Jelajahi Sumber

v3 step 5.1 — EXTERNAL procedures, runtime shim, SysIO (88/88 tests green)

Eric Streit 2 minggu lalu
induk
melakukan
c2bb6c7829

+ 35 - 12
compiler/run_tests.sh

@@ -153,22 +153,29 @@ expect_fail t_nested.mod "not supported yet"
 
 # --- separate compilation (step 4.3): $1 prog module, $2 exit code,
 #     then the session's source files (program last by convention) ---
-expect_run_files() {
-  prog="$1"; want="$2"; shift 2
+SHIM="../runtime/syslib/shim.c"
+
+# Build a session image; echoes 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
+build_session() {
+  prog="$1"; shift
   files=""
   for f in "$@"; do files="$files tests/$f"; done
   rm -f "gen_ssa/$prog.ssa" "gen_ssa/$prog.s" "gen_ssa/$prog"
   if ./M2 $files 2>&1 | grep -q "Parsed correctly"; then :; else
-    fail=$((fail+1)); echo "FAIL(session): $prog rejected"; return
-  fi
-  if [ ! -f "gen_ssa/$prog.ssa" ]; then
-    fail=$((fail+1)); echo "FAIL(session): $prog no image"; return
-  fi
-  if ! qbe -o "gen_ssa/$prog.s" "gen_ssa/$prog.ssa" 2> "gen_ssa/$prog.qbeerr"; then
-    fail=$((fail+1)); echo "FAIL(session): $prog qbe"; cat "gen_ssa/$prog.qbeerr"; return
-  fi
-  if ! cc "gen_ssa/$prog.s" -o "gen_ssa/$prog" 2> "gen_ssa/$prog.ccerr"; then
-    fail=$((fail+1)); echo "FAIL(session): $prog cc"; cat "gen_ssa/$prog.ccerr"; return
+    echo "rejected"; return 1
+  fi
+  [ -f "gen_ssa/$prog.ssa" ] || { echo "no image"; return 1; }
+  qbe -o "gen_ssa/$prog.s" "gen_ssa/$prog.ssa" 2> "gen_ssa/$prog.qbeerr" \
+    || { echo "qbe"; cat "gen_ssa/$prog.qbeerr"; return 1; }
+  cc "gen_ssa/$prog.s" "$SHIM" -o "gen_ssa/$prog" 2> "gen_ssa/$prog.ccerr" \
+    || { echo "cc"; cat "gen_ssa/$prog.ccerr"; return 1; }
+  return 0
+}
+
+expect_run_files() {
+  prog="$1"; want="$2"; shift 2
+  if ! build_session "$prog" "$@"; then
+    fail=$((fail+1)); echo "FAIL(session): $prog $? ($(build_session "$prog" "$@" 2>&1))"; return
   fi
   timeout 10 "gen_ssa/$prog" > /dev/null 2>&1; got=$?
   if [ "$got" = "$want" ]; then
@@ -178,10 +185,26 @@ expect_run_files() {
   fi
 }
 
+expect_run_files_out() {
+  # $1 prog, $2 exit code, $3 expected first output line, then files
+  prog="$1"; want="$2"; wantline="$3"; shift 3
+  if ! build_session "$prog" "$@"; then
+    fail=$((fail+1)); echo "FAIL(session-out): $prog build failed"; return
+  fi
+  out=$(timeout 10 "gen_ssa/$prog" 2>/dev/null); got=$?
+  first=$(printf '%s\n' "$out" | head -n 1)
+  if [ "$got" = "$want" ] && [ "$first" = "$wantline" ]; then
+    pass=$((pass+1)); echo "PASS(session-out): $prog -> $got [$first]"
+  else
+    fail=$((fail+1)); echo "FAIL(session-out): $prog rc=$got line=[$first] want=[$wantline]"
+  fi
+}
+
 expect_run_files DBasicProg 49 d_basic.def d_basic.mod d_basic_prog.mod
 expect_run_files DQualProg 46 d_basic.def d_basic.mod d_qual_prog.mod
 expect_run_files DTypesProg 36 d_types.def d_types.mod d_types_prog.mod
 expect_run_files DOpaqueProg 55 d_opaque.def d_opaque.mod d_opaque_prog.mod
+expect_run_files_out Hello 0 "Hello, Modula-2!" sysio.def sysio.mod hello.mod
 
 expect_fail_files() {
   # $1 = listing basename, $2 = message (may be empty), then files

+ 13 - 4
compiler/src/M2.atg

@@ -579,6 +579,9 @@ PRODUCTIONS
       ( "FORWARD"                       (. SymTab.MarkFwd;
                                            SymTab.CloseProc;
                                            QbeGen.AbortFunc; .)
+      | "EXTERNAL"                      (. SymTab.MarkExternal("");
+                                           SymTab.CloseProc;
+                                           QbeGen.AbortFunc; .)
       |                                 (. QbeGen.EndFuncHeader; .)
         Block<pn>                       (. SymTab.CloseProc;
                                            QbeGen.EndFunc(
@@ -797,7 +800,8 @@ PRODUCTIONS
                                                SymTab.ProcUid(qn), mg0);
                                                QbeGen.CallBegin(mg0,
                                                  res0,
-                                                 SymTab.ProcDepthOf(qn));
+                                                 SymTab.ProcDepthOf(qn),
+                                                 SymTab.IsExternal(qn));
                                                QbeGen.CallEnd(FALSE, q2)
                                              END
                                            ELSE SemError(233)
@@ -821,7 +825,8 @@ PRODUCTIONS
                                            ELSE QbeGen.Mangled(pn,
                                              SymTab.ProcUid(pn), mg);
                                              QbeGen.CallBegin(mg, res,
-                                               SymTab.ProcDepthOf(pn))
+                                               SymTab.ProcDepthOf(pn),
+                                               SymTab.IsExternal(pn))
                                            END;
                                            i := 0; .)
       [ ActParam<pn, i>                  (. INC(i); .)
@@ -1598,7 +1603,10 @@ PRODUCTIONS
                                              QbeGen.IntStr(
                                                QbeGen.CharVal(s), q)
                                            ELSE t := SymTab.NewStr();
-                                             QbeGen.DeclStr(s, q)
+                                             QbeGen.DeclStr(s, q);
+                                             (* a literal's value IS its
+                                                static descriptor address *)
+                                             QbeGen.NoteAddr(q, q)
                                            END; .)
     | Design<dt, dk, qd, qn, sfx>       (. called := FALSE;
                                            t := dt;
@@ -1656,7 +1664,8 @@ PRODUCTIONS
                                                  SymTab.ProcUid(qn), qm0);
                                                QbeGen.CallBegin(qm0,
                                                  SymTab.ProcRes(qn),
-                                                 SymTab.ProcDepthOf(qn));
+                                                 SymTab.ProcDepthOf(qn),
+                                                 SymTab.IsExternal(qn));
                                                QbeGen.CallEnd(TRUE, q);
                                                t := SymTab.ProcRes(qn)
                                              ELSE SemError(230)

+ 1172 - 1163
compiler/src/M2.lst

@@ -596,1184 +596,1193 @@ Listing:
   579        ( "FORWARD"                       (. SymTab.MarkFwd;
   580                                             SymTab.CloseProc;
   581                                             QbeGen.AbortFunc; .)
-  582        |                                 (. QbeGen.EndFuncHeader; .)
-  583          Block<pn>                       (. SymTab.CloseProc;
-  584                                             QbeGen.EndFunc(
-  585                                               SymTab.ProcRes(pn)); .) ) .
-  586    Block<pn: SymTab.Name>                (. VAR m2: SymTab.Name; .)
-  587      = DeclSeq
-  588        [ "BEGIN"
-  589          [ StatSeq ] ]
-  590        "END"
-  591        GetIdent<m2>                      (. IF ~SymTab.Equal(pn, m2) THEN
-  592                                               SemError(202) END; .) .
-  593    StatSeq
-  594      = Statement { ";" Statement } .
-  595    Statement                             (. VAR lx: QbeGen.QVal; .)
-  596      = AssOrCall
-  597      | IfStat
-  598      | WhileStat
-  599      | RepeatStat
-  600      | LoopStat
-  601      | ForStat
-  602      | CaseStat
-  603      | WithStat
-  604      | ReturnStat
-  605      | NewStat
-  606      | DisposeStat
-  607      | "EXIT"                            (. IF QbeGen.TopLoop(lx) THEN
-  608                                               QbeGen.Jmp(lx)
-  609                                             ELSE SemError(230) END; .) .
-  610    (* NEW/DISPOSE as builtin statements (no call syntax until step 4).
-  611       Targets are pointer designators; DISPOSE nils afterwards (safer
-  612       than Wirth-undefined; documented). DISPOSE is shallow. *)
-  613    NewStat                               (. VAR dt: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  614                                               dk: INTEGER;
-  615                                               qd, qm: QbeGen.QVal;
-  616                                               qn: SymTab.Name;
-  617                                               sfx: BOOLEAN;
-  618                                               bt: SymTab.TypeIndex; .)
-  619      = "NEW" "(" Design<dt, dk, qd, qn, sfx> ")"
-  620                                          (. IF dt = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
-  621                                             ELSIF (dk # SymTab.KindVar)
-  622                                                & (dk # SymTab.KindParam)
-  623                                                & (dk # SymTab.KindField) THEN
-  624                                               SemError(210)
-  625                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) #
-  626                                                   SymTab.ClPtr THEN
-  627                                               SemError(219)
-  628                                             ELSE bt := SymTab.PtrBase(dt);
-  629                                               IF bt #
-  630                                                  SymTab.InvalidType THEN
-  631                                                 QbeGen.NewHeap(bt, qm);
-  632                                                 QbeGen.InitHeap(qm, bt);
-  633                                                 IF sfx
-  634                                                    OR (dk =
-  635                                                       SymTab.KindField) THEN
-  636                                                   QbeGen.ElemStore(qd, qm,
-  637                                                     dt)
-  638                                                 ELSE QbeGen.StorePtr(qn,
-  639                                                   qm)
-  640                                                 END
-  641                                               END
-  642                                             END; .) .
-  643    DisposeStat                           (. VAR dt: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  644                                               dk: INTEGER;
-  645                                               qd, qv: QbeGen.QVal;
-  646                                               qn: SymTab.Name;
-  647                                               sfx: BOOLEAN; .)
-  648      = "DISPOSE" "(" Design<dt, dk, qd, qn, sfx> ")"
-  649                                          (. IF dt = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
-  650                                             ELSIF (dk # SymTab.KindVar)
-  651                                                & (dk # SymTab.KindParam)
-  652                                                & (dk # SymTab.KindField) THEN
-  653                                               SemError(210)
-  654                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) #
-  655                                                   SymTab.ClPtr THEN
-  656                                               SemError(219)
-  657                                             ELSE
-  658                                               IF sfx
-  659                                                  OR (dk =
-  660                                                     SymTab.KindField) THEN
-  661                                                 QbeGen.ElemLoad(qd, dt,
-  662                                                   qv)
-  663                                               ELSE QbeGen.LoadPtr(qn, qv)
-  664                                               END;
-  665                                               QbeGen.FreeHeap(qv);
-  666                                               IF sfx
-  667                                                  OR (dk =
-  668                                                     SymTab.KindField) THEN
-  669                                                 QbeGen.ElemStore(qd, "0",
-  670                                                   dt)
-  671                                               ELSE QbeGen.StorePtr(qn,
-  672                                                 "0")
-  673                                               END
-  674                                             END; .) .
-  675    (* WITH pushes each record's fields (inner wins) plus its base
-  676       address; field designators resolve through both stacks. *)
-  677    WithStat                              (. VAR nW: CARDINAL; .)
-  678      = "WITH"                            (. nW := 0; .)
-  679        WithItem<nW> { "," WithItem<nW> }
-  680        "DO" StatSeq "END"
-  681                                          (. WHILE nW > 0 DO
-  682                                               SymTab.PopScope;
-  683                                               QbeGen.PopWith;
-  684                                               DEC(nW)
-  685                                             END; .) .
-  686    WithItem<VAR nW: CARDINAL>            (. VAR dt: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  687                                               dk: INTEGER;
-  688                                               qd, qe: QbeGen.QVal;
-  689                                               qn: SymTab.Name;
-  690                                               sfx: BOOLEAN; .)
-  691      = Design<dt, dk, qd, qn, sfx>
-  692                                          (. IF dt = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
-  693                                             ELSIF (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) #
-  694                                                    SymTab.ClRecord)
-  695                                                & (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) #
-  696                                                   SymTab.ClClass) THEN
-  697                                               SemError(215)
-  698                                             ELSIF SymTab.PushRecord(dt) THEN
-  699                                               QbeGen.PushWith(qd);
-  700                                               INC(nW)
-  701                                             END; .) .
-  702    (* Assignment or procedure-statement call (4.1, module level).
-  703       Bare `P;` is a syntax error; function-as-statement is 233. *)
-  704    AssOrCall                             (. VAR dt, et: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  705                                               dk: INTEGER;
-  706                                               qd, qe, qt: QbeGen.QVal;
-  707                                               qn: SymTab.Name;
-  708                                               ct2, res0: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  709                                               q2, mg0: QbeGen.QVal;
-  710                                               isR, conv: BOOLEAN;
-  711                                               called, sfx: BOOLEAN; .)
-  712      = Design<dt, dk, qd, qn, sfx>
-  713        ( ":="
-  714          Expr<et, qe>                    (. IF (dt # SymTab.InvalidType)
-  715                                             & (dk # SymTab.KindVar)
-  716                                             & (dk # SymTab.KindParam)
-  717                                             & (dk # SymTab.KindField) THEN
-  718                                             SemError(210)
-  719                                           ELSIF ~SymTab.Assignable(et,
-  720                                                    dt) THEN
+  582        | "EXTERNAL"                      (. SymTab.MarkExternal("");
+  583                                             SymTab.CloseProc;
+  584                                             QbeGen.AbortFunc; .)
+  585        |                                 (. QbeGen.EndFuncHeader; .)
+  586          Block<pn>                       (. SymTab.CloseProc;
+  587                                             QbeGen.EndFunc(
+  588                                               SymTab.ProcRes(pn)); .) ) .
+  589    Block<pn: SymTab.Name>                (. VAR m2: SymTab.Name; .)
+  590      = DeclSeq
+  591        [ "BEGIN"
+  592          [ StatSeq ] ]
+  593        "END"
+  594        GetIdent<m2>                      (. IF ~SymTab.Equal(pn, m2) THEN
+  595                                               SemError(202) END; .) .
+  596    StatSeq
+  597      = Statement { ";" Statement } .
+  598    Statement                             (. VAR lx: QbeGen.QVal; .)
+  599      = AssOrCall
+  600      | IfStat
+  601      | WhileStat
+  602      | RepeatStat
+  603      | LoopStat
+  604      | ForStat
+  605      | CaseStat
+  606      | WithStat
+  607      | ReturnStat
+  608      | NewStat
+  609      | DisposeStat
+  610      | "EXIT"                            (. IF QbeGen.TopLoop(lx) THEN
+  611                                               QbeGen.Jmp(lx)
+  612                                             ELSE SemError(230) END; .) .
+  613    (* NEW/DISPOSE as builtin statements (no call syntax until step 4).
+  614       Targets are pointer designators; DISPOSE nils afterwards (safer
+  615       than Wirth-undefined; documented). DISPOSE is shallow. *)
+  616    NewStat                               (. VAR dt: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  617                                               dk: INTEGER;
+  618                                               qd, qm: QbeGen.QVal;
+  619                                               qn: SymTab.Name;
+  620                                               sfx: BOOLEAN;
+  621                                               bt: SymTab.TypeIndex; .)
+  622      = "NEW" "(" Design<dt, dk, qd, qn, sfx> ")"
+  623                                          (. IF dt = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+  624                                             ELSIF (dk # SymTab.KindVar)
+  625                                                & (dk # SymTab.KindParam)
+  626                                                & (dk # SymTab.KindField) THEN
+  627                                               SemError(210)
+  628                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) #
+  629                                                   SymTab.ClPtr THEN
+  630                                               SemError(219)
+  631                                             ELSE bt := SymTab.PtrBase(dt);
+  632                                               IF bt #
+  633                                                  SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+  634                                                 QbeGen.NewHeap(bt, qm);
+  635                                                 QbeGen.InitHeap(qm, bt);
+  636                                                 IF sfx
+  637                                                    OR (dk =
+  638                                                       SymTab.KindField) THEN
+  639                                                   QbeGen.ElemStore(qd, qm,
+  640                                                     dt)
+  641                                                 ELSE QbeGen.StorePtr(qn,
+  642                                                   qm)
+  643                                                 END
+  644                                               END
+  645                                             END; .) .
+  646    DisposeStat                           (. VAR dt: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  647                                               dk: INTEGER;
+  648                                               qd, qv: QbeGen.QVal;
+  649                                               qn: SymTab.Name;
+  650                                               sfx: BOOLEAN; .)
+  651      = "DISPOSE" "(" Design<dt, dk, qd, qn, sfx> ")"
+  652                                          (. IF dt = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+  653                                             ELSIF (dk # SymTab.KindVar)
+  654                                                & (dk # SymTab.KindParam)
+  655                                                & (dk # SymTab.KindField) THEN
+  656                                               SemError(210)
+  657                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) #
+  658                                                   SymTab.ClPtr THEN
+  659                                               SemError(219)
+  660                                             ELSE
+  661                                               IF sfx
+  662                                                  OR (dk =
+  663                                                     SymTab.KindField) THEN
+  664                                                 QbeGen.ElemLoad(qd, dt,
+  665                                                   qv)
+  666                                               ELSE QbeGen.LoadPtr(qn, qv)
+  667                                               END;
+  668                                               QbeGen.FreeHeap(qv);
+  669                                               IF sfx
+  670                                                  OR (dk =
+  671                                                     SymTab.KindField) THEN
+  672                                                 QbeGen.ElemStore(qd, "0",
+  673                                                   dt)
+  674                                               ELSE QbeGen.StorePtr(qn,
+  675                                                 "0")
+  676                                               END
+  677                                             END; .) .
+  678    (* WITH pushes each record's fields (inner wins) plus its base
+  679       address; field designators resolve through both stacks. *)
+  680    WithStat                              (. VAR nW: CARDINAL; .)
+  681      = "WITH"                            (. nW := 0; .)
+  682        WithItem<nW> { "," WithItem<nW> }
+  683        "DO" StatSeq "END"
+  684                                          (. WHILE nW > 0 DO
+  685                                               SymTab.PopScope;
+  686                                               QbeGen.PopWith;
+  687                                               DEC(nW)
+  688                                             END; .) .
+  689    WithItem<VAR nW: CARDINAL>            (. VAR dt: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  690                                               dk: INTEGER;
+  691                                               qd, qe: QbeGen.QVal;
+  692                                               qn: SymTab.Name;
+  693                                               sfx: BOOLEAN; .)
+  694      = Design<dt, dk, qd, qn, sfx>
+  695                                          (. IF dt = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+  696                                             ELSIF (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) #
+  697                                                    SymTab.ClRecord)
+  698                                                & (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) #
+  699                                                   SymTab.ClClass) THEN
+  700                                               SemError(215)
+  701                                             ELSIF SymTab.PushRecord(dt) THEN
+  702                                               QbeGen.PushWith(qd);
+  703                                               INC(nW)
+  704                                             END; .) .
+  705    (* Assignment or procedure-statement call (4.1, module level).
+  706       Bare `P;` is a syntax error; function-as-statement is 233. *)
+  707    AssOrCall                             (. VAR dt, et: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  708                                               dk: INTEGER;
+  709                                               qd, qe, qt: QbeGen.QVal;
+  710                                               qn: SymTab.Name;
+  711                                               ct2, res0: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  712                                               q2, mg0: QbeGen.QVal;
+  713                                               isR, conv: BOOLEAN;
+  714                                               called, sfx: BOOLEAN; .)
+  715      = Design<dt, dk, qd, qn, sfx>
+  716        ( ":="
+  717          Expr<et, qe>                    (. IF (dt # SymTab.InvalidType)
+  718                                             & (dk # SymTab.KindVar)
+  719                                             & (dk # SymTab.KindParam)
+  720                                             & (dk # SymTab.KindField) THEN
   721                                             SemError(210)
-  722                                           ELSIF (dt # SymTab.InvalidType)
-  723                                              & (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
-  724                                                 SymTab.ClClass) THEN
-  725                                             SemError(230) END;
-  726                                           isR := (dt #
-  727                                                   SymTab.InvalidType)
-  728                                                  & (SymTab.ClassOf(dt)
-  729                                                     = SymTab.ClReal);
-  730                                           conv := isR
-  731                                                   & SymTab.IsIntFamily(et);
-  732                                           IF ((dk = SymTab.KindVar)
-  733                                               OR (dk = SymTab.KindParam)
-  734                                               OR (dk = SymTab.KindField))
-  735                                              & (dt # SymTab.InvalidType)
-  736                                              & (et # SymTab.InvalidType)
-  737                                              & (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) #
-  738                                                 SymTab.ClClass) THEN
-  739                                             IF sfx
-  740                                                OR (dk = SymTab.KindField) THEN
-  741                                               IF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
-  742                                                  SymTab.ClArray THEN
-  743                                                 QbeGen.CopyArray(qd, qe,
-  744                                                   dt)
-  745                                               ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
-  746                                                   SymTab.ClSet THEN
-  747                                                 QbeGen.CopySet(qd, qe,
-  748                                                   SymTab.SetWords(dt),
-  749                                                   SymTab.SetWords(et))
-  750                                               ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
-  751                                                   SymTab.ClRecord THEN
-  752                                                 QbeGen.CopyRecord(qd, qe,
-  753                                                   dt)
-  754                                               ELSIF conv THEN
-  755                                                 QbeGen.ConvIR(qe, qt);
-  756                                                 QbeGen.ElemStore(qd, qt,
-  757                                                   dt)
-  758                                               ELSE QbeGen.ElemStore(qd, qe,
-  759                                                 dt)
-  760                                               END
-  761                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
-  762                                                   SymTab.ClArray THEN
-  763                                               QbeGen.CopyArray(qd, qe, dt)
+  722                                           ELSIF ~SymTab.Assignable(et,
+  723                                                    dt) THEN
+  724                                             SemError(210)
+  725                                           ELSIF (dt # SymTab.InvalidType)
+  726                                              & (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
+  727                                                 SymTab.ClClass) THEN
+  728                                             SemError(230) END;
+  729                                           isR := (dt #
+  730                                                   SymTab.InvalidType)
+  731                                                  & (SymTab.ClassOf(dt)
+  732                                                     = SymTab.ClReal);
+  733                                           conv := isR
+  734                                                   & SymTab.IsIntFamily(et);
+  735                                           IF ((dk = SymTab.KindVar)
+  736                                               OR (dk = SymTab.KindParam)
+  737                                               OR (dk = SymTab.KindField))
+  738                                              & (dt # SymTab.InvalidType)
+  739                                              & (et # SymTab.InvalidType)
+  740                                              & (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) #
+  741                                                 SymTab.ClClass) THEN
+  742                                             IF sfx
+  743                                                OR (dk = SymTab.KindField) THEN
+  744                                               IF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
+  745                                                  SymTab.ClArray THEN
+  746                                                 QbeGen.CopyArray(qd, qe,
+  747                                                   dt)
+  748                                               ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
+  749                                                   SymTab.ClSet THEN
+  750                                                 QbeGen.CopySet(qd, qe,
+  751                                                   SymTab.SetWords(dt),
+  752                                                   SymTab.SetWords(et))
+  753                                               ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
+  754                                                   SymTab.ClRecord THEN
+  755                                                 QbeGen.CopyRecord(qd, qe,
+  756                                                   dt)
+  757                                               ELSIF conv THEN
+  758                                                 QbeGen.ConvIR(qe, qt);
+  759                                                 QbeGen.ElemStore(qd, qt,
+  760                                                   dt)
+  761                                               ELSE QbeGen.ElemStore(qd, qe,
+  762                                                 dt)
+  763                                               END
   764                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
-  765                                                   SymTab.ClSet THEN
-  766                                               QbeGen.CopySet(qd, qe,
-  767                                                 SymTab.SetWords(dt),
-  768                                                 SymTab.SetWords(et))
-  769                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
-  770                                                   SymTab.ClRecord THEN
-  771                                               QbeGen.CopyRecord(qd, qe, dt)
+  765                                                   SymTab.ClArray THEN
+  766                                               QbeGen.CopyArray(qd, qe, dt)
+  767                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
+  768                                                   SymTab.ClSet THEN
+  769                                               QbeGen.CopySet(qd, qe,
+  770                                                 SymTab.SetWords(dt),
+  771                                                 SymTab.SetWords(et))
   772                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
-  773                                                   SymTab.ClPtr THEN
-  774                                               QbeGen.StorePtr(qn, qe)
-  775                                             ELSIF conv THEN
-  776                                               QbeGen.ConvIR(qe, qt);
-  777                                               QbeGen.StoreVar(qn, qt, TRUE)
-  778                                             ELSE
-  779                                               QbeGen.StoreVar(qn, qe, isR)
-  780                                             END
-  781                                           END; .)
-  782        | ArgList<qn, FALSE, ct2, q2, called>
-  783        |                                 (* bare `P;`: proper parameterless
-  784                                              procedure call; anything else
-  785                                              here is 233 (was a bare syntax
-  786                                              error before 4.2) *)
-  787                                          (. IF (dk = SymTab.KindProc)
-  788                                               & ~sfx THEN
-  789                                               res0 := SymTab.ProcRes(qn);
-  790                                               IF res0 #
-  791                                                  SymTab.InvalidType THEN
-  792                                                 SemError(233)
-  793                                               ELSIF SymTab.ProcNPar(qn) #
-  794                                                       0 THEN
+  773                                                   SymTab.ClRecord THEN
+  774                                               QbeGen.CopyRecord(qd, qe, dt)
+  775                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
+  776                                                   SymTab.ClPtr THEN
+  777                                               QbeGen.StorePtr(qn, qe)
+  778                                             ELSIF conv THEN
+  779                                               QbeGen.ConvIR(qe, qt);
+  780                                               QbeGen.StoreVar(qn, qt, TRUE)
+  781                                             ELSE
+  782                                               QbeGen.StoreVar(qn, qe, isR)
+  783                                             END
+  784                                           END; .)
+  785        | ArgList<qn, FALSE, ct2, q2, called>
+  786        |                                 (* bare `P;`: proper parameterless
+  787                                              procedure call; anything else
+  788                                              here is 233 (was a bare syntax
+  789                                              error before 4.2) *)
+  790                                          (. IF (dk = SymTab.KindProc)
+  791                                               & ~sfx THEN
+  792                                               res0 := SymTab.ProcRes(qn);
+  793                                               IF res0 #
+  794                                                  SymTab.InvalidType THEN
   795                                                 SemError(233)
-  796                                               ELSE QbeGen.Mangled(qn,
-  797                                                 SymTab.ProcUid(qn), mg0);
-  798                                                 QbeGen.CallBegin(mg0,
-  799                                                   res0,
-  800                                                   SymTab.ProcDepthOf(qn));
-  801                                                 QbeGen.CallEnd(FALSE, q2)
-  802                                               END
-  803                                             ELSE SemError(233)
-  804                                             END; .) ) .
-  805    (* Actual-parameter list shared by statement and expression calls.
-  806       want selects CallEnd's result handling; t/q carry the call
-  807       value (statement calls discard). Arity/type failures are 233;
-  808       evaluation code still emits so the .ssa stays assembleable. *)
-  809    ArgList<pn: SymTab.Name; want: BOOLEAN;
-  810            VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR q: QbeGen.QVal;
-  811            VAR called: BOOLEAN>          (. VAR i: CARDINAL;
-  812                                               res: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  813                                               mg: QbeGen.QVal;
-  814                                               ok: BOOLEAN; .)
-  815      = "("                               (. called := TRUE;
-  816                                             res := SymTab.ProcRes(pn);
-  817                                             ok := TRUE;
-  818                                             IF SymTab.SymKind(pn) #
-  819                                                SymTab.KindProc THEN
-  820                                               SemError(233); ok := FALSE
-  821                                             ELSE QbeGen.Mangled(pn,
-  822                                               SymTab.ProcUid(pn), mg);
-  823                                               QbeGen.CallBegin(mg, res,
-  824                                                 SymTab.ProcDepthOf(pn))
-  825                                             END;
-  826                                             i := 0; .)
-  827        [ ActParam<pn, i>                  (. INC(i); .)
-  828          { "," ActParam<pn, i>            (. INC(i); .) } ]
-  829        ")"                               (. IF ok THEN
-  830                                               IF i #
-  831                                                  SymTab.ProcNPar(pn) THEN
-  832                                                 SemError(233); ok := FALSE
-  833                                               END
-  834                                             END;
-  835                                             IF ~ok THEN
-  836                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType;
-  837                                               QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
-  838                                             ELSIF want THEN
-  839                                               IF res =
-  840                                                  SymTab.InvalidType THEN
-  841                                                 SemError(233);
-  842                                                 t := SymTab.InvalidType;
-  843                                                 QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
-  844                                               ELSE t := res;
-  845                                                 QbeGen.CallEnd(TRUE, q)
-  846                                               END
-  847                                             ELSE
-  848                                               IF res #
-  849                                                  SymTab.InvalidType THEN
-  850                                                 SemError(233)
-  851                                               END;
-  852                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType;
-  853                                               QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q);
-  854                                               QbeGen.CallEnd(FALSE, q)
-  855                                             END; .) .
-  856    (* One actual: VAR formals take recorded designator addresses
-  857       (233 otherwise); value formals take converted expressions. *)
-  858    ActParam<pn: SymTab.Name; i: CARDINAL>(. VAR at, ft: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  859                                               qe, qa, qt: QbeGen.QVal;
-  860                                               isV, conv: BOOLEAN; .)
-  861      = Expr<at, qe>                      (. ft := SymTab.ParamType(pn, i);
-  862                                             isV := SymTab.ParamIsVar(pn, i);
-  863                                             IF (at = SymTab.InvalidType)
-  864                                                OR (ft =
-  865                                                   SymTab.InvalidType) THEN
-  866                                             ELSIF isV THEN
-  867                                               IF ~QbeGen.AddrOfVal(qe,
-  868                                                    qa) THEN
-  869                                                 SemError(233)
-  870                                               ELSIF ~SymTab.VarParamOk(at,
-  871                                                        ft) THEN
-  872                                                 SemError(233)
-  873                                               ELSIF ~QbeGen.CallArg(qa,
-  874                                                        "l") THEN
-  875                                                 SemError(233)
-  876                                               END
-  877                                             ELSE
-  878                                               IF ~SymTab.Assignable(at,
-  879                                                    ft) THEN
+  796                                               ELSIF SymTab.ProcNPar(qn) #
+  797                                                       0 THEN
+  798                                                 SemError(233)
+  799                                               ELSE QbeGen.Mangled(qn,
+  800                                                 SymTab.ProcUid(qn), mg0);
+  801                                                 QbeGen.CallBegin(mg0,
+  802                                                   res0,
+  803                                                   SymTab.ProcDepthOf(qn),
+  804                                                   SymTab.IsExternal(qn));
+  805                                                 QbeGen.CallEnd(FALSE, q2)
+  806                                               END
+  807                                             ELSE SemError(233)
+  808                                             END; .) ) .
+  809    (* Actual-parameter list shared by statement and expression calls.
+  810       want selects CallEnd's result handling; t/q carry the call
+  811       value (statement calls discard). Arity/type failures are 233;
+  812       evaluation code still emits so the .ssa stays assembleable. *)
+  813    ArgList<pn: SymTab.Name; want: BOOLEAN;
+  814            VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR q: QbeGen.QVal;
+  815            VAR called: BOOLEAN>          (. VAR i: CARDINAL;
+  816                                               res: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  817                                               mg: QbeGen.QVal;
+  818                                               ok: BOOLEAN; .)
+  819      = "("                               (. called := TRUE;
+  820                                             res := SymTab.ProcRes(pn);
+  821                                             ok := TRUE;
+  822                                             IF SymTab.SymKind(pn) #
+  823                                                SymTab.KindProc THEN
+  824                                               SemError(233); ok := FALSE
+  825                                             ELSE QbeGen.Mangled(pn,
+  826                                               SymTab.ProcUid(pn), mg);
+  827                                               QbeGen.CallBegin(mg, res,
+  828                                                 SymTab.ProcDepthOf(pn),
+  829                                                 SymTab.IsExternal(pn))
+  830                                             END;
+  831                                             i := 0; .)
+  832        [ ActParam<pn, i>                  (. INC(i); .)
+  833          { "," ActParam<pn, i>            (. INC(i); .) } ]
+  834        ")"                               (. IF ok THEN
+  835                                               IF i #
+  836                                                  SymTab.ProcNPar(pn) THEN
+  837                                                 SemError(233); ok := FALSE
+  838                                               END
+  839                                             END;
+  840                                             IF ~ok THEN
+  841                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType;
+  842                                               QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+  843                                             ELSIF want THEN
+  844                                               IF res =
+  845                                                  SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+  846                                                 SemError(233);
+  847                                                 t := SymTab.InvalidType;
+  848                                                 QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+  849                                               ELSE t := res;
+  850                                                 QbeGen.CallEnd(TRUE, q)
+  851                                               END
+  852                                             ELSE
+  853                                               IF res #
+  854                                                  SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+  855                                                 SemError(233)
+  856                                               END;
+  857                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType;
+  858                                               QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q);
+  859                                               QbeGen.CallEnd(FALSE, q)
+  860                                             END; .) .
+  861    (* One actual: VAR formals take recorded designator addresses
+  862       (233 otherwise); value formals take converted expressions. *)
+  863    ActParam<pn: SymTab.Name; i: CARDINAL>(. VAR at, ft: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  864                                               qe, qa, qt: QbeGen.QVal;
+  865                                               isV, conv: BOOLEAN; .)
+  866      = Expr<at, qe>                      (. ft := SymTab.ParamType(pn, i);
+  867                                             isV := SymTab.ParamIsVar(pn, i);
+  868                                             IF (at = SymTab.InvalidType)
+  869                                                OR (ft =
+  870                                                   SymTab.InvalidType) THEN
+  871                                             ELSIF isV THEN
+  872                                               IF ~QbeGen.AddrOfVal(qe,
+  873                                                    qa) THEN
+  874                                                 SemError(233)
+  875                                               ELSIF ~SymTab.VarParamOk(at,
+  876                                                        ft) THEN
+  877                                                 SemError(233)
+  878                                               ELSIF ~QbeGen.CallArg(qa,
+  879                                                        "l") THEN
   880                                                 SemError(233)
-  881                                               ELSE
-  882                                                 conv := (SymTab.ClassOf(
-  883                                                   ft) = SymTab.ClReal)
-  884                                                   & SymTab.IsIntFamily(at);
-  885                                                 IF conv THEN
-  886                                                   QbeGen.ConvIR(qe, qt);
-  887                                                   IF ~QbeGen.CallArg(qt,
-  888                                                      "d") THEN
-  889                                                     SemError(233)
-  890                                                   END
-  891                                                 ELSIF ~QbeGen.CallArg(qe,
-  892                                                   QbeGen.ArgClass(ft)) THEN
-  893                                                   SemError(233)
-  894                                                 END
-  895                                               END
-  896                                             END; .) .
-  897    IfStat                                (. VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  898                                               q, lThen, lElse, lEnd:
-  899                                                 QbeGen.QVal;
-  900                                               hasElse: BOOLEAN; .)
-  901      = "IF"                              (. hasElse := FALSE; .)
-  902        Expr<t, q>                        (. IF ~SymTab.BoolCheck(t) THEN
-  903                                               SemError(214) END;
-  904                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lThen);
-  905                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lElse);
-  906                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lEnd);
-  907                                             QbeGen.Jnz(q, lThen, lElse);
-  908                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lThen); .)
-  909        "THEN" StatSeq                    (. QbeGen.Jmp(lEnd); .)
-  910        { "ELSIF"                         (. QbeGen.EmitLabel(lElse);
-  911                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lElse); .)
-  912          Expr<t, q>                      (. IF ~SymTab.BoolCheck(t) THEN
-  913                                               SemError(214) END;
-  914                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lThen);
-  915                                             QbeGen.Jnz(q, lThen, lElse);
-  916                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lThen); .)
-  917          "THEN" StatSeq                  (. QbeGen.Jmp(lEnd); .) }
-  918        [ "ELSE"                          (. QbeGen.EmitLabel(lElse);
-  919                                             hasElse := TRUE; .)
-  920          StatSeq ]
-  921        "END"                             (. IF hasElse THEN
-  922                                               QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd)
-  923                                             ELSE QbeGen.EmitLabel(lElse);
-  924                                               QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd)
-  925                                             END; .) .
-  926    WhileStat                             (. VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  927                                               q, lTop, lBody, lEnd:
-  928                                                 QbeGen.QVal; .)
-  929      = "WHILE"                           (. QbeGen.NewLabel(lTop);
-  930                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lBody);
-  931                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lEnd);
-  932                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lTop); .)
-  933        Expr<t, q>                        (. IF ~SymTab.BoolCheck(t) THEN
-  934                                               SemError(214) END;
-  935                                             QbeGen.Jnz(q, lBody, lEnd);
-  936                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lBody); .)
-  937        "DO" StatSeq                      (. QbeGen.Jmp(lTop); .)
-  938        "END"                             (. QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd); .) .
-  939    RepeatStat                            (. VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  940                                               q, lTop, lEnd: QbeGen.QVal; .)
-  941      = "REPEAT"                          (. QbeGen.NewLabel(lTop);
-  942                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lEnd);
-  943                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lTop); .)
-  944        StatSeq
-  945        "UNTIL" Expr<t, q>                (. IF ~SymTab.BoolCheck(t) THEN
-  946                                               SemError(214) END;
-  947                                             QbeGen.Jnz(q, lEnd, lTop);
-  948                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd); .) .
-  949    LoopStat                              (. VAR lTop, lEnd: QbeGen.QVal; .)
-  950      = "LOOP"                            (. QbeGen.NewLabel(lTop);
-  951                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lEnd);
-  952                                             QbeGen.PushLoop(lEnd);
-  953                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lTop); .)
-  954        StatSeq
-  955        "END"                             (. QbeGen.Jmp(lTop);
-  956                                             QbeGen.PopLoop;
-  957                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd); .) .
-  958    (* FOR with static-sign BY (literal, non-zero; 220 otherwise).
-  959       Runtime direction would need a compare-select; the literal
-  960       sign picks cslew/csegew at "DO" time. *)
-  961    ForStat                               (. VAR lv: SymTab.Name;
-  962                                               tlo, thi, tby:
-  963                                                 SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  964                                               qlo, qhi, qby, qt, qk, qb:
-  965                                                 QbeGen.QVal;
-  966                                               lTop, lBody, lEnd:
-  967                                                 QbeGen.QVal;
-  968                                               by: INTEGER;
-  969                                               ok: BOOLEAN; .)
-  970      = "FOR"                             (. by := 1; .)
-  971        GetIdent<lv>                      (. ok := SymTab.Lookup(lv);
-  972                                             IF ~ok THEN
-  973                                               SemError(201)
-  974                                             ELSIF (SymTab.SymKind(lv) #
-  975                                                    SymTab.KindVar)
-  976                                                & (SymTab.SymKind(lv) #
-  977                                                   SymTab.KindParam) THEN
-  978                                               SemError(220); ok := FALSE
-  979                                             ELSIF ~SymTab.IsIntFamily(
-  980                                                     SymTab.SymType(lv)) THEN
-  981                                               SemError(220); ok := FALSE
-  982                                             END; .)
-  983        ":=" Expr<tlo, qlo>               (. IF ~SymTab.IsIntFamily(tlo) THEN
-  984                                               SemError(220); ok := FALSE
-  985                                             END; .)
-  986        "TO" Expr<thi, qhi>               (. IF ~SymTab.IsIntFamily(thi) THEN
-  987                                               SemError(220); ok := FALSE
-  988                                             END; .)
-  989        [ "BY" Expr<tby, qby>             (. IF (tby #
-  990                                               SymTab.InvalidType)
-  991                                              & ~SymTab.IsIntFamily(tby) THEN
+  881                                               END
+  882                                             ELSE
+  883                                               IF ~SymTab.Assignable(at,
+  884                                                    ft) THEN
+  885                                                 SemError(233)
+  886                                               ELSE
+  887                                                 conv := (SymTab.ClassOf(
+  888                                                   ft) = SymTab.ClReal)
+  889                                                   & SymTab.IsIntFamily(at);
+  890                                                 IF conv THEN
+  891                                                   QbeGen.ConvIR(qe, qt);
+  892                                                   IF ~QbeGen.CallArg(qt,
+  893                                                      "d") THEN
+  894                                                     SemError(233)
+  895                                                   END
+  896                                                 ELSIF ~QbeGen.CallArg(qe,
+  897                                                   QbeGen.ArgClass(ft)) THEN
+  898                                                   SemError(233)
+  899                                                 END
+  900                                               END
+  901                                             END; .) .
+  902    IfStat                                (. VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  903                                               q, lThen, lElse, lEnd:
+  904                                                 QbeGen.QVal;
+  905                                               hasElse: BOOLEAN; .)
+  906      = "IF"                              (. hasElse := FALSE; .)
+  907        Expr<t, q>                        (. IF ~SymTab.BoolCheck(t) THEN
+  908                                               SemError(214) END;
+  909                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lThen);
+  910                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lElse);
+  911                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lEnd);
+  912                                             QbeGen.Jnz(q, lThen, lElse);
+  913                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lThen); .)
+  914        "THEN" StatSeq                    (. QbeGen.Jmp(lEnd); .)
+  915        { "ELSIF"                         (. QbeGen.EmitLabel(lElse);
+  916                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lElse); .)
+  917          Expr<t, q>                      (. IF ~SymTab.BoolCheck(t) THEN
+  918                                               SemError(214) END;
+  919                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lThen);
+  920                                             QbeGen.Jnz(q, lThen, lElse);
+  921                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lThen); .)
+  922          "THEN" StatSeq                  (. QbeGen.Jmp(lEnd); .) }
+  923        [ "ELSE"                          (. QbeGen.EmitLabel(lElse);
+  924                                             hasElse := TRUE; .)
+  925          StatSeq ]
+  926        "END"                             (. IF hasElse THEN
+  927                                               QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd)
+  928                                             ELSE QbeGen.EmitLabel(lElse);
+  929                                               QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd)
+  930                                             END; .) .
+  931    WhileStat                             (. VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  932                                               q, lTop, lBody, lEnd:
+  933                                                 QbeGen.QVal; .)
+  934      = "WHILE"                           (. QbeGen.NewLabel(lTop);
+  935                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lBody);
+  936                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lEnd);
+  937                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lTop); .)
+  938        Expr<t, q>                        (. IF ~SymTab.BoolCheck(t) THEN
+  939                                               SemError(214) END;
+  940                                             QbeGen.Jnz(q, lBody, lEnd);
+  941                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lBody); .)
+  942        "DO" StatSeq                      (. QbeGen.Jmp(lTop); .)
+  943        "END"                             (. QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd); .) .
+  944    RepeatStat                            (. VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  945                                               q, lTop, lEnd: QbeGen.QVal; .)
+  946      = "REPEAT"                          (. QbeGen.NewLabel(lTop);
+  947                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lEnd);
+  948                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lTop); .)
+  949        StatSeq
+  950        "UNTIL" Expr<t, q>                (. IF ~SymTab.BoolCheck(t) THEN
+  951                                               SemError(214) END;
+  952                                             QbeGen.Jnz(q, lEnd, lTop);
+  953                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd); .) .
+  954    LoopStat                              (. VAR lTop, lEnd: QbeGen.QVal; .)
+  955      = "LOOP"                            (. QbeGen.NewLabel(lTop);
+  956                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lEnd);
+  957                                             QbeGen.PushLoop(lEnd);
+  958                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lTop); .)
+  959        StatSeq
+  960        "END"                             (. QbeGen.Jmp(lTop);
+  961                                             QbeGen.PopLoop;
+  962                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd); .) .
+  963    (* FOR with static-sign BY (literal, non-zero; 220 otherwise).
+  964       Runtime direction would need a compare-select; the literal
+  965       sign picks cslew/csegew at "DO" time. *)
+  966    ForStat                               (. VAR lv: SymTab.Name;
+  967                                               tlo, thi, tby:
+  968                                                 SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  969                                               qlo, qhi, qby, qt, qk, qb:
+  970                                                 QbeGen.QVal;
+  971                                               lTop, lBody, lEnd:
+  972                                                 QbeGen.QVal;
+  973                                               by: INTEGER;
+  974                                               ok: BOOLEAN; .)
+  975      = "FOR"                             (. by := 1; .)
+  976        GetIdent<lv>                      (. ok := SymTab.Lookup(lv);
+  977                                             IF ~ok THEN
+  978                                               SemError(201)
+  979                                             ELSIF (SymTab.SymKind(lv) #
+  980                                                    SymTab.KindVar)
+  981                                                & (SymTab.SymKind(lv) #
+  982                                                   SymTab.KindParam) THEN
+  983                                               SemError(220); ok := FALSE
+  984                                             ELSIF ~SymTab.IsIntFamily(
+  985                                                     SymTab.SymType(lv)) THEN
+  986                                               SemError(220); ok := FALSE
+  987                                             END; .)
+  988        ":=" Expr<tlo, qlo>               (. IF ~SymTab.IsIntFamily(tlo) THEN
+  989                                               SemError(220); ok := FALSE
+  990                                             END; .)
+  991        "TO" Expr<thi, qhi>               (. IF ~SymTab.IsIntFamily(thi) THEN
   992                                               SemError(220); ok := FALSE
-  993                                             END;
-  994                                             IF ~SymTab.ConstInt(qby, by) THEN
-  995                                               SemError(230); by := 1
-  996                                             ELSIF by = 0 THEN
-  997                                               SemError(220); by := 1
-  998                                             END; .) ]
-  999        "DO"                              (. IF ok THEN
- 1000                                               QbeGen.StoreVar(lv, qlo,
- 1001                                                 FALSE) END;
- 1002                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lTop);
- 1003                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lBody);
- 1004                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lEnd);
- 1005                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lTop);
- 1006                                             QbeGen.LoadVar(lv, FALSE, qt);
- 1007                                             QbeGen.NewTemp(qk);
- 1008                                             IF by > 0 THEN
- 1009                                               QbeGen.Op3("cslew", qk,
- 1010                                                 qt, qhi, FALSE)
- 1011                                             ELSE QbeGen.Op3("csgew", qk,
- 1012                                               qt, qhi, FALSE)
- 1013                                             END;
- 1014                                             QbeGen.Jnz(qk, lBody, lEnd);
- 1015                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lBody); .)
- 1016        StatSeq
- 1017        "END"                             (. IF ok THEN
- 1018                                               QbeGen.LoadVar(lv, FALSE,
- 1019                                                 qt);
- 1020                                               QbeGen.IntStr(by, qb);
- 1021                                               QbeGen.NewTemp(qk);
- 1022                                               QbeGen.Op3("add", qk,
- 1023                                                 qt, qb, FALSE);
- 1024                                               QbeGen.StoreVar(lv, qk,
- 1025                                                 FALSE) END;
- 1026                                             QbeGen.Jmp(lTop);
- 1027                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd); .) .
- 1028    CaseStat                              (. VAR tsel: SymTab.TypeIndex;
- 1029                                               qsel, lEnd: QbeGen.QVal; .)
- 1030      = "CASE" Expr<tsel, qsel>           (. QbeGen.NewLabel(lEnd); .)
- 1031        "OF" CaseAlt<tsel, qsel, lEnd>
- 1032        { "|" CaseAlt<tsel, qsel, lEnd> }
- 1033        [ "ELSE" StatSeq ]
- 1034        "END"                             (. QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd); .) .
- 1035    (* Compare-chain lowering: each alternative ends its match-tests
- 1036       with "jmp lAfter", so the no-match fallthrough skips the body:
- 1037       "cmp; jnz(lBody,lF); lF: ... ; jmp lAfter; lBody: S; jmp lEnd;
- 1038       lAfter:". Falls into the next alternative, ELSE, or END. *)
- 1039    CaseAlt<tsel: SymTab.TypeIndex; qsel: QbeGen.QVal;
- 1040            lEnd: QbeGen.QVal>            (. VAR lBody, lAfter: QbeGen.QVal; .)
- 1041      =                                   (. QbeGen.NewLabel(lBody);
- 1042                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lAfter); .)
- 1043        CaseLabel<tsel, qsel, lBody>
- 1044        { "," CaseLabel<tsel, qsel, lBody> }
- 1045        ":"                               (. QbeGen.Jmp(lAfter);
- 1046                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lBody); .)
- 1047        StatSeq                           (. QbeGen.Jmp(lEnd);
- 1048                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lAfter); .) .
- 1049    CaseLabel<tsel: SymTab.TypeIndex; qsel: QbeGen.QVal;
- 1050              lBody: QbeGen.QVal>         (. VAR t2, t3: SymTab.TypeIndex;
- 1051                                               q2, q3, qc, qd, qe:
- 1052                                                 QbeGen.QVal;
- 1053                                               lNext: QbeGen.QVal; .)
- 1054      = Expr<t2, q2>                      (. IF (t2 #
- 1055                                               SymTab.InvalidType)
- 1056                                              & (tsel #
- 1057                                                 SymTab.InvalidType)
- 1058                                              & ((SymTab.ClassOf(t2) =
- 1059                                                  SymTab.ClSet)
- 1060                                                 OR (SymTab.ClassOf(tsel) =
- 1061                                                     SymTab.ClSet)) THEN
- 1062                                               SemError(230)
- 1063                                             ELSIF (t2 #
- 1064                                               SymTab.InvalidType)
- 1065                                              & (tsel #
- 1066                                                 SymTab.InvalidType)
- 1067                                              & ~SymTab.EqCheck(t2,
- 1068                                                   tsel) THEN
- 1069                                               SemError(213) END;
- 1070                                             IF ~QbeGen.IsImm(q2) THEN
- 1071                                               SemError(230);
- 1072                                               QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q2)
- 1073                                             END;
- 1074                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lNext);
- 1075                                             QbeGen.Cmp(SymTab.OpEq,
- 1076                                               qsel, q2, qc, FALSE);
- 1077                                             QbeGen.Jnz(qc, lBody, lNext);
- 1078                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lNext); .)
- 1079        [ ".." Expr<t3, q3>               (. IF (t3 #
- 1080                                               SymTab.InvalidType)
- 1081                                              & (tsel #
- 1082                                                 SymTab.InvalidType)
- 1083                                              & ~SymTab.EqCheck(t3,
- 1084                                                   tsel) THEN
- 1085                                               SemError(213) END;
- 1086                                             IF ~QbeGen.IsImm(q3) THEN
- 1087                                               SemError(230);
- 1088                                               QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q3)
- 1089                                             END;
- 1090                                             QbeGen.Cmp(SymTab.OpGe,
- 1091                                               qsel, q2, qc, FALSE);
- 1092                                             QbeGen.Cmp(SymTab.OpLe,
- 1093                                               qsel, q3, qd, FALSE);
- 1094                                             QbeGen.NewTemp(qe);
- 1095                                             QbeGen.Op3("and", qe, qc, qd,
- 1096                                               FALSE);
- 1097                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lNext);
- 1098                                             QbeGen.Jnz(qe, lBody, lNext);
- 1099                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lNext); .) ] .
- 1100    ReturnStat                            (. VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex;
- 1101                                               q, qt: QbeGen.QVal;
- 1102                                               res: SymTab.TypeIndex;
- 1103                                               hadE, conv: BOOLEAN; .)
- 1104      = "RETURN"                          (. hadE := FALSE; .)
- 1105        [ Expr<t, q>                      (. hadE := TRUE; .) ]
- 1106                                          (. conv := FALSE;
- 1107                                             IF ~SymTab.InProc() THEN
- 1108                                               SemError(232)
- 1109                                             ELSE res := SymTab.CurRes();
- 1110                                               IF ~hadE THEN
- 1111                                                 IF res #
- 1112                                                    SymTab.InvalidType THEN
- 1113                                                   SemError(232)
- 1114                                                 ELSE QbeGen.EmitRet(q,
- 1115                                                   FALSE)
- 1116                                                 END
- 1117                                               ELSIF (res =
- 1118                                                      SymTab.InvalidType)
- 1119                                                  OR (t #
- 1120                                                      SymTab.InvalidType)
- 1121                                                  & ~SymTab.Assignable(t,
- 1122                                                       res) THEN
- 1123                                                 SemError(232)
- 1124                                               ELSE
- 1125                                                 conv := (SymTab.ClassOf(
- 1126                                                   res) = SymTab.ClReal)
- 1127                                                   & SymTab.IsIntFamily(t);
- 1128                                                 IF conv THEN
- 1129                                                   QbeGen.ConvIR(q, qt);
- 1130                                                   QbeGen.EmitRet(qt, TRUE)
- 1131                                                 ELSE QbeGen.EmitRet(q, TRUE)
- 1132                                                 END
- 1133                                               END
- 1134                                             END; .) .
- 1135    (* Designator: scalar loads, array addresses, and index suffixes.
- 1136       Each index descends one level (bounds-checked, trap on breach);
- 1137       nested levels reload the inner descriptor address. q ends as the
- 1138       value (scalars), the descriptor address (plain arrays), or the
- 1139       element address (indexed); sfx marks the indexed form. *)
- 1140    Design<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR k: INTEGER;
- 1141           VAR q: QbeGen.QVal; VAR qn: SymTab.Name; VAR sfx: BOOLEAN>
- 1142                                          (. VAR n, fn: SymTab.Name;
- 1143                                               cls: INTEGER;
- 1144                                               curT, it, eT, bt:
- 1145                                                 SymTab.TypeIndex;
- 1146                                               iq, ql, qlo, qhi, qe:
- 1147                                                 QbeGen.QVal;
- 1148                                               lo, hi: INTEGER;
- 1149                                               fo: INTEGER;
- 1150                                               isOpen: BOOLEAN;
- 1151                                               qb: QbeGen.QVal; .)
- 1152      = GetIdent<n>                       (. QbeGen.CopyOp(n, qn);
- 1153                                             sfx := FALSE;
- 1154                                             IF ~SymTab.Lookup(n) THEN
- 1155                                               SemError(201);
- 1156                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType;
- 1157                                               k := -1;
- 1158                                               QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1159                                             ELSE
- 1160                                               t := SymTab.SymType(n);
- 1161                                               k := SymTab.SymKind(n);
- 1162                                               IF k = SymTab.KindConst THEN
- 1163                                                 IF SymTab.Equal(n,
- 1164                                                    "TRUE") THEN
- 1165                                                   t := SymTab.BoolType();
- 1166                                                   QbeGen.CopyOp("1", q)
- 1167                                                 ELSIF SymTab.Equal(n,
- 1168                                                    "FALSE") THEN
- 1169                                                   t := SymTab.BoolType();
- 1170                                                   QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1171                                                 ELSIF SymTab.Equal(n,
- 1172                                                    "NIL") THEN
- 1173                                                   QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1174                                                 ELSE
- 1175                                                   cls :=
- 1176                                                     SymTab.ClassOf(t);
- 1177                                                   IF (t #
- 1178                                                       SymTab.InvalidType)
- 1179                                                      & ((cls = SymTab.ClInt)
- 1180                                                      OR (cls
- 1181                                                          = SymTab.ClChar)
- 1182                                                      OR (cls
- 1183                                                          = SymTab.ClReal)
- 1184                                                      OR (cls
- 1185                                                          = SymTab.ClNil)) THEN
- 1186                                                     IF cls = SymTab.ClNil THEN
- 1187                                                       QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1188                                                     ELSE
- 1189                                                       QbeGen.LoadVar(n,
- 1190                                                         cls = SymTab.ClReal,
- 1191                                                         q)
- 1192                                                     END
- 1193                                                   ELSE
- 1194                                                     IF t #
- 1195                                                        SymTab.InvalidType THEN
- 1196                                                       SemError(230)
- 1197                                                     END;
- 1198                                                     QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1199                                                   END
- 1200                                                 END
- 1201                                               ELSIF (k = SymTab.KindVar)
- 1202                                                  OR (k = SymTab.KindParam) THEN
- 1203                                                 cls :=
- 1204                                                   SymTab.ClassOf(t);
- 1205                                                 IF (cls = SymTab.ClInt)
- 1206                                                    OR (cls = SymTab.ClBool)
- 1207                                                    OR (cls = SymTab.ClChar)
- 1208                                                    OR (cls
- 1209                                                        = SymTab.ClReal) THEN
- 1210                                                   QbeGen.LoadVar(n,
- 1211                                                     cls = SymTab.ClReal, q)
- 1212                                                 ELSIF cls = SymTab.ClPtr THEN
- 1213                                                   QbeGen.LoadPtr(n, q)
- 1214                                                 ELSIF (cls
- 1215                                                         = SymTab.ClArray)
- 1216                                                    OR (cls
- 1217                                                        = SymTab.ClSet)
- 1218                                                    OR (cls
- 1219                                                        = SymTab.ClRecord)
- 1220                                                    OR (cls
- 1221                                                        = SymTab.ClClass) THEN
- 1222                                                   QbeGen.AddrOf(n, q)
- 1223                                                 ELSE SemError(230);
- 1224                                                   QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1225                                                 END
- 1226                                               ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q);
- 1227                                                 IF k = SymTab.KindImport THEN
- 1228                                                   SemError(230)
- 1229                                                 ELSIF k =
- 1230                                                    SymTab.KindProc THEN
- 1231                                                   (* bare procedure name:
- 1232                                                      a following ArgList
- 1233                                                      makes it a call;
- 1234                                                      otherwise Fact
- 1235                                                      reports 230 *)
- 1236                                                 ELSE
- 1237                                                   IF k = SymTab.KindField THEN
- 1238                                                     IF QbeGen.TopWith(qb) THEN
- 1239                                                       fo :=
- 1240                                                         SymTab.FieldOffset(
- 1241                                                         SymTab.FieldOwner(n),
- 1242                                                         n);
- 1243                                                       QbeGen.FieldAddr(qb,
- 1244                                                         fo, q);
- 1245                                                       sfx := TRUE
- 1246                                                     ELSE SemError(230);
- 1247                                                       QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1248                                                     END
- 1249                                                   END
- 1250                                                 END
- 1251                                               END
- 1252                                             END; .)
- 1253        { "[" Expr<it, iq>
- 1254                                          (. IF t = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
- 1255                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(t) #
- 1256                                                   SymTab.ClArray THEN
- 1257                                               SemError(217);
- 1258                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
- 1259                                             ELSIF ~SymTab.IsIntFamily(it)
- 1260                                                & (SymTab.ClassOf(it) #
- 1261                                                   SymTab.ClChar) THEN
- 1262                                               SemError(218);
+  993                                             END; .)
+  994        [ "BY" Expr<tby, qby>             (. IF (tby #
+  995                                               SymTab.InvalidType)
+  996                                              & ~SymTab.IsIntFamily(tby) THEN
+  997                                               SemError(220); ok := FALSE
+  998                                             END;
+  999                                             IF ~SymTab.ConstInt(qby, by) THEN
+ 1000                                               SemError(230); by := 1
+ 1001                                             ELSIF by = 0 THEN
+ 1002                                               SemError(220); by := 1
+ 1003                                             END; .) ]
+ 1004        "DO"                              (. IF ok THEN
+ 1005                                               QbeGen.StoreVar(lv, qlo,
+ 1006                                                 FALSE) END;
+ 1007                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lTop);
+ 1008                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lBody);
+ 1009                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lEnd);
+ 1010                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lTop);
+ 1011                                             QbeGen.LoadVar(lv, FALSE, qt);
+ 1012                                             QbeGen.NewTemp(qk);
+ 1013                                             IF by > 0 THEN
+ 1014                                               QbeGen.Op3("cslew", qk,
+ 1015                                                 qt, qhi, FALSE)
+ 1016                                             ELSE QbeGen.Op3("csgew", qk,
+ 1017                                               qt, qhi, FALSE)
+ 1018                                             END;
+ 1019                                             QbeGen.Jnz(qk, lBody, lEnd);
+ 1020                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lBody); .)
+ 1021        StatSeq
+ 1022        "END"                             (. IF ok THEN
+ 1023                                               QbeGen.LoadVar(lv, FALSE,
+ 1024                                                 qt);
+ 1025                                               QbeGen.IntStr(by, qb);
+ 1026                                               QbeGen.NewTemp(qk);
+ 1027                                               QbeGen.Op3("add", qk,
+ 1028                                                 qt, qb, FALSE);
+ 1029                                               QbeGen.StoreVar(lv, qk,
+ 1030                                                 FALSE) END;
+ 1031                                             QbeGen.Jmp(lTop);
+ 1032                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd); .) .
+ 1033    CaseStat                              (. VAR tsel: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+ 1034                                               qsel, lEnd: QbeGen.QVal; .)
+ 1035      = "CASE" Expr<tsel, qsel>           (. QbeGen.NewLabel(lEnd); .)
+ 1036        "OF" CaseAlt<tsel, qsel, lEnd>
+ 1037        { "|" CaseAlt<tsel, qsel, lEnd> }
+ 1038        [ "ELSE" StatSeq ]
+ 1039        "END"                             (. QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd); .) .
+ 1040    (* Compare-chain lowering: each alternative ends its match-tests
+ 1041       with "jmp lAfter", so the no-match fallthrough skips the body:
+ 1042       "cmp; jnz(lBody,lF); lF: ... ; jmp lAfter; lBody: S; jmp lEnd;
+ 1043       lAfter:". Falls into the next alternative, ELSE, or END. *)
+ 1044    CaseAlt<tsel: SymTab.TypeIndex; qsel: QbeGen.QVal;
+ 1045            lEnd: QbeGen.QVal>            (. VAR lBody, lAfter: QbeGen.QVal; .)
+ 1046      =                                   (. QbeGen.NewLabel(lBody);
+ 1047                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lAfter); .)
+ 1048        CaseLabel<tsel, qsel, lBody>
+ 1049        { "," CaseLabel<tsel, qsel, lBody> }
+ 1050        ":"                               (. QbeGen.Jmp(lAfter);
+ 1051                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lBody); .)
+ 1052        StatSeq                           (. QbeGen.Jmp(lEnd);
+ 1053                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lAfter); .) .
+ 1054    CaseLabel<tsel: SymTab.TypeIndex; qsel: QbeGen.QVal;
+ 1055              lBody: QbeGen.QVal>         (. VAR t2, t3: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+ 1056                                               q2, q3, qc, qd, qe:
+ 1057                                                 QbeGen.QVal;
+ 1058                                               lNext: QbeGen.QVal; .)
+ 1059      = Expr<t2, q2>                      (. IF (t2 #
+ 1060                                               SymTab.InvalidType)
+ 1061                                              & (tsel #
+ 1062                                                 SymTab.InvalidType)
+ 1063                                              & ((SymTab.ClassOf(t2) =
+ 1064                                                  SymTab.ClSet)
+ 1065                                                 OR (SymTab.ClassOf(tsel) =
+ 1066                                                     SymTab.ClSet)) THEN
+ 1067                                               SemError(230)
+ 1068                                             ELSIF (t2 #
+ 1069                                               SymTab.InvalidType)
+ 1070                                              & (tsel #
+ 1071                                                 SymTab.InvalidType)
+ 1072                                              & ~SymTab.EqCheck(t2,
+ 1073                                                   tsel) THEN
+ 1074                                               SemError(213) END;
+ 1075                                             IF ~QbeGen.IsImm(q2) THEN
+ 1076                                               SemError(230);
+ 1077                                               QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q2)
+ 1078                                             END;
+ 1079                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lNext);
+ 1080                                             QbeGen.Cmp(SymTab.OpEq,
+ 1081                                               qsel, q2, qc, FALSE);
+ 1082                                             QbeGen.Jnz(qc, lBody, lNext);
+ 1083                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lNext); .)
+ 1084        [ ".." Expr<t3, q3>               (. IF (t3 #
+ 1085                                               SymTab.InvalidType)
+ 1086                                              & (tsel #
+ 1087                                                 SymTab.InvalidType)
+ 1088                                              & ~SymTab.EqCheck(t3,
+ 1089                                                   tsel) THEN
+ 1090                                               SemError(213) END;
+ 1091                                             IF ~QbeGen.IsImm(q3) THEN
+ 1092                                               SemError(230);
+ 1093                                               QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q3)
+ 1094                                             END;
+ 1095                                             QbeGen.Cmp(SymTab.OpGe,
+ 1096                                               qsel, q2, qc, FALSE);
+ 1097                                             QbeGen.Cmp(SymTab.OpLe,
+ 1098                                               qsel, q3, qd, FALSE);
+ 1099                                             QbeGen.NewTemp(qe);
+ 1100                                             QbeGen.Op3("and", qe, qc, qd,
+ 1101                                               FALSE);
+ 1102                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lNext);
+ 1103                                             QbeGen.Jnz(qe, lBody, lNext);
+ 1104                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lNext); .) ] .
+ 1105    ReturnStat                            (. VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+ 1106                                               q, qt: QbeGen.QVal;
+ 1107                                               res: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+ 1108                                               hadE, conv: BOOLEAN; .)
+ 1109      = "RETURN"                          (. hadE := FALSE; .)
+ 1110        [ Expr<t, q>                      (. hadE := TRUE; .) ]
+ 1111                                          (. conv := FALSE;
+ 1112                                             IF ~SymTab.InProc() THEN
+ 1113                                               SemError(232)
+ 1114                                             ELSE res := SymTab.CurRes();
+ 1115                                               IF ~hadE THEN
+ 1116                                                 IF res #
+ 1117                                                    SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+ 1118                                                   SemError(232)
+ 1119                                                 ELSE QbeGen.EmitRet(q,
+ 1120                                                   FALSE)
+ 1121                                                 END
+ 1122                                               ELSIF (res =
+ 1123                                                      SymTab.InvalidType)
+ 1124                                                  OR (t #
+ 1125                                                      SymTab.InvalidType)
+ 1126                                                  & ~SymTab.Assignable(t,
+ 1127                                                       res) THEN
+ 1128                                                 SemError(232)
+ 1129                                               ELSE
+ 1130                                                 conv := (SymTab.ClassOf(
+ 1131                                                   res) = SymTab.ClReal)
+ 1132                                                   & SymTab.IsIntFamily(t);
+ 1133                                                 IF conv THEN
+ 1134                                                   QbeGen.ConvIR(q, qt);
+ 1135                                                   QbeGen.EmitRet(qt, TRUE)
+ 1136                                                 ELSE QbeGen.EmitRet(q, TRUE)
+ 1137                                                 END
+ 1138                                               END
+ 1139                                             END; .) .
+ 1140    (* Designator: scalar loads, array addresses, and index suffixes.
+ 1141       Each index descends one level (bounds-checked, trap on breach);
+ 1142       nested levels reload the inner descriptor address. q ends as the
+ 1143       value (scalars), the descriptor address (plain arrays), or the
+ 1144       element address (indexed); sfx marks the indexed form. *)
+ 1145    Design<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR k: INTEGER;
+ 1146           VAR q: QbeGen.QVal; VAR qn: SymTab.Name; VAR sfx: BOOLEAN>
+ 1147                                          (. VAR n, fn: SymTab.Name;
+ 1148                                               cls: INTEGER;
+ 1149                                               curT, it, eT, bt:
+ 1150                                                 SymTab.TypeIndex;
+ 1151                                               iq, ql, qlo, qhi, qe:
+ 1152                                                 QbeGen.QVal;
+ 1153                                               lo, hi: INTEGER;
+ 1154                                               fo: INTEGER;
+ 1155                                               isOpen: BOOLEAN;
+ 1156                                               qb: QbeGen.QVal; .)
+ 1157      = GetIdent<n>                       (. QbeGen.CopyOp(n, qn);
+ 1158                                             sfx := FALSE;
+ 1159                                             IF ~SymTab.Lookup(n) THEN
+ 1160                                               SemError(201);
+ 1161                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType;
+ 1162                                               k := -1;
+ 1163                                               QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1164                                             ELSE
+ 1165                                               t := SymTab.SymType(n);
+ 1166                                               k := SymTab.SymKind(n);
+ 1167                                               IF k = SymTab.KindConst THEN
+ 1168                                                 IF SymTab.Equal(n,
+ 1169                                                    "TRUE") THEN
+ 1170                                                   t := SymTab.BoolType();
+ 1171                                                   QbeGen.CopyOp("1", q)
+ 1172                                                 ELSIF SymTab.Equal(n,
+ 1173                                                    "FALSE") THEN
+ 1174                                                   t := SymTab.BoolType();
+ 1175                                                   QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1176                                                 ELSIF SymTab.Equal(n,
+ 1177                                                    "NIL") THEN
+ 1178                                                   QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1179                                                 ELSE
+ 1180                                                   cls :=
+ 1181                                                     SymTab.ClassOf(t);
+ 1182                                                   IF (t #
+ 1183                                                       SymTab.InvalidType)
+ 1184                                                      & ((cls = SymTab.ClInt)
+ 1185                                                      OR (cls
+ 1186                                                          = SymTab.ClChar)
+ 1187                                                      OR (cls
+ 1188                                                          = SymTab.ClReal)
+ 1189                                                      OR (cls
+ 1190                                                          = SymTab.ClNil)) THEN
+ 1191                                                     IF cls = SymTab.ClNil THEN
+ 1192                                                       QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1193                                                     ELSE
+ 1194                                                       QbeGen.LoadVar(n,
+ 1195                                                         cls = SymTab.ClReal,
+ 1196                                                         q)
+ 1197                                                     END
+ 1198                                                   ELSE
+ 1199                                                     IF t #
+ 1200                                                        SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+ 1201                                                       SemError(230)
+ 1202                                                     END;
+ 1203                                                     QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1204                                                   END
+ 1205                                                 END
+ 1206                                               ELSIF (k = SymTab.KindVar)
+ 1207                                                  OR (k = SymTab.KindParam) THEN
+ 1208                                                 cls :=
+ 1209                                                   SymTab.ClassOf(t);
+ 1210                                                 IF (cls = SymTab.ClInt)
+ 1211                                                    OR (cls = SymTab.ClBool)
+ 1212                                                    OR (cls = SymTab.ClChar)
+ 1213                                                    OR (cls
+ 1214                                                        = SymTab.ClReal) THEN
+ 1215                                                   QbeGen.LoadVar(n,
+ 1216                                                     cls = SymTab.ClReal, q)
+ 1217                                                 ELSIF cls = SymTab.ClPtr THEN
+ 1218                                                   QbeGen.LoadPtr(n, q)
+ 1219                                                 ELSIF (cls
+ 1220                                                         = SymTab.ClArray)
+ 1221                                                    OR (cls
+ 1222                                                        = SymTab.ClSet)
+ 1223                                                    OR (cls
+ 1224                                                        = SymTab.ClRecord)
+ 1225                                                    OR (cls
+ 1226                                                        = SymTab.ClClass) THEN
+ 1227                                                   QbeGen.AddrOf(n, q)
+ 1228                                                 ELSE SemError(230);
+ 1229                                                   QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1230                                                 END
+ 1231                                               ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q);
+ 1232                                                 IF k = SymTab.KindImport THEN
+ 1233                                                   SemError(230)
+ 1234                                                 ELSIF k =
+ 1235                                                    SymTab.KindProc THEN
+ 1236                                                   (* bare procedure name:
+ 1237                                                      a following ArgList
+ 1238                                                      makes it a call;
+ 1239                                                      otherwise Fact
+ 1240                                                      reports 230 *)
+ 1241                                                 ELSE
+ 1242                                                   IF k = SymTab.KindField THEN
+ 1243                                                     IF QbeGen.TopWith(qb) THEN
+ 1244                                                       fo :=
+ 1245                                                         SymTab.FieldOffset(
+ 1246                                                         SymTab.FieldOwner(n),
+ 1247                                                         n);
+ 1248                                                       QbeGen.FieldAddr(qb,
+ 1249                                                         fo, q);
+ 1250                                                       sfx := TRUE
+ 1251                                                     ELSE SemError(230);
+ 1252                                                       QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1253                                                     END
+ 1254                                                   END
+ 1255                                                 END
+ 1256                                               END
+ 1257                                             END; .)
+ 1258        { "[" Expr<it, iq>
+ 1259                                          (. IF t = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+ 1260                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(t) #
+ 1261                                                   SymTab.ClArray THEN
+ 1262                                               SemError(217);
  1263                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
- 1264                                             ELSE
- 1265                                               QbeGen.WidenIndex(iq, ql);
- 1266                                               isOpen :=
- 1267                                                 SymTab.IsOpenArray(t);
- 1268                                               IF isOpen THEN
- 1269                                                 QbeGen.CopyOp("0", qlo);
- 1270                                                 QbeGen.OpenHi(q, qhi)
- 1271                                               ELSE
- 1272                                                 lo := SymTab.ArrayLo(t);
- 1273                                                 hi := SymTab.ArrayHi(t);
- 1274                                                 QbeGen.IntStr(lo, qlo);
- 1275                                                 QbeGen.IntStr(hi, qhi)
- 1276                                               END;
- 1277                                               QbeGen.CheckRange(ql, qlo,
- 1278                                                 qhi);
- 1279                                               eT := SymTab.ArrayElem(t);
- 1280                                               QbeGen.ElemAddr(q, ql, qlo,
- 1281                                                 t, qe);
- 1282                                               IF SymTab.ClassOf(eT) =
- 1283                                                  SymTab.ClArray THEN
- 1284                                                 QbeGen.ElemLoad(qe, eT, q)
- 1285                                               ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp(qe, q)
- 1286                                               END;
- 1287                                               t := eT; sfx := TRUE
- 1288                                             END; .)
- 1289          { "," Expr<it, iq>
- 1290                                          (. IF t = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
- 1291                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(t) #
- 1292                                                   SymTab.ClArray THEN
- 1293                                               SemError(217);
- 1294                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
- 1295                                             ELSIF ~SymTab.IsIntFamily(it)
- 1296                                                & (SymTab.ClassOf(it) #
- 1297                                                   SymTab.ClChar) THEN
- 1298                                               SemError(218);
+ 1264                                             ELSIF ~SymTab.IsIntFamily(it)
+ 1265                                                & (SymTab.ClassOf(it) #
+ 1266                                                   SymTab.ClChar) THEN
+ 1267                                               SemError(218);
+ 1268                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
+ 1269                                             ELSE
+ 1270                                               QbeGen.WidenIndex(iq, ql);
+ 1271                                               isOpen :=
+ 1272                                                 SymTab.IsOpenArray(t);
+ 1273                                               IF isOpen THEN
+ 1274                                                 QbeGen.CopyOp("0", qlo);
+ 1275                                                 QbeGen.OpenHi(q, qhi)
+ 1276                                               ELSE
+ 1277                                                 lo := SymTab.ArrayLo(t);
+ 1278                                                 hi := SymTab.ArrayHi(t);
+ 1279                                                 QbeGen.IntStr(lo, qlo);
+ 1280                                                 QbeGen.IntStr(hi, qhi)
+ 1281                                               END;
+ 1282                                               QbeGen.CheckRange(ql, qlo,
+ 1283                                                 qhi);
+ 1284                                               eT := SymTab.ArrayElem(t);
+ 1285                                               QbeGen.ElemAddr(q, ql, qlo,
+ 1286                                                 t, qe);
+ 1287                                               IF SymTab.ClassOf(eT) =
+ 1288                                                  SymTab.ClArray THEN
+ 1289                                                 QbeGen.ElemLoad(qe, eT, q)
+ 1290                                               ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp(qe, q)
+ 1291                                               END;
+ 1292                                               t := eT; sfx := TRUE
+ 1293                                             END; .)
+ 1294          { "," Expr<it, iq>
+ 1295                                          (. IF t = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+ 1296                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(t) #
+ 1297                                                   SymTab.ClArray THEN
+ 1298                                               SemError(217);
  1299                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
- 1300                                             ELSE
- 1301                                               QbeGen.WidenIndex(iq, ql);
- 1302                                               isOpen :=
- 1303                                                 SymTab.IsOpenArray(t);
- 1304                                               IF isOpen THEN
- 1305                                                 QbeGen.CopyOp("0", qlo);
- 1306                                                 QbeGen.OpenHi(q, qhi)
- 1307                                               ELSE
- 1308                                                 lo := SymTab.ArrayLo(t);
- 1309                                                 hi := SymTab.ArrayHi(t);
- 1310                                                 QbeGen.IntStr(lo, qlo);
- 1311                                                 QbeGen.IntStr(hi, qhi)
- 1312                                               END;
- 1313                                               QbeGen.CheckRange(ql, qlo,
- 1314                                                 qhi);
- 1315                                               eT := SymTab.ArrayElem(t);
- 1316                                               QbeGen.ElemAddr(q, ql, qlo,
- 1317                                                 t, qe);
- 1318                                               IF SymTab.ClassOf(eT) =
- 1319                                                  SymTab.ClArray THEN
- 1320                                                 QbeGen.ElemLoad(qe, eT, q)
- 1321                                               ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp(qe, q)
- 1322                                               END;
- 1323                                               t := eT; sfx := TRUE
- 1324                                             END; .) }
- 1325          "]"
- 1326        | "." GetIdent<fn>
- 1327                                          (. IF k = SymTab.KindModule THEN
- 1328                                               (* qualified L.x: materialize
- 1329                                                  the export, then load it *)
- 1330                                               IF ~SymTab.Materialize(n,
- 1331                                                    fn) THEN
- 1332                                                 SemError(201);
- 1333                                                 t := SymTab.InvalidType;
- 1334                                                 QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1335                                               ELSE
- 1336                                                 QbeGen.CopyOp(fn, qn);
- 1337                                                 t := SymTab.SymType(fn);
- 1338                                                 k := SymTab.SymKind(fn);
- 1339                                                 sfx := FALSE;
- 1340                                                 IF k = SymTab.KindProc THEN
- 1341                                                   (* call: ArgList supplies
- 1342                                                      the value *)
- 1343                                                   QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1344                                                 ELSIF ~QbeGen.LoadDesignator(
- 1345                                                      fn, t, k, q) THEN
- 1346                                                   SemError(230);
- 1347                                                   QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1348                                                 END
- 1349                                               END
- 1350                                             ELSIF t = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
- 1351                                             ELSIF (SymTab.ClassOf(t) #
- 1352                                                    SymTab.ClRecord)
- 1353                                                & (SymTab.ClassOf(t) #
- 1354                                                   SymTab.ClClass) THEN
- 1355                                               SemError(215);
- 1356                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
- 1357                                             ELSIF ~SymTab.FieldExists(t,
- 1358                                                      fn) THEN
- 1359                                               SemError(216);
- 1360                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
- 1361                                             ELSE
- 1362                                               fo := SymTab.FieldOffset(t,
- 1363                                                 fn);
- 1364                                               t := SymTab.FieldType(t, fn);
- 1365                                               QbeGen.FieldAddr(q, fo, qe);
- 1366                                               IF SymTab.ClassOf(t) =
- 1367                                                  SymTab.ClArray THEN
- 1368                                                 QbeGen.ElemLoad(qe, t, q)
- 1369                                               ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp(qe, q)
- 1370                                               END;
- 1371                                               sfx := TRUE
- 1372                                             END; .)
- 1373        | "^"
- 1374                                          (. IF t = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
- 1375                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(t) #
- 1376                                                   SymTab.ClPtr THEN
- 1377                                               SemError(219);
- 1378                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
- 1379                                             ELSE
- 1380                                               bt := SymTab.PtrBase(t);
- 1381                                               IF bt = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
- 1382                                               ELSE
- 1383                                                 IF sfx THEN
- 1384                                                   QbeGen.ElemLoad(q, t,
- 1385                                                     qb);
- 1386                                                   QbeGen.CopyOp(qb, q)
- 1387                                                 END;
- 1388                                                 t := bt;
- 1389                                                 IF (SymTab.ClassOf(bt) =
- 1390                                                    SymTab.ClInt)
- 1391                                                    OR (SymTab.ClassOf(bt) =
- 1392                                                        SymTab.ClBool)
- 1393                                                    OR (SymTab.ClassOf(bt) =
- 1394                                                        SymTab.ClChar)
- 1395                                                    OR (SymTab.ClassOf(bt) =
- 1396                                                        SymTab.ClReal) THEN
- 1397                                                   sfx := TRUE
- 1398                                                 ELSE sfx := FALSE
- 1399                                                 END
- 1400                                               END
- 1401                                             END; .) } .
- 1402    Expr<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR q: QbeGen.QVal>
- 1403                                          (. VAR t2: SymTab.TypeIndex;
- 1404                                               op: INTEGER;
- 1405                                               q2, qt: QbeGen.QVal;
- 1406                                               isR: BOOLEAN; .)
- 1407      = SimExpr<t, q>
- 1408        [ Rel<op> SimExpr<t2, q2>
- 1409          (. IF op = SymTab.OpIn THEN
- 1410               IF SymTab.InCheck(t, t2) THEN
- 1411                 IF (t = SymTab.InvalidType)
- 1412                    OR (t2 = SymTab.InvalidType) THEN
- 1413                   t := SymTab.BoolType(); QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1414                 ELSE
- 1415                   QbeGen.InSet(q, q2, SymTab.SetBaseLo(t2),
- 1416                     SymTab.SetCount(t2), qt);
- 1417                   t := SymTab.BoolType(); QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
- 1418                 END
- 1419               ELSE SemError(222); t := SymTab.InvalidType;
- 1420                 QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1421               END
- 1422             ELSIF SymTab.RelCheck(t, t2, op) THEN
- 1423               IF (t = SymTab.InvalidType)
- 1424                  OR (t2 = SymTab.InvalidType) THEN
- 1425                 t := SymTab.BoolType(); QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1426               ELSIF (SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClPtr)
- 1427                  OR (SymTab.ClassOf(t2) = SymTab.ClPtr) THEN
- 1428                 IF (op # SymTab.OpEq) & (op # SymTab.OpNeq1)
- 1429                    & (op # SymTab.OpNeq2) THEN
- 1430                   SemError(213); t := SymTab.InvalidType;
- 1431                   QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1432                 ELSE
- 1433                   QbeGen.CmpL(op, q, q2, qt);
- 1434                   t := SymTab.BoolType(); QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
- 1435                 END
- 1436               ELSIF (SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClSet)
- 1437                  OR (SymTab.ClassOf(t2) = SymTab.ClSet) THEN
- 1438                 QbeGen.CmpSet(op, q, q2,
- 1439                   SymTab.SetWords(t), SymTab.SetWords(t2), qt);
- 1440                 t := SymTab.BoolType(); QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
- 1441               ELSE
- 1442                 isR := SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClReal;
- 1443                 t := SymTab.BoolType();
- 1444                 QbeGen.Cmp(op, q, q2, qt, isR);
- 1445                 QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
- 1446               END
- 1447             ELSE SemError(213); t := SymTab.InvalidType;
- 1448               QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1449             END; .) ] .
- 1450    Rel<VAR op: INTEGER>
- 1451      = "="                               (. op := SymTab.OpEq; .)
- 1452      | "#"                               (. op := SymTab.OpNeq1; .)
- 1453      | "<"                               (. op := SymTab.OpLt; .)
- 1454      | "<="                              (. op := SymTab.OpLe; .)
- 1455      | ">"                               (. op := SymTab.OpGt; .)
- 1456      | ">="                              (. op := SymTab.OpGe; .)
- 1457      | "IN"                              (. op := SymTab.OpIn; .) .
- 1458    SimExpr<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR q: QbeGen.QVal>
- 1459                                          (. VAR t2, res2: SymTab.TypeIndex;
- 1460                                               op: INTEGER;
- 1461                                               q2, qt: QbeGen.QVal;
- 1462                                               neg, isR: BOOLEAN;
- 1463                                               lw, rw, mw: CARDINAL; .)
- 1464      =                                   (. neg := FALSE; .)
- 1465        [ "+" | "-"                       (. neg := TRUE; .) ]
- 1466        Term<t, q>                        (. IF neg THEN
- 1467                                             IF QbeGen.IsImm(q) THEN
- 1468                                               QbeGen.NegFold(q, q)
- 1469                                             ELSE QbeGen.NewTemp(qt);
- 1470                                               QbeGen.NegQ(q, qt,
- 1471                                                 SymTab.ClassOf(t)
- 1472                                                 = SymTab.ClReal);
- 1473                                               QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
- 1474                                             END
- 1475                                           END; .)
- 1476        { AddOp<op> Term<t2, q2>
- 1477          (. IF op = SymTab.OpOr THEN
- 1478               IF SymTab.BoolCheck(t) & SymTab.BoolCheck(t2) THEN
- 1479                 t := SymTab.BoolType()
- 1480               ELSE SemError(212); t := SymTab.InvalidType END;
- 1481               IF t # SymTab.InvalidType THEN
- 1482                 QbeGen.NewTemp(qt);
- 1483                 QbeGen.Op3("or", qt, q, q2, FALSE);
- 1484                 QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
- 1485               ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1486               END
- 1487             ELSIF (t # SymTab.InvalidType) & (t2 # SymTab.InvalidType)
- 1488                & (SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClSet)
- 1489                & (SymTab.ClassOf(t2) = SymTab.ClSet) THEN
- 1490               lw := SymTab.SetWords(t); rw := SymTab.SetWords(t2);
- 1491               mw := lw;
- 1492               IF rw > mw THEN mw := rw END;
- 1493               IF op = SymTab.OpAdd THEN
- 1494                 QbeGen.SetBinOp(0, q, q2, lw, rw, qt)
- 1495               ELSE
- 1496                 QbeGen.SetBinOp(2, q, q2, lw, rw, qt)
- 1497               END;
- 1498               t := SymTab.NewSet(
- 1499                      SymTab.NewSubR(0,
- 1500                        VAL(INTEGER, mw) * 32 - 1));
- 1501               QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
- 1502             ELSE
- 1503               IF SymTab.ArithCheck(t, t2, FALSE, res2) THEN
- 1504                 t := res2
- 1505               ELSE SemError(211); t := SymTab.InvalidType END;
- 1506               isR := SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClReal;
- 1507               IF t # SymTab.InvalidType THEN
- 1508                 QbeGen.NewTemp(qt);
- 1509                 IF op = SymTab.OpAdd THEN
- 1510                   QbeGen.Op3("add", qt, q, q2, isR)
- 1511                 ELSE
- 1512                   QbeGen.Op3("sub", qt, q, q2, isR)
- 1513                 END;
- 1514                 QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
- 1515               ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1516               END
- 1517             END; .) } .
- 1518    AddOp<VAR op: INTEGER>
- 1519      = "+"                               (. op := SymTab.OpAdd; .)
- 1520      | "-"                               (. op := SymTab.OpSub; .)
- 1521      | "OR"                              (. op := SymTab.OpOr; .) .
- 1522    Term<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR q: QbeGen.QVal>
- 1523                                          (. VAR t2, res2: SymTab.TypeIndex;
- 1524                                               op: INTEGER;
- 1525                                               q2, qt: QbeGen.QVal;
- 1526                                               isR: BOOLEAN;
- 1527                                               lw, rw, mw: CARDINAL; .)
- 1528      = Fact<t, q> { MulOp<op> Fact<t2, q2>
- 1529        (. IF op = SymTab.OpAnd THEN
- 1530             IF SymTab.BoolCheck(t) & SymTab.BoolCheck(t2) THEN
- 1531               t := SymTab.BoolType()
- 1532             ELSE SemError(212); t := SymTab.InvalidType END;
- 1533             IF t # SymTab.InvalidType THEN
- 1534               QbeGen.NewTemp(qt);
- 1535               QbeGen.Op3("and", qt, q, q2, FALSE);
- 1536               QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
- 1537             ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1538             END
- 1539           ELSIF (t # SymTab.InvalidType) & (t2 # SymTab.InvalidType)
- 1540              & (SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClSet)
- 1541              & (SymTab.ClassOf(t2) = SymTab.ClSet) THEN
- 1542             lw := SymTab.SetWords(t); rw := SymTab.SetWords(t2);
- 1543             mw := lw;
- 1544             IF rw > mw THEN mw := rw END;
- 1545             IF op = SymTab.OpTimes THEN
- 1546               QbeGen.SetBinOp(1, q, q2, lw, rw, qt)
- 1547             ELSE
- 1548               QbeGen.SetBinOp(3, q, q2, lw, rw, qt)
- 1549             END;
- 1550             t := SymTab.NewSet(
- 1551                    SymTab.NewSubR(0,
- 1552                      VAL(INTEGER, mw) * 32 - 1));
- 1553             QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
- 1554           ELSE
- 1555             IF SymTab.ArithCheck(t, t2,
- 1556                  (op = SymTab.OpDiv) OR (op = SymTab.OpMod),
- 1557                  res2) THEN t := res2
- 1558             ELSE SemError(211); t := SymTab.InvalidType END;
- 1559             isR := SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClReal;
- 1560             IF t # SymTab.InvalidType THEN
- 1561               QbeGen.NewTemp(qt);
- 1562               IF op = SymTab.OpTimes THEN
- 1563                 QbeGen.Op3("mul", qt, q, q2, isR)
- 1564               ELSIF (op = SymTab.OpDiv)
- 1565                  OR (op = SymTab.OpSlash) THEN
- 1566                 QbeGen.Op3("div", qt, q, q2, isR)
- 1567               ELSE
- 1568                 QbeGen.Op3("rem", qt, q, q2, isR)
- 1569               END;
- 1570               QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
- 1571             ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1572             END
- 1573           END; .) } .
- 1574    MulOp<VAR op: INTEGER>
- 1575      = "*"                               (. op := SymTab.OpTimes; .)
- 1576      | "/"                               (. op := SymTab.OpSlash; .)
- 1577      | "DIV"                             (. op := SymTab.OpDiv; .)
- 1578      | "MOD"                             (. op := SymTab.OpMod; .)
- 1579      | "AND"                             (. op := SymTab.OpAnd; .) .
- 1580    Fact<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR q: QbeGen.QVal>
- 1581                                          (. VAR s: ARRAY [0 .. 255] OF CHAR;
- 1582                                               et, dt, t2, st, ct2:
- 1583                                                 SymTab.TypeIndex;
- 1584                                               dk: INTEGER;
- 1585                                               qd, q2, sq, qa, qm0:
- 1586                                                 QbeGen.QVal;
- 1587                                               qn: SymTab.Name;
- 1588                                               called, sfx: BOOLEAN; .)
- 1589      = integer                           (. LexString(s);
- 1590                                             QbeGen.NormInt(s, q);
- 1591                                             t := SymTab.IntType(); .)
- 1592      | real                              (. LexString(s);
- 1593                                             QbeGen.NormReal(s, q);
- 1594                                             t := SymTab.RealType(); .)
- 1595      | string                            (. LexString(s);
- 1596                                             IF SymTab.StrLen(s) = 3 THEN
- 1597                                               t := SymTab.CharType();
- 1598                                               QbeGen.IntStr(
- 1599                                                 QbeGen.CharVal(s), q)
- 1600                                             ELSE t := SymTab.NewStr();
- 1601                                               QbeGen.DeclStr(s, q)
- 1602                                             END; .)
- 1603      | Design<dt, dk, qd, qn, sfx>       (. called := FALSE;
- 1604                                             t := dt;
- 1605                                             IF sfx THEN
- 1606                                               IF dt =
- 1607                                                  SymTab.InvalidType THEN
- 1608                                                 QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1609                                               ELSIF (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
- 1610                                                      SymTab.ClRecord)
- 1611                                                  OR (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
- 1612                                                      SymTab.ClSet)
- 1613                                                  OR (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
- 1614                                                      SymTab.ClClass) THEN
- 1615                                                 QbeGen.CopyOp(qd, q)
- 1616                                               ELSE QbeGen.ElemLoad(qd, dt,
- 1617                                                 q)
- 1618                                               END
- 1619                                             ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp(qd, q)
- 1620                                             END;
- 1621                                             IF (dk = SymTab.KindVar)
- 1622                                                OR (dk = SymTab.KindParam)
- 1623                                                OR (dk =
- 1624                                                   SymTab.KindField) THEN
- 1625                                               IF sfx THEN
- 1626                                                 QbeGen.NoteAddr(q, qd)
- 1627                                               ELSE
- 1628                                                 QbeGen.AddrOf(qn, qa);
- 1629                                                 QbeGen.NoteAddr(q, qa)
- 1630                                               END
- 1631                                             ELSIF sfx
- 1632                                                & (dt #
- 1633                                                   SymTab.InvalidType)
- 1634                                                & ((SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
- 1635                                                    SymTab.ClArray)
- 1636                                                   OR (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
- 1637                                                       SymTab.ClSet)
- 1638                                                   OR (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
- 1639                                                       SymTab.ClRecord)) THEN
- 1640                                               QbeGen.NoteAddr(qd, qd)
- 1641                                             END; .)
- 1642        [ ArgList<qn, TRUE, ct2, q2, called>
- 1643                                          (. t := ct2;
- 1644                                             QbeGen.CopyOp(q2, q); .) ]
- 1645                                          (. IF ~called
- 1646                                               & (dk = SymTab.KindProc) THEN
- 1647                                               (* bare zero-arg function
- 1648                                                  call (parentheses may be
- 1649                                                  omitted); a proper or
- 1650                                                  parameterised proc here
- 1651                                                  is 230 *)
- 1652                                               IF (SymTab.ProcNPar(qn) = 0)
- 1653                                                  & (SymTab.ProcRes(qn) #
- 1654                                                     SymTab.InvalidType) THEN
- 1655                                                 QbeGen.Mangled(qn,
- 1656                                                   SymTab.ProcUid(qn), qm0);
- 1657                                                 QbeGen.CallBegin(qm0,
- 1658                                                   SymTab.ProcRes(qn),
- 1659                                                   SymTab.ProcDepthOf(qn));
- 1660                                                 QbeGen.CallEnd(TRUE, q);
- 1661                                                 t := SymTab.ProcRes(qn)
- 1662                                               ELSE SemError(230)
- 1663                                               END
- 1664                                             END; .)
- 1665      | "(" Expr<et, q> ")"               (. t := et; .)
- 1666      | SetLit<st, sq>                    (. t := st;
- 1667                                             QbeGen.CopyOp(sq, q); .)
- 1668      | "NOT" Fact<t2, q2>                (. IF SymTab.BoolCheck(t2) THEN
- 1669                                               t := SymTab.BoolType()
- 1670                                             ELSE SemError(212);
- 1671                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType END;
- 1672                                             IF t # SymTab.InvalidType THEN
- 1673                                               QbeGen.NotQ(q2, q)
- 1674                                             ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1675                                             END; .) .
- 1676    (* Set literals are SET OF [0..255] (8 words); elements validated
- 1677       0..255 statically when foldable (222 otherwise), runtime trap
- 1678       for computed elements. Ranges always lower via SetRange. *)
- 1679    SetLit<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR q: QbeGen.QVal>
- 1680      = "{"                               (. t := SymTab.NewSet(
- 1681                                               SymTab.NewSubR(0, 255));
- 1682                                             QbeGen.NewSetTemp(8, q);
- 1683                                             QbeGen.SetZero(q, 8); .)
- 1684        [ SetElem<t, q> { "," SetElem<t, q> } ]
- 1685        "}" .
- 1686    SetElem<st: SymTab.TypeIndex; sq: QbeGen.QVal>         (. VAR et, et2: SymTab.TypeIndex;
- 1687                                               qe, q2: QbeGen.QVal;
- 1688                                               v, v2: INTEGER;
- 1689                                               lo: INTEGER;
- 1690                                               span: CARDINAL;
- 1691                                               cl, cl2: INTEGER;
- 1692                                               hasR: BOOLEAN; .)
- 1693      =                                   (. hasR := FALSE; .)
- 1694        Expr<et, qe>
- 1695        [ ".." Expr<et2, q2>              (. hasR := TRUE; .) ]
- 1696                                          (. lo := SymTab.SetBaseLo(st);
- 1697                                             span := SymTab.SetCount(st);
- 1698                                             IF (et = SymTab.InvalidType)
- 1699                                                OR (hasR & (et2 =
- 1700                                                   SymTab.InvalidType)) THEN
- 1701                                             ELSE cl :=
- 1702                                                    SymTab.ClassOf(et);
- 1703                                               IF hasR THEN
- 1704                                                 cl2 :=
- 1705                                                   SymTab.ClassOf(et2)
- 1706                                               ELSE cl2 := SymTab.ClInt
- 1707                                               END;
- 1708                                               IF ((cl # SymTab.ClInt)
- 1709                                                  & (cl # SymTab.ClChar)
- 1710                                                  & (cl # SymTab.ClBool))
- 1711                                                  OR (hasR &
- 1712                                                     ((cl2
- 1713                                                       # SymTab.ClInt)
- 1714                                                     & (cl2
- 1715                                                        # SymTab.ClChar)
- 1716                                                     & (cl2
- 1717                                                        # SymTab.ClBool))) THEN
- 1718                                                 SemError(222)
- 1719                                               ELSIF hasR
- 1720                                                  & SymTab.ConstInt(qe, v)
- 1721                                                  & SymTab.ConstInt(q2,
- 1722                                                     v2)
- 1723                                                  & ((v < lo)
- 1724                                                     OR (v2 < lo)
- 1725                                                     OR (v >= lo +
- 1726                                                        VAL(INTEGER, span))
- 1727                                                     OR (v2 >= lo +
- 1728                                                        VAL(INTEGER, span))
- 1729                                                     OR (v > v2)) THEN
- 1730                                                 SemError(222)
- 1731                                                ELSIF hasR THEN
- 1732                                                  QbeGen.SetRange(sq, qe, q2,
- 1733                                                    lo, span)
- 1734                                                ELSIF SymTab.ConstInt(qe,
- 1735                                                        v)
- 1736                                                   & ((v < lo)
- 1737                                                      OR (v >= lo +
- 1738                                                         VAL(INTEGER,
- 1739                                                           span))) THEN
- 1740                                                  SemError(222)
- 1741                                                ELSE QbeGen.SetBit(sq, qe,
- 1742                                                  lo, span)
- 1743                                               END
- 1744                                             END; .) .
- 1745    GetIdent<VAR n: SymTab.Name>
- 1746      = ident                             (. LexName(n); .) .
- 1747  
- 1748  END M2.
+ 1300                                             ELSIF ~SymTab.IsIntFamily(it)
+ 1301                                                & (SymTab.ClassOf(it) #
+ 1302                                                   SymTab.ClChar) THEN
+ 1303                                               SemError(218);
+ 1304                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
+ 1305                                             ELSE
+ 1306                                               QbeGen.WidenIndex(iq, ql);
+ 1307                                               isOpen :=
+ 1308                                                 SymTab.IsOpenArray(t);
+ 1309                                               IF isOpen THEN
+ 1310                                                 QbeGen.CopyOp("0", qlo);
+ 1311                                                 QbeGen.OpenHi(q, qhi)
+ 1312                                               ELSE
+ 1313                                                 lo := SymTab.ArrayLo(t);
+ 1314                                                 hi := SymTab.ArrayHi(t);
+ 1315                                                 QbeGen.IntStr(lo, qlo);
+ 1316                                                 QbeGen.IntStr(hi, qhi)
+ 1317                                               END;
+ 1318                                               QbeGen.CheckRange(ql, qlo,
+ 1319                                                 qhi);
+ 1320                                               eT := SymTab.ArrayElem(t);
+ 1321                                               QbeGen.ElemAddr(q, ql, qlo,
+ 1322                                                 t, qe);
+ 1323                                               IF SymTab.ClassOf(eT) =
+ 1324                                                  SymTab.ClArray THEN
+ 1325                                                 QbeGen.ElemLoad(qe, eT, q)
+ 1326                                               ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp(qe, q)
+ 1327                                               END;
+ 1328                                               t := eT; sfx := TRUE
+ 1329                                             END; .) }
+ 1330          "]"
+ 1331        | "." GetIdent<fn>
+ 1332                                          (. IF k = SymTab.KindModule THEN
+ 1333                                               (* qualified L.x: materialize
+ 1334                                                  the export, then load it *)
+ 1335                                               IF ~SymTab.Materialize(n,
+ 1336                                                    fn) THEN
+ 1337                                                 SemError(201);
+ 1338                                                 t := SymTab.InvalidType;
+ 1339                                                 QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1340                                               ELSE
+ 1341                                                 QbeGen.CopyOp(fn, qn);
+ 1342                                                 t := SymTab.SymType(fn);
+ 1343                                                 k := SymTab.SymKind(fn);
+ 1344                                                 sfx := FALSE;
+ 1345                                                 IF k = SymTab.KindProc THEN
+ 1346                                                   (* call: ArgList supplies
+ 1347                                                      the value *)
+ 1348                                                   QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1349                                                 ELSIF ~QbeGen.LoadDesignator(
+ 1350                                                      fn, t, k, q) THEN
+ 1351                                                   SemError(230);
+ 1352                                                   QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1353                                                 END
+ 1354                                               END
+ 1355                                             ELSIF t = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+ 1356                                             ELSIF (SymTab.ClassOf(t) #
+ 1357                                                    SymTab.ClRecord)
+ 1358                                                & (SymTab.ClassOf(t) #
+ 1359                                                   SymTab.ClClass) THEN
+ 1360                                               SemError(215);
+ 1361                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
+ 1362                                             ELSIF ~SymTab.FieldExists(t,
+ 1363                                                      fn) THEN
+ 1364                                               SemError(216);
+ 1365                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
+ 1366                                             ELSE
+ 1367                                               fo := SymTab.FieldOffset(t,
+ 1368                                                 fn);
+ 1369                                               t := SymTab.FieldType(t, fn);
+ 1370                                               QbeGen.FieldAddr(q, fo, qe);
+ 1371                                               IF SymTab.ClassOf(t) =
+ 1372                                                  SymTab.ClArray THEN
+ 1373                                                 QbeGen.ElemLoad(qe, t, q)
+ 1374                                               ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp(qe, q)
+ 1375                                               END;
+ 1376                                               sfx := TRUE
+ 1377                                             END; .)
+ 1378        | "^"
+ 1379                                          (. IF t = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+ 1380                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(t) #
+ 1381                                                   SymTab.ClPtr THEN
+ 1382                                               SemError(219);
+ 1383                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
+ 1384                                             ELSE
+ 1385                                               bt := SymTab.PtrBase(t);
+ 1386                                               IF bt = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+ 1387                                               ELSE
+ 1388                                                 IF sfx THEN
+ 1389                                                   QbeGen.ElemLoad(q, t,
+ 1390                                                     qb);
+ 1391                                                   QbeGen.CopyOp(qb, q)
+ 1392                                                 END;
+ 1393                                                 t := bt;
+ 1394                                                 IF (SymTab.ClassOf(bt) =
+ 1395                                                    SymTab.ClInt)
+ 1396                                                    OR (SymTab.ClassOf(bt) =
+ 1397                                                        SymTab.ClBool)
+ 1398                                                    OR (SymTab.ClassOf(bt) =
+ 1399                                                        SymTab.ClChar)
+ 1400                                                    OR (SymTab.ClassOf(bt) =
+ 1401                                                        SymTab.ClReal) THEN
+ 1402                                                   sfx := TRUE
+ 1403                                                 ELSE sfx := FALSE
+ 1404                                                 END
+ 1405                                               END
+ 1406                                             END; .) } .
+ 1407    Expr<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR q: QbeGen.QVal>
+ 1408                                          (. VAR t2: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+ 1409                                               op: INTEGER;
+ 1410                                               q2, qt: QbeGen.QVal;
+ 1411                                               isR: BOOLEAN; .)
+ 1412      = SimExpr<t, q>
+ 1413        [ Rel<op> SimExpr<t2, q2>
+ 1414          (. IF op = SymTab.OpIn THEN
+ 1415               IF SymTab.InCheck(t, t2) THEN
+ 1416                 IF (t = SymTab.InvalidType)
+ 1417                    OR (t2 = SymTab.InvalidType) THEN
+ 1418                   t := SymTab.BoolType(); QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1419                 ELSE
+ 1420                   QbeGen.InSet(q, q2, SymTab.SetBaseLo(t2),
+ 1421                     SymTab.SetCount(t2), qt);
+ 1422                   t := SymTab.BoolType(); QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
+ 1423                 END
+ 1424               ELSE SemError(222); t := SymTab.InvalidType;
+ 1425                 QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1426               END
+ 1427             ELSIF SymTab.RelCheck(t, t2, op) THEN
+ 1428               IF (t = SymTab.InvalidType)
+ 1429                  OR (t2 = SymTab.InvalidType) THEN
+ 1430                 t := SymTab.BoolType(); QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1431               ELSIF (SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClPtr)
+ 1432                  OR (SymTab.ClassOf(t2) = SymTab.ClPtr) THEN
+ 1433                 IF (op # SymTab.OpEq) & (op # SymTab.OpNeq1)
+ 1434                    & (op # SymTab.OpNeq2) THEN
+ 1435                   SemError(213); t := SymTab.InvalidType;
+ 1436                   QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1437                 ELSE
+ 1438                   QbeGen.CmpL(op, q, q2, qt);
+ 1439                   t := SymTab.BoolType(); QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
+ 1440                 END
+ 1441               ELSIF (SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClSet)
+ 1442                  OR (SymTab.ClassOf(t2) = SymTab.ClSet) THEN
+ 1443                 QbeGen.CmpSet(op, q, q2,
+ 1444                   SymTab.SetWords(t), SymTab.SetWords(t2), qt);
+ 1445                 t := SymTab.BoolType(); QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
+ 1446               ELSE
+ 1447                 isR := SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClReal;
+ 1448                 t := SymTab.BoolType();
+ 1449                 QbeGen.Cmp(op, q, q2, qt, isR);
+ 1450                 QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
+ 1451               END
+ 1452             ELSE SemError(213); t := SymTab.InvalidType;
+ 1453               QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1454             END; .) ] .
+ 1455    Rel<VAR op: INTEGER>
+ 1456      = "="                               (. op := SymTab.OpEq; .)
+ 1457      | "#"                               (. op := SymTab.OpNeq1; .)
+ 1458      | "<"                               (. op := SymTab.OpLt; .)
+ 1459      | "<="                              (. op := SymTab.OpLe; .)
+ 1460      | ">"                               (. op := SymTab.OpGt; .)
+ 1461      | ">="                              (. op := SymTab.OpGe; .)
+ 1462      | "IN"                              (. op := SymTab.OpIn; .) .
+ 1463    SimExpr<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR q: QbeGen.QVal>
+ 1464                                          (. VAR t2, res2: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+ 1465                                               op: INTEGER;
+ 1466                                               q2, qt: QbeGen.QVal;
+ 1467                                               neg, isR: BOOLEAN;
+ 1468                                               lw, rw, mw: CARDINAL; .)
+ 1469      =                                   (. neg := FALSE; .)
+ 1470        [ "+" | "-"                       (. neg := TRUE; .) ]
+ 1471        Term<t, q>                        (. IF neg THEN
+ 1472                                             IF QbeGen.IsImm(q) THEN
+ 1473                                               QbeGen.NegFold(q, q)
+ 1474                                             ELSE QbeGen.NewTemp(qt);
+ 1475                                               QbeGen.NegQ(q, qt,
+ 1476                                                 SymTab.ClassOf(t)
+ 1477                                                 = SymTab.ClReal);
+ 1478                                               QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
+ 1479                                             END
+ 1480                                           END; .)
+ 1481        { AddOp<op> Term<t2, q2>
+ 1482          (. IF op = SymTab.OpOr THEN
+ 1483               IF SymTab.BoolCheck(t) & SymTab.BoolCheck(t2) THEN
+ 1484                 t := SymTab.BoolType()
+ 1485               ELSE SemError(212); t := SymTab.InvalidType END;
+ 1486               IF t # SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+ 1487                 QbeGen.NewTemp(qt);
+ 1488                 QbeGen.Op3("or", qt, q, q2, FALSE);
+ 1489                 QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
+ 1490               ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1491               END
+ 1492             ELSIF (t # SymTab.InvalidType) & (t2 # SymTab.InvalidType)
+ 1493                & (SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClSet)
+ 1494                & (SymTab.ClassOf(t2) = SymTab.ClSet) THEN
+ 1495               lw := SymTab.SetWords(t); rw := SymTab.SetWords(t2);
+ 1496               mw := lw;
+ 1497               IF rw > mw THEN mw := rw END;
+ 1498               IF op = SymTab.OpAdd THEN
+ 1499                 QbeGen.SetBinOp(0, q, q2, lw, rw, qt)
+ 1500               ELSE
+ 1501                 QbeGen.SetBinOp(2, q, q2, lw, rw, qt)
+ 1502               END;
+ 1503               t := SymTab.NewSet(
+ 1504                      SymTab.NewSubR(0,
+ 1505                        VAL(INTEGER, mw) * 32 - 1));
+ 1506               QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
+ 1507             ELSE
+ 1508               IF SymTab.ArithCheck(t, t2, FALSE, res2) THEN
+ 1509                 t := res2
+ 1510               ELSE SemError(211); t := SymTab.InvalidType END;
+ 1511               isR := SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClReal;
+ 1512               IF t # SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+ 1513                 QbeGen.NewTemp(qt);
+ 1514                 IF op = SymTab.OpAdd THEN
+ 1515                   QbeGen.Op3("add", qt, q, q2, isR)
+ 1516                 ELSE
+ 1517                   QbeGen.Op3("sub", qt, q, q2, isR)
+ 1518                 END;
+ 1519                 QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
+ 1520               ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1521               END
+ 1522             END; .) } .
+ 1523    AddOp<VAR op: INTEGER>
+ 1524      = "+"                               (. op := SymTab.OpAdd; .)
+ 1525      | "-"                               (. op := SymTab.OpSub; .)
+ 1526      | "OR"                              (. op := SymTab.OpOr; .) .
+ 1527    Term<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR q: QbeGen.QVal>
+ 1528                                          (. VAR t2, res2: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+ 1529                                               op: INTEGER;
+ 1530                                               q2, qt: QbeGen.QVal;
+ 1531                                               isR: BOOLEAN;
+ 1532                                               lw, rw, mw: CARDINAL; .)
+ 1533      = Fact<t, q> { MulOp<op> Fact<t2, q2>
+ 1534        (. IF op = SymTab.OpAnd THEN
+ 1535             IF SymTab.BoolCheck(t) & SymTab.BoolCheck(t2) THEN
+ 1536               t := SymTab.BoolType()
+ 1537             ELSE SemError(212); t := SymTab.InvalidType END;
+ 1538             IF t # SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+ 1539               QbeGen.NewTemp(qt);
+ 1540               QbeGen.Op3("and", qt, q, q2, FALSE);
+ 1541               QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
+ 1542             ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1543             END
+ 1544           ELSIF (t # SymTab.InvalidType) & (t2 # SymTab.InvalidType)
+ 1545              & (SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClSet)
+ 1546              & (SymTab.ClassOf(t2) = SymTab.ClSet) THEN
+ 1547             lw := SymTab.SetWords(t); rw := SymTab.SetWords(t2);
+ 1548             mw := lw;
+ 1549             IF rw > mw THEN mw := rw END;
+ 1550             IF op = SymTab.OpTimes THEN
+ 1551               QbeGen.SetBinOp(1, q, q2, lw, rw, qt)
+ 1552             ELSE
+ 1553               QbeGen.SetBinOp(3, q, q2, lw, rw, qt)
+ 1554             END;
+ 1555             t := SymTab.NewSet(
+ 1556                    SymTab.NewSubR(0,
+ 1557                      VAL(INTEGER, mw) * 32 - 1));
+ 1558             QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
+ 1559           ELSE
+ 1560             IF SymTab.ArithCheck(t, t2,
+ 1561                  (op = SymTab.OpDiv) OR (op = SymTab.OpMod),
+ 1562                  res2) THEN t := res2
+ 1563             ELSE SemError(211); t := SymTab.InvalidType END;
+ 1564             isR := SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClReal;
+ 1565             IF t # SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+ 1566               QbeGen.NewTemp(qt);
+ 1567               IF op = SymTab.OpTimes THEN
+ 1568                 QbeGen.Op3("mul", qt, q, q2, isR)
+ 1569               ELSIF (op = SymTab.OpDiv)
+ 1570                  OR (op = SymTab.OpSlash) THEN
+ 1571                 QbeGen.Op3("div", qt, q, q2, isR)
+ 1572               ELSE
+ 1573                 QbeGen.Op3("rem", qt, q, q2, isR)
+ 1574               END;
+ 1575               QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
+ 1576             ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1577             END
+ 1578           END; .) } .
+ 1579    MulOp<VAR op: INTEGER>
+ 1580      = "*"                               (. op := SymTab.OpTimes; .)
+ 1581      | "/"                               (. op := SymTab.OpSlash; .)
+ 1582      | "DIV"                             (. op := SymTab.OpDiv; .)
+ 1583      | "MOD"                             (. op := SymTab.OpMod; .)
+ 1584      | "AND"                             (. op := SymTab.OpAnd; .) .
+ 1585    Fact<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR q: QbeGen.QVal>
+ 1586                                          (. VAR s: ARRAY [0 .. 255] OF CHAR;
+ 1587                                               et, dt, t2, st, ct2:
+ 1588                                                 SymTab.TypeIndex;
+ 1589                                               dk: INTEGER;
+ 1590                                               qd, q2, sq, qa, qm0:
+ 1591                                                 QbeGen.QVal;
+ 1592                                               qn: SymTab.Name;
+ 1593                                               called, sfx: BOOLEAN; .)
+ 1594      = integer                           (. LexString(s);
+ 1595                                             QbeGen.NormInt(s, q);
+ 1596                                             t := SymTab.IntType(); .)
+ 1597      | real                              (. LexString(s);
+ 1598                                             QbeGen.NormReal(s, q);
+ 1599                                             t := SymTab.RealType(); .)
+ 1600      | string                            (. LexString(s);
+ 1601                                             IF SymTab.StrLen(s) = 3 THEN
+ 1602                                               t := SymTab.CharType();
+ 1603                                               QbeGen.IntStr(
+ 1604                                                 QbeGen.CharVal(s), q)
+ 1605                                             ELSE t := SymTab.NewStr();
+ 1606                                               QbeGen.DeclStr(s, q);
+ 1607                                               (* a literal's value IS its
+ 1608                                                  static descriptor address *)
+ 1609                                               QbeGen.NoteAddr(q, q)
+ 1610                                             END; .)
+ 1611      | Design<dt, dk, qd, qn, sfx>       (. called := FALSE;
+ 1612                                             t := dt;
+ 1613                                             IF sfx THEN
+ 1614                                               IF dt =
+ 1615                                                  SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+ 1616                                                 QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1617                                               ELSIF (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
+ 1618                                                      SymTab.ClRecord)
+ 1619                                                  OR (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
+ 1620                                                      SymTab.ClSet)
+ 1621                                                  OR (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
+ 1622                                                      SymTab.ClClass) THEN
+ 1623                                                 QbeGen.CopyOp(qd, q)
+ 1624                                               ELSE QbeGen.ElemLoad(qd, dt,
+ 1625                                                 q)
+ 1626                                               END
+ 1627                                             ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp(qd, q)
+ 1628                                             END;
+ 1629                                             IF (dk = SymTab.KindVar)
+ 1630                                                OR (dk = SymTab.KindParam)
+ 1631                                                OR (dk =
+ 1632                                                   SymTab.KindField) THEN
+ 1633                                               IF sfx THEN
+ 1634                                                 QbeGen.NoteAddr(q, qd)
+ 1635                                               ELSE
+ 1636                                                 QbeGen.AddrOf(qn, qa);
+ 1637                                                 QbeGen.NoteAddr(q, qa)
+ 1638                                               END
+ 1639                                             ELSIF sfx
+ 1640                                                & (dt #
+ 1641                                                   SymTab.InvalidType)
+ 1642                                                & ((SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
+ 1643                                                    SymTab.ClArray)
+ 1644                                                   OR (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
+ 1645                                                       SymTab.ClSet)
+ 1646                                                   OR (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
+ 1647                                                       SymTab.ClRecord)) THEN
+ 1648                                               QbeGen.NoteAddr(qd, qd)
+ 1649                                             END; .)
+ 1650        [ ArgList<qn, TRUE, ct2, q2, called>
+ 1651                                          (. t := ct2;
+ 1652                                             QbeGen.CopyOp(q2, q); .) ]
+ 1653                                          (. IF ~called
+ 1654                                               & (dk = SymTab.KindProc) THEN
+ 1655                                               (* bare zero-arg function
+ 1656                                                  call (parentheses may be
+ 1657                                                  omitted); a proper or
+ 1658                                                  parameterised proc here
+ 1659                                                  is 230 *)
+ 1660                                               IF (SymTab.ProcNPar(qn) = 0)
+ 1661                                                  & (SymTab.ProcRes(qn) #
+ 1662                                                     SymTab.InvalidType) THEN
+ 1663                                                 QbeGen.Mangled(qn,
+ 1664                                                   SymTab.ProcUid(qn), qm0);
+ 1665                                                 QbeGen.CallBegin(qm0,
+ 1666                                                   SymTab.ProcRes(qn),
+ 1667                                                   SymTab.ProcDepthOf(qn),
+ 1668                                                   SymTab.IsExternal(qn));
+ 1669                                                 QbeGen.CallEnd(TRUE, q);
+ 1670                                                 t := SymTab.ProcRes(qn)
+ 1671                                               ELSE SemError(230)
+ 1672                                               END
+ 1673                                             END; .)
+ 1674      | "(" Expr<et, q> ")"               (. t := et; .)
+ 1675      | SetLit<st, sq>                    (. t := st;
+ 1676                                             QbeGen.CopyOp(sq, q); .)
+ 1677      | "NOT" Fact<t2, q2>                (. IF SymTab.BoolCheck(t2) THEN
+ 1678                                               t := SymTab.BoolType()
+ 1679                                             ELSE SemError(212);
+ 1680                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType END;
+ 1681                                             IF t # SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+ 1682                                               QbeGen.NotQ(q2, q)
+ 1683                                             ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1684                                             END; .) .
+ 1685    (* Set literals are SET OF [0..255] (8 words); elements validated
+ 1686       0..255 statically when foldable (222 otherwise), runtime trap
+ 1687       for computed elements. Ranges always lower via SetRange. *)
+ 1688    SetLit<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR q: QbeGen.QVal>
+ 1689      = "{"                               (. t := SymTab.NewSet(
+ 1690                                               SymTab.NewSubR(0, 255));
+ 1691                                             QbeGen.NewSetTemp(8, q);
+ 1692                                             QbeGen.SetZero(q, 8); .)
+ 1693        [ SetElem<t, q> { "," SetElem<t, q> } ]
+ 1694        "}" .
+ 1695    SetElem<st: SymTab.TypeIndex; sq: QbeGen.QVal>         (. VAR et, et2: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+ 1696                                               qe, q2: QbeGen.QVal;
+ 1697                                               v, v2: INTEGER;
+ 1698                                               lo: INTEGER;
+ 1699                                               span: CARDINAL;
+ 1700                                               cl, cl2: INTEGER;
+ 1701                                               hasR: BOOLEAN; .)
+ 1702      =                                   (. hasR := FALSE; .)
+ 1703        Expr<et, qe>
+ 1704        [ ".." Expr<et2, q2>              (. hasR := TRUE; .) ]
+ 1705                                          (. lo := SymTab.SetBaseLo(st);
+ 1706                                             span := SymTab.SetCount(st);
+ 1707                                             IF (et = SymTab.InvalidType)
+ 1708                                                OR (hasR & (et2 =
+ 1709                                                   SymTab.InvalidType)) THEN
+ 1710                                             ELSE cl :=
+ 1711                                                    SymTab.ClassOf(et);
+ 1712                                               IF hasR THEN
+ 1713                                                 cl2 :=
+ 1714                                                   SymTab.ClassOf(et2)
+ 1715                                               ELSE cl2 := SymTab.ClInt
+ 1716                                               END;
+ 1717                                               IF ((cl # SymTab.ClInt)
+ 1718                                                  & (cl # SymTab.ClChar)
+ 1719                                                  & (cl # SymTab.ClBool))
+ 1720                                                  OR (hasR &
+ 1721                                                     ((cl2
+ 1722                                                       # SymTab.ClInt)
+ 1723                                                     & (cl2
+ 1724                                                        # SymTab.ClChar)
+ 1725                                                     & (cl2
+ 1726                                                        # SymTab.ClBool))) THEN
+ 1727                                                 SemError(222)
+ 1728                                               ELSIF hasR
+ 1729                                                  & SymTab.ConstInt(qe, v)
+ 1730                                                  & SymTab.ConstInt(q2,
+ 1731                                                     v2)
+ 1732                                                  & ((v < lo)
+ 1733                                                     OR (v2 < lo)
+ 1734                                                     OR (v >= lo +
+ 1735                                                        VAL(INTEGER, span))
+ 1736                                                     OR (v2 >= lo +
+ 1737                                                        VAL(INTEGER, span))
+ 1738                                                     OR (v > v2)) THEN
+ 1739                                                 SemError(222)
+ 1740                                                ELSIF hasR THEN
+ 1741                                                  QbeGen.SetRange(sq, qe, q2,
+ 1742                                                    lo, span)
+ 1743                                                ELSIF SymTab.ConstInt(qe,
+ 1744                                                        v)
+ 1745                                                   & ((v < lo)
+ 1746                                                      OR (v >= lo +
+ 1747                                                         VAL(INTEGER,
+ 1748                                                           span))) THEN
+ 1749                                                  SemError(222)
+ 1750                                                ELSE QbeGen.SetBit(sq, qe,
+ 1751                                                  lo, span)
+ 1752                                               END
+ 1753                                             END; .) .
+ 1754    GetIdent<VAR n: SymTab.Name>
+ 1755      = ident                             (. LexName(n); .) .
+ 1756  
+ 1757  END M2.
 
     0 errors
 
 
 Statistics:
 
-  nr of terminals:        75 (limit   400)
+  nr of terminals:        76 (limit   400)
   nr of non-terminals:    73 (limit   210)
-  nr of pragmas:           0 (limit   425)
-  nr of symbolnodes:     148 (limit   500)
-  nr of graphnodes:      667 (limit  1500)
+  nr of pragmas:           0 (limit   424)
+  nr of symbolnodes:     149 (limit   500)
+  nr of graphnodes:      670 (limit  1500)
   nr of conditionsets:     7 (limit   100)
   nr of charactersets:    11 (limit   250)
 

+ 3 - 2
compiler/src/QbeGen.def

@@ -76,9 +76,10 @@ PROCEDURE EmitRet (q: ARRAY OF CHAR; hasVal: BOOLEAN);
 (* Emits "ret q" (or dummy "ret 0"); always a terminator. *)
 
 PROCEDURE CallBegin (mangled: ARRAY OF CHAR; resT: INTEGER;
-                       fdep: CARDINAL);
+                       fdep: CARDINAL; isExt: BOOLEAN);
 (* Starts accumulating a call's actuals; resolves the static link
-   from the caller's context and the callee's lexical depth. *)
+   from the caller's context and the callee's lexical depth.
+   External (C) callees get no static link. *)
 
 PROCEDURE CallArg (q: ARRAY OF CHAR; cls: CHAR): BOOLEAN;
 (* Appends one typed actual (FALSE when full → 233). *)

+ 22 - 5
compiler/src/QbeGen.mod

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ VAR
   slTmp : QVal;          (* current static-link param temp *)
   hdrComma : BOOLEAN;
   stkLink : ARRAY [0 .. 15] OF QVal;    (* per-call static links *)
+  stkExt : ARRAY [0 .. 15] OF BOOLEAN;  (* per-call external flag *)
   outSel : CARDINAL;  (* 0 = file, else nestBufs[outSel-1] *)
   nInit : CARDINAL;
   initNames : ARRAY [0 .. 31] OF QVal;
@@ -703,7 +704,14 @@ PROCEDURE ResClass (t: INTEGER): CHAR;
   END ResClass;
 
 PROCEDURE Mangled (pname: ARRAY OF CHAR; uid: CARDINAL; VAR q: QVal);
+(* External procedures bind to their C link name; everything else
+   mangles to <name>_<uid> (deterministic, collision-free). *)
+  VAR link : SymTab.Name;
   BEGIN
+    IF SymTab.ProcLink(pname, link) THEN
+      Cpy(q, link);
+      RETURN
+    END;
     Cpy(q, pname);
     App(q, "_");
     AppNum(q, uid)
@@ -905,19 +913,23 @@ PROCEDURE EmitRet (q: ARRAY OF CHAR; hasVal: BOOLEAN);
   END EmitRet;
 
 PROCEDURE CallBegin (mangled: ARRAY OF CHAR; resT: INTEGER;
-                       fdep: CARDINAL);
+                       fdep: CARDINAL; isExt: BOOLEAN);
 (* Pushes a call level; the static link is resolved now (caller
    context cannot change mid-call): module callers pass 0, others
-   walk the chain (inFuncDepth - fdep) from their link record. *)
+   walk the chain (inFuncDepth - fdep) from their link record.
+   External callees take no static link. *)
   VAR walks : INTEGER;
     cur, t : QVal;
   BEGIN
     IF callDepth > HIGH(stkName) THEN RETURN END;
     Cpy(stkName[callDepth], mangled);
     stkRes[callDepth] := ResClass(resT);
+    stkExt[callDepth] := isExt;
     stkArg[callDepth][0] := 0C;
     stkN[callDepth] := 0;
-    IF funcDepth = 0 THEN
+    IF isExt THEN
+      Cpy(stkLink[callDepth], "0")
+    ELSIF funcDepth = 0 THEN
       Cpy(stkLink[callDepth], "0")
     ELSE
       walks := VAL(INTEGER, funcDepth) - VAL(INTEGER, fdep);
@@ -986,8 +998,13 @@ PROCEDURE CallEnd (wantRes: BOOLEAN; VAR q: QVal);
     ELSE
       W("  ")
     END;
-    W(" call $"); W(funcName); W("(l "); W(stkLink[d]);
-    IF body[0] # 0C THEN W(", "); W(body) END;
+    W(" call $"); W(funcName); W("(");
+    IF stkExt[d] THEN
+      W(body)                       (* C callee: no static link *)
+    ELSE
+      W("l "); W(stkLink[d]);
+      IF body[0] # 0C THEN W(", "); W(body) END
+    END;
     WL(")")
   END CallEnd;
 

+ 9 - 0
compiler/src/SymTab.def

@@ -151,6 +151,15 @@ PROCEDURE MarkVirtual;
 (* Marks the current procedure VIRTUAL (dynamically dispatched;
    dispatch tables arrive with class lowering). *)
 
+PROCEDURE MarkExternal (link: ARRAY OF CHAR);
+(* Marks the current procedure EXTERNAL (no body emitted; calls bind
+   to the C symbol `link`, or to the procedure's own name if ''). *)
+
+PROCEDURE IsExternal (name: ARRAY OF CHAR): BOOLEAN;
+PROCEDURE ProcLink (name: ARRAY OF CHAR; VAR link: Name): BOOLEAN;
+(* External-procedure query/link lookup (link name of the named
+   visible procedure). *)
+
 PROCEDURE CloseProc;
 (* Pops the current procedure's scope and its proc-stack entry.
    Replaces bare PopScope at the end of headings (DefUnit),

+ 33 - 0
compiler/src/SymTab.mod

@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ TYPE
     fwd   : BOOLEAN;    (* KindProc: FORWARD body pending *)
     virt  : BOOLEAN;    (* KindProc: VIRTUAL method *)
     fdep  : CARDINAL;   (* KindProc: lexical function-nesting depth *)
+    ext   : BOOLEAN;    (* KindProc: EXTERNAL (no body emitted) *)
+    link  : Name;       (* KindProc: external link (C) name *)
     uid   : CARDINAL;   (* KindProc: unique id for name mangling *)
   END;
   ScopeNode = RECORD
@@ -915,6 +917,8 @@ PROCEDURE EnterProc (name: ARRAY OF CHAR): BOOLEAN;
     node^.isVar := FALSE;
     node^.fwd := FALSE;
     node^.virt := FALSE;
+    node^.ext := FALSE;
+    node^.link[0] := 0C;
     node^.uid := nextUid; INC(nextUid);
     node^.fdep := nProc;
     curProc := node;
@@ -993,6 +997,33 @@ PROCEDURE MarkFwd;
     IF curProc # NIL THEN curProc^.fwd := TRUE END
   END MarkFwd;
 
+PROCEDURE MarkExternal (link: ARRAY OF CHAR);
+(* Marks the current procedure EXTERNAL; link '' means "use the
+   procedure's own name" (must be a valid C symbol). *)
+  BEGIN
+    IF curProc = NIL THEN RETURN END;
+    curProc^.ext := TRUE;
+    IF link[0] = 0C THEN Assign(curProc^.link, curProc^.name)
+    ELSE Assign(curProc^.link, link)
+    END
+  END MarkExternal;
+
+PROCEDURE IsExternal (name: ARRAY OF CHAR): BOOLEAN;
+  VAR node: SymPtr;
+  BEGIN
+    node := Find(name);
+    RETURN (node # NIL) & node^.ext
+  END IsExternal;
+
+PROCEDURE ProcLink (name: ARRAY OF CHAR; VAR link: Name): BOOLEAN;
+  VAR node: SymPtr;
+  BEGIN
+    node := Find(name);
+    IF (node = NIL) OR ~node^.ext THEN RETURN FALSE END;
+    Assign(link, node^.link);
+    RETURN TRUE
+  END ProcLink;
+
 PROCEDURE CloseProc;
   BEGIN
     IF nProc > 0 THEN DEC(nProc) END;
@@ -1113,6 +1144,8 @@ PROCEDURE EnterIn (s: ScopePtr; name: ARRAY OF CHAR;
     node^.isVar := FALSE;
     node^.fwd := FALSE;
     node^.virt := FALSE;
+    node^.ext := FALSE;
+    node^.link[0] := 0C;
     node^.fdep := 0;
     node^.uid := 0;
     IF ~TreeInsert(s, node) THEN RETURN FALSE END;

+ 9 - 0
compiler/tests/hello.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+MODULE Hello;
+(* First stdlib output test: writes via SysIO, exit 0. *)
+IMPORT SysIO;
+BEGIN
+  SysIO.Write("Hello, Modula-2!");
+  SysIO.WriteLn;
+  SysIO.WriteInt(42);
+  SysIO.WriteLn
+END Hello.

+ 13 - 0
compiler/tests/sysio.def

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+DEFINITION MODULE SysIO;
+(* Minimal system I/O, bound to the runtime shim (libc write). *)
+
+PROCEDURE Write(VAR s : ARRAY OF CHAR);
+(* Writes the string to standard output (no newline). *)
+
+PROCEDURE WriteLn;
+(* Writes a newline to standard output. *)
+
+PROCEDURE WriteInt(n : INTEGER);
+(* Writes n in decimal to standard output. *)
+
+END SysIO.

+ 28 - 0
compiler/tests/sysio.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+IMPLEMENTATION MODULE SysIO;
+(* Thin wrapper over the C shim's external procedures. *)
+
+PROCEDURE m2write(VAR s : ARRAY OF CHAR);
+  EXTERNAL;
+
+PROCEDURE m2writeln;
+  EXTERNAL;
+
+PROCEDURE m2writeint(n : INTEGER);
+  EXTERNAL;
+
+PROCEDURE Write(VAR s : ARRAY OF CHAR);
+BEGIN
+  m2write(s)
+END Write;
+
+PROCEDURE WriteLn;
+BEGIN
+  m2writeln
+END WriteLn;
+
+PROCEDURE WriteInt(n : INTEGER);
+BEGIN
+  m2writeint(n)
+END WriteInt;
+
+END SysIO.

+ 54 - 0
docs/summary_step5.1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# V3 step 5.1 — foreign functions + SysIO (done 2026-09-22)
+
+First stdlib landing: the compiler can now call the host. Suite
+88/88 (45 run — incl. 4 trap-aborts, 4 sessions, 1 session-output
+— + 43 reject). LL(1)-clean, zero gm2 warnings.
+
+## EXTERNAL procedures (FFI)
+
+- Grammar: `PROCEDURE P(...); EXTERNAL;` — a body-less procedure
+  in an implementation. `MarkExternal` flags the current heading;
+  its header/scope are discarded (`AbortFunc`), so no function is
+  emitted.
+- SymTab: `ext` + `link` on the procedure node; `MarkExternal`,
+  `IsExternal`, `ProcLink`. The flag rides the node, and the
+  implementation resumes the *definition's* node (`ResumeProc`), so
+  clients that `IMPORT`/`FROM`-import the routine also see it as
+  external.
+- QbeGen: `Mangled` binds an external procedure to its link name
+  (default: its own name — a valid C symbol; `m2write` etc.).
+- **No static link for C callees**: `CallBegin`/`CallEnd` gained an
+  `isExt` flag; the hidden static-link argument is omitted for
+  external calls (the shim signature has no link).
+
+## Runtime shim (`runtime/syslib/shim.c`)
+
+Small C layer that knows the compiler's memory layout. A string
+(`ARRAY OF CHAR`) value is a descriptor `{ LONGCARD count, bytes }`;
+the compiler passes its address as an `l`. Shim exports:
+`m2write(desc)`, `m2writeln()`, `m2writeint(v)`, `m2exit(code)`.
+Linked into every session image by the harness.
+
+## SysIO library (`tests/sysio.def` + `.mod`)
+
+Classic `DEFINITION`/`IMPLEMENTATION` (separate compilation):
+`Write(VAR s : ARRAY OF CHAR)`, `WriteLn`, `WriteInt(n)`, each a
+thin Modula-2 wrapper over an `EXTERNAL` shim routine. This also
+exercises passing a **string literal** as a `VAR ARRAY OF CHAR`
+actual: literals now register their static descriptor address in
+the actual-address note table.
+
+## Tests
+
+`Hello` → stdout `Hello, Modula-2!` then `42`, exit 0 — the first
+V3 program with real output, checked by the new
+`expect_run_files_out` harness (exit code + first output line).
+Harness refactor: `build_session` (compile→qbe→cc with the shim)
+shared by `expect_run_files` / `expect_run_files_out`.
+
+## Deferred to 5.2+
+
+`SYSTEM`/`Storage` (`malloc`/`free` wrappers), `Strings`,
+`TextIO`, `WholeIO`, `Math`, `Files`; explicit external link names
+(`EXTERNAL "c_name"`); string escapes (so literals are raw bytes —
+newlines come from `WriteLn`); reading input.

+ 54 - 0
runtime/syslib/shim.c

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/* m2compiler-V3 runtime shim (C).
+ *
+ * Bridges Modula-2 external procedures to the host. Memory layout
+ * matches the compiler's: a STRING (ARRAY OF CHAR) value is a
+ * descriptor [0] = LONGCARD element count, then the bytes; the
+ * compiler passes the descriptor's address as an `l`.
+ *
+ * Linked with every V3 program image.
+ */
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+/* Write the contents of a string descriptor to fd 1. Returns the
+   number of bytes written. */
+long m2write(long *desc)
+{
+    long n = desc[0];
+    if (n > 0)
+        write(1, (char *)(desc + 1), (size_t)n);
+    return n;
+}
+
+/* Write a newline to fd 1. */
+long m2writeln(void)
+{
+    write(1, "\n", 1);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* Write a signed decimal integer to fd 1. */
+long m2writeint(long v)
+{
+    char buf[32];
+    int i = 0;
+    int neg = 0;
+    unsigned long u;
+
+    if (v < 0) { neg = 1; u = (unsigned long)(-v); }
+    else u = (unsigned long)v;
+
+    do { buf[i++] = (char)('0' + (u % 10)); u /= 10; } while (u != 0);
+    if (neg) buf[i++] = '-';
+    while (i > 0)
+        write(1, &buf[--i], 1);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* Terminate the process. */
+long m2exit(long code)
+{
+    exit((int)code);
+    return 0;
+}