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- <title>GERMAN Basic Course</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="html.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="d0e1"></a>GERMAN Basic Course</h1></div><div><h2 class="subtitle">UNITS 1 - 12</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="orgname">Foreign Service Institute</span></h3></div></div></div><hr></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="preface"><a href="#d0e13">Preface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="preface"><a href="#d0e25">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#d0e68">1. Unit 1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d0e71">1. Basic sentences: <span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wir sind in Deutschland</em></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d0e1237">2. Notes on pronunciation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d0e1629">3. Notes on grammar</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d0e2224">4. Substitution drill.</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d0e2595">5. Variation drill</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d0e3653">6. Translation drill</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d0e3864">7. Response drill</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d0e4215">8. Conversation practice</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d0e4436">9. Situations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d0e4465">10. Finder list</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#d0e5115">2. </a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="colophon"><h1 class="title"><a name="d0e10"></a></h1><p></p></div><div class="preface"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="d0e13"></a>Preface</h1></div></div></div><p>This Basic Course in German has been designed to assist United States Government representatives who require a command of spoken German. The general concept of this text has grown out of the plan of Spoken Language courses prepared under the auspices of the American Council of Learned Societies during World War II. But pattern drills and other exercises have been developed extensively at the Foreign Service Institute to provide a much fuller manipulation of forms and patterns, and a conscious attempt has been made to adapt situations and vocabulary to specific needs of the Foreign Service. And the course is intended to lay a solid foundation for comprehensive language skills, providing systematically for the development of reading proficiency based on oral- aural skills.</p><p>This text is the end-product of several years of work and has benefited from the labors of many members and former members of the FSI staff. In its present form it was prepared under the supervision of Or. Samuel A. Brown, who has had overall responsibility for the arrangement of situation­al material and for the organization and presentation of structural features. Particular credit for the dialogs and much of the drill material goes to Mrs. Use Christoph. Mrs. Christoph has been assisted by Mrs. Maria-Luise Bissonnette, Mr Friedrich Lehmann, Mr. Gerhard Matzel, Mrs. Margarete Plischke and Mrs. Erika Quaid. A most valuable contribution was also made by Mrs. Quaid in preparing the major part of the typescript, assisted by Miss Geneviève Ducastel. The project has been a cooperative venture, however, and all members of the German staff have contributed freely the fruit of their classroom experience and the gifts of their imagination and insight.<span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="resources/Fsi-GermanBasicCourse-Volume1-StudentText-4.png"></span></p><p>H. E. Sollenberger Dean, School of Languages Foreign Service Institute</p></div><div class="preface"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="d0e25"></a>Introduction</h1></div></div></div><p>AIM</p><p>It is the aim of the course to provide the student with a useful control of the structure of the spoken language and of a basic vocabulary which meets at least some of the specialized needs of the Foreign Service. After completion of the basic course the Foreign Service Officer should be able to make limited practical use of the language in his official duties and social obligations. He will furthermore have the means, given the proper surroundings and personal motivation, for continued rapid and efficient development of proficiency.</p><p>MATERIALS</p><p>The materials in this first volume of the text are organized into twelve lessons or units. Each unit contains a set of basic sentences for memorization. These are in the form of a dialog based on one or sometimes two specific situations in which a person might find himself in Germany. Notes to the basic sentences are provided as necessary to clarify occasional difficulties in vocabulary and idiom and to provide additional background on some cultural features unfamiliar to Americans. Notes on pronunciation are included in each of the first eight units. Phonological features which have been found to be particularly difficult for American students are here presented with explanations and pronunciation practice drills. The notes on grammar in each unit single out those structural features illustrated in the basic sentences which are appropriate for systematic consideration at that stage in the course. Substitution drills provide for the manipulation of forms by substituting specific items in fixed sentence frames. They are in­tended to build habits of association, so that in a given syntactic environment the appropriate grammatical form automatically comes to mind. As the German vocabulary is all familiar, no English equivalents are given in these drills. Variation drills provide for the manipulation of larger syntactic patterns. In each group a model sentence, underscored, serves as a guide. Associated with it are additional sentences incorporating the same syntactic pattern but in which most of the individual word items have been replaced. English equivalents are given to serve as cues for recall of the German variant sentences. Vocabulary drills provide both practice in the use of new vocabulary items and also allow for manipulation of sentence elements whose particular form and arrangement depends upon their association with that vocabulary item. The manipulation of both variation and vocabulary drills depends on the use of English equivalents. Specific translation drills are also provided, however. In most cases they present the material of the basic dialog in the form of a narrative. They thus provide content review of the basic sentences and practice in the transformation from active dialog to descriptive narration. The response drills are question and answer drills on the situations of the basic dialogs. Conversation practice and additional situations in out­line bridge the gap to free conversation with small pieces of supplementary dialog for acting out and situations providing for a freer play of the student's imagination. The finder list in each unit notes all new vocabulary which has been presented.</p><p>METHOD AND PROCEDURE</p><p>This is a course in Spoken German; the forms and patterns of the language are intentionally colloquial. The emphasis in instruction is everywhere on speech, and an indispensable component of the learning process is the voice of a tutor, or instructor, whose native language is German. On no account should the student attempt to use these materials without either a native instructor or recordings of a native instructor's voice. The method of instruction incorporates guided imitation, repetition, memorization, pattern practice, and conversation.</p><p>Working under the supervision of a linguist the tutor's role is to serve as a model for speech and to guide the student to accurate imitation by constant repetition and correction. The student's Job is to watch and listen to the tutor carefully and to imitate as exactly as he can the sounds which he hears. He must be prepared for constant correction and repetition. Each time however the instructor will give him a model to follow by repeating the item first. The student should never attempt to read from his text but should always wait until he hears the word or utterance as the tutor speaks it for him. As far as possible he should leave his book closed during the presentation of new dialog material and keep his eyes on the tutor, students will be asked to repeat in chorus and individually and will be expected to re­peat many, many times, even when their imitation has been good and accurate. Only by constant repetition after an authentic model for speech can habitual fluent and accurate reproduction of the sounds and forms of the foreign language be achieved.</p><p>The basic sentences are preceded by "build-ups" giving the component parts of the utterance separately. Each new item which is introduced appears first as a build-up. The tutor will ask the students to repeat the build-ups separately first, then combined into larger units and finally the complete new sentence or utterance. The basic sentences are sub-divided into numbered sections, each to be treated as a unit, repeated in chorus and individually, with and with­out build-ups, until the students' imitation is satisfactory. Then a new section may be begun. The time required to cover each section in this way will differ widely depending on the size and ability of the class. After acceptable imitation and accurate pronunciation has been achieved in one or more sections they are assigned for memorization outside of class or repeated in class until memorized. The student should be able to give either the German sentence or its English equivalent on request or switch from one to the other and back again. The tutor will drill by repeating each sentence for each student in the class, then by giving each student a different sentence, repeating it for him first, and finally asking the students to recite the sentences in order, the first student the first sentence, the second student the second sentence, etc., without receiving a cue from the instructor. Repetition outside of class, preferably using recorded materials as a guide, should be continued to the point of over-learning. The student should not only be able to give the correct German sentence immediately upon hearing an English equivalent, at random selection, he should also be able to give the correct German sentence with equal ease and speed of response upon hearing its German cue. As a final step the students are expected to act out the basic dialog in entirety from memory, with the tutor or with other students. Only when the basic sentences have been mastered to this extent can they be considered to provide an adequate basis for control of the spoken language. It should be noted at this point that the English text accompanying the basic sentences is not primarily a translation but rather a set of conversational equivalents. Many apparent discrepancies will be found if the student, or the tutor, looks for word-for-word correspondence between the English and German text. It does not exist. Rather, in such and such a situation this is what is said in German and this is what is said in English.</p><p>The pronunciation practice drills are to be taken up after the presentation of the basic sentences has been completed and memorization has been started. Items are arranged in groups according to the particular phonological feature concerned. Words in vertical columns present the same phonological feature in different environments. Several columns in a practice group contain related phonological features or related phonological environments in which the same feature recurs. Words are to be repeated first in chorus and then individually by each student after the tutor, at first following the vertical columns and later, for variation and comparison, horizontally across the page. Particular attention should be paid to items in contrast. These are minimum meaningfully distinctive sound patterns, accurate control of which is important for communication and comprehension. Contrasting word pairs are linked by a dash, and after separate practice for accuracy the items should be repeated by pairs to bring out the exact distinctions between them.</p><p>The notes on grammar are earmarked for home study. After each unit has been started and the first hour or more has been spent in class on repetition of the basic sentences the student should read through the grammar notes to acquaint himself with the grammatical points presented in that unit. During the whole time a particular unit is being worked on in class the student should continue to study the grammar section. Many questions which he may feel tempted to raise in class will be found to be answered in the notes on grammar. The tutor is specifically requested not to discuss the language with his students, and the students are asked not to ply him with questions. Time in class is to be spent using and manipulating the language and not in talking about it. In each unit one or more grammatical features are presented, and the basic sentences have been designed, as far as is possible consistent with natural expression, to incorporate and illustrate those features. Each point of grammar discussed is illustrated by sentences which are natural utterances in the language. They are taken in nearly every case from the basic sentences of the current or preceding units. Thus the examples are already familiar to the student, and the patterns they contain, which will be drilled and practiced in the sections to follow, are patterns which the student has already begun to assimilate by memorizing the sentences of the dialog.</p><p>After the basic sentences of a unit have all been repeated several times and memorization has been well begun, work can be started on the drills. The material is designed to provide a maximum of additional experience in using the forms and patterns of the language learned in the basic sentences. It is not assumed, however, that the learner is automatically able to transfer the experience gained in the basic sentences to error-free manipulation of these forms and patterns. The drills are by no means a test of what the student can do with the elements given him. It is a matter of no great importance whether he can or cannot "figure them out" by himself. The goal is to learn to speak the language accurately and fluently, and this aim can only be achieved by correct repetition of the forms and patterns involved. Therefore all the sentences in each drill group are first to be repeated after the tutor in their correct form. The tutor then cues each student in turn for repetition of one of the drill sentences until all students have given all sentences correctly.</p><p>In the substitution drills the model sentence and all its variants are first repeated in chorus after the tutor. He then gives the model sentence again, the class repeats it in chorus, after which each student is cued individually with an item to be substituted and repeats the sentence with the substitution called for. In some cases the cue is the exact form which fits into the sentence. In some cases a cue is given which requires the student to choose the proper form to fit the syntactic environment of the model. Regardless of which type of cue is given or how simple or complex the exercise may appear to be, the student's task is to make the substitution without hesitation and to repeat the sentence accurately at normal conversational speed. Although no English equivalents are given in the substitution drills and the first task is rapid, fluent and accurate manipulation of the material in German. The tutor may ask for spot translations into English here and there, and on the second or third repetition of the drill he may give English equivalents as word or sentence cues in place of the German cues provided.</p><p>In most of the variation drills and in all of the vocabulary drills the cues take the form of equivalent English sentences. Basic procedure remains the same as in the substitution drills. All sentences in a given variation or vocabulary group are first repeated after the tutor in their correct form. The tutor then gives the pattern sentence again, and the students repeat it in chorus, after which they are required individually to recall and repeat the correct German sentences for which an English equivalent is given. Students may work with their books open here, covering up the right-hand side of the page on Which the German sentences are printed and taking their cues from the English sentences on the left-hand side of the page.</p><p>Conversion drills require the conversion of one or more elements in a sentence from one form to another - singular to plural, present tense to past tense, etc. No English is provided for these sentences as a rule. However, as in the substitution drills the tutor may ask for a random spot translation into English, and he may go through the drill a second or third time giving English sentence cues for which the student gives the German equivalent.</p><p>Translation and response drills, as noted above, are in most cases directly related to the basic sentences. In translation drills the procedure is similar to that followed in variation and vocabulary drills. Students may work with their books open, covering the German text and reading the English sentences themselves, or if preferred, books may be left closed while the tutor gives the English equivalents. In the response drills it is often appropriate for the tutor to address two or three questions to the same student and then two or three more to the next, so that the drill takes on a more natural character of conversation­al interchange. Both drills should be repeated in entirety several times, however, or until all students have had a chance to respond to all items.</p><p>It will be noted that all drill material is provided with both a cue and a correct response, so that all may be prepared by the student outside of class and repeated and practiced by him as often as necessary to achieve complete accuracy and fluency. In many cases there is more than one possible response to a given cue, and instructors are encouraged to accept all responses which are truly equivalent. If a correct response has been given, however, instructors are not to suggest variant forms which may occur to them, as this only introduces unnecessary complexity of choice to an exercise which is difficult enough as it is.</p><p>In the conversation practice brief conversations, usually on the same theme as the basic dialog, are read through by the tutor three or four times while students listen. Then the tutor takes one role while one student takes the other, and they repeat the conversation together. The student's aim here is not primarily to memorize and repeat exactly, but to give as accurate an equivalent as possible in his own words. After acting out the conversation with the tutor the student goes through it again with another student, he in turn with the next student, and so on until all have taken both parts in the dialog.</p><p>The situations are brief descriptions, in English in the earlier units, later in German, of occurrences similar to those on which the basic dialogs are based. Two or more students then act out what has been described in their own way and using their ov.i words. They are free to use their imagination and fill in any supplementary details that occur to them. The whole conversation should not be prolonged however more than four or five minutes maximum duration. Then other students may try their hand at the same situation.</p><p>The narratives, beginning with the fifth unit, are designed for reading purposes. In the early units they introduce a minimum of additional vocabulary and unfamiliar forms, and they may be used in the class for oral narration, the student re-telling in his own words what he has read. In later units some features of expository prose - matters of both form and style - which differ from normal spoken usage are introduced through the narratives in order to bridge the gap between conversational German and those reading skills of a specialized nature which require particular study and attention.</p><p>The ultimate goal of the course, as has been stated above, is to speak accurately, fluently and easily. The text provides for the assimilation of all basic forms and patterns of the language by the guided imitation, memorization, and manipulation of a large number of sentences and by practice in confronting several widely occurring every­day situations. Actual living use of the language in free conversation is a necessary and essential adjunct. The tutor should therefore encourage his students from the start to use the language in every way possible, above and beyond what is provided for in the text. After the first few days of work both students and tutors should avoid the use of English in the classroom for any purpose at all, and they are encouraged to speak German outside the classroom as well. Only by constant use of the skill he is learning can the student hope to master it and retain it as a useful tool of his profession.</p></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="d0e68"></a>Chapter 1. Unit 1</h1></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d0e71">1. Basic sentences: <span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wir sind in Deutschland</em></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d0e1237">2. Notes on pronunciation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d0e1629">3. Notes on grammar</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d0e2224">4. Substitution drill.</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d0e2595">5. Variation drill</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d0e3653">6. Translation drill</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d0e3864">7. Response drill</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d0e4215">8. Conversation practice</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d0e4436">9. Situations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d0e4465">10. Finder list</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d0e71"></a>1. Basic sentences: <span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wir sind in Deutschland</em></span></h2></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"><col width="50%"><tr valign="top"><td align="center" colspan="2">I</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>Good morning</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> guten Morgen </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Good morning.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten Morgen. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>Mr.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Herr </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>Becker</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Becker </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>Mr. Becker</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Herr Becker </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Good morning, Mr. Becker.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten Morgen, Herr Becker. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>day</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Tag </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Hello (Good day).</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten Tag. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>Mrs.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Frau </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>Kunze</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Kunze </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>Mrs. Kunze</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Frau Kunze </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Hello , Mrs. Kunze.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten Tag, Frau Kunze. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>evening</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Abend </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Good evening.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten Abend. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>Miss</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Fräulein </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>Schneider</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Schneider </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>Miss Schneider</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Fräulein Schneider </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Good evening, Miss Schneider.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten Abend, Fräulein Schneider. </em></span></td></tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"><col width="50%"><tr valign="top"><td align="center" colspan="2">II</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Hello, Miss Schneider.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten Tag, Fräulein Schneider. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Hello, Mr. Becker.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten Tag, Herr Becker. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">how</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> wie </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">goes</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> geht </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">it</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> es </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">to you, with you</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ihnen </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">How are you? (how goes it with you?)</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie geht es Ihnen? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">thanks</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> danke </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">very</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sehr </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">good, well</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> gut </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Fine, Thanks.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Danke, sehr gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">and</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> und </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">And how are you, Mr. Becker?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Und wie geht es Ihnen, Herr Becker? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">also, too</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> auch </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Thank you, I’m fine too.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Danke, auch gut. </em></span></td></tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"><col width="50%"><tr valign="top"><td align="center" colspan="2">III</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">understand</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> verstehen </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">you</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Do you understand Mrs. Kunze?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verstehen Sie Frau Kunze? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">no</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> nein </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">I</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ich </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">I understand</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ich verstehe </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">not</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> nicht </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">No, I don't understand Mrs. Kunze.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, ich verstehe Frau Kunze nicht. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">me</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> mich </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Do you understand me?</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verstehen Sie mich? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">yes</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ja </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Yes, I understand you well.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, ich verstehe Sie gut. </em></span></td></tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"><col width="50%"><tr valign="top"><td align="center" colspan="2">IV</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">where</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> wo </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">is</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ist </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">the airport</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> der Flughafen </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Where's the airport?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo ist der Flughafen? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">there</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> dort </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">over there</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> drüben </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">The airport is over there.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Flughafen ist dort drüben. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">please</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> bitte </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">I beg your pardon. What did you say?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie bitte? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">speak</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sprechen </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">slow, slowly</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> langsam </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Please speak slowly.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sprechen Sie bitte langsam. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">The airport is over there.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Flughafen ist dort drüben. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Do you understand?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verstehen Sie? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">thank you</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> danke schön </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Yes, I understand. Thank you.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, ich verstehe. Danke schön. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">you're welcome</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> bitte schön </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">You're welcome.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Bitte schön. </em></span></td></tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"><col width="50%"><tr valign="top"><td align="center" colspan="2">V</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">that</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> das </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">the railroad station</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> der Bahnhof </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Is that the railroad station?</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist das der Bahnhof? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">No, that' not the station.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, das ist nicht der Bahnhof. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">he, it</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> er </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">to the left</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> links </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">It's there to the left.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Er ist dort links. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">the restaurant</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> das Restaurant </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Is the restaurant there too?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist das Restaurant auch dort? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">it</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> es </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Yes, it's there too.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, es ist auch dort. </em></span></td></tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"><col width="50%"><tr valign="top"><td align="center" colspan="2">VI</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">what</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> was </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">there</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> da </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>What's that there?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Was ist das da? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>the hotel</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> das Hotel </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">That's the hotel.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das ist das Hotel. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">here</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> hier </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">to the right</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> rechts </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">the embassy</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> die Botschaft </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Is the embassy here to the right?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist die Botschaft hier rechts? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">she, it</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sie </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Yes, it's here to the right.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, sie ist hier rechts. </em></span></td></tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"><col width="50%"><tr valign="top"><td align="center" colspan="2">VII</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Excuse me the café</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verzeihung das Cafe </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Excuse me, where is the café?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verzeihung, wo ist das Cafe? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>straight ahead</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> geradeaus </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">There, straight ahead.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Dort, geradeaus. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">the bank isn't it? (not true?)</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> die Bank nicht wahr </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>The bank is there too, isn't it?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Bank ist auch da, nicht wahr? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Yes, it's there too.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, sie ist auch da. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">thanks</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> danke </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Thanks.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Danke. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>you're welcome</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> bitte </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">You're welcome.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Bitte. </em></span></td></tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"><col width="50%"><tr valign="top"><td align="center" colspan="2">VIII</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Good morning.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten Morgen. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">I would like</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ich möchte </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">with pleasure</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> gern </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>I'd like very much</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ich möchte gern </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">some cigars</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Zigarren </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">to have</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> haben </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">I'd like to have some cigars.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ich möchte gern Zigarren haben. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">how many</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> wie viele </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">All right. How many?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Gern. Wie viele? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">five</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> fünf </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">and</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> und </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">some matches</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Streichhölzer </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>Five, and some matches too, please.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Fünf, und bitte auch Streichhölzer. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Here you are.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Hier, bitte. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">how much</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> wie viel </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">costs</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> kostet </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">How much does that cost?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel kostet das? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">the cigars</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> die Zigarren </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">cost</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> kosten </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">two</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> zwei </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Mark</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Mark </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">The cigars cost two Marks.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Zigarren kosten zwei Mark. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">the matches</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> die Streichhölzer </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">ten</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> zehn </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">penny, pennies</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Pfennig </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">The matches cost ten pennies.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Streichhölzer kosten zehn Pfennig. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">would like</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> möchten </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">would you like</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> möchten Sie </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>some cigarettes</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Zigaretten </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Would you like to have some cigarettes too?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Möchten Sie auch Zigaretten haben? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">they</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sie </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">they cost</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sie kosten </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Yes, how much do they cost?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, wie viel kosten sie? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">one</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> eine </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">One Mark.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Eine Mark. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Here you are.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Bitte schön</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Thank you.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Danke schön. </em></span></td></tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"><col width="50%"><tr valign="top"><td align="center" colspan="2">IX</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Good evening.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten Abend. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">to eat</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> essen </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Would you like to eat?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Möchten Sie essen? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">sausage and sauerkraut</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Bratwurst mit Sauerkraut </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Yes, sausage and sauerkraut please.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, Bratwurst mit Sauerkraut, bitte. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">some, a little</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> etwas </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">bread</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Brot </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">And a little bread.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Und etwas Brot. </em></span></td></tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"><col width="50%"><tr valign="top"><td align="center" colspan="2">X</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">the wine</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> der Wein </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">How's the wine, and how's the beer?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie ist der Wein und wie ist das Bier? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">are</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sind </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">The wine and the beer are good.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Wein und das Bier sind gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">but</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> aber </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">the coffee</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> der Kaffee </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">But the coffee's not good.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Aber der Kaffee ist nicht gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>the tea</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> der Tee </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">not ... either</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> auch nicht </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">And the tea isn't good either.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Und der Tee ist auch nicht gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">the milk</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> die Milch </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>Is the milk good?</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist die Milch gut? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Yes, the milk is very good.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, die Milch ist sehr gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">the water</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> das Wasser </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">How's the water here?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie ist hier das Wasser? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>The water is good.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das Wasser ist gut. </em></span></td></tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"><col width="50%"><tr valign="top"><td align="center" colspan="2">XI</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">zero - one - two - three - four</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">null</em></span> - <span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">eins</em></span> - <span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">zwei</em></span> - <span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">drei</em></span> - <span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">vier</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">five - six - seven - eight</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">fünf</em></span> - <span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">sechs</em></span> - <span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">sieben</em></span> - <span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">acht</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">nine - ten - eleven - twelve</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">neun</em></span> - <span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">zehn</em></span> - <span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">elf</em></span> - <span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">zwölf</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">How much is three and five?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel ist drei und fünf? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Three and five is eight.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Drei und fünf ist acht. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">How much is seven and four?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel ist sieben und vier? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Seven and four is eleven.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sieben und vier ist elf. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">How much is two and ten?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel ist zwei und zehn? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Two and ten is twelve.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Zwei und zehn ist zwölf. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">again</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> nochmal </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Say it again/ please.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nochmal, bitte. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Two and ten is twelve.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Zwei und zehn ist zwölf. </em></span></td></tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"><col width="50%"><tr valign="top"><td align="center" colspan="2">XII</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">one, you</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> man </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">says</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sagt </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">does one say</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sagt man </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">in German</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> auf deutsch </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">How do you say 'good bye' in German?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie sagt man 'good bye' auf deutsch? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">good bye</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Auf Wiedersehen </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">You say '<span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Auf Wiedersehen</em></span>'.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Man sagt 'Auf Wiedersehen'. </em></span></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d0e1237"></a>2. Notes on pronunciation</h2></div></div></div><p>The spelling of a language only symbolizes to the native speaker the sounds Which he already knows. You will learn these sounds directly from your instructor; the spelling will serve as an aid to listening. No spelling system adequately represents the sounds of the spoken language, and no attempt will be made at this point to outline exactly what sounds are represented by what symbols of the German spelling system. We will however present for particular drill and attention in each unit certain sounds which have shown themselves to be difficult for speakers of American English. In the meantime we ask you to remember two cardinal points:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>The German of your text is printed in the standard German written style.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>The letter-symbols used, although in most cases the same symbols we use in written English, in most cases do not represent exactly the same sounds we use in English. Therefore, DO NOT EXPECT GERMAN WRITTEN SYMBOLS TO REPRESENT SOUND VALUES YOU KNOW IN ENGLISH.</p></li></ol></div><p>Pronunciation Practices. To be drilled in class.</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">A. Short Vowels</span></dt><dd><p>The German short vowels i,e,a and u are not dissimilar from English sounds. The o, however, is probably different from any sound that you have in English. Do not try to replace it by a sound from English, but rather reproduce the pronunciation of your instructor. The German front rounded vowels ö and ü do not occur in English. To produce the ö, put your tongue in the position for the German e and round your lips; for ü, put your tongue in the position for the German i and round your lips. You will then produce a sound similar to the German sound. Experiment until your instructor is satisfied with your pronunciation. Do not worry about the meaning of the words in these practices. Concentrate instead on the sounds.</p><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="20%"><col width="20%"><col width="20%"><col width="20%"><col width="20%"><tr><td align="left" colspan="5" valign="top">Practice l(a)</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong> Short i </strong></span></td><td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong> Short e</strong></span></td><td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong> Short a</strong></span></td><td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong> Short o</strong></span></td><td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong> Short u </strong></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">bitte</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> denn </em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> das </em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> kostet </em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> muss </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ist </em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> essen </em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Mann </em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sonne </em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Mutter </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> in </em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> etwas </em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> an </em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Doktor </em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> und </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong> Short ö </strong></span></td><td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong> Short ü</strong></span></td><td></td><td></td><td align="center"><span class="bold"><strong> - e (unstressed) </strong></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> können </em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Mütter </em></span></td><td></td><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> bitte </em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> genug </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> möchte </em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> fünf </em></span></td><td></td><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> danke </em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> gesehen </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> öfter </em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Hütte </em></span></td><td></td><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sonne </em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> bekommen </em></span></td></tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"><col width="50%"><tr valign="top"><td align="left">Practice 1(b)</td><td></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">mit</em></span> - <span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Mütter</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">kennen</em></span> - <span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">können</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">missen</em></span> - <span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">müssen</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">stecke</em></span> - <span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Stöcke</em></span></td></tr></table></div></dd><dt><span class="term">B. Long Vowels</span></dt><dd><p>There are no sounds in English exactly like the German long vowels. If you will pronounce English gate and then ask your instructor to pronounce German <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">geht</em></span></strong></span>, you will notice that the English vowel sound seems to change during its pronunciation, but the German sound seems tense and stable throughout its duration. Your tongue actually moves during the production of the English vowel sound, but during the production of the German sound the tongue remains in the same position. The long ö and ü are formed approximately like short ö and ü. Pronounce German long e and round your lips to form ö , and pronounce German long i and round your lips to form ü</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Practice 2(a)</strong></span></p><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="12.5%"><col width="12.5%"><col width="12.5%"><col width="12.5%"><col width="12.5%"><col width="12.5%"><col width="12.5%"><col width="12.5%"><tr align="center"><td>Long</td><td>i</td><td>e</td><td>a</td><td>o</td><td>u</td><td>ö</td><td>ü</td></tr><tr align="center"><td></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> wie </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> geht </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Tag </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sohn </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> gut </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> König </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> für </em></span></td></tr><tr align="center"><td></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ihnen </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Tee </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Abend </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> oder </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> du </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> schön </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Tür </em></span></td></tr><tr align="center"><td></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> viel </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> den </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Bahn </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> wo </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Flug </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> öde </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">über </em></span></td></tr></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Practice 2(b)</strong></span></p><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"><col width="50%"><tr align="center"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">vier</em></span> - <span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">für</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">lesen</em></span> - <span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">lösen</em></span></td></tr><tr align="center"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Tier</em></span> - <span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Tür</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Sehne</em></span> - <span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Söhne</em></span></td></tr></table></div></dd><dt><span class="term">C.</span></dt><dd><p><span class="bold"><strong>Distinguishing Long and Short Vowels</strong></span></p><p>It is NOT ALWAYS POSSIBLE to distinguish long and short vowels in written German, as the German spelling system does not consistently mark them as such. Your best guide to the pronunciation of any given word is the way your native instructor pronounces it. However, a few hints can be given which will help you to recognize them <span class="bold"><strong>most</strong></span> of the time. If you look back at the practice lists above you will see that the short vowels in <span class="bold"><strong>most</strong></span> cases are followed by two or more consonants and they are always written with a single letter symbol. Then note that the long vowels are <span class="bold"><strong>not always</strong></span> written with a single letter symbol and usually are followed by only one consonant. The following combinations of letters always designate long vowels: ie, ih - eh, ee - ah, aa - oh, oo - uh - öh - üh</p></dd><dt><span class="term">D.</span></dt><dd><p><span class="bold"><strong>Diphthongs</strong></span></p><p>These combinations of two vowel sounds in German are very similar, though not identical to certain vowel combinations in English.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Practice 3</strong></span></p><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="33%"><col width="33%"><col width="33%"><tr align="center"><td>ei</td><td>au</td><td>eu (äu)</td></tr><tr align="center"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> nein </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> auch </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> deutsch </em></span></td></tr><tr align="center"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> eins </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Tau </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> neun </em></span></td></tr><tr align="center"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wein </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Laut </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> läute </em></span></td></tr></table></div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d0e1629"></a>3. Notes on grammar</h2></div><div><h3 class="subtitle">(For home study)</h3></div></div></div><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="A"><li class="listitem"><p>The German Noun-Classification ('Gender') System.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="I"><li class="listitem"><p>The three classes of nouns.</p><p><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Der</strong></span> Wein ist nicht gut.</em></span> <span class="bold"><strong>The</strong></span> wine isn't good.</p><p><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Das</strong></span> Bier ist gut.</em></span> <span class="bold"><strong>The</strong></span> beer is good.</p><p><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> <span class="bold"><strong>Die</strong></span> Milch ist auch gut.</em></span> <span class="bold"><strong>The</strong></span> milk is good too.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>German has three words for 'the': <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der</em></span></strong></span>, <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das</em></span></strong></span> and <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die</em></span></strong></span>; and German nouns can be divided into three classes according to which of the three words for 'the* they go with. <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wein</em></span></strong></span> goes only with <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der</em></span></strong></span>, never with <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das</em></span></strong></span>, never with <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die</em></span></strong></span>. Bier goes only with <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das</em></span></strong></span>, and so on.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>We will refer to these three classes of nouns, for obvious reasons, as <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der</em></span>-</strong></span>nouns, <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das</em></span></strong></span>-nouns and <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die</em></span>-</strong></span>nouns. (1 <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wein</em></span></em></span></strong></span> is <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der</em></span>-</strong></span>noun-' '<span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Hotel</em></span></em></span></strong></span> is a <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das</em></span>-</strong></span>noun.1)</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>The traditional statement about this phenomenon is: 'German nouns have three genders—masculine, feminine, and neuter.' we will not use this terminology because it tends to mislead English-speaking students by suggesting that the German noun classification has something to do with sex differentiation. It doesn't. See paragraph III.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Insofar as the <span class="bold"><strong>basic stock</strong></span> of German nouns is concerned (nouns like house, grass, sky, wine, beer, milk), there is absolutely no sense or rationale to the classification system; there is no way at all of anticipating which class any given noun belongs to. You must simply learn the word for 'the' as a part of the noun: the German word for 'wine1 is <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der Wein</em></span></strong></span>. And you must practice saying <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der Wein</em></span></strong></span> often enough so that <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Wein</em></span></strong></span> or <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Wein</em></span></strong></span> sounds as wrong to you as 'The father of his country — Henry Washington.'</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Now, Henry Washington is a perfectly good name; but it's wrong, and every^ American knows it's wrong. By the same token, <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Wein</em></span></strong></span> is a perfectly good form; but it's wrong, and every German knows it's wrong.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>With <span class="bold"><strong>derivative</strong></span> nouns (that is, nouns made from other words, like our happiness, brother-hood) your problem is easier. The classification of German derivative nouns is fairly orderly and consistent. Nouns ending in -<span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">ung</em></span>, for example, are always <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die</em></span></strong></span>-nouns: <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Verzeihung</em></span></strong></span> 'the forgiveness, the pardon. And nouns ending with the diminutive suffixes -<span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">lein</em></span> and -<span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>chen</strong></span></em></span> are always <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das-</em></span></strong></span>nouns: <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Fräulein</em></span></strong></span> 'the miss, waitress,'</p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Mädchen</em></span></strong></span> 'the little girl.' We will deal with the formation of the various kinds of derivative nouns as we go along through the units.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>But if the classification of derivative nouns is orderly and consistent, the classification of the basic stock of German nouns remains virtually chaotic. There really is no system at all for guessing Which class a noun belongs to; it's not something you can reason out or get the knack of. It is not the same as our <span class="bold"><strong>he-she-it</strong></span> system, as we'll see in. a minute. There is absolutely nothing in English like it. Your only solution is to use the nouns until you know them as well as you know 'George Washington.'</p></li></ol></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Pronouns Corresponding to the Three Classes of Nouns.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col width="25%" class="c1"><col width="25%" class="c2"><col width="25%" class="c3"><col width="25%" class="c4"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist der Bahnof?</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Er ist dort.</em></span></td><td>Where is the station?</td><td>It's there.</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist das Hotel?</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Es ist dort.</em></span></td><td>Where is the hotel?</td><td>It's there.</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist die Botshaft?</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Sie ist dort.</em></span></td><td>Where is the embassy?</td><td>It's there.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>As these examples show, there is a special <span class="bold"><strong>pronoun</strong></span> for each of the three classes of nouns. Notice the correspondence in the final sounds of the pairs <span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der<span class="bold"><strong>-</strong></span>er</em></span>, <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das-es</em></span></strong></span>, and <span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>die-sie</strong></span></em></span>. This is no coincidence.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Contrast between German and English Pronoun Usage.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col width="25%" class="c1"><col width="25%" class="c2"><col width="25%" class="c3"><col width="25%" class="c4"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist <span class="bold"><strong>der</strong></span> Bahnhof?</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Er</strong></span> ist dort.</em></span></td><td>Where is <span class="bold"><strong>the</strong></span> station?</td><td><span class="bold"><strong>It's</strong></span> there.</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist <span class="bold"><strong>der</strong></span> Mann?</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Er</strong></span> ist dort.</em></span></td><td>Where's <span class="bold"><strong>the</strong></span> man?</td><td><span class="bold"><strong>He's</strong></span> here.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist <span class="bold"><strong>das</strong></span> Hotel?</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Es</strong></span> ist dort.</em></span></td><td>Where is <span class="bold"><strong>the</strong></span> hotel?</td><td><span class="bold"><strong>It's</strong></span> there.</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist <span class="bold"><strong>das</strong></span> Kind?</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Es</strong></span> ist dort.</em></span></td><td>Where is <span class="bold"><strong>the</strong></span> child?</td><td><p><span class="bold"><strong>He's</strong></span> here.</p> <p><span class="bold"><strong>She's</strong></span> here</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist <span class="bold"><strong>die</strong></span> Botschaft?</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Sie</strong></span> ist dort.</em></span></td><td>Where is <span class="bold"><strong>the</strong></span> embassy?</td><td><span class="bold"><strong>It's</strong></span> there.</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist <span class="bold"><strong>die</strong></span> Frau?</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Sie</strong></span> ist dort.</em></span></td><td>Where's <span class="bold"><strong>the</strong></span> woman?</td><td><span class="bold"><strong>She's</strong></span> here.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>These examples show that the German pronouns <span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">er</em></span>, <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">sie</em></span></strong></span>, and es do not match up with the English pronouns 'he', 'she', and 'it'. The English <span class="bold"><strong>he-she-it</strong></span> system has an entirely different foundation from the German noun-classification ('gender') system. In the English system, the choice of pronoun depends upon the sex (male, female, or sexless) of some non-linguistic entity—a man ('he'), a woman ('she'), or a table ('it'). In the German system, on the other hand, the choice of pronoun depends upon the linguistic classification of the noun you are replacing, except in reference to human beings.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Pronouns Referring to People.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col width="50%" class="c1"><col width="50%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist das Fraülein?</em></span></td><td>Where is the waitress?</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Sie ist dort.</em></span></td><td>She's there.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p> Since all German nouns referring to men are <span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>der</strong></span></em></span><span class="bold"><strong>-nouns</strong></span> and virtually all German nouns referring to women are <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die</em></span></strong></span>-nouns. <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">er</em></span></strong></span> and <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">sie</em></span></strong></span> correspond to 'he' and 'she' — when they refer to <span class="bold"><strong>human beings</strong></span>. Consequently, one says <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">sie</em></span></strong></span> when referring to <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Fräulein</em></span></strong></span>. Who is, after all, die lunge Dame 'the young lady',<span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> die Tochte</em></span></strong></span>r 'the daughter', <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Schwester</em></span></strong></span> 'the sister', and so on, as well as <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Fräulein</em></span></strong></span>.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>No classification in the Plural.</p><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo sind die Bahnhöfe? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie sind hier. </em></span></td><td align="left">Where are the stations?</td><td align="left">They're here.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo sind die Hotels? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie sind hier. </em></span></td><td align="left">Where are the hotels?</td><td align="justify">They're here.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo sind die Frauen? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie sind hier. </em></span></td><td align="left">Where are the women?</td><td align="justify">They're here.</td></tr></table></div><p>As these examples show, the three-fold classification we've been discussing applies only to nouns in the singular. In the plural, there is only one word for 'the', and only one pronoun.</p></li></ol></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>The pointing-Word <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das</em></span></strong></span>.</p><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"><col width="50%"><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das ist der Bahnhof, nicht wahr? </em></span></td><td align="left">This is the station, isn't it?</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, das ist er. </em></span></td><td align="left">Yes, that's it.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist das die Milch? </em></span></td><td align="left">Is that the milk?</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das ist Wasser. </em></span></td><td align="left">This is water.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sind das die Streichhölzer? </em></span></td><td align="left">Are these the matches?</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das sind die Zigarren. </em></span></td><td align="left">Those are the cigars.</td></tr></table></div><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="I"><li class="listitem"><p>The pointing-word <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das</em></span></strong></span> (often accompanied by a pointing gesture) is used to call any <span class="bold"><strong>object</strong></span> or <span class="bold"><strong>group of objects</strong></span> to the hearer's attention, without any reference to noun classification or to the number of objects.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>The pointing-word <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das</em></span></strong></span> is an entirely different entity from the <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das</em></span></strong></span> of <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Hotel</em></span></strong></span>. The English equivalents of the pointing-word <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das</em></span></strong></span> are 'this', <span class="bold"><strong>'that', 'these', and 'those'.</strong></span></p></li></ol></div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d0e2224"></a>4. Substitution drill.</h2></div></div></div><p>This section is made up of a number of model sentences. One or two words in each sentence are underscored. Below each group will be found a series of isolated words. The drill consists in substituting these words, one by one, for the one that is underscored in the model sentence, and making necessary changes in the rest of the sentence.</p><p>The instructor says the model sentence out loud, and the class repeats after him. The first student makes the first substitution, the next student the second, and so on. Repeat until all students have had a chance to make each substitution at least once, then proceed to the next model sentence.</p><p>This drill may be done with books closed. The instructor then gives the students the item to be substituted. Keep things moving along. Maintain a lively pace. If one student gets stuck, the next one takes over after three or four seconds.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Der Flughafen ist dort.</em></span></p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col width="50%" class="c1"><col width="50%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Bahnhof - Kaffee - Tee - Wein</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der Bahnhof - der Kaffee - der Tee - der Wein</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Restaurant - Bier - Wasser - Hotel - Cafe</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Restaurant - das Bier - das Wasser - das Hotel - das Cafe</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Bank - Milch - Botschaft</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Bank - die Milch - die Botschaft</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Streichhölzer - Zigarren</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Streichhölzer - die Zigarren</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Bahnhof - Hotel - Tee - Milch - Kaffee - Restaurant - Streichhölzer - Botschaft - Flughafen - Bier - Wein - Wasser - Zigarren - Cafe </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der Bahnhof - das Hotel - der Tee - die Milch - der Kaffee - das Restaurant - die Streichhölzer - die Botschaft - der Flughafen - das Bier - der Wein - das Wasser - die Zigarren - das Cafe</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p lang="de-1901">Wo ist <span class="bold"><strong>der Bahnhof</strong></span>?</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col width="50%" class="c1"><col width="50%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Flughafen - Kaffee - Tee - Wein</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der Flughafen - der Kaffe - der Tee - der Wein </em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Restaurant - Bier - Wasser - Cafe - Hotel</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Restaurant - das Bier - das Wasser - das Cafe - das Hotel</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Bank - Milch - Botschaft</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Bank - die Milch - die Botschaft</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Streichhölzer - Zigarren</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Streichhölzer - die Zigarren</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Restaurant - Flughafen - Bank - Kaffee - Wasser - Milch - Streichhölzer - Bahnhof - Tee - Hotel - Wein - Bier - Botschaft - Zigarren - Cafe</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Restaurant - der Flughafen - die Bank - der Kaffee - das Wasser - die Milch - die Streichhölzer - der Bahnhof - der Tee - das Hotel - der Wein - das Bier - die Botschaft - die Zigarren - das Cafe</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p lang="de-1901">Wieviel kostet <span class="bold"><strong>der Kaffee</strong></span>?</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col width="50%" class="c1"><col width="50%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wein - Tee</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der Wein - der Tee</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Bier</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Bier</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Zigarren - Streichhölzer</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Zigarren - die Streichhölzer</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wtein - Zigarren - Tee - Streichhölzer - Bier </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der Wein - die Zigarren - der Tee - die Streichhölzer - das Bier</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p lang="de-1901">Wie ist <span class="bold"><strong>das Bier</strong></span>?</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col width="50%" class="c1"><col width="50%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wasser - Hotel - Restaurant - Cafe</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Wasser - das Hotel - das Restaurant - das Café</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Kaffee - Tee - Wein </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der Kaffee - der Tee - der Wein</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Bank - Milch</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Bank - die Milch</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Zigarren - Streichhölzer</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Zigarren - die Streichhölzer</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Bier - Tee - Hotel - Wein - Wasser - Kaffee - Milch -Zigarren - Caf£ - Bank - Streichhölzer</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Bier - der Tee - das Hotel - der Wein - das Wasser - der Kaffee - die Milch - die Zigarren - das Cafe - die Bank - die Streichhölzer</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p lang="de-1901"><span class="bold"><strong>Das Hotel</strong></span> ist gut.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col width="50%" class="c1"><col width="50%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Bier - Restaurant - Wasser - Cafe</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Bier - das Restaurant - das Wasser - das Cafe</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wein - Kaffee - Tee </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der Wein - der Kaffee - der Tee</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Milch - Bank</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Milch - die Bank</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Zigarren - Streichhölzer</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Zigarren - die Streichhölzer</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Bier - Wein - Restaurant - Kaffee - Bank - Tee - Hotel - Streichhölzer - Wasser - Zigarren - Cafe - Milch </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Bier - der Wein - das Restaurant - der Kaffee - die Bank - der Tee - das Hotel - die Streichhölzer - das Wasser - die Zigarren - das Cafe - die Milch</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p lang="de-1901"><span class="bold"><strong>Das Hotel</strong></span> ist da drüben.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col width="50%" class="c1"><col width="50%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Restaurant - Bier - Wasser - Cafe</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Restaurant - das Bier - das Wasser - das Café</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Flughafen - Bahnhof - Kaffee - Tee - Wein </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der Flughafen - der Bahnhof - der Kaffee - der Tee - der Wein</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Botschaft - Milch - Bank</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Botschaft - die Milch - die Bank</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Streichhölzer - Zigarren</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Streichhölzer - die Zigarren</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Hotel - Restaurant - Tee - Milch - Bier - Kaffee - Botschaft - Wein - Zigarren - Streichhölzer - Cafe - Bank </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Hotel - das Restaurant - der Tee - die Milch - das Bier - der Kaffee - die Botschaft - der Wein - die Zigarren - die Streichhölzer - das Café - die Bank</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p lang="de-1901">Das ist <span class="bold"><strong>der Flughafen</strong></span>.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col width="50%" class="c1"><col width="50%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Bahnhof - Wein - Tee - Kaffee</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der Bahnhof - der Wein - der Tee - der Kaffee</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Hotel - Restaurant - Bier - Café</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Hotel - das Restaurant - das Bier - das Café</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Bank - Botschaft - Milch</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Bank - die Botschaft - die Milch</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Streichhölzer - Zigarren</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Streichhölzer - die Zigarren</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Botschaft - Flughafen - Hotel - Milch - Restaurant - Bahnhof - Bier - Wein - Tee - Zigarren - Café - Bank</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Botschaft - der Flughafen - das Hotel - die Milch - das Restaurant - der Bahnhof - das Bier - der Wein - der Tee - die Zigarren - das Cafe - die Bank</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p lang="de-1901">Hier ist <span class="bold"><strong>Herr Becker</strong></span>. Hier ist <span class="bold"><strong>er</strong></span>.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col width="50%" class="c1"><col width="50%" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Flughafen - Bahnhof - Wein - Tee - Kaffee - Herr Keller</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">der Flughafen.er - der Bahnhof.er - der Wein.er - der Tee.er - der Kaffee.er - Herr Keller.er</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Frau Kunze - Milch - Botschaft - Bank - Frau Schneider</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Frau Kunze.sie - die Milch.sie - die Botschaft.sie - die Bank.sie - Frau Schneider.sie</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Restaurant - Bier - Wasser - Café - Hotel</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Restaurant.es - das Bier.es - das Wasser.es - das Caf£.es - das Hotel.es</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Streichhölzer - Zigarren - Herr und Frau Becker</em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">die Streichhölzer.sie - die Zigarren.sie - Herr und Frau Becker.sie</em></span></td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Bier - Milch - Wasser - Wein - Streichhölzer - Bahnhof - Restaurant - Zigarren - Hotel - Herr und Frau Becker - Botschaft - Tee - Cafe - Frau Schneider - Flughafen - Herr Keller - Bank - Kaffee </em></span></td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">das Bier.es - die Milch.sie - das Wasser.es - der Wein.er - die Streichhölzer.sie - der Bahnhof.er - das Restaurant.es - die Zigarren.sie - das Hotel.es - Herr und Frau Becker. sie - die Botschaft.sie - der Tee.er - das Cafe.es - Frau Schneider.sie - der Flughafen.er - Herr Keller.er - die Bank.sie - der Kaffee.er</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div><p></p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d0e2595"></a>5. Variation drill</h2></div></div></div><p>This section is made up of several groups of sentences. Each group is headed by a model sentence which is underscored. The instructor reads the model sentence out loud, and the class repeats after him. The first student then gives the German version of the first English variation sentence under the model sentence. The next student takes the second sentence, and so on.</p><p>While doing this drill, STUDENTS MUST COVER THE RIGHT-HAND SIDE OF THE PAGE</p><p>English versions must be read silently, and the German version must be given without stopping, with the proper pronunciation, including intonation. If you have to 'translate* word by word you need more practice with the basic sentences.</p><p>The instructor must insist on COMPLETE SENTENCES.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"><col width="45%"><col width="45%"><thead><tr><th align="center" colspan="2"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ich verstehe Sie. </em></span></th><th align="center">I understand you.</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>a.</td><td>I understand you well.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ich verstehe Sie gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>b.</td><td>I understand you very well.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ich verstehe Sie sehr gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>c.</td><td>I understand you well, too.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ich verstehe Sie auch gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>d.</td><td>I don't understand you.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ich verstehe Sie nicht. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>e.</td><td>I don't understand you either.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ich verstehe Sie auch nicht. </em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"><col width="45%"><col width="45%"><thead><tr><th align="center" colspan="2"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verstehen Sie mich? </em></span></th><th align="center">Do you understand me?</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>a.</td><td>Do you understand me well?</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verstehen Sie mich gut? </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>b.</td><td>Do you understand me well to?</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verstehen Sie mich auch gut? </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>c.</td><td>Don't you understand me?</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verstehen Sie mich nicht? </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>d.</td><td>Don't you understand me either?</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verstehen Sie mich auch nicht? </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>e.</td><td>Don't you understand me well either?</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verstehen Sie mich auch nicht gut? </em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"><col width="45%"><col width="45%"><thead><tr><th align="center" colspan="2"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo ist der Flughafen?</em></span></th><th align="center">Where is the airport?</th></tr></thead><tr><td>a.</td><td>There is the airport.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Da ist der Flughafen. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>b.</td><td>Is that the airport?</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist das der Flughafen? </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>c.</td><td>Yes, that's the airport.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, das ist der Flughafen. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>d.</td><td>No, that's not the airport.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, das ist nicht der Flughafen. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>e.</td><td>Is the airport over there?</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist der Flughafen da drüben? </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>f.</td><td>Yes, it's over there.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, er ist da drüben. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>g.</td><td>No, it's not over there.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, er ist nicht da drüben. </em></span></td></tr></table></div><p>Repeat the same drill and for airport substitute: hotel - embassy - restaurant - station.</p></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"><col width="45%"><col width="45%"><thead><tr><th align="center" colspan="2"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo sind die Streichhölzer? </em></span></th><th align="center">Where are the matches?</th></tr></thead><tr><td>a.</td><td>Where are they?</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo sind sie? </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>b.</td><td>There are the matches.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Da sind die Streichhölzer. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>c.</td><td>There they are.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Da sind sie. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>d.</td><td>Are the matches over them?</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sind die Streichhölzer da drüben? </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>e.</td><td>Yes, the matches are over there.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, die Streichhölzer sind da drüben. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>f.</td><td>They're over there.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie sind da drüben. </em></span></td></tr></table></div><p>Repeat the same drill and for potatoes substitute: cigars - Mr. and Mrs. Kunze.</p></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"><col width="45%"><col width="45%"><thead><tr><th align="center" colspan="2"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie ist die Milch? </em></span></th><th align="center">How's the milk?</th></tr></thead><tr><td>a.</td><td>It's good.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie ist gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>b.</td><td>It's very good.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie ist sehr gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>c.</td><td>The water is good too.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das Wasser ist auch gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>d.</td><td>It's very good too.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Es ist auch sehr gut. </em></span></td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"><col width="45%"><col width="45%"><thead><tr><th align="center" colspan="2"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie ist das Bier? </em></span></th><th align="center">How's the beer?</th></tr></thead><tr><td>a.</td><td>It's good.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Es ist gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>b.</td><td>It's very good.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Es ist sehr gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>c.</td><td>The cigars are good too.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Zigarren sind auch gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>d.</td><td>They're very good too.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie sind auch sehr gut. </em></span></td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"><col width="45%"><col width="45%"><thead><tr><th align="center" colspan="2"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie ist der Tee? </em></span></th><th align="center">How's the tea?</th></tr></thead><tr><td>a.</td><td>It's not good.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Er ist nicht gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>b.</td><td>It's very good.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Er ist sehr gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>c.</td><td>The milk isn't good either.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Milch ist auch nicht gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>d.</td><td>It's not very good either.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie ist auch nicht sehr gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>e.</td><td>Yes. They are very good.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, sie sind sehr gut. </em></span></td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"><col width="45%"><col width="45%"><thead><tr><th align="center" colspan="2"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie sind die Streichhölzer? </em></span></th><th align="center">How are the matches?</th></tr></thead><tr><td>a.</td><td>They're not good.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie sind nicht gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>b.</td><td>They're not very good.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie sind nicht sehr gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>c.</td><td>The wine is not good either.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Wein ist auch nicht gut. Er ist auch nicht sehr gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>d.</td><td>It's not very good either.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Er ist auch nicht sehr gut. </em></span></td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"><col width="45%"><col width="45%"><thead><tr><th align="center" colspan="2"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das kostet viel. </em></span></th><th align="center">That costs a lot.</th></tr></thead><tr><td>a.</td><td>How much does that cost?</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel kostet das? </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>b.</td><td>Does that cost much?</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Kostet das viel? </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>c.</td><td>That doesn't cost much.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das kostet nicht viel. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>d.</td><td>That doesn't cost much either.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das kostet auch nicht viel. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>e.</td><td>That costs three marks.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das kostet drei Mark. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>f.</td><td>That costs three marks, too.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das kostet auch drei Mark. </em></span></td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"><col width="45%"><col width="45%"><thead><tr><th align="center" colspan="2"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das Bier ist out. </em></span></th><th align="center">The beer is good.</th></tr></thead><tr><td>a.</td><td>The wine is not good.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Wein ist nicht gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>b.</td><td>The coffee is good, too.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Kaffee ist auch gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>c.</td><td>The restaurant is very good.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das Restaurant ist sehr gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>d.</td><td>Is the tea good?</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist der Tee gut? </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>e.</td><td>Ho, the tea isn't very good.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, der Tee ist nicht sehr gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>f.</td><td>Is the café good?</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist das Café gut? </em></span></td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"><col width="45%"><col width="45%"><thead><tr><th align="center" colspan="2"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Streichhölzer sind nicht sehr gut.</em></span></th><th align="center">The matches are not very good.</th></tr></thead><tr><td>a.</td><td>The beer and the wine are good.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das Bier und der Wein sind gut.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>b.</td><td>The cigars are good, too.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Zigarren sind auch gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>c.</td><td>Are the coffee and the tea good?</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sind der Kaffee und der Tee gut? </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>d.</td><td>Yes. They are very good.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, sie sind sehr gut. </em></span></td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"><col width="45%"><col width="45%"><thead><tr><th align="center" colspan="2"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo ist der Flughafen? Er ist dort rechts. </em></span></th><th align="center">Where is the airport? It's there to the right.</th></tr></thead><tr><td>a.</td><td>Where Is the café? It's there to the left.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist das Café? Es ist dort links.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>b.</td><td>Where Is the restaurant? It's there, too.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist das Restaurant? Es ist auch dort.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>c.</td><td>Where is the bank? It's there straight ahead.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist die Bank? Sie ist dort geradeaus.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>d.</td><td>Where is Mr. Schneider? He is here.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist Herr Schneider? Er ist hier.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>e.</td><td>Where is Mrs. Schneider? She's here, too.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist Frau Schneider? Sie ist auch hier.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>f.</td><td>Where is the station? It's over there, to the right</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wo ist der Bahnhof? Er ist da drüben, rechts. </em></span></td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"><col width="45%"><col width="45%"><thead><tr><th align="center" colspan="2"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wie ist der Kaffee? Er 1st out.</em></span></th><th align="center">How is the coffee? It is good.</th></tr></thead><tr><td>a.</td><td>How is the milk? It's very good.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wie ist die Milch? Sie ist sehr gut.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>b.</td><td>How is the water? It's good, too.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wie ist das Wasser? Es ist auch gut.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>c.</td><td>How is the hotel? It's not very good.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wie ist das Hotel? Es ist nicht sehr gut.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>d.</td><td>How is the beer? It's very good here.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wie ist das Bier? Es ist hier sehr gut</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>e.</td><td>How is the tea? It's not good.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wie ist der Tee? Er ist nicht gut.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>f.</td><td>How is the wine? It's very good, too.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Wie ist der Wein? Er ist auch sehr gut. </em></span></td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"><col width="45%"><col width="45%"><thead><tr><th align="center" colspan="2"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Ich möchte gern Zigaretten haben.</em></span></th><th align="center">I'd like to have some cigarettes. please.</th></tr></thead><tr><td>a.</td><td>Would you like to have some cigars, too?</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Möchten Sie auch Zigarren haben?</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>b.</td><td>I'd like to have some matches.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ich möchte gern Streichhölzer haben.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>c.</td><td>Would you like to have some bread?</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Möchten Sie etwas Brot haben?</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>d.</td><td>I'd like to have some milk.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ich möchte gern Milch haben.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>e.</td><td>I'd like to have some sausage and sauerkraut.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Ich möchte gern Bratwurst mit Sauerkraut haben. </em></span></td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"><col width="45%"><col width="45%"><thead><tr><th align="center" colspan="2"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ich möchte gerne essen.</em></span></th><th align="center">I'd like to eat.</th></tr></thead><tr><td>a.</td><td>What would you like to eat?</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Was möchten Sie essen?</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>b.</td><td>I'd like to eat some sausage and sauerkraut.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Ich möchte Bratwurst mit Sauerkraut essen.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>c.</td><td>Would you also like to eat some bread? Yes, I'd like to eat some bread.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Möchten Sie auch Brot essen? Ja, ich möchte gern etwas Brot essen. </em></span></td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"><col width="45%"><col width="45%"><thead><tr><th align="center" colspan="2"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Das ist der Bahnhof.</em></span></th><th align="center">That's the railroad station.</th></tr></thead><tr><td>a.</td><td>Is that the embassy?</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Ist das die Botschaft?</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>b.</td><td>No, that's not the embassy.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Nein, das ist nicht die Botschaft.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>c.</td><td>That's the hotel. Is that Mr. Kunze?</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Das ist das Hotel. Ist das Herr Kunze?</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>d.</td><td>No, that's not Mr. Kunze.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Nein, das ist nicht Herr Kunze.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>e.</td><td>That's Mr. Schneider.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase">Das ist Herr Schneider. </em></span></td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"><col width="45%"><col width="45%"><thead><tr><th align="center" colspan="2"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Hier ist das Hotel. </em></span></th><th align="center">Here is the hotel.</th></tr></thead><tr><td>a.</td><td>There's the restaurant.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Dort ist das Restaurant. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>b.</td><td>Over there is the airport.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Da drüben ist der Flughafen. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>c.</td><td>There to the right is the embassy.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Dort rechts ist die Botschaft. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>d.</td><td>Here on the left is the station.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Hier links ist der Bahnhof. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>e.</td><td>Over there, to the right is the cafe.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Da drüben, rechts, ist das Cafe. </em></span></td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"><col width="45%"><col width="45%"><thead><tr><th align="center" colspan="2"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Zigarren kosten fünf Mark. </em></span></th><th align="center">The cigars cost five marks.</th></tr></thead><tr><td>a.</td><td>The beer costs one mark.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das Bier kostet eine Mark. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>b.</td><td>The wine costs two marks ten.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Wein kostet zwei Mark zehn. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>c.</td><td>The matches cost ten pennies.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Streichhölzer kosten zehn Pfennig. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>d.</td><td>The coffee costs three marks eight.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Kaffee kostet drei Mark acht. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>e.</td><td>The tea costs two marks four.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Tee kostet zwei Mark vier. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>f.</td><td>The milk costs twelve pennies.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Milch kostet zwölf Pfennig. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>g</td><td>Bratwurst and sauerkraut costs two marks five.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Bratwurst mit Sauerkraut kostet zwei Mark fünf. </em></span></td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"><col width="45%"><col width="45%"><thead><tr><th align="center" colspan="2"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Drei und vier ist sieben. </em></span></th><th align="center">Three and four is seven.</th></tr></thead><tr><td>a.</td><td>Five and three is eight.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Fünf und drei ist acht. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>b.</td><td>How much is two and six?</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel ist zwei und sechs? </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>c.</td><td>Seven and five is twelve.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sieben und fünf ist zwölf. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>d.</td><td>Three and three is six.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Drei und drei ist sechs. </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>e.</td><td>How much is seven and four?</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel ist sieben und vier? </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>f.</td><td>Is nine and one eleven?</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist neun und eins elf? </em></span></td></tr><tr><td>g.</td><td>No, nine and one is ten.</td><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, neun und eins ist zehn. </em></span></td></tr></table></div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d0e3653"></a>6. Translation drill</h2></div></div></div><p>Students cover right-hand side of page and take turns giving the German version of the sentences in English column. The instructor must insist that each student give his version without hesitation. Go over the drill several times, until each student has had an opportunity to give all sentences.</p><p>Unless students can do this drill confidently, they need more preparation.</p><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"><col width="45%"><col width="45%"><tr valign="top"><td align="left">1.</td><td align="left">Is that the embassy?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist das die Botschaft? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">2.</td><td align="left">No, that's not the embassy, that is the hotel.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, das ist nicht die Botschaft, das ist das Hotel. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">3 .</td><td align="left">The embassy is over there, to the left.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Botschaft ist da drüben, links. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">4.</td><td align="left">How is the beer, is it good?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie ist das Bier, ist es gut? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">5.</td><td align="left">No, it's not very good.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, es ist nicht sehr gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">6.</td><td align="left">What is that there, the airport?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Was ist das dort, der Flughafen? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">7.</td><td align="left">Yes, that's the airport.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, das ist der Flughafen. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">8.</td><td align="left">Is Mr. Becker here?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist Herr Becker hier? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">9.</td><td align="left">No, he isn't (here).</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, er ist nicht hier. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">10.</td><td align="left">Is the wine good here?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist hier der Wein gut? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">11.</td><td align="left">Yes, it is (good here).</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, er ist gut hier. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">12.</td><td align="left">Where is Miss Schneider?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo ist Fräulein Schneider? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">13.</td><td align="left">Isn't she here?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist sie nicht hier? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">14.</td><td align="left">No, she isn't (here).</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, sie ist nicht hier. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">15.</td><td align="left">How much does sausage and sauerkraut cost?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel kostet Bratwurst mit Sauerkraut? </em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="left">16.</td><td align="left">It doesn't cost much.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Es kostet nicht viel. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">17.</td><td align="left">Where are the cigars?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo sind die Zigarren? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">18.</td><td align="left">Aren't they here?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sind sie nicht hier? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">19.</td><td align="left">No, they aren't (here).</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, sie sind nicht hier. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">20.</td><td align="left">They cost four marks.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie kosten vier Mark. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">21.</td><td align="left">Do you understand me?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verstehen Sie mich? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">22.</td><td align="left">What did you say?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie bitte? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">23.</td><td align="left">Yes, I understand you very well.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, ich verstehe Sie sehr gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">24.</td><td align="left">Would you like to eat?</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Möchten Sie gern essen? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">25</td><td align="left">Yes, I would.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, gerne. </em></span></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d0e3864"></a>7. Response drill</h2></div></div></div><p>Students are to prepare this drill at home. The questions are generally directed toward the situation or situations presented in the Basic Sentences. The answers suggested are obviously not the only possible answers to these questions, and the student should feel free to vary them or to replace them by his own formulations ad libitum, within the limitations of structure and vocabulary covered.</p><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"><col width="45%"><col width="45%"><tr valign="top"><td align="left">1.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo ist Herr Becker? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Er ist dort drüben. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">2.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist das Frau Kunze? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, das ist nicht Frau Kunze. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">3.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo sind Herr und Frau Schneider? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Herr und Frau Schneider sind hier. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">4.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie geht es Ihnen? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Danke gut. Und Ihnen? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">5.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verstehen Sie mich? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, ich verstehe Sie gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">6.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verstehen Sie mich auch gut? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, ich verstehe Sie nicht. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">7.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo ist der Bahnhof? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Bahnhof ist dort rechts. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">8.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist das der Bahnhof? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, das ist nicht der Bahnhof. Er ist dort, geradeaus. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">9.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo ist der Flughafen? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Er ist dort drüben. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">10.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist das Hotel dort links? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, es ist dort rechts. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">11.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das Restaurant ist dort drüben, nicht wahr? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, es ist dort drüben, geradeaus. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">12.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Was ist das dort? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das ist die Botschaft. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">13.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo ist hier die Bank? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Bank ist hier links. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">14.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> 1st das die Botschaft da drüben? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, das ist die Botschaft. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">15.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie ist das Cafe? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das Cafe ist sehr gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">16.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist das Restaurant auch gut? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, das Restaurant ist nicht sehr gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">17.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie sagt man "good bye" auf deutsch? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Man sagt "Auf Wiedersehen". </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">18.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie sagt man "thank you" auf deutsch? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Man sagt "Danke schön". </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">19.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Was möchten Sie haben? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ich möchte zehn Zigaretten haben. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">20.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Möchten Sie auch Zigarren haben? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, ich möchte auch Zigarren haben. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">21.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viele möchten Sie haben? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Vier, bitte. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">22.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Möchten Sie auch Streichhölzer haben? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, ich möchte auch Streichhölzer haben. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">23.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel kosten die Zigarren? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Zigarren kosten eine Mark. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">24.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Kostet das Bier eine Mark? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, es kostet eine Mark zehn. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">25.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel kostet der Wein? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Er kostet sechs Mark fünf. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">26.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel kosten der Kaffee und der Tee? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Kaffee und der Tee kosten fünf Mark zwölf. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">27.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Möchten Sie gern etwas essen? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, ich möchte gern etwas essen. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">28.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Was möchten Sie essen? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ich möchte Bratwurst mit Sauerkraut essen. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">29.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Möchten Sie auch Brot essen? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, ich möchte auch etwas Brot essen. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">30.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie ist hier das Bier? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das Bier ist hier sehr gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">31.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist der Wein auch gut? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, der Wein ist auch sehr gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">32.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie ist der Kaffee? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Kaffee ist nicht gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">33.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist der Tee auch nicht gut? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, er ist auch nicht gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">34.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist die Milch gut? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ja, die Milch ist sehr gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">35.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel ist zwei und zwei? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Zwei und zwei ist vier. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">36.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist drei und vier acht? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, drei und vier ist sieben. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">37.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel ist fünf und vier? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Fünf und vier ist neun. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">38.</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist sechs und fünf zwölf? </em></span></td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, sechs und fünf ist nicht zwölf. Sechs und fünf ist elf. </em></span></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d0e4215"></a>8. Conversation practice</h2></div></div></div><p>Students keep books closed. Preparation before class is recommended.</p><p>The instructor reads one conversational bout three or four times, out loud, at normal speed. Class listens and students memorize.</p><p>The instructor and one student now 'play back' the conversation. Repeat each bout until each student has taken each part once. Then proceed to the next bout.</p><p>Keep the ball rolling. If students are hesitant, abandon this drill for the day. Students will prepare themselves at home for the next repetition of the drill.</p><p>The instructor will POSTPONE CORRECTING OF MISTAKES during a bout until after it is concluded so as not to discourage the student. After the bout, the instructor simply says the mistaken or mispronounced item to the student and has him repeat it after him.</p><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"><col width="90%"><tr><td align="center" colspan="2" valign="top"><span class="bold"><strong>1</strong></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">A:</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wo ist die Botschaft hier in Bonn? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">B:</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Die Botschaft ist dort, geradeaus. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">A:</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie bitte? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">B:</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie ist dort, geradeaus. Verstehen Sie mich? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">A:</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, danke. Und wo ist der Flughafen? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">B:</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Der Flughafen ist da links. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">A:</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Danke schön. </em></span></td></tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"><col width="90%"><tr><td align="center" colspan="2" valign="top"><span class="bold"><strong>2</strong></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">S:</td><td align="justify"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten Tag, Herr Becker. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">K:</td><td align="justify"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten Tag, Herr Kunze. Wie geht es Ihnen? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">S:</td><td align="justify"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Danke, gut. Und Ihnen? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">K:</td><td align="justify"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Auch gut, danke. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">S:</td><td align="justify"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie ist das Bier hier? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">K:</td><td align="justify"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Es ist sehr gut und der Wein ist auch gut. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">S:</td><td align="justify"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel kostet das Bier? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">K:</td><td align="justify"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Es kostet eine Mark zehn. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">S:</td><td align="justify"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Möchten Sie auch etwas essen? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">K:</td><td align="justify"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, danke. </em></span></td></tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"><col width="90%"><tr><td align="center" colspan="2" valign="top"><span class="bold"><strong> 3 </strong></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">C:</td><td align="justify"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Guten Morgen. Ich möchte gern zehn Zigarren haben. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">D:</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Bitte. Möchten Sie auch Zigaretten haben? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">C:</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, danke. Aber ich möchte Streichhölzer haben. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">D:</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Hier bitte. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">C:</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie viel kosten die Zigarren? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">D:</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie kästen fünf Mark sieben. </em></span></td></tr></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="10%"><col width="90%"><tr><td align="center" colspan="2" valign="top"><span class="bold"><strong> 4 </strong></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">E:</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verzeihung, wo ist das Restaurant? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">F:</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das Restaurant ist dort, rechts. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">E:</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ist das der Flughafen dort drüben? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">F:</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Nein, das ist nicht der Flughafen, das ist der Bahnhof. Der Flughafen ist dort, links. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">E:</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Wie bitte? Ich verstehe Sie nicht. Sprechen Sie bitte langsam. </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">F:</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Das ist nicht der Flughafen, das ist der Bahnhof. Der Flughafen ist dort, links. Verstehen Sie mich? </em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">E:</td><td align="left"><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja, ich verstehe Sie. Auf Wiedersehen. </em></span></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d0e4436"></a>9. Situations</h2></div></div></div><p>You are now ready for free conversation. Act out the following situations, Which are slight variations on the basic sentences, as freely and fluently as you can, making use of all the patterns you have learned.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong> Finding the Way</strong></span></p><p>An American has just arrived in Germany and doesn't understand too well yet. He asks a German on the street where the hotel is. The German tells him it's over there to the left. The American doesn't understand him and asks him to say it again please.</p><p>He still does not understand and asks the German to speak slowly. The latter repeats much slower and asks the American if he understands. The American says he does, thanks him and says good-bye.</p><p>Go through this conversation again with the American asking for the embassy, café, airport, etc., and the German giving different directions: straight ahead, over there, to the right, etc.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong> Question Practice</strong></span></p><p>Each student asks the next student a question in addition (numbers one to twelve). He answers it and asks the next student, etc.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>At the Cigar Store </strong></span></p><p>Mr. Becker is the proprietor of a cigar store. Mr. Schneider stops in for some cigarettes. They exchange greetings, and Mr. Becker asks what Mr. Schneider would like. After getting him the cigarettes he asks if Mr. Schneider would like some cigars, too. He says no thanks, but he would like some matches. Figuring up his own bill he says that costs one mark ten, doesn't it, but Mr. Becker says no, it costs two marks. Mr. Schneider gives him the money, and they say good-bye to each other.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>At the Restaurant </strong></span></p><p>Miss Schneider is the waitress in a restaurant. Mr. Kunze greets her as he comes in and asks how she is. She returns his greeting and asks if he is well, too. He says yes, thanks, and asks if they have sausage and sauerkraut, and how the beer and the wine are, etc. Finally he says he'd like to have sausage and sauerkraut, beer and some bread. After the meal he pays her - it costs three marks - and says good-bye.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d0e4465"></a>10. Finder list</h2></div></div></div><p>FINDER LIST</p><div class="informaltable"><table><col width="50%"><col width="50%"><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Abend </em></span></td><td>evening</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> aber </em></span></td><td>but</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> acht </em></span></td><td>eight</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> auch </em></span></td><td>also, too</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> auch nicht </em></span></td><td>not ... either</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> auf deutsch </em></span></td><td>in German</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Auf Wiedersehen'. </em></span></td><td>good-bye</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> der Bahnhof </em></span></td><td>station</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> die Bank </em></span></td><td>bank</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> das Bier </em></span></td><td>beer</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> bitte </em></span></td><td>please</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> bitte schön </em></span></td><td>here you are</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> die Botschaft </em></span></td><td>embassy</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Bratwurst mit Sauerkraut </em></span></td><td>sausage and sauerkraut</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Brot </em></span></td><td>bread</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> das Café</em></span></td><td>cafe</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> da </em></span></td><td>there</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> danke </em></span></td><td>thanks</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> danke schön </em></span></td><td>many thanks</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> das </em></span></td><td>that</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> dort </em></span></td><td>there</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> drei </em></span></td><td>three</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> drüben </em></span></td><td>over there</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> eins </em></span></td><td>one</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> elf </em></span></td><td>eleven</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> er </em></span></td><td>he, it</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> es </em></span></td><td>it</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> essen </em></span></td><td>eat</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> etwas Brot </em></span></td><td>some bread</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> der Flughafen </em></span></td><td>airport</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Frau </em></span></td><td>Mrs.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Frau Kunze </em></span></td><td>Mrs. Kunze</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Fräulein </em></span></td><td>Miss</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Fräulein Schneider </em></span></td><td>Miss Schneider</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> fünf </em></span></td><td>five</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> geht </em></span></td><td>goes</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> geradeaus </em></span></td><td>straight ahead</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> gern(e) </em></span></td><td>with pleasure</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> gut </em></span></td><td>good, well</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> guten Abend </em></span></td><td>good evening</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> guten Morgen </em></span></td><td>good morning</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> guten Tag </em></span></td><td>hello (good by)</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> haben </em></span></td><td>have</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Herr </em></span></td><td>Mr.</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Herr Becker </em></span></td><td>Mr. Becker</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> hier </em></span></td><td>here</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> das Hotel </em></span></td><td>hotel</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ich </em></span></td><td>I</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ihnen </em></span></td><td>to you, with you</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ist </em></span></td><td>is</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Ja </em></span></td><td>yes</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> der Kaffee </em></span></td><td>coffee</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> kosten </em></span></td><td>cost</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> kostet </em></span></td><td>costs</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> langsam </em></span></td><td>slow, slowly</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> links </em></span></td><td>left, to the left</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> man </em></span></td><td>one, you</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Mark </em></span></td><td>Mark, Marks</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> eine Mark </em></span></td><td>one Mark</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> zwei Mark </em></span></td><td>two Marks</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> mich </em></span></td><td>me (accusative)</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> die Milch </em></span></td><td>milk</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> möchten </em></span></td><td>would like</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> möchten Sie </em></span></td><td>would you like</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ich möchte </em></span></td><td>I would like</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ich möchte gern </em></span></td><td>I'd like very much</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Morgen </em></span></td><td>morning</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> nein </em></span></td><td>no</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> neun </em></span></td><td>nine</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> nicht </em></span></td><td>not</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> nicht wahr? </em></span></td><td>isn1t it (not true)?</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> nochmal </em></span></td><td>again</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> null </em></span></td><td>zero</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Pfennig </em></span></td><td>penny, pennies</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> rechts </em></span></td><td>to the right</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> das Restaurant </em></span></td><td>restaurant</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sagt </em></span></td><td>says</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sagt man </em></span></td><td>does one say</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sechs </em></span></td><td>six</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sehr </em></span></td><td>very</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sie </em></span></td><td>she, it</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Sie </em></span></td><td>you</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sieben </em></span></td><td>seven</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sind </em></span></td><td>are</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> sprechen </em></span></td><td>speak</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> die Streichhölzer </em></span></td><td>matches</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Tag </em></span></td><td>day</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> der Tee </em></span></td><td>tea</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> und </em></span></td><td>and</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> verstehen </em></span></td><td>understand</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> verstehen Sie </em></span></td><td>do you understand</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> ich verstehe </em></span></td><td>I understand</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Verzeihung </em></span></td><td>excuse me</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> vier </em></span></td><td>four</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> was </em></span></td><td>What</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> das Wasser </em></span></td><td>water</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> der Wein </em></span></td><td>wine</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> wie </em></span></td><td>how</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> wie bitte? </em></span></td><td>I beg your pardon. What did you say?</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> wie viel </em></span></td><td>now much</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> wie viele </em></span></td><td>how many</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> wo </em></span></td><td>Where</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> zehn </em></span></td><td>ten</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> Zigaretten </em></span></td><td>cigarettes</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> die Zigarren </em></span></td><td>cigars</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> zwei </em></span></td><td>two</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td><span lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="de-1901" class="foreignphrase"> zwölf </em></span></td><td>twelve</td></tr></table></div></div></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="d0e5115"></a>Chapter 2. </h1></div></div></div><p></p></div></div></body></html>
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