understand (it)”. See
  1728. Meeting Module. Reference Notes for Unit 1 for a discussion of compound
  1729. verbs of result.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  1730. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  1731. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  1732. <tbody>
  1733. <row>
  1734. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā xiěde
  1735. zì, wǒ kānbudǒng.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1736. </row>
  1737. <row>
  1738. <entry/>
  1739. </row>
  1740. <row>
  1741. <entry>I can't read (understand) his writing.</entry>
  1742. </row>
  1743. </tbody>
  1744. </tgroup>
  1745. </informaltable></para>
  1746. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Huánghuā Yú</foreignphrase>: The
  1747. Seiaena Schelegelì is translated here as “yellow fish”. It is sometimes
  1748. referred to in Chinese as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huáng
  1749. yú</foreignphrase>. In English, it is also called croaker, drum fish, or
  1750. China Bass. Since the <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huánghuā
  1751. yú</foreignphrase> is a fish native to China, any American fish name
  1752. given to it, such as croaker, is at best only a rough equivalent.</para>
  1753. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hóngshāo Yú</foreignphrase>: The
  1754. “red-cooked” style of cooking involves stewing the meat, or in this case,
  1755. the fish, in soy sauce, sherry and water. It is called “red-cooked” because
  1756. of the reddish-brown color the soy sauce gives the dish.</para>
  1757. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Cōngbào Niúròu</foreignphrase>:
  1758. Beef with Spring Onions. Literally, this means “spring onions-fried beef”.
  1759. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bào</foreignphrase> is another
  1760. method of cooking. It is similar to <foreignphrase
  1761. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎo</foreignphrase> “sauté”, but uses less
  1762. oil and highest heat.</para>
  1763. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhàci Ròusī
  1764. Tāng</foreignphrase>: Although translated here as “Szechuan Hot Pickled
  1765. Cabbage,” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhàci</foreignphrase> is
  1766. properly made from mustard green roots preserved with salt and hot pepper.
  1767. It can be used to flavor foods or it can be eaten by itself.</para>
  1768. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǐfǎn</foreignphrase>: This word
  1769. refers to cooked rice. It can also refer to rice dishes, such as
  1770. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎo
  1771. fàn</foreignphrase>.</para>
  1772. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huājuǎr</foreignphrase>:
  1773. Flower-rolls are made of steamed bread, which has been shaped into layers
  1774. resembling petals.</para>
  1775. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">suàn yíxià
  1776. zhàng</foreignphrase>: The verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1777. >suàn</foreignphrase> means “to figure, to calculate”. <foreignphrase
  1778. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Suàn zhàng </foreignphrase>means “to figure
  1779. accounts”, “to calculate the bill”. Here the word <foreignphrase
  1780. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yíxià</foreignphrase> follows the verb. The
  1781. use of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yíxià</foreignphrase> after
  1782. a verb has an effect similar to reduplicating the verb, that is it makes the
  1783. action more casual.</para>
  1784. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài hēibǎnshang xiězhe
  1785. ne</foreignphrase>: <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1786. >-Zhe</foreignphrase> is the marker of DURATION of actions and states.
  1787. It indicates that an action or state lasted for an amount of time. The
  1788. marker ne, on the other hand, marks ONGOING (and therefore present) actions
  1789. or states. In this expression the marker <foreignphrase
  1790. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhe</foreignphrase> tells us that at some
  1791. time the dishes CONTINUE in the state of being written on the blackboard,
  1792. and the marker <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ne</foreignphrase>
  1793. tells us that state is GOING ON now. <foreignphrase
  1794. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-Zhe</foreignphrase> is used in sentences to
  1795. describe activities which last over a period of time, whether that time is
  1796. past, present or future. A verb plus <foreignphrase
  1797. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhe</foreignphrase> in Chinese often
  1798. corresponds to the “-ing” form of the verb in English.<informaltable
  1799. frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  1800. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  1801. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  1802. <tbody>
  1803. <row>
  1804. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zǒuzhe qù
  1805. kéyi ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
  1806. </row>
  1807. <row>
  1808. <entry/>
  1809. </row>
  1810. <row>
  1811. <entry>Can you get there by walking?</entry>
  1812. </row>
  1813. <row>
  1814. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmen
  1815. zuòzhe shuō huà, hǎo bu hao?</foreignphrase></entry>
  1816. </row>
  1817. <row>
  1818. <entry/>
  1819. </row>
  1820. <row>
  1821. <entry>Let's sit awhile and talk, okay?</entry>
  1822. </row>
  1823. <row>
  1824. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Míngtian
  1825. wǎnshang, wǒmen shi zuòzhe chī, háishi zhànzhe
  1826. chī?</foreignphrase></entry>
  1827. </row>
  1828. <row>
  1829. <entry/>
  1830. </row>
  1831. <row>
  1832. <entry>Tomorrow night will it be a sit-down dinner or will
  1833. we eat standing up?</entry>
  1834. </row>
  1835. <row>
  1836. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā hái
  1837. bìngzhe ne.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1838. </row>
  1839. <row>
  1840. <entry/>
  1841. </row>
  1842. <row>
  1843. <entry>He is still sick.</entry>
  1844. </row>
  1845. </tbody>
  1846. </tgroup>
  1847. </informaltable></para>
  1848. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngnóngbíng</foreignphrase>:
  1849. This expression is a conglomeration of the words for “worker”,
  1850. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngren</foreignphrase>,
  1851. “farmer”, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nóngmín</foreignphrase>,
  1852. and “soldier”, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1853. >bìng</foreignphrase>. Notice that the first syllable (or only syllable)
  1854. of each is used to make this abbreviated form.</para>
  1855. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chīdelái</foreignphrase>: This
  1856. is a compound verb of result with the syllable -de- inserted between the
  1857. action verb and the ending verb. This pattern is used to express the meaning
  1858. “able to ____”. Usually the second verb of the compound expresses the
  1859. specific result of the action, but here the verb <foreignphrase
  1860. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lái</foreignphrase> expresses only the
  1861. general idea of result. (The verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1862. >lái</foreignphrase> in this position has been called a “dummy result
  1863. ending”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qù</foreignphrase> can
  1864. also be used this way.) Although no specific result is expressed here, the
  1865. pattern is still used because it expresses the idea of “can” or “able
  1866. to”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  1867. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  1868. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  1869. <tbody>
  1870. <row>
  1871. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Měiguo cài,
  1872. wǒ zuòdelúi; Zhōngguo cài, wǒ
  1873. zuòbulái.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1874. </row>
  1875. <row>
  1876. <entry/>
  1877. </row>
  1878. <row>
  1879. <entry>I can cook American food, I can't cook Chinese
  1880. food.</entry>
  1881. </row>
  1882. <row>
  1883. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Měiguo cài,
  1884. wǒ huì zuò; Zhōngguo cài, wǒ bú huì
  1885. zuò.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1886. </row>
  1887. <row>
  1888. <entry/>
  1889. </row>
  1890. <row>
  1891. <entry>I can cook American food, I can't cook Chinese
  1892. food.</entry>
  1893. </row>
  1894. </tbody>
  1895. </tgroup>
  1896. </informaltable></para>
  1897. <para/>
  1898. </section>
  1899. <section>
  1900. <title>Dialogue Peking</title>
  1901. <para>Three American women, who have spent the morning sightseeing, enter a
  1902. cafeteria in a park. It is lunchtime and there are many people. As the women
  1903. get in line to order, an attendant in the cafeteria comes up to them.</para>
  1904. <para/>
  1905. </section>
  1906. <section>
  1907. <title>Notes after Dialogue in Part 1</title>
  1908. <para>Notice that in this situation the cafeteria attendant does not let the
  1909. foreigners stand in line for their food. Instead he waits on them getting
  1910. them special food when possible. The Chinese feel that foreigners are their
  1911. guests and should be treated accordingly.</para>
  1912. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ bù dōu
  1913. kàndedǒng</foreignphrase>: Notice that the American woman chooses a
  1914. rather indirect way of letting the Chinese attendant know that she cannot
  1915. read. In the lines following, the attendant answers back simply suggesting
  1916. some of the more tasty dishes, a courteous and face-saving response.</para>
  1917. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Huì yòng, kěshi yòngde bú tài
  1918. hǎo</foreignphrase>: This is another courteous response. Here the
  1919. American lets it be known that they can handle chopsticks, but does so
  1920. modestly.</para>
  1921. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Chīdelái ba?</foreignphrase>:
  1922. Literally, “Was it edible?” or “Could you eat it?”</para>
  1923. </section>
  1924. <section>
  1925. <title>Dialogue in Taipei</title>
  1926. <para>Three friends enter a restaurant in downtown Taipei at lunchtime. A waiter
  1927. comes up to them.</para>
  1928. <para/>
  1929. </section>
  1930. <section>
  1931. <title>Notes after Dialogue in Part 1</title>
  1932. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmen gāng cóng Mèiguo
  1933. lái</foreignphrase>: In this sentence and the ones which follow the
  1934. American modestly explains their situation and then asks for help. The
  1935. waiter replies in a friendly and polite manner.</para>
  1936. </section>
  1937. </section>
  1938. </section>
  1939. <section>
  1940. <title>Part 2</title>
  1941. <section>
  1942. <title>Reference List</title>
  1943. <para/>
  1944. </section>
  1945. <section>
  1946. <title>Reference Notes</title>
  1947. <section>
  1948. <title>Notes on Part 2</title>
  1949. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒumíng</foreignphrase>: “To be
  1950. famous”, literally, “to have a name”, is always negated with <foreignphrase
  1951. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méi</foreignphrase>.</para>
  1952. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kǎo Yángròu</foreignphrase>:
  1953. This is Mongolian Barbecued Lamb. It is thin slices of lamb dipped in a
  1954. sauce of soy sauce, scallions, Chinese parsley, sugar, and sherry, and other
  1955. condiments you can mix to your own taste, then grilled quickly over high
  1956. heat. This meal is prepared at specialty restaurants which usually serve
  1957. little else.</para>
  1958. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shuàn Yángròu</foreignphrase>:
  1959. This meal requires that a pot with a source of heat beneath it
  1960. (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huǒguō</foreignphrase>,
  1961. literally “fire pot”) be placed in the middle of the table. Usually the pot
  1962. is shaped in a ring with a chimney containing the heat source in the center.
  1963. Each guest cooks his meat and vegetables in the boiling water of the fire
  1964. pot, often with four or five people simultaneously keeping track of their
  1965. food as it is cooking. After his meat is cooked he then dips it into various
  1966. sauces and eats it. By the end of the meal, the water in the pot has become
  1967. a highly flavored soup. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1968. >Fěnsī</foreignphrase> (see below) and vegetables are then dropped into
  1969. it, and it is eaten.</para>
  1970. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chúle...yǐwài</foreignphrase>:
  1971. This pattern is used to express the idea “except for...”, “besides...”, or
  1972. “aside from...”. The second part, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1973. >yǐwài</foreignphrase>, is sometimes omitted.<informaltable frame="none"
  1974. rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  1975. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  1976. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  1977. <tbody>
  1978. <row>
  1979. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ chúle
  1980. mǎi yìběn shū, hái yào mǎi yìběn
  1981. zázhì.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1982. </row>
  1983. <row>
  1984. <entry/>
  1985. </row>
  1986. <row>
  1987. <entry>In addition to buying one book, I also want to buy
  1988. one magazine.</entry>
  1989. </row>
  1990. </tbody>
  1991. </tgroup>
  1992. </informaltable></para>
  1993. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fěnsī</foreignphrase>: These are
  1994. called “cellophane noodles” because their appearance is clear and
  1995. glass-like. They are made from pea-starch and are sometimes called
  1996. pea-starch noodles.</para>
  1997. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuóliào</foreignphrase>: This
  1998. refers to various sauces used to dip the lamb in, and therefore translates
  1999. as “condiment”. In other contexts, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2000. >zuóliào</foreignphrase> can mean “ingredient”.</para>
  2001. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuōde wǒ dōu è
  2002. le</foreignphrase>: Here you see a verb, <foreignphrase
  2003. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuō</foreignphrase>, the syllable de, and
  2004. the result of the action of talking (<foreignphrase
  2005. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wǒ dōu è le.</foreignphrase>) A literal
  2006. translation of the expression might be “Talk to (the point that) I'm already
  2007. hungry.” The marker de carries the meaning “to the point of”, “to the extent
  2008. that” in this expression.</para>
  2009. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāng cài</foreignphrase>: A
  2010. coarse, leafy, strong tasting type of parsley.</para>
  2011. </section>
  2012. <section>
  2013. <title>Dialogue in Peking</title>
  2014. <para>This conversation takes place in late spring in Peking. A foreign student
  2015. talks with a few of his Chinese classmates.</para>
  2016. <para/>
  2017. </section>
  2018. <section>
  2019. <title>Dialogue in Taipei</title>
  2020. <para>This conversation takes place in winter in Taipei. A foreign student and
  2021. some of his Chinese classmates are in a northern Chinese restaurant, waiting
  2022. for the food to come.</para>
  2023. <para/>
  2024. </section>
  2025. <section>
  2026. <title>Notes after Dialogue in Part 2</title>
  2027. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">běifāng cài</foreignphrase>: The
  2028. syllable <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-fāng</foreignphrase>
  2029. means “place” or “region”. It is added to direction words to form the name
  2030. of a place. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běifāng
  2031. cài</foreignphrase> refers to Northern Chinese cuisine. <foreignphrase
  2032. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nánfāng cài</foreignphrase> refers to cuisine
  2033. south of the Yangtze river, including the Shanghai school of cooking and the
  2034. Cantonese school of cooking. </para>
  2035. </section>
  2036. </section>
  2037. </section>
  2038. <section>
  2039. <title>Part 3</title>
  2040. <section>
  2041. <title>Reference List</title>
  2042. </section>
  2043. <section>
  2044. <title>Reference Notes</title>
  2045. <section>
  2046. <title>Notes in Part 3</title>
  2047. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">báobǐng</foreignphrase>: These
  2048. are thin, wheat cakes, usually rolled out and cooked in pairs that are
  2049. separated before use. They resemble thin, French crepes in appearance. They
  2050. are eaten with dishes instead of rice.</para>
  2051. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Mùxu Ròu</foreignphrase>: This
  2052. is a pork dish cooked with egg. It is eaten with <foreignphrase
  2053. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">báobǐng</foreignphrase>. A spoonful of
  2054. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Mùxu Ròu</foreignphrase> is
  2055. placed in the middle of a <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2056. >báobǐng</foreignphrase>. Then it is rolled up and eaten.</para>
  2057. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sùcài</foreignphrase>: This is a
  2058. vegetable dish made with no meat sauces or flavorings at all, and is
  2059. therefore correctly called a vegetarian vegetable dish. Although
  2060. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sùcài</foreignphrase> are made
  2061. without the use of meat sauces or meat flavorings, they are often artfully
  2062. seasoned and formed in such a way that they resemble meat very
  2063. closely.</para>
  2064. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāng</foreignphrase>: This is
  2065. the adjectival verb “to be fragrant”. <foreignphrase
  2066. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhège sùcài hěn xiāng.</foreignphrase>, could
  2067. also be translated as “This vegetarian vegetable dish has a good aroma”. The
  2068. verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāng</foreignphrase> is
  2069. often used when talking about food to refer to dishes with garlic or
  2070. ginger.</para>
  2071. </section>
  2072. <section>
  2073. <title>Dialogue in Taipei</title>
  2074. <para>Miss Wang invites an American couple, Mr. and Mrs. White to her apartment
  2075. for dinner. They are just sitting down to dinner.</para>
  2076. </section>
  2077. </section>
  2078. </section>
  2079. <section>
  2080. <title>Unit Vocabulary List</title>
  2081. <para>
  2082. <informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
  2083. <tgroup cols="3">
  2084. <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  2085. <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  2086. <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
  2087. <tbody>
  2088. <row>
  2089. <entry>
  2090. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2091. >báobǐng</foreignphrase>
  2092. </entry>
  2093. <entry>
  2094. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">薄饼</foreignphrase>
  2095. </entry>
  2096. <entry> thin rolled, wheat-flour pancake </entry>
  2097. </row>
  2098. <row>
  2099. <entry>
  2100. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2101. >chīdelái</foreignphrase>
  2102. </entry>
  2103. <entry>
  2104. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">吃的来</foreignphrase>
  2105. </entry>
  2106. <entry> Is it all right for you (to eat)? </entry>
  2107. </row>
  2108. <row>
  2109. <entry>
  2110. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chúle ...,
  2111. cīwài</foreignphrase>
  2112. </entry>
  2113. <entry>
  2114. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">除了。。。,此外</foreignphrase>
  2115. </entry>
  2116. <entry> aside from, in addition to </entry>
  2117. </row>
  2118. <row>
  2119. <entry>
  2120. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cōng</foreignphrase>
  2121. </entry>
  2122. <entry>
  2123. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">葱</foreignphrase>
  2124. </entry>
  2125. <entry> scallion </entry>
  2126. </row>
  2127. <row>
  2128. <entry>
  2129. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cōngbào
  2130. niúròu</foreignphrase>
  2131. </entry>
  2132. <entry>
  2133. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">葱爆牛肉</foreignphrase>
  2134. </entry>
  2135. <entry> beef with spring onions </entry>
  2136. </row>
  2137. <row>
  2138. <entry>
  2139. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cù</foreignphrase>
  2140. </entry>
  2141. <entry>
  2142. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">醋</foreignphrase>
  2143. </entry>
  2144. <entry> vinegar </entry>
  2145. </row>
  2146. <row>
  2147. <entry>
  2148. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòufu
  2149. fǔ</foreignphrase>
  2150. </entry>
  2151. <entry>
  2152. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">豆腐腐</foreignphrase>
  2153. </entry>
  2154. <entry> fermented bean curd sauce </entry>
  2155. </row>
  2156. <row>
  2157. <entry>
  2158. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">è</foreignphrase>
  2159. </entry>
  2160. <entry>
  2161. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">饿</foreignphrase>
  2162. </entry>
  2163. <entry> to be hungry </entry>
  2164. </row>
  2165. <row>
  2166. <entry>
  2167. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fěnsī</foreignphrase>
  2168. </entry>
  2169. <entry>
  2170. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">粉丝</foreignphrase>
  2171. </entry>
  2172. <entry> cellophane noodles </entry>
  2173. </row>
  2174. <row>
  2175. <entry>
  2176. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2177. >gōngnóngbīng</foreignphrase>
  2178. </entry>
  2179. <entry>
  2180. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">工农兵</foreignphrase>
  2181. </entry>
  2182. <entry> workers, farmers, soldiers </entry>
  2183. </row>
  2184. <row>
  2185. <entry>
  2186. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hēibǎn</foreignphrase>
  2187. </entry>
  2188. <entry>
  2189. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">黑板</foreignphrase>
  2190. </entry>
  2191. <entry> blackboard </entry>
  2192. </row>
  2193. <row>
  2194. <entry>
  2195. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2196. >hóngbīnlóu</foreignphrase>
  2197. </entry>
  2198. <entry>
  2199. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鸿宾楼</foreignphrase>
  2200. </entry>
  2201. <entry> name of a restaurant </entry>
  2202. </row>
  2203. <row>
  2204. <entry>
  2205. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hóngshāo
  2206. yú</foreignphrase>
  2207. </entry>
  2208. <entry>
  2209. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">红烧鱼</foreignphrase>
  2210. </entry>
  2211. <entry> red-cooked fish </entry>
  2212. </row>
  2213. <row>
  2214. <entry>
  2215. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2216. >huājuǎn</foreignphrase>
  2217. </entry>
  2218. <entry>
  2219. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">花卷</foreignphrase>
  2220. </entry>
  2221. <entry> flower-rolls </entry>
  2222. </row>
  2223. <row>
  2224. <entry>
  2225. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huánghuā
  2226. yú</foreignphrase>
  2227. </entry>
  2228. <entry>
  2229. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">黄鱼 </foreignphrase>
  2230. </entry>
  2231. <entry> yellow fish </entry>
  2232. </row>
  2233. <row>
  2234. <entry>
  2235. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huímín</foreignphrase>
  2236. </entry>
  2237. <entry>
  2238. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">回民</foreignphrase>
  2239. </entry>
  2240. <entry> moslem </entry>
  2241. </row>
  2242. <row>
  2243. <entry>
  2244. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiànyì</foreignphrase>
  2245. </entry>
  2246. <entry>
  2247. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">建议</foreignphrase>
  2248. </entry>
  2249. <entry> proposal, suggestion </entry>
  2250. </row>
  2251. <row>
  2252. <entry>
  2253. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiàng
  2254. yóu</foreignphrase>
  2255. </entry>
  2256. <entry>
  2257. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">酱油</foreignphrase>
  2258. </entry>
  2259. <entry> soy sauce </entry>
  2260. </row>
  2261. <row>
  2262. <entry>
  2263. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juéde</foreignphrase>
  2264. </entry>
  2265. <entry>
  2266. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">觉得</foreignphrase>
  2267. </entry>
  2268. <entry> to feel that </entry>
  2269. </row>
  2270. <row>
  2271. <entry>
  2272. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kǎo</foreignphrase>
  2273. </entry>
  2274. <entry>
  2275. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">烤</foreignphrase>
  2276. </entry>
  2277. <entry> to roast </entry>
  2278. </row>
  2279. <row>
  2280. <entry>
  2281. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kǎo
  2282. yángròu</foreignphrase>
  2283. </entry>
  2284. <entry>
  2285. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">烤羊肉</foreignphrase>
  2286. </entry>
  2287. <entry> Mongolian barbecued lamb </entry>
  2288. </row>
  2289. <row>
  2290. <entry>
  2291. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǐfàn</foreignphrase>
  2292. </entry>
  2293. <entry>
  2294. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">米饭</foreignphrase>
  2295. </entry>
  2296. <entry> rice (cooked) </entry>
  2297. </row>
  2298. <row>
  2299. <entry>
  2300. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mùxu
  2301. ròu</foreignphrase>
  2302. </entry>
  2303. <entry>
  2304. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">牧畜肉</foreignphrase>
  2305. </entry>
  2306. <entry> moshi pork (pork fried with eggs) and served with báobǐng
  2307. </entry>
  2308. </row>
  2309. <row>
  2310. <entry>
  2311. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2312. >qīngdòu</foreignphrase>
  2313. </entry>
  2314. <entry>
  2315. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">青豆</foreignphrase>
  2316. </entry>
  2317. <entry> green peas </entry>
  2318. </row>
  2319. <row>
  2320. <entry>
  2321. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qingdòu
  2322. xiārén</foreignphrase>
  2323. </entry>
  2324. <entry>
  2325. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">青豆虾仁</foreignphrase>
  2326. </entry>
  2327. <entry> shrimp with green peas </entry>
  2328. </row>
  2329. <row>
  2330. <entry>
  2331. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2332. >shítáng</foreignphrase>
  2333. </entry>
  2334. <entry>
  2335. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">食堂</foreignphrase>
  2336. </entry>
  2337. <entry> eating hall </entry>
  2338. </row>
  2339. <row>
  2340. <entry>
  2341. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuàn
  2342. yángròu</foreignphrase>
  2343. </entry>
  2344. <entry>
  2345. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">涮羊肉</foreignphrase>
  2346. </entry>
  2347. <entry> Mongolian (Lamb) Hot Pot </entry>
  2348. </row>
  2349. <row>
  2350. <entry>
  2351. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">suàn</foreignphrase>
  2352. </entry>
  2353. <entry>
  2354. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">算</foreignphrase>
  2355. </entry>
  2356. <entry> to calculate, figure out </entry>
  2357. </row>
  2358. <row>
  2359. <entry>
  2360. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">suàn
  2361. zhàng</foreignphrase>
  2362. </entry>
  2363. <entry>
  2364. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">算账</foreignphrase>
  2365. </entry>
  2366. <entry> to figure out the check </entry>
  2367. </row>
  2368. <row>
  2369. <entry>
  2370. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sùcài</foreignphrase>
  2371. </entry>
  2372. <entry>
  2373. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">素菜</foreignphrase>
  2374. </entry>
  2375. <entry> vegetable dishes </entry>
  2376. </row>
  2377. <row>
  2378. <entry>
  2379. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tángcù</foreignphrase>
  2380. </entry>
  2381. <entry>
  2382. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">糖醋</foreignphrase>
  2383. </entry>
  2384. <entry> sweet and sour </entry>
  2385. </row>
  2386. <row>
  2387. <entry>
  2388. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tángcù
  2389. báicài</foreignphrase>
  2390. </entry>
  2391. <entry>
  2392. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">糖醋白菜</foreignphrase>
  2393. </entry>
  2394. <entry> sweet and sour cabbage </entry>
  2395. </row>
  2396. <row>
  2397. <entry>
  2398. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-wèi</foreignphrase>
  2399. </entry>
  2400. <entry>
  2401. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一位人</foreignphrase>
  2402. </entry>
  2403. <entry> counter for persons (polite) </entry>
  2404. </row>
  2405. <row>
  2406. <entry>
  2407. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wèizi</foreignphrase>
  2408. </entry>
  2409. <entry>
  2410. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">位子</foreignphrase>
  2411. </entry>
  2412. <entry> seat, place </entry>
  2413. </row>
  2414. <row>
  2415. <entry>
  2416. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāng</foreignphrase>
  2417. </entry>
  2418. <entry>
  2419. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">香</foreignphrase>
  2420. </entry>
  2421. <entry> to be fragrant </entry>
  2422. </row>
  2423. <row>
  2424. <entry>
  2425. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2426. >xiāngcài</foreignphrase>
  2427. </entry>
  2428. <entry>
  2429. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">香菜</foreignphrase>
  2430. </entry>
  2431. <entry> Chinese parsley </entry>
  2432. </row>
  2433. <row>
  2434. <entry>
  2435. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2436. >xiāngyóu</foreignphrase>
  2437. </entry>
  2438. <entry>
  2439. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">香油</foreignphrase>
  2440. </entry>
  2441. <entry> sesame oil </entry>
  2442. </row>
  2443. <row>
  2444. <entry>
  2445. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2446. >xiǎofèi</foreignphrase>
  2447. </entry>
  2448. <entry>
  2449. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">小费</foreignphrase>
  2450. </entry>
  2451. <entry> tip, gratuity </entry>
  2452. </row>
  2453. <row>
  2454. <entry>
  2455. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2456. >xínxian</foreignphrase>
  2457. </entry>
  2458. <entry>
  2459. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">新鲜</foreignphrase>
  2460. </entry>
  2461. <entry> to be fresh </entry>
  2462. </row>
  2463. <row>
  2464. <entry>
  2465. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2466. >yángròu</foreignphrase>
  2467. </entry>
  2468. <entry>
  2469. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">羊肉</foreignphrase>
  2470. </entry>
  2471. <entry> lamb </entry>
  2472. </row>
  2473. <row>
  2474. <entry>
  2475. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2476. >yǒumíng</foreignphrase>
  2477. </entry>
  2478. <entry>
  2479. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">又名</foreignphrase>
  2480. </entry>
  2481. <entry> to be famous </entry>
  2482. </row>
  2483. <row>
  2484. <entry>
  2485. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhācāi</foreignphrase>
  2486. </entry>
  2487. <entry>
  2488. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">榨菜</foreignphrase>
  2489. </entry>
  2490. <entry> hot pickled, cabbage (Szechwan) </entry>
  2491. </row>
  2492. <row>
  2493. <entry>
  2494. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhe</foreignphrase>
  2495. </entry>
  2496. <entry>
  2497. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">着</foreignphrase>
  2498. </entry>
  2499. <entry> marker of DURATION of an action </entry>
  2500. </row>
  2501. <row>
  2502. <entry>
  2503. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhīma
  2504. jiàng</foreignphrase>
  2505. </entry>
  2506. <entry>
  2507. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">芝麻酱</foreignphrase>
  2508. </entry>
  2509. <entry> sesame paste </entry>
  2510. </row>
  2511. <row>
  2512. <entry>
  2513. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zìjǐ</foreignphrase>
  2514. </entry>
  2515. <entry>
  2516. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">自己</foreignphrase>
  2517. </entry>
  2518. <entry> oneself </entry>
  2519. </row>
  2520. <row>
  2521. <entry>
  2522. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2523. >zuóliào</foreignphrase>
  2524. </entry>
  2525. <entry>
  2526. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">佐料</foreignphrase>
  2527. </entry>
  2528. <entry> condiments, ingredients </entry>
  2529. </row>
  2530. </tbody>
  2531. </tgroup>
  2532. </informaltable></para>
  2533. </section>
  2534. </section>
  2535. <section>
  2536. <title>Unit 4</title>
  2537. <section>
  2538. <title>Part 1</title>
  2539. <section>
  2540. <title>Reference List</title>
  2541. </section>
  2542. <section>
  2543. <title>Reference Notes</title>
  2544. <section>
  2545. <title>Notes on Part 1</title>
  2546. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dìng yìzhuō xí</foreignphrase>;
  2547. “To arrange a formal dinner”, more literally “to make arrangements for a one
  2548. table banquet”. The counter for <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2549. >xí</foreignphrase>, “a feast or banquet”, is <foreignphrase
  2550. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhuō</foreignphrase>, “table”.</para>
  2551. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duōshao qiánde
  2552. biāozhǔn</foreignphrase>: “What price level”. <foreignphrase
  2553. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Biāozhún</foreignphrase> literally means
  2554. “standard”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Duōshao qiánde
  2555. biāozhǔn</foreignphrase> could also be translated more literally as “a
  2556. standard costing how much”, where <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2557. >duōshao qián</foreignphrase> “how much does it cost?” modifies
  2558. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">biāozhǔn</foreignphrase>,
  2559. “standard'.” You will also hear <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2560. >duōshao qián biāozhǔnde</foreignphrase>, with the marker de placed at
  2561. the end of the phrase. In this case the whole phrase “what price level”
  2562. modifies the noun <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2563. >jiǔxí</foreignphrase>, “banquet”, which has been left out of the
  2564. sentence because it is understood.</para>
  2565. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kè</foreignphrase>: This word
  2566. for guest is interchangeable with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2567. >kèren</foreignphrase>.</para>
  2568. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duōbàn</foreignphrase>: “Most
  2569. of...”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Duōbàn</foreignphrase> is
  2570. a noun and is used in the subject position.</para>
  2571. <para>
  2572. <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  2573. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  2574. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  2575. <tbody>
  2576. <row>
  2577. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen
  2578. duōbàn dōu bú qù.</foreignphrase></entry>
  2579. </row>
  2580. <row>
  2581. <entry/>
  2582. </row>
  2583. <row>
  2584. <entry>Most of them are not going.</entry>
  2585. </row>
  2586. <row>
  2587. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Duōbàn shi
  2588. niàn Zhōngwén ne.</foreignphrase></entry>
  2589. </row>
  2590. <row>
  2591. <entry/>
  2592. </row>
  2593. <row>
  2594. <entry>Most of them are studying Chinese.</entry>
  2595. </row>
  2596. </tbody>
  2597. </tgroup>
  2598. </informaltable>
  2599. </para>
  2600. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ràng wǒmen
  2601. pěi...</foreignphrase>: “Have us select...”, or more literally “allow us
  2602. to select...”. The verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2603. >pěi</foreignphrase> means “to match”. Dishes are matched to make a
  2604. formal menu in Chinese.</para>
  2605. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lěngpán</foreignphrase>: “Cold
  2606. dishes” or appetizers start off the menu in a formal Chinese dinner. Four
  2607. cold dishes followed by six to eight main courses, a soup and a dessert is
  2608. one type of menu arrangement used for formal dinners. Four cold dishes, four
  2609. sautéed dishes and four main dishes, soup and dessert in another type of
  2610. formal menu.</para>
  2611. <para>Cold dishes are usually prepared so as to be pleasing to the eye as well
  2612. as the palate. Cold cooked meats and vegetables are arranged in colorful
  2613. designs.</para>
  2614. <para>jiǔ: Literally, this means “liquor”. It is a term referring to any kind of
  2615. alcoholic beverage from light beers and wine to hard liquor.</para>
  2616. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Éméi Cāntīng</foreignphrase>:
  2617. This is the name of a restaurant offering Szechuan style cuisine.
  2618. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Omei</foreignphrase>
  2619. (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Émái</foreignphrase>) is the
  2620. name of a mountain range running through Szechuan.</para>
  2621. </section>
  2622. <section>
  2623. <title>Dialogue in Peking</title>
  2624. <para>A conversation on the telephone.</para>
  2625. <para/>
  2626. </section>
  2627. <section>
  2628. <title>Notes following Dialogue 1</title>
  2629. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ yào duōshao qián
  2630. biāozhǔnde?</foreignphrase>: In restaurants in Peking, dinners for a
  2631. group of people can be arranged on a price per person basis. The restaurants
  2632. often have several standard priced menus to choose from.</para>
  2633. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yíge dà lěngpán</foreignphrase>:
  2634. One large cold platter instead of several smaller cold dishes may be used in
  2635. making up the menu for a dinner. One large cold platter, eight main courses,
  2636. a soup and a dessert is another type of menu for a dinner.<informaltable
  2637. frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  2638. <tgroup cols="4" align="center">
  2639. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  2640. <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
  2641. <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
  2642. <colspec colname="c4" colnum="4" colwidth="1*"/>
  2643. <tbody>
  2644. <row>
  2645. <entry>12.</entry>
  2646. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hóngshāo
  2647. Yúchì</foreignphrase></entry>
  2648. <entry/>
  2649. <entry>Red-cooked Shark's Fin</entry>
  2650. </row>
  2651. <row>
  2652. <entry>13.</entry>
  2653. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiāngsū
  2654. Yā</foreignphrase></entry>
  2655. <entry/>
  2656. <entry>Fragrant Crispy Duck</entry>
  2657. </row>
  2658. <row>
  2659. <entry>14.</entry>
  2660. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Gānshāo
  2661. Míngxiā</foreignphrase></entry>
  2662. <entry/>
  2663. <entry>Dry-cooked Jumbo Shrimp Szechuan Style</entry>
  2664. </row>
  2665. <row>
  2666. <entry>15.</entry>
  2667. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fùguì
  2668. Jī</foreignphrase></entry>
  2669. <entry/>
  2670. <entry>Beggar's Chicken</entry>
  2671. </row>
  2672. <row>
  2673. <entry>16.</entry>
  2674. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tángcù
  2675. Yú</foreignphrase></entry>
  2676. <entry/>
  2677. <entry>Sweet and Sour Fish</entry>
  2678. </row>
  2679. <row>
  2680. <entry>17.</entry>
  2681. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Mìzhī
  2682. Huǒtuǐ</foreignphrase></entry>
  2683. <entry/>
  2684. <entry>Ham in Honey Sauce</entry>
  2685. </row>
  2686. <row>
  2687. <entry>18.</entry>
  2688. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dōnggua
  2689. Zhōng</foreignphrase></entry>
  2690. <entry/>
  2691. <entry>Winter Melon Soup served in the Carved Melon
  2692. Shell</entry>
  2693. </row>
  2694. <row>
  2695. <entry>19.</entry>
  2696. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bābǎo
  2697. Fàn</foreignphrase></entry>
  2698. <entry/>
  2699. <entry>Eight Jewel Rice</entry>
  2700. </row>
  2701. <row>
  2702. <entry>20.</entry>
  2703. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xìngrén
  2704. Dòufu</foreignphrase></entry>
  2705. <entry/>
  2706. <entry>Almond Pudding</entry>
  2707. </row>
  2708. </tbody>
  2709. </tgroup>
  2710. </informaltable></para>
  2711. </section>
  2712. <section>
  2713. <title>Notes on Vocabulary №12-20</title>
  2714. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hóngshāo Yúchì</foreignphrase>:
  2715. Shark’s Fin is considered a delicacy by the Chinese because it is rare,
  2716. nutritious and has a smooth, chewy texture when cooked. Some people think
  2717. that it is best prepared in the red-cooked style.</para>
  2718. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiāngsū Yā</foreignphrase>:
  2719. Fragrant Crispy Duck is marinated and steamed with onions, wine, ginger,
  2720. pepper and anise, then deep fried quickly for a crispy result. This method
  2721. of preparing duck is an example of southern style cooking.</para>
  2722. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fùguì Jī</foreignphrase>:
  2723. “Beggar’s Chicken” is a whole chicken wrapped in wet clay, then roasted
  2724. until very tender. It is said that this method of preparation was first used
  2725. by beggars. Originally this dish was called <foreignphrase
  2726. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jiǎohua Jī</foreignphrase>, literally
  2727. “Beggar's Chicken”; but as the dish became popular among the upper class,
  2728. the name changed to <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fùguì
  2729. Jī</foreignphrase>, literally “Riches and Honor Chicken”.</para>
  2730. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dōnggua Zhōng</foreignphrase>:
  2731. Winter melon, mushrooms, and ham go into this soup. On festive occasions the
  2732. melon shell is carved with decorations, such as dragons, and used as a bowl
  2733. for serving the soup. This is a Cantonese specialty.</para>
  2734. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xìngrěn Dòufu</foreignphrase>:
  2735. This is translated here as “Almond Pudding”. Because <foreignphrase
  2736. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xìngrén Dòufu</foreignphrase>, with its light
  2737. consistency, is somewhere between a pudding and a gelatin, “Almond Gelatin”
  2738. would also be a fitting translation of the name.</para>
  2739. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bābǎo Fàn</foreignphrase>:
  2740. “Eight Jewel Rice”. This is sweet sticky rice (nòmǐ) with preserved fruits.
  2741. The rice is shaped into a mound and decorated with some of the preserved
  2742. fruit.</para>
  2743. </section>
  2744. <section>
  2745. <title>Dialogue in Taipei</title>
  2746. <para>An American woman calls a restaurant in <foreignphrase
  2747. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Táiběi</foreignphrase>.</para>
  2748. <para/>
  2749. </section>
  2750. </section>
  2751. </section>
  2752. <section>
  2753. <title>Part 2</title>
  2754. <section>
  2755. <title>Reference List</title>
  2756. </section>
  2757. <section>
  2758. <title>Reference Notes</title>
  2759. <section>
  2760. <title>Notes on Part 2</title>
  2761. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhǔkè</foreignphrase>: At a
  2762. Chinese banquet the guest of honor sits farthest away from the door, the
  2763. inner-most place in the room. The host sits nearest the door, on the serving
  2764. side of the table.</para>
  2765. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bié jǐn gěi wo jiǎn
  2766. cài</foreignphrase>: This expression is often used at dinner parties. It
  2767. is good hospitality for the host or hostess to serve the guests individually
  2768. from time to time, picking out tender morsels for them. Fellow guests may
  2769. also do this for the guest of honor.</para>
  2770. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gān yìbēi</foreignphrase>: Drink
  2771. a glass”, literally “dry a glass” (meaning “o make the glass dry by emptying
  2772. it”). Since wine cups are small, the usual toast is <foreignphrase
  2773. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Gān bēi!</foreignphrase>. “Bottoms up!” For
  2774. people who don't like to drink too much, the phrase <foreignphrase
  2775. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Suíyì</foreignphrase>, “As you like”, will
  2776. serve as a reply indicating that the whole cup need not be emptied. See the
  2777. note on <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">suíyì</foreignphrase>
  2778. below.</para>
  2779. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zuì jī</foreignphrase>: “Drunken
  2780. Chicken”. The name of this dish comes from the way in which it is prepared.
  2781. The verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuì</foreignphrase> “to
  2782. get drunk”, refers to the fact that the chicken is marinated in wine at
  2783. least over-night. This dish originates with the Shanghai school of cooking.
  2784. It is served cold.</para>
  2785. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ bú huì hē jiǔ. Dàjiā dōu
  2786. suíyì ba.</foreignphrase>: Chinese drinking etiquette requires that if
  2787. someone doesn’t want to participate in the full range of drinking
  2788. activities, he should so indicate early on.</para>
  2789. </section>
  2790. <section>
  2791. <title>Dialogue in Peking</title>
  2792. <para/>
  2793. </section>
  2794. <section>
  2795. <title>Notes following Part 2 Dialogue</title>
  2796. <para>Most of the entertaining at a Chinese dinner party takes place at the
  2797. dinner table, although there is some tea drinking and chatting both before
  2798. and after the meal in other rooms. The dinner is served at a leisurely pace
  2799. so that each dish may be savored and talked about. A good dish is
  2800. appreciated for its appearance as much as its taste, texture and aroma. As
  2801. each dish is eaten, toasts will be made. The host will start off by toasting
  2802. the guest of honor and then other guests as a group. As the evening
  2803. progresses he will toast each guest in turn and each guest will probably
  2804. propose a toast of his own in honor of the host. A strongly flavored liquor
  2805. (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gāoliang
  2806. jiǔ</foreignphrase>). a milder rice wine (<foreignphrase
  2807. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huáng jiǔ</foreignphrase>). or beer may be
  2808. served. Guests usually drink only when toasting. If you'd like to take a
  2809. drink of something you either propose a toast or catch someone's eye and
  2810. silently toast each other.</para>
  2811. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mànmār chī:</foreignphrase> In
  2812. sentences expressing commands or requests, an adjectival verb describing
  2813. manner precedes the main verb.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
  2814. colsep="1">
  2815. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  2816. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  2817. <tbody>
  2818. <row>
  2819. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kuài yìdiǎr
  2820. kāi!</foreignphrase></entry>
  2821. </row>
  2822. <row>
  2823. <entry/>
  2824. </row>
  2825. <row>
  2826. <entry>Drive a little faster!</entry>
  2827. </row>
  2828. <row>
  2829. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kuài
  2830. lái!</foreignphrase></entry>
  2831. </row>
  2832. <row>
  2833. <entry/>
  2834. </row>
  2835. <row>
  2836. <entry>Come here quickly!</entry>
  2837. </row>
  2838. </tbody>
  2839. </tgroup>
  2840. </informaltable></para>
  2841. <para>In the sentence, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mànmār
  2842. chī</foreignphrase>, the adjectival verb coming before the main verb,
  2843. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">màn</foreignphrase>, is
  2844. reduplicated with the second syllable changing to a high tone. This also
  2845. happens in a few other instances.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
  2846. colsep="1">
  2847. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  2848. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  2849. <tbody>
  2850. <row>
  2851. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kuàikuārde
  2852. chī!</foreignphrase></entry>
  2853. </row>
  2854. <row>
  2855. <entry/>
  2856. </row>
  2857. <row>
  2858. <entry>Quickly eat!</entry>
  2859. </row>
  2860. <row>
  2861. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hǎohāode
  2862. zuò!</foreignphrase></entry>
  2863. </row>
  2864. <row>
  2865. <entry/>
  2866. </row>
  2867. <row>
  2868. <entry>Do it well!</entry>
  2869. </row>
  2870. </tbody>
  2871. </tgroup>
  2872. </informaltable></para>
  2873. </section>
  2874. </section>
  2875. </section>
  2876. <section>
  2877. <title>Part 3</title>
  2878. <section>
  2879. <title>Reference List</title>
  2880. </section>
  2881. <section>
  2882. <title>Reference Notes</title>
  2883. <section>
  2884. <title>Notes on Part 3</title>
  2885. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jìng</foreignphrase>: This is
  2886. the verb “to offer (something) respectfully”. It is used here ceremonially
  2887. in the phrase “offer her a glass” meaning “to toast her”.</para>
  2888. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juǎnqilai</foreignphrase>: This
  2889. compound verb is made of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2890. >juǎn</foreignphrase>. “to roll”, <foreignphrase
  2891. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qǐ</foreignphrase>, “to rise, go or come up”,
  2892. and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lái</foreignphrase> “to come”.
  2893. Both Peking Duck and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Mùxu
  2894. Ròu</foreignphrase> are eaten rolled up in pancakes.</para>
  2895. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xūn Jī</foreignphrase>: For this
  2896. dish, chicken is smoked in a vapor from burning tea leaves. This example of
  2897. Peking cuisine is served as a cold dish or a hot dish.</para>
  2898. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhá Xiāqiú</foreignphrase>:
  2899. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhá</foreignphrase> is the
  2900. verb “to deep fry”. This is a Shanghai dish of shredded shrimp shaped into
  2901. balls and then deep fried.</para>
  2902. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiàng</foreignphrase>: “Paste”.
  2903. The paste which is eaten with Peking Duck is <foreignphrase
  2904. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tiánmiànjiàng</foreignphrase>. “sweet bean
  2905. paste”.</para>
  2906. </section>
  2907. <section>
  2908. <title>Dialogue in Taipei</title>
  2909. <para/>
  2910. </section>
  2911. <section>
  2912. <title>Notes after Dialogue in Part 3</title>
  2913. <para/>
  2914. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zìjī lái</foreignphrase>:
  2915. This is a polite way for a guest to respond when the host has been serving
  2916. him specially.</para>
  2917. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xià yícì wǒmen kéyi zài lái
  2918. zhèli chī Kǎo Yā.</foreignphrase>: The use of the phrase <foreignphrase
  2919. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià yícì</foreignphrase> makes it sound as if
  2920. they are making definite plans about the next time they come to eat here,
  2921. when in fact they are Just talking generally about some future time. In
  2922. English, we use “sometime” rather than “next time”, as in “We'll have to get
  2923. together again sometime.”</para>
  2924. </section>
  2925. </section>
  2926. </section>
  2927. <section>
  2928. <title>Unit Vocabulary List</title>
  2929. <para>
  2930. <informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
  2931. <tgroup cols="3">
  2932. <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  2933. <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  2934. <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
  2935. <tbody>
  2936. <row>
  2937. <entry>
  2938. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bābǎo
  2939. fàn</foreignphrase>
  2940. </entry>
  2941. <entry>
  2942. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">八宝饭</foreignphrase>
  2943. </entry>
  2944. <entry> Eight Level Rice </entry>
  2945. </row>
  2946. <row>
  2947. <entry>
  2948. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2949. >biāozhǔn</foreignphrase>
  2950. </entry>
  2951. <entry>
  2952. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">标准</foreignphrase>
  2953. </entry>
  2954. <entry> level or standard </entry>
  2955. </row>
  2956. <row>
  2957. <entry>
  2958. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cháng</foreignphrase>
  2959. </entry>
  2960. <entry>
  2961. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">尝</foreignphrase>
  2962. </entry>
  2963. <entry> to taste, to savor </entry>
  2964. </row>
  2965. <row>
  2966. <entry>
  2967. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàjiā</foreignphrase>
  2968. </entry>
  2969. <entry>
  2970. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大家</foreignphrase>
  2971. </entry>
  2972. <entry> everybody </entry>
  2973. </row>
  2974. <row>
  2975. <entry>
  2976. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-dào</foreignphrase>
  2977. </entry>
  2978. <entry>
  2979. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">道</foreignphrase>
  2980. </entry>
  2981. <entry> counter for a course of a meal </entry>
  2982. </row>
  2983. <row>
  2984. <entry>
  2985. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dìng yìzhuō
  2986. xí</foreignphrase>
  2987. </entry>
  2988. <entry>
  2989. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">订一桌席</foreignphrase>
  2990. </entry>
  2991. <entry> reserve a table for a dinner party </entry>
  2992. </row>
  2993. <row>
  2994. <entry>
  2995. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dōnggua
  2996. zhōng</foreignphrase>
  2997. </entry>
  2998. <entry>
  2999. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">冬瓜中</foreignphrase>
  3000. </entry>
  3001. <entry> winter melon soup served in the carved melon shell </entry>
  3002. </row>
  3003. <row>
  3004. <entry>
  3005. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duōbàn</foreignphrase>
  3006. </entry>
  3007. <entry>
  3008. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">多半</foreignphrase>
  3009. </entry>
  3010. <entry> most of, the greater part of </entry>
  3011. </row>
  3012. <row>
  3013. <entry>
  3014. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Emèi
  3015. cāntīng</foreignphrase>
  3016. </entry>
  3017. <entry>
  3018. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">峨眉餐厅</foreignphrase>
  3019. </entry>
  3020. <entry> The Omei Reetaurant (a restaurant in Taipei) </entry>
  3021. </row>
  3022. <row>
  3023. <entry>
  3024. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3025. >fēngzéyuán</foreignphrase>
  3026. </entry>
  3027. <entry>
  3028. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">丰泽园 </foreignphrase>
  3029. </entry>
  3030. <entry> The name of a reetaurant in Peking </entry>
  3031. </row>
  3032. <row>
  3033. <entry>
  3034. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fùguì
  3035. jī</foreignphrase>
  3036. </entry>
  3037. <entry>
  3038. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">富贵鸡</foreignphrase>
  3039. </entry>
  3040. <entry> rich hicken </entry>
  3041. </row>
  3042. <row>
  3043. <entry>
  3044. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiào huā
  3045. jī</foreignphrase>
  3046. </entry>
  3047. <entry>
  3048. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">叫化鸡</foreignphrase>
  3049. </entry>
  3050. <entry> beggar's chicken </entry>
  3051. </row>
  3052. <row>
  3053. <entry>
  3054. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gānshāo
  3055. míngxià</foreignphrase>
  3056. </entry>
  3057. <entry>
  3058. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">干烧明虾</foreignphrase>
  3059. </entry>
  3060. <entry> dry-cooked jumbo shrimp, Szechuan Style </entry>
  3061. </row>
  3062. <row>
  3063. <entry>
  3064. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gān
  3065. yìbēi</foreignphrase>
  3066. </entry>
  3067. <entry>
  3068. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">干一杯</foreignphrase>
  3069. </entry>
  3070. <entry> to drink a glass (lit. to make a glass dry) </entry>
  3071. </row>
  3072. <row>
  3073. <entry>
  3074. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngzuò
  3075. shùnlì</foreignphrase>
  3076. </entry>
  3077. <entry>
  3078. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">工作顺利</foreignphrase>
  3079. </entry>
  3080. <entry> the work that goes well </entry>
  3081. </row>
  3082. <row>
  3083. <entry>
  3084. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">héshì</foreignphrase>
  3085. </entry>
  3086. <entry>
  3087. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">合适</foreignphrase>
  3088. </entry>
  3089. <entry> to be suitable, to be fitting </entry>
  3090. </row>
  3091. <row>
  3092. <entry>
  3093. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hóngshǎo
  3094. yúchī</foreignphrase>
  3095. </entry>
  3096. <entry>
  3097. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">红烧鱼翅</foreignphrase>
  3098. </entry>
  3099. <entry> red-cooked Shark's Fins </entry>
  3100. </row>
  3101. <row>
  3102. <entry>
  3103. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǎn</foreignphrase>
  3104. </entry>
  3105. <entry>
  3106. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">拣</foreignphrase>
  3107. </entry>
  3108. <entry> to select, pick out, to choose </entry>
  3109. </row>
  3110. <row>
  3111. <entry>
  3112. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3113. >jiànkāng</foreignphrase>
  3114. </entry>
  3115. <entry>
  3116. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">健康</foreignphrase>
  3117. </entry>
  3118. <entry> to be healthy </entry>
  3119. </row>
  3120. <row>
  3121. <entry>
  3122. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiàng</foreignphrase>
  3123. </entry>
  3124. <entry>
  3125. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">酱</foreignphrase>
  3126. </entry>
  3127. <entry> paste, bean paste </entry>
  3128. </row>
  3129. <row>
  3130. <entry>
  3131. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jǐn</foreignphrase>
  3132. </entry>
  3133. <entry>
  3134. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">仅</foreignphrase>
  3135. </entry>
  3136. <entry> (continually), only, Just </entry>
  3137. </row>
  3138. <row>
  3139. <entry>
  3140. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jìng</foreignphrase>
  3141. </entry>
  3142. <entry>
  3143. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">敬</foreignphrase>
  3144. </entry>
  3145. <entry> to offer someone something </entry>
  3146. </row>
  3147. <row>
  3148. <entry>
  3149. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǔ</foreignphrase>
  3150. </entry>
  3151. <entry>
  3152. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">酒</foreignphrase>
  3153. </entry>
  3154. <entry> liquor, wine </entry>
  3155. </row>
  3156. <row>
  3157. <entry>
  3158. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3159. >juǎnqilai</foreignphrase>
  3160. </entry>
  3161. <entry>
  3162. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">卷起来</foreignphrase>
  3163. </entry>
  3164. <entry> to roll up </entry>
  3165. </row>
  3166. <row>
  3167. <entry>
  3168. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kǎo yā</foreignphrase>
  3169. </entry>
  3170. <entry>
  3171. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">烤鸭</foreignphrase>
  3172. </entry>
  3173. <entry> Peking Duck </entry>
  3174. </row>
  3175. <row>
  3176. <entry>
  3177. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kè
  3178. (kèren)</foreignphrase>
  3179. </entry>
  3180. <entry>
  3181. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">客人(客人)</foreignphrase>
  3182. </entry>
  3183. <entry> guest(s) </entry>
  3184. </row>
  3185. <row>
  3186. <entry>
  3187. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3188. >lěngpán</foreignphrase>
  3189. </entry>
  3190. <entry>
  3191. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">冷盘</foreignphrase>
  3192. </entry>
  3193. <entry> cold dish </entry>
  3194. </row>
  3195. <row>
  3196. <entry>
  3197. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3198. >lìngwài</foreignphrase>
  3199. </entry>
  3200. <entry>
  3201. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">另外</foreignphrase>
  3202. </entry>
  3203. <entry> in addition to, additionally </entry>
  3204. </row>
  3205. <row>
  3206. <entry>
  3207. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3208. >míngxiā</foreignphrase>
  3209. </entry>
  3210. <entry>
  3211. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">虾</foreignphrase>
  3212. </entry>
  3213. <entry> shrimp </entry>
  3214. </row>
  3215. <row>
  3216. <entry>
  3217. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mìzhi
  3218. huǒtuǐ</foreignphrase>
  3219. </entry>
  3220. <entry>
  3221. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">蜜汁火腿</foreignphrase>
  3222. </entry>
  3223. <entry> ham in honey Sauce </entry>
  3224. </row>
  3225. <row>
  3226. <entry>
  3227. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pèi</foreignphrase>
  3228. </entry>
  3229. <entry>
  3230. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">配</foreignphrase>
  3231. </entry>
  3232. <entry> to find something to match, to match things </entry>
  3233. </row>
  3234. <row>
  3235. <entry>
  3236. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">peì
  3237. cài</foreignphrase>
  3238. </entry>
  3239. <entry>
  3240. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">配菜</foreignphrase>
  3241. </entry>
  3242. <entry> to select dishes for a formal menu </entry>
  3243. </row>
  3244. <row>
  3245. <entry>
  3246. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ràng</foreignphrase>
  3247. </entry>
  3248. <entry>
  3249. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">让</foreignphrase>
  3250. </entry>
  3251. <entry> to allow, to have someone do something </entry>
  3252. </row>
  3253. <row>
  3254. <entry>
  3255. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3256. >shēngrì</foreignphrase>
  3257. </entry>
  3258. <entry>
  3259. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">生日</foreignphrase>
  3260. </entry>
  3261. <entry> birthday </entry>
  3262. </row>
  3263. <row>
  3264. <entry>
  3265. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēntǐ
  3266. jiànkāng</foreignphrase>
  3267. </entry>
  3268. <entry>
  3269. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">身体健康</foreignphrase>
  3270. </entry>
  3271. <entry> good health </entry>
  3272. </row>
  3273. <row>
  3274. <entry>
  3275. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shùnlì</foreignphrase>
  3276. </entry>
  3277. <entry>
  3278. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">顺利</foreignphrase>
  3279. </entry>
  3280. <entry> to go well, without difficulty </entry>
  3281. </row>
  3282. <row>
  3283. <entry>
  3284. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3285. >sòngxíng</foreignphrase>
  3286. </entry>
  3287. <entry>
  3288. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">送行</foreignphrase>
  3289. </entry>
  3290. <entry> to see a person off </entry>
  3291. </row>
  3292. <row>
  3293. <entry>
  3294. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">suíyì</foreignphrase>
  3295. </entry>
  3296. <entry>
  3297. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">随意</foreignphrase>
  3298. </entry>
  3299. <entry> according to one's wishes </entry>
  3300. </row>
  3301. <row>
  3302. <entry>
  3303. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tángcù
  3304. yú</foreignphrase>
  3305. </entry>
  3306. <entry>
  3307. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">糖醋鱼</foreignphrase>
  3308. </entry>
  3309. <entry> sweet and sour fish </entry>
  3310. </row>
  3311. <row>
  3312. <entry>
  3313. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3314. >tiáncài</foreignphrase>
  3315. </entry>
  3316. <entry>
  3317. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">甜蔡</foreignphrase>
  3318. </entry>
  3319. <entry> dessert </entry>
  3320. </row>
  3321. <row>
  3322. <entry>
  3323. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāngsū
  3324. yā</foreignphrase>
  3325. </entry>
  3326. <entry>
  3327. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">香酥鸭</foreignphrase>
  3328. </entry>
  3329. <entry> fragrant crispy duck </entry>
  3330. </row>
  3331. <row>
  3332. <entry>
  3333. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīngrèn
  3334. dòufu</foreignphrase>
  3335. </entry>
  3336. <entry>
  3337. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">杏仁豆腐</foreignphrase>
  3338. </entry>
  3339. <entry> almond pudding </entry>
  3340. </row>
  3341. <row>
  3342. <entry>
  3343. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xūn jī</foreignphrase>
  3344. </entry>
  3345. <entry>
  3346. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">熏鸡</foreignphrase>
  3347. </entry>
  3348. <entry> smoked chicken </entry>
  3349. </row>
  3350. <row>
  3351. <entry>
  3352. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yā</foreignphrase>
  3353. </entry>
  3354. <entry>
  3355. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鸭</foreignphrase>
  3356. </entry>
  3357. <entry> duck </entry>
  3358. </row>
  3359. <row>
  3360. <entry>
  3361. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yílù
  3362. píngān</foreignphrase>
  3363. </entry>
  3364. <entry>
  3365. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一路平安</foreignphrase>
  3366. </entry>
  3367. <entry> have a nice trip; bon voyage (lit. a safe journey) </entry>
  3368. </row>
  3369. <row>
  3370. <entry>
  3371. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yú</foreignphrase>
  3372. </entry>
  3373. <entry>
  3374. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鱼</foreignphrase>
  3375. </entry>
  3376. <entry> fish </entry>
  3377. </row>
  3378. <row>
  3379. <entry>
  3380. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yúchì</foreignphrase>
  3381. </entry>
  3382. <entry>
  3383. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鱼翅</foreignphrase>
  3384. </entry>
  3385. <entry> shark's fin </entry>
  3386. </row>
  3387. <row>
  3388. <entry>
  3389. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhù</foreignphrase>
  3390. </entry>
  3391. <entry>
  3392. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">祝</foreignphrase>
  3393. </entry>
  3394. <entry> to wish (someone something) </entry>
  3395. </row>
  3396. <row>
  3397. <entry>
  3398. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhǔkè</foreignphrase>
  3399. </entry>
  3400. <entry>
  3401. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">主客</foreignphrase>
  3402. </entry>
  3403. <entry> guest of honor </entry>
  3404. </row>
  3405. <row>
  3406. <entry>
  3407. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhá
  3408. xiāqiú</foreignphrase>
  3409. </entry>
  3410. <entry>
  3411. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">炸虾球</foreignphrase>
  3412. </entry>
  3413. <entry> deep fried shrimp balls </entry>
  3414. </row>
  3415. <row>
  3416. <entry>
  3417. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3418. >zhōngjiān</foreignphrase>
  3419. </entry>
  3420. <entry>
  3421. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">中间</foreignphrase>
  3422. </entry>
  3423. <entry> middle </entry>
  3424. </row>
  3425. <row>
  3426. <entry>
  3427. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuì jí</foreignphrase>
  3428. </entry>
  3429. <entry>
  3430. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">醉鸡</foreignphrase>
  3431. </entry>
  3432. <entry> drunken chicken </entry>
  3433. </row>
  3434. </tbody>
  3435. </tgroup>
  3436. </informaltable>
  3437. </para>
  3438. </section>
  3439. <section>
  3440. <title>Foods</title>
  3441. <para>
  3442. <informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
  3443. <tgroup cols="3">
  3444. <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  3445. <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  3446. <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
  3447. <tbody>
  3448. <row>
  3449. <entry>
  3450. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ròu</foreignphrase>
  3451. </entry>
  3452. <entry>
  3453. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肉</foreignphrase>
  3454. </entry>
  3455. <entry> meat </entry>
  3456. </row>
  3457. <row>
  3458. <entry>
  3459. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huǒtuǐ</foreignphrase>
  3460. </entry>
  3461. <entry>
  3462. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">火腿</foreignphrase>
  3463. </entry>
  3464. <entry> ham </entry>
  3465. </row>
  3466. <row>
  3467. <entry>
  3468. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niúròu</foreignphrase>
  3469. </entry>
  3470. <entry>
  3471. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">牛肉</foreignphrase>
  3472. </entry>
  3473. <entry> beef </entry>
  3474. </row>
  3475. <row>
  3476. <entry>
  3477. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">páigu</foreignphrase>
  3478. </entry>
  3479. <entry>
  3480. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">排骨</foreignphrase>
  3481. </entry>
  3482. <entry> spare ribs </entry>
  3483. </row>
  3484. <row>
  3485. <entry>
  3486. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3487. >yángròu</foreignphrase>
  3488. </entry>
  3489. <entry>
  3490. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">羊肉</foreignphrase>
  3491. </entry>
  3492. <entry> lamb </entry>
  3493. </row>
  3494. <row>
  3495. <entry>
  3496. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhūròu</foreignphrase>
  3497. </entry>
  3498. <entry>
  3499. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">猪肉</foreignphrase>
  3500. </entry>
  3501. <entry> pork </entry>
  3502. </row>
  3503. <row>
  3504. <entry>
  3505. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jī</foreignphrase>
  3506. </entry>
  3507. <entry>
  3508. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鸡</foreignphrase>
  3509. </entry>
  3510. <entry> chicken </entry>
  3511. </row>
  3512. <row>
  3513. <entry>
  3514. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yā,
  3515. yāzi</foreignphrase>
  3516. </entry>
  3517. <entry>
  3518. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鸭,鸭子</foreignphrase>
  3519. </entry>
  3520. <entry> duck </entry>
  3521. </row>
  3522. <row>
  3523. <entry>
  3524. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yú</foreignphrase>
  3525. </entry>
  3526. <entry>
  3527. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鱼</foreignphrase>
  3528. </entry>
  3529. <entry> fish </entry>
  3530. </row>
  3531. <row>
  3532. <entry>
  3533. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiā</foreignphrase>
  3534. </entry>
  3535. <entry>
  3536. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">虾</foreignphrase>
  3537. </entry>
  3538. <entry> shrimp </entry>
  3539. </row>
  3540. <row>
  3541. <entry>
  3542. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bàoyú</foreignphrase>
  3543. </entry>
  3544. <entry>
  3545. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鲍鱼</foreignphrase>
  3546. </entry>
  3547. <entry> abalone </entry>
  3548. </row>
  3549. <row>
  3550. <entry>
  3551. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàxiā</foreignphrase>
  3552. </entry>
  3553. <entry>
  3554. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大虾</foreignphrase>
  3555. </entry>
  3556. <entry> prawn </entry>
  3557. </row>
  3558. <row>
  3559. <entry>
  3560. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3561. >huánghuāyú</foreignphrase>
  3562. </entry>
  3563. <entry>
  3564. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">黄花鱼</foreignphrase>
  3565. </entry>
  3566. <entry> yellow fish </entry>
  3567. </row>
  3568. <row>
  3569. <entry>
  3570. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3571. >lóngxiā</foreignphrase>
  3572. </entry>
  3573. <entry>
  3574. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">龙虾</foreignphrase>
  3575. </entry>
  3576. <entry> lobster </entry>
  3577. </row>
  3578. <row>
  3579. <entry>
  3580. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3581. >pángxie</foreignphrase>
  3582. </entry>
  3583. <entry>
  3584. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">螃蟹</foreignphrase>
  3585. </entry>
  3586. <entry> crab </entry>
  3587. </row>
  3588. <row>
  3589. <entry>
  3590. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiārén</foreignphrase>
  3591. </entry>
  3592. <entry>
  3593. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">虾仁</foreignphrase>
  3594. </entry>
  3595. <entry> shrimp meat </entry>
  3596. </row>
  3597. <row>
  3598. <entry>
  3599. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yóuyú</foreignphrase>
  3600. </entry>
  3601. <entry>
  3602. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鱿鱼</foreignphrase>
  3603. </entry>
  3604. <entry> squid </entry>
  3605. </row>
  3606. <row>
  3607. <entry>
  3608. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yúchì</foreignphrase>
  3609. </entry>
  3610. <entry>
  3611. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鱼事</foreignphrase>
  3612. </entry>
  3613. <entry> shark's fin </entry>
  3614. </row>
  3615. <row>
  3616. <entry>
  3617. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3618. >shuǐguo</foreignphrase>
  3619. </entry>
  3620. <entry>
  3621. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">水果</foreignphrase>
  3622. </entry>
  3623. <entry> fruit </entry>
  3624. </row>
  3625. <row>
  3626. <entry>
  3627. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fènglí</foreignphrase>
  3628. </entry>
  3629. <entry>
  3630. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">凤梨</foreignphrase>
  3631. </entry>
  3632. <entry> pineapple (Taiwan) </entry>
  3633. </row>
  3634. <row>
  3635. <entry>
  3636. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bōluó</foreignphrase>
  3637. </entry>
  3638. <entry>
  3639. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">菠萝</foreignphrase>
  3640. </entry>
  3641. <entry> pineapple (Mainland) </entry>
  3642. </row>
  3643. <row>
  3644. <entry>
  3645. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">júzi</foreignphrase>
  3646. </entry>
  3647. <entry>
  3648. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">橘子</foreignphrase>
  3649. </entry>
  3650. <entry> tangerine (Taiwan) </entry>
  3651. </row>
  3652. <row>
  3653. <entry>
  3654. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">júzi</foreignphrase>
  3655. </entry>
  3656. <entry>
  3657. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">橘子</foreignphrase>
  3658. </entry>
  3659. <entry> orange (Mainland) </entry>
  3660. </row>
  3661. <row>
  3662. <entry>
  3663. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lìzhī</foreignphrase>
  3664. </entry>
  3665. <entry>
  3666. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">荔枝</foreignphrase>
  3667. </entry>
  3668. <entry> lichee </entry>
  3669. </row>
  3670. <row>
  3671. <entry>
  3672. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lǐzi</foreignphrase>
  3673. </entry>
  3674. <entry>
  3675. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">李子</foreignphrase>
  3676. </entry>
  3677. <entry> plum </entry>
  3678. </row>
  3679. <row>
  3680. <entry>
  3681. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3682. >liǔdīng</foreignphrase>
  3683. </entry>
  3684. <entry>
  3685. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">柳丁 </foreignphrase>
  3686. </entry>
  3687. <entry> orange (Taiwan) </entry>
  3688. </row>
  3689. <row>
  3690. <entry>
  3691. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3692. >mángguo</foreignphrase>
  3693. </entry>
  3694. <entry>
  3695. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">芒果</foreignphrase>
  3696. </entry>
  3697. <entry> mango </entry>
  3698. </row>
  3699. <row>
  3700. <entry>
  3701. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3702. >píngguo</foreignphrase>
  3703. </entry>
  3704. <entry>
  3705. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">苹果</foreignphrase>
  3706. </entry>
  3707. <entry> apple </entry>
  3708. </row>
  3709. <row>
  3710. <entry>
  3711. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pútao</foreignphrase>
  3712. </entry>
  3713. <entry>
  3714. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">葡萄</foreignphrase>
  3715. </entry>
  3716. <entry> grape </entry>
  3717. </row>
  3718. <row>
  3719. <entry>
  3720. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3721. >xiāngjiāo</foreignphrase>
  3722. </entry>
  3723. <entry>
  3724. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">香蕉</foreignphrase>
  3725. </entry>
  3726. <entry> banana </entry>
  3727. </row>
  3728. <row>
  3729. <entry>
  3730. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīgua</foreignphrase>
  3731. </entry>
  3732. <entry>
  3733. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">西瓜</foreignphrase>
  3734. </entry>
  3735. <entry> watermelon </entry>
  3736. </row>
  3737. <row>
  3738. <entry>
  3739. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3740. >qīngcài</foreignphrase>
  3741. </entry>
  3742. <entry>
  3743. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">青菜 </foreignphrase>
  3744. </entry>
  3745. <entry> green vegetables </entry>
  3746. </row>
  3747. <row>
  3748. <entry>
  3749. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bái
  3750. luóbo</foreignphrase>
  3751. </entry>
  3752. <entry>
  3753. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">白萝卜</foreignphrase>
  3754. </entry>
  3755. <entry> white radish </entry>
  3756. </row>
  3757. <row>
  3758. <entry>
  3759. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bāicài</foreignphrase>
  3760. </entry>
  3761. <entry>
  3762. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">白菜</foreignphrase>
  3763. </entry>
  3764. <entry> cabbage </entry>
  3765. </row>
  3766. <row>
  3767. <entry>
  3768. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bōcài</foreignphrase>
  3769. </entry>
  3770. <entry>
  3771. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">菠菜</foreignphrase>
  3772. </entry>
  3773. <entry> spinach </entry>
  3774. </row>
  3775. <row>
  3776. <entry>
  3777. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cōng</foreignphrase>
  3778. </entry>
  3779. <entry>
  3780. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">葱</foreignphrase>
  3781. </entry>
  3782. <entry> scallion, green onion </entry>
  3783. </row>
  3784. <row>
  3785. <entry>
  3786. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dōnggū</foreignphrase>
  3787. </entry>
  3788. <entry>
  3789. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">冬菇 </foreignphrase>
  3790. </entry>
  3791. <entry> dried black mushroom </entry>
  3792. </row>
  3793. <row>
  3794. <entry>
  3795. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3796. >dōnggua</foreignphrase>
  3797. </entry>
  3798. <entry>
  3799. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">冬瓜 </foreignphrase>
  3800. </entry>
  3801. <entry> winter melon </entry>
  3802. </row>
  3803. <row>
  3804. <entry>
  3805. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3806. >dōngsǔn</foreignphrase>
  3807. </entry>
  3808. <entry>
  3809. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">冬笋</foreignphrase>
  3810. </entry>
  3811. <entry> bamboo shoot </entry>
  3812. </row>
  3813. <row>
  3814. <entry>
  3815. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòuyá</foreignphrase>
  3816. </entry>
  3817. <entry>
  3818. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">豆芽 </foreignphrase>
  3819. </entry>
  3820. <entry> bean sprouts </entry>
  3821. </row>
  3822. <row>
  3823. <entry>
  3824. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fānqié</foreignphrase>
  3825. </entry>
  3826. <entry>
  3827. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">番茄 </foreignphrase>
  3828. </entry>
  3829. <entry> tomato </entry>
  3830. </row>
  3831. <row>
  3832. <entry>
  3833. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3834. >húluóbo</foreignphrase>
  3835. </entry>
  3836. <entry>
  3837. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">胡萝卜</foreignphrase>
  3838. </entry>
  3839. <entry> carrot </entry>
  3840. </row>
  3841. <row>
  3842. <entry>
  3843. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3844. >huángguā</foreignphrase>
  3845. </entry>
  3846. <entry>
  3847. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">黄瓜</foreignphrase>
  3848. </entry>
  3849. <entry> cucumber </entry>
  3850. </row>
  3851. <row>
  3852. <entry>
  3853. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">là
  3854. jiao</foreignphrase>
  3855. </entry>
  3856. <entry>
  3857. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">辣椒 </foreignphrase>
  3858. </entry>
  3859. <entry> red (hot) pepper </entry>
  3860. </row>
  3861. <row>
  3862. <entry>
  3863. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mùěr</foreignphrase>
  3864. </entry>
  3865. <entry>
  3866. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">木耳</foreignphrase>
  3867. </entry>
  3868. <entry> wood ear, tree fungus </entry>
  3869. </row>
  3870. <row>
  3871. <entry>
  3872. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qiézi</foreignphrase>
  3873. </entry>
  3874. <entry>
  3875. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">茄子</foreignphrase>
  3876. </entry>
  3877. <entry> eggplant </entry>
  3878. </row>
  3879. <row>
  3880. <entry>
  3881. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3882. >qīngdòu</foreignphrase>
  3883. </entry>
  3884. <entry>
  3885. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">青豆</foreignphrase>
  3886. </entry>
  3887. <entry> green peas </entry>
  3888. </row>
  3889. <row>
  3890. <entry>
  3891. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3892. >qīngjiāo</foreignphrase>
  3893. </entry>
  3894. <entry>
  3895. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">青椒 </foreignphrase>
  3896. </entry>
  3897. <entry> green pepper </entry>
  3898. </row>
  3899. <row>
  3900. <entry>
  3901. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qíncài</foreignphrase>
  3902. </entry>
  3903. <entry>
  3904. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">芹菜</foreignphrase>
  3905. </entry>
  3906. <entry> celery </entry>
  3907. </row>
  3908. <row>
  3909. <entry>
  3910. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3911. >xiāngcài</foreignphrase>
  3912. </entry>
  3913. <entry>
  3914. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">香菜</foreignphrase>
  3915. </entry>
  3916. <entry> Chinese parsley (coriander) </entry>
  3917. </row>
  3918. <row>
  3919. <entry>
  3920. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3921. >xīhóngshì</foreignphrase>
  3922. </entry>
  3923. <entry>
  3924. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">西红柿</foreignphrase>
  3925. </entry>
  3926. <entry> tomato </entry>
  3927. </row>
  3928. <row>
  3929. <entry>
  3930. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xuědòu</foreignphrase>
  3931. </entry>
  3932. <entry>
  3933. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">雪豆</foreignphrase>
  3934. </entry>
  3935. <entry> snow pea pods </entry>
  3936. </row>
  3937. <row>
  3938. <entry>
  3939. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3940. >yángcōng</foreignphrase>
  3941. </entry>
  3942. <entry>
  3943. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">洋葱</foreignphrase>
  3944. </entry>
  3945. <entry> onion </entry>
  3946. </row>
  3947. <row>
  3948. <entry>
  3949. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yánggū</foreignphrase>
  3950. </entry>
  3951. <entry>
  3952. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">秧菇</foreignphrase>
  3953. </entry>
  3954. <entry> button mushroom </entry>
  3955. </row>
  3956. <row>
  3957. <entry>
  3958. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3959. >zuóliao</foreignphrase>
  3960. </entry>
  3961. <entry>
  3962. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">佐料</foreignphrase>
  3963. </entry>
  3964. <entry> spices </entry>
  3965. </row>
  3966. <row>
  3967. <entry>
  3968. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gālǐ</foreignphrase>
  3969. </entry>
  3970. <entry>
  3971. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">咖喱 </foreignphrase>
  3972. </entry>
  3973. <entry> curry </entry>
  3974. </row>
  3975. <row>
  3976. <entry>
  3977. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3978. >huājiāo</foreignphrase>
  3979. </entry>
  3980. <entry>
  3981. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">花椒</foreignphrase>
  3982. </entry>
  3983. <entry> fragrant (Szechuan) pepper </entry>
  3984. </row>
  3985. <row>
  3986. <entry>
  3987. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hújiāo</foreignphrase>
  3988. </entry>
  3989. <entry>
  3990. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">胡椒 </foreignphrase>
  3991. </entry>
  3992. <entry> black pepper </entry>
  3993. </row>
  3994. <row>
  3995. <entry>
  3996. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiāng</foreignphrase>
  3997. </entry>
  3998. <entry>
  3999. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">姜</foreignphrase>
  4000. </entry>
  4001. <entry> ginger </entry>
  4002. </row>
  4003. <row>
  4004. <entry>
  4005. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jièmo</foreignphrase>
  4006. </entry>
  4007. <entry>
  4008. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">芥末</foreignphrase>
  4009. </entry>
  4010. <entry> mustard </entry>
  4011. </row>
  4012. <row>
  4013. <entry>
  4014. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">suàn</foreignphrase>
  4015. </entry>
  4016. <entry>
  4017. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">蒜</foreignphrase>
  4018. </entry>
  4019. <entry> garlic </entry>
  4020. </row>
  4021. <row>
  4022. <entry>
  4023. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yán</foreignphrase>
  4024. </entry>
  4025. <entry>
  4026. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">盐</foreignphrase>
  4027. </entry>
  4028. <entry> salt </entry>
  4029. </row>
  4030. <row>
  4031. <entry>
  4032. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhīma</foreignphrase>
  4033. </entry>
  4034. <entry>
  4035. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">芝麻</foreignphrase>
  4036. </entry>
  4037. <entry> sesame seed </entry>
  4038. </row>
  4039. <row>
  4040. <entry>
  4041. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yóu</foreignphrase>
  4042. </entry>
  4043. <entry>
  4044. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">油</foreignphrase>
  4045. </entry>
  4046. <entry> oil </entry>
  4047. </row>
  4048. <row>
  4049. <entry>
  4050. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">háo
  4051. yóu</foreignphrase>
  4052. </entry>
  4053. <entry>
  4054. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">蚝油</foreignphrase>
  4055. </entry>
  4056. <entry> oyster sauce </entry>
  4057. </row>
  4058. <row>
  4059. <entry>
  4060. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hóng
  4061. yóu</foreignphrase>
  4062. </entry>
  4063. <entry>
  4064. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">红油</foreignphrase>
  4065. </entry>
  4066. <entry> red (hot) pepper oil </entry>
  4067. </row>
  4068. <row>
  4069. <entry>
  4070. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huāshēng
  4071. yóu</foreignphrase>
  4072. </entry>
  4073. <entry>
  4074. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">花生油</foreignphrase>
  4075. </entry>
  4076. <entry> peanut oil </entry>
  4077. </row>
  4078. <row>
  4079. <entry>
  4080. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiàng
  4081. yóu</foreignphrase>
  4082. </entry>
  4083. <entry>
  4084. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">酱油</foreignphrase>
  4085. </entry>
  4086. <entry> soy sauce </entry>
  4087. </row>
  4088. <row>
  4089. <entry>
  4090. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">là yóu</foreignphrase>
  4091. </entry>
  4092. <entry>
  4093. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">辣油</foreignphrase>
  4094. </entry>
  4095. <entry> red (hot) pepper oil </entry>
  4096. </row>
  4097. <row>
  4098. <entry>
  4099. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">má yóu</foreignphrase>
  4100. </entry>
  4101. <entry>
  4102. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">麻油 </foreignphrase>
  4103. </entry>
  4104. <entry> sesame oil (Taiwan) </entry>
  4105. </row>
  4106. <row>
  4107. <entry>
  4108. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāng
  4109. yóu</foreignphrase>
  4110. </entry>
  4111. <entry>
  4112. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">香油 </foreignphrase>
  4113. </entry>
  4114. <entry> sesame oil (Mainland) </entry>
  4115. </row>
  4116. <row>
  4117. <entry>
  4118. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiàng</foreignphrase>
  4119. </entry>
  4120. <entry>
  4121. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">酱</foreignphrase>
  4122. </entry>
  4123. <entry> sauces, pastes </entry>
  4124. </row>
  4125. <row>
  4126. <entry>
  4127. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">douban
  4128. jiàng</foreignphrase>
  4129. </entry>
  4130. <entry>
  4131. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">酱</foreignphrase>
  4132. </entry>
  4133. <entry> bean paste </entry>
  4134. </row>
  4135. <row>
  4136. <entry>
  4137. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tiánmiàn
  4138. jiàng</foreignphrase>
  4139. </entry>
  4140. <entry>
  4141. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">酱</foreignphrase>
  4142. </entry>
  4143. <entry> sweet bean paste </entry>
  4144. </row>
  4145. <row>
  4146. <entry>
  4147. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhīma
  4148. jiàng</foreignphrase>
  4149. </entry>
  4150. <entry>
  4151. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">芝麻酱</foreignphrase>
  4152. </entry>
  4153. <entry> sesame paste </entry>
  4154. </row>
  4155. <row>
  4156. <entry>
  4157. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǔ</foreignphrase>
  4158. </entry>
  4159. <entry>
  4160. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">酒</foreignphrase>
  4161. </entry>
  4162. <entry> liquor </entry>
  4163. </row>
  4164. <row>
  4165. <entry>
  4166. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Gāoliáng
  4167. jiǔ</foreignphrase>
  4168. </entry>
  4169. <entry>
  4170. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">高粱酒</foreignphrase>
  4171. </entry>
  4172. <entry>
  4173. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  4174. >gāoliáng</foreignphrase> win (sorghum) </entry>
  4175. </row>
  4176. <row>
  4177. <entry>
  4178. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huáng
  4179. jiu</foreignphrase>
  4180. </entry>
  4181. <entry>
  4182. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">黄酒</foreignphrase>
  4183. </entry>
  4184. <entry> yellow wine </entry>
  4185. </row>
  4186. <row>
  4187. <entry>
  4188. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">píjiǔ</foreignphrase>
  4189. </entry>
  4190. <entry>
  4191. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">啤酒</foreignphrase>
  4192. </entry>
  4193. <entry> beer </entry>
  4194. </row>
  4195. <row>
  4196. <entry>
  4197. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pútáo
  4198. Jiǔ</foreignphrase>
  4199. </entry>
  4200. <entry>
  4201. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">酒</foreignphrase>
  4202. </entry>
  4203. <entry> grape wine </entry>
  4204. </row>
  4205. <row>
  4206. <entry>
  4207. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shāoxīng
  4208. jiǔ</foreignphrase>
  4209. </entry>
  4210. <entry>
  4211. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">绍兴 </foreignphrase>
  4212. </entry>
  4213. <entry> a yellow vine made in <foreignphrase
  4214. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shāoxīng</foreignphrase>
  4215. </entry>
  4216. </row>
  4217. <row>
  4218. <entry>
  4219. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zá
  4220. xiàng</foreignphrase>
  4221. </entry>
  4222. <entry>
  4223. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">杂项</foreignphrase>
  4224. </entry>
  4225. <entry> miscellaneous </entry>
  4226. </row>
  4227. <row>
  4228. <entry>
  4229. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  4230. >báobǐng</foreignphrase>
  4231. </entry>
  4232. <entry>
  4233. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">薄饼 </foreignphrase>
  4234. </entry>
  4235. <entry> thin rolled, wheat-flour pancake </entry>
  4236. </row>
  4237. <row>
  4238. <entry>
  4239. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chá</foreignphrase>
  4240. </entry>
  4241. <entry>
  4242. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">茶</foreignphrase>
  4243. </entry>
  4244. <entry> tea </entry>
  4245. </row>
  4246. <row>
  4247. <entry>
  4248. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cù</foreignphrase>
  4249. </entry>
  4250. <entry>
  4251. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">醋</foreignphrase>
  4252. </entry>
  4253. <entry> vinegar </entry>
  4254. </row>
  4255. <row>
  4256. <entry>
  4257. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòufu</foreignphrase>
  4258. </entry>
  4259. <entry>
  4260. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">豆腐</foreignphrase>
  4261. </entry>
  4262. <entry> bean curd </entry>
  4263. </row>
  4264. <row>
  4265. <entry>
  4266. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòufu
  4267. rǔ</foreignphrase>
  4268. </entry>
  4269. <entry>
  4270. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">豆腐乳</foreignphrase>
  4271. </entry>
  4272. <entry> fermented bean curd </entry>
  4273. </row>
  4274. <row>
  4275. <entry>
  4276. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  4277. >dòujiāng</foreignphrase>
  4278. </entry>
  4279. <entry>
  4280. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">豆浆</foreignphrase>
  4281. </entry>
  4282. <entry> soybean milk, soy milk </entry>
  4283. </row>
  4284. <row>
  4285. <entry>
  4286. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fěnsī</foreignphrase>
  4287. </entry>
  4288. <entry>
  4289. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">粉丝</foreignphrase>
  4290. </entry>
  4291. <entry> cellophane noodles, bean thread noodles </entry>
  4292. </row>
  4293. <row>
  4294. <entry>
  4295. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jīdàn</foreignphrase>
  4296. </entry>
  4297. <entry>
  4298. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鸡蛋</foreignphrase>
  4299. </entry>
  4300. <entry> chicken egg </entry>
  4301. </row>
  4302. <row>
  4303. <entry>
  4304. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāfēi</foreignphrase>
  4305. </entry>
  4306. <entry>
  4307. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">咖啡</foreignphrase>
  4308. </entry>
  4309. <entry> coffee </entry>
  4310. </row>
  4311. <row>
  4312. <entry>
  4313. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">miàn</foreignphrase>
  4314. </entry>
  4315. <entry>
  4316. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">面</foreignphrase>
  4317. </entry>
  4318. <entry> wheat-flour noodles </entry>
  4319. </row>
  4320. <row>
  4321. <entry>
  4322. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  4323. >miànbāo</foreignphrase>
  4324. </entry>
  4325. <entry>
  4326. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">面包</foreignphrase>
  4327. </entry>
  4328. <entry> bread </entry>
  4329. </row>
  4330. <row>
  4331. <entry>
  4332. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  4333. >miànfěn</foreignphrase>
  4334. </entry>
  4335. <entry>
  4336. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">面粉</foreignphrase>
  4337. </entry>
  4338. <entry> flour </entry>
  4339. </row>
  4340. <row>
  4341. <entry>
  4342. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǐfěn</foreignphrase>
  4343. </entry>
  4344. <entry>
  4345. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">米粉</foreignphrase>
  4346. </entry>
  4347. <entry> rice, or rice flour noodles </entry>
  4348. </row>
  4349. <row>
  4350. <entry>
  4351. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pídàn </foreignphrase>
  4352. </entry>
  4353. <entry>
  4354. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">皮蛋</foreignphrase>
  4355. </entry>
  4356. <entry> preserved egg (Taiwan) </entry>
  4357. </row>
  4358. <row>
  4359. <entry>
  4360. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sònghuā dàn
  4361. </foreignphrase>
  4362. </entry>
  4363. <entry>
  4364. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">松花蛋</foreignphrase>
  4365. </entry>
  4366. <entry> preserved egg (Mainland) </entry>
  4367. </row>
  4368. <row>
  4369. <entry>
  4370. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhàcài</foreignphrase>
  4371. </entry>
  4372. <entry>
  4373. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">榨菜</foreignphrase>
  4374. </entry>
  4375. <entry> hot pickled cabbage (Szechuan) </entry>
  4376. </row>
  4377. </tbody>
  4378. </tgroup>
  4379. </informaltable></para>
  4380. </section>
  4381. </section>
  4382. </chapter>