FSI-OptionalModule-WLF.xml.bak 538 KB

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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2. <?xml-model href="http://docbook.org/xml/5.1/rng/docbook.rng" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>
  3. <?xml-model href="http://docbook.org/xml/5.1/sch/docbook.sch" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>
  4. <chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
  5. version="5.1">
  6. <title>Personal Welfare</title>
  7. <para/>
  8. <section>
  9. <title>Objectives for the Personal Welfare Module</title>
  10. <para>When you have finished this module, you will be able to:</para>
  11. <orderedlist>
  12. <listitem>
  13. <para>Describe the weather in all four seasons for your present locale, a Chinese
  14. city, and your hometown. </para>
  15. </listitem>
  16. <listitem>
  17. <para>Describe the location, geographical setting, population, and air quality of
  18. the three areas in No. 1. </para>
  19. </listitem>
  20. <listitem>
  21. <para>Give the names of five or more items of clothing. </para>
  22. </listitem>
  23. <listitem>
  24. <para>Get your hair cut or styled. </para>
  25. </listitem>
  26. <listitem>
  27. <para>Describe several items you ordinarily carry with you when traveling. </para>
  28. </listitem>
  29. <listitem>
  30. <para>Give the names of and describe the different rooms in a house. </para>
  31. </listitem>
  32. <listitem>
  33. <para>Give simple directions to a babysitter. </para>
  34. </listitem>
  35. <listitem>
  36. <para>Ask and answer questions about the common cold and its symptoms. Offer advice
  37. on what to do for a simple ailment. Understand the use of kāishuǐ, “boiled
  38. water.” </para>
  39. </listitem>
  40. <listitem>
  41. <para>Describe what takes place during a visit to the doctor. Know how to give
  42. normal body temperature in Celsius and in Fahrenheit. Tell '“where it hurts”
  43. (using a list of the parts of the body, if necessary. ) </para>
  44. </listitem>
  45. <listitem>
  46. <para>Describe accidents where injuries occur, and tell someone to call an
  47. ambulance. </para>
  48. </listitem>
  49. <listitem>
  50. <para>Report the loss of a passport to the appropriate officials. Find out where to
  51. go to report the loss and be able to determine whether adequate translation
  52. facilities will be available. </para>
  53. </listitem>
  54. <listitem>
  55. <para>Use the words for “danger” and “caution” in grammatical, situationally
  56. appropriate sentences. Describe how someone entered a restricted area and how
  57. and for what reasons he was escorted out.</para>
  58. </listitem>
  59. </orderedlist>
  60. </section>
  61. <section>
  62. <title>Unit 1: Weather and Terrain</title>
  63. <section>
  64. <title>References Notes</title>
  65. <section>
  66. <title>Part 1</title>
  67. <section>
  68. <title>Reference List</title>
  69. <para/>
  70. </section>
  71. <section>
  72. <title>References Notes on Part 1</title>
  73. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīntiān tiānqi hěn
  74. hǎo</foreignphrase>: Notice that the time word <foreignphrase
  75. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jīntiān</foreignphrase> “today” is placed
  76. before the subject, not directly before the verb here. Most time words of
  77. more than one syllable may come either before or after the subject, but in
  78. either case before the verb. Examples:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
  79. colsep="1">
  80. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  81. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  82. <tbody>
  83. <row>
  84. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qùnián wǒ
  85. hái bú huì xiě zì.</foreignphrase></entry>
  86. </row>
  87. <row>
  88. <entry/>
  89. </row>
  90. <row>
  91. <entry>Last year I still couldn't write characters.</entry>
  92. </row>
  93. <row>
  94. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xiànzài
  95. hui xiě yìdiǎn le. </foreignphrase></entry>
  96. </row>
  97. <row>
  98. <entry/>
  99. </row>
  100. <row>
  101. <entry>Now I can write a little.</entry>
  102. </row>
  103. </tbody>
  104. </tgroup>
  105. </informaltable></para>
  106. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qìhòu</foreignphrase>: “climate”
  107. Also pronounced <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  108. >qìhòu</foreignphrase> (with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  109. >hou</foreignphrase> in the neutral tone).</para>
  110. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dōngtiān hěn
  111. lěng.</foreignphrase>: “it's cold in winter” The adverb <foreignphrase
  112. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hěn</foreignphrase> is not translated here.
  113. Often <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hěn</foreignphrase> adds
  114. little or nothing to the intensity of the adjectival verb, and doesn't need
  115. to be translated by “very.” Later, you may notice that sometimes we
  116. translate the <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hěn</foreignphrase>
  117. literally and sometimes we choose to omit it from the translation. It is not
  118. a matter of right and wrong; it is more a matter of feeling, and may be, we
  119. admit, a somewhat arbitrary decision.</para>
  120. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chángcháng</foreignphrase>:
  121. “often, frequently, usually” An alternate form of this word is
  122. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  123. >cháng</foreignphrase>.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  124. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  125. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  126. <tbody>
  127. <row>
  128. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
  129. chángcháng qù Xiānggǎng.</foreignphrase></entry>
  130. </row>
  131. <row>
  132. <entry/>
  133. </row>
  134. <row>
  135. <entry>She often goes to Hong Kong.</entry>
  136. </row>
  137. <row>
  138. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā cháng
  139. kàn bàozhǐ.</foreignphrase></entry>
  140. </row>
  141. <row>
  142. <entry/>
  143. </row>
  144. <row>
  145. <entry>He often reads the newspaper.</entry>
  146. </row>
  147. </tbody>
  148. </tgroup>
  149. </informaltable></para>
  150. <para>The phrase “very often” is NOT formed by using <foreignphrase
  151. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hěn</foreignphrase> with <foreignphrase
  152. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cháng</foreignphrase>; instead, Just use
  153. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cháng</foreignphrase> or
  154. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chángcháng</foreignphrase>. If
  155. you must stress that something happens very often, use a phrase like “every
  156. few days.”</para>
  157. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià xuě</foreignphrase>: “to
  158. snow” or more literally ”(there) falls snow.” The subject <foreignphrase
  159. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xuě</foreignphrase> “snow” normally follows
  160. the verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià</foreignphrase> “to
  161. descend.” This reversal of subject and verb is the rule, not the exception,
  162. in weather expressions. **English is no more logical when it comes to
  163. weather expressions: it uses the meaningless subject “it,” as in “it snows.”**<footnote>
  164. <para>English is no more logical when it comes to weather expressions:
  165. it uses the meaningless “it,”as in “it snows.”</para>
  166. </footnote><informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  167. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  168. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  169. <tbody>
  170. <row>
  171. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Òu, xià xuě
  172. le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  173. </row>
  174. <row>
  175. <entry/>
  176. </row>
  177. <row>
  178. <entry>Oh, it's snowing.</entry>
  179. </row>
  180. <row>
  181. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xià xuě ma?
  182. Bu xià.</foreignphrase></entry>
  183. </row>
  184. <row>
  185. <entry/>
  186. </row>
  187. <row>
  188. <entry>Is it snowing? No.</entry>
  189. </row>
  190. <row>
  191. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yǒu méiyou
  192. xià xue? Méiyou.</foreignphrase></entry>
  193. </row>
  194. <row>
  195. <entry/>
  196. </row>
  197. <row>
  198. <entry>Is it snowing? No.</entry>
  199. </row>
  200. <row>
  201. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xià xuě le
  202. méiyou? Méiyou.</foreignphrase></entry>
  203. </row>
  204. <row>
  205. <entry/>
  206. </row>
  207. <row>
  208. <entry>Is it snowing? No.</entry>
  209. </row>
  210. <row>
  211. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīntiān xià
  212. xuě bu xià xuě?</foreignphrase></entry>
  213. </row>
  214. <row>
  215. <entry/>
  216. </row>
  217. <row>
  218. <entry>Is it going to snow today?</entry>
  219. </row>
  220. <row>
  221. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiànzài bù
  222. xià xuě le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  223. </row>
  224. <row>
  225. <entry/>
  226. </row>
  227. <row>
  228. <entry>It's not snowing anymore.</entry>
  229. </row>
  230. </tbody>
  231. </tgroup>
  232. </informaltable></para>
  233. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tiān</foreignphrase>: “heaven,
  234. sky, day.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  235. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  236. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  237. <tbody>
  238. <row>
  239. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Āiya, wǒde
  240. tiān na!</foreignphrase></entry>
  241. </row>
  242. <row>
  243. <entry/>
  244. </row>
  245. <row>
  246. <entry>Oh my heavens!</entry>
  247. </row>
  248. <row>
  249. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tiān
  250. zhǐdao!</foreignphrase></entry>
  251. </row>
  252. <row>
  253. <entry/>
  254. </row>
  255. <row>
  256. <entry>Heaven only knows!</entry>
  257. </row>
  258. </tbody>
  259. </tgroup>
  260. </informaltable></para>
  261. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qíng</foreignphrase>: “to be
  262. clear, to clear up” In the sentence<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  263. > Tiān qíng</foreignphrase> le, the marker le tells us that a change has
  264. taken place. The meaning is not simply that the sky is clear, but that the
  265. sky is clear NOW, or rather, the sky has cleared up.</para>
  266. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Juéde</foreignphrase> “to feel”
  267. Here <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juéde</foreignphrase> is used
  268. to mean “to feel, to think, to have an opinion about something.” It can also
  269. mean “to feel” in a physical way, as in “to feel sick.” <foreignphrase
  270. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ Juéde ... zěnmeyàng?</foreignphrase> can
  271. be well translated as “How do you like ... ?</para>
  272. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hěn shǎo</foreignphrase>: “It
  273. seldom snows in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  274. >Shànghǎi</foreignphrase> in the winter.” The adjectival verb
  275. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǎo</foreignphrase> “to be
  276. few” is used here as an adverb “seldom,” and as such comes before the verb.
  277. Notice that <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hěn
  278. shǎo</foreignphrase>, “seldom,” and <foreignphrase
  279. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chángcháng</foreignphrase>, “often,” are used
  280. as opposites.</para>
  281. <para>J<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">īntiān zhèrde tiānqi hěn
  282. liángkuai</foreignphrase>: “Today the weather here is very cool.” Again,
  283. it is not necessary to translate <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  284. >hěn</foreignphrase> as “very” in this sentence; the meaning depends on
  285. the speaker's intonation and emphasis.</para>
  286. <section>
  287. <title>First Dialogue for Part 1</title>
  288. <para>An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in <foreignphrase
  289. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>.</para>
  290. <para/>
  291. </section>
  292. <section>
  293. <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
  294. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juéde</foreignphrase>: “to
  295. feel” This may mean “to feel (physically)” or “to feel (emotionally), to
  296. think.” It is often used, as in the Reference List sentence, to preface
  297. a statement of opinion. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
  298. juéde ...</foreignphrase> may sometimes be translated as “l think
  299. that ...”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  300. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  301. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  302. <tbody>
  303. <row>
  304. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
  305. juéde tā kéyi zuò.</foreignphrase></entry>
  306. </row>
  307. <row>
  308. <entry/>
  309. </row>
  310. <row>
  311. <entry>I think he can do it.</entry>
  312. </row>
  313. </tbody>
  314. </tgroup>
  315. </informaltable></para>
  316. <para>And here are some examples using <foreignphrase
  317. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juéde</foreignphrase> to mean “feel
  318. (physically )”:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  319. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  320. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  321. <tbody>
  322. <row>
  323. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
  324. juéde hěn rè.</foreignphrase></entry>
  325. </row>
  326. <row>
  327. <entry/>
  328. </row>
  329. <row>
  330. <entry>I feel hot.</entry>
  331. </row>
  332. <row>
  333. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
  334. juéde bù shūfu.</foreignphrase></entry>
  335. </row>
  336. <row>
  337. <entry/>
  338. </row>
  339. <row>
  340. <entry>I don't feel well. (Literally, “I feel not
  341. well.”)</entry>
  342. </row>
  343. </tbody>
  344. </tgroup>
  345. </informaltable></para>
  346. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ juéde Běijīng
  347. zěnmeyang?</foreignphrase>: “How do you like <foreignphrase
  348. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>?” or “What do you
  349. think of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  350. >Běijīng</foreignphrase>?” More literally, “You feel <foreignphrase
  351. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase> is how?”</para>
  352. <para>t<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ài lěng le</foreignphrase>:
  353. “it's been too cold” The marker le is the marker for new situations. It
  354. is often used to reinforce the idea of “excessive.” Another example is
  355. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tài guì
  356. le!</foreignphrase> “it's too expensive!”</para>
  357. </section>
  358. <section>
  359. <title>Second Dialogue for Part 1</title>
  360. <para>An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei.</para>
  361. <para/>
  362. </section>
  363. </section>
  364. </section>
  365. <section>
  366. <title>Part 2</title>
  367. <section>
  368. <title>Reference List Part 2</title>
  369. <para/>
  370. </section>
  371. <section>
  372. <title>Reference Notes on Part 2</title>
  373. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā fēng</foreignphrase>:
  374. “(there) blows wind” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  375. >Guā</foreignphrase> literally means “to scrape,” but when used in
  376. connection with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  377. >fēng</foreignphrase>, “wind,” it means “to blow.” Like other weather
  378. expressions, such as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià
  379. xuě</foreignphrase> “to snow,” the subject <foreignphrase
  380. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēng</foreignphrase> usually follows the verb
  381. guā. To say “very windy,” you say that the wind is big, either
  382. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fēng hěn dà</foreignphrase> or
  383. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Guā dà
  384. fēng</foreignphrase>.</para>
  385. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Sānyuè</foreignphrase>: “by
  386. March” A time word before the verb may mean “by” a certain time as well as
  387. “at” a certain time.</para>
  388. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Sānyuè jiù kāishǐ nuǎnhuo
  389. le</foreignphrase>: “By March it is already starting to get warm.” When
  390. the time word before it is given extra stress, the adverb <foreignphrase
  391. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiù</foreignphrase> indicates that the event
  392. in question happens earlier than might be expected. The marker le after the
  393. state verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  394. >nuǎnhuo</foreignphrase>, “to be warm,” tells us that it is being used here
  395. as a process verb “to get warm.”</para>
  396. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒude shiéhou</foreignphrase>:
  397. “sometimes” This is also said as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  398. >yǒu shíyou</foreignphrase>.</para>
  399. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià yǔ</foreignphrase>: “to
  400. rain” Literally, “(there) falls rain.” Now you have seen three weather
  401. expressions where the subject normally follows the verb: <foreignphrase
  402. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià xuě</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase
  403. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā fēng</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
  404. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià yǔ</foreignphrase>.</para>
  405. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zhēn xiǎng
  406. Jiāzhōu</foreignphrase>: “I really miss California” The verb
  407. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎng</foreignphrase>,
  408. translated here as “to miss,” is the same verb as “to think” (“I really
  409. think of California [with nostalgia]”).</para>
  410. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàtiān bú shi hěn
  411. cháoshí</foreignphrase>: “it's not very humid in the summer.” The
  412. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shi</foreignphrase> is not
  413. obligatory in the sentence. It would also be correct to say <foreignphrase
  414. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bù hěn cháoshí</foreignphrase>.</para>
  415. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">táifěng</foreignphrase>:
  416. “typhoon” The Chinese word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  417. >táifēng</foreignphrase> was borrowed into the English language as
  418. “typhoon.”</para>
  419. </section>
  420. <section>
  421. <title>First Dialogue for Part 2</title>
  422. <para>An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Hong Kong:</para>
  423. <para/>
  424. </section>
  425. <section>
  426. <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
  427. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ líkāi zhème
  428. jiǔ</foreignphrase>: “it's been so long since you left” You have seen
  429. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǔ</foreignphrase>, which
  430. means “to be long in time,” in the phrase <foreignphrase
  431. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duō jiǔ</foreignphrase>, “how long (a
  432. time)”</para>
  433. </section>
  434. <section>
  435. <title>Second Dialogue for Part 2</title>
  436. <para>An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei:</para>
  437. <para/>
  438. </section>
  439. </section>
  440. <section>
  441. <title>Part 3</title>
  442. <section>
  443. <title>Reference List</title>
  444. <para/>
  445. </section>
  446. <section>
  447. <title>Reference Notes on Part 3</title>
  448. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chéngli</foreignphrase>: “in the
  449. city,” literally “inside the city wall.”</para>
  450. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāngxià</foreignphrase>:
  451. “country” Also pronounced <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  452. >xiāngxià</foreignphrase> (with neutral tone <foreignphrase
  453. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià</foreignphrase>).</para>
  454. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fùjìn</foreignphrase>:
  455. “vicinity” Also pronounced <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  456. >fǔjìn</foreignphrase>.</para>
  457. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huánjìng</foreignphrase>:
  458. “environment, surroundings,” In №24 the phrase <foreignphrase
  459. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǐ lǎojiā fùjìnde huānjìng</foreignphrase> is
  460. literally “the environment of the vicinity of your original home.”</para>
  461. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǐ lǎojiā nèige
  462. dìfang</foreignphrase>: “your hometown” <foreignphrase
  463. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Lǎojiā</foreignphrase> by itself only means
  464. “original home.”To get the meaning “hometown,” you must refer to the place
  465. (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèige dìfang</foreignphrase>)
  466. where your “original home” (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  467. >lǎojiā</foreignphrase>) is. Notice the different phrasing in the
  468. following sentences:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  469. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  470. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  471. <tbody>
  472. <row>
  473. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ lǎojiā
  474. nèige dìfang yǒu duōshǎo
  475. rénkǒu?</foreignphrase></entry>
  476. </row>
  477. <row>
  478. <entry/>
  479. </row>
  480. <row>
  481. <entry>What's the population of your hometown?</entry>
  482. </row>
  483. <row>
  484. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ lǎojiā
  485. nàr yǒu méiyou shān?</foreignphrase></entry>
  486. </row>
  487. <row>
  488. <entry/>
  489. </row>
  490. <row>
  491. <entry>Are there mountains where your original home
  492. is?</entry>
  493. </row>
  494. <row>
  495. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ lǎojiā
  496. zài xiāngxià ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
  497. </row>
  498. <row>
  499. <entry/>
  500. </row>
  501. <row>
  502. <entry>Is your original home in the country?</entry>
  503. </row>
  504. </tbody>
  505. </tgroup>
  506. </informaltable></para>
  507. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shān</foreignphrase>,
  508. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hū</foreignphrase>,
  509. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hé</foreignphrase>: “mountain,
  510. lake, river” These three words are used with the four points of the compass
  511. to make several province names.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
  512. colsep="1">
  513. <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
  514. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  515. <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
  516. <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
  517. <tbody>
  518. <row>
  519. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  520. >Shāndōng</foreignphrase></entry>
  521. <entry/>
  522. <entry>east of the (Tàiháng) mountains</entry>
  523. </row>
  524. <row>
  525. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  526. >Shānxǐ</foreignphrase></entry>
  527. <entry/>
  528. <entry>west of the (Tàiháng) mountains</entry>
  529. </row>
  530. <row>
  531. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  532. >Héběi</foreignphrase></entry>
  533. <entry/>
  534. <entry>north of the (Yellow) river</entry>
  535. </row>
  536. <row>
  537. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  538. >Hénán</foreignphrase></entry>
  539. <entry/>
  540. <entry>south of the (Yellow) river</entry>
  541. </row>
  542. <row>
  543. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  544. >Húběi</foreignphrase></entry>
  545. <entry/>
  546. <entry>north of the (Dòngtíng) lake</entry>
  547. </row>
  548. <row>
  549. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  550. >Húnán</foreignphrase></entry>
  551. <entry/>
  552. <entry>south of the (Dòngtíng) lake</entry>
  553. </row>
  554. </tbody>
  555. </tgroup>
  556. </informaltable></para>
  557. </section>
  558. <section>
  559. <title>First Dialogue for Part 3</title>
  560. <para>An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in <foreignphrase
  561. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>:</para>
  562. <para/>
  563. </section>
  564. <section>
  565. <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
  566. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèige xiǎo
  567. chéng</foreignphrase>: “that little town” You've learned that <foreignphrase
  568. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chéngli</foreignphrase> means “in the city.”
  569. One word for “city” by itself is <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  570. >chéng</foreignphrase> [another is <foreignphrase
  571. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chěngshì</foreignphrase>]. <informaltable
  572. frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  573. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  574. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  575. <tbody>
  576. <row>
  577. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ shuōde
  578. shi něige Huáshèngdùn? Shi zhōu háishi chéng?
  579. </foreignphrase></entry>
  580. </row>
  581. <row>
  582. <entry/>
  583. </row>
  584. <row>
  585. <entry>Which Washington are you talking about? The state or
  586. the city?</entry>
  587. </row>
  588. </tbody>
  589. </tgroup>
  590. </informaltable></para>
  591. </section>
  592. <section>
  593. <title>Second Dialogue for Part 3</title>
  594. <para>An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei:</para>
  595. <para/>
  596. </section>
  597. <section>
  598. <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
  599. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ líkāi nàli yǐjīng yǒu wǔnián
  600. le</foreignphrase>: “(Since) I left there it has been five years.” The
  601. marker le at the end of the sentence is new-situation le, and is necessary
  602. here. It shows that the duration stated (five years) is as of the present
  603. moment (“so far”). Another point to bear in mind is that Le is used at the
  604. end of most sentences containing <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  605. >yǐjīng</foreignphrase>.</para>
  606. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhānghuà</foreignphrase>,
  607. “Changsha,” is the name of a city and a county on the west coast of central
  608. Taiwan. T'ienchung (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  609. >Tiánzhōng</foreignphrase>) is a village in southeastern Changsha
  610. county.</para>
  611. </section>
  612. </section>
  613. </section>
  614. <section>
  615. <title>Vocabulary</title>
  616. <para>
  617. <informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
  618. <tgroup cols="3">
  619. <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  620. <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  621. <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
  622. <tbody>
  623. <row>
  624. <entry>
  625. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cháng</foreignphrase>
  626. </entry>
  627. <entry>
  628. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">常</foreignphrase>
  629. </entry>
  630. <entry>
  631. often
  632. </entry>
  633. </row>
  634. <row>
  635. <entry>
  636. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chángcháng</foreignphrase>
  637. </entry>
  638. <entry>
  639. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">常常</foreignphrase>
  640. </entry>
  641. <entry>
  642. often
  643. </entry>
  644. </row>
  645. <row>
  646. <entry>
  647. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cháoshǐ</foreignphrase>
  648. </entry>
  649. <entry>
  650. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">潮湿</foreignphrase>
  651. </entry>
  652. <entry>
  653. to be humid
  654. </entry>
  655. </row>
  656. <row>
  657. <entry>
  658. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chéng</foreignphrase>
  659. </entry>
  660. <entry>
  661. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">城</foreignphrase>
  662. </entry>
  663. <entry>
  664. city, town
  665. </entry>
  666. </row>
  667. <row>
  668. <entry>
  669. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chèngli</foreignphrase>
  670. </entry>
  671. <entry>
  672. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">城里</foreignphrase>
  673. </entry>
  674. <entry>
  675. in the city
  676. </entry>
  677. </row>
  678. <row>
  679. <entry>
  680. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chūntiān (chūntian)</foreignphrase>
  681. </entry>
  682. <entry>
  683. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">春天</foreignphrase>
  684. </entry>
  685. <entry>
  686. spring
  687. </entry>
  688. </row>
  689. <row>
  690. <entry>
  691. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dōngtiān (dōngtian)</foreignphrase>
  692. </entry>
  693. <entry>
  694. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">冬天</foreignphrase>
  695. </entry>
  696. <entry>
  697. winter
  698. </entry>
  699. </row>
  700. <row>
  701. <entry>
  702. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duǎn</foreignphrase>
  703. </entry>
  704. <entry>
  705. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">短</foreignphrase>
  706. </entry>
  707. <entry>
  708. to be short
  709. </entry>
  710. </row>
  711. <row>
  712. <entry>
  713. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēng</foreignphrase>
  714. </entry>
  715. <entry>
  716. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">风</foreignphrase>
  717. </entry>
  718. <entry>
  719. wind
  720. </entry>
  721. </row>
  722. <row>
  723. <entry>
  724. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fěngjǐng</foreignphrase>
  725. </entry>
  726. <entry>
  727. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">风景</foreignphrase>
  728. </entry>
  729. <entry>
  730. scenery
  731. </entry>
  732. </row>
  733. <row>
  734. <entry>
  735. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fùjìn (fùjìn)</foreignphrase>
  736. </entry>
  737. <entry>
  738. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">附近</foreignphrase>
  739. </entry>
  740. <entry>
  741. area, neighborhood
  742. </entry>
  743. </row>
  744. <row>
  745. <entry>
  746. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā</foreignphrase>
  747. </entry>
  748. <entry>
  749. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">刮</foreignphrase>
  750. </entry>
  751. <entry>
  752. to blow (of wind, typhoons, etc.)
  753. </entry>
  754. </row>
  755. <row>
  756. <entry>
  757. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hǎibiān(r)</foreignphrase>
  758. </entry>
  759. <entry>
  760. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">海边(儿)</foreignphrase>
  761. </entry>
  762. <entry>
  763. seashore
  764. </entry>
  765. </row>
  766. <row>
  767. <entry>
  768. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hé</foreignphrase>
  769. </entry>
  770. <entry>
  771. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">河</foreignphrase>
  772. </entry>
  773. <entry>
  774. river
  775. </entry>
  776. </row>
  777. <row>
  778. <entry>
  779. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hú</foreignphrase>
  780. </entry>
  781. <entry>
  782. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">湖</foreignphrase>
  783. </entry>
  784. <entry>
  785. lake
  786. </entry>
  787. </row>
  788. <row>
  789. <entry>
  790. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huánjìng</foreignphrase>
  791. </entry>
  792. <entry>
  793. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">环境</foreignphrase>
  794. </entry>
  795. <entry>
  796. environment
  797. </entry>
  798. </row>
  799. <row>
  800. <entry>
  801. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juéde</foreignphrase>
  802. </entry>
  803. <entry>
  804. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">觉得</foreignphrase>
  805. </entry>
  806. <entry>
  807. to feel
  808. </entry>
  809. </row>
  810. <row>
  811. <entry>
  812. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāishǐ</foreignphrase>
  813. </entry>
  814. <entry>
  815. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">开始</foreignphrase>
  816. </entry>
  817. <entry>
  818. to begin, to start
  819. </entry>
  820. </row>
  821. <row>
  822. <entry>
  823. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kōngqì (kōngqi)</foreignphrase>
  824. </entry>
  825. <entry>
  826. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">空气</foreignphrase>
  827. </entry>
  828. <entry>
  829. air
  830. </entry>
  831. </row>
  832. <row>
  833. <entry>
  834. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kōngqì wūrǎn</foreignphrase>
  835. </entry>
  836. <entry>
  837. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">空气污染</foreignphrase>
  838. </entry>
  839. <entry>
  840. air pollution
  841. </entry>
  842. </row>
  843. <row>
  844. <entry>
  845. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lěng</foreignphrase>
  846. </entry>
  847. <entry>
  848. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">冷</foreignphrase>
  849. </entry>
  850. <entry>
  851. to be cold
  852. </entry>
  853. </row>
  854. <row>
  855. <entry>
  856. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liángkuai</foreignphrase>
  857. </entry>
  858. <entry>
  859. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">凉快</foreignphrase>
  860. </entry>
  861. <entry>
  862. to be cool
  863. </entry>
  864. </row>
  865. <row>
  866. <entry>
  867. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">líkāi</foreignphrase>
  868. </entry>
  869. <entry>
  870. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">离开</foreignphrase>
  871. </entry>
  872. <entry>
  873. to leave
  874. </entry>
  875. </row>
  876. <row>
  877. <entry>
  878. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nuǎnhuo</foreignphrase>
  879. </entry>
  880. <entry>
  881. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">暖和</foreignphrase>
  882. </entry>
  883. <entry>
  884. to be warm
  885. </entry>
  886. </row>
  887. <row>
  888. <entry>
  889. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qìhòu (qìhou)</foreignphrase>
  890. </entry>
  891. <entry>
  892. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">气候</foreignphrase>
  893. </entry>
  894. <entry>
  895. climate
  896. </entry>
  897. </row>
  898. <row>
  899. <entry>
  900. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qíng</foreignphrase>
  901. </entry>
  902. <entry>
  903. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">清</foreignphrase>
  904. </entry>
  905. <entry>
  906. to be clear
  907. </entry>
  908. </row>
  909. <row>
  910. <entry>
  911. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qǐngjìng</foreignphrase>
  912. </entry>
  913. <entry>
  914. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">请静</foreignphrase>
  915. </entry>
  916. <entry>
  917. to be quiet
  918. </entry>
  919. </row>
  920. <row>
  921. <entry>
  922. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qiūtiān (qiūtian)</foreignphrase>
  923. </entry>
  924. <entry>
  925. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">秋天</foreignphrase>
  926. </entry>
  927. <entry>
  928. fall, autumn
  929. </entry>
  930. </row>
  931. <row>
  932. <entry>
  933. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rè</foreignphrase>
  934. </entry>
  935. <entry>
  936. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">热</foreignphrase>
  937. </entry>
  938. <entry>
  939. to be hot
  940. </entry>
  941. </row>
  942. <row>
  943. <entry>
  944. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rénkǒu</foreignphrase>
  945. </entry>
  946. <entry>
  947. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">人口</foreignphrase>
  948. </entry>
  949. <entry>
  950. population
  951. </entry>
  952. </row>
  953. <row>
  954. <entry>
  955. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sēnlín</foreignphrase>
  956. </entry>
  957. <entry>
  958. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">森林</foreignphrase>
  959. </entry>
  960. <entry>
  961. forest
  962. </entry>
  963. </row>
  964. <row>
  965. <entry>
  966. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shān</foreignphrase>
  967. </entry>
  968. <entry>
  969. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">山</foreignphrase>
  970. </entry>
  971. <entry>
  972. mountain
  973. </entry>
  974. </row>
  975. <row>
  976. <entry>
  977. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǎo</foreignphrase>
  978. </entry>
  979. <entry>
  980. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">少</foreignphrase>
  981. </entry>
  982. <entry>
  983. to be few; seldom
  984. </entry>
  985. </row>
  986. <row>
  987. <entry>
  988. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">táifēng</foreignphrase>
  989. </entry>
  990. <entry>
  991. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">台风</foreignphrase>
  992. </entry>
  993. <entry>
  994. typhoon
  995. </entry>
  996. </row>
  997. <row>
  998. <entry>
  999. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tiān</foreignphrase>
  1000. </entry>
  1001. <entry>
  1002. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">天</foreignphrase>
  1003. </entry>
  1004. <entry>
  1005. sky, heaven
  1006. </entry>
  1007. </row>
  1008. <row>
  1009. <entry>
  1010. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tiānqì (tiānqi)</foreignphrase>
  1011. </entry>
  1012. <entry>
  1013. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">天气</foreignphrase>
  1014. </entry>
  1015. <entry>
  1016. weather
  1017. </entry>
  1018. </row>
  1019. <row>
  1020. <entry>
  1021. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tīngshuō</foreignphrase>
  1022. </entry>
  1023. <entry>
  1024. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">听说</foreignphrase>
  1025. </entry>
  1026. <entry>
  1027. to hear that, to hear it said
  1028. </entry>
  1029. </row>
  1030. <row>
  1031. <entry>
  1032. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wūrǎn</foreignphrase>
  1033. </entry>
  1034. <entry>
  1035. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">污染</foreignphrase>
  1036. </entry>
  1037. <entry>
  1038. pollution
  1039. </entry>
  1040. </row>
  1041. <row>
  1042. <entry>
  1043. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎng</foreignphrase>
  1044. </entry>
  1045. <entry>
  1046. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">想</foreignphrase>
  1047. </entry>
  1048. <entry>
  1049. to miss, to think of
  1050. </entry>
  1051. </row>
  1052. <row>
  1053. <entry>
  1054. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāngxià (xiāngxià)</foreignphrase>
  1055. </entry>
  1056. <entry>
  1057. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">乡下</foreignphrase>
  1058. </entry>
  1059. <entry>
  1060. to he in the country, the countryside
  1061. </entry>
  1062. </row>
  1063. <row>
  1064. <entry>
  1065. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàtiān (xiàtiān)</foreignphrase>
  1066. </entry>
  1067. <entry>
  1068. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">夏天</foreignphrase>
  1069. </entry>
  1070. <entry>
  1071. summer
  1072. </entry>
  1073. </row>
  1074. <row>
  1075. <entry>
  1076. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià xuě</foreignphrase>
  1077. </entry>
  1078. <entry>
  1079. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">下雪</foreignphrase>
  1080. </entry>
  1081. <entry>
  1082. to snow
  1083. </entry>
  1084. </row>
  1085. <row>
  1086. <entry>
  1087. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià yǔ</foreignphrase>
  1088. </entry>
  1089. <entry>
  1090. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">下雨</foreignphrase>
  1091. </entry>
  1092. <entry>
  1093. to rain
  1094. </entry>
  1095. </row>
  1096. <row>
  1097. <entry>
  1098. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīnxiān (xīnxian)</foreignphrase>
  1099. </entry>
  1100. <entry>
  1101. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">新鲜</foreignphrase>
  1102. </entry>
  1103. <entry>
  1104. fresh
  1105. </entry>
  1106. </row>
  1107. <row>
  1108. <entry>
  1109. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu(de) shíhou</foreignphrase>
  1110. </entry>
  1111. <entry>
  1112. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">有的时候</foreignphrase>
  1113. </entry>
  1114. <entry>
  1115. sometimes
  1116. </entry>
  1117. </row>
  1118. <row>
  1119. <entry>
  1120. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuì</foreignphrase>
  1121. </entry>
  1122. <entry>
  1123. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">最</foreignphrase>
  1124. </entry>
  1125. <entry>
  1126. most, -est
  1127. </entry>
  1128. </row>
  1129. <row>
  1130. <entry>
  1131. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuǒyòu</foreignphrase>
  1132. </entry>
  1133. <entry>
  1134. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">左右</foreignphrase>
  1135. </entry>
  1136. <entry>
  1137. approximately, about
  1138. </entry>
  1139. </row>
  1140. </tbody>
  1141. </tgroup>
  1142. </informaltable></para>
  1143. </section>
  1144. </section>
  1145. <section>
  1146. <title>Unit 2: Clothing</title>
  1147. <section>
  1148. <title>Reference Notes</title>
  1149. <section>
  1150. <title>Part 1</title>
  1151. <section>
  1152. <title>Reference List</title>
  1153. <para/>
  1154. </section>
  1155. <section>
  1156. <title>References Notes on Part 1</title>
  1157. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuān</foreignphrase>: “to put
  1158. on, to don” (clothes, shoes) Notice that Chinese uses an action verb, “to
  1159. put on,” where English uses a state verb, “to wear.” You have to adjust your
  1160. thinking a bit in order to use this verb correctly. When you want to say
  1161. “She's NOT WEARING her coat,” you actually say “She DIDN'T PUT ON her coat,”
  1162. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā měi chuān
  1163. dàyī</foreignphrase>.</para>
  1164. <para>Here are some example sentences using <foreignphrase
  1165. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuān</foreignphrase> “to put
  1166. on.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  1167. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  1168. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  1169. <tbody>
  1170. <row>
  1171. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ chuānle
  1172. yìshuāng hóng xié.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1173. </row>
  1174. <row>
  1175. <entry/>
  1176. </row>
  1177. <row>
  1178. <entry>I'm wearing a pair of red shoes. (I've put on a pair
  1179. of red shoes.)</entry>
  1180. </row>
  1181. <row>
  1182. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ méi
  1183. chuān xié.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1184. </row>
  1185. <row>
  1186. <entry/>
  1187. </row>
  1188. <row>
  1189. <entry>I'm not wearing shoes. (I didn't put on shoes.
  1190. )</entry>
  1191. </row>
  1192. <row>
  1193. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Ní chuān
  1194. bái xié ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
  1195. </row>
  1196. <row>
  1197. <entry/>
  1198. </row>
  1199. <row>
  1200. <entry>Do you wear white shoes? (HABIT) OR Will you wear
  1201. white shoes? (INTENTION)</entry>
  1202. </row>
  1203. <row>
  1204. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ bù chuān
  1205. bái xié.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1206. </row>
  1207. <row>
  1208. <entry/>
  1209. </row>
  1210. <row>
  1211. <entry>I don't wear white shoes (HABIT) OR I won't wear
  1212. white shoes. (INTENTION)</entry>
  1213. </row>
  1214. </tbody>
  1215. </tgroup>
  1216. </informaltable></para>
  1217. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Chuān</foreignphrase> is not the
  1218. only verb meaning to put on in Chinese. There is another verb <foreignphrase
  1219. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase> which is used for wearing
  1220. or putting on hats, wristwatches, ornaments, jewelry, and gloves.</para>
  1221. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dài</foreignphrase> is taught in
  1222. Part II of this unit.</para>
  1223. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xūyào</foreignphrase>: “to need”
  1224. This word may be used as a main verb or as an auxiliary verb. In either
  1225. usage, it is always a state verb. It is, therefore, negated with
  1226. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1227. >bù</foreignphrase>.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  1228. <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
  1229. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  1230. <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
  1231. <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
  1232. <tbody>
  1233. <row>
  1234. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xūyào
  1235. qián.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1236. <entry/>
  1237. <entry>I need money.</entry>
  1238. </row>
  1239. <row>
  1240. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xūyào
  1241. shíjiān.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1242. <entry/>
  1243. <entry>I need time.</entry>
  1244. </row>
  1245. <row>
  1246. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xūyào
  1247. ta.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1248. <entry/>
  1249. <entry>I need her.</entry>
  1250. </row>
  1251. <row>
  1252. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xūyào
  1253. huàn qián.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1254. <entry/>
  1255. <entry>I need to change money.</entry>
  1256. </row>
  1257. <row>
  1258. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā xūyào
  1259. zhīdao.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1260. <entry/>
  1261. <entry>He needs to know.</entry>
  1262. </row>
  1263. </tbody>
  1264. </tgroup>
  1265. </informaltable></para>
  1266. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-jiàn</foreignphrase>: This is
  1267. the counter for articles of clothing, as well as for things (<foreignphrase
  1268. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dǒngxi</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase
  1269. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shìqing</foreignphrase>), and
  1270. suitcases.</para>
  1271. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàyī</foreignphrase>: “overcoat”
  1272. literally “big clothes”</para>
  1273. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiù</foreignphrase>: “to be old,
  1274. to be worn” This is the word to use when describing things, whether concrete
  1275. or abstract, but never people. [For people, use <foreignphrase
  1276. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lāo</foreignphrase>: <foreignphrase
  1277. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā lǎo le</foreignphrase>. “She's gotten
  1278. old.”]<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  1279. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  1280. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  1281. <tbody>
  1282. <row>
  1283. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nà shi wǒde
  1284. jiù dìzhǐ.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1285. </row>
  1286. <row>
  1287. <entry/>
  1288. </row>
  1289. <row>
  1290. <entry>That's my old address.</entry>
  1291. </row>
  1292. <row>
  1293. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā háishi
  1294. chuān jiù yīfu.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1295. </row>
  1296. <row>
  1297. <entry/>
  1298. </row>
  1299. <row>
  1300. <entry>She's still wearing old clothes.</entry>
  1301. </row>
  1302. </tbody>
  1303. </tgroup>
  1304. </informaltable></para>
  1305. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎi (yí)jiān
  1306. xīnde</foreignphrase>: The number yí- before a counter may be omitted
  1307. when it directly follows a verb.</para>
  1308. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yào</foreignphrase>: “to need”
  1309. In sentence №4, you see a new usage of <foreignphrase
  1310. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yào</foreignphrase> (<foreignphrase
  1311. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǐ yào mǎi hòu yidiǎnrde </foreignphrase>“you
  1312. need to buy a heavier one”). In addition to meaning “to want”,
  1313. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yào</foreignphrase> has many
  1314. uses as an auxiliary verb. The meaning “to need” is one of the more common
  1315. ones.</para>
  1316. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hòu</foreignphrase>: “to be
  1317. thick” In sentence No. 4 (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...nǐ
  1318. yào mǎi hòu yidiǎnrde...</foreignphrase>), <foreignphrase
  1319. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hòu</foreignphrase> is translated as
  1320. “heavier.” The basic meaning of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1321. >hòu</foreignphrase> is “to be thick.”<informaltable frame="none"
  1322. rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  1323. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  1324. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  1325. <tbody>
  1326. <row>
  1327. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèiběn shū
  1328. hěn hòu.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1329. </row>
  1330. <row>
  1331. <entry/>
  1332. </row>
  1333. <row>
  1334. <entry>This book is very thick.</entry>
  1335. </row>
  1336. <row>
  1337. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yèli xiàde
  1338. xuě hěn hòu.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1339. </row>
  1340. <row>
  1341. <entry/>
  1342. </row>
  1343. <row>
  1344. <entry>The snow that fell last night is very deep.</entry>
  1345. </row>
  1346. </tbody>
  1347. </tgroup>
  1348. </informaltable></para>
  1349. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Báo</foreignphrase> “to be thin,
  1350. to be flimsy (of cloth, paper, etc.),” is often the opposite of
  1351. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hòu</foreignphrase>.</para>
  1352. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tuōxié</foreignphrase>:
  1353. “slipper,” literally “drag-shoes.” In most households in Taiwan shoes are
  1354. not worn into the house, so plenty of pairs of slippers are kept at the
  1355. front door. This custom, established by Japanese influence, has the
  1356. practical value of keeping the floors dry, which would otherwise be
  1357. difficult given Taiwan's rainy climate. (in mainland China, shoes are worn
  1358. into the house.)</para>
  1359. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huài</foreignphrase>: This verb
  1360. has a different meaning depending on whether it is a state verb or a process
  1361. verb. As a state verb, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1362. >huài</foreignphrase> means “to be bad,” as a process verb, “to go bad,
  1363. to break.”</para>
  1364. <para>As a state verb:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  1365. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  1366. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  1367. <tbody>
  1368. <row>
  1369. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zuótiān
  1370. tiānqi zhēn huài, jīntiān hǎo
  1371. le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1372. </row>
  1373. <row>
  1374. <entry/>
  1375. </row>
  1376. <row>
  1377. <entry>Yesterday the weather was really bad, but today it's
  1378. gotten better.</entry>
  1379. </row>
  1380. <row>
  1381. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hē! Tāde
  1382. Zhōngguo huà zhēn bú huài,
  1383. a?</foreignphrase></entry>
  1384. </row>
  1385. <row>
  1386. <entry/>
  1387. </row>
  1388. <row>
  1389. <entry>Well! His Chinese is really not bad, huh?</entry>
  1390. </row>
  1391. </tbody>
  1392. </tgroup>
  1393. </informaltable></para>
  1394. <para>As a process verb:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  1395. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  1396. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  1397. <tbody>
  1398. <row>
  1399. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zhèizhǐ
  1400. bǐ huài le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1401. </row>
  1402. <row>
  1403. <entry/>
  1404. </row>
  1405. <row>
  1406. <entry>This pen of mine is broken.</entry>
  1407. </row>
  1408. <row>
  1409. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèixiē
  1410. júzi huài le, bú yào le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1411. </row>
  1412. <row>
  1413. <entry/>
  1414. </row>
  1415. <row>
  1416. <entry>These tangerines have gone bad; we don't want them
  1417. (throw them out).</entry>
  1418. </row>
  1419. </tbody>
  1420. </tgroup>
  1421. </informaltable></para>
  1422. </section>
  1423. <section>
  1424. <title>First Dialogue for Part 1</title>
  1425. <para>The couple in this dialogue have recently moved to Taipei from Kaohsiung
  1426. (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Gāoxióng</foreignphrase>) in
  1427. southern Taiwan. Here they are taking a walk in downtown Taipei.
  1428. (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎo Huá</foreignphrase> is
  1429. their daughter.)</para>
  1430. <para/>
  1431. </section>
  1432. <section>
  1433. <title>Second Dialogue for Part 1</title>
  1434. <para>An American of Chinese descent (M) has gone back to visit relatives in
  1435. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>. Here
  1436. he talks with his cousin (F).</para>
  1437. <para/>
  1438. </section>
  1439. </section>
  1440. <section>
  1441. <title>Part 2</title>
  1442. <para/>
  1443. <section>
  1444. <title>Reference List</title>
  1445. <para/>
  1446. </section>
  1447. <section>
  1448. <title>Reference Notes on part 2</title>
  1449. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèiyī</foreignphrase>,
  1450. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèikù</foreignphrase>:
  1451. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nèi</foreignphrase> means
  1452. “inner.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nèikù</foreignphrase>
  1453. means “underpants” (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1454. >kù</foreignphrase> as in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1455. >kùzi</foreignphrase>). <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1456. >Nèiyī</foreignphrase> means “underclothes” in general, but when
  1457. contrasted with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1458. >nèikù</foreignphrase> takes on the specific meaning “undershirt.” The
  1459. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yī</foreignphrase> means
  1460. “clothing, garment,” as in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1461. >yīfu</foreignphrase>.</para>
  1462. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiākè</foreignphrase>: “jacket,”
  1463. a word borrowed from English. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1464. >Jiākè</foreignphrase> refers only to Jackets cut above the waist; a
  1465. suit Jacket would be <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1466. >wàitào</foreignphrase> (see note below). Also pronounced <foreignphrase
  1467. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiákè</foreignphrase>. In <foreignphrase
  1468. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>, this word has an -r
  1469. ending.</para>
  1470. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nílóng</foreignphrase>: “nylon,”
  1471. another borrowing from English.</para>
  1472. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase>: “to put on,
  1473. to don” a hat, wristwatch, gloves, glasses, jewelry or other things which
  1474. are not necessary to one's apparel. As with the verb <foreignphrase
  1475. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuān</foreignphrase> which you learned in
  1476. Part I, when you use <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1477. >dài</foreignphrase> you have to adjust your thinking from the idea of
  1478. “to wear” to the idea of “put on.” For “Do you wear glasses?” you would say
  1479. “Do you put on glasses?”: <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nī dài
  1480. bu dài yǎnjìng?</foreignphrase> For “She's not wearing glasses” you
  1481. would say “She didn't put on glasses”: <foreignphrase
  1482. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā méi dài yǎnjìng.</foreignphrase>
  1483. Contrast:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  1484. <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
  1485. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  1486. <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
  1487. <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
  1488. <tbody>
  1489. <row>
  1490. <entry morerows="2"><foreignphrase
  1491. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā bú dài
  1492. màozi.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1493. <entry morerows="2"/>
  1494. <entry>She doesn't wear hats.</entry>
  1495. </row>
  1496. <row>
  1497. <entry>OR</entry>
  1498. </row>
  1499. <row>
  1500. <entry>She won't wear a hat. (HABIT) (INTENTION)</entry>
  1501. </row>
  1502. </tbody>
  1503. </tgroup>
  1504. </informaltable><informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  1505. <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
  1506. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  1507. <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
  1508. <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
  1509. <tbody>
  1510. <row>
  1511. <entry morerows="4"><foreignphrase
  1512. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā méi dài
  1513. màozi.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1514. <entry morerows="4"/>
  1515. <entry>She didn't put on a hat.</entry>
  1516. </row>
  1517. <row>
  1518. <entry>OR</entry>
  1519. </row>
  1520. <row>
  1521. <entry>She didn't wear a hat.</entry>
  1522. </row>
  1523. <row>
  1524. <entry>OR</entry>
  1525. </row>
  1526. <row>
  1527. <entry>She doesn't have a hat on.</entry>
  1528. </row>
  1529. </tbody>
  1530. </tgroup>
  1531. </informaltable></para>
  1532. <para>(The translations given only cover some of the possible ones. Other aspect
  1533. markers which you have not learned yet, such as the marker for action in
  1534. progress [<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài</foreignphrase>],
  1535. the marker for duration [<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1536. >-zhe</foreignphrase>], the marker for lack of change [<foreignphrase
  1537. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ne</foreignphrase>], etc., can be used to
  1538. make more precise the meaning of a sentence.)</para>
  1539. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-dǐng</foreignphrase>: The
  1540. counter for <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">màozi</foreignphrase>,
  1541. “hat.” Literally, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1542. >-dǐng</foreignphrase> means “top.”</para>
  1543. <para>*<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǎnjìng</foreignphrase>:
  1544. “glasses” (counter: <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1545. >-fù</foreignphrase>)</para>
  1546. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pò</foreignphrase>: “to be
  1547. broken/damaged/torn/worn out” In <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1548. >pò màozi</foreignphrase>, “old/ worn/ tattered hat,” <foreignphrase
  1549. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pò</foreignphrase> stands before a noun to
  1550. modify it. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Pò</foreignphrase> is
  1551. also frequently used as a process verb, “to break, to become
  1552. damaged/torn/worn out.”</para>
  1553. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ kànkan, nǐde jiākè shì bu shi
  1554. pò le?</foreignphrase> Let me have a look, has your jacket been
  1555. torn/worn through?</para>
  1556. <para>In Part I you learned <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1557. >huài</foreignphrase>, “to go bad, to break.” <foreignphrase
  1558. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Huài</foreignphrase> means that something
  1559. becomes unusable or stops working, while <foreignphrase
  1560. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pò</foreignphrase> means that something
  1561. develops a tear, cut, split, hole, break, etc. <foreignphrase
  1562. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jiù</foreignphrase> in Part I had for one
  1563. possible translation “to be worn,” but <foreignphrase
  1564. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiù</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
  1565. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pō</foreignphrase> are quite different:
  1566. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiù</foreignphrase> le means
  1567. to have changed color or shape after a long period of time or use, whereas
  1568. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pò</foreignphrase> le means
  1569. that the thing is no longer intact, whether the damage is caused by time,
  1570. use, or accident.</para>
  1571. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gòu</foreignphrase>: “to be
  1572. enough” This adjectival verb is only used as the main verb of a sentence,
  1573. never (like English “enough”) before a noun. You must therefore recast
  1574. English sentences with “enough” into the Chinese pattern when you translate,
  1575. e.g.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  1576. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  1577. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  1578. <tbody>
  1579. <row>
  1580. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ kànkan,
  1581. nǐde jiākè shì bu shi pò le?</foreignphrase></entry>
  1582. </row>
  1583. <row>
  1584. <entry/>
  1585. </row>
  1586. <row>
  1587. <entry>Let me have a look, has your jacket been torn/worn
  1588. through?</entry>
  1589. </row>
  1590. </tbody>
  1591. </tgroup>
  1592. </informaltable></para>
  1593. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gòu</foreignphrase>: “to be
  1594. enough” This adjectival verb is only used as the main verb of a sentence,
  1595. never (like English “enough”) before a noun. You must therefore recast
  1596. English sentences with “enough” into the Chinese pattern when you translate,
  1597. e.g.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  1598. <tgroup cols="2" align="center">
  1599. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  1600. <colspec colname="newCol2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
  1601. <tbody>
  1602. <row>
  1603. <entry>Do you have enough socks?</entry>
  1604. <entry>Are your socks enough?</entry>
  1605. </row>
  1606. <row>
  1607. <entry namest="c1" nameend="newCol2"><foreignphrase
  1608. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐde wàzi gòu bu
  1609. gòu?</foreignphrase></entry>
  1610. </row>
  1611. <row>
  1612. <entry namest="c1" nameend="newCol2"/>
  1613. </row>
  1614. <row>
  1615. <entry>I don't have enough shirts</entry>
  1616. <entry>My shirts aren't enough.</entry>
  1617. </row>
  1618. <row>
  1619. <entry namest="c1" nameend="newCol2"><foreignphrase
  1620. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde chènshān bú
  1621. gòu.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1622. </row>
  1623. <row>
  1624. <entry namest="c1" nameend="newCol2"/>
  1625. </row>
  1626. <row>
  1627. <entry>There aren't enough rice bowls.</entry>
  1628. <entry>The rice bowls aren't enough.</entry>
  1629. </row>
  1630. <row>
  1631. <entry namest="c1" nameend="newCol2"><foreignphrase
  1632. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fànwǎn bú
  1633. gòu.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1634. </row>
  1635. <row>
  1636. <entry namest="c1" nameend="newCol2"/>
  1637. </row>
  1638. </tbody>
  1639. </tgroup>
  1640. </informaltable></para>
  1641. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàitào</foreignphrase>: This
  1642. word has two meanings: </para>
  1643. <orderedlist>
  1644. <listitem>
  1645. <para>coat, overcoat,” and</para>
  1646. </listitem>
  1647. <listitem>
  1648. <para>a “jacket” which extends below the waist, like a suit jacket. (A
  1649. jacket cut above the waist is <foreignphrase
  1650. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiākè</foreignphrase>.)</para>
  1651. </listitem>
  1652. </orderedlist>
  1653. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zìjǐ</foreignphrase>: “oneself;
  1654. myself, yourself, himself, etc.” This is a special pronoun. It can be used
  1655. by itself, or it can follow another pronoun like <foreignphrase
  1656. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǐ</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase
  1657. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wǒ</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase
  1658. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tā</foreignphrase>, etc. Here are some
  1659. examples. (For the first, you need to know <foreignphrase
  1660. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhǒng</foreignphrase>, “kind,” and for the
  1661. last, you need to know <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1662. >zuò</foreignphrase>, “to make.”)<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
  1663. colsep="1">
  1664. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  1665. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  1666. <tbody>
  1667. <row>
  1668. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Mǎi yīfu,
  1669. zuì hǎo mǎi zìjī xǐhuande
  1670. nèizhǒng.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1671. </row>
  1672. <row>
  1673. <entry/>
  1674. </row>
  1675. <row>
  1676. <entry>When buying clothes, it is best to buy the kind one
  1677. likes oneself.</entry>
  1678. </row>
  1679. <row>
  1680. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nà shi wǒ
  1681. zìjīde shì.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1682. </row>
  1683. <row>
  1684. <entry/>
  1685. </row>
  1686. <row>
  1687. <entry>That's my own business.</entry>
  1688. </row>
  1689. <row>
  1690. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèi shi tā
  1691. zìjī zuòde, bú shi mǎide.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1692. </row>
  1693. <row>
  1694. <entry/>
  1695. </row>
  1696. <row>
  1697. <entry>She made this herself, it isn't
  1698. (store-)bought.</entry>
  1699. </row>
  1700. </tbody>
  1701. </tgroup>
  1702. </informaltable></para>
  1703. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">píxié</foreignphrase>:
  1704. Western-style “leather shoes,” a word commonly used where we would just say
  1705. “shoes,” since traditional Chinese shoes (<foreignphrase
  1706. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bùxié</foreignphrase>) are made of
  1707. cloth.</para>
  1708. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuìyī</foreignphrase>:
  1709. “pajamas,” literally, “sleep-garment” This word can use two different
  1710. counters, depending on the type of pajamas referred to. </para>
  1711. <para>1) For two-piece pajamas, that is, a shirt and pants, the counter is
  1712. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-tào</foreignphrase>, “set.”
  1713. (Although we say “a pair of pajamas” in English, you cannot use the counter
  1714. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-shuāng</foreignphrase> in
  1715. Chinese. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-Shuāng</foreignphrase>
  1716. is only for things that match, like shoes.) </para>
  1717. <para>2) Old-style one-piece pajamas take the counter<foreignphrase
  1718. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> -jiàn</foreignphrase>.</para>
  1719. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūbāo</foreignphrase>: “tote
  1720. bag, carryall,” literally, “book-sack.” Although still used with the
  1721. original meaning of a student's “book-bag,” <foreignphrase
  1722. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūbāo</foreignphrase> has now come to have a
  1723. more general meaning, since book-bags are often used to carry things other
  1724. than books. There are other words for “tote bag,” but <foreignphrase
  1725. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūbāo</foreignphrase> is so useful that you
  1726. should learn it first. 3</para>
  1727. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàng</foreignphrase>: “to
  1728. forget; to forget to; to forget that”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
  1729. colsep="1">
  1730. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  1731. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  1732. <tbody>
  1733. <row>
  1734. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ wàng le
  1735. ba?</foreignphrase></entry>
  1736. </row>
  1737. <row>
  1738. <entry/>
  1739. </row>
  1740. <row>
  1741. <entry>You've forgotten, haven't you?</entry>
  1742. </row>
  1743. <row>
  1744. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ méi
  1745. wàng.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1746. </row>
  1747. <row>
  1748. <entry/>
  1749. </row>
  1750. <row>
  1751. <entry>No, I haven't forgotten.</entry>
  1752. </row>
  1753. <row>
  1754. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wo wàng(le)
  1755. qù le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1756. </row>
  1757. <row>
  1758. <entry/>
  1759. </row>
  1760. <row>
  1761. <entry>I forgot to go.</entry>
  1762. </row>
  1763. <row>
  1764. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ wàng(le)
  1765. dài màozi le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1766. </row>
  1767. <row>
  1768. <entry/>
  1769. </row>
  1770. <row>
  1771. <entry>I forgot to put on my hat.</entry>
  1772. </row>
  1773. <row>
  1774. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ wàngle
  1775. tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lái.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1776. </row>
  1777. <row>
  1778. <entry/>
  1779. </row>
  1780. <row>
  1781. <entry>I forgot what time he is coming.</entry>
  1782. </row>
  1783. <row>
  1784. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ wàngle
  1785. tā jiào shénme míngzi.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1786. </row>
  1787. <row>
  1788. <entry/>
  1789. </row>
  1790. <row>
  1791. <entry>I forgot what his name is.</entry>
  1792. </row>
  1793. <row>
  1794. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ wàngle
  1795. wǒ jīntiān méi kè.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1796. </row>
  1797. <row>
  1798. <entry/>
  1799. </row>
  1800. <row>
  1801. <entry>I forgot that I don't have any classes today.</entry>
  1802. </row>
  1803. </tbody>
  1804. </tgroup>
  1805. </informaltable></para>
  1806. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">máoyí</foreignphrase>:
  1807. “sweater,” literally, “woolen-garment.”</para>
  1808. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nà</foreignphrase>, “in that
  1809. case, then,” is always used at the very beginning of a sentence, for
  1810. example:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  1811. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  1812. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  1813. <tbody>
  1814. <row>
  1815. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nà, wǒmen
  1816. shénme shíhou qù?</foreignphrase></entry>
  1817. </row>
  1818. <row>
  1819. <entry/>
  1820. </row>
  1821. <row>
  1822. <entry>Then, when shall we go?</entry>
  1823. </row>
  1824. </tbody>
  1825. </tgroup>
  1826. </informaltable></para>
  1827. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nà nǐ děi qù mǎi xīnde
  1828. le</foreignphrase>: The le here is optional. It stresses that having to
  1829. go buy a new sweater is a new situation.</para>
  1830. </section>
  1831. <section>
  1832. <title>First Dialogue for Part 2</title>
  1833. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tiānjīn</foreignphrase>. In the
  1834. home of two senior cadres, a husband (M) and wife (F) discuss shopping
  1835. plans. (They live together with the wife's older sister.)</para>
  1836. <para/>
  1837. </section>
  1838. <section>
  1839. <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
  1840. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wǒde shūbāo ne?</foreignphrase>:
  1841. Questions with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ne</foreignphrase>
  1842. frequently ask for the whereabouts of something or someone; thus the
  1843. sentence may be translated, “Where is my tote bag?”</para>
  1844. </section>
  1845. <section>
  1846. <title>Second Dialogue for Part 2</title>
  1847. <para>Taipei. Conversation between a husband and wife. (<foreignphrase
  1848. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎo Míng</foreignphrase> is their
  1849. son.)</para>
  1850. <para/>
  1851. </section>
  1852. </section>
  1853. <section>
  1854. <title>Part 3</title>
  1855. <section>
  1856. <title>Reference List</title>
  1857. </section>
  1858. <section>
  1859. <title>Reference Notes on Part 3</title>
  1860. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò</foreignphrase>: “to make,”
  1861. but in the Reference List sentence it is used for “to have made.”
  1862. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zuò yīfu</foreignphrase> has
  1863. two possible meanings: “to make clothes” or “to have clothes made.” The
  1864. context will usually make clear which is meant.<informaltable frame="none"
  1865. rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  1866. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  1867. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  1868. <tbody>
  1869. <row>
  1870. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài Táiwān
  1871. zuò yīfu bù piányi le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1872. </row>
  1873. <row>
  1874. <entry/>
  1875. </row>
  1876. <row>
  1877. <entry>Having clothes made isn't cheap in Taiwan any
  1878. more.</entry>
  1879. </row>
  1880. </tbody>
  1881. </tgroup>
  1882. </informaltable></para>
  1883. <para/>
  1884. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shénmeyàng</foreignphrase>:
  1885. “what kind, like what”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  1886. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  1887. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  1888. <tbody>
  1889. <row>
  1890. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐde dìtǎn
  1891. shénmeyàngr?</foreignphrase></entry>
  1892. </row>
  1893. <row>
  1894. <entry/>
  1895. </row>
  1896. <row>
  1897. <entry>What is your carpet like?</entry>
  1898. </row>
  1899. <row>
  1900. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Láide rén
  1901. shénmeyàngr?</foreignphrase></entry>
  1902. </row>
  1903. <row>
  1904. <entry/>
  1905. </row>
  1906. <row>
  1907. <entry>What did the person who came look like?</entry>
  1908. </row>
  1909. <row>
  1910. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ yàode
  1911. dìtān shi shénmeyàngde?</foreignphrase></entry>
  1912. </row>
  1913. <row>
  1914. <entry/>
  1915. </row>
  1916. <row>
  1917. <entry>What kind of carpet is it that you want?</entry>
  1918. </row>
  1919. <row>
  1920. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐde
  1921. péngyou shi shénmeyàngde
  1922. rén?</foreignphrase></entry>
  1923. </row>
  1924. <row>
  1925. <entry/>
  1926. </row>
  1927. <row>
  1928. <entry>What kind of person is your friend?</entry>
  1929. </row>
  1930. </tbody>
  1931. </tgroup>
  1932. </informaltable></para>
  1933. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qípáo</foreignphrase>: A
  1934. close-fitting woman's dress with high Chinese collar and slit side, now
  1935. called in English a “cheongsam,” from the Guangdong dialect name. Qí refers
  1936. to the Manchurian nationality; <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  1937. >páo</foreignphrase> means a Chinese-style long gown. Thus the name
  1938. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qípáo</foreignphrase> comes
  1939. from the fact that the ancestor of the modern cheongsam was originally worn
  1940. by Manchurian women.</para>
  1941. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liàozi</foreignphrase>: “cloth,
  1942. fabric, material”</para>
  1943. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ shuō...</foreignphrase> :
  1944. Literally, “You say...,” but often used as in this question to mean, “In
  1945. your opinion” or “Do you think...”</para>
  1946. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhǒng</foreignphrase>: “kind,
  1947. sort”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  1948. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  1949. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  1950. <tbody>
  1951. <row>
  1952. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐde lǚxíng
  1953. zhípiào shi nǎ yizhǒngde?</foreignphrase></entry>
  1954. </row>
  1955. <row>
  1956. <entry/>
  1957. </row>
  1958. <row>
  1959. <entry>What kind are your traveler's checks?</entry>
  1960. </row>
  1961. <row>
  1962. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ qù
  1963. nèizhǒng dìfang zuò shénme?</foreignphrase></entry>
  1964. </row>
  1965. <row>
  1966. <entry/>
  1967. </row>
  1968. <row>
  1969. <entry>What did you go to that kind of place to do?</entry>
  1970. </row>
  1971. <row>
  1972. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèizhǒng
  1973. júzi hěn guì.</foreignphrase></entry>
  1974. </row>
  1975. <row>
  1976. <entry/>
  1977. </row>
  1978. <row>
  1979. <entry>This kind of tangerine is very expensive.</entry>
  1980. </row>
  1981. </tbody>
  1982. </tgroup>
  1983. </informaltable></para>
  1984. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yàngzi</foreignphrase>: <orderedlist>
  1985. <listitem>
  1986. <para>“appearance,” </para>
  1987. </listitem>
  1988. <listitem>
  1989. <para>“shape, form,” </para>
  1990. </listitem>
  1991. <listitem>
  1992. <para>“style, design.”</para>
  1993. </listitem>
  1994. </orderedlist><informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  1995. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  1996. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  1997. <tbody>
  1998. <row>
  1999. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāde yàngzi
  2000. hěn hāo kàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
  2001. </row>
  2002. <row>
  2003. <entry/>
  2004. </row>
  2005. <row>
  2006. <entry>Her appearance is very attractive.</entry>
  2007. </row>
  2008. <row>
  2009. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kàn tā nèi
  2010. yàngzi!</foreignphrase></entry>
  2011. </row>
  2012. <row>
  2013. <entry/>
  2014. </row>
  2015. <row>
  2016. <entry>Look at his appearance! (i.e., “Get a load of
  2017. him.”)</entry>
  2018. </row>
  2019. <row>
  2020. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ shuōde
  2021. nèige dōngxi shi shénme
  2022. yàngzide?</foreignphrase></entry>
  2023. </row>
  2024. <row>
  2025. <entry/>
  2026. </row>
  2027. <row>
  2028. <entry>What does the thing you are talking about look
  2029. like?</entry>
  2030. </row>
  2031. <row>
  2032. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāde
  2033. qípāode yàngzi hěn bú cuò.</foreignphrase></entry>
  2034. </row>
  2035. <row>
  2036. <entry/>
  2037. </row>
  2038. <row>
  2039. <entry>The style of her cheongsam is quite nice.</entry>
  2040. </row>
  2041. <row>
  2042. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐde xīn
  2043. yīfu shi shénme yàngzide?</foreignphrase></entry>
  2044. </row>
  2045. <row>
  2046. <entry/>
  2047. </row>
  2048. <row>
  2049. <entry>What's the style of your new dress?</entry>
  2050. </row>
  2051. </tbody>
  2052. </tgroup>
  2053. </informaltable></para>
  2054. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēnshang</foreignphrase>: “on
  2055. one's body, on one's person”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
  2056. colsep="1">
  2057. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  2058. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  2059. <tbody>
  2060. <row>
  2061. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
  2062. shēnshang yǒu yíjiàn lán
  2063. dàyī.</foreignphrase></entry>
  2064. </row>
  2065. <row>
  2066. <entry/>
  2067. </row>
  2068. <row>
  2069. <entry>He has a blue overcoat on.</entry>
  2070. </row>
  2071. <row>
  2072. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
  2073. shēnshang méiyou qián.</foreignphrase></entry>
  2074. </row>
  2075. <row>
  2076. <entry/>
  2077. </row>
  2078. <row>
  2079. <entry>I don't have any money on me.</entry>
  2080. </row>
  2081. <row>
  2082. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde qián
  2083. xiànzài dōu zài tā
  2084. shēnshang.</foreignphrase></entry>
  2085. </row>
  2086. <row>
  2087. <entry/>
  2088. </row>
  2089. <row>
  2090. <entry>He has all my money with him right now.</entry>
  2091. </row>
  2092. </tbody>
  2093. </tgroup>
  2094. </informaltable></para>
  2095. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kě bu kéyi</foreignphrase>:
  2096. another way to say <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kéyi bu
  2097. kéyi</foreignphrase>.</para>
  2098. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhào</foreignphrase>: “according
  2099. to”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  2100. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  2101. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  2102. <tbody>
  2103. <row>
  2104. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jiù zhào
  2105. zhèige niàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
  2106. </row>
  2107. <row>
  2108. <entry/>
  2109. </row>
  2110. <row>
  2111. <entry>Just read it the way it is here (according to
  2112. this).</entry>
  2113. </row>
  2114. <row>
  2115. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jiù zhào
  2116. zhèige páijià huàn ba!</foreignphrase></entry>
  2117. </row>
  2118. <row>
  2119. <entry/>
  2120. </row>
  2121. <row>
  2122. <entry>Just exchange it according to this exchange
  2123. rate.</entry>
  2124. </row>
  2125. <row>
  2126. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ jiù zhào
  2127. nǐde yìsi xiě, hǎo bu hǎo?</foreignphrase></entry>
  2128. </row>
  2129. <row>
  2130. <entry/>
  2131. </row>
  2132. <row>
  2133. <entry>I'll just write it the way you want it written, all
  2134. right?</entry>
  2135. </row>
  2136. </tbody>
  2137. </tgroup>
  2138. </informaltable></para>
  2139. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liáng</foreignphrase>: “to
  2140. measure”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  2141. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  2142. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  2143. <tbody>
  2144. <row>
  2145. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ gěi wǒ
  2146. liángliang zhèikuài liàozi gòu bu
  2147. gòu.</foreignphrase></entry>
  2148. </row>
  2149. <row>
  2150. <entry/>
  2151. </row>
  2152. <row>
  2153. <entry>Measure this piece of cloth for me to see if there's
  2154. enough.</entry>
  2155. </row>
  2156. </tbody>
  2157. </tgroup>
  2158. </informaltable></para>
  2159. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǐcùn</foreignphrase>:
  2160. “measurements,” literally, “feet-inches.” Also pronounced <foreignphrase
  2161. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǐcun</foreignphrase> (with <foreignphrase
  2162. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cun</foreignphrase> in the neutral
  2163. tone).</para>
  2164. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mián'ǎo</foreignphrase>:
  2165. “Chinese-style cotton-padded Jacket”</para>
  2166. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">héshì</foreignphrase>: “to fit;
  2167. to be suitable, to be appropriate”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
  2168. colsep="1">
  2169. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  2170. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  2171. <tbody>
  2172. <row>
  2173. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèijiàn
  2174. yīfu hěn héshì, bú dà yě bù
  2175. xiǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
  2176. </row>
  2177. <row>
  2178. <entry/>
  2179. </row>
  2180. <row>
  2181. <entry>This garment fits well, it's neither too large nor
  2182. too small.</entry>
  2183. </row>
  2184. <row>
  2185. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ chuān
  2186. zhèige yánsè bú tài héshì, huàn (yi)jiàn biéde
  2187. ba.</foreignphrase></entry>
  2188. </row>
  2189. <row>
  2190. <entry/>
  2191. </row>
  2192. <row>
  2193. <entry>That color doesn't look right on you, try a different
  2194. one.</entry>
  2195. </row>
  2196. </tbody>
  2197. </tgroup>
  2198. </informaltable></para>
  2199. </section>
  2200. <section>
  2201. <title>First Dialogue for Part 3</title>
  2202. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijǐng</foreignphrase>. A man
  2203. (A) goes to a tailor shop to have some clothes made. (B) is the
  2204. tailor.</para>
  2205. </section>
  2206. <section>
  2207. <title>Second Dialogue for Part 3</title>
  2208. <para>Taipei. A woman goes to a tailor shop to have some clothes made.</para>
  2209. </section>
  2210. </section>
  2211. </section>
  2212. <section>
  2213. <title>Vocabulary</title>
  2214. <para>
  2215. <informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
  2216. <tgroup cols="3">
  2217. <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  2218. <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  2219. <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
  2220. <tbody>
  2221. <row>
  2222. <entry>
  2223. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">báo</foreignphrase>
  2224. </entry>
  2225. <entry>
  2226. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">薄</foreignphrase>
  2227. </entry>
  2228. <entry>
  2229. to be thin; to be light (of clothing)
  2230. </entry>
  2231. </row>
  2232. <row>
  2233. <entry>
  2234. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cháng</foreignphrase>
  2235. </entry>
  2236. <entry>
  2237. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">长</foreignphrase>
  2238. </entry>
  2239. <entry>
  2240. to be long
  2241. </entry>
  2242. </row>
  2243. <row>
  2244. <entry>
  2245. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chènshān</foreignphrase>
  2246. </entry>
  2247. <entry>
  2248. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">衬衫</foreignphrase>
  2249. </entry>
  2250. <entry>
  2251. shirt, blouse
  2252. </entry>
  2253. </row>
  2254. <row>
  2255. <entry>
  2256. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǐcun (chǐcùn)</foreignphrase>
  2257. </entry>
  2258. <entry>
  2259. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">尺寸</foreignphrase>
  2260. </entry>
  2261. <entry>
  2262. measurement; size
  2263. </entry>
  2264. </row>
  2265. <row>
  2266. <entry>
  2267. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuān</foreignphrase>
  2268. </entry>
  2269. <entry>
  2270. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">穿</foreignphrase>
  2271. </entry>
  2272. <entry>
  2273. to put on, to wear
  2274. </entry>
  2275. </row>
  2276. <row>
  2277. <entry>
  2278. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase>
  2279. </entry>
  2280. <entry>
  2281. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">戴</foreignphrase>
  2282. </entry>
  2283. <entry>
  2284. to put on, to wear (glasses, gloves, a hat, a watch, jewelry, etc.)
  2285. </entry>
  2286. </row>
  2287. <row>
  2288. <entry>
  2289. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàyī</foreignphrase>
  2290. </entry>
  2291. <entry>
  2292. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大衣</foreignphrase>
  2293. </entry>
  2294. <entry>
  2295. overcoat
  2296. </entry>
  2297. </row>
  2298. <row>
  2299. <entry>
  2300. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-dǐng</foreignphrase>
  2301. </entry>
  2302. <entry>
  2303. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani"></foreignphrase>
  2304. </entry>
  2305. <entry>
  2306. (counter for hats)
  2307. </entry>
  2308. </row>
  2309. <row>
  2310. <entry>
  2311. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fúzhuāngdiàn</foreignphrase>
  2312. </entry>
  2313. <entry>
  2314. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">服装店</foreignphrase>
  2315. </entry>
  2316. <entry>
  2317. clothing store
  2318. </entry>
  2319. </row>
  2320. <row>
  2321. <entry>
  2322. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gànbufú</foreignphrase>
  2323. </entry>
  2324. <entry>
  2325. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">干部服</foreignphrase>
  2326. </entry>
  2327. <entry>
  2328. cadre suit
  2329. </entry>
  2330. </row>
  2331. <row>
  2332. <entry>
  2333. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gòu</foreignphrase>
  2334. </entry>
  2335. <entry>
  2336. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">够</foreignphrase>
  2337. </entry>
  2338. <entry>
  2339. to be enough
  2340. </entry>
  2341. </row>
  2342. <row>
  2343. <entry>
  2344. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hàn</foreignphrase>
  2345. </entry>
  2346. <entry>
  2347. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">和</foreignphrase>
  2348. </entry>
  2349. <entry>
  2350. and (Taiwan pronunciation)
  2351. </entry>
  2352. </row>
  2353. <row>
  2354. <entry>
  2355. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hé</foreignphrase>
  2356. </entry>
  2357. <entry>
  2358. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">和</foreignphrase>
  2359. </entry>
  2360. <entry>
  2361. and
  2362. </entry>
  2363. </row>
  2364. <row>
  2365. <entry>
  2366. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">héshì</foreignphrase>
  2367. </entry>
  2368. <entry>
  2369. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">合适</foreignphrase>
  2370. </entry>
  2371. <entry>
  2372. to fit; to be suitable
  2373. </entry>
  2374. </row>
  2375. <row>
  2376. <entry>
  2377. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hòu</foreignphrase>
  2378. </entry>
  2379. <entry>
  2380. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">厚</foreignphrase>
  2381. </entry>
  2382. <entry>
  2383. to be thick; to be heavy (of clothing)
  2384. </entry>
  2385. </row>
  2386. <row>
  2387. <entry>
  2388. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huài</foreignphrase>
  2389. </entry>
  2390. <entry>
  2391. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">坏</foreignphrase>
  2392. </entry>
  2393. <entry>
  2394. to be bad; to go bad, to break
  2395. </entry>
  2396. </row>
  2397. <row>
  2398. <entry>
  2399. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiákè(r) OR jiākè(r)</foreignphrase>
  2400. </entry>
  2401. <entry>
  2402. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">夹克</foreignphrase>
  2403. </entry>
  2404. <entry>
  2405. jacket
  2406. </entry>
  2407. </row>
  2408. <row>
  2409. <entry>
  2410. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-jiàn</foreignphrase>
  2411. </entry>
  2412. <entry>
  2413. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">-件</foreignphrase>
  2414. </entry>
  2415. <entry>
  2416. (counter for clothing)
  2417. </entry>
  2418. </row>
  2419. <row>
  2420. <entry>
  2421. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kùzi (yìtiāo)</foreignphrase>
  2422. </entry>
  2423. <entry>
  2424. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">裤子(一条)</foreignphrase>
  2425. </entry>
  2426. <entry>
  2427. pants
  2428. </entry>
  2429. </row>
  2430. <row>
  2431. <entry>
  2432. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liáng</foreignphrase>
  2433. </entry>
  2434. <entry>
  2435. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">量</foreignphrase>
  2436. </entry>
  2437. <entry>
  2438. to measure
  2439. </entry>
  2440. </row>
  2441. <row>
  2442. <entry>
  2443. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liàozi</foreignphrase>
  2444. </entry>
  2445. <entry>
  2446. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">料子</foreignphrase>
  2447. </entry>
  2448. <entry>
  2449. material, fabric
  2450. </entry>
  2451. </row>
  2452. <row>
  2453. <entry>
  2454. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">máoyī</foreignphrase>
  2455. </entry>
  2456. <entry>
  2457. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">毛衣</foreignphrase>
  2458. </entry>
  2459. <entry>
  2460. sweater
  2461. </entry>
  2462. </row>
  2463. <row>
  2464. <entry>
  2465. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">màozi (yìdǐng)</foreignphrase>
  2466. </entry>
  2467. <entry>
  2468. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">帽子(一顶)</foreignphrase>
  2469. </entry>
  2470. <entry>
  2471. hat
  2472. </entry>
  2473. </row>
  2474. <row>
  2475. <entry>
  2476. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mián’āo</foreignphrase>
  2477. </entry>
  2478. <entry>
  2479. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">棉袄</foreignphrase>
  2480. </entry>
  2481. <entry>
  2482. cotton-padded jacket
  2483. </entry>
  2484. </row>
  2485. <row>
  2486. <entry>
  2487. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nà</foreignphrase>
  2488. </entry>
  2489. <entry>
  2490. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">那</foreignphrase>
  2491. </entry>
  2492. <entry>
  2493. then, in that case
  2494. </entry>
  2495. </row>
  2496. <row>
  2497. <entry>
  2498. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèikù</foreignphrase>
  2499. </entry>
  2500. <entry>
  2501. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">内裤</foreignphrase>
  2502. </entry>
  2503. <entry>
  2504. underpants
  2505. </entry>
  2506. </row>
  2507. <row>
  2508. <entry>
  2509. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèiyī</foreignphrase>
  2510. </entry>
  2511. <entry>
  2512. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">内衣</foreignphrase>
  2513. </entry>
  2514. <entry>
  2515. underwear (undershirts, undershorts, briefs, slips, bras, etc.); just undershirt (when used in contrast to nèikù, underpants)
  2516. </entry>
  2517. </row>
  2518. <row>
  2519. <entry>
  2520. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nílóng</foreignphrase>
  2521. </entry>
  2522. <entry>
  2523. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">尼龙</foreignphrase>
  2524. </entry>
  2525. <entry>
  2526. nylon
  2527. </entry>
  2528. </row>
  2529. <row>
  2530. <entry>
  2531. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">píxié</foreignphrase>
  2532. </entry>
  2533. <entry>
  2534. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">皮鞋</foreignphrase>
  2535. </entry>
  2536. <entry>
  2537. leather shoes
  2538. </entry>
  2539. </row>
  2540. <row>
  2541. <entry>
  2542. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pò</foreignphrase>
  2543. </entry>
  2544. <entry>
  2545. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">破</foreignphrase>
  2546. </entry>
  2547. <entry>
  2548. to be worn out; to break, to tear
  2549. </entry>
  2550. </row>
  2551. <row>
  2552. <entry>
  2553. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qípáo</foreignphrase>
  2554. </entry>
  2555. <entry>
  2556. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">旗袍</foreignphrase>
  2557. </entry>
  2558. <entry>
  2559. close-fitting woman’s dress with high neck and slit skirt; cheongsam
  2560. </entry>
  2561. </row>
  2562. <row>
  2563. <entry>
  2564. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qù</foreignphrase>
  2565. </entry>
  2566. <entry>
  2567. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">去</foreignphrase>
  2568. </entry>
  2569. <entry>
  2570. to go
  2571. </entry>
  2572. </row>
  2573. <row>
  2574. <entry>
  2575. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qúnzi</foreignphrase>
  2576. </entry>
  2577. <entry>
  2578. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">裙子</foreignphrase>
  2579. </entry>
  2580. <entry>
  2581. skirt
  2582. </entry>
  2583. </row>
  2584. <row>
  2585. <entry>
  2586. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shénmeyàng</foreignphrase>
  2587. </entry>
  2588. <entry>
  2589. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">什么样</foreignphrase>
  2590. </entry>
  2591. <entry>
  2592. like what, what kind
  2593. </entry>
  2594. </row>
  2595. <row>
  2596. <entry>
  2597. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēnshang</foreignphrase>
  2598. </entry>
  2599. <entry>
  2600. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">身上</foreignphrase>
  2601. </entry>
  2602. <entry>
  2603. on one’s body
  2604. </entry>
  2605. </row>
  2606. <row>
  2607. <entry>
  2608. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-shuāng</foreignphrase>
  2609. </entry>
  2610. <entry>
  2611. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">-双</foreignphrase>
  2612. </entry>
  2613. <entry>
  2614. pair
  2615. </entry>
  2616. </row>
  2617. <row>
  2618. <entry>
  2619. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūbāo</foreignphrase>
  2620. </entry>
  2621. <entry>
  2622. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">书包</foreignphrase>
  2623. </entry>
  2624. <entry>
  2625. book bag, tote bag, carryall
  2626. </entry>
  2627. </row>
  2628. <row>
  2629. <entry>
  2630. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuìyī (yítào)</foreignphrase>
  2631. </entry>
  2632. <entry>
  2633. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">睡衣(一套)</foreignphrase>
  2634. </entry>
  2635. <entry>
  2636. pajamas; nightgown
  2637. </entry>
  2638. </row>
  2639. <row>
  2640. <entry>
  2641. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-tào</foreignphrase>
  2642. </entry>
  2643. <entry>
  2644. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">-套</foreignphrase>
  2645. </entry>
  2646. <entry>
  2647. (counter for suits, sets of things)
  2648. </entry>
  2649. </row>
  2650. <row>
  2651. <entry>
  2652. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-tiáo</foreignphrase>
  2653. </entry>
  2654. <entry>
  2655. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">-条</foreignphrase>
  2656. </entry>
  2657. <entry>
  2658. (counter for long, winding things; counter for pants, translated “pair”)
  2659. </entry>
  2660. </row>
  2661. <row>
  2662. <entry>
  2663. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tuōxié</foreignphrase>
  2664. </entry>
  2665. <entry>
  2666. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">拖鞋</foreignphrase>
  2667. </entry>
  2668. <entry>
  2669. slippers
  2670. </entry>
  2671. </row>
  2672. <row>
  2673. <entry>
  2674. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàitào(r)</foreignphrase>
  2675. </entry>
  2676. <entry>
  2677. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">外套</foreignphrase>
  2678. </entry>
  2679. <entry>
  2680. coat, jacket (that extends below the waist)
  2681. </entry>
  2682. </row>
  2683. <row>
  2684. <entry>
  2685. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàng</foreignphrase>
  2686. </entry>
  2687. <entry>
  2688. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">忘</foreignphrase>
  2689. </entry>
  2690. <entry>
  2691. to forget
  2692. </entry>
  2693. </row>
  2694. <row>
  2695. <entry>
  2696. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàzi</foreignphrase>
  2697. </entry>
  2698. <entry>
  2699. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">袜子</foreignphrase>
  2700. </entry>
  2701. <entry>
  2702. socks
  2703. </entry>
  2704. </row>
  2705. <row>
  2706. <entry>
  2707. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xié</foreignphrase>
  2708. </entry>
  2709. <entry>
  2710. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鞋</foreignphrase>
  2711. </entry>
  2712. <entry>
  2713. shoe
  2714. </entry>
  2715. </row>
  2716. <row>
  2717. <entry>
  2718. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīzhuāng</foreignphrase>
  2719. </entry>
  2720. <entry>
  2721. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">西装</foreignphrase>
  2722. </entry>
  2723. <entry>
  2724. Western-style clothes; Western-style suit
  2725. </entry>
  2726. </row>
  2727. <row>
  2728. <entry>
  2729. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xūyào</foreignphrase>
  2730. </entry>
  2731. <entry>
  2732. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">需要</foreignphrase>
  2733. </entry>
  2734. <entry>
  2735. to need, to require
  2736. </entry>
  2737. </row>
  2738. <row>
  2739. <entry>
  2740. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yàngzi</foreignphrase>
  2741. </entry>
  2742. <entry>
  2743. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">样子</foreignphrase>
  2744. </entry>
  2745. <entry>
  2746. appearance; shape, form; style, design; pattern
  2747. </entry>
  2748. </row>
  2749. <row>
  2750. <entry>
  2751. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yào</foreignphrase>
  2752. </entry>
  2753. <entry>
  2754. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">要</foreignphrase>
  2755. </entry>
  2756. <entry>
  2757. should; must; it is necessary, to need to
  2758. </entry>
  2759. </row>
  2760. <row>
  2761. <entry>
  2762. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yīfu</foreignphrase>
  2763. </entry>
  2764. <entry>
  2765. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">衣服</foreignphrase>
  2766. </entry>
  2767. <entry>
  2768. clothes
  2769. </entry>
  2770. </row>
  2771. <row>
  2772. <entry>
  2773. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yòng</foreignphrase>
  2774. </entry>
  2775. <entry>
  2776. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">用</foreignphrase>
  2777. </entry>
  2778. <entry>
  2779. to use
  2780. </entry>
  2781. </row>
  2782. <row>
  2783. <entry>
  2784. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǔxié</foreignphrase>
  2785. </entry>
  2786. <entry>
  2787. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">雨鞋</foreignphrase>
  2788. </entry>
  2789. <entry>
  2790. rainshoes; rubbers, galoshes
  2791. </entry>
  2792. </row>
  2793. <row>
  2794. <entry>
  2795. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǔyī</foreignphrase>
  2796. </entry>
  2797. <entry>
  2798. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">雨衣</foreignphrase>
  2799. </entry>
  2800. <entry>
  2801. raincoat
  2802. </entry>
  2803. </row>
  2804. <row>
  2805. <entry>
  2806. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhào</foreignphrase>
  2807. </entry>
  2808. <entry>
  2809. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">照</foreignphrase>
  2810. </entry>
  2811. <entry>
  2812. according to
  2813. </entry>
  2814. </row>
  2815. <row>
  2816. <entry>
  2817. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhǒng</foreignphrase>
  2818. </entry>
  2819. <entry>
  2820. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一种车</foreignphrase>
  2821. </entry>
  2822. <entry>
  2823. kind, sort
  2824. </entry>
  2825. </row>
  2826. <row>
  2827. <entry>
  2828. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zìjǐ</foreignphrase>
  2829. </entry>
  2830. <entry>
  2831. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">自己</foreignphrase>
  2832. </entry>
  2833. <entry>
  2834. self, oneself (myself, yourself, etc.)
  2835. </entry>
  2836. </row>
  2837. <row>
  2838. <entry>
  2839. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò</foreignphrase>
  2840. </entry>
  2841. <entry>
  2842. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">做</foreignphrase>
  2843. </entry>
  2844. <entry>
  2845. to make; to have made
  2846. </entry>
  2847. </row>
  2848. </tbody>
  2849. </tgroup>
  2850. </informaltable></para>
  2851. </section>
  2852. </section>
  2853. <section>
  2854. <title>Unit 3: Hair Care</title>
  2855. <section>
  2856. <title>Reference Notes</title>
  2857. <section>
  2858. <title>Part 1</title>
  2859. <section>
  2860. <title>Reference List</title>
  2861. <para/>
  2862. </section>
  2863. <section>
  2864. <title>Reference Notes on Part 1</title>
  2865. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu shì</foreignphrase>: “to be
  2866. occupied, to have something to do,” literally, “to have
  2867. business.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  2868. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  2869. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  2870. <tbody>
  2871. <row>
  2872. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ xiànzài
  2873. yǒu shì ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
  2874. </row>
  2875. <row>
  2876. <entry/>
  2877. </row>
  2878. <row>
  2879. <entry>Are you busy now?</entry>
  2880. </row>
  2881. <row>
  2882. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Méi
  2883. shì.</foreignphrase></entry>
  2884. </row>
  2885. <row>
  2886. <entry/>
  2887. </row>
  2888. <row>
  2889. <entry>No, I'm not busy.</entry>
  2890. </row>
  2891. </tbody>
  2892. </tgroup>
  2893. </informaltable></para>
  2894. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǎn</foreignphrase>: “to cut
  2895. (with a scissors), to clip, to trim” Chinese has several different words for
  2896. English “to cut” depending on the method of cutting. <foreignphrase
  2897. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jiǎn</foreignphrase> only refers to cutting
  2898. with a scissors or clipper.</para>
  2899. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bú yào</foreignphrase>: “don't”
  2900. In Transportation Module, Un t 3, you learned <foreignphrase
  2901. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bié</foreignphrase> for “don't” in negative
  2902. commands. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bú yào</foreignphrase>
  2903. means the same thing.</para>
  2904. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎngbiān</foreignphrase>: “two
  2905. sides, both sides” In English it is enough to say just “the sides” and to
  2906. add “two” or “both” seems superfluous, but <foreignphrase
  2907. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎng</foreignphrase> is necessary in
  2908. Chinese. Perhaps this is because Chinese has no way of indicating plural, as
  2909. does the s in English, “the sides.”</para>
  2910. <para>Gòu duǎn le: “it's short enough now” There are two things to notice in
  2911. this short sentence: (1) In English we say “short enough,” but in Chinese
  2912. you say literally “enough short”; in other words, gòu is used as an adverb
  2913. to modify the adjectival verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2914. >duǎn</foreignphrase>. (2) le here indicates a new state of affairs:
  2915. before, the hair wasn't short enough, but now it is. Thus le can be rendered
  2916. into English by the word “now.”</para>
  2917. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐ tóu</foreignphrase>: “to wash
  2918. the hair” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tóu</foreignphrase> is
  2919. literally “head,” but in many cases actually refers to the hair. In most
  2920. Chinese barbershops a shampoo after the haircut is standard procedure, and
  2921. you would not have to specify that you want one. (<foreignphrase
  2922. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xǐ tóu</foreignphrase> is translated as “to
  2923. shampoo.” Liquid shampoo is called <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2924. >xǐfàjīng</foreignphrase>, “wash-hair-essence.”)</para>
  2925. <para>Notice that <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ yào xǐ
  2926. tóu</foreignphrase> has been translated idiomatically as “I want a
  2927. shampoo,” although literally <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐ
  2928. tóu</foreignphrase> is a verb-object “to wash the head.” Many Chinese
  2929. phrases made up of a verb plus object are ambiguous as to who performs the
  2930. action. You might have been tempted to translate <foreignphrase
  2931. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ yào xǐ tóu</foreignphrase> as “I want to
  2932. wash the hair,” but in this context the sentence actually means “I want to
  2933. have (my) hair washed,” that is, by someone else (the barber). The context
  2934. should tell you which meaning is intended. Another example:<informaltable
  2935. frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  2936. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  2937. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  2938. <tbody>
  2939. <row>
  2940. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ qù xǐ
  2941. yīfu.</foreignphrase></entry>
  2942. </row>
  2943. <row>
  2944. <entry/>
  2945. </row>
  2946. <row>
  2947. <entry>I am going to wash clothes.</entry>
  2948. </row>
  2949. <row>
  2950. <entry>OR</entry>
  2951. </row>
  2952. <row>
  2953. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ qù xǐ
  2954. yīfu.</foreignphrase></entry>
  2955. </row>
  2956. <row>
  2957. <entry/>
  2958. </row>
  2959. <row>
  2960. <entry>I am going to have clothes washed.</entry>
  2961. </row>
  2962. </tbody>
  2963. </tgroup>
  2964. </informaltable></para>
  2965. <para>Usually you won't have any trouble deciding which the speaker means; the
  2966. situation or other things the speaker says will make it clear.</para>
  2967. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yóu</foreignphrase>: Literally,
  2968. “oil,” this word may be used in a looser sense to refer to all sorts of
  2969. liquid preparations applied to the hair by hand (e.g., Vitalis). The
  2970. specific word for “hair oil” is <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2971. >fàyóu</foreignphrase> or <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  2972. >tóuyóu</foreignphrase>.</para>
  2973. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hái yǒu
  2974. tóufa...</foreignphrase>: This is the sentence to say when the barber leaves
  2975. bits of hair on your neck. The average person would gesture to his neck and
  2976. say this sentence.</para>
  2977. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūfu</foreignphrase>: “to be
  2978. comfortable; to feel good”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  2979. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  2980. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  2981. <tbody>
  2982. <row>
  2983. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige yǐzi
  2984. zhēn shūfu.</foreignphrase></entry>
  2985. </row>
  2986. <row>
  2987. <entry/>
  2988. </row>
  2989. <row>
  2990. <entry>This chair is really comfortable.</entry>
  2991. </row>
  2992. <row>
  2993. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige xiǎo
  2994. fēng hǎo shūfu a!</foreignphrase></entry>
  2995. </row>
  2996. <row>
  2997. <entry/>
  2998. </row>
  2999. <row>
  3000. <entry>This breeze (“little wind”) feels so good.</entry>
  3001. </row>
  3002. </tbody>
  3003. </tgroup>
  3004. </informaltable></para>
  3005. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bù shūfu</foreignphrase> can
  3006. either mean “to be uncomfortable” or “not to be well, that is, to feel
  3007. ill.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  3008. <tgroup cols="2" align="center">
  3009. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  3010. <colspec colname="newCol2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
  3011. <tbody>
  3012. <row>
  3013. <entry>A:</entry>
  3014. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> Wáng
  3015. Xiáojie wèishénme jīntiān méi
  3016. lái?</foreignphrase></entry>
  3017. </row>
  3018. <row>
  3019. <entry/>
  3020. <entry/>
  3021. </row>
  3022. <row>
  3023. <entry/>
  3024. <entry>Why didn't Miss <foreignphrase
  3025. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wáng</foreignphrase> come
  3026. today?</entry>
  3027. </row>
  3028. <row>
  3029. <entry>B:</entry>
  3030. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā jintiān
  3031. bù shūfu.</foreignphrase></entry>
  3032. </row>
  3033. <row>
  3034. <entry/>
  3035. <entry/>
  3036. </row>
  3037. <row>
  3038. <entry/>
  3039. <entry>She doesn't feel well today.</entry>
  3040. </row>
  3041. </tbody>
  3042. </tgroup>
  3043. </informaltable></para>
  3044. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nòng</foreignphrase>: An
  3045. extremely versatile verb because it has such a general meaning: “to
  3046. do/manage/handle/make.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3047. >Nòng</foreignphrase> often substitutes for a more specific verb. Also
  3048. pronounced <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lòng</foreignphrase> or
  3049. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3050. >nèng</foreignphrase>.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  3051. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  3052. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  3053. <tbody>
  3054. <row>
  3055. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ qù nòng
  3056. fàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
  3057. </row>
  3058. <row>
  3059. <entry/>
  3060. </row>
  3061. <row>
  3062. <entry>I'll go get the meal ready.</entry>
  3063. </row>
  3064. <row>
  3065. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ qù nòng
  3066. nèige.</foreignphrase></entry>
  3067. </row>
  3068. <row>
  3069. <entry/>
  3070. </row>
  3071. <row>
  3072. <entry>I'll go take care of that.</entry>
  3073. </row>
  3074. <row>
  3075. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zìjǐ
  3076. nòng ba.</foreignphrase></entry>
  3077. </row>
  3078. <row>
  3079. <entry/>
  3080. </row>
  3081. <row>
  3082. <entry>Let me do it myself.</entry>
  3083. </row>
  3084. <row>
  3085. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bié nòng
  3086. nèixie shìqing.</foreignphrase></entry>
  3087. </row>
  3088. <row>
  3089. <entry/>
  3090. </row>
  3091. <row>
  3092. <entry>Don't mess around with that sort of thing.</entry>
  3093. </row>
  3094. <row>
  3095. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā nòngle
  3096. hěn duō qián.</foreignphrase></entry>
  3097. </row>
  3098. <row>
  3099. <entry/>
  3100. </row>
  3101. <row>
  3102. <entry>He came up with a lot of money.</entry>
  3103. </row>
  3104. </tbody>
  3105. </tgroup>
  3106. </informaltable></para>
  3107. <para>But in the Reference List sentence, <foreignphrase
  3108. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nòng</foreignphrase> is used in an even more
  3109. common way, meaning “to make (someone/something a certain way)” or “to get
  3110. (someone/ something into a certain condition).” Other examples:</para>
  3111. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nònggānjing</foreignphrase>: “to
  3112. make/get something clean”</para>
  3113. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nònghuài</foreignphrase>: “to
  3114. break, to put out of order, to ruin”</para>
  3115. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nòngpò</foreignphrase>: “to
  3116. tear, to break”</para>
  3117. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā húzi</foreignphrase>: “to
  3118. shave”, literally, “to scrape the beard.” The verb object phrase
  3119. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā húzi</foreignphrase>, like
  3120. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐ tóu</foreignphrase> in
  3121. Reference List Sentence No. 5, may be translated in either of two ways
  3122. depending on the context: either “to shave (someone)” or “to have someone
  3123. shave oneself.”</para>
  3124. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi wǒ guā húzi</foreignphrase>:
  3125. “shave me” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Gěi</foreignphrase> is
  3126. the prepositional verb meaning “for.” When you have a verb-object phrase
  3127. like <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā húzi</foreignphrase> you
  3128. indicate the person upon whom the action is performed by using a
  3129. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase>
  3130. phrase.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  3131. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  3132. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  3133. <tbody>
  3134. <row>
  3135. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng ni gěi
  3136. wǒ xǐ tóu.</foreignphrase></entry>
  3137. </row>
  3138. <row>
  3139. <entry/>
  3140. </row>
  3141. <row>
  3142. <entry>Please wash my hair for me (i.e., give me a
  3143. shampoo).</entry>
  3144. </row>
  3145. </tbody>
  3146. </tgroup>
  3147. </informaltable></para>
  3148. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuí bèi</foreignphrase>: “to
  3149. pound (someone's) back” as in massage. Barbers in China often provide this
  3150. service after the haircut. Here once again, <foreignphrase
  3151. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuí bèi</foreignphrase> is a verb-object
  3152. phrase with the same ambiguity as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3153. >xǐ tóu</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3154. >guā húzi</foreignphrase>: it may mean “to pound someone's back” or “to
  3155. have one's back pounded.” Again, the context determines the interpretation.
  3156. When the barber asks you <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ yào
  3157. chuí bèi ma?</foreignphrase>, you can safely assume that he is offering
  3158. to pound your back rather than asking you to pound his.</para>
  3159. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ànmó</foreignphrase>: This is
  3160. the noun “massage.” In recent years, an increasing number of barbershops in
  3161. Taiwan, Hong Kong, and a few in the TRC have added massage to their list of
  3162. services. Chinese medical clinics and hospitals also give therapeutic
  3163. massage.</para>
  3164. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cā píxíe</foreignphrase>: “to
  3165. shine shoes/to have one's shoes shined” (<foreignphrase
  3166. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Cā</foreignphrase> is literally, “to wipe, to
  3167. rub.”) Once again, there is potential ambiguity as to who is the performer
  3168. of the action. Also note that Chinese must use the verb-object; there is no
  3169. noun corresponding to English “a shoeshine.” The translation of the
  3170. Reference List sentence using “a shoeshine” is idiomatic. Literally the
  3171. sentence means, “is there someone who shines shoes here?” <foreignphrase
  3172. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Cā píxiéde</foreignphrase> is a noun phrase
  3173. meaning “someone who shines shoes, a shoe shiner.”</para>
  3174. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liú húzi</foreignphrase>: “to
  3175. grow a beard,” literally <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3176. >liú</foreignphrase>, “to leave, to let be,” and <foreignphrase
  3177. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">húzi</foreignphrase> “beard,
  3178. mustache.”</para>
  3179. </section>
  3180. <section>
  3181. <title>First Dialogue on Part 1</title>
  3182. <para>Taipei. A Chinese man (A) walks into a barbershop and sits down in a
  3183. barber's chair. The barber is B and the shoeshine boy is C.</para>
  3184. <para/>
  3185. </section>
  3186. <section>
  3187. <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
  3188. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Liǎngbiān me...:</foreignphrase>
  3189. me indicates hesitation, indecision or consideration. It is translated here
  3190. by the words “as for.”</para>
  3191. </section>
  3192. <section>
  3193. <title>Second Dialogue for Part 1</title>
  3194. <para>A barbershop in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3195. >Běijīng</foreignphrase>. An American goes into a medium-sized
  3196. barbershop. After sitting for a while in the waiting area, his number is
  3197. called, he pays his fee to the cashier, and then sits down in a barber's
  3198. chair. Since the American has been here three times before, the barber and
  3199. he are already acquainted.</para>
  3200. <para/>
  3201. </section>
  3202. <section>
  3203. <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
  3204. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méi shíjiān na</foreignphrase>:
  3205. Na is a contraction of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3206. >ne</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3207. >a</foreignphrase>.</para>
  3208. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bú cuò</foreignphrase>: “not
  3209. bad, pretty good” (MTG 2)</para>
  3210. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dào nèibianr
  3211. zuò</foreignphrase>: The <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3212. >qù</foreignphrase> is omitted from this phrase.</para>
  3213. </section>
  3214. </section>
  3215. <section>
  3216. <title>Part 2</title>
  3217. <para/>
  3218. <section>
  3219. <title>Reference List</title>
  3220. <para/>
  3221. </section>
  3222. <section>
  3223. <title>Reference Notes on Part 2</title>
  3224. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò tóufa</foreignphrase>: “to
  3225. do hair” or “to have one's hair done” (See the Reference Notes for part I on
  3226. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐ tóu</foreignphrase>,
  3227. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā húzi</foreignphrase>,
  3228. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuí bèi</foreignphrase>,
  3229. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cā
  3230. píxié</foreignphrase>.)</para>
  3231. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùyuē</foreignphrase>: “to make
  3232. an appointment” literally “beforehand make-an-appointment.” This is
  3233. relatively new PRC usage; this word used to have only the meanings “a
  3234. preliminary agreement” or “to pre-order a book which has not be published.”
  3235. In Taiwan (or the PRC for that matter), you may use instead the phrase
  3236. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiān yuē yige
  3237. shíjiān</foreignphrase>, “to arrange a time forehand.” Appointments are
  3238. not generally required or accepted in barbershops and beauty parlors in the
  3239. PRC or Taiwan.</para>
  3240. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wèntí</foreignphrase>: “problem
  3241. or “question.”<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> méi (yǒu)
  3242. wèntí</foreignphrase> is just like the English “no problem.” In addition
  3243. to its literal meaning of “There is no problem,” <foreignphrase
  3244. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méi wèntí</foreignphrase> can also “be used
  3245. to assure someone that you are extending a favor gladly.<informaltable
  3246. frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  3247. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  3248. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  3249. <tbody>
  3250. <row>
  3251. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kě bu kéyi
  3252. qǐng ni gěi wo wèn zhèijiàn
  3253. shì?</foreignphrase></entry>
  3254. </row>
  3255. <row>
  3256. <entry/>
  3257. </row>
  3258. <row>
  3259. <entry>Could you please ask about this matter for
  3260. me?</entry>
  3261. </row>
  3262. <row>
  3263. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Méi
  3264. wèntí.</foreignphrase></entry>
  3265. </row>
  3266. <row>
  3267. <entry/>
  3268. </row>
  3269. <row>
  3270. <entry>No problem.</entry>
  3271. </row>
  3272. </tbody>
  3273. </tgroup>
  3274. </informaltable></para>
  3275. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēn</foreignphrase>: A Chinese
  3276. unit of length equal to 1/3 of a centimeter, or slightly more than 1/8 of an
  3277. inch. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fēn</foreignphrase>
  3278. originally meant “one tenth.” You have also seen it meaning “one cent” (1/10
  3279. of a dime, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">máo</foreignphrase>).
  3280. As a unit of length, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3281. >fēn</foreignphrase> is one tenth of a Chinese inch (<foreignphrase
  3282. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cùn</foreignphrase>). We have drawn a ruler
  3283. marking off <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cùn</foreignphrase>
  3284. (“inches”) and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēn</foreignphrase>
  3285. so that you can contrast it with our American (British) inch.<inlinemediaobject>
  3286. <imageobject>
  3287. <imagedata fileref="../images/mesures.png" width="14cm"/>
  3288. </imageobject>
  3289. </inlinemediaobject></para>
  3290. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu diǎn</foreignphrase>: Used
  3291. before a state verb, you (yì)diǎn means “a little, slightly,” as
  3292. in:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  3293. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  3294. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  3295. <tbody>
  3296. <row>
  3297. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu yìdiǎn
  3298. rè</foreignphrase></entry>
  3299. </row>
  3300. <row>
  3301. <entry/>
  3302. </row>
  3303. <row>
  3304. <entry>a little hot</entry>
  3305. </row>
  3306. <row>
  3307. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu yìdiǎn
  3308. nán</foreignphrase></entry>
  3309. </row>
  3310. <row>
  3311. <entry/>
  3312. </row>
  3313. <row>
  3314. <entry>a little difficult</entry>
  3315. </row>
  3316. </tbody>
  3317. </tgroup>
  3318. </informaltable></para>
  3319. <para>The use of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu
  3320. yìdiǎn</foreignphrase> deserves your special attention, since English
  3321. speakers learning Chinese tend to make the mistake of saying <foreignphrase
  3322. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìdiǎn nán</foreignphrase> (which is
  3323. incorrect) for “a little difficult” instead of the correct
  3324. form<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> yǒu yìdiǎn
  3325. nán</foreignphrase>. Remember to put in that <foreignphrase
  3326. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu</foreignphrase>!</para>
  3327. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shìyishi</foreignphrase>: “to
  3328. try, to give it a try” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3329. >Shì</foreignphrase> is “to try” in the sense of “to experiment.” It
  3330. does not mean “try” in the sense of “to make an effort” to do
  3331. something.</para>
  3332. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yídìng</foreignphrase>:
  3333. “certainly, surely, for sure, definitive(ly)” Literally, sentence 18 means
  3334. “I think it will surely be good-looking,” which can be translated more
  3335. smoothly as “I'm sure it will look good.” The phrase “I'm sure ...” will
  3336. often translate into Chinese as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
  3337. xiǎng ... yídìng ...</foreignphrase> , for example:<informaltable
  3338. frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  3339. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  3340. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  3341. <tbody>
  3342. <row>
  3343. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xiǎng nǐ
  3344. yídìng xǐhuan.</foreignphrase></entry>
  3345. </row>
  3346. <row>
  3347. <entry/>
  3348. </row>
  3349. <row>
  3350. <entry>I'm sure you'll like it.</entry>
  3351. </row>
  3352. <row>
  3353. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xiǎng tā
  3354. yídìng lái.</foreignphrase></entry>
  3355. </row>
  3356. <row>
  3357. <entry/>
  3358. </row>
  3359. <row>
  3360. <entry>I'm sure he'll come.</entry>
  3361. </row>
  3362. </tbody>
  3363. </tgroup>
  3364. </informaltable></para>
  3365. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tàng tóufa</foreignphrase>: “to
  3366. get a permanent” The use of the verb <foreignphrase
  3367. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tàng</foreignphrase> for “to get a permanent”
  3368. has an interesting background and shows how Chinese adapts words already in
  3369. the language rather than borrow from other languages. <foreignphrase
  3370. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tàng</foreignphrase> originally meant (and
  3371. still does) “to scald” or “to apply heat to” something. For example,
  3372. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tàng yīfu
  3373. </foreignphrase>means “to iron clothes.” The earliest methods for giving a
  3374. permanent wave used heated curlers; in fact, today in <foreignphrase
  3375. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase> (as in other parts of
  3376. the world) electrically heated curlers are still used in one type of
  3377. permanent called <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diàn
  3378. tàng</foreignphrase>, “electric permanent.” After the introduction of
  3379. chemical permanents, the verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3380. >tàng</foreignphrase> continued to be used, even though no heat is
  3381. applied in the new process. Chemical permanents are called <foreignphrase
  3382. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lěng tàng</foreignphrase>, “cold
  3383. permanent.”</para>
  3384. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juǎn</foreignphrase>: “to curl,
  3385. to roll up” You will find this verb used in many contexts, not Just in the
  3386. area of hair styling. It is the all-purpose word for rolling or curling
  3387. ribbons, paper, pastry, and building materials. [Curly hair is
  3388. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juǎnfà</foreignphrase>,
  3389. straight hair is <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3390. >zhífà</foreignphrase>.]</para>
  3391. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuǐgān</foreignphrase>: “to
  3392. blow-dry” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Chuǐ</foreignphrase> is
  3393. “to blow, to puff” and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3394. >gān</foreignphrase> is the adjectival verb “to be dry.” These two verbs
  3395. used together to form a compound which indicates both the action and the
  3396. result: “to blow until dry” or “to blow with the result that (something)
  3397. becomes dry.”</para>
  3398. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Chuīgān</foreignphrase> and the
  3399. English word “blow-dry,” look as if they are exactly parallel, but they are
  3400. not. In English you can leave off the word “blow” and just say “to dry
  3401. someone's hair,” whereas in Chinese you cannot use <foreignphrase
  3402. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gān</foreignphrase> to mean the action of
  3403. drying something, only the state of being dry. You always need to use
  3404. another verb with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3405. >gān</foreignphrase> in order to tell the action which caused the
  3406. drying. For example, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3407. >cāgān</foreignphrase> means “to wipe (something) dry.”</para>
  3408. </section>
  3409. </section>
  3410. <section>
  3411. <title>First Dialogue for Part 2</title>
  3412. <para>A Canadian woman (C) walks into the <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3413. >Běijīng</foreignphrase> Hotel hairdresser's. First she talks with the
  3414. cashier in front (A). Later the hairdresser (B) calls her.</para>
  3415. <para/>
  3416. </section>
  3417. <section>
  3418. <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
  3419. <para>Tipping is not permitted in the PRC. This is why the barber insists on giving
  3420. the woman her change.</para>
  3421. </section>
  3422. <section>
  3423. <title>Second Dialogue for Part 2</title>
  3424. <para>Taipei. A woman student about to have her hair done is talking with the
  3425. hairdresser.</para>
  3426. </section>
  3427. <section>
  3428. <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
  3429. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hěn hǎo kànde</foreignphrase>: The
  3430. -de here means “hat's how it is.” This usage is typical of southern
  3431. dialects.</para>
  3432. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìdiǎndiǎn</foreignphrase>: “a very
  3433. little bit”, less than <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3434. >yìdiǎn</foreignphrase>.</para>
  3435. </section>
  3436. </section>
  3437. <section>
  3438. <title>Vocabulary</title>
  3439. <para>
  3440. <informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
  3441. <tgroup cols="3">
  3442. <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  3443. <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  3444. <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
  3445. <tbody>
  3446. <row>
  3447. <entry>
  3448. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ànmó</foreignphrase>
  3449. </entry>
  3450. <entry>
  3451. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">按摩</foreignphrase>
  3452. </entry>
  3453. <entry>
  3454. massage
  3455. </entry>
  3456. </row>
  3457. <row>
  3458. <entry>
  3459. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bú yào</foreignphrase>
  3460. </entry>
  3461. <entry>
  3462. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">不要</foreignphrase>
  3463. </entry>
  3464. <entry>
  3465. don’t
  3466. </entry>
  3467. </row>
  3468. <row>
  3469. <entry>
  3470. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cā</foreignphrase>
  3471. </entry>
  3472. <entry>
  3473. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">擦</foreignphrase>
  3474. </entry>
  3475. <entry>
  3476. to rub, to wipe
  3477. </entry>
  3478. </row>
  3479. <row>
  3480. <entry>
  3481. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuí bèi</foreignphrase>
  3482. </entry>
  3483. <entry>
  3484. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">捶背</foreignphrase>
  3485. </entry>
  3486. <entry>
  3487. to pound (someone’s) back
  3488. </entry>
  3489. </row>
  3490. <row>
  3491. <entry>
  3492. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuīgān</foreignphrase>
  3493. </entry>
  3494. <entry>
  3495. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">吹干</foreignphrase>
  3496. </entry>
  3497. <entry>
  3498. to blow-dry (with a dryer)
  3499. </entry>
  3500. </row>
  3501. <row>
  3502. <entry>
  3503. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēn</foreignphrase>
  3504. </entry>
  3505. <entry>
  3506. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">分</foreignphrase>
  3507. </entry>
  3508. <entry>
  3509. one tenth of a Chinese inch (cùn)
  3510. </entry>
  3511. </row>
  3512. <row>
  3513. <entry>
  3514. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gānjing</foreignphrase>
  3515. </entry>
  3516. <entry>
  3517. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">干净</foreignphrase>
  3518. </entry>
  3519. <entry>
  3520. to be clean
  3521. </entry>
  3522. </row>
  3523. <row>
  3524. <entry>
  3525. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā</foreignphrase>
  3526. </entry>
  3527. <entry>
  3528. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">刮</foreignphrase>
  3529. </entry>
  3530. <entry>
  3531. to scrape
  3532. </entry>
  3533. </row>
  3534. <row>
  3535. <entry>
  3536. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā húzi</foreignphrase>
  3537. </entry>
  3538. <entry>
  3539. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">刮胡子</foreignphrase>
  3540. </entry>
  3541. <entry>
  3542. to shave (the beard)
  3543. </entry>
  3544. </row>
  3545. <row>
  3546. <entry>
  3547. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">húzi</foreignphrase>
  3548. </entry>
  3549. <entry>
  3550. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">胡子</foreignphrase>
  3551. </entry>
  3552. <entry>
  3553. beard OR mustache
  3554. </entry>
  3555. </row>
  3556. <row>
  3557. <entry>
  3558. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǎn</foreignphrase>
  3559. </entry>
  3560. <entry>
  3561. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">减</foreignphrase>
  3562. </entry>
  3563. <entry>
  3564. to cut (with scissors)
  3565. </entry>
  3566. </row>
  3567. <row>
  3568. <entry>
  3569. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juǎn</foreignphrase>
  3570. </entry>
  3571. <entry>
  3572. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">卷</foreignphrase>
  3573. </entry>
  3574. <entry>
  3575. to curl, to roll up
  3576. </entry>
  3577. </row>
  3578. <row>
  3579. <entry>
  3580. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎngbiān</foreignphrase>
  3581. </entry>
  3582. <entry>
  3583. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">两边</foreignphrase>
  3584. </entry>
  3585. <entry>
  3586. both sides, two sides
  3587. </entry>
  3588. </row>
  3589. <row>
  3590. <entry>
  3591. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liú</foreignphrase>
  3592. </entry>
  3593. <entry>
  3594. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">留</foreignphrase>
  3595. </entry>
  3596. <entry>
  3597. to remain, to stay; to keep, to save; to grow, to let grow; to leave
  3598. </entry>
  3599. </row>
  3600. <row>
  3601. <entry>
  3602. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liú húzi</foreignphrase>
  3603. </entry>
  3604. <entry>
  3605. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">留胡子</foreignphrase>
  3606. </entry>
  3607. <entry>
  3608. to grow a beard or mustache
  3609. </entry>
  3610. </row>
  3611. <row>
  3612. <entry>
  3613. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méi wèntí</foreignphrase>
  3614. </entry>
  3615. <entry>
  3616. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">没问题</foreignphrase>
  3617. </entry>
  3618. <entry>
  3619. no problem
  3620. </entry>
  3621. </row>
  3622. <row>
  3623. <entry>
  3624. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nòng</foreignphrase>
  3625. </entry>
  3626. <entry>
  3627. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">弄</foreignphrase>
  3628. </entry>
  3629. <entry>
  3630. to do, to handle, to manage, to make
  3631. </entry>
  3632. </row>
  3633. <row>
  3634. <entry>
  3635. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nòng gānjing</foreignphrase>
  3636. </entry>
  3637. <entry>
  3638. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">弄干净</foreignphrase>
  3639. </entry>
  3640. <entry>
  3641. to clean up
  3642. </entry>
  3643. </row>
  3644. <row>
  3645. <entry>
  3646. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shì</foreignphrase>
  3647. </entry>
  3648. <entry>
  3649. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">试</foreignphrase>
  3650. </entry>
  3651. <entry>
  3652. to try
  3653. </entry>
  3654. </row>
  3655. <row>
  3656. <entry>
  3657. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shì(yi)shi</foreignphrase>
  3658. </entry>
  3659. <entry>
  3660. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">试一试</foreignphrase>
  3661. </entry>
  3662. <entry>
  3663. to give it a try
  3664. </entry>
  3665. </row>
  3666. <row>
  3667. <entry>
  3668. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūfu</foreignphrase>
  3669. </entry>
  3670. <entry>
  3671. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">舒服</foreignphrase>
  3672. </entry>
  3673. <entry>
  3674. to be comfortable
  3675. </entry>
  3676. </row>
  3677. <row>
  3678. <entry>
  3679. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shū tóu</foreignphrase>
  3680. </entry>
  3681. <entry>
  3682. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">梳头</foreignphrase>
  3683. </entry>
  3684. <entry>
  3685. to brush or comb hair
  3686. </entry>
  3687. </row>
  3688. <row>
  3689. <entry>
  3690. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tàng</foreignphrase>
  3691. </entry>
  3692. <entry>
  3693. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">烫</foreignphrase>
  3694. </entry>
  3695. <entry>
  3696. to get a permanent
  3697. </entry>
  3698. </row>
  3699. <row>
  3700. <entry>
  3701. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóufa</foreignphrase>
  3702. </entry>
  3703. <entry>
  3704. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">头发</foreignphrase>
  3705. </entry>
  3706. <entry>
  3707. hair (on the head)
  3708. </entry>
  3709. </row>
  3710. <row>
  3711. <entry>
  3712. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wèntí</foreignphrase>
  3713. </entry>
  3714. <entry>
  3715. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">问题</foreignphrase>
  3716. </entry>
  3717. <entry>
  3718. question, problem
  3719. </entry>
  3720. </row>
  3721. <row>
  3722. <entry>
  3723. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐ</foreignphrase>
  3724. </entry>
  3725. <entry>
  3726. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">洗</foreignphrase>
  3727. </entry>
  3728. <entry>
  3729. to wash
  3730. </entry>
  3731. </row>
  3732. <row>
  3733. <entry>
  3734. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐ tóu</foreignphrase>
  3735. </entry>
  3736. <entry>
  3737. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">洗头</foreignphrase>
  3738. </entry>
  3739. <entry>
  3740. to shampoo, to get a shampoo
  3741. </entry>
  3742. </row>
  3743. <row>
  3744. <entry>
  3745. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yídìng</foreignphrase>
  3746. </entry>
  3747. <entry>
  3748. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一定</foreignphrase>
  3749. </entry>
  3750. <entry>
  3751. certainly, surely, for sure
  3752. </entry>
  3753. </row>
  3754. <row>
  3755. <entry>
  3756. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yóu</foreignphrase>
  3757. </entry>
  3758. <entry>
  3759. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">油</foreignphrase>
  3760. </entry>
  3761. <entry>
  3762. oil, grease
  3763. </entry>
  3764. </row>
  3765. <row>
  3766. <entry>
  3767. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu shì</foreignphrase>
  3768. </entry>
  3769. <entry>
  3770. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">有事</foreignphrase>
  3771. </entry>
  3772. <entry>
  3773. to be occupied, to be busy, to have things to do
  3774. </entry>
  3775. </row>
  3776. <row>
  3777. <entry>
  3778. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu (yì)diǎn</foreignphrase>
  3779. </entry>
  3780. <entry>
  3781. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">有(一)点</foreignphrase>
  3782. </entry>
  3783. <entry>
  3784. a little bit, somewhat
  3785. </entry>
  3786. </row>
  3787. <row>
  3788. <entry>
  3789. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùyuē</foreignphrase>
  3790. </entry>
  3791. <entry>
  3792. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">预约</foreignphrase>
  3793. </entry>
  3794. <entry>
  3795. to make an appointment (PRC)
  3796. </entry>
  3797. </row>
  3798. <row>
  3799. <entry>
  3800. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò tòufa</foreignphrase>
  3801. </entry>
  3802. <entry>
  3803. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">做头发</foreignphrase>
  3804. </entry>
  3805. <entry>
  3806. to do one’s hair, to have one’s hair done
  3807. </entry>
  3808. </row>
  3809. </tbody>
  3810. </tgroup>
  3811. </informaltable></para>
  3812. </section>
  3813. </section>
  3814. <section>
  3815. <title>Unit 4: In the Home</title>
  3816. <section>
  3817. <title>Reference Notes</title>
  3818. <section>
  3819. <title>Part 1</title>
  3820. <section>
  3821. <title>Reference List</title>
  3822. <para/>
  3823. </section>
  3824. <section>
  3825. <title>Reference Notes on Part 1</title>
  3826. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǎnjìng</foreignphrase>:
  3827. “eyeglasses” Don't mix this up with <foreignphrase
  3828. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǎnjìng</foreignphrase>, “eye.” In
  3829. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase> speech
  3830. these words are pronounced <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3831. >yǎnjìngr</foreignphrase> (“eyeglasses”) and <foreignphrase
  3832. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǎnjing</foreignphrase> (“eye”), keeping them
  3833. even more distinct from each other.</para>
  3834. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhīpiàoběn</foreignphrase>:
  3835. “checkbook” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3836. >Zhípiào</foreignphrase> is a “check,” literally “pay-ticket.”
  3837. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běn(r)</foreignphrase> is a
  3838. booklet.</para>
  3839. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase>: “to bring”
  3840. This word sounds exactly like another you learned in Unit 2, <foreignphrase
  3841. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase>, “to wear, to put on
  3842. (glasses, gloves, a hat, a wristwatch, jewelry, etc.).” They are different
  3843. words, however, written With different characters ( 带 for “to bring” and 戴
  3844. for “to wear”). The translation of the first Reference List sentence is
  3845. idiomatic; we would say “I have ... with me” or “I have ... on me” when
  3846. Chinese says literally, “I have brought... .”</para>
  3847. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎoběnzi</foreignphrase>:
  3848. “notebook,” literally “small book.” In Reference List sentence No. 2,
  3849. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎoběnzi</foreignphrase> is
  3850. translated specifically as “address book.” Actually the word is more neutral
  3851. in meaning (“notebook, booklet”), but picks up the specific translation from
  3852. the context.</para>
  3853. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāngzi</foreignphrase>: “box,
  3854. trunk, case” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3855. >Xiāngzi</foreignphrase> corresponds to the English “suitcase,” while
  3856. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xíngli</foreignphrase> is the
  3857. equivalent of “luggage.”</para>
  3858. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēnbàodān</foreignphrase>:
  3859. “declaration form” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3860. >Shēnbào</foreignphrase> is the verb “to report to a higher body, to
  3861. declare something at customs.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3862. >Dān</foreignphrase> is the noun meaning “bill, list, note.”</para>
  3863. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiě zai
  3864. shēnbàodānshang</foreignphrase>: “write it on the declaration form.”
  3865. Notice that the place phrase (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài
  3866. ... shang</foreignphrase>) is placed alter the verb here, rather than in
  3867. its usual place before the verb. When the location tells where the result of
  3868. the activity is supposed to end up, that location phrase may appear after
  3869. the verb (a position where other “results” also show up). Compare these two
  3870. sentences: <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  3871. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  3872. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  3873. <tbody>
  3874. <row>
  3875. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài
  3876. zhuōzishang xiě zì.</foreignphrase></entry>
  3877. </row>
  3878. <row>
  3879. <entry/>
  3880. </row>
  3881. <row>
  3882. <entry>Write (with paper) on the desk.</entry>
  3883. </row>
  3884. <row>
  3885. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bú yào xiě
  3886. zai zhuōzishang!</foreignphrase></entry>
  3887. </row>
  3888. <row>
  3889. <entry/>
  3890. </row>
  3891. <row>
  3892. <entry>Don't write on the desk! (Said to a child making
  3893. marks on the table.)</entry>
  3894. </row>
  3895. </tbody>
  3896. </tgroup>
  3897. </informaltable></para>
  3898. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fùnǚ</foreignphrase>: “women,
  3899. womankind” This the term for “women” in the general sense. The term
  3900. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǚrén</foreignphrase> is less
  3901. polite and more biological: “female.” (in Taiwan, <foreignphrase
  3902. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fùnǚ</foreignphrase> refers only to married
  3903. women. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǚde</foreignphrase> may be
  3904. used for “women, woman. ”)</para>
  3905. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zhīdao hěn duō Zhōngguo fùnǚ
  3906. bú dài shǒushi, suóyi wǒ yě méi dài shǒushi lái</foreignphrase>: The
  3907. first verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase>
  3908. means “to wear,” and the second verb <foreignphrase
  3909. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase> is “to bring with
  3910. one.”</para>
  3911. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǎ xiāngzi dǎkai gěi wo
  3912. kànkan</foreignphrase>: “open the suitcase for me to take a look” or
  3913. “open the suitcase and let me take a look.” You have learned <foreignphrase
  3914. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase> as a main verb “to give”
  3915. and as a prepositional verb meaning “for” (<foreignphrase
  3916. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng ni gěi wo huànhuan</foreignphrase>,
  3917. “Please change it for me”). In Reference List sentence No. 9 you see
  3918. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase> used in a
  3919. longer type of sentence. Compare the following examples:<informaltable
  3920. frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  3921. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  3922. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  3923. <tbody>
  3924. <row>
  3925. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǎ xiāngzi
  3926. dǎkai gěi wǒ kànkan</foreignphrase></entry>
  3927. </row>
  3928. <row>
  3929. <entry/>
  3930. </row>
  3931. <row>
  3932. <entry>open the suitcase for me to take a look</entry>
  3933. </row>
  3934. <row>
  3935. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niàn gěi
  3936. wǒmen tīngting</foreignphrase></entry>
  3937. </row>
  3938. <row>
  3939. <entry/>
  3940. </row>
  3941. <row>
  3942. <entry>read it aloud for us to listen</entry>
  3943. </row>
  3944. <row>
  3945. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎi nèidǐng
  3946. màozi gěi tā dài</foreignphrase></entry>
  3947. </row>
  3948. <row>
  3949. <entry/>
  3950. </row>
  3951. <row>
  3952. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎi nèidǐng
  3953. màozi gěi tā dài</foreignphrase></entry>
  3954. </row>
  3955. <row>
  3956. <entry/>
  3957. </row>
  3958. <row>
  3959. <entry>buy that hat to give it to me</entry>
  3960. </row>
  3961. <row>
  3962. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò nèige
  3963. diǎnxīn gěi háizi chī</foreignphrase></entry>
  3964. </row>
  3965. <row>
  3966. <entry/>
  3967. </row>
  3968. <row>
  3969. <entry>make that pastry for the child to eat</entry>
  3970. </row>
  3971. </tbody>
  3972. </tgroup>
  3973. </informaltable></para>
  3974. <para>When <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase> comes
  3975. after the verb, it can mean either “to give” or “for, let.” For example,
  3976. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bǎ nèiběn shǔ náchulai gěi wo
  3977. kànkan</foreignphrase> could mean either “Take out the book and
  3978. (actually) give it to me to look at,” OR “Take out the book for me to see
  3979. (show it to me, not necessarily hand it to me).” The context will help you
  3980. decide which is meant; often, only one will make sense.</para>
  3981. <para>CAUTION: Although <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3982. >gěi</foreignphrase> is sometimes idiomatically translated as “to let,”
  3983. you should not take this to mean that English “to let” may always be
  3984. translated into Chinese with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3985. >gěi</foreignphrase>. There is a very limited correspondence between
  3986. “let” and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase>.
  3987. Usually you will translate “to let” as <foreignphrase
  3988. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ràng</foreignphrase>, which is introduced in
  3989. Unit 6, Part III, of this module.</para>
  3990. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Méi shì le</foreignphrase>:
  3991. “Everything is all right now” OR “There's no further business.” Here, this
  3992. means “Now that I've looked over your suitcase I find that there isn't
  3993. anything further we need to take up.”</para>
  3994. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùbeihǎo le</foreignphrase>:
  3995. “prepared” You have already learned the word <foreignphrase
  3996. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhǔnbèi</foreignphrase>, “to prepare, to get
  3997. ready” or “to plan to.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  3998. >Yùbei</foreignphrase> is a close synonym. <foreignphrase
  3999. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yùbeihǎo</foreignphrase> or <foreignphrase
  4000. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhùnbèihǎo</foreignphrase> both mean “to get
  4001. all ready.” The ending <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  4002. >-hǎo</foreignphrase> on certain verbs indicates bringing something to a
  4003. satisfactory conclusion.</para>
  4004. </section>
  4005. <section>
  4006. <title>First Dialogue for Part 1</title>
  4007. <para>An American woman is going through customs in <foreignphrase
  4008. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Guǎngzhōu</foreignphrase> (Canton).</para>
  4009. <para/>
  4010. </section>
  4011. <section>
  4012. <title>Second Dialogue for part 1</title>
  4013. <para>A Chinese couple in Taipei are talking just before the husband is to leave
  4014. on a trip.</para>
  4015. <para/>
  4016. </section>
  4017. <section>
  4018. <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
  4019. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhào xiàng</foreignphrase>: “to
  4020. take photographs” (WLF 6)</para>
  4021. </section>
  4022. </section>
  4023. <section>
  4024. <title>Part 2</title>
  4025. <section>
  4026. <title>Reference List</title>
  4027. <para/>
  4028. </section>
  4029. <section>
  4030. <title>Reference Notes for Part 2</title>
  4031. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngyù</foreignphrase>:
  4032. “apartment building,” literally “public residence” In the PRC, the word
  4033. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngyù</foreignphrase> is
  4034. seldom used (only in the names of some buildings, and in technical
  4035. contexts), but in Taiwan it is widely used. “Apartment building” may be
  4036. translated as either <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  4037. >gōngyù</foreignphrase> or <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  4038. >gōngyùlōu</foreignphrase>. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  4039. >Gōngyù</foreignphrase> is sometimes used for an
  4040. “apartment.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  4041. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  4042. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  4043. <tbody>
  4044. <row>
  4045. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐmende
  4046. gōngyù yǒu jǐjiān fángjiān?</foreignphrase></entry>
  4047. </row>
  4048. <row>
  4049. <entry/>
  4050. </row>
  4051. <row>
  4052. <entry>How many rooms does your apartment have?</entry>
  4053. </row>
  4054. </tbody>
  4055. </tgroup>
  4056. </informaltable></para>
  4057. <para>But you would use <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  4058. >dānyuán</foreignphrase>, “unit,” not <foreignphrase
  4059. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngyù</foreignphrase>, for “apartment”
  4060. in:</para>
  4061. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige gōngyùlóu yǒu duōshao
  4062. dānyuán?</foreignphrase> How many apartments are there in this apartment
  4063. building?</para>
  4064. <para>Although an apartment-dweller will usually refer in English to his
  4065. “apartment,” in everyday conversation, Chinese usually just speak of their
  4066. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fángzi</foreignphrase>. In
  4067. other words, any type of residence—house or apartment—can be called a
  4068. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fángzi</foreignphrase>. Use
  4069. the word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngyù</foreignphrase>
  4070. when you need to distinguish clearly between “apartment” and “house.</para>
  4071. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-jiǎn</foreignphrase>: This is
  4072. the counter for rooms. Don't confuse it with the falling tone
  4073. -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiàn</foreignphrase>, the
  4074. counter for articles of clothing, which you learned in WLF 2.</para>
  4075. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase>: This is the
  4076. verb you learned meaning “to bring (along), to take (along).” Here it is
  4077. used with the extended meaning of “to take” or “lead” someone to a
  4078. place.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  4079. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  4080. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  4081. <tbody>
  4082. <row>
  4083. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ dài ni
  4084. qù.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4085. </row>
  4086. <row>
  4087. <entry/>
  4088. </row>
  4089. <row>
  4090. <entry>I'll take you there.</entry>
  4091. </row>
  4092. <row>
  4093. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiàwu qǐng
  4094. ni dài háizi dào gōngyuán qu
  4095. wánr.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4096. </row>
  4097. <row>
  4098. <entry/>
  4099. </row>
  4100. <row>
  4101. <entry>In the afternoon, please take the children to the
  4102. park to play.</entry>
  4103. </row>
  4104. </tbody>
  4105. </tgroup>
  4106. </informaltable></para>
  4107. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zūchuqu</foreignphrase>: “to
  4108. rent out” The verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  4109. >zū</foreignphrase> by itself means “to rent” in the opposite direction,
  4110. that is, to rent something from the owner. Contrast:<informaltable
  4111. frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  4112. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  4113. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  4114. <tbody>
  4115. <row>
  4116. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ bǎ
  4117. fángzi zūchuqu le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4118. </row>
  4119. <row>
  4120. <entry/>
  4121. </row>
  4122. <row>
  4123. <entry>I rented out the house.</entry>
  4124. </row>
  4125. <row>
  4126. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zūle
  4127. yige fángzi.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4128. </row>
  4129. <row>
  4130. <entry/>
  4131. </row>
  4132. <row>
  4133. <entry>I rented a house (to live in).</entry>
  4134. </row>
  4135. </tbody>
  4136. </tgroup>
  4137. </informaltable></para>
  4138. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kètīng</foreignphrase>: “living
  4139. room,” literally, “guest-hall.”</para>
  4140. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dào kètīng zuò
  4141. yíxià</foreignphrase>: “go to the living room and sit a while” This is
  4142. roughly the equivalent of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dào
  4143. kètīng qù zuò yíxià</foreignphrase>. The verb <foreignphrase
  4144. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qù</foreignphrase> is sometimes omitted after
  4145. a <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dào</foreignphrase> phrase when
  4146. the meaning of “go” does not need to be emphasized.</para>
  4147. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hē chá</foreignphrase>: “to
  4148. drink tea” This is not an involved ritual as the Japanese have, but it is
  4149. not simply the taking of a beverage, either. <foreignphrase
  4150. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hē chá</foreignphrase>, in a social setting
  4151. means talking and relaxing while sipping tea. Books have been written on tea
  4152. in China, its social significance, and the art of serving it. We cannot do
  4153. justice to the topic in this small note. Let us just leave you with two
  4154. tips:</para>
  4155. <orderedlist>
  4156. <listitem>
  4157. <para>Except with close friends, don't turn down a cup of tea when
  4158. offered. It is as much a gesture of friendship and a means of
  4159. communication as it is a beverage.</para>
  4160. </listitem>
  4161. <listitem>
  4162. <para>Don't ask for sugar, lemon or milk. Unless you are in a restaurant
  4163. ordering it, lemon and milk will most likely be unavailable. It is a
  4164. double embarrassment to your host, who may not keep lemon and milk
  4165. on hand, and who hates to see someone defile the good taste of pure
  4166. tea.</para>
  4167. </listitem>
  4168. </orderedlist>
  4169. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hǎoxiàng</foreignphrase>: “to
  4170. seem, it seems as if” Use this word as an adverb, placing it before the verb
  4171. phrase.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  4172. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  4173. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  4174. <tbody>
  4175. <row>
  4176. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā hǎoxiàng
  4177. bù dong.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4178. </row>
  4179. <row>
  4180. <entry/>
  4181. </row>
  4182. <row>
  4183. <entry>He seemed not to understand. OR He didn't seem to
  4184. understand.</entry>
  4185. </row>
  4186. <row>
  4187. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ hǎoxiàng
  4188. bú tài xǐhuan zhèige fāngzi.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4189. </row>
  4190. <row>
  4191. <entry/>
  4192. </row>
  4193. <row>
  4194. <entry>You don't seem to like this house too much.</entry>
  4195. </row>
  4196. <row>
  4197. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ hǎoxiàng
  4198. zài xiǎng shénme shì.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4199. </row>
  4200. <row>
  4201. <entry/>
  4202. </row>
  4203. <row>
  4204. <entry>You seem to be thinking about something.</entry>
  4205. </row>
  4206. <row>
  4207. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā gēge
  4208. hǎoxiàng chángcháng shēng
  4209. bìng.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4210. </row>
  4211. <row>
  4212. <entry/>
  4213. </row>
  4214. <row>
  4215. <entry>His older brother seems to get sick very
  4216. often.</entry>
  4217. </row>
  4218. </tbody>
  4219. </tgroup>
  4220. </informaltable></para>
  4221. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hǎoxiàng</foreignphrase> is
  4222. sometimes used merely to express that the speaker thinks a situation is so,
  4223. but cannot confirm his suspicion. In such sentences, <foreignphrase
  4224. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hǎoxiàng</foreignphrase> is best translated
  4225. as “it seems to me that ...”or “I think ...” or “I seem to remember ... .”
  4226. Notice that the word order in Chinese stays the same.<informaltable
  4227. frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  4228. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  4229. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  4230. <tbody>
  4231. <row>
  4232. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ hǎoxiàng
  4233. zài nǎr kànjianguo zhèige
  4234. zì.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4235. </row>
  4236. <row>
  4237. <entry/>
  4238. </row>
  4239. <row>
  4240. <entry>It seems to me I've seen this character somewhere
  4241. before.</entry>
  4242. </row>
  4243. <row>
  4244. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ hǎoxiàng
  4245. gàosuguo wo zhèijiàn
  4246. shìqing.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4247. </row>
  4248. <row>
  4249. <entry/>
  4250. </row>
  4251. <row>
  4252. <entry>I seem to remember your telling me about this
  4253. before.</entry>
  4254. </row>
  4255. <row>
  4256. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài nèige
  4257. shíhou, tā hǎoxiàng hái zhù zài
  4258. Jiāzhōu.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4259. </row>
  4260. <row>
  4261. <entry/>
  4262. </row>
  4263. <row>
  4264. <entry>At that time, he was still living in California, I
  4265. think.</entry>
  4266. </row>
  4267. <row>
  4268. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Měiguo
  4269. hǎoxiàng méiyou zhèige duì bu
  4270. dui?</foreignphrase></entry>
  4271. </row>
  4272. <row>
  4273. <entry/>
  4274. </row>
  4275. <row>
  4276. <entry>It seems to me you don't have this in America, do
  4277. you?</entry>
  4278. </row>
  4279. </tbody>
  4280. </tgroup>
  4281. </informaltable></para>
  4282. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎo wèishēng</foreignphrase>:
  4283. “to. clean,” literally “to do sanitation” This is an expression used in the
  4284. PRC. The verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎo</foreignphrase>,
  4285. “to do,” originally a word found in southern dialects of Mandarin Chinese,
  4286. is now widely used in Standard Chinese, even in <foreignphrase
  4287. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>. In Taiwan,
  4288. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎo</foreignphrase> does not
  4289. have as wide a usage as in the PRC, where many new expressions have been
  4290. created since 1949 using this verb.</para>
  4291. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">máfan</foreignphrase>: “to be
  4292. troublesome, to be a nuisance, to be inconvenient” In the Money module, you
  4293. learned the verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  4294. >máfan</foreignphrase> for “to bother, to inconvenience (someone),” as
  4295. in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Máfan nǐ le</foreignphrase>,
  4296. “Sorry to trouble you.” Here you learn <foreignphrase
  4297. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">máfan</foreignphrase> as an adjectival
  4298. verb.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  4299. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  4300. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  4301. <tbody>
  4302. <row>
  4303. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nà tài
  4304. máfan le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4305. </row>
  4306. <row>
  4307. <entry/>
  4308. </row>
  4309. <row>
  4310. <entry>That's too much trouble.</entry>
  4311. </row>
  4312. <row>
  4313. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhēn
  4314. máfan.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4315. </row>
  4316. <row>
  4317. <entry/>
  4318. </row>
  4319. <row>
  4320. <entry>What a bother.</entry>
  4321. </row>
  4322. </tbody>
  4323. </tgroup>
  4324. </informaltable></para>
  4325. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">píngcháng</foreignphrase>:
  4326. “usually, generally, ordinarily” Like other two-syllable time words,
  4327. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">píngcháng</foreignphrase> may
  4328. come before or after the subject, but always before the verb.</para>
  4329. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Píngcháng wǒmen dōu zài kètīng
  4330. kàn diànshì.</foreignphrase> We usually watch television in the living
  4331. room.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  4332. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  4333. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  4334. <tbody>
  4335. <row>
  4336. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmen
  4337. píngcháng dōu zài kètíng kàn
  4338. diànshì.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4339. </row>
  4340. <row>
  4341. <entry/>
  4342. </row>
  4343. <row>
  4344. <entry>We usually watch television in the living
  4345. room.</entry>
  4346. </row>
  4347. <row>
  4348. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
  4349. píngcháng jiǔdiǎn zhōng cái xià
  4350. ban.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4351. </row>
  4352. <row>
  4353. <entry/>
  4354. </row>
  4355. <row>
  4356. <entry>I don't usually get off work until nine
  4357. o'clock.</entry>
  4358. </row>
  4359. </tbody>
  4360. </tgroup>
  4361. </informaltable></para>
  4362. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shōushi</foreignphrase>: “to
  4363. straighten up, to tidy up (a place)” or “to put away, to put in order, to
  4364. clear away (things).” Use <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  4365. >shōushi</foreignphrase> when you're talking about neatening up a place,
  4366. use <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎo wèishēng</foreignphrase>
  4367. when you're talking about soap and water cleaning in the PRC [and
  4368. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎo qingjié
  4369. </foreignphrase>“to (soap and water) clean” in Taiwan].<informaltable
  4370. frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  4371. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  4372. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  4373. <tbody>
  4374. <row>
  4375. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā hǎoxiàng
  4376. yǒu bànnián méi shōushi wūzi
  4377. le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4378. </row>
  4379. <row>
  4380. <entry/>
  4381. </row>
  4382. <row>
  4383. <entry>It looks as if he hasn't picked up his place in half
  4384. a year.</entry>
  4385. </row>
  4386. <row>
  4387. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ kuài
  4388. yìdiǎnr shōushi xíngli, wǒmen yào zǒu
  4389. le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4390. </row>
  4391. <row>
  4392. <entry/>
  4393. </row>
  4394. <row>
  4395. <entry>Pack your things quickly, we want to leave.</entry>
  4396. </row>
  4397. </tbody>
  4398. </tgroup>
  4399. </informaltable></para>
  4400. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wūzi</foreignphrase> and
  4401. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fángjiān</foreignphrase>: Both
  4402. of these words means “room, chamber.” <foreignphrase
  4403. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wūzi</foreignphrase> is seldom used in
  4404. Taiwan, however. For rooms in public places, like hotels, use <foreignphrase
  4405. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fángjiān</foreignphrase> rather than
  4406. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wūzi</foreignphrase>.</para>
  4407. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fàntīng</foreignphrase>: “dining
  4408. room,” literally “meal-hall.”</para>
  4409. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī fàn</foreignphrase>: “to
  4410. eat,” literally “eat food.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  4411. >Fàn</foreignphrase> is literally, “cooked rice,” but in the expression
  4412. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī fàn</foreignphrase> it
  4413. refers to food in general or a meal. This is another example of a verb plus
  4414. general object, like <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niàn
  4415. shū</foreignphrase>, “to study” or <foreignphrase
  4416. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuō huà</foreignphrase> “to speak.” (See
  4417. BIO, Unit 7.) This verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  4418. >chī</foreignphrase> may, of course, be followed by a specific object
  4419. such as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">píngguǒ</foreignphrase>,
  4420. “apples,” as in:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  4421. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  4422. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  4423. <tbody>
  4424. <row>
  4425. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ chīle
  4426. yíge píngguǒ.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4427. </row>
  4428. <row>
  4429. <entry/>
  4430. </row>
  4431. <row>
  4432. <entry>I ate an apple.</entry>
  4433. </row>
  4434. </tbody>
  4435. </tgroup>
  4436. </informaltable></para>
  4437. <para>But if you mean “eat” in the sense of “to eat food” or “to have a meal,”
  4438. then you should use the general object <foreignphrase
  4439. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fàn</foreignphrase>:<informaltable
  4440. frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  4441. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  4442. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  4443. <tbody>
  4444. <row>
  4445. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ chī fàn
  4446. le méiyou?</foreignphrase></entry>
  4447. </row>
  4448. <row>
  4449. <entry/>
  4450. </row>
  4451. <row>
  4452. <entry>Have you eaten? (Have you eaten a meal?)</entry>
  4453. </row>
  4454. <row>
  4455. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zuì ài
  4456. chī fàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4457. </row>
  4458. <row>
  4459. <entry/>
  4460. </row>
  4461. <row>
  4462. <entry>He loves to eat most of all.</entry>
  4463. </row>
  4464. </tbody>
  4465. </tgroup>
  4466. </informaltable></para>
  4467. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò fàn</foreignphrase>: “to
  4468. cook,” literally “to make food.” This is another verb general object
  4469. combination. As with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī
  4470. fàn</foreignphrase>, the verb alone may be used with more specific
  4471. objects.</para>
  4472. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chúfáng</foreignphrase>:
  4473. “kitchen,” literally “kitchen-room.”</para>
  4474. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐzǎofáng</foreignphrase>:
  4475. “bathroom” This is a room for taking a bath, and not necessarily a room with
  4476. a toilet. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xǐzǎo</foreignphrase>,
  4477. which is introduced in Part III of this unit, means “to take a bath.”
  4478. Remember, if you want to ask where there is a toilet, ask for the
  4479. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cèsuǒ</foreignphrase>,
  4480. “toilet;” or use the polite Westernized term, <foreignphrase
  4481. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐshǒujiān</foreignphrase>, “washroom.” In
  4482. rural areas, you would ask where the <foreignphrase
  4483. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cèsuǒ</foreignphrase> is.</para>
  4484. <para>In Taiwan, modern houses and apartments usually have the toilet in the
  4485. same room as the bathtub. In the PRC, apartment buildings built during the
  4486. 1950's may have a room with a bathtub in the apartment. Apartment buildings
  4487. built since then usually only include a toilet and sink in each apartment,
  4488. and no bathtub.</para>
  4489. <para>You should usually lower your voice to ask where the bathroom is. Many
  4490. people even consider it polite to put one's hand in front of the mouth when
  4491. asking <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Cèsuǒ zài
  4492. náli?</foreignphrase> Another polite way to ask is <foreignphrase
  4493. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ keyi yòng yixià nǐmende cèsuǒ ma?
  4494. </foreignphrase>“May I use your toilet?”</para>
  4495. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūfáng</foreignphrase>:
  4496. “study,” literally “book-room.”</para>
  4497. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wòfáng</foreignphrase>:
  4498. “bedroom,” literally “sleeping-room.” <foreignphrase
  4499. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wòfáng</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
  4500. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wòshì</foreignphrase> are both used for
  4501. “bedroom.”</para>
  4502. </section>
  4503. <section>
  4504. <title>First Dialogue for Part 2</title>
  4505. <para>A Chinese woman (Fl) has been invited to dinner at the home of an American
  4506. couple in Taipei.</para>
  4507. <para/>
  4508. </section>
  4509. <section>
  4510. <title>Note after the Dialogue</title>
  4511. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xiānshēng yǒu shì dào
  4512. Táizhōng qu le:</foreignphrase> “My husband has gone to T'aichung on
  4513. business.” More literally, “My husband had some business and went to
  4514. T'aichung.”</para>
  4515. </section>
  4516. <section>
  4517. <title>Second Dialogue for Part 2</title>
  4518. <para>An American man (M) is talking with a Chinese women (F) in Běijīng.</para>
  4519. <para/>
  4520. </section>
  4521. <section>
  4522. <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
  4523. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hái kéyi</foreignphrase>:
  4524. Literally “still okay,” this phrase actually means “isn't too bad.”</para>
  4525. </section>
  4526. </section>
  4527. <section>
  4528. <title>Part 3</title>
  4529. <section>
  4530. <title>Reference List</title>
  4531. <para/>
  4532. </section>
  4533. <section>
  4534. <title>Reference Notes for Part 3</title>
  4535. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐng</foreignphrase>: “to wake
  4536. up” This is a process verb. It describes the change from sleep or
  4537. unconsciousness to waking or consciousness: “to become awake, to become
  4538. conscious, to become sober.” In completed affirmative sentences, you will
  4539. see the marker le; in negative sentences you will see <foreignphrase
  4540. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méi</foreignphrase> (not <foreignphrase
  4541. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bù</foreignphrase> — this is not a state
  4542. verb. Some of the quirks you faced with a verb like <foreignphrase
  4543. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bìng</foreignphrase> “to get sick,” not “to
  4544. be sick”), you also face here. When you are thinking in English of “He IS
  4545. NOT awake,” you should think “He HAS NOT awakened” in Chinese.<informaltable
  4546. frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  4547. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  4548. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  4549. <tbody>
  4550. <row>
  4551. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā xǐngle
  4552. méiyou?</foreignphrase></entry>
  4553. </row>
  4554. <row>
  4555. <entry/>
  4556. </row>
  4557. <row>
  4558. <entry>Did he wake up? OR Is he awake yet?</entry>
  4559. </row>
  4560. <row>
  4561. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā hái méi
  4562. xǐng.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4563. </row>
  4564. <row>
  4565. <entry/>
  4566. </row>
  4567. <row>
  4568. <entry>He is not awake yet.</entry>
  4569. </row>
  4570. </tbody>
  4571. </tgroup>
  4572. </informaltable></para>
  4573. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiào</foreignphrase>: “to ask,
  4574. to order, to tell (someone to do something)” This is a prepositional verb,
  4575. which means that it and its object precede the verb.<informaltable
  4576. frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  4577. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  4578. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  4579. <tbody>
  4580. <row>
  4581. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fùqin jiào
  4582. hàizimen huílai.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4583. </row>
  4584. <row>
  4585. <entry/>
  4586. </row>
  4587. <row>
  4588. <entry>The father told the children to come back.</entry>
  4589. </row>
  4590. <row>
  4591. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ jiào ta
  4592. guòlai.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4593. </row>
  4594. <row>
  4595. <entry/>
  4596. </row>
  4597. <row>
  4598. <entry>Ask him to come over.</entry>
  4599. </row>
  4600. </tbody>
  4601. </tgroup>
  4602. </informaltable></para>
  4603. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuì jiào</foreignphrase>: “to
  4604. sleep, to go to bed”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  4605. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  4606. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  4607. <tbody>
  4608. <row>
  4609. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā bādiǎn
  4610. zhōng jiù shuì jiào le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4611. </row>
  4612. <row>
  4613. <entry/>
  4614. </row>
  4615. <row>
  4616. <entry>He went to bed at eight o'clock (already).</entry>
  4617. </row>
  4618. <row>
  4619. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ jǐdiǎn
  4620. zhōng shuì jiào?</foreignphrase></entry>
  4621. </row>
  4622. <row>
  4623. <entry/>
  4624. </row>
  4625. <row>
  4626. <entry>What time do you go to bed?</entry>
  4627. </row>
  4628. <row>
  4629. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā měitiān
  4630. shuì bāge zhōngtóu.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4631. </row>
  4632. <row>
  4633. <entry/>
  4634. </row>
  4635. <row>
  4636. <entry>He sleeps eight hours a night.</entry>
  4637. </row>
  4638. <row>
  4639. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ shuìde
  4640. hǎo bu hǎo?</foreignphrase></entry>
  4641. </row>
  4642. <row>
  4643. <entry/>
  4644. </row>
  4645. <row>
  4646. <entry>Did you sleep well?</entry>
  4647. </row>
  4648. <row>
  4649. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ
  4650. shuìhǎole ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
  4651. </row>
  4652. <row>
  4653. <entry/>
  4654. </row>
  4655. <row>
  4656. <entry>Did you sleep well? OR Have you finished
  4657. sleeping?</entry>
  4658. </row>
  4659. </tbody>
  4660. </tgroup>
  4661. </informaltable></para>
  4662. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuā yá</foreignphrase>: “to
  4663. brush teeth” Besides brushing teeth, you can <foreignphrase
  4664. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuā yǐfu</foreignphrase>, “brush clothes,”
  4665. and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuā xié</foreignphrase>,
  4666. “brush (off) shoes.” Do not use <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  4667. >shuā</foreignphrase> for use for brushing hair, however [see
  4668. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shū tóu</foreignphrase> “to
  4669. comb or brush one's hair”, WLF, Unit 3)]. [The noun for a “brush” is
  4670. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  4671. >shuāzi</foreignphrase>.J</para>
  4672. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niúnǎi</foreignphrase>:
  4673. Literally, “cow-milk,” and used only to refer to cow's milk. The word
  4674. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǎi</foreignphrase> by itself
  4675. does not specify the kind of milk.</para>
  4676. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bào</foreignphrase>: “to
  4677. embrace, to hug” people, or “to hold in one's arms” a child, package,
  4678. etc.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  4679. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  4680. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  4681. <tbody>
  4682. <row>
  4683. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Lái, baba
  4684. gěi ni bàobao.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4685. </row>
  4686. <row>
  4687. <entry/>
  4688. </row>
  4689. <row>
  4690. <entry>Come, papa will hold you. (said to child as he is
  4691. handed from mother to father)</entry>
  4692. </row>
  4693. </tbody>
  4694. </tgroup>
  4695. </informaltable></para>
  4696. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Āyí</foreignphrase>: “auntie”
  4697. This is a term of address used by children for friends of the family, not
  4698. blood relatives.</para>
  4699. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuì wǔjiào</foreignphrase>: “to
  4700. take an afternoon nap,” literally, “sleep noon-nap.” The <foreignphrase
  4701. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wǔjiào</foreignphrase>, a nap after lunch, is
  4702. very popular in China. Many institutions, factories, and schools give time
  4703. off every day for this purpose.</para>
  4704. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǎo</foreignphrase>: “to heat,
  4705. to cook” (Another meaning is “to burn.”) Since the verb <foreignphrase
  4706. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǎo</foreignphrase> by itself means to put
  4707. heat to something, a resultative ending is needed when you want to indicate
  4708. “boiling” or “heated up.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  4709. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  4710. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  4711. <tbody>
  4712. <row>
  4713. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ qù shāo
  4714. diǎnr shuǐ.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4715. </row>
  4716. <row>
  4717. <entry/>
  4718. </row>
  4719. <row>
  4720. <entry>I'll go put some water on (the stove).</entry>
  4721. </row>
  4722. </tbody>
  4723. </tgroup>
  4724. </informaltable></para>
  4725. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Rè shuǐ shāohǎo
  4726. le</foreignphrase>. The hot water has been heated up.<informaltable
  4727. frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  4728. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  4729. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  4730. <tbody>
  4731. <row>
  4732. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shuǐ yǐjīng
  4733. shāokāi le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  4734. </row>
  4735. <row>
  4736. <entry/>
  4737. </row>
  4738. <row>
  4739. <entry>The water is already boiling.</entry>
  4740. </row>
  4741. </tbody>
  4742. </tgroup>
  4743. </informaltable></para>
  4744. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎlù</foreignphrase>: “paved
  4745. road.” This is the word usually used for paved city streets. <foreignphrase
  4746. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Mǎlù</foreignphrase> is literally
  4747. “horse-road,” that is, a road on which horses and people can go. A theory
  4748. has also been advanced that the <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  4749. >mǎ</foreignphrase> is a transliteration of the first syllable of
  4750. “macadam” (a road made with layers of rolled broken stones, with a tar or
  4751. asphalt base).</para>
  4752. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎoxīn</foreignphrase>: “to be
  4753. careful,” literally “small-heart.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
  4754. colsep="1">
  4755. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  4756. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  4757. <tbody>
  4758. <row>
  4759. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">É, xiǎoxīn
  4760. diǎnr!</foreignphrase></entry>
  4761. </row>
  4762. <row>
  4763. <entry/>
  4764. </row>
  4765. <row>
  4766. <entry>Hey, be a little more careful!</entry>
  4767. </row>
  4768. </tbody>
  4769. </tgroup>
  4770. </informaltable></para>
  4771. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūshu</foreignphrase>: “uncle”
  4772. This is a term of affection used by children for older male friends of the
  4773. family.</para>
  4774. </section>
  4775. <section>
  4776. <title>First Dialogue for Part 3</title>
  4777. <para>A Canadian woman (A) is talking to her new maid (C) in <foreignphrase
  4778. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>.</para>
  4779. <para/>
  4780. </section>
  4781. <section>
  4782. <title>Second Dialogue for Part 3</title>
  4783. <para>In Taipei on a Sunday afternoon, a young mother (<foreignphrase
  4784. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Huìmǐn</foreignphrase>) and father
  4785. (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tíngsōng</foreignphrase>) are
  4786. at home:</para>
  4787. <para/>
  4788. </section>
  4789. <section>
  4790. <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
  4791. <para>“<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tíng</foreignphrase>” is the
  4792. wife's affectionate abbreviation of her husband's name, <foreignphrase
  4793. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tíngsōng</foreignphrase>.</para>
  4794. <para>
  4795. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">è</foreignphrase>: “to be
  4796. hungry”</para>
  4797. </section>
  4798. </section>
  4799. </section>
  4800. <section>
  4801. <title>Vocabulary</title>
  4802. <para>
  4803. <informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
  4804. <tgroup cols="3">
  4805. <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  4806. <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  4807. <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
  4808. <tbody>
  4809. <row>
  4810. <entry>
  4811. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Āyí</foreignphrase>
  4812. </entry>
  4813. <entry>
  4814. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">阿姨</foreignphrase>
  4815. </entry>
  4816. <entry>
  4817. auntie
  4818. </entry>
  4819. </row>
  4820. <row>
  4821. <entry>
  4822. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bào</foreignphrase>
  4823. </entry>
  4824. <entry>
  4825. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">抱</foreignphrase>
  4826. </entry>
  4827. <entry>
  4828. to hold, to embrace
  4829. </entry>
  4830. </row>
  4831. <row>
  4832. <entry>
  4833. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chá</foreignphrase>
  4834. </entry>
  4835. <entry>
  4836. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">茶</foreignphrase>
  4837. </entry>
  4838. <entry>
  4839. tea
  4840. </entry>
  4841. </row>
  4842. <row>
  4843. <entry>
  4844. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī fàn</foreignphrase>
  4845. </entry>
  4846. <entry>
  4847. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">吃饭</foreignphrase>
  4848. </entry>
  4849. <entry>
  4850. to eat
  4851. </entry>
  4852. </row>
  4853. <row>
  4854. <entry>
  4855. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chúfáng</foreignphrase>
  4856. </entry>
  4857. <entry>
  4858. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">厨房</foreignphrase>
  4859. </entry>
  4860. <entry>
  4861. kitchen
  4862. </entry>
  4863. </row>
  4864. <row>
  4865. <entry>
  4866. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase>
  4867. </entry>
  4868. <entry>
  4869. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">带</foreignphrase>
  4870. </entry>
  4871. <entry>
  4872. to bring, to take with one
  4873. </entry>
  4874. </row>
  4875. <row>
  4876. <entry>
  4877. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase>
  4878. </entry>
  4879. <entry>
  4880. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">带</foreignphrase>
  4881. </entry>
  4882. <entry>
  4883. to lead, to take
  4884. </entry>
  4885. </row>
  4886. <row>
  4887. <entry>
  4888. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dǎkai</foreignphrase>
  4889. </entry>
  4890. <entry>
  4891. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">打开</foreignphrase>
  4892. </entry>
  4893. <entry>
  4894. to open
  4895. </entry>
  4896. </row>
  4897. <row>
  4898. <entry>
  4899. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fángjiān</foreignphrase>
  4900. </entry>
  4901. <entry>
  4902. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">房间</foreignphrase>
  4903. </entry>
  4904. <entry>
  4905. room
  4906. </entry>
  4907. </row>
  4908. <row>
  4909. <entry>
  4910. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fàntīng</foreignphrase>
  4911. </entry>
  4912. <entry>
  4913. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">饭厅</foreignphrase>
  4914. </entry>
  4915. <entry>
  4916. dining room
  4917. </entry>
  4918. </row>
  4919. <row>
  4920. <entry>
  4921. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fùnü</foreignphrase>
  4922. </entry>
  4923. <entry>
  4924. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">妇女</foreignphrase>
  4925. </entry>
  4926. <entry>
  4927. women
  4928. </entry>
  4929. </row>
  4930. <row>
  4931. <entry>
  4932. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎo</foreignphrase>
  4933. </entry>
  4934. <entry>
  4935. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">搞</foreignphrase>
  4936. </entry>
  4937. <entry>
  4938. to do, to engage in
  4939. </entry>
  4940. </row>
  4941. <row>
  4942. <entry>
  4943. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎo wèishēng</foreignphrase>
  4944. </entry>
  4945. <entry>
  4946. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">搞卫生</foreignphrase>
  4947. </entry>
  4948. <entry>
  4949. to do cleaning
  4950. </entry>
  4951. </row>
  4952. <row>
  4953. <entry>
  4954. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngyù</foreignphrase>
  4955. </entry>
  4956. <entry>
  4957. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">公寓</foreignphrase>
  4958. </entry>
  4959. <entry>
  4960. apartment building; apartment
  4961. </entry>
  4962. </row>
  4963. <row>
  4964. <entry>
  4965. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngyùlóu</foreignphrase>
  4966. </entry>
  4967. <entry>
  4968. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">公寓楼</foreignphrase>
  4969. </entry>
  4970. <entry>
  4971. apartment building
  4972. </entry>
  4973. </row>
  4974. <row>
  4975. <entry>
  4976. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hǎoxiàng</foreignphrase>
  4977. </entry>
  4978. <entry>
  4979. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">好像</foreignphrase>
  4980. </entry>
  4981. <entry>
  4982. to seem (to be), to appear that
  4983. </entry>
  4984. </row>
  4985. <row>
  4986. <entry>
  4987. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hē</foreignphrase>
  4988. </entry>
  4989. <entry>
  4990. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">喝</foreignphrase>
  4991. </entry>
  4992. <entry>
  4993. to drink
  4994. </entry>
  4995. </row>
  4996. <row>
  4997. <entry>
  4998. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-jiān</foreignphrase>
  4999. </entry>
  5000. <entry>
  5001. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">-间</foreignphrase>
  5002. </entry>
  5003. <entry>
  5004. (counter for rooms)
  5005. </entry>
  5006. </row>
  5007. <row>
  5008. <entry>
  5009. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiào</foreignphrase>
  5010. </entry>
  5011. <entry>
  5012. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">叫</foreignphrase>
  5013. </entry>
  5014. <entry>
  5015. to tell/ask (someone to do something)
  5016. </entry>
  5017. </row>
  5018. <row>
  5019. <entry>
  5020. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-juǎn</foreignphrase>
  5021. </entry>
  5022. <entry>
  5023. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">卷</foreignphrase>
  5024. </entry>
  5025. <entry>
  5026. reel (of recording tape); to curl, to roll up
  5027. </entry>
  5028. </row>
  5029. <row>
  5030. <entry>
  5031. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kètīng</foreignphrase>
  5032. </entry>
  5033. <entry>
  5034. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">客厅</foreignphrase>
  5035. </entry>
  5036. <entry>
  5037. living room
  5038. </entry>
  5039. </row>
  5040. <row>
  5041. <entry>
  5042. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kǒudài</foreignphrase>
  5043. </entry>
  5044. <entry>
  5045. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">口袋</foreignphrase>
  5046. </entry>
  5047. <entry>
  5048. pocket
  5049. </entry>
  5050. </row>
  5051. <row>
  5052. <entry>
  5053. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎn</foreignphrase>
  5054. </entry>
  5055. <entry>
  5056. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">脸</foreignphrase>
  5057. </entry>
  5058. <entry>
  5059. face (of a person)
  5060. </entry>
  5061. </row>
  5062. <row>
  5063. <entry>
  5064. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lùyīndài</foreignphrase>
  5065. </entry>
  5066. <entry>
  5067. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">录音带</foreignphrase>
  5068. </entry>
  5069. <entry>
  5070. recording tape
  5071. </entry>
  5072. </row>
  5073. <row>
  5074. <entry>
  5075. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lùyīnjī</foreignphrase>
  5076. </entry>
  5077. <entry>
  5078. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">录音机</foreignphrase>
  5079. </entry>
  5080. <entry>
  5081. tape recorder
  5082. </entry>
  5083. </row>
  5084. <row>
  5085. <entry>
  5086. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">máfan</foreignphrase>
  5087. </entry>
  5088. <entry>
  5089. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">麻烦</foreignphrase>
  5090. </entry>
  5091. <entry>
  5092. to be troublesome, to be a bother; bother, trouble
  5093. </entry>
  5094. </row>
  5095. <row>
  5096. <entry>
  5097. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎlù</foreignphrase>
  5098. </entry>
  5099. <entry>
  5100. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">马路</foreignphrase>
  5101. </entry>
  5102. <entry>
  5103. street, avenue (paved)
  5104. </entry>
  5105. </row>
  5106. <row>
  5107. <entry>
  5108. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méi shì (le)</foreignphrase>
  5109. </entry>
  5110. <entry>
  5111. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">没事了</foreignphrase>
  5112. </entry>
  5113. <entry>
  5114. everything is all right (now); there is no (further) business
  5115. </entry>
  5116. </row>
  5117. <row>
  5118. <entry>
  5119. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niúnǎi</foreignphrase>
  5120. </entry>
  5121. <entry>
  5122. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">牛奶</foreignphrase>
  5123. </entry>
  5124. <entry>
  5125. (cow’s) milk
  5126. </entry>
  5127. </row>
  5128. <row>
  5129. <entry>
  5130. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">píngcháng</foreignphrase>
  5131. </entry>
  5132. <entry>
  5133. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">平常</foreignphrase>
  5134. </entry>
  5135. <entry>
  5136. usually, generally, ordinarily
  5137. </entry>
  5138. </row>
  5139. <row>
  5140. <entry>
  5141. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shāo</foreignphrase>
  5142. </entry>
  5143. <entry>
  5144. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">烧</foreignphrase>
  5145. </entry>
  5146. <entry>
  5147. to heat; to cook
  5148. </entry>
  5149. </row>
  5150. <row>
  5151. <entry>
  5152. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shāohǎole</foreignphrase>
  5153. </entry>
  5154. <entry>
  5155. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">烧好了</foreignphrase>
  5156. </entry>
  5157. <entry>
  5158. to have heated up; to have finished cooking
  5159. </entry>
  5160. </row>
  5161. <row>
  5162. <entry>
  5163. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēnbào</foreignphrase>
  5164. </entry>
  5165. <entry>
  5166. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">申报</foreignphrase>
  5167. </entry>
  5168. <entry>
  5169. to declare, to report
  5170. </entry>
  5171. </row>
  5172. <row>
  5173. <entry>
  5174. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēnbàodān</foreignphrase>
  5175. </entry>
  5176. <entry>
  5177. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">申报单</foreignphrase>
  5178. </entry>
  5179. <entry>
  5180. customs declaration (form)
  5181. </entry>
  5182. </row>
  5183. <row>
  5184. <entry>
  5185. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shōushi</foreignphrase>
  5186. </entry>
  5187. <entry>
  5188. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">收拾</foreignphrase>
  5189. </entry>
  5190. <entry>
  5191. to tidy up
  5192. </entry>
  5193. </row>
  5194. <row>
  5195. <entry>
  5196. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǒushi (shǒushì)</foreignphrase>
  5197. </entry>
  5198. <entry>
  5199. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">首饰</foreignphrase>
  5200. </entry>
  5201. <entry>
  5202. jewelry
  5203. </entry>
  5204. </row>
  5205. <row>
  5206. <entry>
  5207. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuā</foreignphrase>
  5208. </entry>
  5209. <entry>
  5210. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">刷</foreignphrase>
  5211. </entry>
  5212. <entry>
  5213. to brush
  5214. </entry>
  5215. </row>
  5216. <row>
  5217. <entry>
  5218. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuā yà</foreignphrase>
  5219. </entry>
  5220. <entry>
  5221. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">刷牙</foreignphrase>
  5222. </entry>
  5223. <entry>
  5224. to brush one’s teeth
  5225. </entry>
  5226. </row>
  5227. <row>
  5228. <entry>
  5229. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūfáng</foreignphrase>
  5230. </entry>
  5231. <entry>
  5232. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">书房</foreignphrase>
  5233. </entry>
  5234. <entry>
  5235. study (room)
  5236. </entry>
  5237. </row>
  5238. <row>
  5239. <entry>
  5240. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuǐ</foreignphrase>
  5241. </entry>
  5242. <entry>
  5243. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">水</foreignphrase>
  5244. </entry>
  5245. <entry>
  5246. water
  5247. </entry>
  5248. </row>
  5249. <row>
  5250. <entry>
  5251. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuì jiào</foreignphrase>
  5252. </entry>
  5253. <entry>
  5254. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">睡觉</foreignphrase>
  5255. </entry>
  5256. <entry>
  5257. to sleep
  5258. </entry>
  5259. </row>
  5260. <row>
  5261. <entry>
  5262. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuì wǔjiào</foreignphrase>
  5263. </entry>
  5264. <entry>
  5265. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">睡午觉</foreignphrase>
  5266. </entry>
  5267. <entry>
  5268. to take a noontime nap
  5269. </entry>
  5270. </row>
  5271. <row>
  5272. <entry>
  5273. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūshu</foreignphrase>
  5274. </entry>
  5275. <entry>
  5276. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">叔叔</foreignphrase>
  5277. </entry>
  5278. <entry>
  5279. uncle
  5280. </entry>
  5281. </row>
  5282. <row>
  5283. <entry>
  5284. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wòfáng</foreignphrase>
  5285. </entry>
  5286. <entry>
  5287. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">卧房</foreignphrase>
  5288. </entry>
  5289. <entry>
  5290. bedroom
  5291. </entry>
  5292. </row>
  5293. <row>
  5294. <entry>
  5295. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wòshì</foreignphrase>
  5296. </entry>
  5297. <entry>
  5298. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">卧室</foreignphrase>
  5299. </entry>
  5300. <entry>
  5301. bedroom
  5302. </entry>
  5303. </row>
  5304. <row>
  5305. <entry>
  5306. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wūzi</foreignphrase>
  5307. </entry>
  5308. <entry>
  5309. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">屋子</foreignphrase>
  5310. </entry>
  5311. <entry>
  5312. room
  5313. </entry>
  5314. </row>
  5315. <row>
  5316. <entry>
  5317. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāngzi</foreignphrase>
  5318. </entry>
  5319. <entry>
  5320. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">箱子</foreignphrase>
  5321. </entry>
  5322. <entry>
  5323. suitcase, box
  5324. </entry>
  5325. </row>
  5326. <row>
  5327. <entry>
  5328. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎoběnzi</foreignphrase>
  5329. </entry>
  5330. <entry>
  5331. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">小本子</foreignphrase>
  5332. </entry>
  5333. <entry>
  5334. small notebook
  5335. </entry>
  5336. </row>
  5337. <row>
  5338. <entry>
  5339. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎoxīn</foreignphrase>
  5340. </entry>
  5341. <entry>
  5342. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">小心</foreignphrase>
  5343. </entry>
  5344. <entry>
  5345. to be careful, to take care
  5346. </entry>
  5347. </row>
  5348. <row>
  5349. <entry>
  5350. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐng</foreignphrase>
  5351. </entry>
  5352. <entry>
  5353. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">醒</foreignphrase>
  5354. </entry>
  5355. <entry>
  5356. to wake up
  5357. </entry>
  5358. </row>
  5359. <row>
  5360. <entry>
  5361. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐzǎo</foreignphrase>
  5362. </entry>
  5363. <entry>
  5364. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">洗澡</foreignphrase>
  5365. </entry>
  5366. <entry>
  5367. to take a bath
  5368. </entry>
  5369. </row>
  5370. <row>
  5371. <entry>
  5372. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐzǎofáng</foreignphrase>
  5373. </entry>
  5374. <entry>
  5375. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">洗澡房</foreignphrase>
  5376. </entry>
  5377. <entry>
  5378. bathroom
  5379. </entry>
  5380. </row>
  5381. <row>
  5382. <entry>
  5383. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yá</foreignphrase>
  5384. </entry>
  5385. <entry>
  5386. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">牙</foreignphrase>
  5387. </entry>
  5388. <entry>
  5389. tooth, teeth
  5390. </entry>
  5391. </row>
  5392. <row>
  5393. <entry>
  5394. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yágāo</foreignphrase>
  5395. </entry>
  5396. <entry>
  5397. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">牙膏</foreignphrase>
  5398. </entry>
  5399. <entry>
  5400. toothpaste
  5401. </entry>
  5402. </row>
  5403. <row>
  5404. <entry>
  5405. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǎnjìng(r)</foreignphrase>
  5406. </entry>
  5407. <entry>
  5408. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">眼睛</foreignphrase>
  5409. </entry>
  5410. <entry>
  5411. glasses (spectacles)
  5412. </entry>
  5413. </row>
  5414. <row>
  5415. <entry>
  5416. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùbei</foreignphrase>
  5417. </entry>
  5418. <entry>
  5419. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">预备</foreignphrase>
  5420. </entry>
  5421. <entry>
  5422. to prepare
  5423. </entry>
  5424. </row>
  5425. <row>
  5426. <entry>
  5427. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùbeihǎo le</foreignphrase>
  5428. </entry>
  5429. <entry>
  5430. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">预备好了</foreignphrase>
  5431. </entry>
  5432. <entry>
  5433. to have prepared
  5434. </entry>
  5435. </row>
  5436. <row>
  5437. <entry>
  5438. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhàoxiàngjǐ</foreignphrase>
  5439. </entry>
  5440. <entry>
  5441. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">照相机</foreignphrase>
  5442. </entry>
  5443. <entry>
  5444. camera
  5445. </entry>
  5446. </row>
  5447. <row>
  5448. <entry>
  5449. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhīpiào</foreignphrase>
  5450. </entry>
  5451. <entry>
  5452. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">支票</foreignphrase>
  5453. </entry>
  5454. <entry>
  5455. check (as in personal check)
  5456. </entry>
  5457. </row>
  5458. <row>
  5459. <entry>
  5460. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhīpiàoběn</foreignphrase>
  5461. </entry>
  5462. <entry>
  5463. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">支票本</foreignphrase>
  5464. </entry>
  5465. <entry>
  5466. checkbook
  5467. </entry>
  5468. </row>
  5469. <row>
  5470. <entry>
  5471. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zūchūqu</foreignphrase>
  5472. </entry>
  5473. <entry>
  5474. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">租出去</foreignphrase>
  5475. </entry>
  5476. <entry>
  5477. to rent out
  5478. </entry>
  5479. </row>
  5480. <row>
  5481. <entry>
  5482. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò fàn</foreignphrase>
  5483. </entry>
  5484. <entry>
  5485. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">做饭 </foreignphrase>
  5486. </entry>
  5487. <entry>
  5488. to cook
  5489. </entry>
  5490. </row>
  5491. </tbody>
  5492. </tgroup>
  5493. </informaltable></para>
  5494. </section>
  5495. </section>
  5496. <section>
  5497. <title>Unit 5: Minor Physical Complaints</title>
  5498. <section>
  5499. <title>Reference Notes</title>
  5500. <section>
  5501. <title>Part 1</title>
  5502. <section>
  5503. <title>Reference List</title>
  5504. <para/>
  5505. </section>
  5506. <section>
  5507. <title>Reference Notes on part 1</title>
  5508. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">téng</foreignphrase>: “to hurt,
  5509. to ache” When talking about body aches and pains, you use a topic-comment
  5510. pattern. For example “I have a headache,” in Chinese is literally ”As for
  5511. me, the head hurts”:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  5512. <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
  5513. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  5514. <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
  5515. <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
  5516. <tbody>
  5517. <row>
  5518. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5519. >Wǒ</foreignphrase></entry>
  5520. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5521. >tǒu</foreignphrase></entry>
  5522. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5523. >téng.</foreignphrase></entry>
  5524. </row>
  5525. <row>
  5526. <entry/>
  5527. <entry/>
  5528. <entry/>
  5529. </row>
  5530. <row>
  5531. <entry>As for me,</entry>
  5532. <entry>head</entry>
  5533. <entry>hurts.</entry>
  5534. </row>
  5535. </tbody>
  5536. </tgroup>
  5537. </informaltable></para>
  5538. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎnmào</foreignphrase>: “to
  5539. catch a cold; a cold” This may be used either as a verb or as a noun. [To
  5540. say “to have a bad cold,” use <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5541. >gǎnmào hěn lìhai</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase
  5542. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lìhai</foreignphrase> meaning
  5543. “severe.”]<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  5544. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  5545. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  5546. <tbody>
  5547. <row>
  5548. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ gǎnmào
  5549. le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  5550. </row>
  5551. <row>
  5552. <entry/>
  5553. </row>
  5554. <row>
  5555. <entry>I've caught a cold.</entry>
  5556. </row>
  5557. <row>
  5558. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐde gǎnmào
  5559. hǎo yidiǎn le ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
  5560. </row>
  5561. <row>
  5562. <entry/>
  5563. </row>
  5564. <row>
  5565. <entry>Is your cold a little better now?</entry>
  5566. </row>
  5567. </tbody>
  5568. </tgroup>
  5569. </informaltable></para>
  5570. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fāshāo</foreignphrase>: “to have
  5571. a fever,” literally, “develop-fever” This may be used as a state or a
  5572. process: <variablelist>
  5573. <varlistentry>
  5574. <term>STATE</term>
  5575. <listitem>
  5576. <para>
  5577. <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  5578. <tgroup cols="2" align="center">
  5579. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  5580. <colspec colname="c3" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
  5581. <tbody>
  5582. <row>
  5583. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5584. >Wǒ fāshāo.</foreignphrase></entry>
  5585. <entry>I have a fever.</entry>
  5586. </row>
  5587. <row>
  5588. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5589. >Wǒ bù fāshāo.</foreignphrase></entry>
  5590. <entry>I don't have a fever.</entry>
  5591. </row>
  5592. <row>
  5593. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5594. >Wǒ yǒu diǎn fāshāo.</foreignphrase></entry>
  5595. <entry>I'm a little feverish.</entry>
  5596. </row>
  5597. </tbody>
  5598. </tgroup>
  5599. </informaltable>
  5600. </para>
  5601. </listitem>
  5602. </varlistentry>
  5603. <varlistentry>
  5604. <term>PROCESS</term>
  5605. <listitem>
  5606. <para>
  5607. <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  5608. <tgroup cols="2" align="center">
  5609. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  5610. <colspec colname="c3" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
  5611. <tbody>
  5612. <row>
  5613. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5614. >Wǒ fāshāo le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  5615. <entry>I have a fever (more literally, “I have
  5616. developed a fever”).</entry>
  5617. </row>
  5618. <row>
  5619. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5620. >Wǒ méi fāshāo.</foreignphrase></entry>
  5621. <entry>I don't have a fever (more literally “I
  5622. haven't developed a fever”).</entry>
  5623. </row>
  5624. <row>
  5625. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5626. >Wǒ fāshāo yǐhòu jiu bù xiǎng chī dōngxi
  5627. le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  5628. <entry>After the fever came on, I didn't feel like
  5629. eating anything.</entry>
  5630. </row>
  5631. </tbody>
  5632. </tgroup>
  5633. </informaltable>
  5634. </para>
  5635. </listitem>
  5636. </varlistentry>
  5637. </variablelist>
  5638. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī diǎn zhèige
  5639. yào</foreignphrase>: “take some of this medicine,” literally, “eat
  5640. medicine,” is the way to say, “to take medicine.” Of course, for liquid
  5641. medicines you could also say <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5642. >hē</foreignphrase>, “to drink,” but one still usually says
  5643. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī</foreignphrase>.</para>
  5644. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kàn dàifu</foreignphrase>: “to
  5645. see a doctor” Also <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kàn
  5646. yīshēng</foreignphrase>.</para>
  5647. <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  5648. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  5649. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  5650. <tbody>
  5651. <row>
  5652. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ děi qù kàn
  5653. dàifu.</foreignphrase></entry>
  5654. </row>
  5655. <row>
  5656. <entry/>
  5657. </row>
  5658. <row>
  5659. <entry>I have to go see a doctor.</entry>
  5660. </row>
  5661. </tbody>
  5662. </tgroup>
  5663. </informaltable>
  5664. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ kàn shénme?</foreignphrase>:
  5665. In another context, this could mean “What are you looking at?” Here,
  5666. however, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kàn</foreignphrase> is
  5667. used in the sense of “to have (a medical complaint) treated” or “diagnosed”
  5668. by a doctor.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  5669. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  5670. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  5671. <tbody>
  5672. <row>
  5673. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ qù kàn
  5674. gǎnmào le ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
  5675. </row>
  5676. <row>
  5677. <entry/>
  5678. </row>
  5679. <row>
  5680. <entry>Did you go have that cold of yours treated?</entry>
  5681. </row>
  5682. <row>
  5683. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde
  5684. hóulong bú tài shūfu, děi qù
  5685. kànkan.</foreignphrase></entry>
  5686. </row>
  5687. <row>
  5688. <entry/>
  5689. </row>
  5690. <row>
  5691. <entry>My throat doesn't feel too well; I'll have to go get
  5692. it treated.</entry>
  5693. </row>
  5694. <row>
  5695. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige bìng
  5696. děi dào dà yīyuàn qù kàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
  5697. </row>
  5698. <row>
  5699. <entry/>
  5700. </row>
  5701. <row>
  5702. <entry>For this illness you have to go to a large hospital
  5703. to get it treated.</entry>
  5704. </row>
  5705. </tbody>
  5706. </tgroup>
  5707. </informaltable></para>
  5708. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">késou</foreignphrase>: “to
  5709. cough”</para>
  5710. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèikē</foreignphrase>: (1)
  5711. “department of internal medicine” (of a hospital), or (2) “internal
  5712. medicine” (as a field). <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5713. >Nèi</foreignphrase> means “internal” and <foreignphrase
  5714. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kē</foreignphrase> means either (1)
  5715. “department, section” or (2) “branch (of a study).”</para>
  5716. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yīshēng</foreignphrase>:
  5717. “doctor,” literally, “heal-er.” In <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5718. >Bēijǐng</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5719. >dàifu</foreignphrase> is the more conversational word and
  5720. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yīshēng</foreignphrase> the
  5721. more formal. In Taiwan, however, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5722. >dàifu</foreignphrase> is not used much.</para>
  5723. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèikē yishēng</foreignphrase>:
  5724. “physician”</para>
  5725. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàikē</foreignphrase>: (1)
  5726. “department of surgery” (of a hospital), or (2) “surgery,” (the branch of
  5727. medicine).</para>
  5728. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàikē yīshēng</foreignphrase>:
  5729. “surgeon”</para>
  5730. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tòng</foreignphrase>: “to hurt,
  5731. to ache,” another pronunciation for <foreignphrase
  5732. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">téng</foreignphrase>.</para>
  5733. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">āsipilín</foreignphrase>:
  5734. “aspirin” Also pronounced <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5735. >āsipilín</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5736. >àsipilíng</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5737. >àsipǐlíng</foreignphrase>.</para>
  5738. </section>
  5739. <section>
  5740. <title>First Dialog for Part 1</title>
  5741. <para>A man from <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5742. >Shànghài</foreignphrase> (A) is visiting his classmate (B) in
  5743. Beijing.</para>
  5744. <para/>
  5745. </section>
  5746. <section>
  5747. <title>Second Dialog for Part 1</title>
  5748. <para>In <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>, a
  5749. parent drops in on a neighbor to talk about his daughter's illness:</para>
  5750. <para/>
  5751. </section>
  5752. <section>
  5753. <title>Notes after the Dialog</title>
  5754. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ràng</foreignphrase>: “to let,
  5755. to allow, to have (someone do something)” This is a prepositional verb which
  5756. you will see more of in Unit 6.</para>
  5757. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...duō xiūxi
  5758. xiuxi</foreignphrase>: “rest a lot” The adjectival verb “to be many, to
  5759. be much, to be a lot” is used here as an adverb modifying the verb “to
  5760. rest”, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiūxi</foreignphrase>. As
  5761. an adverb, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duō</foreignphrase> may
  5762. mean “a lot,” “more,” or “too much,” depending on the context. In
  5763. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duō xiūxi
  5764. xiuxi</foreignphrase> it obviously means “a lot” or
  5765. “more.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  5766. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  5767. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  5768. <tbody>
  5769. <row>
  5770. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yǐhòu, wǒ
  5771. yào duō xiàng nín xuéxí.</foreignphrase></entry>
  5772. </row>
  5773. <row>
  5774. <entry/>
  5775. </row>
  5776. <row>
  5777. <entry>From now on, I shall learn from you more.</entry>
  5778. </row>
  5779. <row>
  5780. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Duō shuō yě
  5781. bù hǎo, shǎo shuō yě bù hǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
  5782. </row>
  5783. <row>
  5784. <entry/>
  5785. </row>
  5786. <row>
  5787. <entry>It isn't good to say too much, nor is it good to say
  5788. too little.</entry>
  5789. </row>
  5790. </tbody>
  5791. </tgroup>
  5792. </informaltable></para>
  5793. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Lǐfà yǐhòu xiǎng chuí yixià bèi
  5794. shì bu shi yào duō gěi qián?</foreignphrase> If you want to have your
  5795. back pounded after a haircut, do you have to pay extra?</para>
  5796. <para>Some students get into the bad habit of always translating <foreignphrase
  5797. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duō</foreignphrase> as “more.” Remember that
  5798. the adverb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duō</foreignphrase> can
  5799. also mean either “a lot” or “too much.” Thus, if someone invites you to
  5800. dinner, even before you have started to eat, the host may say to you
  5801. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Duō chī yidiǎnr!
  5802. </foreignphrase>Since you haven't yet touched the food this sentence cannot
  5803. mean, “Have some more”; it simply means “Eat amply.” We might say in
  5804. English, “Have as much as you like,” or “Help yourself.” Here are some more
  5805. examples showing <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5806. >duō</foreignphrase> does not always mean “more.”</para>
  5807. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèizhǒng píngguǒ zènme piányi
  5808. a? Nà wǒmen jiu duō mǎi diǎnr ba!</foreignphrase> These apples are this
  5809. inexpensive? In that case, let's get a whole bunch of them!<informaltable
  5810. frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  5811. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  5812. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  5813. <tbody>
  5814. <row>
  5815. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Duō láile
  5816. yíge rén.</foreignphrase></entry>
  5817. </row>
  5818. <row>
  5819. <entry/>
  5820. </row>
  5821. <row>
  5822. <entry>One person too many came.</entry>
  5823. </row>
  5824. <row>
  5825. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā duō
  5826. gěile shíkuài qián.</foreignphrase></entry>
  5827. </row>
  5828. <row>
  5829. <entry/>
  5830. </row>
  5831. <row>
  5832. <entry>He gave ten dollars too much.</entry>
  5833. </row>
  5834. <row>
  5835. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Duō mǎi
  5836. jǐběnr.</foreignphrase></entry>
  5837. </row>
  5838. <row>
  5839. <entry/>
  5840. </row>
  5841. <row>
  5842. <entry>Buy a few extra volumes.</entry>
  5843. </row>
  5844. </tbody>
  5845. </tgroup>
  5846. </informaltable></para>
  5847. <para>Contrast <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Duō láile yíge
  5848. rén</foreignphrase>, “One person too many came,” with <foreignphrase
  5849. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yǒu láile yíge rén</foreignphrase>, “One more
  5850. person came.”</para>
  5851. </section>
  5852. </section>
  5853. <section>
  5854. <title>Part 2</title>
  5855. <section>
  5856. <title>Reference List</title>
  5857. <para/>
  5858. </section>
  5859. <section>
  5860. <title>Reference Notes on Part 2</title>
  5861. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dùzi</foreignphrase>: “belly,
  5862. lower abdomen” This has often been translated as “stomach,” but actually
  5863. when someone says <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ dùzi
  5864. téng</foreignphrase> or <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
  5865. dùzi bu shūfu</foreignphrase>, they are most often referring to lower
  5866. abdominal or intestinal pains. Nevertheless, you may sometimes want to
  5867. translate it as “stomach,” in the looser sense of “belly,” for
  5868. example:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  5869. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  5870. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  5871. <tbody>
  5872. <row>
  5873. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nèige rénde
  5874. dùzi hěn dà.</foreignphrase></entry>
  5875. </row>
  5876. <row>
  5877. <entry/>
  5878. </row>
  5879. <row>
  5880. <entry>That man has a big stomach/belly.</entry>
  5881. </row>
  5882. <row>
  5883. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ dùzi è
  5884. le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  5885. </row>
  5886. <row>
  5887. <entry/>
  5888. </row>
  5889. <row>
  5890. <entry>I'm hungry. (Literally, “My stomach is
  5891. hungry.”)</entry>
  5892. </row>
  5893. </tbody>
  5894. </tgroup>
  5895. </informaltable></para>
  5896. <para>A colloquial expression for “to be pregnant” is <foreignphrase
  5897. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dùzi dà le</foreignphrase>, literally, “the
  5898. abdomen has become big,” or <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dà
  5899. dùzi le</foreignphrase>.</para>
  5900. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiè dù</foreignphrase>: “to have
  5901. diarrhea” There are several expressions for “diarrhea” in Chinese;
  5902. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiè dù</foreignphrase> is a
  5903. good choice to use when talking to your doctor, since it is neither too
  5904. informal not too technical. (See also <foreignphrase
  5905. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lā dùzi</foreignphrase>, below.)</para>
  5906. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yūn</foreignphrase>: “to be
  5907. dizzy” Often used after <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5908. >tóu</foreignphrase>, “head”: <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5909. >tóu yūn</foreignphrase>. Pronounced with the Falling tone,
  5910. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùn</foreignphrase>, this word
  5911. is used in the expressions <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùn
  5912. chē</foreignphrase>, “to be carsick/train sick,” <foreignphrase
  5913. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùn</foreignphrase> chuan, “to be seasick,”
  5914. and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùn fēijǐ</foreignphrase>, “to
  5915. be airsick.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  5916. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  5917. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  5918. <tbody>
  5919. <row>
  5920. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ kàn shū
  5921. kànde tóu dōu yūn le!</foreignphrase></entry>
  5922. </row>
  5923. <row>
  5924. <entry/>
  5925. </row>
  5926. <row>
  5927. <entry>I've been reading so much that I'm dizzy!</entry>
  5928. </row>
  5929. </tbody>
  5930. </tgroup>
  5931. </informaltable></para>
  5932. <para>In this sentence, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5933. >dōu</foreignphrase> doesn't mean “all,” but “even, to such an extent
  5934. that.” This type of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5935. >dōu</foreignphrase> is always used with le at the end of the
  5936. sentence.)</para>
  5937. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tù</foreignphrase>: “to vomit”
  5938. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎng tù</foreignphrase>,
  5939. literally “to feel like vomiting,” means “to feel nauseous.”</para>
  5940. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǐwēn</foreignphrase>: “body
  5941. temperature” Only used for the temperature of a body. [The general word for
  5942. “temperature” is <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5943. >wēndù</foreignphrase>, which is presented in Part 3 of this unit.]
  5944. [<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tǐwēnbiāo</foreignphrase> is
  5945. a medical thermometer.]</para>
  5946. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-dù</foreignphrase>: “degree”
  5947. This noun does not take a counter.</para>
  5948. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wèibìng</foreignphrase>:
  5949. “stomach trouble; gastric disease,” literally, “stomach illness.”</para>
  5950. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàbiàn bù tōng</foreignphrase>:
  5951. “to be constipated” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5952. >Dàbiàn</foreignphrase> (literally “major-convenience)” means “to have a
  5953. bowel movement” or “feces.” (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5954. >Xiǎobiàn</foreignphrase>, “minor-convenience,” means “to urinate” or
  5955. “urine.”) <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bù tōng</foreignphrase>
  5956. means “doesn't go through, is blocked up.”</para>
  5957. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǎng</foreignphrase>: “to lie,
  5958. to recline” Notice that the <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  5959. >zài</foreignphrase> phrase goes after the verb tang in the sentence
  5960. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng ni tǎng zài
  5961. zhèr</foreignphrase>. This is because the zài phrase shows the result of
  5962. the verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǎng</foreignphrase>: you
  5963. end up being here (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài
  5964. zhèr</foreignphrase>) as a result of the action of lying (<foreignphrase
  5965. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǎng</foreignphrase>). <foreignphrase
  5966. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāngxià</foreignphrase> or<foreignphrase
  5967. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> tǎng xiàlái</foreignphrase> means “to lie
  5968. down.” In some of the following sentences, notice that <foreignphrase
  5969. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǎng</foreignphrase> corresponds to “be in
  5970. bed.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  5971. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  5972. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  5973. <tbody>
  5974. <row>
  5975. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā gānmào
  5976. le, tǎngle yìtiān.</foreignphrase></entry>
  5977. </row>
  5978. <row>
  5979. <entry/>
  5980. </row>
  5981. <row>
  5982. <entry>He got a cold and stayed in bed for a day (OR and has
  5983. been in bed all day today).</entry>
  5984. </row>
  5985. <row>
  5986. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā xǐhuan
  5987. tǎngzhe kàn shū.</foreignphrase></entry>
  5988. </row>
  5989. <row>
  5990. <entry/>
  5991. </row>
  5992. <row>
  5993. <entry>He likes to read lying down.</entry>
  5994. </row>
  5995. <row>
  5996. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yǐjīng
  5997. bādiǎn zhōngle, nǐ hái tǎngzhe
  5998. ne!</foreignphrase></entry>
  5999. </row>
  6000. <row>
  6001. <entry/>
  6002. </row>
  6003. <row>
  6004. <entry>It's eight o'clock already, and you're still in
  6005. bed!</entry>
  6006. </row>
  6007. <row>
  6008. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tǎngxialai
  6009. xiūxi yihuǐr ba.</foreignphrase></entry>
  6010. </row>
  6011. <row>
  6012. <entry/>
  6013. </row>
  6014. <row>
  6015. <entry>Lie down and rest for a while.</entry>
  6016. </row>
  6017. </tbody>
  6018. </tgroup>
  6019. </informaltable></para>
  6020. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shàngyǐ</foreignphrase>: “upper
  6021. garments” [Also sometimes means “coat.”]</para>
  6022. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tuō</foreignphrase>: “to take
  6023. off” (clothes, shoes) This is the opposite of <foreignphrase
  6024. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuān</foreignphrase>, “to put
  6025. on.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  6026. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  6027. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  6028. <tbody>
  6029. <row>
  6030. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kuài bǎ
  6031. dàyī tuōxialai.</foreignphrase></entry>
  6032. </row>
  6033. <row>
  6034. <entry/>
  6035. </row>
  6036. <row>
  6037. <entry>Come on and take off your coat.*</entry>
  6038. </row>
  6039. <row>
  6040. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zhèng
  6041. tuōzhe yīfu, jìnlai yige
  6042. rén.</foreignphrase></entry>
  6043. </row>
  6044. <row>
  6045. <entry/>
  6046. </row>
  6047. <row>
  6048. <entry>Right when he was taking off his clothes, someone
  6049. came in.</entry>
  6050. </row>
  6051. <row>
  6052. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng ni
  6053. tuōle xié zài jìnqu.</foreignphrase></entry>
  6054. </row>
  6055. <row>
  6056. <entry/>
  6057. </row>
  6058. <row>
  6059. <entry>Please remove your shoes before going in.**</entry>
  6060. </row>
  6061. </tbody>
  6062. </tgroup>
  6063. </informaltable></para>
  6064. <para>*This is said by the host to a guest when he arrives. You might have
  6065. thought that the use of the word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  6066. >kuài</foreignphrase>, usually translated as “hurry up and ...” sounds
  6067. impatient and impolite. Actually, it is the exact opposite. Here,
  6068. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kuài</foreignphrase> indicates
  6069. the host's concern that the guest, although wanting to take his coat off,
  6070. would be too polite to do so immediately.</para>
  6071. <para>**In Taiwan, most households have kept the Japanese custom of removing
  6072. shoes before entering the living areas. (Guests, though, are not in every
  6073. case expected to take off their shoes, especially for short visits during
  6074. dry weather.)</para>
  6075. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāi</foreignphrase>: You have
  6076. seen <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāi</foreignphrase> meaning
  6077. “to open.” Here it means “to write out” a prescription, list, receipt,
  6078. check, etc.</para>
  6079. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēng bìng</foreignphrase>: “to
  6080. get sick” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shēng</foreignphrase>
  6081. means literally, “to develop, to happen.” <foreignphrase
  6082. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā shēng bìng</foreignphrase> le means
  6083. virtually the same thing as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  6084. >Tā</foreignphrase> bìng le.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
  6085. colsep="1">
  6086. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  6087. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  6088. <tbody>
  6089. <row>
  6090. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīnnián
  6091. chūntiān shēng bìngde rén hěn
  6092. duō.</foreignphrase></entry>
  6093. </row>
  6094. <row>
  6095. <entry/>
  6096. </row>
  6097. <row>
  6098. <entry>Lots of people are getting sick this spring.</entry>
  6099. </row>
  6100. <row>
  6101. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā shēng
  6102. bìng shēngle liǎngge xīngqī le, hái méi
  6103. hǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
  6104. </row>
  6105. <row>
  6106. <entry/>
  6107. </row>
  6108. <row>
  6109. <entry>He has been sick for two weeks now and hasn't
  6110. recovered yet.</entry>
  6111. </row>
  6112. <row>
  6113. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ hái
  6114. shēngzhe bìng ne, zěnme kéyi
  6115. chūqu?</foreignphrase></entry>
  6116. </row>
  6117. <row>
  6118. <entry/>
  6119. </row>
  6120. <row>
  6121. <entry>You're still sick; how can you go out ?</entry>
  6122. </row>
  6123. <row>
  6124. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā shēngde
  6125. shi shénme bìng?</foreignphrase></entry>
  6126. </row>
  6127. <row>
  6128. <entry/>
  6129. </row>
  6130. <row>
  6131. <entry>What illness is it that he has?</entry>
  6132. </row>
  6133. </tbody>
  6134. </tgroup>
  6135. </informaltable></para>
  6136. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lā dùzi</foreignphrase>: “to
  6137. have diarrhea,” a more colloquial, but not at all improper, word for
  6138. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiè
  6139. dù</foreignphrase>.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  6140. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  6141. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  6142. <tbody>
  6143. <row>
  6144. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā lā dùzi
  6145. lāde hěn lìhai.</foreignphrase></entry>
  6146. </row>
  6147. <row>
  6148. <entry/>
  6149. </row>
  6150. <row>
  6151. <entry>He has a bad case of diarrhea.</entry>
  6152. </row>
  6153. </tbody>
  6154. </tgroup>
  6155. </informaltable></para>
  6156. </section>
  6157. <section>
  6158. <title>First Dialogue for Part 2</title>
  6159. <para>A man in Taipei calls a doctor's office to ask what he should do for his
  6160. wife's illness.</para>
  6161. <para/>
  6162. </section>
  6163. <section>
  6164. <title>Second Dialogue for Part 2</title>
  6165. <para>In <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>, a
  6166. young man (A) visits a clinic.</para>
  6167. <para/>
  6168. </section>
  6169. </section>
  6170. <section>
  6171. <title>Part 3</title>
  6172. <section>
  6173. <title>Reference List</title>
  6174. <para/>
  6175. </section>
  6176. <section>
  6177. <title>Reference Notes on Part 3</title>
  6178. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liáng</foreignphrase>: “to
  6179. measure” You first saw this verb in the context of taking measurements for
  6180. clothing. Here you see it used for taking temperatures. It can also be used
  6181. for measuring a piece of land or the dimensions of a room.</para>
  6182. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǐwēn</foreignphrase> and
  6183. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wēndù</foreignphrase>: Both of
  6184. these are translated as “temperature” in the sentences above, but they
  6185. should be distinguished. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  6186. >Tǐwēn</foreignphrase> is literally “body temperature” and thus is used
  6187. when talking about taking human temperatures. <foreignphrase
  6188. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wēndù</foreignphrase> is literally
  6189. “temperature degree” and is generally used in measuring heat or
  6190. cold.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  6191. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  6192. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  6193. <tbody>
  6194. <row>
  6195. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ wūzilide
  6196. wēndù shi duōshǎo?</foreignphrase></entry>
  6197. </row>
  6198. <row>
  6199. <entry/>
  6200. </row>
  6201. <row>
  6202. <entry>What's the temperature in your room?</entry>
  6203. </row>
  6204. </tbody>
  6205. </tgroup>
  6206. </informaltable></para>
  6207. <para>[There is another word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  6208. >qìwén</foreignphrase>, literally “air temperature,” used, for example,
  6209. in weather reports.]</para>
  6210. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wēndù bù gāo</foreignphrase>:
  6211. “the temperature is not high” Normal body temperature (98.6' F) is 37°
  6212. Celsius. Each additional degree Celsius is 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit.</para>
  6213. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāishuǐ</foreignphrase>: “boiled
  6214. water” This is water that has been boiled, but is not necessarily hot. Often
  6215. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāishuǐ</foreignphrase> is
  6216. served as a hot beverage, however. The Chinese commonly believe that ice
  6217. cold beverages are not good.</para>
  6218. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xuěyā</foreignphrase>: “blood
  6219. pressure,” literally “blood pressure.” <foreignphrase
  6220. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xuěyā gāo</foreignphrase> is “high blood
  6221. pressure,” and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xuěyā
  6222. dǐ</foreignphrase> is “low blood pressure.”</para>
  6223. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhēnjiū</foreignphrase>:
  6224. “acupuncture and moxibustion” Also pronounced <foreignphrase
  6225. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhēnjiǔ</foreignphrase>. Acupuncture is a
  6226. practice of traditional (but not necessarily orthodox) Chinese medicine
  6227. where parts of the body are pierced with needles to treat disease or relieve
  6228. pain. This is based on the idea that the body's energy (qì) forms an
  6229. integral system which must be maintained for good health. This is done by
  6230. applying pressure or releasing pressure to restore the balance of qì.
  6231. Moxibustion (traditionally more important than acupuncture) involves the
  6232. smoldering of herbs on certain body points. In some cases the herbs are
  6233. placed directly on the skin and lit with a stick of incense; at other times,
  6234. a slice of ginger is first placed on the skin and the herbs burned on
  6235. top.</para>
  6236. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ xiǎng bu xiǎng zhǎo zhēnjiū
  6237. dàifu gěi ni kànkan?</foreignphrase>: This has been translated on the
  6238. Reference List as “Do you want to sean acupuncturist?” which is the
  6239. conversational English equivalent. A translation more revealing of the
  6240. structure of the question might be: “Do you want to look for an acupuncture
  6241. doctor to give you treatment?”</para>
  6242. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liúxíngxìng
  6243. gǎnmào</foreignphrase>: “influenza, flu,” literally “epidemic cold.”
  6244. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Liúxíng</foreignphrase>: the
  6245. verb “to be prevalent, to be popular, to be common.” <foreignphrase
  6246. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-Xìng</foreignphrase> means “quality,
  6247. characteristic,” and when used as a suffix corresponds to “<foreignphrase
  6248. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-esque</foreignphrase>” in “picturesque,” or
  6249. “-like” in “childlike.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  6250. >Liúxíngxìng</foreignphrase> is then “having the characteristic of being
  6251. prevalent,” specifically “epidemic.”</para>
  6252. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāi dāo</foreignphrase>: “to
  6253. operate; to be operated on,” literally “to open or operate the
  6254. knife.”</para>
  6255. </section>
  6256. <section>
  6257. <title>Dialogue for Part 3</title>
  6258. <para>In <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase> a
  6259. worker pays a return visit to a health clinic.</para>
  6260. <para/>
  6261. </section>
  6262. <section>
  6263. <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
  6264. <para>*<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kesou yishēng</foreignphrase>:
  6265. Literally, “cough one sound.” -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  6266. >Sheng</foreignphrase> is the counter for utterances.</para>
  6267. </section>
  6268. </section>
  6269. </section>
  6270. <section>
  6271. <title>Vocabulary</title>
  6272. <para>
  6273. <informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
  6274. <tgroup cols="3">
  6275. <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  6276. <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  6277. <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
  6278. <tbody>
  6279. <row>
  6280. <entry>
  6281. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">āiyō</foreignphrase>
  6282. </entry>
  6283. <entry>
  6284. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">哎哟</foreignphrase>
  6285. </entry>
  6286. <entry>
  6287. ouch; oh dear
  6288. </entry>
  6289. </row>
  6290. <row>
  6291. <entry>
  6292. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">āsīpīlín</foreignphrase>
  6293. </entry>
  6294. <entry>
  6295. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">阿司匹林</foreignphrase>
  6296. </entry>
  6297. <entry>
  6298. aspirin
  6299. </entry>
  6300. </row>
  6301. <row>
  6302. <entry>
  6303. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī</foreignphrase>
  6304. </entry>
  6305. <entry>
  6306. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">吃</foreignphrase>
  6307. </entry>
  6308. <entry>
  6309. to take (medicine)
  6310. </entry>
  6311. </row>
  6312. <row>
  6313. <entry>
  6314. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàbiàn</foreignphrase>
  6315. </entry>
  6316. <entry>
  6317. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大便</foreignphrase>
  6318. </entry>
  6319. <entry>
  6320. bowel movement
  6321. </entry>
  6322. </row>
  6323. <row>
  6324. <entry>
  6325. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàbiàn bù tōng</foreignphrase>
  6326. </entry>
  6327. <entry>
  6328. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大便不通</foreignphrase>
  6329. </entry>
  6330. <entry>
  6331. to be constipated
  6332. </entry>
  6333. </row>
  6334. <row>
  6335. <entry>
  6336. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàifu</foreignphrase>
  6337. </entry>
  6338. <entry>
  6339. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大夫</foreignphrase>
  6340. </entry>
  6341. <entry>
  6342. doctor
  6343. </entry>
  6344. </row>
  6345. <row>
  6346. <entry>
  6347. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dī</foreignphrase>
  6348. </entry>
  6349. <entry>
  6350. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">低</foreignphrase>
  6351. </entry>
  6352. <entry>
  6353. to be low
  6354. </entry>
  6355. </row>
  6356. <row>
  6357. <entry>
  6358. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-dù</foreignphrase>
  6359. </entry>
  6360. <entry>
  6361. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">-度</foreignphrase>
  6362. </entry>
  6363. <entry>
  6364. degree (e.g., on a thermometer)
  6365. </entry>
  6366. </row>
  6367. <row>
  6368. <entry>
  6369. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dùzi</foreignphrase>
  6370. </entry>
  6371. <entry>
  6372. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肚子</foreignphrase>
  6373. </entry>
  6374. <entry>
  6375. belly, abdomen, stomach
  6376. </entry>
  6377. </row>
  6378. <row>
  6379. <entry>
  6380. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fāshāo</foreignphrase>
  6381. </entry>
  6382. <entry>
  6383. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">发烧</foreignphrase>
  6384. </entry>
  6385. <entry>
  6386. to have a fever
  6387. </entry>
  6388. </row>
  6389. <row>
  6390. <entry>
  6391. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎnmào</foreignphrase>
  6392. </entry>
  6393. <entry>
  6394. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">感冒</foreignphrase>
  6395. </entry>
  6396. <entry>
  6397. to catch cold; a cold
  6398. </entry>
  6399. </row>
  6400. <row>
  6401. <entry>
  6402. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hóulóng (hóulong)</foreignphrase>
  6403. </entry>
  6404. <entry>
  6405. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">喉咙</foreignphrase>
  6406. </entry>
  6407. <entry>
  6408. throat
  6409. </entry>
  6410. </row>
  6411. <row>
  6412. <entry>
  6413. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāi dāo</foreignphrase>
  6414. </entry>
  6415. <entry>
  6416. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani"></foreignphrase>
  6417. </entry>
  6418. <entry>
  6419. to operate; to be operated on
  6420. </entry>
  6421. </row>
  6422. <row>
  6423. <entry>
  6424. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāi yàofāng</foreignphrase>
  6425. </entry>
  6426. <entry>
  6427. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">开药方</foreignphrase>
  6428. </entry>
  6429. <entry>
  6430. to write a prescription
  6431. </entry>
  6432. </row>
  6433. <row>
  6434. <entry>
  6435. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāishuǐ</foreignphrase>
  6436. </entry>
  6437. <entry>
  6438. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">开水</foreignphrase>
  6439. </entry>
  6440. <entry>
  6441. boiled water
  6442. </entry>
  6443. </row>
  6444. <row>
  6445. <entry>
  6446. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kàn bìng</foreignphrase>
  6447. </entry>
  6448. <entry>
  6449. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">看病</foreignphrase>
  6450. </entry>
  6451. <entry>
  6452. to have an illness treated/diagnosed
  6453. </entry>
  6454. </row>
  6455. <row>
  6456. <entry>
  6457. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kàn dàifu</foreignphrase>
  6458. </entry>
  6459. <entry>
  6460. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">看大夫</foreignphrase>
  6461. </entry>
  6462. <entry>
  6463. to see a doctor
  6464. </entry>
  6465. </row>
  6466. <row>
  6467. <entry>
  6468. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">késou</foreignphrase>
  6469. </entry>
  6470. <entry>
  6471. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">咳嗽</foreignphrase>
  6472. </entry>
  6473. <entry>
  6474. to cough
  6475. </entry>
  6476. </row>
  6477. <row>
  6478. <entry>
  6479. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lā dùzi</foreignphrase>
  6480. </entry>
  6481. <entry>
  6482. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">拉肚子</foreignphrase>
  6483. </entry>
  6484. <entry>
  6485. to have diarrhea
  6486. </entry>
  6487. </row>
  6488. <row>
  6489. <entry>
  6490. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liáng</foreignphrase>
  6491. </entry>
  6492. <entry>
  6493. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">量</foreignphrase>
  6494. </entry>
  6495. <entry>
  6496. to measure
  6497. </entry>
  6498. </row>
  6499. <row>
  6500. <entry>
  6501. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liáng tǐwēn</foreignphrase>
  6502. </entry>
  6503. <entry>
  6504. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">量体温</foreignphrase>
  6505. </entry>
  6506. <entry>
  6507. to take a person’s temperature
  6508. </entry>
  6509. </row>
  6510. <row>
  6511. <entry>
  6512. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lìhai</foreignphrase>
  6513. </entry>
  6514. <entry>
  6515. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">厉害</foreignphrase>
  6516. </entry>
  6517. <entry>
  6518. to be severe, to be fierce
  6519. </entry>
  6520. </row>
  6521. <row>
  6522. <entry>
  6523. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liúxíngxìng gǎnmào</foreignphrase>
  6524. </entry>
  6525. <entry>
  6526. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">流行性感冒</foreignphrase>
  6527. </entry>
  6528. <entry>
  6529. influenza, flu
  6530. </entry>
  6531. </row>
  6532. <row>
  6533. <entry>
  6534. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèikē</foreignphrase>
  6535. </entry>
  6536. <entry>
  6537. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">内科</foreignphrase>
  6538. </entry>
  6539. <entry>
  6540. internal medicine, general medicine; department of internal medicine
  6541. </entry>
  6542. </row>
  6543. <row>
  6544. <entry>
  6545. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèikē yīshēng</foreignphrase>
  6546. </entry>
  6547. <entry>
  6548. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">内科医生</foreignphrase>
  6549. </entry>
  6550. <entry>
  6551. internist, physician
  6552. </entry>
  6553. </row>
  6554. <row>
  6555. <entry>
  6556. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shàngyī</foreignphrase>
  6557. </entry>
  6558. <entry>
  6559. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">上衣</foreignphrase>
  6560. </entry>
  6561. <entry>
  6562. upper garment
  6563. </entry>
  6564. </row>
  6565. <row>
  6566. <entry>
  6567. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēng</foreignphrase>
  6568. </entry>
  6569. <entry>
  6570. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">生</foreignphrase>
  6571. </entry>
  6572. <entry>
  6573. to develop (as in shēng bìng)
  6574. </entry>
  6575. </row>
  6576. <row>
  6577. <entry>
  6578. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēng bìng</foreignphrase>
  6579. </entry>
  6580. <entry>
  6581. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">生病</foreignphrase>
  6582. </entry>
  6583. <entry>
  6584. to get sick, to become ill
  6585. </entry>
  6586. </row>
  6587. <row>
  6588. <entry>
  6589. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǎng</foreignphrase>
  6590. </entry>
  6591. <entry>
  6592. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">躺</foreignphrase>
  6593. </entry>
  6594. <entry>
  6595. to lie, to recline
  6596. </entry>
  6597. </row>
  6598. <row>
  6599. <entry>
  6600. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">téng (tòng)</foreignphrase>
  6601. </entry>
  6602. <entry>
  6603. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">疼</foreignphrase>
  6604. </entry>
  6605. <entry>
  6606. to hurt, to ache
  6607. </entry>
  6608. </row>
  6609. <row>
  6610. <entry>
  6611. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǐwēn</foreignphrase>
  6612. </entry>
  6613. <entry>
  6614. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">体温</foreignphrase>
  6615. </entry>
  6616. <entry>
  6617. (body) temperature
  6618. </entry>
  6619. </row>
  6620. <row>
  6621. <entry>
  6622. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóu</foreignphrase>
  6623. </entry>
  6624. <entry>
  6625. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">头</foreignphrase>
  6626. </entry>
  6627. <entry>
  6628. head
  6629. </entry>
  6630. </row>
  6631. <row>
  6632. <entry>
  6633. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóu téng</foreignphrase>
  6634. </entry>
  6635. <entry>
  6636. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">头疼</foreignphrase>
  6637. </entry>
  6638. <entry>
  6639. to have a headache; headache
  6640. </entry>
  6641. </row>
  6642. <row>
  6643. <entry>
  6644. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tù</foreignphrase>
  6645. </entry>
  6646. <entry>
  6647. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">吐</foreignphrase>
  6648. </entry>
  6649. <entry>
  6650. to vomit
  6651. </entry>
  6652. </row>
  6653. <row>
  6654. <entry>
  6655. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tuō</foreignphrase>
  6656. </entry>
  6657. <entry>
  6658. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">脱</foreignphrase>
  6659. </entry>
  6660. <entry>
  6661. to take off (clothing)
  6662. </entry>
  6663. </row>
  6664. <row>
  6665. <entry>
  6666. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàikē</foreignphrase>
  6667. </entry>
  6668. <entry>
  6669. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">外科</foreignphrase>
  6670. </entry>
  6671. <entry>
  6672. surgical department
  6673. </entry>
  6674. </row>
  6675. <row>
  6676. <entry>
  6677. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàikē yīshēng</foreignphrase>
  6678. </entry>
  6679. <entry>
  6680. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">外科医生</foreignphrase>
  6681. </entry>
  6682. <entry>
  6683. surgeon
  6684. </entry>
  6685. </row>
  6686. <row>
  6687. <entry>
  6688. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wèi</foreignphrase>
  6689. </entry>
  6690. <entry>
  6691. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">胃</foreignphrase>
  6692. </entry>
  6693. <entry>
  6694. stomach
  6695. </entry>
  6696. </row>
  6697. <row>
  6698. <entry>
  6699. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wèibìng</foreignphrase>
  6700. </entry>
  6701. <entry>
  6702. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">胃病</foreignphrase>
  6703. </entry>
  6704. <entry>
  6705. stomach trouble, gastric disease
  6706. </entry>
  6707. </row>
  6708. <row>
  6709. <entry>
  6710. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wēndù</foreignphrase>
  6711. </entry>
  6712. <entry>
  6713. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">温度</foreignphrase>
  6714. </entry>
  6715. <entry>
  6716. temperature
  6717. </entry>
  6718. </row>
  6719. <row>
  6720. <entry>
  6721. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎng tù</foreignphrase>
  6722. </entry>
  6723. <entry>
  6724. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani"></foreignphrase>
  6725. </entry>
  6726. <entry>
  6727. to feel nauseous
  6728. </entry>
  6729. </row>
  6730. <row>
  6731. <entry>
  6732. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎobiàn</foreignphrase>
  6733. </entry>
  6734. <entry>
  6735. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">小便</foreignphrase>
  6736. </entry>
  6737. <entry>
  6738. to urinate; urination
  6739. </entry>
  6740. </row>
  6741. <row>
  6742. <entry>
  6743. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiè dù(zi)</foreignphrase>
  6744. </entry>
  6745. <entry>
  6746. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">泻肚(子)</foreignphrase>
  6747. </entry>
  6748. <entry>
  6749. to have diarrhea
  6750. </entry>
  6751. </row>
  6752. <row>
  6753. <entry>
  6754. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xuěyā</foreignphrase>
  6755. </entry>
  6756. <entry>
  6757. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">血压</foreignphrase>
  6758. </entry>
  6759. <entry>
  6760. blood pressure
  6761. </entry>
  6762. </row>
  6763. <row>
  6764. <entry>
  6765. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xuěyā dī</foreignphrase>
  6766. </entry>
  6767. <entry>
  6768. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">低血压</foreignphrase>
  6769. </entry>
  6770. <entry>
  6771. low blood pressure
  6772. </entry>
  6773. </row>
  6774. <row>
  6775. <entry>
  6776. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xuěyā gāo</foreignphrase>
  6777. </entry>
  6778. <entry>
  6779. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">血压高</foreignphrase>
  6780. </entry>
  6781. <entry>
  6782. high blood pressure, hypertension
  6783. </entry>
  6784. </row>
  6785. <row>
  6786. <entry>
  6787. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yào</foreignphrase>
  6788. </entry>
  6789. <entry>
  6790. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">药</foreignphrase>
  6791. </entry>
  6792. <entry>
  6793. medicine
  6794. </entry>
  6795. </row>
  6796. <row>
  6797. <entry>
  6798. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yàofāng(r)</foreignphrase>
  6799. </entry>
  6800. <entry>
  6801. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">药方</foreignphrase>
  6802. </entry>
  6803. <entry>
  6804. prescription
  6805. </entry>
  6806. </row>
  6807. <row>
  6808. <entry>
  6809. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yīshēng</foreignphrase>
  6810. </entry>
  6811. <entry>
  6812. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">医生</foreignphrase>
  6813. </entry>
  6814. <entry>
  6815. doctor
  6816. </entry>
  6817. </row>
  6818. <row>
  6819. <entry>
  6820. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yīyuàn</foreignphrase>
  6821. </entry>
  6822. <entry>
  6823. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">医院</foreignphrase>
  6824. </entry>
  6825. <entry>
  6826. hospital
  6827. </entry>
  6828. </row>
  6829. <row>
  6830. <entry>
  6831. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yūn</foreignphrase>
  6832. </entry>
  6833. <entry>
  6834. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">晕</foreignphrase>
  6835. </entry>
  6836. <entry>
  6837. to be dizzy
  6838. </entry>
  6839. </row>
  6840. <row>
  6841. <entry>
  6842. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhēnjiū (zhēnjiǔ)</foreignphrase>
  6843. </entry>
  6844. <entry>
  6845. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">针灸</foreignphrase>
  6846. </entry>
  6847. <entry>
  6848. acupuncture and moxibustion
  6849. </entry>
  6850. </row>
  6851. </tbody>
  6852. </tgroup>
  6853. </informaltable></para>
  6854. </section>
  6855. </section>
  6856. <section>
  6857. <title>Unit 6: Accidents and Difficulties</title>
  6858. <section>
  6859. <title>Reference Notes</title>
  6860. <section>
  6861. <title>Part 1</title>
  6862. <section>
  6863. <title>Reference List</title>
  6864. <para/>
  6865. </section>
  6866. <section>
  6867. <title>Reference Notes for Part 1</title>
  6868. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zāogāo</foreignphrase>: “too
  6869. bad, oh darn, how terrible, what a mess,” literally, “rotten-cake.” This is
  6870. used as an exclamation of dismay. It is often equivalent to “Oh
  6871. no!”:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  6872. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  6873. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  6874. <tbody>
  6875. <row>
  6876. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zāogāo! Wǒ
  6877. wàngle dài fēijīpiào le!</foreignphrase></entry>
  6878. </row>
  6879. <row>
  6880. <entry/>
  6881. </row>
  6882. <row>
  6883. <entry>Oh, no! I forgot to bring the plane tickets!</entry>
  6884. </row>
  6885. </tbody>
  6886. </tgroup>
  6887. </informaltable></para>
  6888. <para>As an adjectival verb, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  6889. >zāogāo</foreignphrase> means “to be in a mess, to be in a bad state,”
  6890. as in:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  6891. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  6892. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  6893. <tbody>
  6894. <row>
  6895. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nàrde
  6896. qíngxing hěn zāogāo.</foreignphrase></entry>
  6897. </row>
  6898. <row>
  6899. <entry/>
  6900. </row>
  6901. <row>
  6902. <entry>The situation there is a mess.</entry>
  6903. </row>
  6904. <row>
  6905. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèiběn shū
  6906. xiěde zhēn zāogāo.</foreignphrase></entry>
  6907. </row>
  6908. <row>
  6909. <entry/>
  6910. </row>
  6911. <row>
  6912. <entry>This book is terribly written.</entry>
  6913. </row>
  6914. <row>
  6915. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā hěn
  6916. zāogāo.</foreignphrase></entry>
  6917. </row>
  6918. <row>
  6919. <entry/>
  6920. </row>
  6921. <row>
  6922. <entry>He's in a very bad way.</entry>
  6923. </row>
  6924. <row>
  6925. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yàoshi
  6926. zhèige bìngrén láide zài wǎn yìdiǎnr jiù zāogāo
  6927. le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  6928. </row>
  6929. <row>
  6930. <entry/>
  6931. </row>
  6932. <row>
  6933. <entry>If this patient had come any later than he did, he
  6934. would have been in a real mess (in big trouble).</entry>
  6935. </row>
  6936. </tbody>
  6937. </tgroup>
  6938. </informaltable></para>
  6939. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diū</foreignphrase>: “to lose”
  6940. You can analyze the sentence <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wode
  6941. hùzhào diū le</foreignphrase> this way:<informaltable frame="none"
  6942. rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  6943. <tgroup cols="2" align="center">
  6944. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  6945. <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
  6946. <tbody>
  6947. <row>
  6948. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde
  6949. hùzhào</foreignphrase></entry>
  6950. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diū
  6951. le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  6952. </row>
  6953. <row>
  6954. <entry/>
  6955. <entry/>
  6956. </row>
  6957. <row>
  6958. <entry>As for my passport,</entry>
  6959. <entry>it has been) lost.</entry>
  6960. </row>
  6961. </tbody>
  6962. </tgroup>
  6963. </informaltable></para>
  6964. <para>In some areas of China (including Taiwan) you would hear the word
  6965. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diào</foreignphrase> instead
  6966. of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diū</foreignphrase>:
  6967. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde hùzhào diào
  6968. le.</foreignphrase></para>
  6969. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fānyì</foreignphrase>: “to
  6970. translate, to interpret; translator, interpreter” Also pronounced
  6971. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fānyi</foreignphrase> (with a
  6972. neutral-tone <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  6973. >yi</foreignphrase>).</para>
  6974. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shìqing</foreignphrase>:
  6975. “matter, affair, business, thing.” Shìqing refers to abstract things, while
  6976. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dōngxi</foreignphrase> refers
  6977. to concrete things.</para>
  6978. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiàshǐ zhízhào</foreignphrase>:
  6979. “driver's license” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  6980. >jiàshǐ</foreignphrase> is “to drive (a vehicle).” <foreignphrase
  6981. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhízhào</foreignphrase> is a “license,
  6982. permit.”</para>
  6983. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fāxiàn</foreignphrase>: “to
  6984. discover, to find, to find out”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
  6985. colsep="1">
  6986. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  6987. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  6988. <tbody>
  6989. <row>
  6990. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zài zhèr
  6991. fāxiànle yige wèntí.</foreignphrase></entry>
  6992. </row>
  6993. <row>
  6994. <entry/>
  6995. </row>
  6996. <row>
  6997. <entry>I've discovered a problem here.</entry>
  6998. </row>
  6999. <row>
  7000. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèi shi
  7001. gāng fāxiànde yìzhǒng xǐnde
  7002. yào.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7003. </row>
  7004. <row>
  7005. <entry/>
  7006. </row>
  7007. <row>
  7008. <entry>This is a new kind of medicine which has just been
  7009. discovered.</entry>
  7010. </row>
  7011. </tbody>
  7012. </tgroup>
  7013. </informaltable></para>
  7014. <para>The object of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  7015. >fāxiàn</foreignphrase> may also be a clause:<informaltable frame="none"
  7016. rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  7017. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  7018. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7019. <tbody>
  7020. <row>
  7021. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ huílaile
  7022. yǐhòu jiu fāxiàn tā yǐjīng zǒu
  7023. le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7024. </row>
  7025. <row>
  7026. <entry/>
  7027. </row>
  7028. <row>
  7029. <entry>When I came back I discovered tha the had already
  7030. left.</entry>
  7031. </row>
  7032. </tbody>
  7033. </tgroup>
  7034. </informaltable></para>
  7035. <para>The expression <foreignphrase/> can often be translated as “I notice that
  7036. ...”or “I find that ...”. It often prefaces a personal observation, as
  7037. in:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  7038. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  7039. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7040. <tbody>
  7041. <row>
  7042. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ fāxiàn
  7043. hěn duō Měiguo rén juéde yǒu háizi hěn
  7044. máfan.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7045. </row>
  7046. <row>
  7047. <entry/>
  7048. </row>
  7049. <row>
  7050. <entry>I find that many Americans feel that it's a lot of
  7051. trouble to have children.</entry>
  7052. </row>
  7053. <row>
  7054. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ fāxiàn
  7055. nǐ hěn xǐhuan xīnde dōngxi.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7056. </row>
  7057. <row>
  7058. <entry/>
  7059. </row>
  7060. <row>
  7061. <entry>I notice (or, “I get the impression”) that you like
  7062. new things very much.</entry>
  7063. </row>
  7064. </tbody>
  7065. </tgroup>
  7066. </informaltable></para>
  7067. <para>As a noun, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  7068. >fāxiàn</foreignphrase> means “discovery”:<informaltable frame="none"
  7069. rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  7070. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  7071. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7072. <tbody>
  7073. <row>
  7074. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèi shi
  7075. yíge hěn zhòngyàode fāxiàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7076. </row>
  7077. <row>
  7078. <entry/>
  7079. </row>
  7080. <row>
  7081. <entry>This is a very important discovery.</entry>
  7082. </row>
  7083. </tbody>
  7084. </tgroup>
  7085. </informaltable></para>
  7086. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cái</foreignphrase>: “then and
  7087. only then, not until” This adverb should be used when an event happens
  7088. relatively late: “not until this morning.” <foreignphrase
  7089. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Cái</foreignphrase> is the opposite of
  7090. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiù</foreignphrase>, the word
  7091. for “then” when something happens sooner or earlier. When a sentence using
  7092. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cái</foreignphrase> describes
  7093. a completed action, the verb will hardly ever take the ending -le; notice
  7094. that <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fāxiàn</foreignphrase> in
  7095. sentence 6 cannot have -le. Here is another example:<informaltable
  7096. frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  7097. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  7098. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7099. <tbody>
  7100. <row>
  7101. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zuótiān
  7102. cái gàosu wǒ.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7103. </row>
  7104. <row>
  7105. <entry/>
  7106. </row>
  7107. <row>
  7108. <entry>He didn't tell me until yesterday.</entry>
  7109. </row>
  7110. </tbody>
  7111. </tgroup>
  7112. </informaltable></para>
  7113. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kuài yidiǎnr</foreignphrase>: “a
  7114. little more quickly,” or as in No. 7, “soon.” <foreignphrase
  7115. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kuài yidiǎnr</foreignphrase> gives the
  7116. impression of being even sooner than <foreignphrase
  7117. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zǎo yidiǎnr</foreignphrase>. Both mean
  7118. “soon.”</para>
  7119. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lǐng</foreignphrase>: “to
  7120. receive, to get, to pick up, to collect” something that is issued or given
  7121. (a prize, salary, materials, passport, etc.)</para>
  7122. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yàoburán</foreignphrase>:
  7123. “otherwise,” literally “if-not-thus.” Like <foreignphrase
  7124. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kěshi</foreignphrase> “but” and
  7125. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dànshi</foreignphrase> “but,
  7126. however,” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yàoburán</foreignphrase>
  7127. always comes at the front of the clause in which it occurs.<informaltable
  7128. frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  7129. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  7130. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7131. <tbody>
  7132. <row>
  7133. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ děi
  7134. mǎshàng zǒu, yàoburán wǒ jiù wǎn
  7135. le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7136. </row>
  7137. <row>
  7138. <entry/>
  7139. </row>
  7140. <row>
  7141. <entry>I have to go right away, otherwise I'll be
  7142. late.</entry>
  7143. </row>
  7144. <row>
  7145. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ děi zuò
  7146. fēijī qù, yàoburán jiù tài màn
  7147. le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7148. </row>
  7149. <row>
  7150. <entry/>
  7151. </row>
  7152. <row>
  7153. <entry>I have to take a plane, otherwise it'll be too
  7154. slow.</entry>
  7155. </row>
  7156. </tbody>
  7157. </tgroup>
  7158. </informaltable></para>
  7159. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhào xiàng</foreignphrase>: “to
  7160. take a picture,” literally, “illuminate-image.” You already learned
  7161. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhàoxiàngjī</foreignphrase>,
  7162. “camera,” in WLF Unit 4, Part I. The counter for <foreignphrase
  7163. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàng</foreignphrase> “-pictures” is
  7164. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhāng</foreignphrase> (the
  7165. same one as for tables, sheets of paper and other flat things).
  7166. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhào jǐzhāng
  7167. xiàng</foreignphrase> thus means “to take a few pictures.” (When NOT
  7168. using the word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  7169. >xiàng</foreignphrase> as the object of zhào, however, you should use
  7170. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhàopiàn</foreignphrase> or
  7171. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàngpiàn</foreignphrase> for
  7172. “photograph.”)</para>
  7173. <para>Like many verb-object expressions, <foreignphrase
  7174. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhào xiàng</foreignphrase> has the potential
  7175. ambiguity of meaning either “to (verb) an (object )” or “to have an (object)
  7176. (verb)-ed”: “to take a picture” or “to have one's picture taken.” You saw
  7177. this with several verb-object expressions in Unit 3:<informaltable
  7178. frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  7179. <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
  7180. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7181. <colspec colname="c3" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
  7182. <colspec colname="c4" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
  7183. <tbody>
  7184. <row>
  7185. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǎn
  7186. tóufa</foreignphrase></entry>
  7187. <entry>to cut hair</entry>
  7188. <entry>to have one's hair cut</entry>
  7189. </row>
  7190. <row>
  7191. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐ
  7192. tóu</foreignphrase></entry>
  7193. <entry>to give a shampoo </entry>
  7194. <entry>to get a shampoo</entry>
  7195. </row>
  7196. <row>
  7197. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā
  7198. húzi</foreignphrase></entry>
  7199. <entry>to shave</entry>
  7200. <entry>to have a shave</entry>
  7201. </row>
  7202. <row>
  7203. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cā
  7204. píxié</foreignphrase></entry>
  7205. <entry>to shine shoes</entry>
  7206. <entry>to have one's shoes shined</entry>
  7207. </row>
  7208. <row>
  7209. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tàng
  7210. tóufa</foreignphrase></entry>
  7211. <entry>to give a permanent</entry>
  7212. <entry>to get a permanent</entry>
  7213. </row>
  7214. <row>
  7215. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juǎn
  7216. tóufa</foreignphrase></entry>
  7217. <entry>to curl hair</entry>
  7218. <entry>to have one's hair curled</entry>
  7219. </row>
  7220. <row>
  7221. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhào
  7222. xiàng</foreignphrase></entry>
  7223. <entry>to take a picture</entry>
  7224. <entry>to have one's picture taken</entry>
  7225. </row>
  7226. </tbody>
  7227. </tgroup>
  7228. </informaltable></para>
  7229. <para>For example, in the case of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhào
  7230. xiàng</foreignphrase>, a photographer might say <foreignphrase
  7231. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ qù zhào xiàng</foreignphrase>, “I am going
  7232. to take pictures”; but a person going to a photographer's studio might say
  7233. the same sentence,<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> Wǒ qù zhào
  7234. xiàng</foreignphrase>, meaning “I am going to have my picture
  7235. taken.”</para>
  7236. <para>The fact that such sentences may mean either of two things rarely causes
  7237. any misunderstandings in practice. The context almost always makes it
  7238. perfectly clear which meaning is intended.</para>
  7239. <para>With these verb-object expressions, if you want to specify the person on
  7240. whom the action is performed, you have to use a <foreignphrase
  7241. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase> phrase (you can't make
  7242. the person the direct object because the verb already has a direct object).
  7243. For example, to say “I'm going to take a picture of you,” say:<informaltable
  7244. frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  7245. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  7246. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7247. <tbody>
  7248. <row>
  7249. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ gěi nǐ
  7250. zhào xiàng.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7251. </row>
  7252. <row>
  7253. <entry/>
  7254. </row>
  7255. <row>
  7256. <entry>I'm going to take a picture of you.</entry>
  7257. </row>
  7258. </tbody>
  7259. </tgroup>
  7260. </informaltable></para>
  7261. <para>Likewise:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  7262. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  7263. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7264. <tbody>
  7265. <row>
  7266. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā tàitai
  7267. gěi ta jiǎn tóufa.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7268. </row>
  7269. <row>
  7270. <entry/>
  7271. </row>
  7272. <row>
  7273. <entry>His wife cuts his hair.</entry>
  7274. </row>
  7275. </tbody>
  7276. </tgroup>
  7277. </informaltable></para>
  7278. <para>*Although misunderstandings are rare, they are not impossible. Here is a
  7279. short exchange illustrating how <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  7280. >zhào xiàng</foreignphrase> might be misunderstood and how the
  7281. misunderstanding might be cleared up. (For this example you need to know
  7282. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhàopiàn</foreignphrase>,
  7283. “photograph,” and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  7284. >zhàoxiàngguǎn</foreignphrase>, “photography studio.”)<informaltable
  7285. frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  7286. <tgroup cols="2" align="center">
  7287. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7288. <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
  7289. <tbody>
  7290. <row>
  7291. <entry>A:</entry>
  7292. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ jīntiān
  7293. zhào xiàng qu le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7294. </row>
  7295. <row>
  7296. <entry/>
  7297. <entry/>
  7298. </row>
  7299. <row>
  7300. <entry/>
  7301. <entry>Today I went to take pictures / to have my picture
  7302. taken.</entry>
  7303. </row>
  7304. <row>
  7305. <entry>B:</entry>
  7306. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhào
  7307. shénme? Zhào fēngjǐng ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
  7308. </row>
  7309. <row>
  7310. <entry/>
  7311. <entry/>
  7312. </row>
  7313. <row>
  7314. <entry/>
  7315. <entry>What did you take pictures of? Did you take pictures
  7316. of scenery?</entry>
  7317. </row>
  7318. <row>
  7319. <entry>A:</entry>
  7320. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bú shì a.
  7321. Yīnwèi wǒ yào lǐng hùzhào, děi yǒu zhàopiàn, suóyi
  7322. wǒ qù zhàoxiàngguǎn qǐng tamen gěi wo zhào
  7323. xiàng.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7324. </row>
  7325. <row>
  7326. <entry/>
  7327. <entry/>
  7328. </row>
  7329. <row>
  7330. <entry/>
  7331. <entry>No. I'm going to get a passport and need photographs,
  7332. so I went to a photo studio and had them take my
  7333. picture.</entry>
  7334. </row>
  7335. </tbody>
  7336. </tgroup>
  7337. </informaltable></para>
  7338. <para>Here “A” meant by his first sentence “Today I went to have my picture
  7339. taken.” but “B” understood him to mean “Today I went to take
  7340. pictures.”</para>
  7341. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàishì jǐngchá</foreignphrase>:
  7342. “foreign affairs policemen,” those who Heal with foreign nationals.</para>
  7343. </section>
  7344. <section>
  7345. <title>Dialogue for Part 1</title>
  7346. <para>A foreign official in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  7347. >Běijǐng</foreignphrase> talks with a Chinese colleague.</para>
  7348. <para/>
  7349. </section>
  7350. <section>
  7351. <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
  7352. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài nǎr diūd'a?</foreignphrase>:
  7353. “Where did you lose it?” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  7354. >d'a</foreignphrase> is a contraction of <foreignphrase
  7355. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">de</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
  7356. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">a</foreignphrase>. The whole sentence would
  7357. be <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ shi zài nǎr diūde
  7358. a?</foreignphrase></para>
  7359. </section>
  7360. </section>
  7361. <section>
  7362. <title>Part 2</title>
  7363. <section>
  7364. <title>Reference List</title>
  7365. <para/>
  7366. </section>
  7367. <section>
  7368. <title>Reference Notes for Part 2</title>
  7369. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shéi</foreignphrase>: “someone”
  7370. The question word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  7371. >shéi</foreignphrase> “who” can also be used to mean “someone.”</para>
  7372. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bèi</foreignphrase>: This is the
  7373. prepositional verb which indicates the doer of the action, similar to the
  7374. English “by” in passive sentences. In sentences with <foreignphrase
  7375. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bèi</foreignphrase>, it is the subject
  7376. (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tā</foreignphrase> in
  7377. sentence 12) which received the action and the object of <foreignphrase
  7378. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bèi</foreignphrase> (<foreignphrase
  7379. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qǐchē</foreignphrase> in sentence 12) which
  7380. did the action.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  7381. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  7382. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7383. <tbody>
  7384. <row>
  7385. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde zìdiǎn
  7386. bèi xuésheng názǒu le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7387. </row>
  7388. <row>
  7389. <entry/>
  7390. </row>
  7391. <row>
  7392. <entry>My dictionary was taken by a student.</entry>
  7393. </row>
  7394. <row>
  7395. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā bèi rén
  7396. dǎsǐ le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7397. </row>
  7398. <row>
  7399. <entry/>
  7400. </row>
  7401. <row>
  7402. <entry>He was beaten to death by someone. (<foreignphrase
  7403. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dǎsǐ</foreignphrase> is
  7404. literally “hit to death”)</entry>
  7405. </row>
  7406. </tbody>
  7407. </tgroup>
  7408. </informaltable></para>
  7409. <para/>
  7410. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bèi</foreignphrase> has a
  7411. special characteristic other prepositional verbs do not share: it can occur
  7412. WITHOUT AN OBJECT. Its passive meaning is still evident in the rest of the
  7413. sentence:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  7414. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  7415. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7416. <tbody>
  7417. <row>
  7418. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde xīn
  7419. qìchē bèi zhuàng le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7420. </row>
  7421. <row>
  7422. <entry/>
  7423. </row>
  7424. <row>
  7425. <entry>My new car was hit.</entry>
  7426. </row>
  7427. <row>
  7428. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde yǔsān
  7429. bèi názǒu le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7430. </row>
  7431. <row>
  7432. <entry/>
  7433. </row>
  7434. <row>
  7435. <entry>My umbrella was taken.</entry>
  7436. </row>
  7437. </tbody>
  7438. </tgroup>
  7439. </informaltable></para>
  7440. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qí</foreignphrase>: “to
  7441. ride/drive by straddling” While <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  7442. >zuò</foreignphrase> is the verb “to ride” down, qí is the verb “to
  7443. ride” used generally - and specifically when sitting with horses,
  7444. motorcycles and bicycles.</para>
  7445. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">téngsǐ le</foreignphrase>: “to
  7446. hurt a lot,” literally “to hurt to death (figuratively speaking)”</para>
  7447. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liú xuě</foreignphrase>: “to
  7448. bleed,” literally “to flow blood”; <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  7449. >Xuě</foreignphrase> is also pronounced <foreignphrase
  7450. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiě</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
  7451. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xuè</foreignphrase>.</para>
  7452. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tái</foreignphrase>: “to lift or
  7453. carry (by two or more persons)”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
  7454. colsep="1">
  7455. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  7456. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7457. <tbody>
  7458. <row>
  7459. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng bǎ
  7460. zhèige zhuōzi táijìnlái.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7461. </row>
  7462. <row>
  7463. <entry/>
  7464. </row>
  7465. <row>
  7466. <entry>Please carry this table in (with me or someone
  7467. else).</entry>
  7468. </row>
  7469. <row>
  7470. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng bǎ
  7471. zhèi liǎngjiàn dà xíngli táishang chē
  7472. qu.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7473. </row>
  7474. <row>
  7475. <entry/>
  7476. </row>
  7477. <row>
  7478. <entry>Please carry (with me or someone else these two large
  7479. suitcases onto the train.</entry>
  7480. </row>
  7481. <row>
  7482. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bǎ diànshì
  7483. táixià 1óu lai.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7484. </row>
  7485. <row>
  7486. <entry/>
  7487. </row>
  7488. <row>
  7489. <entry>Bring the television downstairs with me.</entry>
  7490. </row>
  7491. </tbody>
  7492. </tgroup>
  7493. </informaltable></para>
  7494. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòng</foreignphrase>: “to move
  7495. (either oneself or something else)”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
  7496. colsep="1">
  7497. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  7498. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7499. <tbody>
  7500. <row>
  7501. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bié
  7502. dòng!</foreignphrase></entry>
  7503. </row>
  7504. <row>
  7505. <entry/>
  7506. </row>
  7507. <row>
  7508. <entry>Don't move.</entry>
  7509. </row>
  7510. <row>
  7511. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiān bú yào
  7512. dòng ta.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7513. </row>
  7514. <row>
  7515. <entry/>
  7516. </row>
  7517. <row>
  7518. <entry>Let's not move him just yet.</entry>
  7519. </row>
  7520. </tbody>
  7521. </tgroup>
  7522. </informaltable></para>
  7523. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dòng</foreignphrase> can also
  7524. mean “to touch” something, so <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bié
  7525. dòng</foreignphrase> can also mean “Don't touch it.”</para>
  7526. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòngbuliǎo</foreignphrase>:
  7527. “unable to move” The endings<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">
  7528. -deliǎo</foreignphrase> “able” and -<foreignphrase
  7529. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">buliǎo</foreignphrase> “unable” are used with
  7530. action verbs to show the result of the action.<informaltable frame="none"
  7531. rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  7532. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  7533. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7534. <tbody>
  7535. <row>
  7536. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zènme duō
  7537. xíngli, wǒ yíge rén
  7538. nábuliǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7539. </row>
  7540. <row>
  7541. <entry/>
  7542. </row>
  7543. <row>
  7544. <entry>I can't carry all this luggage by myself.</entry>
  7545. </row>
  7546. <row>
  7547. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā kāi dāo
  7548. bù jiǔ, hái zǒubuliāo lù.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7549. </row>
  7550. <row>
  7551. <entry/>
  7552. </row>
  7553. <row>
  7554. <entry>It hasn't been long since the operation. She's not
  7555. yet able to walk.</entry>
  7556. </row>
  7557. <row>
  7558. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xià zhème
  7559. dà yǔ. Xiànzài zěubuliǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7560. </row>
  7561. <row>
  7562. <entry/>
  7563. </row>
  7564. <row>
  7565. <entry>It's raining so hard. We can't leave now.</entry>
  7566. </row>
  7567. </tbody>
  7568. </tgroup>
  7569. </informaltable></para>
  7570. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎshàng</foreignphrase>:
  7571. “immediately, right away,” literally “on a horse”</para>
  7572. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dǎ diànhuà</foreignphrase>: “to
  7573. make a phone call,” literally “to hit electric-speech.” To indicate who you
  7574. are calling, use the prepositional verb <foreignphrase
  7575. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase> “for, to.”<informaltable
  7576. frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  7577. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  7578. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7579. <tbody>
  7580. <row>
  7581. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ gěi shéi
  7582. dǎ diànhuà?</foreignphrase></entry>
  7583. </row>
  7584. <row>
  7585. <entry/>
  7586. </row>
  7587. <row>
  7588. <entry>Who are you calling?</entry>
  7589. </row>
  7590. <row>
  7591. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Lǎo Wáng
  7592. yòu gěi ni dǎ diàn huà le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7593. </row>
  7594. <row>
  7595. <entry/>
  7596. </row>
  7597. <row>
  7598. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Lǎo
  7599. Wáng</foreignphrase> called you again.</entry>
  7600. </row>
  7601. </tbody>
  7602. </tgroup>
  7603. </informaltable></para>
  7604. <para>The noun <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diànhuà</foreignphrase>
  7605. by itself can mean either “telephone” or “telephone call.”<informaltable
  7606. frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  7607. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  7608. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7609. <tbody>
  7610. <row>
  7611. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ hái
  7612. méiyou diànhuà ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
  7613. </row>
  7614. <row>
  7615. <entry/>
  7616. </row>
  7617. <row>
  7618. <entry>Are you still without a phone?</entry>
  7619. </row>
  7620. <row>
  7621. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yǒu nǐde
  7622. diànhuà.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7623. </row>
  7624. <row>
  7625. <entry/>
  7626. </row>
  7627. <row>
  7628. <entry>There's a call for you.</entry>
  7629. </row>
  7630. </tbody>
  7631. </tgroup>
  7632. </informaltable></para>
  7633. <para>Sometimes you can use <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  7634. >diànhuà</foreignphrase> where English would have “telephone number”:
  7635. <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  7636. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  7637. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7638. <tbody>
  7639. <row>
  7640. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐde
  7641. diànhuà shi duōshao?</foreignphrase></entry>
  7642. </row>
  7643. <row>
  7644. <entry/>
  7645. </row>
  7646. <row>
  7647. <entry>What is your telephone number?</entry>
  7648. </row>
  7649. </tbody>
  7650. </tgroup>
  7651. </informaltable></para>
  7652. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhāojí</foreignphrase>: “to get
  7653. upset, to get excited with worry, to feel anxious”<informaltable
  7654. frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  7655. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  7656. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7657. <tbody>
  7658. <row>
  7659. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ tài
  7660. zhāojí. Wǒmen zhèr méiyou shénme
  7661. wèntí.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7662. </row>
  7663. <row>
  7664. <entry/>
  7665. </row>
  7666. <row>
  7667. <entry>You're too anxious/worried. We don't have any
  7668. problems here.</entry>
  7669. </row>
  7670. </tbody>
  7671. </tgroup>
  7672. </informaltable></para>
  7673. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kān</foreignphrase>: “to look
  7674. after (something)” The verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  7675. >kàn</foreignphrase> “to look, to see” changes tones when it means “to
  7676. look after something.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  7677. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  7678. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7679. <tbody>
  7680. <row>
  7681. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ qù
  7682. Xiānggǎngde shíhou, shéi gěi ni kān
  7683. fángzi?</foreignphrase></entry>
  7684. </row>
  7685. <row>
  7686. <entry/>
  7687. </row>
  7688. <row>
  7689. <entry>Who'll be looking after your house when you go to
  7690. Hong Kong?</entry>
  7691. </row>
  7692. <row>
  7693. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shéi gěi ni
  7694. kān háizi?</foreignphrase></entry>
  7695. </row>
  7696. <row>
  7697. <entry/>
  7698. </row>
  7699. <row>
  7700. <entry>Who looks after the children (OR babysits) for
  7701. you?</entry>
  7702. </row>
  7703. </tbody>
  7704. </tgroup>
  7705. </informaltable></para>
  7706. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhe</foreignphrase>: This is
  7707. the marker of DURATION. It may be added to an action or process verb to
  7708. indicate that the action lasts for some amount of time. In the sentence
  7709. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zài zhèr kānzhe
  7710. ta</foreignphrase> “I'll stay here and look after him,” the speaker is
  7711. saying that he will do this and CONTINUE it for some time. <foreignphrase
  7712. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-Zhe</foreignphrase> can be used whether the
  7713. time is past, present or future.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
  7714. colsep="1">
  7715. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  7716. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7717. <tbody>
  7718. <row>
  7719. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zài
  7720. nèibiān zuòzhe, Xiǎo Lán pǎojinlai gàosu ta bàba
  7721. huílai le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7722. </row>
  7723. <row>
  7724. <entry/>
  7725. </row>
  7726. <row>
  7727. <entry>She was sitting there when <foreignphrase
  7728. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiāo Lán</foreignphrase>
  7729. ran in and told her papa had returned.</entry>
  7730. </row>
  7731. </tbody>
  7732. </tgroup>
  7733. </informaltable></para>
  7734. <para>
  7735. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā hāi bìngzhe ne.</foreignphrase>
  7736. He's still sick. (The <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  7737. >-zhe</foreignphrase> tells you that the illness is lasting for some
  7738. time. Without <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  7739. >-zhe</foreignphrase>, bin, means “get sick,” not “be sick. Ne tells you
  7740. this is not a new situation [absence of change!]<informaltable frame="none"
  7741. rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  7742. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  7743. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7744. <tbody>
  7745. <row>
  7746. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zuòzhe
  7747. ba.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7748. </row>
  7749. <row>
  7750. <entry/>
  7751. </row>
  7752. <row>
  7753. <entry>Sit for a while.</entry>
  7754. </row>
  7755. </tbody>
  7756. </tgroup>
  7757. </informaltable></para>
  7758. </section>
  7759. <section>
  7760. <title>Dialogue for Part 2</title>
  7761. <para>A passerby (B) on a street in Beijing is called by the driver of a motor
  7762. cycle (A) who has Just had an accident with a pedestrian (C).</para>
  7763. <para/>
  7764. </section>
  7765. </section>
  7766. <section>
  7767. <title>Part 3</title>
  7768. <section>
  7769. <title>Reference List</title>
  7770. <para/>
  7771. </section>
  7772. <section>
  7773. <title>Reference Notes on Part 3</title>
  7774. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">páizi</foreignphrase>: “sign,
  7775. poster, plate,” also a “brand name, trademark”<informaltable frame="none"
  7776. rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  7777. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  7778. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7779. <tbody>
  7780. <row>
  7781. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ mǎide
  7782. shi shénme páizide
  7783. zhàoxiàngjī?</foreignphrase></entry>
  7784. </row>
  7785. <row>
  7786. <entry/>
  7787. </row>
  7788. <row>
  7789. <entry>What brand of camera did you buy?</entry>
  7790. </row>
  7791. <row>
  7792. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nèige hóng
  7793. páizishang xiěde shi shénme?</foreignphrase></entry>
  7794. </row>
  7795. <row>
  7796. <entry/>
  7797. </row>
  7798. <row>
  7799. <entry>What is written on that red sign ?</entry>
  7800. </row>
  7801. </tbody>
  7802. </tgroup>
  7803. </informaltable></para>
  7804. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhùyì</foreignphrase>: “to pay
  7805. attention to, to take notice of”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
  7806. colsep="1">
  7807. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  7808. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7809. <tbody>
  7810. <row>
  7811. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ méi
  7812. zhùyì tā shi gēn shéi zǒude.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7813. </row>
  7814. <row>
  7815. <entry/>
  7816. </row>
  7817. <row>
  7818. <entry>I didn't notice who he left with.</entry>
  7819. </row>
  7820. <row>
  7821. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhùyì
  7822. diǎnr!</foreignphrase></entry>
  7823. </row>
  7824. <row>
  7825. <entry/>
  7826. </row>
  7827. <row>
  7828. <entry>Please pay a little more attention!</entry>
  7829. </row>
  7830. </tbody>
  7831. </tgroup>
  7832. </informaltable></para>
  7833. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kéyi bù kéyi</foreignphrase>:
  7834. “cannot” Of the three auxiliary verbs <foreignphrase
  7835. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">néng</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase
  7836. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huì</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
  7837. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kéyi</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase
  7838. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kéyi</foreignphrase> is the one to use when
  7839. the “can” or “cannot” is due to someone granting or withholding
  7840. permission.</para>
  7841. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yóuyǒng</foreignphrase>: “to
  7842. swim”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  7843. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  7844. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7845. <tbody>
  7846. <row>
  7847. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ huì bu
  7848. huì yóuyǒng? </foreignphrase></entry>
  7849. </row>
  7850. <row>
  7851. <entry/>
  7852. </row>
  7853. <row>
  7854. <entry>Can you swim?</entry>
  7855. </row>
  7856. <row>
  7857. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ yóuyǒng
  7858. yóude bú tài hǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7859. </row>
  7860. <row>
  7861. <entry/>
  7862. </row>
  7863. <row>
  7864. <entry>I don't swim too well.</entry>
  7865. </row>
  7866. </tbody>
  7867. </tgroup>
  7868. </informaltable></para>
  7869. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wéixiǎn</foreignphrase>: “to be
  7870. dangerous, to be perilous” Also pronounced <foreignphrase
  7871. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wēixiǎn</foreignphrase>.<informaltable
  7872. frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
  7873. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  7874. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7875. <tbody>
  7876. <row>
  7877. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài Táiběi
  7878. qí mōtuōchē tài wéixiǎn le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7879. </row>
  7880. <row>
  7881. <entry/>
  7882. </row>
  7883. <row>
  7884. <entry>It's too dangerous to ride a motorcycle in
  7885. Taipei.</entry>
  7886. </row>
  7887. <row>
  7888. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā bú pà
  7889. wéixiǎn, tā shénme dōu yào
  7890. zuò.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7891. </row>
  7892. <row>
  7893. <entry/>
  7894. </row>
  7895. <row>
  7896. <entry>He's not afraid of danger. He'll do anything.</entry>
  7897. </row>
  7898. </tbody>
  7899. </tgroup>
  7900. </informaltable></para>
  7901. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gùyì</foreignphrase>:
  7902. “intentionally, willfully, on purpose”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
  7903. colsep="1">
  7904. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  7905. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7906. <tbody>
  7907. <row>
  7908. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā gùyì bǎ
  7909. nèixie shū diū le.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7910. </row>
  7911. <row>
  7912. <entry/>
  7913. </row>
  7914. <row>
  7915. <entry>She lost those books on purpose.</entry>
  7916. </row>
  7917. <row>
  7918. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Duìbuqǐ, wǒ
  7919. bú shi gùyì (zuò)de.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7920. </row>
  7921. <row>
  7922. <entry/>
  7923. </row>
  7924. <row>
  7925. <entry>I'm sorry, I didn't do it on purpose.</entry>
  7926. </row>
  7927. </tbody>
  7928. </tgroup>
  7929. </informaltable></para>
  7930. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ràng</foreignphrase>: “to let,
  7931. to allow, to cause (someone to do something).” This is a prepositional verb,
  7932. i.e. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ràng</foreignphrase> and its
  7933. object both precede the main verb.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
  7934. colsep="1">
  7935. <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
  7936. <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
  7937. <tbody>
  7938. <row>
  7939. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā bú ràng
  7940. wǒ zǒu.</foreignphrase></entry>
  7941. </row>
  7942. <row>
  7943. <entry/>
  7944. </row>
  7945. <row>
  7946. <entry>She won't let me leave.</entry>
  7947. </row>
  7948. <row>
  7949. <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ zěnme
  7950. kéyi ràng tā zènme bù
  7951. gāoxìng?</foreignphrase></entry>
  7952. </row>
  7953. <row>
  7954. <entry/>
  7955. </row>
  7956. <row>
  7957. <entry>How could you make her so unhappy?</entry>
  7958. </row>
  7959. </tbody>
  7960. </tgroup>
  7961. </informaltable></para>
  7962. </section>
  7963. <section>
  7964. <title>First Dialogue for Part 3</title>
  7965. <para>A Canadian man (M) has Just entered an area in <foreignphrase
  7966. xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase> prohibited to
  7967. foreigners, having failed to notice a sign in English to that effect. A
  7968. policewoman (F) calls out to him.</para>
  7969. <para/>
  7970. </section>
  7971. <section>
  7972. <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
  7973. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhǐdao le</foreignphrase>: “now
  7974. I know,” or “I understand” This is the marker le for new situations.</para>
  7975. </section>
  7976. <section>
  7977. <title>Second Dialogue for Part 3</title>
  7978. <para>An American woman and her two children are swimming along the beach in
  7979. Taiwan. A soldier calls to them.</para>
  7980. <para/>
  7981. </section>
  7982. <section>
  7983. <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
  7984. <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàcì bú yào zài lai
  7985. le</foreignphrase>: “in the future don't come here again (any more).” In
  7986. addition to meaning “next time,” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
  7987. >xiàcì</foreignphrase> can mean generally “in the future.”</para>
  7988. </section>
  7989. </section>
  7990. </section>
  7991. <section>
  7992. <title>Vocabulary</title>
  7993. <para>
  7994. <informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
  7995. <tgroup cols="3">
  7996. <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  7997. <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  7998. <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
  7999. <tbody>
  8000. <row>
  8001. <entry>
  8002. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bāng máng</foreignphrase>
  8003. </entry>
  8004. <entry>
  8005. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">帮忙</foreignphrase>
  8006. </entry>
  8007. <entry>
  8008. to help, to aid, to assist
  8009. </entry>
  8010. </row>
  8011. <row>
  8012. <entry>
  8013. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bèi</foreignphrase>
  8014. </entry>
  8015. <entry>
  8016. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">被</foreignphrase>
  8017. </entry>
  8018. <entry>
  8019. by (indicates the one who carries out the action in a passive sentence)
  8020. </entry>
  8021. </row>
  8022. <row>
  8023. <entry>
  8024. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-buliǎo</foreignphrase>
  8025. </entry>
  8026. <entry>
  8027. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">不了</foreignphrase>
  8028. </entry>
  8029. <entry>
  8030. unable to ... (verb ending)
  8031. </entry>
  8032. </row>
  8033. <row>
  8034. <entry>
  8035. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dǎ diànhuà</foreignphrase>
  8036. </entry>
  8037. <entry>
  8038. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">打电话</foreignphrase>
  8039. </entry>
  8040. <entry>
  8041. to make a phone call, to telephone
  8042. </entry>
  8043. </row>
  8044. <row>
  8045. <entry>
  8046. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diànhuà</foreignphrase>
  8047. </entry>
  8048. <entry>
  8049. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">电话</foreignphrase>
  8050. </entry>
  8051. <entry>
  8052. telephone, telephone call
  8053. </entry>
  8054. </row>
  8055. <row>
  8056. <entry>
  8057. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dìqū</foreignphrase>
  8058. </entry>
  8059. <entry>
  8060. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">地区</foreignphrase>
  8061. </entry>
  8062. <entry>
  8063. area, region
  8064. </entry>
  8065. </row>
  8066. <row>
  8067. <entry>
  8068. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diū</foreignphrase>
  8069. </entry>
  8070. <entry>
  8071. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">丟</foreignphrase>
  8072. </entry>
  8073. <entry>
  8074. to lose
  8075. </entry>
  8076. </row>
  8077. <row>
  8078. <entry>
  8079. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòng</foreignphrase>
  8080. </entry>
  8081. <entry>
  8082. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">动</foreignphrase>
  8083. </entry>
  8084. <entry>
  8085. to move
  8086. </entry>
  8087. </row>
  8088. <row>
  8089. <entry>
  8090. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòngbuliǎo</foreignphrase>
  8091. </entry>
  8092. <entry>
  8093. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">东不了</foreignphrase>
  8094. </entry>
  8095. <entry>
  8096. unable to move
  8097. </entry>
  8098. </row>
  8099. <row>
  8100. <entry>
  8101. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duàn</foreignphrase>
  8102. </entry>
  8103. <entry>
  8104. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">断</foreignphrase>
  8105. </entry>
  8106. <entry>
  8107. to sever, to break
  8108. </entry>
  8109. </row>
  8110. <row>
  8111. <entry>
  8112. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fānyì</foreignphrase>
  8113. </entry>
  8114. <entry>
  8115. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">翻译</foreignphrase>
  8116. </entry>
  8117. <entry>
  8118. to interpret, to translate
  8119. </entry>
  8120. </row>
  8121. <row>
  8122. <entry>
  8123. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fāxiàn</foreignphrase>
  8124. </entry>
  8125. <entry>
  8126. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">发现</foreignphrase>
  8127. </entry>
  8128. <entry>
  8129. to discover
  8130. </entry>
  8131. </row>
  8132. <row>
  8133. <entry>
  8134. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Góng’ānjú</foreignphrase>
  8135. </entry>
  8136. <entry>
  8137. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">公安局</foreignphrase>
  8138. </entry>
  8139. <entry>
  8140. Bureau of Public Security (PRC)
  8141. </entry>
  8142. </row>
  8143. <row>
  8144. <entry>
  8145. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gútou</foreignphrase>
  8146. </entry>
  8147. <entry>
  8148. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">骨头</foreignphrase>
  8149. </entry>
  8150. <entry>
  8151. bone
  8152. </entry>
  8153. </row>
  8154. <row>
  8155. <entry>
  8156. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gùyì</foreignphrase>
  8157. </entry>
  8158. <entry>
  8159. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">故意</foreignphrase>
  8160. </entry>
  8161. <entry>
  8162. intentionally, willfully, on purpose
  8163. </entry>
  8164. </row>
  8165. <row>
  8166. <entry>
  8167. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiàshǐ</foreignphrase>
  8168. </entry>
  8169. <entry>
  8170. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">驾驶</foreignphrase>
  8171. </entry>
  8172. <entry>
  8173. driver, pilot; to drive, to pilot
  8174. </entry>
  8175. </row>
  8176. <row>
  8177. <entry>
  8178. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiàshǐ zhízhào</foreignphrase>
  8179. </entry>
  8180. <entry>
  8181. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">驾驶执照</foreignphrase>
  8182. </entry>
  8183. <entry>
  8184. driver’s license
  8185. </entry>
  8186. </row>
  8187. <row>
  8188. <entry>
  8189. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jǐngchá</foreignphrase>
  8190. </entry>
  8191. <entry>
  8192. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">警察</foreignphrase>
  8193. </entry>
  8194. <entry>
  8195. policeman
  8196. </entry>
  8197. </row>
  8198. <row>
  8199. <entry>
  8200. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jǐngchájú</foreignphrase>
  8201. </entry>
  8202. <entry>
  8203. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">警察局</foreignphrase>
  8204. </entry>
  8205. <entry>
  8206. police station
  8207. </entry>
  8208. </row>
  8209. <row>
  8210. <entry>
  8211. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiùhùchē</foreignphrase>
  8212. </entry>
  8213. <entry>
  8214. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">救护车</foreignphrase>
  8215. </entry>
  8216. <entry>
  8217. ambulance
  8218. </entry>
  8219. </row>
  8220. <row>
  8221. <entry>
  8222. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jūnshì</foreignphrase>
  8223. </entry>
  8224. <entry>
  8225. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">军事</foreignphrase>
  8226. </entry>
  8227. <entry>
  8228. military
  8229. </entry>
  8230. </row>
  8231. <row>
  8232. <entry>
  8233. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kān</foreignphrase>
  8234. </entry>
  8235. <entry>
  8236. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">看</foreignphrase>
  8237. </entry>
  8238. <entry>
  8239. to look after, to watch over
  8240. </entry>
  8241. </row>
  8242. <row>
  8243. <entry>
  8244. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-liàng</foreignphrase>
  8245. </entry>
  8246. <entry>
  8247. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">-辆</foreignphrase>
  8248. </entry>
  8249. <entry>
  8250. (counter for vehicles)
  8251. </entry>
  8252. </row>
  8253. <row>
  8254. <entry>
  8255. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lǐng</foreignphrase>
  8256. </entry>
  8257. <entry>
  8258. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">领</foreignphrase>
  8259. </entry>
  8260. <entry>
  8261. to collect, to pick up (something which is issued)
  8262. </entry>
  8263. </row>
  8264. <row>
  8265. <entry>
  8266. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liú xuě (xiě, xuè)</foreignphrase>
  8267. </entry>
  8268. <entry>
  8269. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">流血</foreignphrase>
  8270. </entry>
  8271. <entry>
  8272. to bleed
  8273. </entry>
  8274. </row>
  8275. <row>
  8276. <entry>
  8277. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lùbiān(r)</foreignphrase>
  8278. </entry>
  8279. <entry>
  8280. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">路边</foreignphrase>
  8281. </entry>
  8282. <entry>
  8283. side of the road
  8284. </entry>
  8285. </row>
  8286. <row>
  8287. <entry>
  8288. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎshàng</foreignphrase>
  8289. </entry>
  8290. <entry>
  8291. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">马上</foreignphrase>
  8292. </entry>
  8293. <entry>
  8294. immediately
  8295. </entry>
  8296. </row>
  8297. <row>
  8298. <entry>
  8299. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mótuōchē (mōtuōchē)</foreignphrase>
  8300. </entry>
  8301. <entry>
  8302. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">摩托车</foreignphrase>
  8303. </entry>
  8304. <entry>
  8305. motorcycle
  8306. </entry>
  8307. </row>
  8308. <row>
  8309. <entry>
  8310. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">páizi</foreignphrase>
  8311. </entry>
  8312. <entry>
  8313. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">牌子</foreignphrase>
  8314. </entry>
  8315. <entry>
  8316. sign, poster, plate; brand name, trade mark
  8317. </entry>
  8318. </row>
  8319. <row>
  8320. <entry>
  8321. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qí</foreignphrase>
  8322. </entry>
  8323. <entry>
  8324. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">骑</foreignphrase>
  8325. </entry>
  8326. <entry>
  8327. to ride by straddling
  8328. </entry>
  8329. </row>
  8330. <row>
  8331. <entry>
  8332. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ràng</foreignphrase>
  8333. </entry>
  8334. <entry>
  8335. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">让</foreignphrase>
  8336. </entry>
  8337. <entry>
  8338. to let, to allow, to cause someone to do something
  8339. </entry>
  8340. </row>
  8341. <row>
  8342. <entry>
  8343. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shéi</foreignphrase>
  8344. </entry>
  8345. <entry>
  8346. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">谁</foreignphrase>
  8347. </entry>
  8348. <entry>
  8349. someone
  8350. </entry>
  8351. </row>
  8352. <row>
  8353. <entry>
  8354. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shìqing</foreignphrase>
  8355. </entry>
  8356. <entry>
  8357. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">事情</foreignphrase>
  8358. </entry>
  8359. <entry>
  8360. matter, affair, business, thing
  8361. </entry>
  8362. </row>
  8363. <row>
  8364. <entry>
  8365. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-sǐle</foreignphrase>
  8366. </entry>
  8367. <entry>
  8368. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">死了</foreignphrase>
  8369. </entry>
  8370. <entry>
  8371. like crazy, to death (state verb ending)
  8372. </entry>
  8373. </row>
  8374. <row>
  8375. <entry>
  8376. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tái</foreignphrase>
  8377. </entry>
  8378. <entry>
  8379. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">抬</foreignphrase>
  8380. </entry>
  8381. <entry>
  8382. to carry (by two or more people)
  8383. </entry>
  8384. </row>
  8385. <row>
  8386. <entry>
  8387. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">téngsǐ le</foreignphrase>
  8388. </entry>
  8389. <entry>
  8390. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">疼死了</foreignphrase>
  8391. </entry>
  8392. <entry>
  8393. to hurt like crazy, to hurt to death (figuratively)
  8394. </entry>
  8395. </row>
  8396. <row>
  8397. <entry>
  8398. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tuǐ</foreignphrase>
  8399. </entry>
  8400. <entry>
  8401. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">腿</foreignphrase>
  8402. </entry>
  8403. <entry>
  8404. leg
  8405. </entry>
  8406. </row>
  8407. <row>
  8408. <entry>
  8409. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàishì</foreignphrase>
  8410. </entry>
  8411. <entry>
  8412. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">外事</foreignphrase>
  8413. </entry>
  8414. <entry>
  8415. foreign affairs
  8416. </entry>
  8417. </row>
  8418. <row>
  8419. <entry>
  8420. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàiguó</foreignphrase>
  8421. </entry>
  8422. <entry>
  8423. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">外国</foreignphrase>
  8424. </entry>
  8425. <entry>
  8426. foreign country
  8427. </entry>
  8428. </row>
  8429. <row>
  8430. <entry>
  8431. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wéixiǎn (wēixiǎn)</foreignphrase>
  8432. </entry>
  8433. <entry>
  8434. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">危险</foreignphrase>
  8435. </entry>
  8436. <entry>
  8437. to be dangerous, to be perilous, danger
  8438. </entry>
  8439. </row>
  8440. <row>
  8441. <entry>
  8442. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yàoburán</foreignphrase>
  8443. </entry>
  8444. <entry>
  8445. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">要不然</foreignphrase>
  8446. </entry>
  8447. <entry>
  8448. otherwise, or else
  8449. </entry>
  8450. </row>
  8451. <row>
  8452. <entry>
  8453. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yóuyǒng</foreignphrase>
  8454. </entry>
  8455. <entry>
  8456. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">游泳</foreignphrase>
  8457. </entry>
  8458. <entry>
  8459. to swim
  8460. </entry>
  8461. </row>
  8462. <row>
  8463. <entry>
  8464. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zāogāo</foreignphrase>
  8465. </entry>
  8466. <entry>
  8467. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">糟糕</foreignphrase>
  8468. </entry>
  8469. <entry>
  8470. oh no! how awful! how terrible! what a mess!; to be awful
  8471. </entry>
  8472. </row>
  8473. <row>
  8474. <entry>
  8475. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhāojí</foreignphrase>
  8476. </entry>
  8477. <entry>
  8478. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">着急</foreignphrase>
  8479. </entry>
  8480. <entry>
  8481. to get upset, to be anxious, to be worried
  8482. </entry>
  8483. </row>
  8484. <row>
  8485. <entry>
  8486. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhào xiàng</foreignphrase>
  8487. </entry>
  8488. <entry>
  8489. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">照相</foreignphrase>
  8490. </entry>
  8491. <entry>
  8492. to take a picture
  8493. </entry>
  8494. </row>
  8495. <row>
  8496. <entry>
  8497. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhe</foreignphrase>
  8498. </entry>
  8499. <entry>
  8500. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">-着 </foreignphrase>
  8501. </entry>
  8502. <entry>
  8503. marker of duration for actions and states
  8504. </entry>
  8505. </row>
  8506. <row>
  8507. <entry>
  8508. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhuàng</foreignphrase>
  8509. </entry>
  8510. <entry>
  8511. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">撞</foreignphrase>
  8512. </entry>
  8513. <entry>
  8514. to bump into, to run into, to collide with
  8515. </entry>
  8516. </row>
  8517. <row>
  8518. <entry>
  8519. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhùyì (zhùyi)</foreignphrase>
  8520. </entry>
  8521. <entry>
  8522. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">注意</foreignphrase>
  8523. </entry>
  8524. <entry>
  8525. to pay attention, to take notice
  8526. </entry>
  8527. </row>
  8528. </tbody>
  8529. </tgroup>
  8530. </informaltable></para>
  8531. </section>
  8532. </section>
  8533. <section>
  8534. <title>Appendixes</title>
  8535. <section>
  8536. <title>Parts of the body</title><para>
  8537. <informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
  8538. <tgroup cols="3">
  8539. <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  8540. <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  8541. <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
  8542. <tbody>
  8543. <row>
  8544. <entry>
  8545. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fù(bù)</foreignphrase>
  8546. </entry>
  8547. <entry>
  8548. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">腹部</foreignphrase>
  8549. </entry>
  8550. <entry>
  8551. abdomen
  8552. </entry>
  8553. </row>
  8554. <row>
  8555. <entry>
  8556. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǎowànzi</foreignphrase>
  8557. </entry>
  8558. <entry>
  8559. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">脚腕子</foreignphrase>
  8560. </entry>
  8561. <entry>
  8562. ankle
  8563. </entry>
  8564. </row>
  8565. <row>
  8566. <entry>
  8567. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lánwěi</foreignphrase>
  8568. </entry>
  8569. <entry>
  8570. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">阑尾</foreignphrase>
  8571. </entry>
  8572. <entry>
  8573. appendix
  8574. </entry>
  8575. </row>
  8576. <row>
  8577. <entry>
  8578. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gēbei, gēbo, shǒubì</foreignphrase>
  8579. </entry>
  8580. <entry>
  8581. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">胳臂,胳膊,手臂</foreignphrase>
  8582. </entry>
  8583. <entry>
  8584. arm
  8585. </entry>
  8586. </row>
  8587. <row>
  8588. <entry>
  8589. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bèi</foreignphrase>
  8590. </entry>
  8591. <entry>
  8592. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">背</foreignphrase>
  8593. </entry>
  8594. <entry>
  8595. back
  8596. </entry>
  8597. </row>
  8598. <row>
  8599. <entry>
  8600. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiě, xuě, xuè</foreignphrase>
  8601. </entry>
  8602. <entry>
  8603. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">血</foreignphrase>
  8604. </entry>
  8605. <entry>
  8606. blood
  8607. </entry>
  8608. </row>
  8609. <row>
  8610. <entry>
  8611. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xuěguǎn(r)</foreignphrase>
  8612. </entry>
  8613. <entry>
  8614. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">血管</foreignphrase>
  8615. </entry>
  8616. <entry>
  8617. blood vessel
  8618. </entry>
  8619. </row>
  8620. <row>
  8621. <entry>
  8622. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gútou, gǔtou</foreignphrase>
  8623. </entry>
  8624. <entry>
  8625. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">骨头</foreignphrase>
  8626. </entry>
  8627. <entry>
  8628. bone
  8629. </entry>
  8630. </row>
  8631. <row>
  8632. <entry>
  8633. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǎo(zi)</foreignphrase>
  8634. </entry>
  8635. <entry>
  8636. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">脑(子)</foreignphrase>
  8637. </entry>
  8638. <entry>
  8639. brain
  8640. </entry>
  8641. </row>
  8642. <row>
  8643. <entry>
  8644. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rǔfáng, nǎi, rǔ</foreignphrase>
  8645. </entry>
  8646. <entry>
  8647. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">乳房,奶,乳</foreignphrase>
  8648. </entry>
  8649. <entry>
  8650. breast
  8651. </entry>
  8652. </row>
  8653. <row>
  8654. <entry>
  8655. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pìgǔ</foreignphrase>
  8656. </entry>
  8657. <entry>
  8658. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">屁股</foreignphrase>
  8659. </entry>
  8660. <entry>
  8661. buttocks
  8662. </entry>
  8663. </row>
  8664. <row>
  8665. <entry>
  8666. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">miànjiá, sāi</foreignphrase>
  8667. </entry>
  8668. <entry>
  8669. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">面颊,腮</foreignphrase>
  8670. </entry>
  8671. <entry>
  8672. cheek
  8673. </entry>
  8674. </row>
  8675. <row>
  8676. <entry>
  8677. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiōngbù, xiōngtáng</foreignphrase>
  8678. </entry>
  8679. <entry>
  8680. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">胸部,胸膛</foreignphrase>
  8681. </entry>
  8682. <entry>
  8683. chest
  8684. </entry>
  8685. </row>
  8686. <row>
  8687. <entry>
  8688. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàba</foreignphrase>
  8689. </entry>
  8690. <entry>
  8691. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">下巴</foreignphrase>
  8692. </entry>
  8693. <entry>
  8694. chin
  8695. </entry>
  8696. </row>
  8697. <row>
  8698. <entry>
  8699. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ěrduo</foreignphrase>
  8700. </entry>
  8701. <entry>
  8702. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">耳朵</foreignphrase>
  8703. </entry>
  8704. <entry>
  8705. ear
  8706. </entry>
  8707. </row>
  8708. <row>
  8709. <entry>
  8710. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gēbeizhǒu(r)</foreignphrase>
  8711. </entry>
  8712. <entry>
  8713. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">胳膊肘</foreignphrase>
  8714. </entry>
  8715. <entry>
  8716. elbow
  8717. </entry>
  8718. </row>
  8719. <row>
  8720. <entry>
  8721. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǎnjīng</foreignphrase>
  8722. </entry>
  8723. <entry>
  8724. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">眼睛</foreignphrase>
  8725. </entry>
  8726. <entry>
  8727. eye
  8728. </entry>
  8729. </row>
  8730. <row>
  8731. <entry>
  8732. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǎnzhūzi (colloquial), yǎnqiú</foreignphrase>
  8733. </entry>
  8734. <entry>
  8735. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">眼珠子,眼球</foreignphrase>
  8736. </entry>
  8737. <entry>
  8738. eyeball
  8739. </entry>
  8740. </row>
  8741. <row>
  8742. <entry>
  8743. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méimao</foreignphrase>
  8744. </entry>
  8745. <entry>
  8746. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">眉毛</foreignphrase>
  8747. </entry>
  8748. <entry>
  8749. eyebrow
  8750. </entry>
  8751. </row>
  8752. <row>
  8753. <entry>
  8754. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎn</foreignphrase>
  8755. </entry>
  8756. <entry>
  8757. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">脸</foreignphrase>
  8758. </entry>
  8759. <entry>
  8760. face
  8761. </entry>
  8762. </row>
  8763. <row>
  8764. <entry>
  8765. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǒuzhítou, shǒuzhǐtou</foreignphrase>
  8766. </entry>
  8767. <entry>
  8768. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">手指头</foreignphrase>
  8769. </entry>
  8770. <entry>
  8771. finger
  8772. </entry>
  8773. </row>
  8774. <row>
  8775. <entry>
  8776. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhījia, zhǐjiǎ</foreignphrase>
  8777. </entry>
  8778. <entry>
  8779. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">指甲</foreignphrase>
  8780. </entry>
  8781. <entry>
  8782. fingernail
  8783. </entry>
  8784. </row>
  8785. <row>
  8786. <entry>
  8787. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǎo</foreignphrase>
  8788. </entry>
  8789. <entry>
  8790. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">脚</foreignphrase>
  8791. </entry>
  8792. <entry>
  8793. foot
  8794. </entry>
  8795. </row>
  8796. <row>
  8797. <entry>
  8798. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yáchuáng</foreignphrase>
  8799. </entry>
  8800. <entry>
  8801. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">牙床</foreignphrase>
  8802. </entry>
  8803. <entry>
  8804. gums
  8805. </entry>
  8806. </row>
  8807. <row>
  8808. <entry>
  8809. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǒu</foreignphrase>
  8810. </entry>
  8811. <entry>
  8812. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">手</foreignphrase>
  8813. </entry>
  8814. <entry>
  8815. hand
  8816. </entry>
  8817. </row>
  8818. <row>
  8819. <entry>
  8820. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóu</foreignphrase>
  8821. </entry>
  8822. <entry>
  8823. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">头</foreignphrase>
  8824. </entry>
  8825. <entry>
  8826. head
  8827. </entry>
  8828. </row>
  8829. <row>
  8830. <entry>
  8831. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīnzàng</foreignphrase>
  8832. </entry>
  8833. <entry>
  8834. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">心脏</foreignphrase>
  8835. </entry>
  8836. <entry>
  8837. heart
  8838. </entry>
  8839. </row>
  8840. <row>
  8841. <entry>
  8842. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǎogēn</foreignphrase>
  8843. </entry>
  8844. <entry>
  8845. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">脚跟</foreignphrase>
  8846. </entry>
  8847. <entry>
  8848. heel
  8849. </entry>
  8850. </row>
  8851. <row>
  8852. <entry>
  8853. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chángzi</foreignphrase>
  8854. </entry>
  8855. <entry>
  8856. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肠子</foreignphrase>
  8857. </entry>
  8858. <entry>
  8859. intestines
  8860. </entry>
  8861. </row>
  8862. <row>
  8863. <entry>
  8864. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guānjié</foreignphrase>
  8865. </entry>
  8866. <entry>
  8867. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">关节</foreignphrase>
  8868. </entry>
  8869. <entry>
  8870. joint
  8871. </entry>
  8872. </row>
  8873. <row>
  8874. <entry>
  8875. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shèn(zàng)</foreignphrase>
  8876. </entry>
  8877. <entry>
  8878. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肾(脏)</foreignphrase>
  8879. </entry>
  8880. <entry>
  8881. kidney
  8882. </entry>
  8883. </row>
  8884. <row>
  8885. <entry>
  8886. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīgài</foreignphrase>
  8887. </entry>
  8888. <entry>
  8889. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">膝盖</foreignphrase>
  8890. </entry>
  8891. <entry>
  8892. knee
  8893. </entry>
  8894. </row>
  8895. <row>
  8896. <entry>
  8897. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tuí</foreignphrase>
  8898. </entry>
  8899. <entry>
  8900. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">腿</foreignphrase>
  8901. </entry>
  8902. <entry>
  8903. leg
  8904. </entry>
  8905. </row>
  8906. <row>
  8907. <entry>
  8908. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuǐchún</foreignphrase>
  8909. </entry>
  8910. <entry>
  8911. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">嘴唇</foreignphrase>
  8912. </entry>
  8913. <entry>
  8914. lip
  8915. </entry>
  8916. </row>
  8917. <row>
  8918. <entry>
  8919. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gānzàng</foreignphrase>
  8920. </entry>
  8921. <entry>
  8922. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肝脏</foreignphrase>
  8923. </entry>
  8924. <entry>
  8925. liver
  8926. </entry>
  8927. </row>
  8928. <row>
  8929. <entry>
  8930. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fèi</foreignphrase>
  8931. </entry>
  8932. <entry>
  8933. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肺</foreignphrase>
  8934. </entry>
  8935. <entry>
  8936. lung
  8937. </entry>
  8938. </row>
  8939. <row>
  8940. <entry>
  8941. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuī, kǒu</foreignphrase>
  8942. </entry>
  8943. <entry>
  8944. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">嘴,口</foreignphrase>
  8945. </entry>
  8946. <entry>
  8947. mouth
  8948. </entry>
  8949. </row>
  8950. <row>
  8951. <entry>
  8952. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jīròu</foreignphrase>
  8953. </entry>
  8954. <entry>
  8955. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肌肉</foreignphrase>
  8956. </entry>
  8957. <entry>
  8958. muscle
  8959. </entry>
  8960. </row>
  8961. <row>
  8962. <entry>
  8963. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bózi</foreignphrase>
  8964. </entry>
  8965. <entry>
  8966. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">脖子</foreignphrase>
  8967. </entry>
  8968. <entry>
  8969. neck
  8970. </entry>
  8971. </row>
  8972. <row>
  8973. <entry>
  8974. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shénjīng</foreignphrase>
  8975. </entry>
  8976. <entry>
  8977. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">神经</foreignphrase>
  8978. </entry>
  8979. <entry>
  8980. nerve
  8981. </entry>
  8982. </row>
  8983. <row>
  8984. <entry>
  8985. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bízi</foreignphrase>
  8986. </entry>
  8987. <entry>
  8988. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鼻子</foreignphrase>
  8989. </entry>
  8990. <entry>
  8991. nose
  8992. </entry>
  8993. </row>
  8994. <row>
  8995. <entry>
  8996. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lèigǔ, lègǔ</foreignphrase>
  8997. </entry>
  8998. <entry>
  8999. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肋骨</foreignphrase>
  9000. </entry>
  9001. <entry>
  9002. rib
  9003. </entry>
  9004. </row>
  9005. <row>
  9006. <entry>
  9007. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiānbǎng</foreignphrase>
  9008. </entry>
  9009. <entry>
  9010. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肩膀</foreignphrase>
  9011. </entry>
  9012. <entry>
  9013. shoulder
  9014. </entry>
  9015. </row>
  9016. <row>
  9017. <entry>
  9018. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pífu</foreignphrase>
  9019. </entry>
  9020. <entry>
  9021. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">皮肤</foreignphrase>
  9022. </entry>
  9023. <entry>
  9024. skin
  9025. </entry>
  9026. </row>
  9027. <row>
  9028. <entry>
  9029. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jílianggǔ</foreignphrase>
  9030. </entry>
  9031. <entry>
  9032. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">脊梁骨</foreignphrase>
  9033. </entry>
  9034. <entry>
  9035. spine
  9036. </entry>
  9037. </row>
  9038. <row>
  9039. <entry>
  9040. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wèi; dùzi </foreignphrase>
  9041. </entry>
  9042. <entry>
  9043. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">胃,肚子</foreignphrase>
  9044. </entry>
  9045. <entry>
  9046. stomach (belly)
  9047. </entry>
  9048. </row>
  9049. <row>
  9050. <entry>
  9051. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiàn, jīn (colloquial)</foreignphrase>
  9052. </entry>
  9053. <entry>
  9054. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">腱,肌</foreignphrase>
  9055. </entry>
  9056. <entry>
  9057. tendon
  9058. </entry>
  9059. </row>
  9060. <row>
  9061. <entry>
  9062. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàtuǐ</foreignphrase>
  9063. </entry>
  9064. <entry>
  9065. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大腿</foreignphrase>
  9066. </entry>
  9067. <entry>
  9068. thigh
  9069. </entry>
  9070. </row>
  9071. <row>
  9072. <entry>
  9073. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hóulong</foreignphrase>
  9074. </entry>
  9075. <entry>
  9076. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">喉咙</foreignphrase>
  9077. </entry>
  9078. <entry>
  9079. throat
  9080. </entry>
  9081. </row>
  9082. <row>
  9083. <entry>
  9084. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǔzhǐ</foreignphrase>
  9085. </entry>
  9086. <entry>
  9087. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">拇指</foreignphrase>
  9088. </entry>
  9089. <entry>
  9090. thumb
  9091. </entry>
  9092. </row>
  9093. <row>
  9094. <entry>
  9095. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǎozhítou, jiǎozhǐ</foreignphrase>
  9096. </entry>
  9097. <entry>
  9098. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">脚趾头,脚趾</foreignphrase>
  9099. </entry>
  9100. <entry>
  9101. toe
  9102. </entry>
  9103. </row>
  9104. <row>
  9105. <entry>
  9106. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shétou</foreignphrase>
  9107. </entry>
  9108. <entry>
  9109. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">舌头</foreignphrase>
  9110. </entry>
  9111. <entry>
  9112. tongue
  9113. </entry>
  9114. </row>
  9115. <row>
  9116. <entry>
  9117. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">biǎntáoxiàn</foreignphrase>
  9118. </entry>
  9119. <entry>
  9120. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">扁桃腺</foreignphrase>
  9121. </entry>
  9122. <entry>
  9123. tonsils
  9124. </entry>
  9125. </row>
  9126. <row>
  9127. <entry>
  9128. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yá, yáchǐ</foreignphrase>
  9129. </entry>
  9130. <entry>
  9131. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">牙,牙齿</foreignphrase>
  9132. </entry>
  9133. <entry>
  9134. tooth
  9135. </entry>
  9136. </row>
  9137. <row>
  9138. <entry>
  9139. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wànzi</foreignphrase>
  9140. </entry>
  9141. <entry>
  9142. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">腕子</foreignphrase>
  9143. </entry>
  9144. <entry>
  9145. wrist
  9146. </entry>
  9147. </row>
  9148. </tbody>
  9149. </tgroup>
  9150. </informaltable></para>
  9151. </section>
  9152. <section>
  9153. <title>Medical Conditions and Illnesses</title><para>
  9154. <informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
  9155. <tgroup cols="3">
  9156. <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  9157. <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  9158. <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
  9159. <tbody>
  9160. <row>
  9161. <entry>
  9162. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nóngzhǒng</foreignphrase>
  9163. </entry>
  9164. <entry>
  9165. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">脓肿</foreignphrase>
  9166. </entry>
  9167. <entry>
  9168. abscess
  9169. </entry>
  9170. </row>
  9171. <row>
  9172. <entry>
  9173. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duì...guòmǐn</foreignphrase>
  9174. </entry>
  9175. <entry>
  9176. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">对。。。过敏</foreignphrase>
  9177. </entry>
  9178. <entry>
  9179. allergic to...
  9180. </entry>
  9181. </row>
  9182. <row>
  9183. <entry>
  9184. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guòmǐnzhèng</foreignphrase>
  9185. </entry>
  9186. <entry>
  9187. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">过敏症</foreignphrase>
  9188. </entry>
  9189. <entry>
  9190. allergy
  9191. </entry>
  9192. </row>
  9193. <row>
  9194. <entry>
  9195. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lánwěiyán</foreignphrase>
  9196. </entry>
  9197. <entry>
  9198. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">appendicitis</foreignphrase>
  9199. </entry>
  9200. <entry>
  9201. appendicitis
  9202. </entry>
  9203. </row>
  9204. <row>
  9205. <entry>
  9206. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guǎnjiéyán</foreignphrase>
  9207. </entry>
  9208. <entry>
  9209. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">关节炎</foreignphrase>
  9210. </entry>
  9211. <entry>
  9212. arthritis
  9213. </entry>
  9214. </row>
  9215. <row>
  9216. <entry>
  9217. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qìchuǎnbìng</foreignphrase>
  9218. </entry>
  9219. <entry>
  9220. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">气喘病</foreignphrase>
  9221. </entry>
  9222. <entry>
  9223. asthma
  9224. </entry>
  9225. </row>
  9226. <row>
  9227. <entry>
  9228. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huòluàn</foreignphrase>
  9229. </entry>
  9230. <entry>
  9231. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">霍乱</foreignphrase>
  9232. </entry>
  9233. <entry>
  9234. cholera
  9235. </entry>
  9236. </row>
  9237. <row>
  9238. <entry>
  9239. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎnmào, shāngfēng, zhāoliáng</foreignphrase>
  9240. </entry>
  9241. <entry>
  9242. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">感冒,伤风,着凉</foreignphrase>
  9243. </entry>
  9244. <entry>
  9245. cold
  9246. </entry>
  9247. </row>
  9248. <row>
  9249. <entry>
  9250. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chōujīn</foreignphrase>
  9251. </entry>
  9252. <entry>
  9253. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">抽筋</foreignphrase>
  9254. </entry>
  9255. <entry>
  9256. cramp
  9257. </entry>
  9258. </row>
  9259. <row>
  9260. <entry>
  9261. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tángniàobìng</foreignphrase>
  9262. </entry>
  9263. <entry>
  9264. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">糖尿病</foreignphrase>
  9265. </entry>
  9266. <entry>
  9267. diabetes
  9268. </entry>
  9269. </row>
  9270. <row>
  9271. <entry>
  9272. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liúxíngxìng gǎnmào, liúgǎn</foreignphrase>
  9273. </entry>
  9274. <entry>
  9275. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">流行性感冒,流感</foreignphrase>
  9276. </entry>
  9277. <entry>
  9278. flu
  9279. </entry>
  9280. </row>
  9281. <row>
  9282. <entry>
  9283. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shíwù zhòngdú</foreignphrase>
  9284. </entry>
  9285. <entry>
  9286. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">食物中毒</foreignphrase>
  9287. </entry>
  9288. <entry>
  9289. food poisoning
  9290. </entry>
  9291. </row>
  9292. <row>
  9293. <entry>
  9294. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méi</foreignphrase>
  9295. </entry>
  9296. <entry>
  9297. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">霉</foreignphrase>
  9298. </entry>
  9299. <entry>
  9300. fungus
  9301. </entry>
  9302. </row>
  9303. <row>
  9304. <entry>
  9305. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhìchuāng</foreignphrase>
  9306. </entry>
  9307. <entry>
  9308. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">痔疮</foreignphrase>
  9309. </entry>
  9310. <entry>
  9311. hemorrhoids
  9312. </entry>
  9313. </row>
  9314. <row>
  9315. <entry>
  9316. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎnyán</foreignphrase>
  9317. </entry>
  9318. <entry>
  9319. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肝炎</foreignphrase>
  9320. </entry>
  9321. <entry>
  9322. hepatitis
  9323. </entry>
  9324. </row>
  9325. <row>
  9326. <entry>
  9327. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shàn</foreignphrase>
  9328. </entry>
  9329. <entry>
  9330. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">疝</foreignphrase>
  9331. </entry>
  9332. <entry>
  9333. hernia
  9334. </entry>
  9335. </row>
  9336. <row>
  9337. <entry>
  9338. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāohuà bù liáng</foreignphrase>
  9339. </entry>
  9340. <entry>
  9341. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">消化不良</foreignphrase>
  9342. </entry>
  9343. <entry>
  9344. indigestion
  9345. </entry>
  9346. </row>
  9347. <row>
  9348. <entry>
  9349. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fāyán</foreignphrase>
  9350. </entry>
  9351. <entry>
  9352. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">发炎</foreignphrase>
  9353. </entry>
  9354. <entry>
  9355. inflamed
  9356. </entry>
  9357. </row>
  9358. <row>
  9359. <entry>
  9360. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yánzhèng</foreignphrase>
  9361. </entry>
  9362. <entry>
  9363. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">炎症</foreignphrase>
  9364. </entry>
  9365. <entry>
  9366. inflammation
  9367. </entry>
  9368. </row>
  9369. <row>
  9370. <entry>
  9371. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mázhěn</foreignphrase>
  9372. </entry>
  9373. <entry>
  9374. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">麻疹</foreignphrase>
  9375. </entry>
  9376. <entry>
  9377. measles
  9378. </entry>
  9379. </row>
  9380. <row>
  9381. <entry>
  9382. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shénjīng jǐnzhāng</foreignphrase>
  9383. </entry>
  9384. <entry>
  9385. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">神经紧张</foreignphrase>
  9386. </entry>
  9387. <entry>
  9388. nervous tension
  9389. </entry>
  9390. </row>
  9391. <row>
  9392. <entry>
  9393. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fèiyán</foreignphrase>
  9394. </entry>
  9395. <entry>
  9396. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肺炎</foreignphrase>
  9397. </entry>
  9398. <entry>
  9399. pneumonia
  9400. </entry>
  9401. </row>
  9402. <row>
  9403. <entry>
  9404. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēngshī</foreignphrase>
  9405. </entry>
  9406. <entry>
  9407. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">风湿</foreignphrase>
  9408. </entry>
  9409. <entry>
  9410. rheumatism
  9411. </entry>
  9412. </row>
  9413. <row>
  9414. <entry>
  9415. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhòngfēng</foreignphrase>
  9416. </entry>
  9417. <entry>
  9418. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">中风</foreignphrase>
  9419. </entry>
  9420. <entry>
  9421. stroke
  9422. </entry>
  9423. </row>
  9424. <row>
  9425. <entry>
  9426. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shàihóng le</foreignphrase>
  9427. </entry>
  9428. <entry>
  9429. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">晒红了</foreignphrase>
  9430. </entry>
  9431. <entry>
  9432. sunburn
  9433. </entry>
  9434. </row>
  9435. <row>
  9436. <entry>
  9437. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shài tuō pí le</foreignphrase>
  9438. </entry>
  9439. <entry>
  9440. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">晒脱皮了</foreignphrase>
  9441. </entry>
  9442. <entry>
  9443. skin peeling
  9444. </entry>
  9445. </row>
  9446. <row>
  9447. <entry>
  9448. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiào tàiyang shàide</foreignphrase>
  9449. </entry>
  9450. <entry>
  9451. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">*太阳色的</foreignphrase>
  9452. </entry>
  9453. <entry>
  9454. red
  9455. </entry>
  9456. </row>
  9457. <row>
  9458. <entry>
  9459. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhòngshǔ</foreignphrase>
  9460. </entry>
  9461. <entry>
  9462. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">中暑</foreignphrase>
  9463. </entry>
  9464. <entry>
  9465. sunstroke
  9466. </entry>
  9467. </row>
  9468. <row>
  9469. <entry>
  9470. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">biǎntáoxiànyán</foreignphrase>
  9471. </entry>
  9472. <entry>
  9473. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">扁桃腺炎</foreignphrase>
  9474. </entry>
  9475. <entry>
  9476. tonsillitis
  9477. </entry>
  9478. </row>
  9479. <row>
  9480. <entry>
  9481. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wèikuìyáng</foreignphrase>
  9482. </entry>
  9483. <entry>
  9484. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">胃溃疡</foreignphrase>
  9485. </entry>
  9486. <entry>
  9487. ulcer (gastric)
  9488. </entry>
  9489. </row>
  9490. </tbody>
  9491. </tgroup>
  9492. </informaltable></para>
  9493. </section>
  9494. <section>
  9495. <title>Furniture and Household Items</title><para>
  9496. <informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
  9497. <tgroup cols="3">
  9498. <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  9499. <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  9500. <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
  9501. <tbody>
  9502. <row>
  9503. <entry>
  9504. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bīngxiāng</foreignphrase>
  9505. </entry>
  9506. <entry>
  9507. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">冰箱</foreignphrase>
  9508. </entry>
  9509. <entry>
  9510. refrigerator
  9511. </entry>
  9512. </row>
  9513. <row>
  9514. <entry>
  9515. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chāzuò</foreignphrase>
  9516. </entry>
  9517. <entry>
  9518. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">插座</foreignphrase>
  9519. </entry>
  9520. <entry>
  9521. (electrical) outlet
  9522. </entry>
  9523. </row>
  9524. <row>
  9525. <entry>
  9526. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chōushuǐ mǎtǒng</foreignphrase>
  9527. </entry>
  9528. <entry>
  9529. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">抽水马桶</foreignphrase>
  9530. </entry>
  9531. <entry>
  9532. flush toilet
  9533. </entry>
  9534. </row>
  9535. <row>
  9536. <entry>
  9537. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chōutì</foreignphrase>
  9538. </entry>
  9539. <entry>
  9540. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">抽屉</foreignphrase>
  9541. </entry>
  9542. <entry>
  9543. drawer
  9544. </entry>
  9545. </row>
  9546. <row>
  9547. <entry>
  9548. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuáng</foreignphrase>
  9549. </entry>
  9550. <entry>
  9551. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">床</foreignphrase>
  9552. </entry>
  9553. <entry>
  9554. bed
  9555. </entry>
  9556. </row>
  9557. <row>
  9558. <entry>
  9559. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuānglián</foreignphrase>
  9560. </entry>
  9561. <entry>
  9562. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">床帘</foreignphrase>
  9563. </entry>
  9564. <entry>
  9565. curtain
  9566. </entry>
  9567. </row>
  9568. <row>
  9569. <entry>
  9570. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dēng</foreignphrase>
  9571. </entry>
  9572. <entry>
  9573. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">灯</foreignphrase>
  9574. </entry>
  9575. <entry>
  9576. light, lamp
  9577. </entry>
  9578. </row>
  9579. <row>
  9580. <entry>
  9581. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dèngzi</foreignphrase>
  9582. </entry>
  9583. <entry>
  9584. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">凳子</foreignphrase>
  9585. </entry>
  9586. <entry>
  9587. stool
  9588. </entry>
  9589. </row>
  9590. <row>
  9591. <entry>
  9592. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diàndēng kāiguān</foreignphrase>
  9593. </entry>
  9594. <entry>
  9595. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">电灯开关</foreignphrase>
  9596. </entry>
  9597. <entry>
  9598. light switch
  9599. </entry>
  9600. </row>
  9601. <row>
  9602. <entry>
  9603. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diànhuà</foreignphrase>
  9604. </entry>
  9605. <entry>
  9606. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">电话</foreignphrase>
  9607. </entry>
  9608. <entry>
  9609. telephone
  9610. </entry>
  9611. </row>
  9612. <row>
  9613. <entry>
  9614. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diànlúzi</foreignphrase>
  9615. </entry>
  9616. <entry>
  9617. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">电炉子</foreignphrase>
  9618. </entry>
  9619. <entry>
  9620. electric stove; electric heater
  9621. </entry>
  9622. </row>
  9623. <row>
  9624. <entry>
  9625. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diànshàn</foreignphrase>
  9626. </entry>
  9627. <entry>
  9628. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">电扇</foreignphrase>
  9629. </entry>
  9630. <entry>
  9631. electric fan
  9632. </entry>
  9633. </row>
  9634. <row>
  9635. <entry>
  9636. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dìtǎn</foreignphrase>
  9637. </entry>
  9638. <entry>
  9639. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">地毯</foreignphrase>
  9640. </entry>
  9641. <entry>
  9642. carpet, rug
  9643. </entry>
  9644. </row>
  9645. <row>
  9646. <entry>
  9647. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guìzi</foreignphrase>
  9648. </entry>
  9649. <entry>
  9650. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">柜子</foreignphrase>
  9651. </entry>
  9652. <entry>
  9653. cabinet
  9654. </entry>
  9655. </row>
  9656. <row>
  9657. <entry>
  9658. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hōnggānjī</foreignphrase>
  9659. </entry>
  9660. <entry>
  9661. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">烘干机</foreignphrase>
  9662. </entry>
  9663. <entry>
  9664. dryer
  9665. </entry>
  9666. </row>
  9667. <row>
  9668. <entry>
  9669. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jìngzi</foreignphrase>
  9670. </entry>
  9671. <entry>
  9672. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">镜子</foreignphrase>
  9673. </entry>
  9674. <entry>
  9675. mirror
  9676. </entry>
  9677. </row>
  9678. <row>
  9679. <entry>
  9680. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lājī; lèsè (Taiwan)</foreignphrase>
  9681. </entry>
  9682. <entry>
  9683. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">垃圾</foreignphrase>
  9684. </entry>
  9685. <entry>
  9686. garbage
  9687. </entry>
  9688. </row>
  9689. <row>
  9690. <entry>
  9691. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lājītǒng; lèsètǒng (Taiwan)</foreignphrase>
  9692. </entry>
  9693. <entry>
  9694. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">垃圾桶</foreignphrase>
  9695. </entry>
  9696. <entry>
  9697. garbage pail
  9698. </entry>
  9699. </row>
  9700. <row>
  9701. <entry>
  9702. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lājíxiāng; lèsèxiāng (Taiwan)</foreignphrase>
  9703. </entry>
  9704. <entry>
  9705. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">垃圾箱</foreignphrase>
  9706. </entry>
  9707. <entry>
  9708. garbage can
  9709. </entry>
  9710. </row>
  9711. <row>
  9712. <entry>
  9713. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lěngqìjī</foreignphrase>
  9714. </entry>
  9715. <entry>
  9716. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">冷气机</foreignphrase>
  9717. </entry>
  9718. <entry>
  9719. air conditioner
  9720. </entry>
  9721. </row>
  9722. <row>
  9723. <entry>
  9724. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lúzi</foreignphrase>
  9725. </entry>
  9726. <entry>
  9727. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">炉子</foreignphrase>
  9728. </entry>
  9729. <entry>
  9730. stove
  9731. </entry>
  9732. </row>
  9733. <row>
  9734. <entry>
  9735. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sàozhou, sàobǎ</foreignphrase>
  9736. </entry>
  9737. <entry>
  9738. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">扫帚,扫把</foreignphrase>
  9739. </entry>
  9740. <entry>
  9741. broom
  9742. </entry>
  9743. </row>
  9744. <row>
  9745. <entry>
  9746. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shāfā</foreignphrase>
  9747. </entry>
  9748. <entry>
  9749. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">沙发</foreignphrase>
  9750. </entry>
  9751. <entry>
  9752. sofa
  9753. </entry>
  9754. </row>
  9755. <row>
  9756. <entry>
  9757. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuǐchízi</foreignphrase>
  9758. </entry>
  9759. <entry>
  9760. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">水池子</foreignphrase>
  9761. </entry>
  9762. <entry>
  9763. kitchen sink
  9764. </entry>
  9765. </row>
  9766. <row>
  9767. <entry>
  9768. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuǐlóngtóu</foreignphrase>
  9769. </entry>
  9770. <entry>
  9771. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">水龙头</foreignphrase>
  9772. </entry>
  9773. <entry>
  9774. faucet, tap
  9775. </entry>
  9776. </row>
  9777. <row>
  9778. <entry>
  9779. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūjiàzi</foreignphrase>
  9780. </entry>
  9781. <entry>
  9782. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">书架子</foreignphrase>
  9783. </entry>
  9784. <entry>
  9785. bookshelf
  9786. </entry>
  9787. </row>
  9788. <row>
  9789. <entry>
  9790. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tuōbǎ</foreignphrase>
  9791. </entry>
  9792. <entry>
  9793. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">拖把</foreignphrase>
  9794. </entry>
  9795. <entry>
  9796. mop
  9797. </entry>
  9798. </row>
  9799. <row>
  9800. <entry>
  9801. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐchénqì</foreignphrase>
  9802. </entry>
  9803. <entry>
  9804. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">吸尘器</foreignphrase>
  9805. </entry>
  9806. <entry>
  9807. vacuum cleaner
  9808. </entry>
  9809. </row>
  9810. <row>
  9811. <entry>
  9812. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiězìtái</foreignphrase>
  9813. </entry>
  9814. <entry>
  9815. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">写字台</foreignphrase>
  9816. </entry>
  9817. <entry>
  9818. desk
  9819. </entry>
  9820. </row>
  9821. <row>
  9822. <entry>
  9823. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐliǎnpén</foreignphrase>
  9824. </entry>
  9825. <entry>
  9826. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">洗脸盆</foreignphrase>
  9827. </entry>
  9828. <entry>
  9829. (bathroom) sink, washstand
  9830. </entry>
  9831. </row>
  9832. <row>
  9833. <entry>
  9834. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐyǐjī</foreignphrase>
  9835. </entry>
  9836. <entry>
  9837. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">洗衣机</foreignphrase>
  9838. </entry>
  9839. <entry>
  9840. washing machine
  9841. </entry>
  9842. </row>
  9843. <row>
  9844. <entry>
  9845. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐzāopén</foreignphrase>
  9846. </entry>
  9847. <entry>
  9848. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">洗澡盆</foreignphrase>
  9849. </entry>
  9850. <entry>
  9851. bathtub
  9852. </entry>
  9853. </row>
  9854. <row>
  9855. <entry>
  9856. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǐzi</foreignphrase>
  9857. </entry>
  9858. <entry>
  9859. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">椅子</foreignphrase>
  9860. </entry>
  9861. <entry>
  9862. chair
  9863. </entry>
  9864. </row>
  9865. <row>
  9866. <entry>
  9867. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùndǒu</foreignphrase>
  9868. </entry>
  9869. <entry>
  9870. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">熨斗</foreignphrase>
  9871. </entry>
  9872. <entry>
  9873. iron
  9874. </entry>
  9875. </row>
  9876. <row>
  9877. <entry>
  9878. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhuōzi</foreignphrase>
  9879. </entry>
  9880. <entry>
  9881. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">桌子</foreignphrase>
  9882. </entry>
  9883. <entry>
  9884. table
  9885. </entry>
  9886. </row>
  9887. <row>
  9888. <entry>
  9889. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zìzhǐlǒu</foreignphrase>
  9890. </entry>
  9891. <entry>
  9892. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">字纸篓 </foreignphrase>
  9893. </entry>
  9894. <entry>
  9895. wastepaner basket
  9896. </entry>
  9897. </row>
  9898. </tbody>
  9899. </tgroup>
  9900. </informaltable></para>
  9901. </section>
  9902. <section>
  9903. <title>Parts of the House</title><para>
  9904. <informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
  9905. <tgroup cols="3">
  9906. <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  9907. <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  9908. <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
  9909. <tbody>
  9910. <row>
  9911. <entry>
  9912. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bìchú</foreignphrase>
  9913. </entry>
  9914. <entry>
  9915. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">壁橱</foreignphrase>
  9916. </entry>
  9917. <entry>
  9918. closet
  9919. </entry>
  9920. </row>
  9921. <row>
  9922. <entry>
  9923. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cèsuǒ</foreignphrase>
  9924. </entry>
  9925. <entry>
  9926. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">厕所</foreignphrase>
  9927. </entry>
  9928. <entry>
  9929. toilet
  9930. </entry>
  9931. </row>
  9932. <row>
  9933. <entry>
  9934. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">céng</foreignphrase>
  9935. </entry>
  9936. <entry>
  9937. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">层</foreignphrase>
  9938. </entry>
  9939. <entry>
  9940. floor, story
  9941. </entry>
  9942. </row>
  9943. <row>
  9944. <entry>
  9945. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuānghu</foreignphrase>
  9946. </entry>
  9947. <entry>
  9948. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">窗户</foreignphrase>
  9949. </entry>
  9950. <entry>
  9951. window
  9952. </entry>
  9953. </row>
  9954. <row>
  9955. <entry>
  9956. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chúfáng</foreignphrase>
  9957. </entry>
  9958. <entry>
  9959. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">厨房</foreignphrase>
  9960. </entry>
  9961. <entry>
  9962. kitchen
  9963. </entry>
  9964. </row>
  9965. <row>
  9966. <entry>
  9967. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dì</foreignphrase>
  9968. </entry>
  9969. <entry>
  9970. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">地</foreignphrase>
  9971. </entry>
  9972. <entry>
  9973. floor
  9974. </entry>
  9975. </row>
  9976. <row>
  9977. <entry>
  9978. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dìbǎn</foreignphrase>
  9979. </entry>
  9980. <entry>
  9981. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">地板</foreignphrase>
  9982. </entry>
  9983. <entry>
  9984. wooden floor
  9985. </entry>
  9986. </row>
  9987. <row>
  9988. <entry>
  9989. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dìxiàshì</foreignphrase>
  9990. </entry>
  9991. <entry>
  9992. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">地下室</foreignphrase>
  9993. </entry>
  9994. <entry>
  9995. basement
  9996. </entry>
  9997. </row>
  9998. <row>
  9999. <entry>
  10000. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fángdǐng</foreignphrase>
  10001. </entry>
  10002. <entry>
  10003. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">房顶</foreignphrase>
  10004. </entry>
  10005. <entry>
  10006. roof
  10007. </entry>
  10008. </row>
  10009. <row>
  10010. <entry>
  10011. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fángjiān</foreignphrase>
  10012. </entry>
  10013. <entry>
  10014. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">房间</foreignphrase>
  10015. </entry>
  10016. <entry>
  10017. room
  10018. </entry>
  10019. </row>
  10020. <row>
  10021. <entry>
  10022. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fàntīng</foreignphrase>
  10023. </entry>
  10024. <entry>
  10025. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">饭厅</foreignphrase>
  10026. </entry>
  10027. <entry>
  10028. dining room
  10029. </entry>
  10030. </row>
  10031. <row>
  10032. <entry>
  10033. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kètīng</foreignphrase>
  10034. </entry>
  10035. <entry>
  10036. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">客厅</foreignphrase>
  10037. </entry>
  10038. <entry>
  10039. living room
  10040. </entry>
  10041. </row>
  10042. <row>
  10043. <entry>
  10044. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lóutī</foreignphrase>
  10045. </entry>
  10046. <entry>
  10047. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">楼梯</foreignphrase>
  10048. </entry>
  10049. <entry>
  10050. stairs
  10051. </entry>
  10052. </row>
  10053. <row>
  10054. <entry>
  10055. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mén</foreignphrase>
  10056. </entry>
  10057. <entry>
  10058. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">门</foreignphrase>
  10059. </entry>
  10060. <entry>
  10061. door
  10062. </entry>
  10063. </row>
  10064. <row>
  10065. <entry>
  10066. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qiáng</foreignphrase>
  10067. </entry>
  10068. <entry>
  10069. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">墙</foreignphrase>
  10070. </entry>
  10071. <entry>
  10072. wall
  10073. </entry>
  10074. </row>
  10075. <row>
  10076. <entry>
  10077. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūfáng</foreignphrase>
  10078. </entry>
  10079. <entry>
  10080. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">书房</foreignphrase>
  10081. </entry>
  10082. <entry>
  10083. study, library
  10084. </entry>
  10085. </row>
  10086. <row>
  10087. <entry>
  10088. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tiānhuābǎn</foreignphrase>
  10089. </entry>
  10090. <entry>
  10091. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">天花板</foreignphrase>
  10092. </entry>
  10093. <entry>
  10094. ceiling
  10095. </entry>
  10096. </row>
  10097. <row>
  10098. <entry>
  10099. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wèishēngjiān</foreignphrase>
  10100. </entry>
  10101. <entry>
  10102. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">卫生间</foreignphrase>
  10103. </entry>
  10104. <entry>
  10105. toilet, bathroom
  10106. </entry>
  10107. </row>
  10108. <row>
  10109. <entry>
  10110. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wòfáng</foreignphrase>
  10111. </entry>
  10112. <entry>
  10113. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">卧房</foreignphrase>
  10114. </entry>
  10115. <entry>
  10116. bedroom
  10117. </entry>
  10118. </row>
  10119. <row>
  10120. <entry>
  10121. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wòshì</foreignphrase>
  10122. </entry>
  10123. <entry>
  10124. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">卧室</foreignphrase>
  10125. </entry>
  10126. <entry>
  10127. bedroom
  10128. </entry>
  10129. </row>
  10130. <row>
  10131. <entry>
  10132. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wūzi</foreignphrase>
  10133. </entry>
  10134. <entry>
  10135. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">屋子</foreignphrase>
  10136. </entry>
  10137. <entry>
  10138. room
  10139. </entry>
  10140. </row>
  10141. <row>
  10142. <entry>
  10143. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐzǎofáng</foreignphrase>
  10144. </entry>
  10145. <entry>
  10146. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">洗澡房</foreignphrase>
  10147. </entry>
  10148. <entry>
  10149. bathroom
  10150. </entry>
  10151. </row>
  10152. <row>
  10153. <entry>
  10154. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zǒuláng</foreignphrase>
  10155. </entry>
  10156. <entry>
  10157. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">走廊</foreignphrase>
  10158. </entry>
  10159. <entry>
  10160. corridor, hall
  10161. </entry>
  10162. </row>
  10163. </tbody>
  10164. </tgroup>
  10165. </informaltable></para>
  10166. </section>
  10167. </section>
  10168. <section>
  10169. <title>Module Vocabulary List</title>
  10170. <para>
  10171. <informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
  10172. <tgroup cols="3">
  10173. <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  10174. <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
  10175. <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
  10176. <tbody>
  10177. <row>
  10178. <entry>
  10179. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">āiyō</foreignphrase>
  10180. </entry>
  10181. <entry>
  10182. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">哎哟</foreignphrase>
  10183. </entry>
  10184. <entry>
  10185. ouch; oh dear
  10186. </entry>
  10187. </row>
  10188. <row>
  10189. <entry>
  10190. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ànmó</foreignphrase>
  10191. </entry>
  10192. <entry>
  10193. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">按摩</foreignphrase>
  10194. </entry>
  10195. <entry>
  10196. massage
  10197. </entry>
  10198. </row>
  10199. <row>
  10200. <entry>
  10201. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">āsīpīlín</foreignphrase>
  10202. </entry>
  10203. <entry>
  10204. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">阿司匹林</foreignphrase>
  10205. </entry>
  10206. <entry>
  10207. aspirin
  10208. </entry>
  10209. </row>
  10210. <row>
  10211. <entry>
  10212. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Āyí</foreignphrase>
  10213. </entry>
  10214. <entry>
  10215. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">阿姨</foreignphrase>
  10216. </entry>
  10217. <entry>
  10218. auntie
  10219. </entry>
  10220. </row>
  10221. <row>
  10222. <entry>
  10223. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bāng máng</foreignphrase>
  10224. </entry>
  10225. <entry>
  10226. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">帮忙</foreignphrase>
  10227. </entry>
  10228. <entry>
  10229. to help, to aid, to assist
  10230. </entry>
  10231. </row>
  10232. <row>
  10233. <entry>
  10234. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bào</foreignphrase>
  10235. </entry>
  10236. <entry>
  10237. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">抱</foreignphrase>
  10238. </entry>
  10239. <entry>
  10240. to hold, to embrace
  10241. </entry>
  10242. </row>
  10243. <row>
  10244. <entry>
  10245. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">báo</foreignphrase>
  10246. </entry>
  10247. <entry>
  10248. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">薄</foreignphrase>
  10249. </entry>
  10250. <entry>
  10251. to be thin; to be light (of clothing)
  10252. </entry>
  10253. </row>
  10254. <row>
  10255. <entry>
  10256. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bèi</foreignphrase>
  10257. </entry>
  10258. <entry>
  10259. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">背</foreignphrase>
  10260. </entry>
  10261. <entry>
  10262. back
  10263. </entry>
  10264. </row>
  10265. <row>
  10266. <entry>
  10267. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bèi</foreignphrase>
  10268. </entry>
  10269. <entry>
  10270. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">被</foreignphrase>
  10271. </entry>
  10272. <entry>
  10273. by (indicates the one who carries out the action in a passive sentence)
  10274. </entry>
  10275. </row>
  10276. <row>
  10277. <entry>
  10278. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">biǎntáoxiànyán</foreignphrase>
  10279. </entry>
  10280. <entry>
  10281. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">扁桃腺炎</foreignphrase>
  10282. </entry>
  10283. <entry>
  10284. tonsillitis
  10285. </entry>
  10286. </row>
  10287. <row>
  10288. <entry>
  10289. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">biǎntáoxiàn</foreignphrase>
  10290. </entry>
  10291. <entry>
  10292. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">扁桃腺</foreignphrase>
  10293. </entry>
  10294. <entry>
  10295. tonsils
  10296. </entry>
  10297. </row>
  10298. <row>
  10299. <entry>
  10300. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bìchú</foreignphrase>
  10301. </entry>
  10302. <entry>
  10303. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">壁橱</foreignphrase>
  10304. </entry>
  10305. <entry>
  10306. closet
  10307. </entry>
  10308. </row>
  10309. <row>
  10310. <entry>
  10311. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bīngxiāng</foreignphrase>
  10312. </entry>
  10313. <entry>
  10314. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">冰箱</foreignphrase>
  10315. </entry>
  10316. <entry>
  10317. refrigerator
  10318. </entry>
  10319. </row>
  10320. <row>
  10321. <entry>
  10322. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bízi</foreignphrase>
  10323. </entry>
  10324. <entry>
  10325. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鼻子</foreignphrase>
  10326. </entry>
  10327. <entry>
  10328. nose
  10329. </entry>
  10330. </row>
  10331. <row>
  10332. <entry>
  10333. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bózi</foreignphrase>
  10334. </entry>
  10335. <entry>
  10336. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">脖子</foreignphrase>
  10337. </entry>
  10338. <entry>
  10339. neck
  10340. </entry>
  10341. </row>
  10342. <row>
  10343. <entry>
  10344. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-buliǎo</foreignphrase>
  10345. </entry>
  10346. <entry>
  10347. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">不了</foreignphrase>
  10348. </entry>
  10349. <entry>
  10350. unable to ... (verb ending)
  10351. </entry>
  10352. </row>
  10353. <row>
  10354. <entry>
  10355. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bú yào</foreignphrase>
  10356. </entry>
  10357. <entry>
  10358. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">不要</foreignphrase>
  10359. </entry>
  10360. <entry>
  10361. don’t
  10362. </entry>
  10363. </row>
  10364. <row>
  10365. <entry>
  10366. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cā</foreignphrase>
  10367. </entry>
  10368. <entry>
  10369. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">擦</foreignphrase>
  10370. </entry>
  10371. <entry>
  10372. to rub, to wipe
  10373. </entry>
  10374. </row>
  10375. <row>
  10376. <entry>
  10377. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">céng</foreignphrase>
  10378. </entry>
  10379. <entry>
  10380. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">层</foreignphrase>
  10381. </entry>
  10382. <entry>
  10383. floor, story
  10384. </entry>
  10385. </row>
  10386. <row>
  10387. <entry>
  10388. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cèsuǒ</foreignphrase>
  10389. </entry>
  10390. <entry>
  10391. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">厕所</foreignphrase>
  10392. </entry>
  10393. <entry>
  10394. toilet
  10395. </entry>
  10396. </row>
  10397. <row>
  10398. <entry>
  10399. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chángcháng</foreignphrase>
  10400. </entry>
  10401. <entry>
  10402. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">常常</foreignphrase>
  10403. </entry>
  10404. <entry>
  10405. often
  10406. </entry>
  10407. </row>
  10408. <row>
  10409. <entry>
  10410. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chángzi</foreignphrase>
  10411. </entry>
  10412. <entry>
  10413. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肠子</foreignphrase>
  10414. </entry>
  10415. <entry>
  10416. intestines
  10417. </entry>
  10418. </row>
  10419. <row>
  10420. <entry>
  10421. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cháng</foreignphrase>
  10422. </entry>
  10423. <entry>
  10424. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">常</foreignphrase>
  10425. </entry>
  10426. <entry>
  10427. often
  10428. </entry>
  10429. </row>
  10430. <row>
  10431. <entry>
  10432. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cháng</foreignphrase>
  10433. </entry>
  10434. <entry>
  10435. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">长</foreignphrase>
  10436. </entry>
  10437. <entry>
  10438. to be long
  10439. </entry>
  10440. </row>
  10441. <row>
  10442. <entry>
  10443. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cháoshǐ</foreignphrase>
  10444. </entry>
  10445. <entry>
  10446. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">潮湿</foreignphrase>
  10447. </entry>
  10448. <entry>
  10449. to be humid
  10450. </entry>
  10451. </row>
  10452. <row>
  10453. <entry>
  10454. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chāzuò</foreignphrase>
  10455. </entry>
  10456. <entry>
  10457. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">插座</foreignphrase>
  10458. </entry>
  10459. <entry>
  10460. (electrical) outlet
  10461. </entry>
  10462. </row>
  10463. <row>
  10464. <entry>
  10465. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chá</foreignphrase>
  10466. </entry>
  10467. <entry>
  10468. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">茶</foreignphrase>
  10469. </entry>
  10470. <entry>
  10471. tea
  10472. </entry>
  10473. </row>
  10474. <row>
  10475. <entry>
  10476. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chèngli</foreignphrase>
  10477. </entry>
  10478. <entry>
  10479. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">城里</foreignphrase>
  10480. </entry>
  10481. <entry>
  10482. in the city
  10483. </entry>
  10484. </row>
  10485. <row>
  10486. <entry>
  10487. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chéng</foreignphrase>
  10488. </entry>
  10489. <entry>
  10490. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">城</foreignphrase>
  10491. </entry>
  10492. <entry>
  10493. city, town
  10494. </entry>
  10495. </row>
  10496. <row>
  10497. <entry>
  10498. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chènshān</foreignphrase>
  10499. </entry>
  10500. <entry>
  10501. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">衬衫</foreignphrase>
  10502. </entry>
  10503. <entry>
  10504. shirt, blouse
  10505. </entry>
  10506. </row>
  10507. <row>
  10508. <entry>
  10509. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǐcun (chǐcùn)</foreignphrase>
  10510. </entry>
  10511. <entry>
  10512. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">尺寸</foreignphrase>
  10513. </entry>
  10514. <entry>
  10515. measurement; size
  10516. </entry>
  10517. </row>
  10518. <row>
  10519. <entry>
  10520. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī fàn</foreignphrase>
  10521. </entry>
  10522. <entry>
  10523. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">吃饭</foreignphrase>
  10524. </entry>
  10525. <entry>
  10526. to eat
  10527. </entry>
  10528. </row>
  10529. <row>
  10530. <entry>
  10531. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī</foreignphrase>
  10532. </entry>
  10533. <entry>
  10534. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">吃</foreignphrase>
  10535. </entry>
  10536. <entry>
  10537. to take (medicine)
  10538. </entry>
  10539. </row>
  10540. <row>
  10541. <entry>
  10542. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chōujīn</foreignphrase>
  10543. </entry>
  10544. <entry>
  10545. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">抽筋</foreignphrase>
  10546. </entry>
  10547. <entry>
  10548. cramp
  10549. </entry>
  10550. </row>
  10551. <row>
  10552. <entry>
  10553. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chōushuǐ mǎtǒng</foreignphrase>
  10554. </entry>
  10555. <entry>
  10556. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">抽水马桶</foreignphrase>
  10557. </entry>
  10558. <entry>
  10559. flush toilet
  10560. </entry>
  10561. </row>
  10562. <row>
  10563. <entry>
  10564. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chōutì</foreignphrase>
  10565. </entry>
  10566. <entry>
  10567. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">抽屉</foreignphrase>
  10568. </entry>
  10569. <entry>
  10570. drawer
  10571. </entry>
  10572. </row>
  10573. <row>
  10574. <entry>
  10575. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuānghu</foreignphrase>
  10576. </entry>
  10577. <entry>
  10578. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">窗户</foreignphrase>
  10579. </entry>
  10580. <entry>
  10581. window
  10582. </entry>
  10583. </row>
  10584. <row>
  10585. <entry>
  10586. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuānglián</foreignphrase>
  10587. </entry>
  10588. <entry>
  10589. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">床帘</foreignphrase>
  10590. </entry>
  10591. <entry>
  10592. curtain
  10593. </entry>
  10594. </row>
  10595. <row>
  10596. <entry>
  10597. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuáng</foreignphrase>
  10598. </entry>
  10599. <entry>
  10600. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">床</foreignphrase>
  10601. </entry>
  10602. <entry>
  10603. bed
  10604. </entry>
  10605. </row>
  10606. <row>
  10607. <entry>
  10608. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuān</foreignphrase>
  10609. </entry>
  10610. <entry>
  10611. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">穿</foreignphrase>
  10612. </entry>
  10613. <entry>
  10614. to put on, to wear
  10615. </entry>
  10616. </row>
  10617. <row>
  10618. <entry>
  10619. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chúfáng</foreignphrase>
  10620. </entry>
  10621. <entry>
  10622. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">厨房</foreignphrase>
  10623. </entry>
  10624. <entry>
  10625. kitchen
  10626. </entry>
  10627. </row>
  10628. <row>
  10629. <entry>
  10630. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chúfáng</foreignphrase>
  10631. </entry>
  10632. <entry>
  10633. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">厨房</foreignphrase>
  10634. </entry>
  10635. <entry>
  10636. kitchen
  10637. </entry>
  10638. </row>
  10639. <row>
  10640. <entry>
  10641. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuí bèi</foreignphrase>
  10642. </entry>
  10643. <entry>
  10644. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">捶背</foreignphrase>
  10645. </entry>
  10646. <entry>
  10647. to pound (someone’s) back
  10648. </entry>
  10649. </row>
  10650. <row>
  10651. <entry>
  10652. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuīgān</foreignphrase>
  10653. </entry>
  10654. <entry>
  10655. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">吹干</foreignphrase>
  10656. </entry>
  10657. <entry>
  10658. to blow-dry (with a dryer)
  10659. </entry>
  10660. </row>
  10661. <row>
  10662. <entry>
  10663. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chūntiān (chūntian)</foreignphrase>
  10664. </entry>
  10665. <entry>
  10666. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">春天</foreignphrase>
  10667. </entry>
  10668. <entry>
  10669. spring
  10670. </entry>
  10671. </row>
  10672. <row>
  10673. <entry>
  10674. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàbiàn bù tōng</foreignphrase>
  10675. </entry>
  10676. <entry>
  10677. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大便不通</foreignphrase>
  10678. </entry>
  10679. <entry>
  10680. to be constipated
  10681. </entry>
  10682. </row>
  10683. <row>
  10684. <entry>
  10685. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàbiàn</foreignphrase>
  10686. </entry>
  10687. <entry>
  10688. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大便</foreignphrase>
  10689. </entry>
  10690. <entry>
  10691. bowel movement
  10692. </entry>
  10693. </row>
  10694. <row>
  10695. <entry>
  10696. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dǎ diànhuà</foreignphrase>
  10697. </entry>
  10698. <entry>
  10699. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">打电话</foreignphrase>
  10700. </entry>
  10701. <entry>
  10702. to make a phone call, to telephone
  10703. </entry>
  10704. </row>
  10705. <row>
  10706. <entry>
  10707. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàifu</foreignphrase>
  10708. </entry>
  10709. <entry>
  10710. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大夫</foreignphrase>
  10711. </entry>
  10712. <entry>
  10713. doctor
  10714. </entry>
  10715. </row>
  10716. <row>
  10717. <entry>
  10718. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase>
  10719. </entry>
  10720. <entry>
  10721. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">带</foreignphrase>
  10722. </entry>
  10723. <entry>
  10724. to bring, to take with one
  10725. </entry>
  10726. </row>
  10727. <row>
  10728. <entry>
  10729. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase>
  10730. </entry>
  10731. <entry>
  10732. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">带</foreignphrase>
  10733. </entry>
  10734. <entry>
  10735. to lead, to take
  10736. </entry>
  10737. </row>
  10738. <row>
  10739. <entry>
  10740. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase>
  10741. </entry>
  10742. <entry>
  10743. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">戴</foreignphrase>
  10744. </entry>
  10745. <entry>
  10746. to put on, to wear (glasses, gloves, a hat, a watch, jewelry, etc.)
  10747. </entry>
  10748. </row>
  10749. <row>
  10750. <entry>
  10751. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dǎkai</foreignphrase>
  10752. </entry>
  10753. <entry>
  10754. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">打开</foreignphrase>
  10755. </entry>
  10756. <entry>
  10757. to open
  10758. </entry>
  10759. </row>
  10760. <row>
  10761. <entry>
  10762. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàtuǐ</foreignphrase>
  10763. </entry>
  10764. <entry>
  10765. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大腿</foreignphrase>
  10766. </entry>
  10767. <entry>
  10768. thigh
  10769. </entry>
  10770. </row>
  10771. <row>
  10772. <entry>
  10773. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàyī</foreignphrase>
  10774. </entry>
  10775. <entry>
  10776. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大衣</foreignphrase>
  10777. </entry>
  10778. <entry>
  10779. overcoat
  10780. </entry>
  10781. </row>
  10782. <row>
  10783. <entry>
  10784. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dèngzi</foreignphrase>
  10785. </entry>
  10786. <entry>
  10787. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">凳子</foreignphrase>
  10788. </entry>
  10789. <entry>
  10790. stool
  10791. </entry>
  10792. </row>
  10793. <row>
  10794. <entry>
  10795. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dēng</foreignphrase>
  10796. </entry>
  10797. <entry>
  10798. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">灯</foreignphrase>
  10799. </entry>
  10800. <entry>
  10801. light, lamp
  10802. </entry>
  10803. </row>
  10804. <row>
  10805. <entry>
  10806. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diàndēng kāiguān</foreignphrase>
  10807. </entry>
  10808. <entry>
  10809. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">电灯开关</foreignphrase>
  10810. </entry>
  10811. <entry>
  10812. light switch
  10813. </entry>
  10814. </row>
  10815. <row>
  10816. <entry>
  10817. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diànhuà</foreignphrase>
  10818. </entry>
  10819. <entry>
  10820. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">电话</foreignphrase>
  10821. </entry>
  10822. <entry>
  10823. telephone, telephone call
  10824. </entry>
  10825. </row>
  10826. <row>
  10827. <entry>
  10828. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diànhuà</foreignphrase>
  10829. </entry>
  10830. <entry>
  10831. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">电话</foreignphrase>
  10832. </entry>
  10833. <entry>
  10834. telephone
  10835. </entry>
  10836. </row>
  10837. <row>
  10838. <entry>
  10839. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diànlúzi</foreignphrase>
  10840. </entry>
  10841. <entry>
  10842. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">电炉子</foreignphrase>
  10843. </entry>
  10844. <entry>
  10845. electric stove; electric heater
  10846. </entry>
  10847. </row>
  10848. <row>
  10849. <entry>
  10850. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diànshàn</foreignphrase>
  10851. </entry>
  10852. <entry>
  10853. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">电扇</foreignphrase>
  10854. </entry>
  10855. <entry>
  10856. electric fan
  10857. </entry>
  10858. </row>
  10859. <row>
  10860. <entry>
  10861. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dìbǎn</foreignphrase>
  10862. </entry>
  10863. <entry>
  10864. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">地板</foreignphrase>
  10865. </entry>
  10866. <entry>
  10867. wooden floor
  10868. </entry>
  10869. </row>
  10870. <row>
  10871. <entry>
  10872. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-dǐng</foreignphrase>
  10873. </entry>
  10874. <entry>
  10875. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani"></foreignphrase>
  10876. </entry>
  10877. <entry>
  10878. (counter for hats)
  10879. </entry>
  10880. </row>
  10881. <row>
  10882. <entry>
  10883. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dìqū</foreignphrase>
  10884. </entry>
  10885. <entry>
  10886. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">地区</foreignphrase>
  10887. </entry>
  10888. <entry>
  10889. area, region
  10890. </entry>
  10891. </row>
  10892. <row>
  10893. <entry>
  10894. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dìtǎn</foreignphrase>
  10895. </entry>
  10896. <entry>
  10897. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">地毯</foreignphrase>
  10898. </entry>
  10899. <entry>
  10900. carpet, rug
  10901. </entry>
  10902. </row>
  10903. <row>
  10904. <entry>
  10905. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diū</foreignphrase>
  10906. </entry>
  10907. <entry>
  10908. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">丟</foreignphrase>
  10909. </entry>
  10910. <entry>
  10911. to lose
  10912. </entry>
  10913. </row>
  10914. <row>
  10915. <entry>
  10916. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dìxiàshì</foreignphrase>
  10917. </entry>
  10918. <entry>
  10919. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">地下室</foreignphrase>
  10920. </entry>
  10921. <entry>
  10922. basement
  10923. </entry>
  10924. </row>
  10925. <row>
  10926. <entry>
  10927. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dī</foreignphrase>
  10928. </entry>
  10929. <entry>
  10930. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">低</foreignphrase>
  10931. </entry>
  10932. <entry>
  10933. to be low
  10934. </entry>
  10935. </row>
  10936. <row>
  10937. <entry>
  10938. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dì</foreignphrase>
  10939. </entry>
  10940. <entry>
  10941. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">地</foreignphrase>
  10942. </entry>
  10943. <entry>
  10944. floor
  10945. </entry>
  10946. </row>
  10947. <row>
  10948. <entry>
  10949. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòngbuliǎo</foreignphrase>
  10950. </entry>
  10951. <entry>
  10952. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">东不了</foreignphrase>
  10953. </entry>
  10954. <entry>
  10955. unable to move
  10956. </entry>
  10957. </row>
  10958. <row>
  10959. <entry>
  10960. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dōngtiān (dōngtian)</foreignphrase>
  10961. </entry>
  10962. <entry>
  10963. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">冬天</foreignphrase>
  10964. </entry>
  10965. <entry>
  10966. winter
  10967. </entry>
  10968. </row>
  10969. <row>
  10970. <entry>
  10971. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòng</foreignphrase>
  10972. </entry>
  10973. <entry>
  10974. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">动</foreignphrase>
  10975. </entry>
  10976. <entry>
  10977. to move
  10978. </entry>
  10979. </row>
  10980. <row>
  10981. <entry>
  10982. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duàn</foreignphrase>
  10983. </entry>
  10984. <entry>
  10985. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">断</foreignphrase>
  10986. </entry>
  10987. <entry>
  10988. to sever, to break
  10989. </entry>
  10990. </row>
  10991. <row>
  10992. <entry>
  10993. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duǎn</foreignphrase>
  10994. </entry>
  10995. <entry>
  10996. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">短</foreignphrase>
  10997. </entry>
  10998. <entry>
  10999. to be short
  11000. </entry>
  11001. </row>
  11002. <row>
  11003. <entry>
  11004. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duì...guòmǐn</foreignphrase>
  11005. </entry>
  11006. <entry>
  11007. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">对。。。过敏</foreignphrase>
  11008. </entry>
  11009. <entry>
  11010. allergic to...
  11011. </entry>
  11012. </row>
  11013. <row>
  11014. <entry>
  11015. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dùzi</foreignphrase>
  11016. </entry>
  11017. <entry>
  11018. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肚子</foreignphrase>
  11019. </entry>
  11020. <entry>
  11021. belly, abdomen, stomach
  11022. </entry>
  11023. </row>
  11024. <row>
  11025. <entry>
  11026. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-dù</foreignphrase>
  11027. </entry>
  11028. <entry>
  11029. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">-度</foreignphrase>
  11030. </entry>
  11031. <entry>
  11032. degree (e.g., on a thermometer)
  11033. </entry>
  11034. </row>
  11035. <row>
  11036. <entry>
  11037. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ěrduo</foreignphrase>
  11038. </entry>
  11039. <entry>
  11040. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">耳朵</foreignphrase>
  11041. </entry>
  11042. <entry>
  11043. ear
  11044. </entry>
  11045. </row>
  11046. <row>
  11047. <entry>
  11048. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fángdǐng</foreignphrase>
  11049. </entry>
  11050. <entry>
  11051. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">房顶</foreignphrase>
  11052. </entry>
  11053. <entry>
  11054. roof
  11055. </entry>
  11056. </row>
  11057. <row>
  11058. <entry>
  11059. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fángjiān</foreignphrase>
  11060. </entry>
  11061. <entry>
  11062. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">房间</foreignphrase>
  11063. </entry>
  11064. <entry>
  11065. room
  11066. </entry>
  11067. </row>
  11068. <row>
  11069. <entry>
  11070. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fángjiān</foreignphrase>
  11071. </entry>
  11072. <entry>
  11073. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">房间</foreignphrase>
  11074. </entry>
  11075. <entry>
  11076. room
  11077. </entry>
  11078. </row>
  11079. <row>
  11080. <entry>
  11081. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fàntīng</foreignphrase>
  11082. </entry>
  11083. <entry>
  11084. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">饭厅</foreignphrase>
  11085. </entry>
  11086. <entry>
  11087. dining room
  11088. </entry>
  11089. </row>
  11090. <row>
  11091. <entry>
  11092. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fàntīng</foreignphrase>
  11093. </entry>
  11094. <entry>
  11095. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">饭厅</foreignphrase>
  11096. </entry>
  11097. <entry>
  11098. dining room
  11099. </entry>
  11100. </row>
  11101. <row>
  11102. <entry>
  11103. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fānyì</foreignphrase>
  11104. </entry>
  11105. <entry>
  11106. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">翻译</foreignphrase>
  11107. </entry>
  11108. <entry>
  11109. to interpret, to translate
  11110. </entry>
  11111. </row>
  11112. <row>
  11113. <entry>
  11114. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fāshāo</foreignphrase>
  11115. </entry>
  11116. <entry>
  11117. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">发烧</foreignphrase>
  11118. </entry>
  11119. <entry>
  11120. to have a fever
  11121. </entry>
  11122. </row>
  11123. <row>
  11124. <entry>
  11125. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fāxiàn</foreignphrase>
  11126. </entry>
  11127. <entry>
  11128. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">发现</foreignphrase>
  11129. </entry>
  11130. <entry>
  11131. to discover
  11132. </entry>
  11133. </row>
  11134. <row>
  11135. <entry>
  11136. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fāyán</foreignphrase>
  11137. </entry>
  11138. <entry>
  11139. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">发炎</foreignphrase>
  11140. </entry>
  11141. <entry>
  11142. inflamed
  11143. </entry>
  11144. </row>
  11145. <row>
  11146. <entry>
  11147. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fèiyán</foreignphrase>
  11148. </entry>
  11149. <entry>
  11150. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肺炎</foreignphrase>
  11151. </entry>
  11152. <entry>
  11153. pneumonia
  11154. </entry>
  11155. </row>
  11156. <row>
  11157. <entry>
  11158. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fèi</foreignphrase>
  11159. </entry>
  11160. <entry>
  11161. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肺</foreignphrase>
  11162. </entry>
  11163. <entry>
  11164. lung
  11165. </entry>
  11166. </row>
  11167. <row>
  11168. <entry>
  11169. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fěngjǐng</foreignphrase>
  11170. </entry>
  11171. <entry>
  11172. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">风景</foreignphrase>
  11173. </entry>
  11174. <entry>
  11175. scenery
  11176. </entry>
  11177. </row>
  11178. <row>
  11179. <entry>
  11180. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēngshī</foreignphrase>
  11181. </entry>
  11182. <entry>
  11183. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">风湿</foreignphrase>
  11184. </entry>
  11185. <entry>
  11186. rheumatism
  11187. </entry>
  11188. </row>
  11189. <row>
  11190. <entry>
  11191. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēng</foreignphrase>
  11192. </entry>
  11193. <entry>
  11194. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">风</foreignphrase>
  11195. </entry>
  11196. <entry>
  11197. wind
  11198. </entry>
  11199. </row>
  11200. <row>
  11201. <entry>
  11202. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēn</foreignphrase>
  11203. </entry>
  11204. <entry>
  11205. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">分</foreignphrase>
  11206. </entry>
  11207. <entry>
  11208. one tenth of a Chinese inch (cùn)
  11209. </entry>
  11210. </row>
  11211. <row>
  11212. <entry>
  11213. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fù(bù)</foreignphrase>
  11214. </entry>
  11215. <entry>
  11216. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">腹部</foreignphrase>
  11217. </entry>
  11218. <entry>
  11219. abdomen
  11220. </entry>
  11221. </row>
  11222. <row>
  11223. <entry>
  11224. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fùjìn (fùjìn)</foreignphrase>
  11225. </entry>
  11226. <entry>
  11227. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">附近</foreignphrase>
  11228. </entry>
  11229. <entry>
  11230. area, neighborhood
  11231. </entry>
  11232. </row>
  11233. <row>
  11234. <entry>
  11235. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fùnü</foreignphrase>
  11236. </entry>
  11237. <entry>
  11238. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">妇女</foreignphrase>
  11239. </entry>
  11240. <entry>
  11241. women
  11242. </entry>
  11243. </row>
  11244. <row>
  11245. <entry>
  11246. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fúzhuāngdiàn</foreignphrase>
  11247. </entry>
  11248. <entry>
  11249. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">服装店</foreignphrase>
  11250. </entry>
  11251. <entry>
  11252. clothing store
  11253. </entry>
  11254. </row>
  11255. <row>
  11256. <entry>
  11257. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gànbufú</foreignphrase>
  11258. </entry>
  11259. <entry>
  11260. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">干部服</foreignphrase>
  11261. </entry>
  11262. <entry>
  11263. cadre suit
  11264. </entry>
  11265. </row>
  11266. <row>
  11267. <entry>
  11268. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gānjing</foreignphrase>
  11269. </entry>
  11270. <entry>
  11271. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">干净</foreignphrase>
  11272. </entry>
  11273. <entry>
  11274. to be clean
  11275. </entry>
  11276. </row>
  11277. <row>
  11278. <entry>
  11279. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎnmào, shāngfēng, zhāoliáng</foreignphrase>
  11280. </entry>
  11281. <entry>
  11282. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">感冒,伤风,着凉</foreignphrase>
  11283. </entry>
  11284. <entry>
  11285. cold
  11286. </entry>
  11287. </row>
  11288. <row>
  11289. <entry>
  11290. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎnmào</foreignphrase>
  11291. </entry>
  11292. <entry>
  11293. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">感冒</foreignphrase>
  11294. </entry>
  11295. <entry>
  11296. to catch cold; a cold
  11297. </entry>
  11298. </row>
  11299. <row>
  11300. <entry>
  11301. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎnyán</foreignphrase>
  11302. </entry>
  11303. <entry>
  11304. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肝炎</foreignphrase>
  11305. </entry>
  11306. <entry>
  11307. hepatitis
  11308. </entry>
  11309. </row>
  11310. <row>
  11311. <entry>
  11312. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gānzàng</foreignphrase>
  11313. </entry>
  11314. <entry>
  11315. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肝脏</foreignphrase>
  11316. </entry>
  11317. <entry>
  11318. liver
  11319. </entry>
  11320. </row>
  11321. <row>
  11322. <entry>
  11323. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎo wèishēng</foreignphrase>
  11324. </entry>
  11325. <entry>
  11326. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">搞卫生</foreignphrase>
  11327. </entry>
  11328. <entry>
  11329. to do cleaning
  11330. </entry>
  11331. </row>
  11332. <row>
  11333. <entry>
  11334. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎo</foreignphrase>
  11335. </entry>
  11336. <entry>
  11337. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">搞</foreignphrase>
  11338. </entry>
  11339. <entry>
  11340. to do, to engage in
  11341. </entry>
  11342. </row>
  11343. <row>
  11344. <entry>
  11345. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gēbei, gēbo, shǒubì</foreignphrase>
  11346. </entry>
  11347. <entry>
  11348. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">胳臂,胳膊,手臂</foreignphrase>
  11349. </entry>
  11350. <entry>
  11351. arm
  11352. </entry>
  11353. </row>
  11354. <row>
  11355. <entry>
  11356. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gēbeizhǒu(r)</foreignphrase>
  11357. </entry>
  11358. <entry>
  11359. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">胳膊肘</foreignphrase>
  11360. </entry>
  11361. <entry>
  11362. elbow
  11363. </entry>
  11364. </row>
  11365. <row>
  11366. <entry>
  11367. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Góng’ānjú</foreignphrase>
  11368. </entry>
  11369. <entry>
  11370. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">公安局</foreignphrase>
  11371. </entry>
  11372. <entry>
  11373. Bureau of Public Security (PRC)
  11374. </entry>
  11375. </row>
  11376. <row>
  11377. <entry>
  11378. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngyùlóu</foreignphrase>
  11379. </entry>
  11380. <entry>
  11381. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">公寓楼</foreignphrase>
  11382. </entry>
  11383. <entry>
  11384. apartment building
  11385. </entry>
  11386. </row>
  11387. <row>
  11388. <entry>
  11389. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngyù</foreignphrase>
  11390. </entry>
  11391. <entry>
  11392. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">公寓</foreignphrase>
  11393. </entry>
  11394. <entry>
  11395. apartment building; apartment
  11396. </entry>
  11397. </row>
  11398. <row>
  11399. <entry>
  11400. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gòu</foreignphrase>
  11401. </entry>
  11402. <entry>
  11403. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">够</foreignphrase>
  11404. </entry>
  11405. <entry>
  11406. to be enough
  11407. </entry>
  11408. </row>
  11409. <row>
  11410. <entry>
  11411. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā húzi</foreignphrase>
  11412. </entry>
  11413. <entry>
  11414. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">刮胡子</foreignphrase>
  11415. </entry>
  11416. <entry>
  11417. to shave (the beard)
  11418. </entry>
  11419. </row>
  11420. <row>
  11421. <entry>
  11422. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guǎnjiéyán</foreignphrase>
  11423. </entry>
  11424. <entry>
  11425. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">关节炎</foreignphrase>
  11426. </entry>
  11427. <entry>
  11428. arthritis
  11429. </entry>
  11430. </row>
  11431. <row>
  11432. <entry>
  11433. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guānjié</foreignphrase>
  11434. </entry>
  11435. <entry>
  11436. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">关节</foreignphrase>
  11437. </entry>
  11438. <entry>
  11439. joint
  11440. </entry>
  11441. </row>
  11442. <row>
  11443. <entry>
  11444. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā</foreignphrase>
  11445. </entry>
  11446. <entry>
  11447. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">刮</foreignphrase>
  11448. </entry>
  11449. <entry>
  11450. to blow (of wind, typhoons, etc.)
  11451. </entry>
  11452. </row>
  11453. <row>
  11454. <entry>
  11455. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā</foreignphrase>
  11456. </entry>
  11457. <entry>
  11458. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">刮</foreignphrase>
  11459. </entry>
  11460. <entry>
  11461. to scrape
  11462. </entry>
  11463. </row>
  11464. <row>
  11465. <entry>
  11466. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guìzi</foreignphrase>
  11467. </entry>
  11468. <entry>
  11469. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">柜子</foreignphrase>
  11470. </entry>
  11471. <entry>
  11472. cabinet
  11473. </entry>
  11474. </row>
  11475. <row>
  11476. <entry>
  11477. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guòmǐnzhèng</foreignphrase>
  11478. </entry>
  11479. <entry>
  11480. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">过敏症</foreignphrase>
  11481. </entry>
  11482. <entry>
  11483. allergy
  11484. </entry>
  11485. </row>
  11486. <row>
  11487. <entry>
  11488. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gútou, gǔtou</foreignphrase>
  11489. </entry>
  11490. <entry>
  11491. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">骨头</foreignphrase>
  11492. </entry>
  11493. <entry>
  11494. bone
  11495. </entry>
  11496. </row>
  11497. <row>
  11498. <entry>
  11499. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gútou</foreignphrase>
  11500. </entry>
  11501. <entry>
  11502. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">骨头</foreignphrase>
  11503. </entry>
  11504. <entry>
  11505. bone
  11506. </entry>
  11507. </row>
  11508. <row>
  11509. <entry>
  11510. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gùyì</foreignphrase>
  11511. </entry>
  11512. <entry>
  11513. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">故意</foreignphrase>
  11514. </entry>
  11515. <entry>
  11516. intentionally, willfully, on purpose
  11517. </entry>
  11518. </row>
  11519. <row>
  11520. <entry>
  11521. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hǎibiān(r)</foreignphrase>
  11522. </entry>
  11523. <entry>
  11524. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">海边(儿)</foreignphrase>
  11525. </entry>
  11526. <entry>
  11527. seashore
  11528. </entry>
  11529. </row>
  11530. <row>
  11531. <entry>
  11532. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hàn</foreignphrase>
  11533. </entry>
  11534. <entry>
  11535. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">和</foreignphrase>
  11536. </entry>
  11537. <entry>
  11538. and (Taiwan pronunciation)
  11539. </entry>
  11540. </row>
  11541. <row>
  11542. <entry>
  11543. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hǎoxiàng</foreignphrase>
  11544. </entry>
  11545. <entry>
  11546. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">好像</foreignphrase>
  11547. </entry>
  11548. <entry>
  11549. to seem (to be), to appear that
  11550. </entry>
  11551. </row>
  11552. <row>
  11553. <entry>
  11554. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Héběi</foreignphrase>
  11555. </entry>
  11556. <entry>
  11557. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">河北</foreignphrase>
  11558. </entry>
  11559. <entry>
  11560. north of the (Yellow) river
  11561. </entry>
  11562. </row>
  11563. <row>
  11564. <entry>
  11565. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hénán</foreignphrase>
  11566. </entry>
  11567. <entry>
  11568. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">河南</foreignphrase>
  11569. </entry>
  11570. <entry>
  11571. south of the (Yellow) river
  11572. </entry>
  11573. </row>
  11574. <row>
  11575. <entry>
  11576. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">héshì</foreignphrase>
  11577. </entry>
  11578. <entry>
  11579. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">合适</foreignphrase>
  11580. </entry>
  11581. <entry>
  11582. to fit; to be suitable
  11583. </entry>
  11584. </row>
  11585. <row>
  11586. <entry>
  11587. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hé</foreignphrase>
  11588. </entry>
  11589. <entry>
  11590. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">和</foreignphrase>
  11591. </entry>
  11592. <entry>
  11593. and
  11594. </entry>
  11595. </row>
  11596. <row>
  11597. <entry>
  11598. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hē</foreignphrase>
  11599. </entry>
  11600. <entry>
  11601. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">喝</foreignphrase>
  11602. </entry>
  11603. <entry>
  11604. to drink
  11605. </entry>
  11606. </row>
  11607. <row>
  11608. <entry>
  11609. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hé</foreignphrase>
  11610. </entry>
  11611. <entry>
  11612. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">河</foreignphrase>
  11613. </entry>
  11614. <entry>
  11615. river
  11616. </entry>
  11617. </row>
  11618. <row>
  11619. <entry>
  11620. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hōnggānjī</foreignphrase>
  11621. </entry>
  11622. <entry>
  11623. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">烘干机</foreignphrase>
  11624. </entry>
  11625. <entry>
  11626. dryer
  11627. </entry>
  11628. </row>
  11629. <row>
  11630. <entry>
  11631. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hóulóng (hóulong)</foreignphrase>
  11632. </entry>
  11633. <entry>
  11634. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">喉咙</foreignphrase>
  11635. </entry>
  11636. <entry>
  11637. throat
  11638. </entry>
  11639. </row>
  11640. <row>
  11641. <entry>
  11642. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hóulong</foreignphrase>
  11643. </entry>
  11644. <entry>
  11645. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">喉咙</foreignphrase>
  11646. </entry>
  11647. <entry>
  11648. throat
  11649. </entry>
  11650. </row>
  11651. <row>
  11652. <entry>
  11653. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hòu</foreignphrase>
  11654. </entry>
  11655. <entry>
  11656. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">厚</foreignphrase>
  11657. </entry>
  11658. <entry>
  11659. to be thick; to be heavy (of clothing)
  11660. </entry>
  11661. </row>
  11662. <row>
  11663. <entry>
  11664. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huài</foreignphrase>
  11665. </entry>
  11666. <entry>
  11667. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">坏</foreignphrase>
  11668. </entry>
  11669. <entry>
  11670. to be bad; to go bad, to break
  11671. </entry>
  11672. </row>
  11673. <row>
  11674. <entry>
  11675. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huánjìng</foreignphrase>
  11676. </entry>
  11677. <entry>
  11678. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">环境</foreignphrase>
  11679. </entry>
  11680. <entry>
  11681. environment
  11682. </entry>
  11683. </row>
  11684. <row>
  11685. <entry>
  11686. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Húběi</foreignphrase>
  11687. </entry>
  11688. <entry>
  11689. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">湖北</foreignphrase>
  11690. </entry>
  11691. <entry>
  11692. north of the (Dòngtíng) lake
  11693. </entry>
  11694. </row>
  11695. <row>
  11696. <entry>
  11697. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Húnán</foreignphrase>
  11698. </entry>
  11699. <entry>
  11700. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">湖南</foreignphrase>
  11701. </entry>
  11702. <entry>
  11703. south of the (Dòngtíng) lake
  11704. </entry>
  11705. </row>
  11706. <row>
  11707. <entry>
  11708. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huòluàn</foreignphrase>
  11709. </entry>
  11710. <entry>
  11711. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">霍乱</foreignphrase>
  11712. </entry>
  11713. <entry>
  11714. cholera
  11715. </entry>
  11716. </row>
  11717. <row>
  11718. <entry>
  11719. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">húzi</foreignphrase>
  11720. </entry>
  11721. <entry>
  11722. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">胡子</foreignphrase>
  11723. </entry>
  11724. <entry>
  11725. beard OR mustache
  11726. </entry>
  11727. </row>
  11728. <row>
  11729. <entry>
  11730. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hú</foreignphrase>
  11731. </entry>
  11732. <entry>
  11733. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">湖</foreignphrase>
  11734. </entry>
  11735. <entry>
  11736. lake
  11737. </entry>
  11738. </row>
  11739. <row>
  11740. <entry>
  11741. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiákè(r) OR jiākè(r)</foreignphrase>
  11742. </entry>
  11743. <entry>
  11744. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">夹克</foreignphrase>
  11745. </entry>
  11746. <entry>
  11747. jacket
  11748. </entry>
  11749. </row>
  11750. <row>
  11751. <entry>
  11752. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiānbǎng</foreignphrase>
  11753. </entry>
  11754. <entry>
  11755. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肩膀</foreignphrase>
  11756. </entry>
  11757. <entry>
  11758. shoulder
  11759. </entry>
  11760. </row>
  11761. <row>
  11762. <entry>
  11763. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiàn, jīn (colloquial)</foreignphrase>
  11764. </entry>
  11765. <entry>
  11766. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">腱,肌</foreignphrase>
  11767. </entry>
  11768. <entry>
  11769. tendon
  11770. </entry>
  11771. </row>
  11772. <row>
  11773. <entry>
  11774. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-jiàn</foreignphrase>
  11775. </entry>
  11776. <entry>
  11777. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">-件</foreignphrase>
  11778. </entry>
  11779. <entry>
  11780. (counter for clothing)
  11781. </entry>
  11782. </row>
  11783. <row>
  11784. <entry>
  11785. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǎn</foreignphrase>
  11786. </entry>
  11787. <entry>
  11788. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">减</foreignphrase>
  11789. </entry>
  11790. <entry>
  11791. to cut (with scissors)
  11792. </entry>
  11793. </row>
  11794. <row>
  11795. <entry>
  11796. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-jiān</foreignphrase>
  11797. </entry>
  11798. <entry>
  11799. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">-间</foreignphrase>
  11800. </entry>
  11801. <entry>
  11802. (counter for rooms)
  11803. </entry>
  11804. </row>
  11805. <row>
  11806. <entry>
  11807. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǎogēn</foreignphrase>
  11808. </entry>
  11809. <entry>
  11810. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">脚跟</foreignphrase>
  11811. </entry>
  11812. <entry>
  11813. heel
  11814. </entry>
  11815. </row>
  11816. <row>
  11817. <entry>
  11818. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiào tàiyang shàide</foreignphrase>
  11819. </entry>
  11820. <entry>
  11821. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">*太阳色的</foreignphrase>
  11822. </entry>
  11823. <entry>
  11824. red
  11825. </entry>
  11826. </row>
  11827. <row>
  11828. <entry>
  11829. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǎowànzi</foreignphrase>
  11830. </entry>
  11831. <entry>
  11832. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">脚腕子</foreignphrase>
  11833. </entry>
  11834. <entry>
  11835. ankle
  11836. </entry>
  11837. </row>
  11838. <row>
  11839. <entry>
  11840. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǎozhítou, jiǎozhǐ</foreignphrase>
  11841. </entry>
  11842. <entry>
  11843. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">脚趾头,脚趾</foreignphrase>
  11844. </entry>
  11845. <entry>
  11846. toe
  11847. </entry>
  11848. </row>
  11849. <row>
  11850. <entry>
  11851. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiào</foreignphrase>
  11852. </entry>
  11853. <entry>
  11854. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">叫</foreignphrase>
  11855. </entry>
  11856. <entry>
  11857. to tell/ask (someone to do something)
  11858. </entry>
  11859. </row>
  11860. <row>
  11861. <entry>
  11862. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǎo</foreignphrase>
  11863. </entry>
  11864. <entry>
  11865. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">脚</foreignphrase>
  11866. </entry>
  11867. <entry>
  11868. foot
  11869. </entry>
  11870. </row>
  11871. <row>
  11872. <entry>
  11873. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiàshǐ zhízhào</foreignphrase>
  11874. </entry>
  11875. <entry>
  11876. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">驾驶执照</foreignphrase>
  11877. </entry>
  11878. <entry>
  11879. driver’s license
  11880. </entry>
  11881. </row>
  11882. <row>
  11883. <entry>
  11884. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiàshǐ</foreignphrase>
  11885. </entry>
  11886. <entry>
  11887. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">驾驶</foreignphrase>
  11888. </entry>
  11889. <entry>
  11890. driver, pilot; to drive, to pilot
  11891. </entry>
  11892. </row>
  11893. <row>
  11894. <entry>
  11895. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jílianggǔ</foreignphrase>
  11896. </entry>
  11897. <entry>
  11898. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">脊梁骨</foreignphrase>
  11899. </entry>
  11900. <entry>
  11901. spine
  11902. </entry>
  11903. </row>
  11904. <row>
  11905. <entry>
  11906. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jǐngchájú</foreignphrase>
  11907. </entry>
  11908. <entry>
  11909. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">警察局</foreignphrase>
  11910. </entry>
  11911. <entry>
  11912. police station
  11913. </entry>
  11914. </row>
  11915. <row>
  11916. <entry>
  11917. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jǐngchá</foreignphrase>
  11918. </entry>
  11919. <entry>
  11920. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">警察</foreignphrase>
  11921. </entry>
  11922. <entry>
  11923. policeman
  11924. </entry>
  11925. </row>
  11926. <row>
  11927. <entry>
  11928. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jìngzi</foreignphrase>
  11929. </entry>
  11930. <entry>
  11931. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">镜子</foreignphrase>
  11932. </entry>
  11933. <entry>
  11934. mirror
  11935. </entry>
  11936. </row>
  11937. <row>
  11938. <entry>
  11939. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jīròu</foreignphrase>
  11940. </entry>
  11941. <entry>
  11942. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肌肉</foreignphrase>
  11943. </entry>
  11944. <entry>
  11945. muscle
  11946. </entry>
  11947. </row>
  11948. <row>
  11949. <entry>
  11950. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiùhùchē</foreignphrase>
  11951. </entry>
  11952. <entry>
  11953. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">救护车</foreignphrase>
  11954. </entry>
  11955. <entry>
  11956. ambulance
  11957. </entry>
  11958. </row>
  11959. <row>
  11960. <entry>
  11961. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-juǎn</foreignphrase>
  11962. </entry>
  11963. <entry>
  11964. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">卷</foreignphrase>
  11965. </entry>
  11966. <entry>
  11967. reel (of recording tape); to curl, to roll up
  11968. </entry>
  11969. </row>
  11970. <row>
  11971. <entry>
  11972. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juǎn</foreignphrase>
  11973. </entry>
  11974. <entry>
  11975. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">卷</foreignphrase>
  11976. </entry>
  11977. <entry>
  11978. to curl, to roll up
  11979. </entry>
  11980. </row>
  11981. <row>
  11982. <entry>
  11983. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juéde</foreignphrase>
  11984. </entry>
  11985. <entry>
  11986. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">觉得</foreignphrase>
  11987. </entry>
  11988. <entry>
  11989. to feel
  11990. </entry>
  11991. </row>
  11992. <row>
  11993. <entry>
  11994. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jūnshì</foreignphrase>
  11995. </entry>
  11996. <entry>
  11997. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">军事</foreignphrase>
  11998. </entry>
  11999. <entry>
  12000. military
  12001. </entry>
  12002. </row>
  12003. <row>
  12004. <entry>
  12005. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāi dāo</foreignphrase>
  12006. </entry>
  12007. <entry>
  12008. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani"></foreignphrase>
  12009. </entry>
  12010. <entry>
  12011. to operate; to be operated on
  12012. </entry>
  12013. </row>
  12014. <row>
  12015. <entry>
  12016. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāishǐ</foreignphrase>
  12017. </entry>
  12018. <entry>
  12019. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">开始</foreignphrase>
  12020. </entry>
  12021. <entry>
  12022. to begin, to start
  12023. </entry>
  12024. </row>
  12025. <row>
  12026. <entry>
  12027. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāishuǐ</foreignphrase>
  12028. </entry>
  12029. <entry>
  12030. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">开水</foreignphrase>
  12031. </entry>
  12032. <entry>
  12033. boiled water
  12034. </entry>
  12035. </row>
  12036. <row>
  12037. <entry>
  12038. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāi yàofāng</foreignphrase>
  12039. </entry>
  12040. <entry>
  12041. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">开药方</foreignphrase>
  12042. </entry>
  12043. <entry>
  12044. to write a prescription
  12045. </entry>
  12046. </row>
  12047. <row>
  12048. <entry>
  12049. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kàn bìng</foreignphrase>
  12050. </entry>
  12051. <entry>
  12052. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">看病</foreignphrase>
  12053. </entry>
  12054. <entry>
  12055. to have an illness treated/diagnosed
  12056. </entry>
  12057. </row>
  12058. <row>
  12059. <entry>
  12060. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kàn dàifu</foreignphrase>
  12061. </entry>
  12062. <entry>
  12063. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">看大夫</foreignphrase>
  12064. </entry>
  12065. <entry>
  12066. to see a doctor
  12067. </entry>
  12068. </row>
  12069. <row>
  12070. <entry>
  12071. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kān</foreignphrase>
  12072. </entry>
  12073. <entry>
  12074. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">看</foreignphrase>
  12075. </entry>
  12076. <entry>
  12077. to look after, to watch over
  12078. </entry>
  12079. </row>
  12080. <row>
  12081. <entry>
  12082. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">késou</foreignphrase>
  12083. </entry>
  12084. <entry>
  12085. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">咳嗽</foreignphrase>
  12086. </entry>
  12087. <entry>
  12088. to cough
  12089. </entry>
  12090. </row>
  12091. <row>
  12092. <entry>
  12093. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kètīng</foreignphrase>
  12094. </entry>
  12095. <entry>
  12096. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">客厅</foreignphrase>
  12097. </entry>
  12098. <entry>
  12099. living room
  12100. </entry>
  12101. </row>
  12102. <row>
  12103. <entry>
  12104. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kètīng</foreignphrase>
  12105. </entry>
  12106. <entry>
  12107. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">客厅</foreignphrase>
  12108. </entry>
  12109. <entry>
  12110. living room
  12111. </entry>
  12112. </row>
  12113. <row>
  12114. <entry>
  12115. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kōngqì (kōngqi)</foreignphrase>
  12116. </entry>
  12117. <entry>
  12118. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">空气</foreignphrase>
  12119. </entry>
  12120. <entry>
  12121. air
  12122. </entry>
  12123. </row>
  12124. <row>
  12125. <entry>
  12126. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kōngqì wūrǎn</foreignphrase>
  12127. </entry>
  12128. <entry>
  12129. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">空气污染</foreignphrase>
  12130. </entry>
  12131. <entry>
  12132. air pollution
  12133. </entry>
  12134. </row>
  12135. <row>
  12136. <entry>
  12137. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kǒudài</foreignphrase>
  12138. </entry>
  12139. <entry>
  12140. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">口袋</foreignphrase>
  12141. </entry>
  12142. <entry>
  12143. pocket
  12144. </entry>
  12145. </row>
  12146. <row>
  12147. <entry>
  12148. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kùzi (yìtiāo)</foreignphrase>
  12149. </entry>
  12150. <entry>
  12151. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">裤子(一条)</foreignphrase>
  12152. </entry>
  12153. <entry>
  12154. pants
  12155. </entry>
  12156. </row>
  12157. <row>
  12158. <entry>
  12159. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lā dùzi</foreignphrase>
  12160. </entry>
  12161. <entry>
  12162. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">拉肚子</foreignphrase>
  12163. </entry>
  12164. <entry>
  12165. to have diarrhea
  12166. </entry>
  12167. </row>
  12168. <row>
  12169. <entry>
  12170. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lājī; lèsè (Taiwan)</foreignphrase>
  12171. </entry>
  12172. <entry>
  12173. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">垃圾</foreignphrase>
  12174. </entry>
  12175. <entry>
  12176. garbage
  12177. </entry>
  12178. </row>
  12179. <row>
  12180. <entry>
  12181. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lājītǒng; lèsètǒng (Taiwan)</foreignphrase>
  12182. </entry>
  12183. <entry>
  12184. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">垃圾桶</foreignphrase>
  12185. </entry>
  12186. <entry>
  12187. garbage pail
  12188. </entry>
  12189. </row>
  12190. <row>
  12191. <entry>
  12192. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lājíxiāng; lèsèxiāng (Taiwan)</foreignphrase>
  12193. </entry>
  12194. <entry>
  12195. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">垃圾箱</foreignphrase>
  12196. </entry>
  12197. <entry>
  12198. garbage can
  12199. </entry>
  12200. </row>
  12201. <row>
  12202. <entry>
  12203. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lánwěiyán</foreignphrase>
  12204. </entry>
  12205. <entry>
  12206. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">appendicitis</foreignphrase>
  12207. </entry>
  12208. <entry>
  12209. appendicitis
  12210. </entry>
  12211. </row>
  12212. <row>
  12213. <entry>
  12214. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lánwěi</foreignphrase>
  12215. </entry>
  12216. <entry>
  12217. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">阑尾</foreignphrase>
  12218. </entry>
  12219. <entry>
  12220. appendix
  12221. </entry>
  12222. </row>
  12223. <row>
  12224. <entry>
  12225. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lèigǔ, lègǔ</foreignphrase>
  12226. </entry>
  12227. <entry>
  12228. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肋骨</foreignphrase>
  12229. </entry>
  12230. <entry>
  12231. rib
  12232. </entry>
  12233. </row>
  12234. <row>
  12235. <entry>
  12236. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lěngqìjī</foreignphrase>
  12237. </entry>
  12238. <entry>
  12239. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">冷气机</foreignphrase>
  12240. </entry>
  12241. <entry>
  12242. air conditioner
  12243. </entry>
  12244. </row>
  12245. <row>
  12246. <entry>
  12247. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lěng</foreignphrase>
  12248. </entry>
  12249. <entry>
  12250. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">冷</foreignphrase>
  12251. </entry>
  12252. <entry>
  12253. to be cold
  12254. </entry>
  12255. </row>
  12256. <row>
  12257. <entry>
  12258. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎngbiān</foreignphrase>
  12259. </entry>
  12260. <entry>
  12261. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">两边</foreignphrase>
  12262. </entry>
  12263. <entry>
  12264. both sides, two sides
  12265. </entry>
  12266. </row>
  12267. <row>
  12268. <entry>
  12269. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liángkuai</foreignphrase>
  12270. </entry>
  12271. <entry>
  12272. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">凉快</foreignphrase>
  12273. </entry>
  12274. <entry>
  12275. to be cool
  12276. </entry>
  12277. </row>
  12278. <row>
  12279. <entry>
  12280. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liáng tǐwēn</foreignphrase>
  12281. </entry>
  12282. <entry>
  12283. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">量体温</foreignphrase>
  12284. </entry>
  12285. <entry>
  12286. to take a person’s temperature
  12287. </entry>
  12288. </row>
  12289. <row>
  12290. <entry>
  12291. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-liàng</foreignphrase>
  12292. </entry>
  12293. <entry>
  12294. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">-辆</foreignphrase>
  12295. </entry>
  12296. <entry>
  12297. (counter for vehicles)
  12298. </entry>
  12299. </row>
  12300. <row>
  12301. <entry>
  12302. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liáng</foreignphrase>
  12303. </entry>
  12304. <entry>
  12305. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">量</foreignphrase>
  12306. </entry>
  12307. <entry>
  12308. to measure
  12309. </entry>
  12310. </row>
  12311. <row>
  12312. <entry>
  12313. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liáng</foreignphrase>
  12314. </entry>
  12315. <entry>
  12316. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">量</foreignphrase>
  12317. </entry>
  12318. <entry>
  12319. to measure
  12320. </entry>
  12321. </row>
  12322. <row>
  12323. <entry>
  12324. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎn</foreignphrase>
  12325. </entry>
  12326. <entry>
  12327. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">脸</foreignphrase>
  12328. </entry>
  12329. <entry>
  12330. face (of a person)
  12331. </entry>
  12332. </row>
  12333. <row>
  12334. <entry>
  12335. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎn</foreignphrase>
  12336. </entry>
  12337. <entry>
  12338. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">脸</foreignphrase>
  12339. </entry>
  12340. <entry>
  12341. face
  12342. </entry>
  12343. </row>
  12344. <row>
  12345. <entry>
  12346. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liàozi</foreignphrase>
  12347. </entry>
  12348. <entry>
  12349. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">料子</foreignphrase>
  12350. </entry>
  12351. <entry>
  12352. material, fabric
  12353. </entry>
  12354. </row>
  12355. <row>
  12356. <entry>
  12357. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lìhai</foreignphrase>
  12358. </entry>
  12359. <entry>
  12360. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">厉害</foreignphrase>
  12361. </entry>
  12362. <entry>
  12363. to be severe, to be fierce
  12364. </entry>
  12365. </row>
  12366. <row>
  12367. <entry>
  12368. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">líkāi</foreignphrase>
  12369. </entry>
  12370. <entry>
  12371. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">离开</foreignphrase>
  12372. </entry>
  12373. <entry>
  12374. to leave
  12375. </entry>
  12376. </row>
  12377. <row>
  12378. <entry>
  12379. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lǐng</foreignphrase>
  12380. </entry>
  12381. <entry>
  12382. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">领</foreignphrase>
  12383. </entry>
  12384. <entry>
  12385. to collect, to pick up (something which is issued)
  12386. </entry>
  12387. </row>
  12388. <row>
  12389. <entry>
  12390. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liú húzi</foreignphrase>
  12391. </entry>
  12392. <entry>
  12393. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">留胡子</foreignphrase>
  12394. </entry>
  12395. <entry>
  12396. to grow a beard or mustache
  12397. </entry>
  12398. </row>
  12399. <row>
  12400. <entry>
  12401. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liúxíngxìng gǎnmào, liúgǎn</foreignphrase>
  12402. </entry>
  12403. <entry>
  12404. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">流行性感冒,流感</foreignphrase>
  12405. </entry>
  12406. <entry>
  12407. flu
  12408. </entry>
  12409. </row>
  12410. <row>
  12411. <entry>
  12412. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liúxíngxìng gǎnmào</foreignphrase>
  12413. </entry>
  12414. <entry>
  12415. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">流行性感冒</foreignphrase>
  12416. </entry>
  12417. <entry>
  12418. influenza, flu
  12419. </entry>
  12420. </row>
  12421. <row>
  12422. <entry>
  12423. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liú xuě (xiě, xuè)</foreignphrase>
  12424. </entry>
  12425. <entry>
  12426. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">流血</foreignphrase>
  12427. </entry>
  12428. <entry>
  12429. to bleed
  12430. </entry>
  12431. </row>
  12432. <row>
  12433. <entry>
  12434. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liú</foreignphrase>
  12435. </entry>
  12436. <entry>
  12437. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">留</foreignphrase>
  12438. </entry>
  12439. <entry>
  12440. to remain, to stay; to keep, to save; to grow, to let grow; to leave
  12441. </entry>
  12442. </row>
  12443. <row>
  12444. <entry>
  12445. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lóutī</foreignphrase>
  12446. </entry>
  12447. <entry>
  12448. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">楼梯</foreignphrase>
  12449. </entry>
  12450. <entry>
  12451. stairs
  12452. </entry>
  12453. </row>
  12454. <row>
  12455. <entry>
  12456. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lùbiān(r)</foreignphrase>
  12457. </entry>
  12458. <entry>
  12459. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">路边</foreignphrase>
  12460. </entry>
  12461. <entry>
  12462. side of the road
  12463. </entry>
  12464. </row>
  12465. <row>
  12466. <entry>
  12467. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lùyīndài</foreignphrase>
  12468. </entry>
  12469. <entry>
  12470. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">录音带</foreignphrase>
  12471. </entry>
  12472. <entry>
  12473. recording tape
  12474. </entry>
  12475. </row>
  12476. <row>
  12477. <entry>
  12478. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lùyīnjī</foreignphrase>
  12479. </entry>
  12480. <entry>
  12481. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">录音机</foreignphrase>
  12482. </entry>
  12483. <entry>
  12484. tape recorder
  12485. </entry>
  12486. </row>
  12487. <row>
  12488. <entry>
  12489. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lúzi</foreignphrase>
  12490. </entry>
  12491. <entry>
  12492. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">炉子</foreignphrase>
  12493. </entry>
  12494. <entry>
  12495. stove
  12496. </entry>
  12497. </row>
  12498. <row>
  12499. <entry>
  12500. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">máfan</foreignphrase>
  12501. </entry>
  12502. <entry>
  12503. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">麻烦</foreignphrase>
  12504. </entry>
  12505. <entry>
  12506. to be troublesome, to be a bother; bother, trouble
  12507. </entry>
  12508. </row>
  12509. <row>
  12510. <entry>
  12511. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎlù</foreignphrase>
  12512. </entry>
  12513. <entry>
  12514. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">马路</foreignphrase>
  12515. </entry>
  12516. <entry>
  12517. street, avenue (paved)
  12518. </entry>
  12519. </row>
  12520. <row>
  12521. <entry>
  12522. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">máoyī</foreignphrase>
  12523. </entry>
  12524. <entry>
  12525. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">毛衣</foreignphrase>
  12526. </entry>
  12527. <entry>
  12528. sweater
  12529. </entry>
  12530. </row>
  12531. <row>
  12532. <entry>
  12533. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">màozi (yìdǐng)</foreignphrase>
  12534. </entry>
  12535. <entry>
  12536. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">帽子(一顶)</foreignphrase>
  12537. </entry>
  12538. <entry>
  12539. hat
  12540. </entry>
  12541. </row>
  12542. <row>
  12543. <entry>
  12544. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎshàng</foreignphrase>
  12545. </entry>
  12546. <entry>
  12547. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">马上</foreignphrase>
  12548. </entry>
  12549. <entry>
  12550. immediately
  12551. </entry>
  12552. </row>
  12553. <row>
  12554. <entry>
  12555. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mázhěn</foreignphrase>
  12556. </entry>
  12557. <entry>
  12558. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">麻疹</foreignphrase>
  12559. </entry>
  12560. <entry>
  12561. measles
  12562. </entry>
  12563. </row>
  12564. <row>
  12565. <entry>
  12566. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méimao</foreignphrase>
  12567. </entry>
  12568. <entry>
  12569. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">眉毛</foreignphrase>
  12570. </entry>
  12571. <entry>
  12572. eyebrow
  12573. </entry>
  12574. </row>
  12575. <row>
  12576. <entry>
  12577. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méi shì (le)</foreignphrase>
  12578. </entry>
  12579. <entry>
  12580. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">没事了</foreignphrase>
  12581. </entry>
  12582. <entry>
  12583. everything is all right (now); there is no (further) business
  12584. </entry>
  12585. </row>
  12586. <row>
  12587. <entry>
  12588. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méi wèntí</foreignphrase>
  12589. </entry>
  12590. <entry>
  12591. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">没问题</foreignphrase>
  12592. </entry>
  12593. <entry>
  12594. no problem
  12595. </entry>
  12596. </row>
  12597. <row>
  12598. <entry>
  12599. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méi</foreignphrase>
  12600. </entry>
  12601. <entry>
  12602. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">霉</foreignphrase>
  12603. </entry>
  12604. <entry>
  12605. fungus
  12606. </entry>
  12607. </row>
  12608. <row>
  12609. <entry>
  12610. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mén</foreignphrase>
  12611. </entry>
  12612. <entry>
  12613. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">门</foreignphrase>
  12614. </entry>
  12615. <entry>
  12616. door
  12617. </entry>
  12618. </row>
  12619. <row>
  12620. <entry>
  12621. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mián’āo</foreignphrase>
  12622. </entry>
  12623. <entry>
  12624. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">棉袄</foreignphrase>
  12625. </entry>
  12626. <entry>
  12627. cotton-padded jacket
  12628. </entry>
  12629. </row>
  12630. <row>
  12631. <entry>
  12632. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">miànjiá, sāi</foreignphrase>
  12633. </entry>
  12634. <entry>
  12635. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">面颊,腮</foreignphrase>
  12636. </entry>
  12637. <entry>
  12638. cheek
  12639. </entry>
  12640. </row>
  12641. <row>
  12642. <entry>
  12643. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mótuōchē (mōtuōchē)</foreignphrase>
  12644. </entry>
  12645. <entry>
  12646. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">摩托车</foreignphrase>
  12647. </entry>
  12648. <entry>
  12649. motorcycle
  12650. </entry>
  12651. </row>
  12652. <row>
  12653. <entry>
  12654. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǔzhǐ</foreignphrase>
  12655. </entry>
  12656. <entry>
  12657. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">拇指</foreignphrase>
  12658. </entry>
  12659. <entry>
  12660. thumb
  12661. </entry>
  12662. </row>
  12663. <row>
  12664. <entry>
  12665. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǎo(zi)</foreignphrase>
  12666. </entry>
  12667. <entry>
  12668. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">脑(子)</foreignphrase>
  12669. </entry>
  12670. <entry>
  12671. brain
  12672. </entry>
  12673. </row>
  12674. <row>
  12675. <entry>
  12676. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nà</foreignphrase>
  12677. </entry>
  12678. <entry>
  12679. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">那</foreignphrase>
  12680. </entry>
  12681. <entry>
  12682. then, in that case
  12683. </entry>
  12684. </row>
  12685. <row>
  12686. <entry>
  12687. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèikē yīshēng</foreignphrase>
  12688. </entry>
  12689. <entry>
  12690. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">内科医生</foreignphrase>
  12691. </entry>
  12692. <entry>
  12693. internist, physician
  12694. </entry>
  12695. </row>
  12696. <row>
  12697. <entry>
  12698. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèikē</foreignphrase>
  12699. </entry>
  12700. <entry>
  12701. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">内科</foreignphrase>
  12702. </entry>
  12703. <entry>
  12704. internal medicine, general medicine; department of internal medicine
  12705. </entry>
  12706. </row>
  12707. <row>
  12708. <entry>
  12709. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèikù</foreignphrase>
  12710. </entry>
  12711. <entry>
  12712. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">内裤</foreignphrase>
  12713. </entry>
  12714. <entry>
  12715. underpants
  12716. </entry>
  12717. </row>
  12718. <row>
  12719. <entry>
  12720. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèiyī</foreignphrase>
  12721. </entry>
  12722. <entry>
  12723. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">内衣</foreignphrase>
  12724. </entry>
  12725. <entry>
  12726. underwear (undershirts, undershorts, briefs, slips, bras, etc.); just undershirt (when used in contrast to nèikù, underpants)
  12727. </entry>
  12728. </row>
  12729. <row>
  12730. <entry>
  12731. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nílóng</foreignphrase>
  12732. </entry>
  12733. <entry>
  12734. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">尼龙</foreignphrase>
  12735. </entry>
  12736. <entry>
  12737. nylon
  12738. </entry>
  12739. </row>
  12740. <row>
  12741. <entry>
  12742. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niúnǎi</foreignphrase>
  12743. </entry>
  12744. <entry>
  12745. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">牛奶</foreignphrase>
  12746. </entry>
  12747. <entry>
  12748. (cow’s) milk
  12749. </entry>
  12750. </row>
  12751. <row>
  12752. <entry>
  12753. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nòng gānjing</foreignphrase>
  12754. </entry>
  12755. <entry>
  12756. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">弄干净</foreignphrase>
  12757. </entry>
  12758. <entry>
  12759. to clean up
  12760. </entry>
  12761. </row>
  12762. <row>
  12763. <entry>
  12764. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nóngzhǒng</foreignphrase>
  12765. </entry>
  12766. <entry>
  12767. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">脓肿</foreignphrase>
  12768. </entry>
  12769. <entry>
  12770. abscess
  12771. </entry>
  12772. </row>
  12773. <row>
  12774. <entry>
  12775. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nòng</foreignphrase>
  12776. </entry>
  12777. <entry>
  12778. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">弄</foreignphrase>
  12779. </entry>
  12780. <entry>
  12781. to do, to handle, to manage, to make
  12782. </entry>
  12783. </row>
  12784. <row>
  12785. <entry>
  12786. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nuǎnhuo</foreignphrase>
  12787. </entry>
  12788. <entry>
  12789. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">暖和</foreignphrase>
  12790. </entry>
  12791. <entry>
  12792. to be warm
  12793. </entry>
  12794. </row>
  12795. <row>
  12796. <entry>
  12797. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">páizi</foreignphrase>
  12798. </entry>
  12799. <entry>
  12800. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">牌子</foreignphrase>
  12801. </entry>
  12802. <entry>
  12803. sign, poster, plate; brand name, trade mark
  12804. </entry>
  12805. </row>
  12806. <row>
  12807. <entry>
  12808. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pífu</foreignphrase>
  12809. </entry>
  12810. <entry>
  12811. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">皮肤</foreignphrase>
  12812. </entry>
  12813. <entry>
  12814. skin
  12815. </entry>
  12816. </row>
  12817. <row>
  12818. <entry>
  12819. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pìgǔ</foreignphrase>
  12820. </entry>
  12821. <entry>
  12822. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">屁股</foreignphrase>
  12823. </entry>
  12824. <entry>
  12825. buttocks
  12826. </entry>
  12827. </row>
  12828. <row>
  12829. <entry>
  12830. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">píngcháng</foreignphrase>
  12831. </entry>
  12832. <entry>
  12833. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">平常</foreignphrase>
  12834. </entry>
  12835. <entry>
  12836. usually, generally, ordinarily
  12837. </entry>
  12838. </row>
  12839. <row>
  12840. <entry>
  12841. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">píxié</foreignphrase>
  12842. </entry>
  12843. <entry>
  12844. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">皮鞋</foreignphrase>
  12845. </entry>
  12846. <entry>
  12847. leather shoes
  12848. </entry>
  12849. </row>
  12850. <row>
  12851. <entry>
  12852. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pò</foreignphrase>
  12853. </entry>
  12854. <entry>
  12855. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">破</foreignphrase>
  12856. </entry>
  12857. <entry>
  12858. to be worn out; to break, to tear
  12859. </entry>
  12860. </row>
  12861. <row>
  12862. <entry>
  12863. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qiáng</foreignphrase>
  12864. </entry>
  12865. <entry>
  12866. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">墙</foreignphrase>
  12867. </entry>
  12868. <entry>
  12869. wall
  12870. </entry>
  12871. </row>
  12872. <row>
  12873. <entry>
  12874. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qìchuǎnbìng</foreignphrase>
  12875. </entry>
  12876. <entry>
  12877. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">气喘病</foreignphrase>
  12878. </entry>
  12879. <entry>
  12880. asthma
  12881. </entry>
  12882. </row>
  12883. <row>
  12884. <entry>
  12885. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qìhòu (qìhou)</foreignphrase>
  12886. </entry>
  12887. <entry>
  12888. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">气候</foreignphrase>
  12889. </entry>
  12890. <entry>
  12891. climate
  12892. </entry>
  12893. </row>
  12894. <row>
  12895. <entry>
  12896. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qǐngjìng</foreignphrase>
  12897. </entry>
  12898. <entry>
  12899. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">请静</foreignphrase>
  12900. </entry>
  12901. <entry>
  12902. to be quiet
  12903. </entry>
  12904. </row>
  12905. <row>
  12906. <entry>
  12907. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qíng</foreignphrase>
  12908. </entry>
  12909. <entry>
  12910. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">清</foreignphrase>
  12911. </entry>
  12912. <entry>
  12913. to be clear
  12914. </entry>
  12915. </row>
  12916. <row>
  12917. <entry>
  12918. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qípáo</foreignphrase>
  12919. </entry>
  12920. <entry>
  12921. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">旗袍</foreignphrase>
  12922. </entry>
  12923. <entry>
  12924. close-fitting woman’s dress with high neck and slit skirt; cheongsam
  12925. </entry>
  12926. </row>
  12927. <row>
  12928. <entry>
  12929. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qiūtiān (qiūtian)</foreignphrase>
  12930. </entry>
  12931. <entry>
  12932. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">秋天</foreignphrase>
  12933. </entry>
  12934. <entry>
  12935. fall, autumn
  12936. </entry>
  12937. </row>
  12938. <row>
  12939. <entry>
  12940. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qí</foreignphrase>
  12941. </entry>
  12942. <entry>
  12943. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">骑</foreignphrase>
  12944. </entry>
  12945. <entry>
  12946. to ride by straddling
  12947. </entry>
  12948. </row>
  12949. <row>
  12950. <entry>
  12951. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qúnzi</foreignphrase>
  12952. </entry>
  12953. <entry>
  12954. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">裙子</foreignphrase>
  12955. </entry>
  12956. <entry>
  12957. skirt
  12958. </entry>
  12959. </row>
  12960. <row>
  12961. <entry>
  12962. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qù</foreignphrase>
  12963. </entry>
  12964. <entry>
  12965. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">去</foreignphrase>
  12966. </entry>
  12967. <entry>
  12968. to go
  12969. </entry>
  12970. </row>
  12971. <row>
  12972. <entry>
  12973. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ràng</foreignphrase>
  12974. </entry>
  12975. <entry>
  12976. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">让</foreignphrase>
  12977. </entry>
  12978. <entry>
  12979. to let, to allow, to cause someone to do something
  12980. </entry>
  12981. </row>
  12982. <row>
  12983. <entry>
  12984. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rénkǒu</foreignphrase>
  12985. </entry>
  12986. <entry>
  12987. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">人口</foreignphrase>
  12988. </entry>
  12989. <entry>
  12990. population
  12991. </entry>
  12992. </row>
  12993. <row>
  12994. <entry>
  12995. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rè</foreignphrase>
  12996. </entry>
  12997. <entry>
  12998. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">热</foreignphrase>
  12999. </entry>
  13000. <entry>
  13001. to be hot
  13002. </entry>
  13003. </row>
  13004. <row>
  13005. <entry>
  13006. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rǔfáng, nǎi, rǔ</foreignphrase>
  13007. </entry>
  13008. <entry>
  13009. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">乳房,奶,乳</foreignphrase>
  13010. </entry>
  13011. <entry>
  13012. breast
  13013. </entry>
  13014. </row>
  13015. <row>
  13016. <entry>
  13017. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sàozhou, sàobǎ</foreignphrase>
  13018. </entry>
  13019. <entry>
  13020. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">扫帚,扫把</foreignphrase>
  13021. </entry>
  13022. <entry>
  13023. broom
  13024. </entry>
  13025. </row>
  13026. <row>
  13027. <entry>
  13028. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sēnlín</foreignphrase>
  13029. </entry>
  13030. <entry>
  13031. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">森林</foreignphrase>
  13032. </entry>
  13033. <entry>
  13034. forest
  13035. </entry>
  13036. </row>
  13037. <row>
  13038. <entry>
  13039. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shāfā</foreignphrase>
  13040. </entry>
  13041. <entry>
  13042. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">沙发</foreignphrase>
  13043. </entry>
  13044. <entry>
  13045. sofa
  13046. </entry>
  13047. </row>
  13048. <row>
  13049. <entry>
  13050. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shàihóng le</foreignphrase>
  13051. </entry>
  13052. <entry>
  13053. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">晒红了</foreignphrase>
  13054. </entry>
  13055. <entry>
  13056. sunburn
  13057. </entry>
  13058. </row>
  13059. <row>
  13060. <entry>
  13061. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shài tuō pí le</foreignphrase>
  13062. </entry>
  13063. <entry>
  13064. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">晒脱皮了</foreignphrase>
  13065. </entry>
  13066. <entry>
  13067. skin peeling
  13068. </entry>
  13069. </row>
  13070. <row>
  13071. <entry>
  13072. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shāndōng</foreignphrase>
  13073. </entry>
  13074. <entry>
  13075. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">山东</foreignphrase>
  13076. </entry>
  13077. <entry>
  13078. east of the (Tàiháng) mountains
  13079. </entry>
  13080. </row>
  13081. <row>
  13082. <entry>
  13083. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shàngyī</foreignphrase>
  13084. </entry>
  13085. <entry>
  13086. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">上衣</foreignphrase>
  13087. </entry>
  13088. <entry>
  13089. upper garment
  13090. </entry>
  13091. </row>
  13092. <row>
  13093. <entry>
  13094. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shānxǐ</foreignphrase>
  13095. </entry>
  13096. <entry>
  13097. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">陕西</foreignphrase>
  13098. </entry>
  13099. <entry>
  13100. west of the (Tàiháng) mountains
  13101. </entry>
  13102. </row>
  13103. <row>
  13104. <entry>
  13105. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shān</foreignphrase>
  13106. </entry>
  13107. <entry>
  13108. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">山</foreignphrase>
  13109. </entry>
  13110. <entry>
  13111. mountain
  13112. </entry>
  13113. </row>
  13114. <row>
  13115. <entry>
  13116. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shàn</foreignphrase>
  13117. </entry>
  13118. <entry>
  13119. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">疝</foreignphrase>
  13120. </entry>
  13121. <entry>
  13122. hernia
  13123. </entry>
  13124. </row>
  13125. <row>
  13126. <entry>
  13127. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shāohǎole</foreignphrase>
  13128. </entry>
  13129. <entry>
  13130. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">烧好了</foreignphrase>
  13131. </entry>
  13132. <entry>
  13133. to have heated up; to have finished cooking
  13134. </entry>
  13135. </row>
  13136. <row>
  13137. <entry>
  13138. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǎo</foreignphrase>
  13139. </entry>
  13140. <entry>
  13141. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">少</foreignphrase>
  13142. </entry>
  13143. <entry>
  13144. to be few; seldom
  13145. </entry>
  13146. </row>
  13147. <row>
  13148. <entry>
  13149. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shāo</foreignphrase>
  13150. </entry>
  13151. <entry>
  13152. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">烧</foreignphrase>
  13153. </entry>
  13154. <entry>
  13155. to heat; to cook
  13156. </entry>
  13157. </row>
  13158. <row>
  13159. <entry>
  13160. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shéi</foreignphrase>
  13161. </entry>
  13162. <entry>
  13163. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">谁</foreignphrase>
  13164. </entry>
  13165. <entry>
  13166. someone
  13167. </entry>
  13168. </row>
  13169. <row>
  13170. <entry>
  13171. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēnbàodān</foreignphrase>
  13172. </entry>
  13173. <entry>
  13174. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">申报单</foreignphrase>
  13175. </entry>
  13176. <entry>
  13177. customs declaration (form)
  13178. </entry>
  13179. </row>
  13180. <row>
  13181. <entry>
  13182. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēnbào</foreignphrase>
  13183. </entry>
  13184. <entry>
  13185. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">申报</foreignphrase>
  13186. </entry>
  13187. <entry>
  13188. to declare, to report
  13189. </entry>
  13190. </row>
  13191. <row>
  13192. <entry>
  13193. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēng bìng</foreignphrase>
  13194. </entry>
  13195. <entry>
  13196. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">生病</foreignphrase>
  13197. </entry>
  13198. <entry>
  13199. to get sick, to become ill
  13200. </entry>
  13201. </row>
  13202. <row>
  13203. <entry>
  13204. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēng</foreignphrase>
  13205. </entry>
  13206. <entry>
  13207. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">生</foreignphrase>
  13208. </entry>
  13209. <entry>
  13210. to develop (as in shēng bìng)
  13211. </entry>
  13212. </row>
  13213. <row>
  13214. <entry>
  13215. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shénjīng jǐnzhāng</foreignphrase>
  13216. </entry>
  13217. <entry>
  13218. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">神经紧张</foreignphrase>
  13219. </entry>
  13220. <entry>
  13221. nervous tension
  13222. </entry>
  13223. </row>
  13224. <row>
  13225. <entry>
  13226. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shénjīng</foreignphrase>
  13227. </entry>
  13228. <entry>
  13229. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">神经</foreignphrase>
  13230. </entry>
  13231. <entry>
  13232. nerve
  13233. </entry>
  13234. </row>
  13235. <row>
  13236. <entry>
  13237. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shénmeyàng</foreignphrase>
  13238. </entry>
  13239. <entry>
  13240. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">什么样</foreignphrase>
  13241. </entry>
  13242. <entry>
  13243. like what, what kind
  13244. </entry>
  13245. </row>
  13246. <row>
  13247. <entry>
  13248. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēnshang</foreignphrase>
  13249. </entry>
  13250. <entry>
  13251. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">身上</foreignphrase>
  13252. </entry>
  13253. <entry>
  13254. on one’s body
  13255. </entry>
  13256. </row>
  13257. <row>
  13258. <entry>
  13259. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shèn(zàng)</foreignphrase>
  13260. </entry>
  13261. <entry>
  13262. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">肾(脏)</foreignphrase>
  13263. </entry>
  13264. <entry>
  13265. kidney
  13266. </entry>
  13267. </row>
  13268. <row>
  13269. <entry>
  13270. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shétou</foreignphrase>
  13271. </entry>
  13272. <entry>
  13273. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">舌头</foreignphrase>
  13274. </entry>
  13275. <entry>
  13276. tongue
  13277. </entry>
  13278. </row>
  13279. <row>
  13280. <entry>
  13281. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shìqing</foreignphrase>
  13282. </entry>
  13283. <entry>
  13284. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">事情</foreignphrase>
  13285. </entry>
  13286. <entry>
  13287. matter, affair, business, thing
  13288. </entry>
  13289. </row>
  13290. <row>
  13291. <entry>
  13292. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shíwù zhòngdú</foreignphrase>
  13293. </entry>
  13294. <entry>
  13295. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">食物中毒</foreignphrase>
  13296. </entry>
  13297. <entry>
  13298. food poisoning
  13299. </entry>
  13300. </row>
  13301. <row>
  13302. <entry>
  13303. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shì(yi)shi</foreignphrase>
  13304. </entry>
  13305. <entry>
  13306. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">试一试</foreignphrase>
  13307. </entry>
  13308. <entry>
  13309. to give it a try
  13310. </entry>
  13311. </row>
  13312. <row>
  13313. <entry>
  13314. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shì</foreignphrase>
  13315. </entry>
  13316. <entry>
  13317. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">试</foreignphrase>
  13318. </entry>
  13319. <entry>
  13320. to try
  13321. </entry>
  13322. </row>
  13323. <row>
  13324. <entry>
  13325. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǒushi (shǒushì)</foreignphrase>
  13326. </entry>
  13327. <entry>
  13328. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">首饰</foreignphrase>
  13329. </entry>
  13330. <entry>
  13331. jewelry
  13332. </entry>
  13333. </row>
  13334. <row>
  13335. <entry>
  13336. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shōushi</foreignphrase>
  13337. </entry>
  13338. <entry>
  13339. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">收拾</foreignphrase>
  13340. </entry>
  13341. <entry>
  13342. to tidy up
  13343. </entry>
  13344. </row>
  13345. <row>
  13346. <entry>
  13347. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǒuzhítou, shǒuzhǐtou</foreignphrase>
  13348. </entry>
  13349. <entry>
  13350. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">手指头</foreignphrase>
  13351. </entry>
  13352. <entry>
  13353. finger
  13354. </entry>
  13355. </row>
  13356. <row>
  13357. <entry>
  13358. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǒu</foreignphrase>
  13359. </entry>
  13360. <entry>
  13361. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">手</foreignphrase>
  13362. </entry>
  13363. <entry>
  13364. hand
  13365. </entry>
  13366. </row>
  13367. <row>
  13368. <entry>
  13369. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-shuāng</foreignphrase>
  13370. </entry>
  13371. <entry>
  13372. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">-双</foreignphrase>
  13373. </entry>
  13374. <entry>
  13375. pair
  13376. </entry>
  13377. </row>
  13378. <row>
  13379. <entry>
  13380. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuā yà</foreignphrase>
  13381. </entry>
  13382. <entry>
  13383. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">刷牙</foreignphrase>
  13384. </entry>
  13385. <entry>
  13386. to brush one’s teeth
  13387. </entry>
  13388. </row>
  13389. <row>
  13390. <entry>
  13391. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuā</foreignphrase>
  13392. </entry>
  13393. <entry>
  13394. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">刷</foreignphrase>
  13395. </entry>
  13396. <entry>
  13397. to brush
  13398. </entry>
  13399. </row>
  13400. <row>
  13401. <entry>
  13402. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūbāo</foreignphrase>
  13403. </entry>
  13404. <entry>
  13405. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">书包</foreignphrase>
  13406. </entry>
  13407. <entry>
  13408. book bag, tote bag, carryall
  13409. </entry>
  13410. </row>
  13411. <row>
  13412. <entry>
  13413. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūfáng</foreignphrase>
  13414. </entry>
  13415. <entry>
  13416. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">书房</foreignphrase>
  13417. </entry>
  13418. <entry>
  13419. study, library
  13420. </entry>
  13421. </row>
  13422. <row>
  13423. <entry>
  13424. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūfáng</foreignphrase>
  13425. </entry>
  13426. <entry>
  13427. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">书房</foreignphrase>
  13428. </entry>
  13429. <entry>
  13430. study (room)
  13431. </entry>
  13432. </row>
  13433. <row>
  13434. <entry>
  13435. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūfu</foreignphrase>
  13436. </entry>
  13437. <entry>
  13438. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">舒服</foreignphrase>
  13439. </entry>
  13440. <entry>
  13441. to be comfortable
  13442. </entry>
  13443. </row>
  13444. <row>
  13445. <entry>
  13446. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuǐchízi</foreignphrase>
  13447. </entry>
  13448. <entry>
  13449. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">水池子</foreignphrase>
  13450. </entry>
  13451. <entry>
  13452. kitchen sink
  13453. </entry>
  13454. </row>
  13455. <row>
  13456. <entry>
  13457. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuì jiào</foreignphrase>
  13458. </entry>
  13459. <entry>
  13460. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">睡觉</foreignphrase>
  13461. </entry>
  13462. <entry>
  13463. to sleep
  13464. </entry>
  13465. </row>
  13466. <row>
  13467. <entry>
  13468. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuǐlóngtóu</foreignphrase>
  13469. </entry>
  13470. <entry>
  13471. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">水龙头</foreignphrase>
  13472. </entry>
  13473. <entry>
  13474. faucet, tap
  13475. </entry>
  13476. </row>
  13477. <row>
  13478. <entry>
  13479. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuì wǔjiào</foreignphrase>
  13480. </entry>
  13481. <entry>
  13482. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">睡午觉</foreignphrase>
  13483. </entry>
  13484. <entry>
  13485. to take a noontime nap
  13486. </entry>
  13487. </row>
  13488. <row>
  13489. <entry>
  13490. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuìyī (yítào)</foreignphrase>
  13491. </entry>
  13492. <entry>
  13493. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">睡衣(一套)</foreignphrase>
  13494. </entry>
  13495. <entry>
  13496. pajamas; nightgown
  13497. </entry>
  13498. </row>
  13499. <row>
  13500. <entry>
  13501. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuǐ</foreignphrase>
  13502. </entry>
  13503. <entry>
  13504. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">水</foreignphrase>
  13505. </entry>
  13506. <entry>
  13507. water
  13508. </entry>
  13509. </row>
  13510. <row>
  13511. <entry>
  13512. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūjiàzi</foreignphrase>
  13513. </entry>
  13514. <entry>
  13515. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">书架子</foreignphrase>
  13516. </entry>
  13517. <entry>
  13518. bookshelf
  13519. </entry>
  13520. </row>
  13521. <row>
  13522. <entry>
  13523. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūshu</foreignphrase>
  13524. </entry>
  13525. <entry>
  13526. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">叔叔</foreignphrase>
  13527. </entry>
  13528. <entry>
  13529. uncle
  13530. </entry>
  13531. </row>
  13532. <row>
  13533. <entry>
  13534. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shū tóu</foreignphrase>
  13535. </entry>
  13536. <entry>
  13537. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">梳头</foreignphrase>
  13538. </entry>
  13539. <entry>
  13540. to brush or comb hair
  13541. </entry>
  13542. </row>
  13543. <row>
  13544. <entry>
  13545. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-sǐle</foreignphrase>
  13546. </entry>
  13547. <entry>
  13548. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">死了</foreignphrase>
  13549. </entry>
  13550. <entry>
  13551. like crazy, to death (state verb ending)
  13552. </entry>
  13553. </row>
  13554. <row>
  13555. <entry>
  13556. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">táifēng</foreignphrase>
  13557. </entry>
  13558. <entry>
  13559. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">台风</foreignphrase>
  13560. </entry>
  13561. <entry>
  13562. typhoon
  13563. </entry>
  13564. </row>
  13565. <row>
  13566. <entry>
  13567. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tái</foreignphrase>
  13568. </entry>
  13569. <entry>
  13570. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">抬</foreignphrase>
  13571. </entry>
  13572. <entry>
  13573. to carry (by two or more people)
  13574. </entry>
  13575. </row>
  13576. <row>
  13577. <entry>
  13578. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tángniàobìng</foreignphrase>
  13579. </entry>
  13580. <entry>
  13581. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">糖尿病</foreignphrase>
  13582. </entry>
  13583. <entry>
  13584. diabetes
  13585. </entry>
  13586. </row>
  13587. <row>
  13588. <entry>
  13589. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tàng</foreignphrase>
  13590. </entry>
  13591. <entry>
  13592. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">烫</foreignphrase>
  13593. </entry>
  13594. <entry>
  13595. to get a permanent
  13596. </entry>
  13597. </row>
  13598. <row>
  13599. <entry>
  13600. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǎng</foreignphrase>
  13601. </entry>
  13602. <entry>
  13603. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">躺</foreignphrase>
  13604. </entry>
  13605. <entry>
  13606. to lie, to recline
  13607. </entry>
  13608. </row>
  13609. <row>
  13610. <entry>
  13611. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-tào</foreignphrase>
  13612. </entry>
  13613. <entry>
  13614. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">-套</foreignphrase>
  13615. </entry>
  13616. <entry>
  13617. (counter for suits, sets of things)
  13618. </entry>
  13619. </row>
  13620. <row>
  13621. <entry>
  13622. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">téngsǐ le</foreignphrase>
  13623. </entry>
  13624. <entry>
  13625. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">疼死了</foreignphrase>
  13626. </entry>
  13627. <entry>
  13628. to hurt like crazy, to hurt to death (figuratively)
  13629. </entry>
  13630. </row>
  13631. <row>
  13632. <entry>
  13633. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">téng (tòng)</foreignphrase>
  13634. </entry>
  13635. <entry>
  13636. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">疼</foreignphrase>
  13637. </entry>
  13638. <entry>
  13639. to hurt, to ache
  13640. </entry>
  13641. </row>
  13642. <row>
  13643. <entry>
  13644. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tiānhuābǎn</foreignphrase>
  13645. </entry>
  13646. <entry>
  13647. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">天花板</foreignphrase>
  13648. </entry>
  13649. <entry>
  13650. ceiling
  13651. </entry>
  13652. </row>
  13653. <row>
  13654. <entry>
  13655. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tiānqì (tiānqi)</foreignphrase>
  13656. </entry>
  13657. <entry>
  13658. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">天气</foreignphrase>
  13659. </entry>
  13660. <entry>
  13661. weather
  13662. </entry>
  13663. </row>
  13664. <row>
  13665. <entry>
  13666. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tiān</foreignphrase>
  13667. </entry>
  13668. <entry>
  13669. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">天</foreignphrase>
  13670. </entry>
  13671. <entry>
  13672. sky, heaven
  13673. </entry>
  13674. </row>
  13675. <row>
  13676. <entry>
  13677. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-tiáo</foreignphrase>
  13678. </entry>
  13679. <entry>
  13680. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">-条</foreignphrase>
  13681. </entry>
  13682. <entry>
  13683. (counter for long, winding things; counter for pants, translated “pair”)
  13684. </entry>
  13685. </row>
  13686. <row>
  13687. <entry>
  13688. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tīngshuō</foreignphrase>
  13689. </entry>
  13690. <entry>
  13691. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">听说</foreignphrase>
  13692. </entry>
  13693. <entry>
  13694. to hear that, to hear it said
  13695. </entry>
  13696. </row>
  13697. <row>
  13698. <entry>
  13699. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǐwēn</foreignphrase>
  13700. </entry>
  13701. <entry>
  13702. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">体温</foreignphrase>
  13703. </entry>
  13704. <entry>
  13705. (body) temperature
  13706. </entry>
  13707. </row>
  13708. <row>
  13709. <entry>
  13710. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóufa</foreignphrase>
  13711. </entry>
  13712. <entry>
  13713. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">头发</foreignphrase>
  13714. </entry>
  13715. <entry>
  13716. hair (on the head)
  13717. </entry>
  13718. </row>
  13719. <row>
  13720. <entry>
  13721. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóu téng</foreignphrase>
  13722. </entry>
  13723. <entry>
  13724. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">头疼</foreignphrase>
  13725. </entry>
  13726. <entry>
  13727. to have a headache; headache
  13728. </entry>
  13729. </row>
  13730. <row>
  13731. <entry>
  13732. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóu</foreignphrase>
  13733. </entry>
  13734. <entry>
  13735. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">头</foreignphrase>
  13736. </entry>
  13737. <entry>
  13738. head
  13739. </entry>
  13740. </row>
  13741. <row>
  13742. <entry>
  13743. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóu</foreignphrase>
  13744. </entry>
  13745. <entry>
  13746. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">头</foreignphrase>
  13747. </entry>
  13748. <entry>
  13749. head
  13750. </entry>
  13751. </row>
  13752. <row>
  13753. <entry>
  13754. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tuǐ</foreignphrase>
  13755. </entry>
  13756. <entry>
  13757. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">腿</foreignphrase>
  13758. </entry>
  13759. <entry>
  13760. leg
  13761. </entry>
  13762. </row>
  13763. <row>
  13764. <entry>
  13765. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tuí</foreignphrase>
  13766. </entry>
  13767. <entry>
  13768. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">腿</foreignphrase>
  13769. </entry>
  13770. <entry>
  13771. leg
  13772. </entry>
  13773. </row>
  13774. <row>
  13775. <entry>
  13776. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tuōbǎ</foreignphrase>
  13777. </entry>
  13778. <entry>
  13779. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">拖把</foreignphrase>
  13780. </entry>
  13781. <entry>
  13782. mop
  13783. </entry>
  13784. </row>
  13785. <row>
  13786. <entry>
  13787. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tuōxié</foreignphrase>
  13788. </entry>
  13789. <entry>
  13790. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">拖鞋</foreignphrase>
  13791. </entry>
  13792. <entry>
  13793. slippers
  13794. </entry>
  13795. </row>
  13796. <row>
  13797. <entry>
  13798. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tuō</foreignphrase>
  13799. </entry>
  13800. <entry>
  13801. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">脱</foreignphrase>
  13802. </entry>
  13803. <entry>
  13804. to take off (clothing)
  13805. </entry>
  13806. </row>
  13807. <row>
  13808. <entry>
  13809. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tù</foreignphrase>
  13810. </entry>
  13811. <entry>
  13812. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">吐</foreignphrase>
  13813. </entry>
  13814. <entry>
  13815. to vomit
  13816. </entry>
  13817. </row>
  13818. <row>
  13819. <entry>
  13820. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàiguó</foreignphrase>
  13821. </entry>
  13822. <entry>
  13823. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">外国</foreignphrase>
  13824. </entry>
  13825. <entry>
  13826. foreign country
  13827. </entry>
  13828. </row>
  13829. <row>
  13830. <entry>
  13831. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàikē yīshēng</foreignphrase>
  13832. </entry>
  13833. <entry>
  13834. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">外科医生</foreignphrase>
  13835. </entry>
  13836. <entry>
  13837. surgeon
  13838. </entry>
  13839. </row>
  13840. <row>
  13841. <entry>
  13842. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàikē</foreignphrase>
  13843. </entry>
  13844. <entry>
  13845. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">外科</foreignphrase>
  13846. </entry>
  13847. <entry>
  13848. surgical department
  13849. </entry>
  13850. </row>
  13851. <row>
  13852. <entry>
  13853. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàishì</foreignphrase>
  13854. </entry>
  13855. <entry>
  13856. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">外事</foreignphrase>
  13857. </entry>
  13858. <entry>
  13859. foreign affairs
  13860. </entry>
  13861. </row>
  13862. <row>
  13863. <entry>
  13864. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàitào(r)</foreignphrase>
  13865. </entry>
  13866. <entry>
  13867. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">外套</foreignphrase>
  13868. </entry>
  13869. <entry>
  13870. coat, jacket (that extends below the waist)
  13871. </entry>
  13872. </row>
  13873. <row>
  13874. <entry>
  13875. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàng</foreignphrase>
  13876. </entry>
  13877. <entry>
  13878. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">忘</foreignphrase>
  13879. </entry>
  13880. <entry>
  13881. to forget
  13882. </entry>
  13883. </row>
  13884. <row>
  13885. <entry>
  13886. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wànzi</foreignphrase>
  13887. </entry>
  13888. <entry>
  13889. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">腕子</foreignphrase>
  13890. </entry>
  13891. <entry>
  13892. wrist
  13893. </entry>
  13894. </row>
  13895. <row>
  13896. <entry>
  13897. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàzi</foreignphrase>
  13898. </entry>
  13899. <entry>
  13900. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">袜子</foreignphrase>
  13901. </entry>
  13902. <entry>
  13903. socks
  13904. </entry>
  13905. </row>
  13906. <row>
  13907. <entry>
  13908. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wèibìng</foreignphrase>
  13909. </entry>
  13910. <entry>
  13911. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">胃病</foreignphrase>
  13912. </entry>
  13913. <entry>
  13914. stomach trouble, gastric disease
  13915. </entry>
  13916. </row>
  13917. <row>
  13918. <entry>
  13919. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wèi; dùzi </foreignphrase>
  13920. </entry>
  13921. <entry>
  13922. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">胃,肚子</foreignphrase>
  13923. </entry>
  13924. <entry>
  13925. stomach (belly)
  13926. </entry>
  13927. </row>
  13928. <row>
  13929. <entry>
  13930. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wèikuìyáng</foreignphrase>
  13931. </entry>
  13932. <entry>
  13933. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">胃溃疡</foreignphrase>
  13934. </entry>
  13935. <entry>
  13936. ulcer (gastric)
  13937. </entry>
  13938. </row>
  13939. <row>
  13940. <entry>
  13941. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wèishēngjiān</foreignphrase>
  13942. </entry>
  13943. <entry>
  13944. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">卫生间</foreignphrase>
  13945. </entry>
  13946. <entry>
  13947. toilet, bathroom
  13948. </entry>
  13949. </row>
  13950. <row>
  13951. <entry>
  13952. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wéixiǎn (wēixiǎn)</foreignphrase>
  13953. </entry>
  13954. <entry>
  13955. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">危险</foreignphrase>
  13956. </entry>
  13957. <entry>
  13958. to be dangerous, to be perilous, danger
  13959. </entry>
  13960. </row>
  13961. <row>
  13962. <entry>
  13963. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wèi</foreignphrase>
  13964. </entry>
  13965. <entry>
  13966. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">胃</foreignphrase>
  13967. </entry>
  13968. <entry>
  13969. stomach
  13970. </entry>
  13971. </row>
  13972. <row>
  13973. <entry>
  13974. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wēndù</foreignphrase>
  13975. </entry>
  13976. <entry>
  13977. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">温度</foreignphrase>
  13978. </entry>
  13979. <entry>
  13980. temperature
  13981. </entry>
  13982. </row>
  13983. <row>
  13984. <entry>
  13985. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wèntí</foreignphrase>
  13986. </entry>
  13987. <entry>
  13988. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">问题</foreignphrase>
  13989. </entry>
  13990. <entry>
  13991. question, problem
  13992. </entry>
  13993. </row>
  13994. <row>
  13995. <entry>
  13996. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wòfáng</foreignphrase>
  13997. </entry>
  13998. <entry>
  13999. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">卧房</foreignphrase>
  14000. </entry>
  14001. <entry>
  14002. bedroom
  14003. </entry>
  14004. </row>
  14005. <row>
  14006. <entry>
  14007. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wòfáng</foreignphrase>
  14008. </entry>
  14009. <entry>
  14010. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">卧房</foreignphrase>
  14011. </entry>
  14012. <entry>
  14013. bedroom
  14014. </entry>
  14015. </row>
  14016. <row>
  14017. <entry>
  14018. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wòshì</foreignphrase>
  14019. </entry>
  14020. <entry>
  14021. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">卧室</foreignphrase>
  14022. </entry>
  14023. <entry>
  14024. bedroom
  14025. </entry>
  14026. </row>
  14027. <row>
  14028. <entry>
  14029. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wòshì</foreignphrase>
  14030. </entry>
  14031. <entry>
  14032. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">卧室</foreignphrase>
  14033. </entry>
  14034. <entry>
  14035. bedroom
  14036. </entry>
  14037. </row>
  14038. <row>
  14039. <entry>
  14040. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wūrǎn</foreignphrase>
  14041. </entry>
  14042. <entry>
  14043. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">污染</foreignphrase>
  14044. </entry>
  14045. <entry>
  14046. pollution
  14047. </entry>
  14048. </row>
  14049. <row>
  14050. <entry>
  14051. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wūzi</foreignphrase>
  14052. </entry>
  14053. <entry>
  14054. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">屋子</foreignphrase>
  14055. </entry>
  14056. <entry>
  14057. room
  14058. </entry>
  14059. </row>
  14060. <row>
  14061. <entry>
  14062. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wūzi</foreignphrase>
  14063. </entry>
  14064. <entry>
  14065. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">屋子</foreignphrase>
  14066. </entry>
  14067. <entry>
  14068. room
  14069. </entry>
  14070. </row>
  14071. <row>
  14072. <entry>
  14073. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàba</foreignphrase>
  14074. </entry>
  14075. <entry>
  14076. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">下巴</foreignphrase>
  14077. </entry>
  14078. <entry>
  14079. chin
  14080. </entry>
  14081. </row>
  14082. <row>
  14083. <entry>
  14084. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎng tù</foreignphrase>
  14085. </entry>
  14086. <entry>
  14087. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani"></foreignphrase>
  14088. </entry>
  14089. <entry>
  14090. to feel nauseous
  14091. </entry>
  14092. </row>
  14093. <row>
  14094. <entry>
  14095. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāngxià (xiāngxià)</foreignphrase>
  14096. </entry>
  14097. <entry>
  14098. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">乡下</foreignphrase>
  14099. </entry>
  14100. <entry>
  14101. to he in the country, the countryside
  14102. </entry>
  14103. </row>
  14104. <row>
  14105. <entry>
  14106. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāngzi</foreignphrase>
  14107. </entry>
  14108. <entry>
  14109. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">箱子</foreignphrase>
  14110. </entry>
  14111. <entry>
  14112. suitcase, box
  14113. </entry>
  14114. </row>
  14115. <row>
  14116. <entry>
  14117. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎng</foreignphrase>
  14118. </entry>
  14119. <entry>
  14120. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">想</foreignphrase>
  14121. </entry>
  14122. <entry>
  14123. to miss, to think of
  14124. </entry>
  14125. </row>
  14126. <row>
  14127. <entry>
  14128. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎoběnzi</foreignphrase>
  14129. </entry>
  14130. <entry>
  14131. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">小本子</foreignphrase>
  14132. </entry>
  14133. <entry>
  14134. small notebook
  14135. </entry>
  14136. </row>
  14137. <row>
  14138. <entry>
  14139. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎobiàn</foreignphrase>
  14140. </entry>
  14141. <entry>
  14142. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">小便</foreignphrase>
  14143. </entry>
  14144. <entry>
  14145. to urinate; urination
  14146. </entry>
  14147. </row>
  14148. <row>
  14149. <entry>
  14150. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāohuà bù liáng</foreignphrase>
  14151. </entry>
  14152. <entry>
  14153. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">消化不良</foreignphrase>
  14154. </entry>
  14155. <entry>
  14156. indigestion
  14157. </entry>
  14158. </row>
  14159. <row>
  14160. <entry>
  14161. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎoxīn</foreignphrase>
  14162. </entry>
  14163. <entry>
  14164. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">小心</foreignphrase>
  14165. </entry>
  14166. <entry>
  14167. to be careful, to take care
  14168. </entry>
  14169. </row>
  14170. <row>
  14171. <entry>
  14172. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàtiān (xiàtiān)</foreignphrase>
  14173. </entry>
  14174. <entry>
  14175. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">夏天</foreignphrase>
  14176. </entry>
  14177. <entry>
  14178. summer
  14179. </entry>
  14180. </row>
  14181. <row>
  14182. <entry>
  14183. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià xuě</foreignphrase>
  14184. </entry>
  14185. <entry>
  14186. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">下雪</foreignphrase>
  14187. </entry>
  14188. <entry>
  14189. to snow
  14190. </entry>
  14191. </row>
  14192. <row>
  14193. <entry>
  14194. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià yǔ</foreignphrase>
  14195. </entry>
  14196. <entry>
  14197. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">下雨</foreignphrase>
  14198. </entry>
  14199. <entry>
  14200. to rain
  14201. </entry>
  14202. </row>
  14203. <row>
  14204. <entry>
  14205. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐchénqì</foreignphrase>
  14206. </entry>
  14207. <entry>
  14208. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">吸尘器</foreignphrase>
  14209. </entry>
  14210. <entry>
  14211. vacuum cleaner
  14212. </entry>
  14213. </row>
  14214. <row>
  14215. <entry>
  14216. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiè dù(zi)</foreignphrase>
  14217. </entry>
  14218. <entry>
  14219. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">泻肚(子)</foreignphrase>
  14220. </entry>
  14221. <entry>
  14222. to have diarrhea
  14223. </entry>
  14224. </row>
  14225. <row>
  14226. <entry>
  14227. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiě, xuě, xuè</foreignphrase>
  14228. </entry>
  14229. <entry>
  14230. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">血</foreignphrase>
  14231. </entry>
  14232. <entry>
  14233. blood
  14234. </entry>
  14235. </row>
  14236. <row>
  14237. <entry>
  14238. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiězìtái</foreignphrase>
  14239. </entry>
  14240. <entry>
  14241. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">写字台</foreignphrase>
  14242. </entry>
  14243. <entry>
  14244. desk
  14245. </entry>
  14246. </row>
  14247. <row>
  14248. <entry>
  14249. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xié</foreignphrase>
  14250. </entry>
  14251. <entry>
  14252. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鞋</foreignphrase>
  14253. </entry>
  14254. <entry>
  14255. shoe
  14256. </entry>
  14257. </row>
  14258. <row>
  14259. <entry>
  14260. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīgài</foreignphrase>
  14261. </entry>
  14262. <entry>
  14263. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">膝盖</foreignphrase>
  14264. </entry>
  14265. <entry>
  14266. knee
  14267. </entry>
  14268. </row>
  14269. <row>
  14270. <entry>
  14271. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐliǎnpén</foreignphrase>
  14272. </entry>
  14273. <entry>
  14274. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">洗脸盆</foreignphrase>
  14275. </entry>
  14276. <entry>
  14277. (bathroom) sink, washstand
  14278. </entry>
  14279. </row>
  14280. <row>
  14281. <entry>
  14282. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐng</foreignphrase>
  14283. </entry>
  14284. <entry>
  14285. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">醒</foreignphrase>
  14286. </entry>
  14287. <entry>
  14288. to wake up
  14289. </entry>
  14290. </row>
  14291. <row>
  14292. <entry>
  14293. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīnxiān (xīnxian)</foreignphrase>
  14294. </entry>
  14295. <entry>
  14296. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">新鲜</foreignphrase>
  14297. </entry>
  14298. <entry>
  14299. fresh
  14300. </entry>
  14301. </row>
  14302. <row>
  14303. <entry>
  14304. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīnzàng</foreignphrase>
  14305. </entry>
  14306. <entry>
  14307. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">心脏</foreignphrase>
  14308. </entry>
  14309. <entry>
  14310. heart
  14311. </entry>
  14312. </row>
  14313. <row>
  14314. <entry>
  14315. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiōngbù, xiōngtáng</foreignphrase>
  14316. </entry>
  14317. <entry>
  14318. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">胸部,胸膛</foreignphrase>
  14319. </entry>
  14320. <entry>
  14321. chest
  14322. </entry>
  14323. </row>
  14324. <row>
  14325. <entry>
  14326. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐ tóu</foreignphrase>
  14327. </entry>
  14328. <entry>
  14329. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">洗头</foreignphrase>
  14330. </entry>
  14331. <entry>
  14332. to shampoo, to get a shampoo
  14333. </entry>
  14334. </row>
  14335. <row>
  14336. <entry>
  14337. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐyǐjī</foreignphrase>
  14338. </entry>
  14339. <entry>
  14340. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">洗衣机</foreignphrase>
  14341. </entry>
  14342. <entry>
  14343. washing machine
  14344. </entry>
  14345. </row>
  14346. <row>
  14347. <entry>
  14348. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐzǎofáng</foreignphrase>
  14349. </entry>
  14350. <entry>
  14351. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">洗澡房</foreignphrase>
  14352. </entry>
  14353. <entry>
  14354. bathroom
  14355. </entry>
  14356. </row>
  14357. <row>
  14358. <entry>
  14359. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐzǎofáng</foreignphrase>
  14360. </entry>
  14361. <entry>
  14362. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">洗澡房</foreignphrase>
  14363. </entry>
  14364. <entry>
  14365. bathroom
  14366. </entry>
  14367. </row>
  14368. <row>
  14369. <entry>
  14370. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐzāopén</foreignphrase>
  14371. </entry>
  14372. <entry>
  14373. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">洗澡盆</foreignphrase>
  14374. </entry>
  14375. <entry>
  14376. bathtub
  14377. </entry>
  14378. </row>
  14379. <row>
  14380. <entry>
  14381. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐzǎo</foreignphrase>
  14382. </entry>
  14383. <entry>
  14384. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">洗澡</foreignphrase>
  14385. </entry>
  14386. <entry>
  14387. to take a bath
  14388. </entry>
  14389. </row>
  14390. <row>
  14391. <entry>
  14392. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīzhuāng</foreignphrase>
  14393. </entry>
  14394. <entry>
  14395. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">西装</foreignphrase>
  14396. </entry>
  14397. <entry>
  14398. Western-style clothes; Western-style suit
  14399. </entry>
  14400. </row>
  14401. <row>
  14402. <entry>
  14403. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐ</foreignphrase>
  14404. </entry>
  14405. <entry>
  14406. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">洗</foreignphrase>
  14407. </entry>
  14408. <entry>
  14409. to wash
  14410. </entry>
  14411. </row>
  14412. <row>
  14413. <entry>
  14414. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xuěguǎn(r)</foreignphrase>
  14415. </entry>
  14416. <entry>
  14417. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">血管</foreignphrase>
  14418. </entry>
  14419. <entry>
  14420. blood vessel
  14421. </entry>
  14422. </row>
  14423. <row>
  14424. <entry>
  14425. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xuěyā dī</foreignphrase>
  14426. </entry>
  14427. <entry>
  14428. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">低血压</foreignphrase>
  14429. </entry>
  14430. <entry>
  14431. low blood pressure
  14432. </entry>
  14433. </row>
  14434. <row>
  14435. <entry>
  14436. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xuěyā gāo</foreignphrase>
  14437. </entry>
  14438. <entry>
  14439. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">血压高</foreignphrase>
  14440. </entry>
  14441. <entry>
  14442. high blood pressure, hypertension
  14443. </entry>
  14444. </row>
  14445. <row>
  14446. <entry>
  14447. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xuěyā</foreignphrase>
  14448. </entry>
  14449. <entry>
  14450. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">血压</foreignphrase>
  14451. </entry>
  14452. <entry>
  14453. blood pressure
  14454. </entry>
  14455. </row>
  14456. <row>
  14457. <entry>
  14458. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xūyào</foreignphrase>
  14459. </entry>
  14460. <entry>
  14461. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">需要</foreignphrase>
  14462. </entry>
  14463. <entry>
  14464. to need, to require
  14465. </entry>
  14466. </row>
  14467. <row>
  14468. <entry>
  14469. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yáchuáng</foreignphrase>
  14470. </entry>
  14471. <entry>
  14472. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">牙床</foreignphrase>
  14473. </entry>
  14474. <entry>
  14475. gums
  14476. </entry>
  14477. </row>
  14478. <row>
  14479. <entry>
  14480. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yágāo</foreignphrase>
  14481. </entry>
  14482. <entry>
  14483. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">牙膏</foreignphrase>
  14484. </entry>
  14485. <entry>
  14486. toothpaste
  14487. </entry>
  14488. </row>
  14489. <row>
  14490. <entry>
  14491. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yàngzi</foreignphrase>
  14492. </entry>
  14493. <entry>
  14494. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">样子</foreignphrase>
  14495. </entry>
  14496. <entry>
  14497. appearance; shape, form; style, design; pattern
  14498. </entry>
  14499. </row>
  14500. <row>
  14501. <entry>
  14502. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǎnjìng(r)</foreignphrase>
  14503. </entry>
  14504. <entry>
  14505. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">眼睛</foreignphrase>
  14506. </entry>
  14507. <entry>
  14508. glasses (spectacles)
  14509. </entry>
  14510. </row>
  14511. <row>
  14512. <entry>
  14513. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǎnjīng</foreignphrase>
  14514. </entry>
  14515. <entry>
  14516. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">眼睛</foreignphrase>
  14517. </entry>
  14518. <entry>
  14519. eye
  14520. </entry>
  14521. </row>
  14522. <row>
  14523. <entry>
  14524. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yánzhèng</foreignphrase>
  14525. </entry>
  14526. <entry>
  14527. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">炎症</foreignphrase>
  14528. </entry>
  14529. <entry>
  14530. inflammation
  14531. </entry>
  14532. </row>
  14533. <row>
  14534. <entry>
  14535. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǎnzhūzi (colloquial), yǎnqiú</foreignphrase>
  14536. </entry>
  14537. <entry>
  14538. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">眼珠子,眼球</foreignphrase>
  14539. </entry>
  14540. <entry>
  14541. eyeball
  14542. </entry>
  14543. </row>
  14544. <row>
  14545. <entry>
  14546. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yàoburán</foreignphrase>
  14547. </entry>
  14548. <entry>
  14549. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">要不然</foreignphrase>
  14550. </entry>
  14551. <entry>
  14552. otherwise, or else
  14553. </entry>
  14554. </row>
  14555. <row>
  14556. <entry>
  14557. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yàofāng(r)</foreignphrase>
  14558. </entry>
  14559. <entry>
  14560. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">药方</foreignphrase>
  14561. </entry>
  14562. <entry>
  14563. prescription
  14564. </entry>
  14565. </row>
  14566. <row>
  14567. <entry>
  14568. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yào</foreignphrase>
  14569. </entry>
  14570. <entry>
  14571. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">药</foreignphrase>
  14572. </entry>
  14573. <entry>
  14574. medicine
  14575. </entry>
  14576. </row>
  14577. <row>
  14578. <entry>
  14579. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yào</foreignphrase>
  14580. </entry>
  14581. <entry>
  14582. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">要</foreignphrase>
  14583. </entry>
  14584. <entry>
  14585. should; must; it is necessary, to need to
  14586. </entry>
  14587. </row>
  14588. <row>
  14589. <entry>
  14590. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yá, yáchǐ</foreignphrase>
  14591. </entry>
  14592. <entry>
  14593. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">牙,牙齿</foreignphrase>
  14594. </entry>
  14595. <entry>
  14596. tooth
  14597. </entry>
  14598. </row>
  14599. <row>
  14600. <entry>
  14601. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yá</foreignphrase>
  14602. </entry>
  14603. <entry>
  14604. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">牙</foreignphrase>
  14605. </entry>
  14606. <entry>
  14607. tooth, teeth
  14608. </entry>
  14609. </row>
  14610. <row>
  14611. <entry>
  14612. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yídìng</foreignphrase>
  14613. </entry>
  14614. <entry>
  14615. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一定</foreignphrase>
  14616. </entry>
  14617. <entry>
  14618. certainly, surely, for sure
  14619. </entry>
  14620. </row>
  14621. <row>
  14622. <entry>
  14623. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yīfu</foreignphrase>
  14624. </entry>
  14625. <entry>
  14626. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">衣服</foreignphrase>
  14627. </entry>
  14628. <entry>
  14629. clothes
  14630. </entry>
  14631. </row>
  14632. <row>
  14633. <entry>
  14634. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yīshēng</foreignphrase>
  14635. </entry>
  14636. <entry>
  14637. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">医生</foreignphrase>
  14638. </entry>
  14639. <entry>
  14640. doctor
  14641. </entry>
  14642. </row>
  14643. <row>
  14644. <entry>
  14645. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yīyuàn</foreignphrase>
  14646. </entry>
  14647. <entry>
  14648. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">医院</foreignphrase>
  14649. </entry>
  14650. <entry>
  14651. hospital
  14652. </entry>
  14653. </row>
  14654. <row>
  14655. <entry>
  14656. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǐzi</foreignphrase>
  14657. </entry>
  14658. <entry>
  14659. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">椅子</foreignphrase>
  14660. </entry>
  14661. <entry>
  14662. chair
  14663. </entry>
  14664. </row>
  14665. <row>
  14666. <entry>
  14667. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yòng</foreignphrase>
  14668. </entry>
  14669. <entry>
  14670. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">用</foreignphrase>
  14671. </entry>
  14672. <entry>
  14673. to use
  14674. </entry>
  14675. </row>
  14676. <row>
  14677. <entry>
  14678. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu(de) shíhou</foreignphrase>
  14679. </entry>
  14680. <entry>
  14681. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">有的时候</foreignphrase>
  14682. </entry>
  14683. <entry>
  14684. sometimes
  14685. </entry>
  14686. </row>
  14687. <row>
  14688. <entry>
  14689. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu shì</foreignphrase>
  14690. </entry>
  14691. <entry>
  14692. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">有事</foreignphrase>
  14693. </entry>
  14694. <entry>
  14695. to be occupied, to be busy, to have things to do
  14696. </entry>
  14697. </row>
  14698. <row>
  14699. <entry>
  14700. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu (yì)diǎn</foreignphrase>
  14701. </entry>
  14702. <entry>
  14703. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">有(一)点</foreignphrase>
  14704. </entry>
  14705. <entry>
  14706. a little bit, somewhat
  14707. </entry>
  14708. </row>
  14709. <row>
  14710. <entry>
  14711. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yóuyǒng</foreignphrase>
  14712. </entry>
  14713. <entry>
  14714. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">游泳</foreignphrase>
  14715. </entry>
  14716. <entry>
  14717. to swim
  14718. </entry>
  14719. </row>
  14720. <row>
  14721. <entry>
  14722. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yóu</foreignphrase>
  14723. </entry>
  14724. <entry>
  14725. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">油</foreignphrase>
  14726. </entry>
  14727. <entry>
  14728. oil, grease
  14729. </entry>
  14730. </row>
  14731. <row>
  14732. <entry>
  14733. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùbeihǎo le</foreignphrase>
  14734. </entry>
  14735. <entry>
  14736. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">预备好了</foreignphrase>
  14737. </entry>
  14738. <entry>
  14739. to have prepared
  14740. </entry>
  14741. </row>
  14742. <row>
  14743. <entry>
  14744. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùbei</foreignphrase>
  14745. </entry>
  14746. <entry>
  14747. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">预备</foreignphrase>
  14748. </entry>
  14749. <entry>
  14750. to prepare
  14751. </entry>
  14752. </row>
  14753. <row>
  14754. <entry>
  14755. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùndǒu</foreignphrase>
  14756. </entry>
  14757. <entry>
  14758. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">熨斗</foreignphrase>
  14759. </entry>
  14760. <entry>
  14761. iron
  14762. </entry>
  14763. </row>
  14764. <row>
  14765. <entry>
  14766. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yūn</foreignphrase>
  14767. </entry>
  14768. <entry>
  14769. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">晕</foreignphrase>
  14770. </entry>
  14771. <entry>
  14772. to be dizzy
  14773. </entry>
  14774. </row>
  14775. <row>
  14776. <entry>
  14777. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǔxié</foreignphrase>
  14778. </entry>
  14779. <entry>
  14780. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">雨鞋</foreignphrase>
  14781. </entry>
  14782. <entry> rain shoes; rubbers, galoshes </entry>
  14783. </row>
  14784. <row>
  14785. <entry>
  14786. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǔyī</foreignphrase>
  14787. </entry>
  14788. <entry>
  14789. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">雨衣</foreignphrase>
  14790. </entry>
  14791. <entry>
  14792. raincoat
  14793. </entry>
  14794. </row>
  14795. <row>
  14796. <entry>
  14797. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùyuē</foreignphrase>
  14798. </entry>
  14799. <entry>
  14800. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">预约</foreignphrase>
  14801. </entry>
  14802. <entry>
  14803. to make an appointment (PRC)
  14804. </entry>
  14805. </row>
  14806. <row>
  14807. <entry>
  14808. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zāogāo</foreignphrase>
  14809. </entry>
  14810. <entry>
  14811. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">糟糕</foreignphrase>
  14812. </entry>
  14813. <entry>
  14814. oh no! how awful! how terrible! what a mess!; to be awful
  14815. </entry>
  14816. </row>
  14817. <row>
  14818. <entry>
  14819. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhāojí</foreignphrase>
  14820. </entry>
  14821. <entry>
  14822. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">着急</foreignphrase>
  14823. </entry>
  14824. <entry>
  14825. to get upset, to be anxious, to be worried
  14826. </entry>
  14827. </row>
  14828. <row>
  14829. <entry>
  14830. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhàoxiàngjǐ</foreignphrase>
  14831. </entry>
  14832. <entry>
  14833. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">照相机</foreignphrase>
  14834. </entry>
  14835. <entry>
  14836. camera
  14837. </entry>
  14838. </row>
  14839. <row>
  14840. <entry>
  14841. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhào xiàng</foreignphrase>
  14842. </entry>
  14843. <entry>
  14844. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">照相</foreignphrase>
  14845. </entry>
  14846. <entry>
  14847. to take a picture
  14848. </entry>
  14849. </row>
  14850. <row>
  14851. <entry>
  14852. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhào</foreignphrase>
  14853. </entry>
  14854. <entry>
  14855. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">照</foreignphrase>
  14856. </entry>
  14857. <entry>
  14858. according to
  14859. </entry>
  14860. </row>
  14861. <row>
  14862. <entry>
  14863. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhēnjiū (zhēnjiǔ)</foreignphrase>
  14864. </entry>
  14865. <entry>
  14866. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">针灸</foreignphrase>
  14867. </entry>
  14868. <entry>
  14869. acupuncture and moxibustion
  14870. </entry>
  14871. </row>
  14872. <row>
  14873. <entry>
  14874. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhe</foreignphrase>
  14875. </entry>
  14876. <entry>
  14877. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">-着 </foreignphrase>
  14878. </entry>
  14879. <entry>
  14880. marker of duration for actions and states
  14881. </entry>
  14882. </row>
  14883. <row>
  14884. <entry>
  14885. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhìchuāng</foreignphrase>
  14886. </entry>
  14887. <entry>
  14888. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">痔疮</foreignphrase>
  14889. </entry>
  14890. <entry>
  14891. hemorrhoids
  14892. </entry>
  14893. </row>
  14894. <row>
  14895. <entry>
  14896. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhījia, zhǐjiǎ</foreignphrase>
  14897. </entry>
  14898. <entry>
  14899. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">指甲</foreignphrase>
  14900. </entry>
  14901. <entry>
  14902. fingernail
  14903. </entry>
  14904. </row>
  14905. <row>
  14906. <entry>
  14907. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhīpiàoběn</foreignphrase>
  14908. </entry>
  14909. <entry>
  14910. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">支票本</foreignphrase>
  14911. </entry>
  14912. <entry>
  14913. checkbook
  14914. </entry>
  14915. </row>
  14916. <row>
  14917. <entry>
  14918. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhīpiào</foreignphrase>
  14919. </entry>
  14920. <entry>
  14921. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">支票</foreignphrase>
  14922. </entry>
  14923. <entry>
  14924. check (as in personal check)
  14925. </entry>
  14926. </row>
  14927. <row>
  14928. <entry>
  14929. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhòngfēng</foreignphrase>
  14930. </entry>
  14931. <entry>
  14932. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">中风</foreignphrase>
  14933. </entry>
  14934. <entry>
  14935. stroke
  14936. </entry>
  14937. </row>
  14938. <row>
  14939. <entry>
  14940. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhòngshǔ</foreignphrase>
  14941. </entry>
  14942. <entry>
  14943. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">中暑</foreignphrase>
  14944. </entry>
  14945. <entry>
  14946. sunstroke
  14947. </entry>
  14948. </row>
  14949. <row>
  14950. <entry>
  14951. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhǒng</foreignphrase>
  14952. </entry>
  14953. <entry>
  14954. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一种车</foreignphrase>
  14955. </entry>
  14956. <entry>
  14957. kind, sort
  14958. </entry>
  14959. </row>
  14960. <row>
  14961. <entry>
  14962. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhuàng</foreignphrase>
  14963. </entry>
  14964. <entry>
  14965. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">撞</foreignphrase>
  14966. </entry>
  14967. <entry>
  14968. to bump into, to run into, to collide with
  14969. </entry>
  14970. </row>
  14971. <row>
  14972. <entry>
  14973. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhuōzi</foreignphrase>
  14974. </entry>
  14975. <entry>
  14976. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">桌子</foreignphrase>
  14977. </entry>
  14978. <entry>
  14979. table
  14980. </entry>
  14981. </row>
  14982. <row>
  14983. <entry>
  14984. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhùyì (zhùyi)</foreignphrase>
  14985. </entry>
  14986. <entry>
  14987. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">注意</foreignphrase>
  14988. </entry>
  14989. <entry>
  14990. to pay attention, to take notice
  14991. </entry>
  14992. </row>
  14993. <row>
  14994. <entry>
  14995. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zìjǐ</foreignphrase>
  14996. </entry>
  14997. <entry>
  14998. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">自己</foreignphrase>
  14999. </entry>
  15000. <entry>
  15001. self, oneself (myself, yourself, etc.)
  15002. </entry>
  15003. </row>
  15004. <row>
  15005. <entry>
  15006. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zìzhǐlǒu</foreignphrase>
  15007. </entry>
  15008. <entry>
  15009. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">字纸篓 </foreignphrase>
  15010. </entry>
  15011. <entry>
  15012. wastepaner basket
  15013. </entry>
  15014. </row>
  15015. <row>
  15016. <entry>
  15017. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zǒuláng</foreignphrase>
  15018. </entry>
  15019. <entry>
  15020. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">走廊</foreignphrase>
  15021. </entry>
  15022. <entry>
  15023. corridor, hall
  15024. </entry>
  15025. </row>
  15026. <row>
  15027. <entry>
  15028. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zūchūqu</foreignphrase>
  15029. </entry>
  15030. <entry>
  15031. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">租出去</foreignphrase>
  15032. </entry>
  15033. <entry>
  15034. to rent out
  15035. </entry>
  15036. </row>
  15037. <row>
  15038. <entry>
  15039. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuǐchún</foreignphrase>
  15040. </entry>
  15041. <entry>
  15042. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">嘴唇</foreignphrase>
  15043. </entry>
  15044. <entry>
  15045. lip
  15046. </entry>
  15047. </row>
  15048. <row>
  15049. <entry>
  15050. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuī, kǒu</foreignphrase>
  15051. </entry>
  15052. <entry>
  15053. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">嘴,口</foreignphrase>
  15054. </entry>
  15055. <entry>
  15056. mouth
  15057. </entry>
  15058. </row>
  15059. <row>
  15060. <entry>
  15061. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuì</foreignphrase>
  15062. </entry>
  15063. <entry>
  15064. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">最</foreignphrase>
  15065. </entry>
  15066. <entry>
  15067. most, -est
  15068. </entry>
  15069. </row>
  15070. <row>
  15071. <entry>
  15072. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò fàn</foreignphrase>
  15073. </entry>
  15074. <entry>
  15075. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">做饭 </foreignphrase>
  15076. </entry>
  15077. <entry>
  15078. to cook
  15079. </entry>
  15080. </row>
  15081. <row>
  15082. <entry>
  15083. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò tòufa</foreignphrase>
  15084. </entry>
  15085. <entry>
  15086. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">做头发</foreignphrase>
  15087. </entry>
  15088. <entry>
  15089. to do one’s hair, to have one’s hair done
  15090. </entry>
  15091. </row>
  15092. <row>
  15093. <entry>
  15094. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuǒyòu</foreignphrase>
  15095. </entry>
  15096. <entry>
  15097. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">左右</foreignphrase>
  15098. </entry>
  15099. <entry>
  15100. approximately, about
  15101. </entry>
  15102. </row>
  15103. <row>
  15104. <entry>
  15105. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò</foreignphrase>
  15106. </entry>
  15107. <entry>
  15108. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">做</foreignphrase>
  15109. </entry>
  15110. <entry>
  15111. to make; to have made
  15112. </entry>
  15113. </row>
  15114. </tbody>
  15115. </tgroup>
  15116. </informaltable></para>
  15117. </section>
  15118. </chapter>