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v3 step 3.6 — pointers: NIL type, deref, NEW/DISPOSE (64/64 tests green)

Eric Streit hai 3 semanas
pai
achega
de18bdc0ab

+ 7 - 0
compiler/run_tests.sh

@@ -75,6 +75,11 @@ expect_fail showcase5.mod "not supported yet"
 expect_run showcase6.mod 34
 expect_run showcase7.mod 219
 expect_run showcase8.mod 170
+expect_run t_pointer.mod 42
+expect_run t_ptrarray.mod 15
+expect_run t_ptrrec.mod 15
+expect_run t_ptrnest.mod 10
+expect_fail t_opaqueptr.mod "not supported yet"
 expect_fail t_enumdecl.mod "not supported yet"
 expect_fail t_proc.mod "not supported yet"
 expect_fail t_forward.mod "not supported yet"
@@ -87,6 +92,8 @@ expect_fail t_bad_exit.mod "not supported yet"
 expect_fail t_bad_return.mod "bad RETURN"
 expect_fail t_bad_for.mod "FOR needs integer variable and bounds"
 expect_fail t_bad_mixed.mod "incompatible assignment"
+expect_fail t_bad_deref.mod "not a POINTER type"
+expect_fail t_bad_new.mod "not a POINTER type"
 expect_fail t_bad_field.mod "unknown field"
 expect_fail t_bad_with.mod "not a RECORD type"
 expect_fail t_bad_recassign.mod "incompatible assignment"

+ 140 - 7
compiler/src/M2.atg

@@ -42,7 +42,14 @@ COMPILER M2
    descriptors (locked amendment — one layout per type); nested
    records inline; static declaration-order offsets; field chains
    mix with indexes; WITH pushes fields + bases (215/216);
-   whole-record deep copy; record/set/class "=" is 213. *)
+   whole-record deep copy; record/set/class "=" is 213.
+   Step 3.6 pointers: vars (l), NIL as a real type (FNil — assignment
+   and =/# work, everything else 210-214/222), ^ deref with sfx
+   discipline (address flows, load at use; chains compose),
+   pointer =/# via ceql/cnel (< > etc. are 213), NEW/DISPOSE as
+   builtin statements via extern malloc/free (recursive skeleton
+   init; DISPOSE shallow and nils, deviating from Wirth-undefined);
+   nil-deref is raw (no check). *)
 
 IMPORT SymTab, QbeGen;
 
@@ -202,7 +209,10 @@ PRODUCTIONS
     | Enum<t>
     | ArrayType<t, allowOpen>
     | SetType<t>
-    | RecordType<t> .
+    | RecordType<t>
+    | PointerType<t> .
+  PointerType<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex>  (. VAR base: SymTab.TypeIndex; .)
+    = "POINTER" "TO" Type<base, FALSE>(. t := SymTab.NewPtr(base); .) .
   (* Arrays: "OF" without bounds is an open formal (allowed only
      where allowOpen); "[lo..hi, ...]" nests bounded levels inside
      out. Bounds are folded literals (int/char); anything else 230.
@@ -472,7 +482,8 @@ PRODUCTIONS
                                               & (cls # SymTab.ClReal)
                                               & (cls # SymTab.ClArray)
                                               & (cls # SymTab.ClSet)
-                                              & (cls # SymTab.ClRecord) THEN
+                                              & (cls # SymTab.ClRecord)
+                                              & (cls # SymTab.ClPtr) THEN
                                              SemError(230) END;
                                            i := 0;
                                            WHILE i < SymTab.PendCount() DO
@@ -543,9 +554,76 @@ PRODUCTIONS
     | CaseStat
     | WithStat
     | ReturnStat
+    | NewStat
+    | DisposeStat
     | "EXIT"                            (. IF QbeGen.TopLoop(lx) THEN
                                              QbeGen.Jmp(lx)
                                            ELSE SemError(230) END; .) .
+  (* NEW/DISPOSE as builtin statements (no call syntax until step 4).
+     Targets are pointer designators; DISPOSE nils afterwards (safer
+     than Wirth-undefined; documented). DISPOSE is shallow. *)
+  NewStat                               (. VAR dt: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+                                             dk: INTEGER;
+                                             qd, qm: QbeGen.QVal;
+                                             qn: SymTab.Name;
+                                             sfx: BOOLEAN;
+                                             bt: SymTab.TypeIndex; .)
+    = "NEW" "(" Design<dt, dk, qd, qn, sfx> ")"
+                                        (. IF dt = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+                                           ELSIF (dk # SymTab.KindVar)
+                                              & (dk # SymTab.KindParam)
+                                              & (dk # SymTab.KindField) THEN
+                                             SemError(210)
+                                           ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) #
+                                                 SymTab.ClPtr THEN
+                                             SemError(219)
+                                           ELSE bt := SymTab.PtrBase(dt);
+                                             IF bt #
+                                                SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+                                               QbeGen.NewHeap(bt, qm);
+                                               QbeGen.InitHeap(qm, bt);
+                                               IF sfx
+                                                  OR (dk =
+                                                     SymTab.KindField) THEN
+                                                 QbeGen.ElemStore(qd, qm,
+                                                   dt)
+                                               ELSE QbeGen.StorePtr(qn,
+                                                 qm)
+                                               END
+                                             END
+                                           END; .) .
+  DisposeStat                           (. VAR dt: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+                                             dk: INTEGER;
+                                             qd, qv: QbeGen.QVal;
+                                             qn: SymTab.Name;
+                                             sfx: BOOLEAN; .)
+    = "DISPOSE" "(" Design<dt, dk, qd, qn, sfx> ")"
+                                        (. IF dt = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+                                           ELSIF (dk # SymTab.KindVar)
+                                              & (dk # SymTab.KindParam)
+                                              & (dk # SymTab.KindField) THEN
+                                             SemError(210)
+                                           ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) #
+                                                 SymTab.ClPtr THEN
+                                             SemError(219)
+                                           ELSE
+                                             IF sfx
+                                                OR (dk =
+                                                   SymTab.KindField) THEN
+                                               QbeGen.ElemLoad(qd, dt,
+                                                 qv)
+                                             ELSE QbeGen.LoadPtr(qn, qv)
+                                             END;
+                                             QbeGen.FreeHeap(qv);
+                                             IF sfx
+                                                OR (dk =
+                                                   SymTab.KindField) THEN
+                                               QbeGen.ElemStore(qd, "0",
+                                                 dt)
+                                             ELSE QbeGen.StorePtr(qn,
+                                               "0")
+                                             END
+                                           END; .) .
   (* WITH pushes each record's fields (inner wins) plus its base
      address; field designators resolve through both stacks. *)
   WithStat                              (. VAR nW: CARDINAL; .)
@@ -638,6 +716,9 @@ PRODUCTIONS
                                            ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
                                                  SymTab.ClRecord THEN
                                              QbeGen.CopyRecord(qd, qe, dt)
+                                           ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
+                                                 SymTab.ClPtr THEN
+                                             QbeGen.StorePtr(qn, qe)
                                            ELSIF conv THEN
                                              QbeGen.ConvIR(qe, qt);
                                              QbeGen.StoreVar(qn, qt, TRUE)
@@ -879,7 +960,8 @@ PRODUCTIONS
          VAR q: QbeGen.QVal; VAR qn: SymTab.Name; VAR sfx: BOOLEAN>
                                         (. VAR n, fn: SymTab.Name;
                                              cls: INTEGER;
-                                             curT, it, eT: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+                                             curT, it, eT, bt:
+                                               SymTab.TypeIndex;
                                              iq, ql, qlo, qhi, qe:
                                                QbeGen.QVal;
                                              lo, hi: INTEGER;
@@ -905,6 +987,9 @@ PRODUCTIONS
                                                   "FALSE") THEN
                                                  t := SymTab.BoolType();
                                                  QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+                                               ELSIF SymTab.Equal(n,
+                                                  "NIL") THEN
+                                                 QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
                                                ELSE
                                                  cls :=
                                                    SymTab.ClassOf(t);
@@ -914,9 +999,16 @@ PRODUCTIONS
                                                     OR (cls
                                                         = SymTab.ClChar)
                                                     OR (cls
-                                                        = SymTab.ClReal)) THEN
-                                                   QbeGen.LoadVar(n,
-                                                     cls = SymTab.ClReal, q)
+                                                        = SymTab.ClReal)
+                                                    OR (cls
+                                                        = SymTab.ClNil)) THEN
+                                                   IF cls = SymTab.ClNil THEN
+                                                     QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+                                                   ELSE
+                                                     QbeGen.LoadVar(n,
+                                                       cls = SymTab.ClReal,
+                                                       q)
+                                                   END
                                                  ELSE
                                                    IF t #
                                                       SymTab.InvalidType THEN
@@ -936,6 +1028,8 @@ PRODUCTIONS
                                                       = SymTab.ClReal) THEN
                                                  QbeGen.LoadVar(n,
                                                    cls = SymTab.ClReal, q)
+                                               ELSIF cls = SymTab.ClPtr THEN
+                                                 QbeGen.LoadPtr(n, q)
                                                ELSIF (cls
                                                        = SymTab.ClArray)
                                                   OR (cls
@@ -1065,6 +1159,35 @@ PRODUCTIONS
                                              ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp(qe, q)
                                              END;
                                              sfx := TRUE
+                                           END; .)
+      | "^"
+                                        (. IF t = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+                                           ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(t) #
+                                                 SymTab.ClPtr THEN
+                                             SemError(219);
+                                             t := SymTab.InvalidType
+                                           ELSE
+                                             bt := SymTab.PtrBase(t);
+                                             IF bt = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+                                             ELSE
+                                               IF sfx THEN
+                                                 QbeGen.ElemLoad(q, t,
+                                                   qb);
+                                                 QbeGen.CopyOp(qb, q)
+                                               END;
+                                               t := bt;
+                                               IF (SymTab.ClassOf(bt) =
+                                                  SymTab.ClInt)
+                                                  OR (SymTab.ClassOf(bt) =
+                                                      SymTab.ClBool)
+                                                  OR (SymTab.ClassOf(bt) =
+                                                      SymTab.ClChar)
+                                                  OR (SymTab.ClassOf(bt) =
+                                                      SymTab.ClReal) THEN
+                                                 sfx := TRUE
+                                               ELSE sfx := FALSE
+                                               END
+                                             END
                                            END; .) } .
   Expr<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR q: QbeGen.QVal>
                                         (. VAR t2: SymTab.TypeIndex;
@@ -1090,6 +1213,16 @@ PRODUCTIONS
              IF (t = SymTab.InvalidType)
                 OR (t2 = SymTab.InvalidType) THEN
                t := SymTab.BoolType(); QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+             ELSIF (SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClPtr)
+                OR (SymTab.ClassOf(t2) = SymTab.ClPtr) THEN
+               IF (op # SymTab.OpEq) & (op # SymTab.OpNeq1)
+                  & (op # SymTab.OpNeq2) THEN
+                 SemError(213); t := SymTab.InvalidType;
+                 QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+               ELSE
+                 QbeGen.CmpL(op, q, q2, qt);
+                 t := SymTab.BoolType(); QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
+               END
              ELSIF (SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClSet)
                 OR (SymTab.ClassOf(t2) = SymTab.ClSet) THEN
                QbeGen.CmpSet(op, q, q2,

+ 1450 - 1317
compiler/src/M2.lst

@@ -59,1331 +59,1464 @@ Listing:
    42     descriptors (locked amendment — one layout per type); nested
    43     records inline; static declaration-order offsets; field chains
    44     mix with indexes; WITH pushes fields + bases (215/216);
-   45     whole-record deep copy; record/set/class "=" is 213. *)
-   46  
-   47  IMPORT SymTab, QbeGen;
-   48  
-   49  CHARACTERS
-   50    eol      = CHR(13) .
-   51    lf       = CHR(10) .
-   52    letter   = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" .
-   53    digit    = "0123456789" .
-   54    hexDigit = digit + "ABCDEFabcdef" .
-   55    noQuote1 = ANY - "'" - eol .
-   56    noQuote2 = ANY - '"' - eol .
-   57  
-   58  IGNORE CHR(9) .. CHR(13)
-   59  
-   60  COMMENTS FROM "(*" TO "*)" NESTED
-   61  COMMENTS FROM "//" TO lf
-   62  
-   63  TOKENS
-   64    ident   = letter { letter | digit } .
-   65    integer = digit { digit }
-   66            | digit { digit } CONTEXT("..")
-   67            | "0x" hexDigit { hexDigit }
-   68            | "0X" hexDigit { hexDigit } .
-   69    real    = digit { digit } "." { digit }
-   70              [ ( "E" | "e" ) [ "+" | "-" ] digit { digit } ] .
-   71    string  = "'" { noQuote1 } "'"
-   72            | '"' { noQuote2 } '"' .
-   73  
-   74  PRODUCTIONS
-   75    M2
-   76      = Unit "." .
-   77    (* Units: program modules compile fully; DEFINITION and
-   78       IMPLEMENTATION modules parse + check now but lower in step 4
-   79       (each ends with one 230); same for nested local modules. *)
-   80    Unit
-   81      = DefUnit
-   82      | ImplUnit
-   83      | ProgModule .
-   84    DefUnit                               (. VAR m1, m2, pn: SymTab.Name; .)
-   85      = "DEFINITION" "MODULE"
-   86        GetIdent<m1>                      (. SymTab.Init; QbeGen.OpenModule(m1);
-   87                                             IF ~SymTab.Enter(m1,
-   88                                                SymTab.KindModule) THEN
-   89                                               SemError(200) END; .)
-   90        ";"
-   91        { Import }
-   92        { ConstBlock | TypeBlock<TRUE> | VarBlock
-   93        | ProcHeading<pn> ";"             (. SymTab.CloseProc; .) }
-   94        "END"
-   95        GetIdent<m2>                      (. IF ~SymTab.Equal(m1, m2) THEN
-   96                                               SemError(202) END; .)
-   97                                          (. QbeGen.CloseModule;
-   98                                             SemError(230);
-   99                                             SymTab.PrintTable; .) .
-  100    ImplUnit                              (. VAR m1, m2: SymTab.Name; .)
-  101      = "IMPLEMENTATION" "MODULE"
-  102        GetIdent<m1>                      (. SymTab.Init; QbeGen.OpenModule(m1);
-  103                                             IF ~SymTab.Enter(m1,
-  104                                                SymTab.KindModule) THEN
-  105                                               SemError(200) END; .)
-  106        ";"
-  107        { Import }
-  108        DeclSeq
-  109        [ "BEGIN"                         (. QbeGen.BeginBody; .)
-  110          [ StatSeq ] ]
-  111        "END"
-  112        GetIdent<m2>                      (. IF ~SymTab.Equal(m1, m2) THEN
-  113                                               SemError(202) END; .)
-  114                                          (. QbeGen.CloseModule;
-  115                                             SemError(230);
-  116                                             SymTab.PrintTable; .) .
-  117    ProgModule                            (. VAR m1, m2: SymTab.Name; .)
-  118      = "MODULE"
-  119        GetIdent<m1>                      (. SymTab.Init; QbeGen.OpenModule(m1);
-  120                                             IF ~SymTab.Enter(m1,
-  121                                                SymTab.KindModule) THEN
-  122                                               SemError(200) END; .)
-  123        [ Priority ]
-  124        ";"
-  125        { Import }
-  126        DeclSeq
-  127        [ "BEGIN"                         (. QbeGen.BeginBody; .)
-  128          [ StatSeq ] ]
-  129        "END"
-  130        GetIdent<m2>                      (. IF ~SymTab.Equal(m1, m2) THEN
-  131                                               SemError(202) END; .)
-  132                                          (. QbeGen.EndModule;
-  133                                             SymTab.PrintTable; .) .
-  134    DeclSeq
-  135      = { ConstBlock | TypeBlock<FALSE> | VarBlock | ProcDecl ";"
-  136        | NestedModule ";" | ClassItem ";" } .
-  137    (* Local module, Wirth form. Parses + checks fully (own scope);
-  138       lowering waits for step 4, marked by one 230 at END. *)
-  139    NestedModule                          (. VAR m1, m2: SymTab.Name; .)
-  140      = "MODULE"
-  141        GetIdent<m1>                      (. IF ~SymTab.Enter(m1,
-  142                                               SymTab.KindModule) THEN
-  143                                               SemError(200) END;
-  144                                             SymTab.PushScope; .)
-  145        [ Priority ]
-  146        ";"
-  147        { Import }
-  148        [ Export ]
-  149        DeclSeq
-  150        [ "BEGIN"
-  151          [ StatSeq ] ]
-  152        "END"
-  153        GetIdent<m2>                      (. IF ~SymTab.Equal(m1, m2) THEN
-  154                                               SemError(202) END;
-  155                                             SymTab.PopScope;
-  156                                             SemError(230); .) .
-  157    Priority
-  158      = "[" integer "]"                   (. SemError(230); .) .
-  159    Export                                (. VAR nm: SymTab.Name; .)
-  160      = "EXPORT"                          (* names wire up in step 4 *)
-  161        [ "QUALIFIED" ]
-  162        GetIdent<nm>
-  163        { "," GetIdent<nm> }
-  164        ";" .
-  165    Import                                (. VAR n: SymTab.Name; .)
-  166      = "FROM"
-  167        GetIdent<n>                       (. IF ~SymTab.Enter(n,
-  168                                               SymTab.KindImport) THEN
-  169                                               SemError(200) END; .)
-  170        "IMPORT"
-  171        ImpList ";"
-  172      | "IMPORT"
-  173        ImpList ";" .
-  174    ImpList                               (. VAR n: SymTab.Name; .)
-  175      = GetIdent<n>                       (. IF ~SymTab.Enter(n,
-  176                                               SymTab.KindImport) THEN
-  177                                               SemError(200) END; .)
-  178        { ","
-  179          GetIdent<n>                     (. IF ~SymTab.Enter(n,
-  180                                               SymTab.KindImport) THEN
-  181                                               SemError(200) END; .) } .
-  182    (* Opaque TYPE declarations (definition modules). The targetless
-  183       alias resolves to InvalidType until step 4 completes it. *)
-  184    (* Scalar-phase TYPEs: named types, integer subranges, enumerations.
-  185       Opaque "TYPE T;" needs isDef (definition units); elsewhere 231.
-  186       Composite forms (ARRAY/RECORD/SET/POINTER) arrive with step 3. *)
-  187    TypeBlock<isDef: BOOLEAN>
-  188      = "TYPE" { TypeItem<isDef> ";" | ClassItem ";" } .
-  189    TypeItem<isDef: BOOLEAN>              (. VAR n: SymTab.Name;
-  190                                               t: SymTab.TypeIndex; .)
-  191      = GetIdent<n>                       (. IF ~SymTab.Enter(n,
-  192                                               SymTab.KindType) THEN
-  193                                               SemError(200) END; .)
-  194        ( "=" Type<t, FALSE>              (. SymTab.SetSymType(n, t); .)
-  195        |                                 (. IF ~isDef THEN
-  196                                               SemError(231) END;
-  197                                             SymTab.SetSymType(n,
-  198                                               SymTab.NewAlias()); .) ) .
-  199    Type<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; allowOpen: BOOLEAN>
-  200      = TypeIdent<t>
-  201      | Subrange<t>
-  202      | Enum<t>
-  203      | ArrayType<t, allowOpen>
-  204      | SetType<t>
-  205      | RecordType<t> .
-  206    (* Arrays: "OF" without bounds is an open formal (allowed only
-  207       where allowOpen); "[lo..hi, ...]" nests bounded levels inside
-  208       out. Bounds are folded literals (int/char); anything else 230.
-  209       Bare-type indices ("ARRAY Color OF") wait for enum ordinals. *)
-  210    ArrayType<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; allowOpen: BOOLEAN>
-  211                                          (. VAR elem: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  212                                               ok: BOOLEAN; .)
-  213      = "ARRAY"
-  214        ( "OF" Type<elem, FALSE>          (. IF ~allowOpen THEN
-  215                                               SemError(230) END;
-  216                                             t := SymTab.NewOpenArray(elem); .)
-  217        | "["                             (. SymTab.BoundBegin; ok := TRUE; .)
-  218          BoundPair<ok>
-  219          { "," BoundPair<ok> }
-  220          "]" "OF" Type<elem, FALSE>
-  221                                          (. IF ok THEN
-  222                                               t := SymTab.NestArray(elem)
-  223                                             ELSE t := SymTab.InvalidType
-  224                                             END; .) ) .
-  225    BoundPair<VAR ok: BOOLEAN>            (. VAR tlo, thi: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  226                                               qlo, qhi: QbeGen.QVal;
-  227                                               lo, hi: INTEGER;
-  228                                               cl, cl2: INTEGER; .)
-  229      = Expr<tlo, qlo> ".." Expr<thi, qhi>
-  230                                          (. IF (tlo = SymTab.InvalidType)
-  231                                              OR (thi = SymTab.InvalidType) THEN
-  232                                             ok := FALSE
-  233                                           ELSE cl := SymTab.ClassOf(tlo);
-  234                                             cl2 := SymTab.ClassOf(thi);
-  235                                             IF ((cl # SymTab.ClInt)
-  236                                                & (cl # SymTab.ClChar))
-  237                                                OR ((cl2 # SymTab.ClInt)
-  238                                                & (cl2 # SymTab.ClChar)) THEN
-  239                                               SemError(230); ok := FALSE
-  240                                             ELSIF ~SymTab.ConstInt(qlo, lo)
-  241                                                OR ~SymTab.ConstInt(qhi, hi)
-  242                                                OR (lo > hi) THEN
-  243                                               SemError(230); ok := FALSE
-  244                                             ELSIF ~SymTab.BoundAdd(lo, hi) THEN
-  245                                               SemError(230); ok := FALSE
-  246                                             END; .) .
-  247    (* Sets: multi-word masks over bases ≤ 256 values (bool, char,
-  248       bounded subranges; enums wait for ordinals, INTEGER is
-  249       unbounded). Literals are SET OF [0..255]; assignment and
-  250       comparison across suitable bases are lenient (masks over min
-  251       words + zero-check extras), out-of-span literals are 222. *)
-  252    SetType<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex>      (. VAR base: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  253                                               blo, bhi, bspan: INTEGER;
-  254                                               bcls: INTEGER; .)
-  255      = "SET" "OF" Type<base, FALSE>
-  256                                          (. IF base = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
-  257                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
-  258                                             ELSE bcls :=
-  259                                                    SymTab.ClassOf(base);
-  260                                               IF bcls = SymTab.ClBool THEN
-  261                                                 blo := 0; bspan := 2
-  262                                               ELSIF bcls = SymTab.ClChar THEN
-  263                                                 blo := 0; bspan := 256
-  264                                               ELSIF SymTab.SubBounds(base,
-  265                                                       blo, bhi) THEN
-  266                                                 bspan := bhi - blo + 1
-  267                                               ELSE bspan := 0 END;
-  268                                               IF (bspan <= 0)
-  269                                                  OR (bspan > 256) THEN
-  270                                                 SemError(230);
-  271                                                 t := SymTab.InvalidType
-  272                                               ELSE t := SymTab.NewSet(base)
-  273                                               END
-  274                                             END; .) .
-  275    (* Records: flat blobs; array fields are pointers to static
-  276       descriptors (locked amendment), nested records inline. Field
-  277       offsets static and declaration-ordered. *)
-  278    RecordType<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex>   (. VAR t2: SymTab.TypeIndex; .)
-  279      = "RECORD"                          (. t := SymTab.NewRecord(); .)
-  280        [ RecField<t> { ";" RecField<t> } ]
-  281        "END" .
-  282    RecField<rec: SymTab.TypeIndex>       (. VAR n: SymTab.Name;
-  283                                               t2: SymTab.TypeIndex; .)
-  284      = RecIdents<rec> ":" Type<t2, FALSE>(. SymTab.FixPendingF(rec, t2); .) .
-  285    RecIdents<rec: SymTab.TypeIndex>      (. VAR n: SymTab.Name; .)
-  286      = GetIdent<n>                       (. IF ~SymTab.FieldPending(rec,
-  287                                               n) THEN
-  288                                               SemError(200) END; .)
-  289        { "," GetIdent<n>                 (. IF ~SymTab.FieldPending(rec,
-  290                                               n) THEN
-  291                                               SemError(200) END; .) } .
-  292    TypeIdent<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex>    (. VAR n: SymTab.Name;
-  293                                               k: INTEGER; .)
-  294      = GetIdent<n>                       (. IF ~SymTab.Lookup(n) THEN
-  295                                               SemError(201);
-  296                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
-  297                                             ELSE k := SymTab.SymKind(n);
-  298                                               IF (k = SymTab.KindType)
-  299                                                  OR (k = SymTab.KindPredef) THEN
-  300                                                 t := SymTab.SymType(n)
-  301                                               ELSIF k = SymTab.KindImport THEN
-  302                                                 t := SymTab.InvalidType
-  303                                               ELSE SemError(221);
-  304                                                 t := SymTab.InvalidType
-  305                                               END
-  306                                             END; .) .
-  307    Subrange<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex>     (. VAR tlo, thi: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  308                                               qlo, qhi: QbeGen.QVal;
-  309                                               lo, hi: INTEGER; .)
-  310      = "[" Expr<tlo, qlo> ".." Expr<thi, qhi>
-  311                                          (. IF (tlo = SymTab.InvalidType)
-  312                                              OR (thi = SymTab.InvalidType) THEN
-  313                                             t := SymTab.InvalidType
-  314                                           ELSIF (SymTab.ClassOf(tlo) #
-  315                                                  SymTab.ClInt)
-  316                                              OR (SymTab.ClassOf(thi) #
-  317                                                  SymTab.ClInt) THEN
-  318                                             SemError(230);
-  319                                             t := SymTab.InvalidType
-  320                                           ELSIF ~SymTab.ConstInt(qlo, lo)
-  321                                              OR ~SymTab.ConstInt(qhi, hi)
-  322                                              OR (lo > hi) THEN
-  323                                             SemError(230);
-  324                                             t := SymTab.InvalidType
-  325                                           ELSE t := SymTab.NewSubR(lo, hi)
-  326                                           END; .)
-  327        "]" .
-  328    Enum<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex>         (. VAR n: SymTab.Name; .)
-  329      = "("                               (. t := SymTab.NewEnum(); .)
-  330        GetIdent<n>                       (. IF ~SymTab.Enter(n,
-  331                                               SymTab.KindConst) THEN
-  332                                               SemError(200) END;
-  333                                             SymTab.SetSymType(n, t); .)
-  334        { "," GetIdent<n>                 (. IF ~SymTab.Enter(n,
-  335                                               SymTab.KindConst) THEN
-  336                                               SemError(200) END;
-  337                                             SymTab.SetSymType(n, t); .) }
-  338        ")" .
-  339    (* Clarion-form classes (docs/OOP.txt): declaration + single
-  340       inheritance + IMPLEMENTATION blocks. Scopes and member checks
-  341       now; lowering (vtable, dispatch, THIS) later — one 230 per
-  342       class/impl block. Methods end with ";" per the Table example
-  343       (not "," as in the sketch). No underscores in identifiers. *)
-  344    (* Single CLASS item in both loops: separating declaration from
-  345       IMPLEMENTATION at the loop level needs 2-token lookahead
-  346       (CLASS ident vs CLASS IMPLEMENTATION), which LL(1) cannot do.
-  347       The second token decides after CLASS is consumed. A misplaced
-  348       CLASS IMPLEMENTATION inside TYPE still parses (harmless: the
-  349       whole unit ends 230 until lowering). *)
-  350    ClassItem
-  351      = "CLASS" ( "IMPLEMENTATION" ClassImplRest | ClassRest ) .
-  352    ClassRest                             (. VAR cn, m2, pn: SymTab.Name;
-  353                                               ct: SymTab.TypeIndex; .)
-  354      = GetIdent<cn>                      (. IF ~SymTab.Enter(cn,
-  355                                               SymTab.KindType) THEN
-  356                                               SemError(200) END;
-  357                                             ct := SymTab.NewClass();
-  358                                             SymTab.SetSymType(cn, ct);
-  359                                             SymTab.PushClassScope(ct); .)
-  360        [ Parents<ct> ]
-  361        ";"
-  362        { ClassField<ct> ";" }
-  363        { MethodHeading<pn> ";"           (. SymTab.CloseProc; .) }
-  364        "END"
-  365        GetIdent<m2>                      (. IF ~SymTab.Equal(cn, m2) THEN
-  366                                               SemError(202) END;
-  367                                             SymTab.PopScope;
-  368                                             SemError(230); .) .
-  369    Parents<ct: SymTab.TypeIndex>         (. VAR p: SymTab.Name; .)
-  370      = "(" Parent1<ct>
-  371        { "," GetIdent<p>                 (. SemError(230); .) }
-  372        ")" .
-  373    Parent1<ct: SymTab.TypeIndex>         (. VAR p: SymTab.Name;
-  374                                               pt: SymTab.TypeIndex; .)
-  375      = GetIdent<p>                       (. IF ~SymTab.Lookup(p) THEN
-  376                                               SemError(201)
-  377                                             ELSE pt := SymTab.SymType(p);
-  378                                               IF SymTab.ClassOf(pt) #
-  379                                                  SymTab.ClClass THEN
-  380                                                 SemError(230)
-  381                                               ELSE SymTab.SetParent(ct, pt)
-  382                                               END
-  383                                             END; .) .
-  384    ClassField<ct: SymTab.TypeIndex>      (. VAR n, rhs: SymTab.Name;
-  385                                               t: SymTab.TypeIndex; .)
-  386      = GetIdent<n>
-  387        ( "=" GetIdent<rhs>               (. IF ~SymTab.Enter(n,
-  388                                               SymTab.KindConst) THEN
-  389                                               SemError(200) END;
-  390                                             IF SymTab.Lookup(rhs) THEN
-  391                                               SymTab.SetSymType(n,
-  392                                                 SymTab.SymType(rhs))
-  393                                             END; .)
-  394        |                                 (. IF ~SymTab.FieldPending(ct,
-  395                                               n) THEN
-  396                                               SemError(200) END; .)
-  397          { "," GetIdent<n>               (. IF ~SymTab.FieldPending(ct,
-  398                                               n) THEN
-  399                                               SemError(200) END; .) }
-  400          ":" Type<t, FALSE>              (. SymTab.FixPendingF(ct, t); .) ) .
-  401    MethodHeading<VAR pn: SymTab.Name>    (. VAR wantVirt: BOOLEAN; .)
-  402      =                                   (. wantVirt := FALSE; .)
-  403        [ "VIRTUAL"                       (. wantVirt := TRUE; .) ]
-  404        ProcHeading<pn>                   (. IF wantVirt THEN
-  405                                               SymTab.MarkVirtual END; .) .
-  406    ClassImplRest                         (. VAR cn, m2: SymTab.Name;
-  407                                               ct: SymTab.TypeIndex; .)
-  408      = GetIdent<cn>                      (. IF ~SymTab.Lookup(cn) THEN
-  409                                               SemError(201);
-  410                                               ct := SymTab.InvalidType
-  411                                             ELSE ct := SymTab.SymType(cn);
-  412                                               IF SymTab.ClassOf(ct) #
-  413                                                  SymTab.ClClass THEN
-  414                                                 SemError(230);
-  415                                                 ct := SymTab.InvalidType
-  416                                               END
-  417                                             END;
-  418                                             IF ct #
-  419                                                SymTab.InvalidType THEN
-  420                                               IF ~SymTab.PushClassMembers(
-  421                                                      ct) THEN
-  422                                                 SemError(230) END
-  423                                             END; .)
-  424        ";" { MethodImpl<ct> ";" }
-  425        [ "BEGIN"
-  426          [ StatSeq ] ]
-  427        "END"
-  428        GetIdent<m2>                      (. IF ~SymTab.Equal(cn, m2) THEN
-  429                                               SemError(202) END;
-  430                                             SymTab.PopScope;
-  431                                             SemError(230); .) .
-  432    MethodImpl<ct: SymTab.TypeIndex>      (. VAR pn: SymTab.Name; .)
-  433      = MethodHeading<pn> ";"
-  434                                          (. IF (ct #
-  435                                                SymTab.InvalidType)
-  436                                               & ~SymTab.MethodExists(ct,
-  437                                                    pn) THEN
-  438                                               SemError(201) END; .)
-  439        ( "FORWARD"                       (. SymTab.MarkFwd;
-  440                                             SymTab.CloseProc; .)
-  441        | Block<pn>                       (. SymTab.CloseProc;
-  442                                             SemError(230); .) ) .
-  443    ConstBlock
-  444      = "CONST" { ConstDecl ";" } .
-  445    ConstDecl                             (. VAR n: SymTab.Name;
-  446                                               t: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  447                                               qv: QbeGen.QVal;
-  448                                               cls: INTEGER; .)
-  449      = GetIdent<n>                       (. IF ~SymTab.Enter(n,
-  450                                               SymTab.KindConst) THEN
-  451                                               SemError(200) END; .)
-  452        "="
-  453        Expr<t, qv>                       (. SymTab.SetSymType(n, t);
-  454                                             cls := SymTab.ClassOf(t);
-  455                                             IF cls = SymTab.ClStr THEN
-  456                                               SemError(230)
-  457                                             ELSIF ~QbeGen.IsImm(qv) THEN
-  458                                               SemError(230) END;
-  459                                             QbeGen.DeclConst(n, qv, t); .) .
-  460    VarBlock
-  461      = "VAR" { VarDecl ";" } .
-  462    VarDecl                               (. VAR nm: SymTab.Name;
-  463                                               t: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  464                                               i: CARDINAL;
-  465                                               cls: INTEGER; .)
-  466      = VarIdents ":"
-  467        Type<t, FALSE>                    (. cls := SymTab.ClassOf(t);
-  468                                             IF (t # SymTab.InvalidType)
-  469                                                & (cls # SymTab.ClInt)
-  470                                                & (cls # SymTab.ClBool)
-  471                                                & (cls # SymTab.ClChar)
-  472                                                & (cls # SymTab.ClReal)
-  473                                                & (cls # SymTab.ClArray)
-  474                                                & (cls # SymTab.ClSet)
-  475                                                & (cls # SymTab.ClRecord) THEN
-  476                                               SemError(230) END;
-  477                                             i := 0;
-  478                                             WHILE i < SymTab.PendCount() DO
-  479                                               SymTab.PendName(i, nm);
-  480                                               QbeGen.DeclVar(nm, t);
-  481                                               INC(i)
-  482                                             END;
-  483                                             SymTab.FixPending(t); .) .
-  484    VarIdents                             (. VAR n: SymTab.Name; .)
-  485      = GetIdent<n>                       (. IF ~SymTab.EnterPending(n,
-  486                                               SymTab.KindVar) THEN
-  487                                               SemError(200) END; .)
-  488        { ","
-  489          GetIdent<n>                     (. IF ~SymTab.EnterPending(n,
-  490                                               SymTab.KindVar) THEN
-  491                                               SemError(200) END; .) } .
-  492    ParIdents<isV: BOOLEAN>               (. VAR n: SymTab.Name; .)
-  493      = GetIdent<n>                       (. IF ~SymTab.EnterParam(n, isV) THEN
-  494                                               SemError(200) END; .)
-  495        { "," GetIdent<n>                 (. IF ~SymTab.EnterParam(n, isV) THEN
-  496                                               SemError(200) END; .) } .
-  497    (* Procedure headings enter now (scopes, params, result); bodies
-  498       parse + check with one 230 at END (lowering = step 4).
-  499       FORWARD marks; the body heading re-enters (signature compare
-  500       tightens in step 4). *)
-  501    ProcHeading<VAR pn: SymTab.Name>      (. VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; .)
-  502      = "PROCEDURE"
-  503        GetIdent<pn>                      (. IF ~SymTab.EnterProc(pn) THEN
-  504                                             IF ~SymTab.ReenterProc(pn) THEN
-  505                                               SemError(200) END
-  506                                             END; .)
-  507        [ FormalParams ]
-  508        [ ":" TypeIdent<t>                (. SymTab.SetProcRes(t);
-  509                                             IF (t #
-  510                                                SymTab.InvalidType)
-  511                                                & (SymTab.ClassOf(t)
-  512                                                   = SymTab.ClArray) THEN
-  513                                               SemError(230) END; .) ] .
-  514    FormalParams
-  515      = "(" [ ParamSection { ";" ParamSection } ] ")" .
-  516    ParamSection                          (. VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  517                                               isV: BOOLEAN; .)
-  518      =                                   (. isV := FALSE; .)
-  519        [ "VAR"                           (. isV := TRUE; .) ]
-  520        ParIdents<isV> ":" Type<t, TRUE>  (. SymTab.FixPending(t); .) .
-  521    ProcDecl                              (. VAR pn, m2: SymTab.Name; .)
-  522      = ProcHeading<pn> ";"
-  523        ( "FORWARD"                       (. SymTab.MarkFwd;
-  524                                             SymTab.CloseProc; .)
-  525        | Block<pn>                       (. SymTab.CloseProc;
-  526                                             SemError(230); .) ) .
-  527    Block<pn: SymTab.Name>                (. VAR m2: SymTab.Name; .)
-  528      = DeclSeq
-  529        [ "BEGIN"
-  530          [ StatSeq ] ]
-  531        "END"
-  532        GetIdent<m2>                      (. IF ~SymTab.Equal(pn, m2) THEN
-  533                                               SemError(202) END; .) .
-  534    StatSeq
-  535      = Statement { ";" Statement } .
-  536    Statement                             (. VAR lx: QbeGen.QVal; .)
-  537      = Assign
-  538      | IfStat
-  539      | WhileStat
-  540      | RepeatStat
-  541      | LoopStat
-  542      | ForStat
-  543      | CaseStat
-  544      | WithStat
-  545      | ReturnStat
-  546      | "EXIT"                            (. IF QbeGen.TopLoop(lx) THEN
-  547                                               QbeGen.Jmp(lx)
-  548                                             ELSE SemError(230) END; .) .
-  549    (* WITH pushes each record's fields (inner wins) plus its base
-  550       address; field designators resolve through both stacks. *)
-  551    WithStat                              (. VAR nW: CARDINAL; .)
-  552      = "WITH"                            (. nW := 0; .)
-  553        WithItem<nW> { "," WithItem<nW> }
-  554        "DO" StatSeq "END"
-  555                                          (. WHILE nW > 0 DO
-  556                                               SymTab.PopScope;
-  557                                               QbeGen.PopWith;
-  558                                               DEC(nW)
-  559                                             END; .) .
-  560    WithItem<VAR nW: CARDINAL>            (. VAR dt: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  561                                               dk: INTEGER;
-  562                                               qd, qe: QbeGen.QVal;
-  563                                               qn: SymTab.Name;
-  564                                               sfx: BOOLEAN; .)
-  565      = Design<dt, dk, qd, qn, sfx>
-  566                                          (. IF dt = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
-  567                                             ELSIF (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) #
-  568                                                    SymTab.ClRecord)
-  569                                                & (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) #
-  570                                                   SymTab.ClClass) THEN
-  571                                               SemError(215)
-  572                                             ELSIF SymTab.PushRecord(dt) THEN
-  573                                               QbeGen.PushWith(qd);
-  574                                               INC(nW)
-  575                                             END; .) .
-  576    Assign                                (. VAR dt, et: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  577                                               dk: INTEGER;
-  578                                               qd, qe, qt: QbeGen.QVal;
-  579                                               qn: SymTab.Name;
-  580                                               isR, conv: BOOLEAN;
-  581                                               sfx: BOOLEAN; .)
-  582      = Design<dt, dk, qd, qn, sfx> ":="
-  583        Expr<et, qe>                      (. IF (dt # SymTab.InvalidType)
-  584                                             & (dk # SymTab.KindVar)
-  585                                             & (dk # SymTab.KindParam)
-  586                                             & (dk # SymTab.KindField) THEN
-  587                                             SemError(210)
-  588                                           ELSIF ~SymTab.Assignable(et,
-  589                                                    dt) THEN
-  590                                             SemError(210)
-  591                                           ELSIF (dt # SymTab.InvalidType)
-  592                                              & (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
-  593                                                 SymTab.ClClass) THEN
-  594                                             SemError(230) END;
-  595                                           isR := (dt #
-  596                                                   SymTab.InvalidType)
-  597                                                  & (SymTab.ClassOf(dt)
-  598                                                     = SymTab.ClReal);
-  599                                           conv := isR
-  600                                                   & SymTab.IsIntFamily(et);
-  601                                           IF ((dk = SymTab.KindVar)
-  602                                               OR (dk = SymTab.KindParam)
-  603                                               OR (dk = SymTab.KindField))
-  604                                              & (dt # SymTab.InvalidType)
-  605                                              & (et # SymTab.InvalidType)
-  606                                              & (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) #
-  607                                                 SymTab.ClClass) THEN
-  608                                             IF sfx
-  609                                                OR (dk = SymTab.KindField) THEN
-  610                                               IF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
-  611                                                  SymTab.ClArray THEN
-  612                                                 QbeGen.CopyArray(qd, qe,
-  613                                                   dt)
-  614                                               ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
-  615                                                   SymTab.ClSet THEN
-  616                                                 QbeGen.CopySet(qd, qe,
-  617                                                   SymTab.SetWords(dt),
-  618                                                   SymTab.SetWords(et))
-  619                                               ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
-  620                                                   SymTab.ClRecord THEN
-  621                                                 QbeGen.CopyRecord(qd, qe,
+   45     whole-record deep copy; record/set/class "=" is 213.
+   46     Step 3.6 pointers: vars (l), NIL as a real type (FNil — assignment
+   47     and =/# work, everything else 210-214/222), ^ deref with sfx
+   48     discipline (address flows, load at use; chains compose),
+   49     pointer =/# via ceql/cnel (< > etc. are 213), NEW/DISPOSE as
+   50     builtin statements via extern malloc/free (recursive skeleton
+   51     init; DISPOSE shallow and nils, deviating from Wirth-undefined);
+   52     nil-deref is raw (no check). *)
+   53  
+   54  IMPORT SymTab, QbeGen;
+   55  
+   56  CHARACTERS
+   57    eol      = CHR(13) .
+   58    lf       = CHR(10) .
+   59    letter   = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" .
+   60    digit    = "0123456789" .
+   61    hexDigit = digit + "ABCDEFabcdef" .
+   62    noQuote1 = ANY - "'" - eol .
+   63    noQuote2 = ANY - '"' - eol .
+   64  
+   65  IGNORE CHR(9) .. CHR(13)
+   66  
+   67  COMMENTS FROM "(*" TO "*)" NESTED
+   68  COMMENTS FROM "//" TO lf
+   69  
+   70  TOKENS
+   71    ident   = letter { letter | digit } .
+   72    integer = digit { digit }
+   73            | digit { digit } CONTEXT("..")
+   74            | "0x" hexDigit { hexDigit }
+   75            | "0X" hexDigit { hexDigit } .
+   76    real    = digit { digit } "." { digit }
+   77              [ ( "E" | "e" ) [ "+" | "-" ] digit { digit } ] .
+   78    string  = "'" { noQuote1 } "'"
+   79            | '"' { noQuote2 } '"' .
+   80  
+   81  PRODUCTIONS
+   82    M2
+   83      = Unit "." .
+   84    (* Units: program modules compile fully; DEFINITION and
+   85       IMPLEMENTATION modules parse + check now but lower in step 4
+   86       (each ends with one 230); same for nested local modules. *)
+   87    Unit
+   88      = DefUnit
+   89      | ImplUnit
+   90      | ProgModule .
+   91    DefUnit                               (. VAR m1, m2, pn: SymTab.Name; .)
+   92      = "DEFINITION" "MODULE"
+   93        GetIdent<m1>                      (. SymTab.Init; QbeGen.OpenModule(m1);
+   94                                             IF ~SymTab.Enter(m1,
+   95                                                SymTab.KindModule) THEN
+   96                                               SemError(200) END; .)
+   97        ";"
+   98        { Import }
+   99        { ConstBlock | TypeBlock<TRUE> | VarBlock
+  100        | ProcHeading<pn> ";"             (. SymTab.CloseProc; .) }
+  101        "END"
+  102        GetIdent<m2>                      (. IF ~SymTab.Equal(m1, m2) THEN
+  103                                               SemError(202) END; .)
+  104                                          (. QbeGen.CloseModule;
+  105                                             SemError(230);
+  106                                             SymTab.PrintTable; .) .
+  107    ImplUnit                              (. VAR m1, m2: SymTab.Name; .)
+  108      = "IMPLEMENTATION" "MODULE"
+  109        GetIdent<m1>                      (. SymTab.Init; QbeGen.OpenModule(m1);
+  110                                             IF ~SymTab.Enter(m1,
+  111                                                SymTab.KindModule) THEN
+  112                                               SemError(200) END; .)
+  113        ";"
+  114        { Import }
+  115        DeclSeq
+  116        [ "BEGIN"                         (. QbeGen.BeginBody; .)
+  117          [ StatSeq ] ]
+  118        "END"
+  119        GetIdent<m2>                      (. IF ~SymTab.Equal(m1, m2) THEN
+  120                                               SemError(202) END; .)
+  121                                          (. QbeGen.CloseModule;
+  122                                             SemError(230);
+  123                                             SymTab.PrintTable; .) .
+  124    ProgModule                            (. VAR m1, m2: SymTab.Name; .)
+  125      = "MODULE"
+  126        GetIdent<m1>                      (. SymTab.Init; QbeGen.OpenModule(m1);
+  127                                             IF ~SymTab.Enter(m1,
+  128                                                SymTab.KindModule) THEN
+  129                                               SemError(200) END; .)
+  130        [ Priority ]
+  131        ";"
+  132        { Import }
+  133        DeclSeq
+  134        [ "BEGIN"                         (. QbeGen.BeginBody; .)
+  135          [ StatSeq ] ]
+  136        "END"
+  137        GetIdent<m2>                      (. IF ~SymTab.Equal(m1, m2) THEN
+  138                                               SemError(202) END; .)
+  139                                          (. QbeGen.EndModule;
+  140                                             SymTab.PrintTable; .) .
+  141    DeclSeq
+  142      = { ConstBlock | TypeBlock<FALSE> | VarBlock | ProcDecl ";"
+  143        | NestedModule ";" | ClassItem ";" } .
+  144    (* Local module, Wirth form. Parses + checks fully (own scope);
+  145       lowering waits for step 4, marked by one 230 at END. *)
+  146    NestedModule                          (. VAR m1, m2: SymTab.Name; .)
+  147      = "MODULE"
+  148        GetIdent<m1>                      (. IF ~SymTab.Enter(m1,
+  149                                               SymTab.KindModule) THEN
+  150                                               SemError(200) END;
+  151                                             SymTab.PushScope; .)
+  152        [ Priority ]
+  153        ";"
+  154        { Import }
+  155        [ Export ]
+  156        DeclSeq
+  157        [ "BEGIN"
+  158          [ StatSeq ] ]
+  159        "END"
+  160        GetIdent<m2>                      (. IF ~SymTab.Equal(m1, m2) THEN
+  161                                               SemError(202) END;
+  162                                             SymTab.PopScope;
+  163                                             SemError(230); .) .
+  164    Priority
+  165      = "[" integer "]"                   (. SemError(230); .) .
+  166    Export                                (. VAR nm: SymTab.Name; .)
+  167      = "EXPORT"                          (* names wire up in step 4 *)
+  168        [ "QUALIFIED" ]
+  169        GetIdent<nm>
+  170        { "," GetIdent<nm> }
+  171        ";" .
+  172    Import                                (. VAR n: SymTab.Name; .)
+  173      = "FROM"
+  174        GetIdent<n>                       (. IF ~SymTab.Enter(n,
+  175                                               SymTab.KindImport) THEN
+  176                                               SemError(200) END; .)
+  177        "IMPORT"
+  178        ImpList ";"
+  179      | "IMPORT"
+  180        ImpList ";" .
+  181    ImpList                               (. VAR n: SymTab.Name; .)
+  182      = GetIdent<n>                       (. IF ~SymTab.Enter(n,
+  183                                               SymTab.KindImport) THEN
+  184                                               SemError(200) END; .)
+  185        { ","
+  186          GetIdent<n>                     (. IF ~SymTab.Enter(n,
+  187                                               SymTab.KindImport) THEN
+  188                                               SemError(200) END; .) } .
+  189    (* Opaque TYPE declarations (definition modules). The targetless
+  190       alias resolves to InvalidType until step 4 completes it. *)
+  191    (* Scalar-phase TYPEs: named types, integer subranges, enumerations.
+  192       Opaque "TYPE T;" needs isDef (definition units); elsewhere 231.
+  193       Composite forms (ARRAY/RECORD/SET/POINTER) arrive with step 3. *)
+  194    TypeBlock<isDef: BOOLEAN>
+  195      = "TYPE" { TypeItem<isDef> ";" | ClassItem ";" } .
+  196    TypeItem<isDef: BOOLEAN>              (. VAR n: SymTab.Name;
+  197                                               t: SymTab.TypeIndex; .)
+  198      = GetIdent<n>                       (. IF ~SymTab.Enter(n,
+  199                                               SymTab.KindType) THEN
+  200                                               SemError(200) END; .)
+  201        ( "=" Type<t, FALSE>              (. SymTab.SetSymType(n, t); .)
+  202        |                                 (. IF ~isDef THEN
+  203                                               SemError(231) END;
+  204                                             SymTab.SetSymType(n,
+  205                                               SymTab.NewAlias()); .) ) .
+  206    Type<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; allowOpen: BOOLEAN>
+  207      = TypeIdent<t>
+  208      | Subrange<t>
+  209      | Enum<t>
+  210      | ArrayType<t, allowOpen>
+  211      | SetType<t>
+  212      | RecordType<t>
+  213      | PointerType<t> .
+  214    PointerType<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex>  (. VAR base: SymTab.TypeIndex; .)
+  215      = "POINTER" "TO" Type<base, FALSE>(. t := SymTab.NewPtr(base); .) .
+  216    (* Arrays: "OF" without bounds is an open formal (allowed only
+  217       where allowOpen); "[lo..hi, ...]" nests bounded levels inside
+  218       out. Bounds are folded literals (int/char); anything else 230.
+  219       Bare-type indices ("ARRAY Color OF") wait for enum ordinals. *)
+  220    ArrayType<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; allowOpen: BOOLEAN>
+  221                                          (. VAR elem: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  222                                               ok: BOOLEAN; .)
+  223      = "ARRAY"
+  224        ( "OF" Type<elem, FALSE>          (. IF ~allowOpen THEN
+  225                                               SemError(230) END;
+  226                                             t := SymTab.NewOpenArray(elem); .)
+  227        | "["                             (. SymTab.BoundBegin; ok := TRUE; .)
+  228          BoundPair<ok>
+  229          { "," BoundPair<ok> }
+  230          "]" "OF" Type<elem, FALSE>
+  231                                          (. IF ok THEN
+  232                                               t := SymTab.NestArray(elem)
+  233                                             ELSE t := SymTab.InvalidType
+  234                                             END; .) ) .
+  235    BoundPair<VAR ok: BOOLEAN>            (. VAR tlo, thi: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  236                                               qlo, qhi: QbeGen.QVal;
+  237                                               lo, hi: INTEGER;
+  238                                               cl, cl2: INTEGER; .)
+  239      = Expr<tlo, qlo> ".." Expr<thi, qhi>
+  240                                          (. IF (tlo = SymTab.InvalidType)
+  241                                              OR (thi = SymTab.InvalidType) THEN
+  242                                             ok := FALSE
+  243                                           ELSE cl := SymTab.ClassOf(tlo);
+  244                                             cl2 := SymTab.ClassOf(thi);
+  245                                             IF ((cl # SymTab.ClInt)
+  246                                                & (cl # SymTab.ClChar))
+  247                                                OR ((cl2 # SymTab.ClInt)
+  248                                                & (cl2 # SymTab.ClChar)) THEN
+  249                                               SemError(230); ok := FALSE
+  250                                             ELSIF ~SymTab.ConstInt(qlo, lo)
+  251                                                OR ~SymTab.ConstInt(qhi, hi)
+  252                                                OR (lo > hi) THEN
+  253                                               SemError(230); ok := FALSE
+  254                                             ELSIF ~SymTab.BoundAdd(lo, hi) THEN
+  255                                               SemError(230); ok := FALSE
+  256                                             END; .) .
+  257    (* Sets: multi-word masks over bases ≤ 256 values (bool, char,
+  258       bounded subranges; enums wait for ordinals, INTEGER is
+  259       unbounded). Literals are SET OF [0..255]; assignment and
+  260       comparison across suitable bases are lenient (masks over min
+  261       words + zero-check extras), out-of-span literals are 222. *)
+  262    SetType<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex>      (. VAR base: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  263                                               blo, bhi, bspan: INTEGER;
+  264                                               bcls: INTEGER; .)
+  265      = "SET" "OF" Type<base, FALSE>
+  266                                          (. IF base = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+  267                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
+  268                                             ELSE bcls :=
+  269                                                    SymTab.ClassOf(base);
+  270                                               IF bcls = SymTab.ClBool THEN
+  271                                                 blo := 0; bspan := 2
+  272                                               ELSIF bcls = SymTab.ClChar THEN
+  273                                                 blo := 0; bspan := 256
+  274                                               ELSIF SymTab.SubBounds(base,
+  275                                                       blo, bhi) THEN
+  276                                                 bspan := bhi - blo + 1
+  277                                               ELSE bspan := 0 END;
+  278                                               IF (bspan <= 0)
+  279                                                  OR (bspan > 256) THEN
+  280                                                 SemError(230);
+  281                                                 t := SymTab.InvalidType
+  282                                               ELSE t := SymTab.NewSet(base)
+  283                                               END
+  284                                             END; .) .
+  285    (* Records: flat blobs; array fields are pointers to static
+  286       descriptors (locked amendment), nested records inline. Field
+  287       offsets static and declaration-ordered. *)
+  288    RecordType<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex>   (. VAR t2: SymTab.TypeIndex; .)
+  289      = "RECORD"                          (. t := SymTab.NewRecord(); .)
+  290        [ RecField<t> { ";" RecField<t> } ]
+  291        "END" .
+  292    RecField<rec: SymTab.TypeIndex>       (. VAR n: SymTab.Name;
+  293                                               t2: SymTab.TypeIndex; .)
+  294      = RecIdents<rec> ":" Type<t2, FALSE>(. SymTab.FixPendingF(rec, t2); .) .
+  295    RecIdents<rec: SymTab.TypeIndex>      (. VAR n: SymTab.Name; .)
+  296      = GetIdent<n>                       (. IF ~SymTab.FieldPending(rec,
+  297                                               n) THEN
+  298                                               SemError(200) END; .)
+  299        { "," GetIdent<n>                 (. IF ~SymTab.FieldPending(rec,
+  300                                               n) THEN
+  301                                               SemError(200) END; .) } .
+  302    TypeIdent<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex>    (. VAR n: SymTab.Name;
+  303                                               k: INTEGER; .)
+  304      = GetIdent<n>                       (. IF ~SymTab.Lookup(n) THEN
+  305                                               SemError(201);
+  306                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
+  307                                             ELSE k := SymTab.SymKind(n);
+  308                                               IF (k = SymTab.KindType)
+  309                                                  OR (k = SymTab.KindPredef) THEN
+  310                                                 t := SymTab.SymType(n)
+  311                                               ELSIF k = SymTab.KindImport THEN
+  312                                                 t := SymTab.InvalidType
+  313                                               ELSE SemError(221);
+  314                                                 t := SymTab.InvalidType
+  315                                               END
+  316                                             END; .) .
+  317    Subrange<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex>     (. VAR tlo, thi: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  318                                               qlo, qhi: QbeGen.QVal;
+  319                                               lo, hi: INTEGER; .)
+  320      = "[" Expr<tlo, qlo> ".." Expr<thi, qhi>
+  321                                          (. IF (tlo = SymTab.InvalidType)
+  322                                              OR (thi = SymTab.InvalidType) THEN
+  323                                             t := SymTab.InvalidType
+  324                                           ELSIF (SymTab.ClassOf(tlo) #
+  325                                                  SymTab.ClInt)
+  326                                              OR (SymTab.ClassOf(thi) #
+  327                                                  SymTab.ClInt) THEN
+  328                                             SemError(230);
+  329                                             t := SymTab.InvalidType
+  330                                           ELSIF ~SymTab.ConstInt(qlo, lo)
+  331                                              OR ~SymTab.ConstInt(qhi, hi)
+  332                                              OR (lo > hi) THEN
+  333                                             SemError(230);
+  334                                             t := SymTab.InvalidType
+  335                                           ELSE t := SymTab.NewSubR(lo, hi)
+  336                                           END; .)
+  337        "]" .
+  338    Enum<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex>         (. VAR n: SymTab.Name; .)
+  339      = "("                               (. t := SymTab.NewEnum(); .)
+  340        GetIdent<n>                       (. IF ~SymTab.Enter(n,
+  341                                               SymTab.KindConst) THEN
+  342                                               SemError(200) END;
+  343                                             SymTab.SetSymType(n, t); .)
+  344        { "," GetIdent<n>                 (. IF ~SymTab.Enter(n,
+  345                                               SymTab.KindConst) THEN
+  346                                               SemError(200) END;
+  347                                             SymTab.SetSymType(n, t); .) }
+  348        ")" .
+  349    (* Clarion-form classes (docs/OOP.txt): declaration + single
+  350       inheritance + IMPLEMENTATION blocks. Scopes and member checks
+  351       now; lowering (vtable, dispatch, THIS) later — one 230 per
+  352       class/impl block. Methods end with ";" per the Table example
+  353       (not "," as in the sketch). No underscores in identifiers. *)
+  354    (* Single CLASS item in both loops: separating declaration from
+  355       IMPLEMENTATION at the loop level needs 2-token lookahead
+  356       (CLASS ident vs CLASS IMPLEMENTATION), which LL(1) cannot do.
+  357       The second token decides after CLASS is consumed. A misplaced
+  358       CLASS IMPLEMENTATION inside TYPE still parses (harmless: the
+  359       whole unit ends 230 until lowering). *)
+  360    ClassItem
+  361      = "CLASS" ( "IMPLEMENTATION" ClassImplRest | ClassRest ) .
+  362    ClassRest                             (. VAR cn, m2, pn: SymTab.Name;
+  363                                               ct: SymTab.TypeIndex; .)
+  364      = GetIdent<cn>                      (. IF ~SymTab.Enter(cn,
+  365                                               SymTab.KindType) THEN
+  366                                               SemError(200) END;
+  367                                             ct := SymTab.NewClass();
+  368                                             SymTab.SetSymType(cn, ct);
+  369                                             SymTab.PushClassScope(ct); .)
+  370        [ Parents<ct> ]
+  371        ";"
+  372        { ClassField<ct> ";" }
+  373        { MethodHeading<pn> ";"           (. SymTab.CloseProc; .) }
+  374        "END"
+  375        GetIdent<m2>                      (. IF ~SymTab.Equal(cn, m2) THEN
+  376                                               SemError(202) END;
+  377                                             SymTab.PopScope;
+  378                                             SemError(230); .) .
+  379    Parents<ct: SymTab.TypeIndex>         (. VAR p: SymTab.Name; .)
+  380      = "(" Parent1<ct>
+  381        { "," GetIdent<p>                 (. SemError(230); .) }
+  382        ")" .
+  383    Parent1<ct: SymTab.TypeIndex>         (. VAR p: SymTab.Name;
+  384                                               pt: SymTab.TypeIndex; .)
+  385      = GetIdent<p>                       (. IF ~SymTab.Lookup(p) THEN
+  386                                               SemError(201)
+  387                                             ELSE pt := SymTab.SymType(p);
+  388                                               IF SymTab.ClassOf(pt) #
+  389                                                  SymTab.ClClass THEN
+  390                                                 SemError(230)
+  391                                               ELSE SymTab.SetParent(ct, pt)
+  392                                               END
+  393                                             END; .) .
+  394    ClassField<ct: SymTab.TypeIndex>      (. VAR n, rhs: SymTab.Name;
+  395                                               t: SymTab.TypeIndex; .)
+  396      = GetIdent<n>
+  397        ( "=" GetIdent<rhs>               (. IF ~SymTab.Enter(n,
+  398                                               SymTab.KindConst) THEN
+  399                                               SemError(200) END;
+  400                                             IF SymTab.Lookup(rhs) THEN
+  401                                               SymTab.SetSymType(n,
+  402                                                 SymTab.SymType(rhs))
+  403                                             END; .)
+  404        |                                 (. IF ~SymTab.FieldPending(ct,
+  405                                               n) THEN
+  406                                               SemError(200) END; .)
+  407          { "," GetIdent<n>               (. IF ~SymTab.FieldPending(ct,
+  408                                               n) THEN
+  409                                               SemError(200) END; .) }
+  410          ":" Type<t, FALSE>              (. SymTab.FixPendingF(ct, t); .) ) .
+  411    MethodHeading<VAR pn: SymTab.Name>    (. VAR wantVirt: BOOLEAN; .)
+  412      =                                   (. wantVirt := FALSE; .)
+  413        [ "VIRTUAL"                       (. wantVirt := TRUE; .) ]
+  414        ProcHeading<pn>                   (. IF wantVirt THEN
+  415                                               SymTab.MarkVirtual END; .) .
+  416    ClassImplRest                         (. VAR cn, m2: SymTab.Name;
+  417                                               ct: SymTab.TypeIndex; .)
+  418      = GetIdent<cn>                      (. IF ~SymTab.Lookup(cn) THEN
+  419                                               SemError(201);
+  420                                               ct := SymTab.InvalidType
+  421                                             ELSE ct := SymTab.SymType(cn);
+  422                                               IF SymTab.ClassOf(ct) #
+  423                                                  SymTab.ClClass THEN
+  424                                                 SemError(230);
+  425                                                 ct := SymTab.InvalidType
+  426                                               END
+  427                                             END;
+  428                                             IF ct #
+  429                                                SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+  430                                               IF ~SymTab.PushClassMembers(
+  431                                                      ct) THEN
+  432                                                 SemError(230) END
+  433                                             END; .)
+  434        ";" { MethodImpl<ct> ";" }
+  435        [ "BEGIN"
+  436          [ StatSeq ] ]
+  437        "END"
+  438        GetIdent<m2>                      (. IF ~SymTab.Equal(cn, m2) THEN
+  439                                               SemError(202) END;
+  440                                             SymTab.PopScope;
+  441                                             SemError(230); .) .
+  442    MethodImpl<ct: SymTab.TypeIndex>      (. VAR pn: SymTab.Name; .)
+  443      = MethodHeading<pn> ";"
+  444                                          (. IF (ct #
+  445                                                SymTab.InvalidType)
+  446                                               & ~SymTab.MethodExists(ct,
+  447                                                    pn) THEN
+  448                                               SemError(201) END; .)
+  449        ( "FORWARD"                       (. SymTab.MarkFwd;
+  450                                             SymTab.CloseProc; .)
+  451        | Block<pn>                       (. SymTab.CloseProc;
+  452                                             SemError(230); .) ) .
+  453    ConstBlock
+  454      = "CONST" { ConstDecl ";" } .
+  455    ConstDecl                             (. VAR n: SymTab.Name;
+  456                                               t: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  457                                               qv: QbeGen.QVal;
+  458                                               cls: INTEGER; .)
+  459      = GetIdent<n>                       (. IF ~SymTab.Enter(n,
+  460                                               SymTab.KindConst) THEN
+  461                                               SemError(200) END; .)
+  462        "="
+  463        Expr<t, qv>                       (. SymTab.SetSymType(n, t);
+  464                                             cls := SymTab.ClassOf(t);
+  465                                             IF cls = SymTab.ClStr THEN
+  466                                               SemError(230)
+  467                                             ELSIF ~QbeGen.IsImm(qv) THEN
+  468                                               SemError(230) END;
+  469                                             QbeGen.DeclConst(n, qv, t); .) .
+  470    VarBlock
+  471      = "VAR" { VarDecl ";" } .
+  472    VarDecl                               (. VAR nm: SymTab.Name;
+  473                                               t: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  474                                               i: CARDINAL;
+  475                                               cls: INTEGER; .)
+  476      = VarIdents ":"
+  477        Type<t, FALSE>                    (. cls := SymTab.ClassOf(t);
+  478                                             IF (t # SymTab.InvalidType)
+  479                                                & (cls # SymTab.ClInt)
+  480                                                & (cls # SymTab.ClBool)
+  481                                                & (cls # SymTab.ClChar)
+  482                                                & (cls # SymTab.ClReal)
+  483                                                & (cls # SymTab.ClArray)
+  484                                                & (cls # SymTab.ClSet)
+  485                                                & (cls # SymTab.ClRecord)
+  486                                                & (cls # SymTab.ClPtr) THEN
+  487                                               SemError(230) END;
+  488                                             i := 0;
+  489                                             WHILE i < SymTab.PendCount() DO
+  490                                               SymTab.PendName(i, nm);
+  491                                               QbeGen.DeclVar(nm, t);
+  492                                               INC(i)
+  493                                             END;
+  494                                             SymTab.FixPending(t); .) .
+  495    VarIdents                             (. VAR n: SymTab.Name; .)
+  496      = GetIdent<n>                       (. IF ~SymTab.EnterPending(n,
+  497                                               SymTab.KindVar) THEN
+  498                                               SemError(200) END; .)
+  499        { ","
+  500          GetIdent<n>                     (. IF ~SymTab.EnterPending(n,
+  501                                               SymTab.KindVar) THEN
+  502                                               SemError(200) END; .) } .
+  503    ParIdents<isV: BOOLEAN>               (. VAR n: SymTab.Name; .)
+  504      = GetIdent<n>                       (. IF ~SymTab.EnterParam(n, isV) THEN
+  505                                               SemError(200) END; .)
+  506        { "," GetIdent<n>                 (. IF ~SymTab.EnterParam(n, isV) THEN
+  507                                               SemError(200) END; .) } .
+  508    (* Procedure headings enter now (scopes, params, result); bodies
+  509       parse + check with one 230 at END (lowering = step 4).
+  510       FORWARD marks; the body heading re-enters (signature compare
+  511       tightens in step 4). *)
+  512    ProcHeading<VAR pn: SymTab.Name>      (. VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; .)
+  513      = "PROCEDURE"
+  514        GetIdent<pn>                      (. IF ~SymTab.EnterProc(pn) THEN
+  515                                             IF ~SymTab.ReenterProc(pn) THEN
+  516                                               SemError(200) END
+  517                                             END; .)
+  518        [ FormalParams ]
+  519        [ ":" TypeIdent<t>                (. SymTab.SetProcRes(t);
+  520                                             IF (t #
+  521                                                SymTab.InvalidType)
+  522                                                & (SymTab.ClassOf(t)
+  523                                                   = SymTab.ClArray) THEN
+  524                                               SemError(230) END; .) ] .
+  525    FormalParams
+  526      = "(" [ ParamSection { ";" ParamSection } ] ")" .
+  527    ParamSection                          (. VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  528                                               isV: BOOLEAN; .)
+  529      =                                   (. isV := FALSE; .)
+  530        [ "VAR"                           (. isV := TRUE; .) ]
+  531        ParIdents<isV> ":" Type<t, TRUE>  (. SymTab.FixPending(t); .) .
+  532    ProcDecl                              (. VAR pn, m2: SymTab.Name; .)
+  533      = ProcHeading<pn> ";"
+  534        ( "FORWARD"                       (. SymTab.MarkFwd;
+  535                                             SymTab.CloseProc; .)
+  536        | Block<pn>                       (. SymTab.CloseProc;
+  537                                             SemError(230); .) ) .
+  538    Block<pn: SymTab.Name>                (. VAR m2: SymTab.Name; .)
+  539      = DeclSeq
+  540        [ "BEGIN"
+  541          [ StatSeq ] ]
+  542        "END"
+  543        GetIdent<m2>                      (. IF ~SymTab.Equal(pn, m2) THEN
+  544                                               SemError(202) END; .) .
+  545    StatSeq
+  546      = Statement { ";" Statement } .
+  547    Statement                             (. VAR lx: QbeGen.QVal; .)
+  548      = Assign
+  549      | IfStat
+  550      | WhileStat
+  551      | RepeatStat
+  552      | LoopStat
+  553      | ForStat
+  554      | CaseStat
+  555      | WithStat
+  556      | ReturnStat
+  557      | NewStat
+  558      | DisposeStat
+  559      | "EXIT"                            (. IF QbeGen.TopLoop(lx) THEN
+  560                                               QbeGen.Jmp(lx)
+  561                                             ELSE SemError(230) END; .) .
+  562    (* NEW/DISPOSE as builtin statements (no call syntax until step 4).
+  563       Targets are pointer designators; DISPOSE nils afterwards (safer
+  564       than Wirth-undefined; documented). DISPOSE is shallow. *)
+  565    NewStat                               (. VAR dt: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  566                                               dk: INTEGER;
+  567                                               qd, qm: QbeGen.QVal;
+  568                                               qn: SymTab.Name;
+  569                                               sfx: BOOLEAN;
+  570                                               bt: SymTab.TypeIndex; .)
+  571      = "NEW" "(" Design<dt, dk, qd, qn, sfx> ")"
+  572                                          (. IF dt = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+  573                                             ELSIF (dk # SymTab.KindVar)
+  574                                                & (dk # SymTab.KindParam)
+  575                                                & (dk # SymTab.KindField) THEN
+  576                                               SemError(210)
+  577                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) #
+  578                                                   SymTab.ClPtr THEN
+  579                                               SemError(219)
+  580                                             ELSE bt := SymTab.PtrBase(dt);
+  581                                               IF bt #
+  582                                                  SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+  583                                                 QbeGen.NewHeap(bt, qm);
+  584                                                 QbeGen.InitHeap(qm, bt);
+  585                                                 IF sfx
+  586                                                    OR (dk =
+  587                                                       SymTab.KindField) THEN
+  588                                                   QbeGen.ElemStore(qd, qm,
+  589                                                     dt)
+  590                                                 ELSE QbeGen.StorePtr(qn,
+  591                                                   qm)
+  592                                                 END
+  593                                               END
+  594                                             END; .) .
+  595    DisposeStat                           (. VAR dt: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  596                                               dk: INTEGER;
+  597                                               qd, qv: QbeGen.QVal;
+  598                                               qn: SymTab.Name;
+  599                                               sfx: BOOLEAN; .)
+  600      = "DISPOSE" "(" Design<dt, dk, qd, qn, sfx> ")"
+  601                                          (. IF dt = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+  602                                             ELSIF (dk # SymTab.KindVar)
+  603                                                & (dk # SymTab.KindParam)
+  604                                                & (dk # SymTab.KindField) THEN
+  605                                               SemError(210)
+  606                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) #
+  607                                                   SymTab.ClPtr THEN
+  608                                               SemError(219)
+  609                                             ELSE
+  610                                               IF sfx
+  611                                                  OR (dk =
+  612                                                     SymTab.KindField) THEN
+  613                                                 QbeGen.ElemLoad(qd, dt,
+  614                                                   qv)
+  615                                               ELSE QbeGen.LoadPtr(qn, qv)
+  616                                               END;
+  617                                               QbeGen.FreeHeap(qv);
+  618                                               IF sfx
+  619                                                  OR (dk =
+  620                                                     SymTab.KindField) THEN
+  621                                                 QbeGen.ElemStore(qd, "0",
   622                                                   dt)
-  623                                               ELSIF conv THEN
-  624                                                 QbeGen.ConvIR(qe, qt);
-  625                                                 QbeGen.ElemStore(qd, qt,
-  626                                                   dt)
-  627                                               ELSE QbeGen.ElemStore(qd, qe,
-  628                                                 dt)
-  629                                               END
-  630                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
-  631                                                   SymTab.ClArray THEN
-  632                                               QbeGen.CopyArray(qd, qe, dt)
-  633                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
-  634                                                   SymTab.ClSet THEN
-  635                                               QbeGen.CopySet(qd, qe,
-  636                                                 SymTab.SetWords(dt),
-  637                                                 SymTab.SetWords(et))
-  638                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
-  639                                                   SymTab.ClRecord THEN
-  640                                               QbeGen.CopyRecord(qd, qe, dt)
-  641                                             ELSIF conv THEN
-  642                                               QbeGen.ConvIR(qe, qt);
-  643                                               QbeGen.StoreVar(qn, qt, TRUE)
-  644                                             ELSE
-  645                                               QbeGen.StoreVar(qn, qe, isR)
-  646                                             END
-  647                                           END; .) .
-  648    IfStat                                (. VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  649                                               q, lThen, lElse, lEnd:
-  650                                                 QbeGen.QVal;
-  651                                               hasElse: BOOLEAN; .)
-  652      = "IF"                              (. hasElse := FALSE; .)
-  653        Expr<t, q>                        (. IF ~SymTab.BoolCheck(t) THEN
-  654                                               SemError(214) END;
-  655                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lThen);
-  656                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lElse);
-  657                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lEnd);
-  658                                             QbeGen.Jnz(q, lThen, lElse);
-  659                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lThen); .)
-  660        "THEN" StatSeq                    (. QbeGen.Jmp(lEnd); .)
-  661        { "ELSIF"                         (. QbeGen.EmitLabel(lElse);
-  662                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lElse); .)
-  663          Expr<t, q>                      (. IF ~SymTab.BoolCheck(t) THEN
-  664                                               SemError(214) END;
-  665                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lThen);
-  666                                             QbeGen.Jnz(q, lThen, lElse);
-  667                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lThen); .)
-  668          "THEN" StatSeq                  (. QbeGen.Jmp(lEnd); .) }
-  669        [ "ELSE"                          (. QbeGen.EmitLabel(lElse);
-  670                                             hasElse := TRUE; .)
-  671          StatSeq ]
-  672        "END"                             (. IF hasElse THEN
-  673                                               QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd)
-  674                                             ELSE QbeGen.EmitLabel(lElse);
-  675                                               QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd)
-  676                                             END; .) .
-  677    WhileStat                             (. VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  678                                               q, lTop, lBody, lEnd:
-  679                                                 QbeGen.QVal; .)
-  680      = "WHILE"                           (. QbeGen.NewLabel(lTop);
-  681                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lBody);
-  682                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lEnd);
-  683                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lTop); .)
-  684        Expr<t, q>                        (. IF ~SymTab.BoolCheck(t) THEN
-  685                                               SemError(214) END;
-  686                                             QbeGen.Jnz(q, lBody, lEnd);
-  687                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lBody); .)
-  688        "DO" StatSeq                      (. QbeGen.Jmp(lTop); .)
-  689        "END"                             (. QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd); .) .
-  690    RepeatStat                            (. VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  691                                               q, lTop, lEnd: QbeGen.QVal; .)
-  692      = "REPEAT"                          (. QbeGen.NewLabel(lTop);
-  693                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lEnd);
-  694                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lTop); .)
-  695        StatSeq
-  696        "UNTIL" Expr<t, q>                (. IF ~SymTab.BoolCheck(t) THEN
-  697                                               SemError(214) END;
-  698                                             QbeGen.Jnz(q, lEnd, lTop);
-  699                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd); .) .
-  700    LoopStat                              (. VAR lTop, lEnd: QbeGen.QVal; .)
-  701      = "LOOP"                            (. QbeGen.NewLabel(lTop);
-  702                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lEnd);
-  703                                             QbeGen.PushLoop(lEnd);
-  704                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lTop); .)
-  705        StatSeq
-  706        "END"                             (. QbeGen.Jmp(lTop);
-  707                                             QbeGen.PopLoop;
-  708                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd); .) .
-  709    (* FOR with static-sign BY (literal, non-zero; 220 otherwise).
-  710       Runtime direction would need a compare-select; the literal
-  711       sign picks cslew/csegew at "DO" time. *)
-  712    ForStat                               (. VAR lv: SymTab.Name;
-  713                                               tlo, thi, tby:
-  714                                                 SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  715                                               qlo, qhi, qby, qt, qk, qb:
-  716                                                 QbeGen.QVal;
-  717                                               lTop, lBody, lEnd:
-  718                                                 QbeGen.QVal;
-  719                                               by: INTEGER;
-  720                                               ok: BOOLEAN; .)
-  721      = "FOR"                             (. by := 1; .)
-  722        GetIdent<lv>                      (. ok := SymTab.Lookup(lv);
-  723                                             IF ~ok THEN
-  724                                               SemError(201)
-  725                                             ELSIF (SymTab.SymKind(lv) #
-  726                                                    SymTab.KindVar)
-  727                                                & (SymTab.SymKind(lv) #
-  728                                                   SymTab.KindParam) THEN
-  729                                               SemError(220); ok := FALSE
-  730                                             ELSIF ~SymTab.IsIntFamily(
-  731                                                     SymTab.SymType(lv)) THEN
-  732                                               SemError(220); ok := FALSE
-  733                                             END; .)
-  734        ":=" Expr<tlo, qlo>               (. IF ~SymTab.IsIntFamily(tlo) THEN
-  735                                               SemError(220); ok := FALSE
-  736                                             END; .)
-  737        "TO" Expr<thi, qhi>               (. IF ~SymTab.IsIntFamily(thi) THEN
-  738                                               SemError(220); ok := FALSE
-  739                                             END; .)
-  740        [ "BY" Expr<tby, qby>             (. IF (tby #
-  741                                               SymTab.InvalidType)
-  742                                              & ~SymTab.IsIntFamily(tby) THEN
-  743                                               SemError(220); ok := FALSE
-  744                                             END;
-  745                                             IF ~SymTab.ConstInt(qby, by) THEN
-  746                                               SemError(230); by := 1
-  747                                             ELSIF by = 0 THEN
-  748                                               SemError(220); by := 1
-  749                                             END; .) ]
-  750        "DO"                              (. IF ok THEN
-  751                                               QbeGen.StoreVar(lv, qlo,
-  752                                                 FALSE) END;
-  753                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lTop);
-  754                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lBody);
-  755                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lEnd);
-  756                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lTop);
-  757                                             QbeGen.LoadVar(lv, FALSE, qt);
-  758                                             QbeGen.NewTemp(qk);
-  759                                             IF by > 0 THEN
-  760                                               QbeGen.Op3("cslew", qk,
-  761                                                 qt, qhi, FALSE)
-  762                                             ELSE QbeGen.Op3("csgew", qk,
-  763                                               qt, qhi, FALSE)
-  764                                             END;
-  765                                             QbeGen.Jnz(qk, lBody, lEnd);
-  766                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lBody); .)
-  767        StatSeq
-  768        "END"                             (. IF ok THEN
-  769                                               QbeGen.LoadVar(lv, FALSE,
-  770                                                 qt);
-  771                                               QbeGen.IntStr(by, qb);
-  772                                               QbeGen.NewTemp(qk);
-  773                                               QbeGen.Op3("add", qk,
-  774                                                 qt, qb, FALSE);
-  775                                               QbeGen.StoreVar(lv, qk,
-  776                                                 FALSE) END;
-  777                                             QbeGen.Jmp(lTop);
-  778                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd); .) .
-  779    CaseStat                              (. VAR tsel: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  780                                               qsel, lEnd: QbeGen.QVal; .)
-  781      = "CASE" Expr<tsel, qsel>           (. QbeGen.NewLabel(lEnd); .)
-  782        "OF" CaseAlt<tsel, qsel, lEnd>
-  783        { "|" CaseAlt<tsel, qsel, lEnd> }
-  784        [ "ELSE" StatSeq ]
-  785        "END"                             (. QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd); .) .
-  786    (* Compare-chain lowering: each alternative ends its match-tests
-  787       with "jmp lAfter", so the no-match fallthrough skips the body:
-  788       "cmp; jnz(lBody,lF); lF: ... ; jmp lAfter; lBody: S; jmp lEnd;
-  789       lAfter:". Falls into the next alternative, ELSE, or END. *)
-  790    CaseAlt<tsel: SymTab.TypeIndex; qsel: QbeGen.QVal;
-  791            lEnd: QbeGen.QVal>            (. VAR lBody, lAfter: QbeGen.QVal; .)
-  792      =                                   (. QbeGen.NewLabel(lBody);
-  793                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lAfter); .)
-  794        CaseLabel<tsel, qsel, lBody>
-  795        { "," CaseLabel<tsel, qsel, lBody> }
-  796        ":"                               (. QbeGen.Jmp(lAfter);
-  797                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lBody); .)
-  798        StatSeq                           (. QbeGen.Jmp(lEnd);
-  799                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lAfter); .) .
-  800    CaseLabel<tsel: SymTab.TypeIndex; qsel: QbeGen.QVal;
-  801              lBody: QbeGen.QVal>         (. VAR t2, t3: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  802                                               q2, q3, qc, qd, qe:
-  803                                                 QbeGen.QVal;
-  804                                               lNext: QbeGen.QVal; .)
-  805      = Expr<t2, q2>                      (. IF (t2 #
-  806                                               SymTab.InvalidType)
-  807                                              & (tsel #
-  808                                                 SymTab.InvalidType)
-  809                                              & ((SymTab.ClassOf(t2) =
-  810                                                  SymTab.ClSet)
-  811                                                 OR (SymTab.ClassOf(tsel) =
-  812                                                     SymTab.ClSet)) THEN
-  813                                               SemError(230)
-  814                                             ELSIF (t2 #
-  815                                               SymTab.InvalidType)
-  816                                              & (tsel #
-  817                                                 SymTab.InvalidType)
-  818                                              & ~SymTab.EqCheck(t2,
-  819                                                   tsel) THEN
-  820                                               SemError(213) END;
-  821                                             IF ~QbeGen.IsImm(q2) THEN
-  822                                               SemError(230);
-  823                                               QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q2)
-  824                                             END;
-  825                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lNext);
-  826                                             QbeGen.Cmp(SymTab.OpEq,
-  827                                               qsel, q2, qc, FALSE);
-  828                                             QbeGen.Jnz(qc, lBody, lNext);
-  829                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lNext); .)
-  830        [ ".." Expr<t3, q3>               (. IF (t3 #
-  831                                               SymTab.InvalidType)
-  832                                              & (tsel #
-  833                                                 SymTab.InvalidType)
-  834                                              & ~SymTab.EqCheck(t3,
-  835                                                   tsel) THEN
-  836                                               SemError(213) END;
-  837                                             IF ~QbeGen.IsImm(q3) THEN
-  838                                               SemError(230);
-  839                                               QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q3)
-  840                                             END;
-  841                                             QbeGen.Cmp(SymTab.OpGe,
-  842                                               qsel, q2, qc, FALSE);
-  843                                             QbeGen.Cmp(SymTab.OpLe,
-  844                                               qsel, q3, qd, FALSE);
-  845                                             QbeGen.NewTemp(qe);
-  846                                             QbeGen.Op3("and", qe, qc, qd,
-  847                                               FALSE);
-  848                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lNext);
-  849                                             QbeGen.Jnz(qe, lBody, lNext);
-  850                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lNext); .) ] .
-  851    ReturnStat                            (. VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  852                                               q: QbeGen.QVal;
-  853                                               res: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  854                                               hadE: BOOLEAN; .)
-  855      = "RETURN"                          (. hadE := FALSE; .)
-  856        [ Expr<t, q>                      (. hadE := TRUE; .) ]
-  857                                          (. IF ~SymTab.InProc() THEN
-  858                                               SemError(232)
-  859                                             ELSE res := SymTab.CurRes();
-  860                                               IF ~hadE THEN
-  861                                                 IF res #
-  862                                                    SymTab.InvalidType THEN
-  863                                                   SemError(232) END
-  864                                               ELSIF (res =
-  865                                                      SymTab.InvalidType)
-  866                                                  OR (t #
-  867                                                      SymTab.InvalidType)
-  868                                                  & ~SymTab.Assignable(t,
-  869                                                       res) THEN
-  870                                                 SemError(232)
-  871                                               END
-  872                                             END; .) .
-  873    (* Designator: scalar loads, array addresses, and index suffixes.
-  874       Each index descends one level (bounds-checked, trap on breach);
-  875       nested levels reload the inner descriptor address. q ends as the
-  876       value (scalars), the descriptor address (plain arrays), or the
-  877       element address (indexed); sfx marks the indexed form. *)
-  878    Design<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR k: INTEGER;
-  879           VAR q: QbeGen.QVal; VAR qn: SymTab.Name; VAR sfx: BOOLEAN>
-  880                                          (. VAR n, fn: SymTab.Name;
-  881                                               cls: INTEGER;
-  882                                               curT, it, eT: SymTab.TypeIndex;
-  883                                               iq, ql, qlo, qhi, qe:
+  623                                               ELSE QbeGen.StorePtr(qn,
+  624                                                 "0")
+  625                                               END
+  626                                             END; .) .
+  627    (* WITH pushes each record's fields (inner wins) plus its base
+  628       address; field designators resolve through both stacks. *)
+  629    WithStat                              (. VAR nW: CARDINAL; .)
+  630      = "WITH"                            (. nW := 0; .)
+  631        WithItem<nW> { "," WithItem<nW> }
+  632        "DO" StatSeq "END"
+  633                                          (. WHILE nW > 0 DO
+  634                                               SymTab.PopScope;
+  635                                               QbeGen.PopWith;
+  636                                               DEC(nW)
+  637                                             END; .) .
+  638    WithItem<VAR nW: CARDINAL>            (. VAR dt: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  639                                               dk: INTEGER;
+  640                                               qd, qe: QbeGen.QVal;
+  641                                               qn: SymTab.Name;
+  642                                               sfx: BOOLEAN; .)
+  643      = Design<dt, dk, qd, qn, sfx>
+  644                                          (. IF dt = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+  645                                             ELSIF (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) #
+  646                                                    SymTab.ClRecord)
+  647                                                & (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) #
+  648                                                   SymTab.ClClass) THEN
+  649                                               SemError(215)
+  650                                             ELSIF SymTab.PushRecord(dt) THEN
+  651                                               QbeGen.PushWith(qd);
+  652                                               INC(nW)
+  653                                             END; .) .
+  654    Assign                                (. VAR dt, et: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  655                                               dk: INTEGER;
+  656                                               qd, qe, qt: QbeGen.QVal;
+  657                                               qn: SymTab.Name;
+  658                                               isR, conv: BOOLEAN;
+  659                                               sfx: BOOLEAN; .)
+  660      = Design<dt, dk, qd, qn, sfx> ":="
+  661        Expr<et, qe>                      (. IF (dt # SymTab.InvalidType)
+  662                                             & (dk # SymTab.KindVar)
+  663                                             & (dk # SymTab.KindParam)
+  664                                             & (dk # SymTab.KindField) THEN
+  665                                             SemError(210)
+  666                                           ELSIF ~SymTab.Assignable(et,
+  667                                                    dt) THEN
+  668                                             SemError(210)
+  669                                           ELSIF (dt # SymTab.InvalidType)
+  670                                              & (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
+  671                                                 SymTab.ClClass) THEN
+  672                                             SemError(230) END;
+  673                                           isR := (dt #
+  674                                                   SymTab.InvalidType)
+  675                                                  & (SymTab.ClassOf(dt)
+  676                                                     = SymTab.ClReal);
+  677                                           conv := isR
+  678                                                   & SymTab.IsIntFamily(et);
+  679                                           IF ((dk = SymTab.KindVar)
+  680                                               OR (dk = SymTab.KindParam)
+  681                                               OR (dk = SymTab.KindField))
+  682                                              & (dt # SymTab.InvalidType)
+  683                                              & (et # SymTab.InvalidType)
+  684                                              & (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) #
+  685                                                 SymTab.ClClass) THEN
+  686                                             IF sfx
+  687                                                OR (dk = SymTab.KindField) THEN
+  688                                               IF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
+  689                                                  SymTab.ClArray THEN
+  690                                                 QbeGen.CopyArray(qd, qe,
+  691                                                   dt)
+  692                                               ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
+  693                                                   SymTab.ClSet THEN
+  694                                                 QbeGen.CopySet(qd, qe,
+  695                                                   SymTab.SetWords(dt),
+  696                                                   SymTab.SetWords(et))
+  697                                               ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
+  698                                                   SymTab.ClRecord THEN
+  699                                                 QbeGen.CopyRecord(qd, qe,
+  700                                                   dt)
+  701                                               ELSIF conv THEN
+  702                                                 QbeGen.ConvIR(qe, qt);
+  703                                                 QbeGen.ElemStore(qd, qt,
+  704                                                   dt)
+  705                                               ELSE QbeGen.ElemStore(qd, qe,
+  706                                                 dt)
+  707                                               END
+  708                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
+  709                                                   SymTab.ClArray THEN
+  710                                               QbeGen.CopyArray(qd, qe, dt)
+  711                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
+  712                                                   SymTab.ClSet THEN
+  713                                               QbeGen.CopySet(qd, qe,
+  714                                                 SymTab.SetWords(dt),
+  715                                                 SymTab.SetWords(et))
+  716                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
+  717                                                   SymTab.ClRecord THEN
+  718                                               QbeGen.CopyRecord(qd, qe, dt)
+  719                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
+  720                                                   SymTab.ClPtr THEN
+  721                                               QbeGen.StorePtr(qn, qe)
+  722                                             ELSIF conv THEN
+  723                                               QbeGen.ConvIR(qe, qt);
+  724                                               QbeGen.StoreVar(qn, qt, TRUE)
+  725                                             ELSE
+  726                                               QbeGen.StoreVar(qn, qe, isR)
+  727                                             END
+  728                                           END; .) .
+  729    IfStat                                (. VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  730                                               q, lThen, lElse, lEnd:
+  731                                                 QbeGen.QVal;
+  732                                               hasElse: BOOLEAN; .)
+  733      = "IF"                              (. hasElse := FALSE; .)
+  734        Expr<t, q>                        (. IF ~SymTab.BoolCheck(t) THEN
+  735                                               SemError(214) END;
+  736                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lThen);
+  737                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lElse);
+  738                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lEnd);
+  739                                             QbeGen.Jnz(q, lThen, lElse);
+  740                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lThen); .)
+  741        "THEN" StatSeq                    (. QbeGen.Jmp(lEnd); .)
+  742        { "ELSIF"                         (. QbeGen.EmitLabel(lElse);
+  743                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lElse); .)
+  744          Expr<t, q>                      (. IF ~SymTab.BoolCheck(t) THEN
+  745                                               SemError(214) END;
+  746                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lThen);
+  747                                             QbeGen.Jnz(q, lThen, lElse);
+  748                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lThen); .)
+  749          "THEN" StatSeq                  (. QbeGen.Jmp(lEnd); .) }
+  750        [ "ELSE"                          (. QbeGen.EmitLabel(lElse);
+  751                                             hasElse := TRUE; .)
+  752          StatSeq ]
+  753        "END"                             (. IF hasElse THEN
+  754                                               QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd)
+  755                                             ELSE QbeGen.EmitLabel(lElse);
+  756                                               QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd)
+  757                                             END; .) .
+  758    WhileStat                             (. VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  759                                               q, lTop, lBody, lEnd:
+  760                                                 QbeGen.QVal; .)
+  761      = "WHILE"                           (. QbeGen.NewLabel(lTop);
+  762                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lBody);
+  763                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lEnd);
+  764                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lTop); .)
+  765        Expr<t, q>                        (. IF ~SymTab.BoolCheck(t) THEN
+  766                                               SemError(214) END;
+  767                                             QbeGen.Jnz(q, lBody, lEnd);
+  768                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lBody); .)
+  769        "DO" StatSeq                      (. QbeGen.Jmp(lTop); .)
+  770        "END"                             (. QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd); .) .
+  771    RepeatStat                            (. VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  772                                               q, lTop, lEnd: QbeGen.QVal; .)
+  773      = "REPEAT"                          (. QbeGen.NewLabel(lTop);
+  774                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lEnd);
+  775                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lTop); .)
+  776        StatSeq
+  777        "UNTIL" Expr<t, q>                (. IF ~SymTab.BoolCheck(t) THEN
+  778                                               SemError(214) END;
+  779                                             QbeGen.Jnz(q, lEnd, lTop);
+  780                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd); .) .
+  781    LoopStat                              (. VAR lTop, lEnd: QbeGen.QVal; .)
+  782      = "LOOP"                            (. QbeGen.NewLabel(lTop);
+  783                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lEnd);
+  784                                             QbeGen.PushLoop(lEnd);
+  785                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lTop); .)
+  786        StatSeq
+  787        "END"                             (. QbeGen.Jmp(lTop);
+  788                                             QbeGen.PopLoop;
+  789                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd); .) .
+  790    (* FOR with static-sign BY (literal, non-zero; 220 otherwise).
+  791       Runtime direction would need a compare-select; the literal
+  792       sign picks cslew/csegew at "DO" time. *)
+  793    ForStat                               (. VAR lv: SymTab.Name;
+  794                                               tlo, thi, tby:
+  795                                                 SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  796                                               qlo, qhi, qby, qt, qk, qb:
+  797                                                 QbeGen.QVal;
+  798                                               lTop, lBody, lEnd:
+  799                                                 QbeGen.QVal;
+  800                                               by: INTEGER;
+  801                                               ok: BOOLEAN; .)
+  802      = "FOR"                             (. by := 1; .)
+  803        GetIdent<lv>                      (. ok := SymTab.Lookup(lv);
+  804                                             IF ~ok THEN
+  805                                               SemError(201)
+  806                                             ELSIF (SymTab.SymKind(lv) #
+  807                                                    SymTab.KindVar)
+  808                                                & (SymTab.SymKind(lv) #
+  809                                                   SymTab.KindParam) THEN
+  810                                               SemError(220); ok := FALSE
+  811                                             ELSIF ~SymTab.IsIntFamily(
+  812                                                     SymTab.SymType(lv)) THEN
+  813                                               SemError(220); ok := FALSE
+  814                                             END; .)
+  815        ":=" Expr<tlo, qlo>               (. IF ~SymTab.IsIntFamily(tlo) THEN
+  816                                               SemError(220); ok := FALSE
+  817                                             END; .)
+  818        "TO" Expr<thi, qhi>               (. IF ~SymTab.IsIntFamily(thi) THEN
+  819                                               SemError(220); ok := FALSE
+  820                                             END; .)
+  821        [ "BY" Expr<tby, qby>             (. IF (tby #
+  822                                               SymTab.InvalidType)
+  823                                              & ~SymTab.IsIntFamily(tby) THEN
+  824                                               SemError(220); ok := FALSE
+  825                                             END;
+  826                                             IF ~SymTab.ConstInt(qby, by) THEN
+  827                                               SemError(230); by := 1
+  828                                             ELSIF by = 0 THEN
+  829                                               SemError(220); by := 1
+  830                                             END; .) ]
+  831        "DO"                              (. IF ok THEN
+  832                                               QbeGen.StoreVar(lv, qlo,
+  833                                                 FALSE) END;
+  834                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lTop);
+  835                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lBody);
+  836                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lEnd);
+  837                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lTop);
+  838                                             QbeGen.LoadVar(lv, FALSE, qt);
+  839                                             QbeGen.NewTemp(qk);
+  840                                             IF by > 0 THEN
+  841                                               QbeGen.Op3("cslew", qk,
+  842                                                 qt, qhi, FALSE)
+  843                                             ELSE QbeGen.Op3("csgew", qk,
+  844                                               qt, qhi, FALSE)
+  845                                             END;
+  846                                             QbeGen.Jnz(qk, lBody, lEnd);
+  847                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lBody); .)
+  848        StatSeq
+  849        "END"                             (. IF ok THEN
+  850                                               QbeGen.LoadVar(lv, FALSE,
+  851                                                 qt);
+  852                                               QbeGen.IntStr(by, qb);
+  853                                               QbeGen.NewTemp(qk);
+  854                                               QbeGen.Op3("add", qk,
+  855                                                 qt, qb, FALSE);
+  856                                               QbeGen.StoreVar(lv, qk,
+  857                                                 FALSE) END;
+  858                                             QbeGen.Jmp(lTop);
+  859                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd); .) .
+  860    CaseStat                              (. VAR tsel: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  861                                               qsel, lEnd: QbeGen.QVal; .)
+  862      = "CASE" Expr<tsel, qsel>           (. QbeGen.NewLabel(lEnd); .)
+  863        "OF" CaseAlt<tsel, qsel, lEnd>
+  864        { "|" CaseAlt<tsel, qsel, lEnd> }
+  865        [ "ELSE" StatSeq ]
+  866        "END"                             (. QbeGen.EmitLabel(lEnd); .) .
+  867    (* Compare-chain lowering: each alternative ends its match-tests
+  868       with "jmp lAfter", so the no-match fallthrough skips the body:
+  869       "cmp; jnz(lBody,lF); lF: ... ; jmp lAfter; lBody: S; jmp lEnd;
+  870       lAfter:". Falls into the next alternative, ELSE, or END. *)
+  871    CaseAlt<tsel: SymTab.TypeIndex; qsel: QbeGen.QVal;
+  872            lEnd: QbeGen.QVal>            (. VAR lBody, lAfter: QbeGen.QVal; .)
+  873      =                                   (. QbeGen.NewLabel(lBody);
+  874                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lAfter); .)
+  875        CaseLabel<tsel, qsel, lBody>
+  876        { "," CaseLabel<tsel, qsel, lBody> }
+  877        ":"                               (. QbeGen.Jmp(lAfter);
+  878                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lBody); .)
+  879        StatSeq                           (. QbeGen.Jmp(lEnd);
+  880                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lAfter); .) .
+  881    CaseLabel<tsel: SymTab.TypeIndex; qsel: QbeGen.QVal;
+  882              lBody: QbeGen.QVal>         (. VAR t2, t3: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  883                                               q2, q3, qc, qd, qe:
   884                                                 QbeGen.QVal;
-  885                                               lo, hi: INTEGER;
-  886                                               fo: INTEGER;
-  887                                               isOpen: BOOLEAN;
-  888                                               qb: QbeGen.QVal; .)
-  889      = GetIdent<n>                       (. QbeGen.CopyOp(n, qn);
-  890                                             sfx := FALSE;
-  891                                             IF ~SymTab.Lookup(n) THEN
-  892                                               SemError(201);
-  893                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType;
-  894                                               k := -1;
-  895                                               QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
-  896                                             ELSE
-  897                                               t := SymTab.SymType(n);
-  898                                               k := SymTab.SymKind(n);
-  899                                               IF k = SymTab.KindConst THEN
-  900                                                 IF SymTab.Equal(n,
-  901                                                    "TRUE") THEN
-  902                                                   t := SymTab.BoolType();
-  903                                                   QbeGen.CopyOp("1", q)
-  904                                                 ELSIF SymTab.Equal(n,
-  905                                                    "FALSE") THEN
-  906                                                   t := SymTab.BoolType();
-  907                                                   QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
-  908                                                 ELSE
-  909                                                   cls :=
-  910                                                     SymTab.ClassOf(t);
-  911                                                   IF (t #
-  912                                                       SymTab.InvalidType)
-  913                                                      & ((cls = SymTab.ClInt)
-  914                                                      OR (cls
-  915                                                          = SymTab.ClChar)
-  916                                                      OR (cls
-  917                                                          = SymTab.ClReal)) THEN
-  918                                                     QbeGen.LoadVar(n,
-  919                                                       cls = SymTab.ClReal, q)
-  920                                                   ELSE
-  921                                                     IF t #
-  922                                                        SymTab.InvalidType THEN
-  923                                                       SemError(230)
-  924                                                     END;
-  925                                                     QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
-  926                                                   END
-  927                                                 END
-  928                                               ELSIF (k = SymTab.KindVar)
-  929                                                  OR (k = SymTab.KindParam) THEN
-  930                                                 cls :=
-  931                                                   SymTab.ClassOf(t);
-  932                                                 IF (cls = SymTab.ClInt)
-  933                                                    OR (cls = SymTab.ClBool)
-  934                                                    OR (cls = SymTab.ClChar)
-  935                                                    OR (cls
-  936                                                        = SymTab.ClReal) THEN
-  937                                                   QbeGen.LoadVar(n,
-  938                                                     cls = SymTab.ClReal, q)
-  939                                                 ELSIF (cls
-  940                                                         = SymTab.ClArray)
-  941                                                    OR (cls
-  942                                                        = SymTab.ClSet)
-  943                                                    OR (cls
-  944                                                        = SymTab.ClRecord)
-  945                                                    OR (cls
-  946                                                        = SymTab.ClClass) THEN
-  947                                                   QbeGen.AddrOf(n, q)
-  948                                                 ELSE SemError(230);
-  949                                                   QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
-  950                                                 END
-  951                                               ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q);
-  952                                                 IF (k = SymTab.KindImport)
-  953                                                    OR (k = SymTab.KindProc) THEN
-  954                                                   SemError(230)
-  955                                                 ELSE
-  956                                                   IF k = SymTab.KindField THEN
-  957                                                     IF QbeGen.TopWith(qb) THEN
-  958                                                       fo :=
-  959                                                         SymTab.FieldOffset(
-  960                                                         SymTab.FieldOwner(n),
-  961                                                         n);
-  962                                                       QbeGen.FieldAddr(qb,
-  963                                                         fo, q);
-  964                                                       sfx := TRUE
-  965                                                     ELSE SemError(230);
-  966                                                       QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
-  967                                                     END
-  968                                                   END
-  969                                                 END
-  970                                               END
-  971                                             END; .)
-  972        { "[" Expr<it, iq>
-  973                                          (. IF t = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
-  974                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(t) #
-  975                                                   SymTab.ClArray THEN
-  976                                               SemError(217);
-  977                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
-  978                                             ELSIF ~SymTab.IsIntFamily(it)
-  979                                                & (SymTab.ClassOf(it) #
-  980                                                   SymTab.ClChar) THEN
-  981                                               SemError(218);
-  982                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
-  983                                             ELSE
-  984                                               QbeGen.WidenIndex(iq, ql);
-  985                                               isOpen :=
-  986                                                 SymTab.IsOpenArray(t);
-  987                                               IF isOpen THEN
-  988                                                 QbeGen.CopyOp("0", qlo);
-  989                                                 QbeGen.OpenHi(q, qhi)
-  990                                               ELSE
-  991                                                 lo := SymTab.ArrayLo(t);
-  992                                                 hi := SymTab.ArrayHi(t);
-  993                                                 QbeGen.IntStr(lo, qlo);
-  994                                                 QbeGen.IntStr(hi, qhi)
-  995                                               END;
-  996                                               QbeGen.CheckRange(ql, qlo,
-  997                                                 qhi);
-  998                                               eT := SymTab.ArrayElem(t);
-  999                                               QbeGen.ElemAddr(q, ql, qlo,
- 1000                                                 t, qe);
- 1001                                               IF SymTab.ClassOf(eT) =
- 1002                                                  SymTab.ClArray THEN
- 1003                                                 QbeGen.ElemLoad(qe, eT, q)
- 1004                                               ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp(qe, q)
- 1005                                               END;
- 1006                                               t := eT; sfx := TRUE
- 1007                                             END; .)
- 1008          { "," Expr<it, iq>
- 1009                                          (. IF t = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
- 1010                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(t) #
- 1011                                                   SymTab.ClArray THEN
- 1012                                               SemError(217);
- 1013                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
- 1014                                             ELSIF ~SymTab.IsIntFamily(it)
- 1015                                                & (SymTab.ClassOf(it) #
- 1016                                                   SymTab.ClChar) THEN
- 1017                                               SemError(218);
- 1018                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
- 1019                                             ELSE
- 1020                                               QbeGen.WidenIndex(iq, ql);
- 1021                                               isOpen :=
- 1022                                                 SymTab.IsOpenArray(t);
- 1023                                               IF isOpen THEN
- 1024                                                 QbeGen.CopyOp("0", qlo);
- 1025                                                 QbeGen.OpenHi(q, qhi)
- 1026                                               ELSE
- 1027                                                 lo := SymTab.ArrayLo(t);
- 1028                                                 hi := SymTab.ArrayHi(t);
- 1029                                                 QbeGen.IntStr(lo, qlo);
- 1030                                                 QbeGen.IntStr(hi, qhi)
- 1031                                               END;
- 1032                                               QbeGen.CheckRange(ql, qlo,
- 1033                                                 qhi);
- 1034                                               eT := SymTab.ArrayElem(t);
- 1035                                               QbeGen.ElemAddr(q, ql, qlo,
- 1036                                                 t, qe);
- 1037                                               IF SymTab.ClassOf(eT) =
- 1038                                                  SymTab.ClArray THEN
- 1039                                                 QbeGen.ElemLoad(qe, eT, q)
- 1040                                               ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp(qe, q)
- 1041                                               END;
- 1042                                               t := eT; sfx := TRUE
- 1043                                             END; .) }
- 1044          "]"
- 1045        | "." GetIdent<fn>
- 1046                                          (. IF t = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
- 1047                                             ELSIF (SymTab.ClassOf(t) #
- 1048                                                    SymTab.ClRecord)
- 1049                                                & (SymTab.ClassOf(t) #
- 1050                                                   SymTab.ClClass) THEN
- 1051                                               SemError(215);
- 1052                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
- 1053                                             ELSIF ~SymTab.FieldExists(t,
- 1054                                                      fn) THEN
- 1055                                               SemError(216);
- 1056                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
- 1057                                             ELSE
- 1058                                               fo := SymTab.FieldOffset(t,
- 1059                                                 fn);
- 1060                                               t := SymTab.FieldType(t, fn);
- 1061                                               QbeGen.FieldAddr(q, fo, qe);
- 1062                                               IF SymTab.ClassOf(t) =
- 1063                                                  SymTab.ClArray THEN
- 1064                                                 QbeGen.ElemLoad(qe, t, q)
- 1065                                               ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp(qe, q)
- 1066                                               END;
- 1067                                               sfx := TRUE
- 1068                                             END; .) } .
- 1069    Expr<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR q: QbeGen.QVal>
- 1070                                          (. VAR t2: SymTab.TypeIndex;
- 1071                                               op: INTEGER;
- 1072                                               q2, qt: QbeGen.QVal;
- 1073                                               isR: BOOLEAN; .)
- 1074      = SimExpr<t, q>
- 1075        [ Rel<op> SimExpr<t2, q2>
- 1076          (. IF op = SymTab.OpIn THEN
- 1077               IF SymTab.InCheck(t, t2) THEN
- 1078                 IF (t = SymTab.InvalidType)
- 1079                    OR (t2 = SymTab.InvalidType) THEN
- 1080                   t := SymTab.BoolType(); QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1081                 ELSE
- 1082                   QbeGen.InSet(q, q2, SymTab.SetBaseLo(t2),
- 1083                     SymTab.SetCount(t2), qt);
- 1084                   t := SymTab.BoolType(); QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
- 1085                 END
- 1086               ELSE SemError(222); t := SymTab.InvalidType;
- 1087                 QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1088               END
- 1089             ELSIF SymTab.RelCheck(t, t2, op) THEN
- 1090               IF (t = SymTab.InvalidType)
- 1091                  OR (t2 = SymTab.InvalidType) THEN
- 1092                 t := SymTab.BoolType(); QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1093               ELSIF (SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClSet)
- 1094                  OR (SymTab.ClassOf(t2) = SymTab.ClSet) THEN
- 1095                 QbeGen.CmpSet(op, q, q2,
- 1096                   SymTab.SetWords(t), SymTab.SetWords(t2), qt);
- 1097                 t := SymTab.BoolType(); QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
- 1098               ELSE
- 1099                 isR := SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClReal;
- 1100                 t := SymTab.BoolType();
- 1101                 QbeGen.Cmp(op, q, q2, qt, isR);
- 1102                 QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
- 1103               END
- 1104             ELSE SemError(213); t := SymTab.InvalidType;
- 1105               QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1106             END; .) ] .
- 1107    Rel<VAR op: INTEGER>
- 1108      = "="                               (. op := SymTab.OpEq; .)
- 1109      | "#"                               (. op := SymTab.OpNeq1; .)
- 1110      | "<"                               (. op := SymTab.OpLt; .)
- 1111      | "<="                              (. op := SymTab.OpLe; .)
- 1112      | ">"                               (. op := SymTab.OpGt; .)
- 1113      | ">="                              (. op := SymTab.OpGe; .)
- 1114      | "IN"                              (. op := SymTab.OpIn; .) .
- 1115    SimExpr<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR q: QbeGen.QVal>
- 1116                                          (. VAR t2, res2: SymTab.TypeIndex;
- 1117                                               op: INTEGER;
- 1118                                               q2, qt: QbeGen.QVal;
- 1119                                               neg, isR: BOOLEAN;
- 1120                                               lw, rw, mw: CARDINAL; .)
- 1121      =                                   (. neg := FALSE; .)
- 1122        [ "+" | "-"                       (. neg := TRUE; .) ]
- 1123        Term<t, q>                        (. IF neg THEN
- 1124                                             IF QbeGen.IsImm(q) THEN
- 1125                                               QbeGen.NegFold(q, q)
- 1126                                             ELSE QbeGen.NewTemp(qt);
- 1127                                               QbeGen.NegQ(q, qt,
- 1128                                                 SymTab.ClassOf(t)
- 1129                                                 = SymTab.ClReal);
- 1130                                               QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
- 1131                                             END
- 1132                                           END; .)
- 1133        { AddOp<op> Term<t2, q2>
- 1134          (. IF op = SymTab.OpOr THEN
- 1135               IF SymTab.BoolCheck(t) & SymTab.BoolCheck(t2) THEN
- 1136                 t := SymTab.BoolType()
- 1137               ELSE SemError(212); t := SymTab.InvalidType END;
- 1138               IF t # SymTab.InvalidType THEN
- 1139                 QbeGen.NewTemp(qt);
- 1140                 QbeGen.Op3("or", qt, q, q2, FALSE);
- 1141                 QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
- 1142               ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1143               END
- 1144             ELSIF (t # SymTab.InvalidType) & (t2 # SymTab.InvalidType)
- 1145                & (SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClSet)
- 1146                & (SymTab.ClassOf(t2) = SymTab.ClSet) THEN
- 1147               lw := SymTab.SetWords(t); rw := SymTab.SetWords(t2);
- 1148               mw := lw;
- 1149               IF rw > mw THEN mw := rw END;
- 1150               IF op = SymTab.OpAdd THEN
- 1151                 QbeGen.SetBinOp(0, q, q2, lw, rw, qt)
- 1152               ELSE
- 1153                 QbeGen.SetBinOp(2, q, q2, lw, rw, qt)
- 1154               END;
- 1155               t := SymTab.NewSet(
- 1156                      SymTab.NewSubR(0,
- 1157                        VAL(INTEGER, mw) * 32 - 1));
- 1158               QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
- 1159             ELSE
- 1160               IF SymTab.ArithCheck(t, t2, FALSE, res2) THEN
- 1161                 t := res2
- 1162               ELSE SemError(211); t := SymTab.InvalidType END;
- 1163               isR := SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClReal;
- 1164               IF t # SymTab.InvalidType THEN
- 1165                 QbeGen.NewTemp(qt);
- 1166                 IF op = SymTab.OpAdd THEN
- 1167                   QbeGen.Op3("add", qt, q, q2, isR)
- 1168                 ELSE
- 1169                   QbeGen.Op3("sub", qt, q, q2, isR)
- 1170                 END;
- 1171                 QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
- 1172               ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1173               END
- 1174             END; .) } .
- 1175    AddOp<VAR op: INTEGER>
- 1176      = "+"                               (. op := SymTab.OpAdd; .)
- 1177      | "-"                               (. op := SymTab.OpSub; .)
- 1178      | "OR"                              (. op := SymTab.OpOr; .) .
- 1179    Term<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR q: QbeGen.QVal>
- 1180                                          (. VAR t2, res2: SymTab.TypeIndex;
- 1181                                               op: INTEGER;
- 1182                                               q2, qt: QbeGen.QVal;
- 1183                                               isR: BOOLEAN;
- 1184                                               lw, rw, mw: CARDINAL; .)
- 1185      = Fact<t, q> { MulOp<op> Fact<t2, q2>
- 1186        (. IF op = SymTab.OpAnd THEN
- 1187             IF SymTab.BoolCheck(t) & SymTab.BoolCheck(t2) THEN
- 1188               t := SymTab.BoolType()
- 1189             ELSE SemError(212); t := SymTab.InvalidType END;
- 1190             IF t # SymTab.InvalidType THEN
- 1191               QbeGen.NewTemp(qt);
- 1192               QbeGen.Op3("and", qt, q, q2, FALSE);
- 1193               QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
- 1194             ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1195             END
- 1196           ELSIF (t # SymTab.InvalidType) & (t2 # SymTab.InvalidType)
- 1197              & (SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClSet)
- 1198              & (SymTab.ClassOf(t2) = SymTab.ClSet) THEN
- 1199             lw := SymTab.SetWords(t); rw := SymTab.SetWords(t2);
- 1200             mw := lw;
- 1201             IF rw > mw THEN mw := rw END;
- 1202             IF op = SymTab.OpTimes THEN
- 1203               QbeGen.SetBinOp(1, q, q2, lw, rw, qt)
- 1204             ELSE
- 1205               QbeGen.SetBinOp(3, q, q2, lw, rw, qt)
- 1206             END;
- 1207             t := SymTab.NewSet(
- 1208                    SymTab.NewSubR(0,
- 1209                      VAL(INTEGER, mw) * 32 - 1));
- 1210             QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
- 1211           ELSE
- 1212             IF SymTab.ArithCheck(t, t2,
- 1213                  (op = SymTab.OpDiv) OR (op = SymTab.OpMod),
- 1214                  res2) THEN t := res2
- 1215             ELSE SemError(211); t := SymTab.InvalidType END;
- 1216             isR := SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClReal;
- 1217             IF t # SymTab.InvalidType THEN
- 1218               QbeGen.NewTemp(qt);
- 1219               IF op = SymTab.OpTimes THEN
- 1220                 QbeGen.Op3("mul", qt, q, q2, isR)
- 1221               ELSIF (op = SymTab.OpDiv)
- 1222                  OR (op = SymTab.OpSlash) THEN
- 1223                 QbeGen.Op3("div", qt, q, q2, isR)
- 1224               ELSE
- 1225                 QbeGen.Op3("rem", qt, q, q2, isR)
- 1226               END;
- 1227               QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
- 1228             ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1229             END
- 1230           END; .) } .
- 1231    MulOp<VAR op: INTEGER>
- 1232      = "*"                               (. op := SymTab.OpTimes; .)
- 1233      | "/"                               (. op := SymTab.OpSlash; .)
- 1234      | "DIV"                             (. op := SymTab.OpDiv; .)
- 1235      | "MOD"                             (. op := SymTab.OpMod; .)
- 1236      | "AND"                             (. op := SymTab.OpAnd; .) .
- 1237    Fact<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR q: QbeGen.QVal>
- 1238                                          (. VAR s: ARRAY [0 .. 255] OF CHAR;
- 1239                                               et, dt, t2, st: SymTab.TypeIndex;
- 1240                                               dk: INTEGER;
- 1241                                               qd, q2, sq: QbeGen.QVal;
- 1242                                               qn: SymTab.Name;
- 1243                                               sfx: BOOLEAN; .)
- 1244      = integer                           (. LexString(s);
- 1245                                             QbeGen.NormInt(s, q);
- 1246                                             t := SymTab.IntType(); .)
- 1247      | real                              (. LexString(s);
- 1248                                             QbeGen.NormReal(s, q);
- 1249                                             t := SymTab.RealType(); .)
- 1250      | string                            (. LexString(s);
- 1251                                             IF SymTab.StrLen(s) = 3 THEN
- 1252                                               t := SymTab.CharType();
- 1253                                               QbeGen.IntStr(
- 1254                                                 QbeGen.CharVal(s), q)
- 1255                                             ELSE t := SymTab.NewStr();
- 1256                                               QbeGen.DeclStr(s, q)
- 1257                                             END; .)
- 1258      | Design<dt, dk, qd, qn, sfx>       (. t := dt;
- 1259                                             IF sfx THEN
- 1260                                               IF dt =
- 1261                                                  SymTab.InvalidType THEN
- 1262                                                 QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1263                                               ELSIF (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
- 1264                                                      SymTab.ClRecord)
- 1265                                                  OR (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
- 1266                                                      SymTab.ClSet)
- 1267                                                  OR (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
- 1268                                                      SymTab.ClClass) THEN
- 1269                                                 QbeGen.CopyOp(qd, q)
- 1270                                               ELSE QbeGen.ElemLoad(qd, dt,
- 1271                                                 q)
- 1272                                               END
- 1273                                             ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp(qd, q)
- 1274                                             END; .)
- 1275      | "(" Expr<et, q> ")"               (. t := et; .)
- 1276      | SetLit<st, sq>                    (. t := st;
- 1277                                             QbeGen.CopyOp(sq, q); .)
- 1278      | "NOT" Fact<t2, q2>                (. IF SymTab.BoolCheck(t2) THEN
- 1279                                               t := SymTab.BoolType()
- 1280                                             ELSE SemError(212);
- 1281                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType END;
- 1282                                             IF t # SymTab.InvalidType THEN
- 1283                                               QbeGen.NotQ(q2, q)
- 1284                                             ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
- 1285                                             END; .) .
- 1286    (* Set literals are SET OF [0..255] (8 words); elements validated
- 1287       0..255 statically when foldable (222 otherwise), runtime trap
- 1288       for computed elements. Ranges always lower via SetRange. *)
- 1289    SetLit<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR q: QbeGen.QVal>
- 1290      = "{"                               (. t := SymTab.NewSet(
- 1291                                               SymTab.NewSubR(0, 255));
- 1292                                             QbeGen.NewSetTemp(8, q);
- 1293                                             QbeGen.SetZero(q, 8); .)
- 1294        [ SetElem<t, q> { "," SetElem<t, q> } ]
- 1295        "}" .
- 1296    SetElem<st: SymTab.TypeIndex; sq: QbeGen.QVal>         (. VAR et, et2: SymTab.TypeIndex;
- 1297                                               qe, q2: QbeGen.QVal;
- 1298                                               v, v2: INTEGER;
- 1299                                               lo: INTEGER;
- 1300                                               span: CARDINAL;
- 1301                                               cl, cl2: INTEGER;
- 1302                                               hasR: BOOLEAN; .)
- 1303      =                                   (. hasR := FALSE; .)
- 1304        Expr<et, qe>
- 1305        [ ".." Expr<et2, q2>              (. hasR := TRUE; .) ]
- 1306                                          (. lo := SymTab.SetBaseLo(st);
- 1307                                             span := SymTab.SetCount(st);
- 1308                                             IF (et = SymTab.InvalidType)
- 1309                                                OR (hasR & (et2 =
- 1310                                                   SymTab.InvalidType)) THEN
- 1311                                             ELSE cl :=
- 1312                                                    SymTab.ClassOf(et);
- 1313                                               IF hasR THEN
- 1314                                                 cl2 :=
- 1315                                                   SymTab.ClassOf(et2)
- 1316                                               ELSE cl2 := SymTab.ClInt
- 1317                                               END;
- 1318                                               IF ((cl # SymTab.ClInt)
- 1319                                                  & (cl # SymTab.ClChar)
- 1320                                                  & (cl # SymTab.ClBool))
- 1321                                                  OR (hasR &
- 1322                                                     ((cl2
- 1323                                                       # SymTab.ClInt)
- 1324                                                     & (cl2
- 1325                                                        # SymTab.ClChar)
- 1326                                                     & (cl2
- 1327                                                        # SymTab.ClBool))) THEN
- 1328                                                 SemError(222)
- 1329                                               ELSIF hasR
- 1330                                                  & SymTab.ConstInt(qe, v)
- 1331                                                  & SymTab.ConstInt(q2,
- 1332                                                     v2)
- 1333                                                  & ((v < lo)
- 1334                                                     OR (v2 < lo)
- 1335                                                     OR (v >= lo +
- 1336                                                        VAL(INTEGER, span))
- 1337                                                     OR (v2 >= lo +
- 1338                                                        VAL(INTEGER, span))
- 1339                                                     OR (v > v2)) THEN
- 1340                                                 SemError(222)
- 1341                                                ELSIF hasR THEN
- 1342                                                  QbeGen.SetRange(sq, qe, q2,
- 1343                                                    lo, span)
- 1344                                                ELSIF SymTab.ConstInt(qe,
- 1345                                                        v)
- 1346                                                   & ((v < lo)
- 1347                                                      OR (v >= lo +
- 1348                                                         VAL(INTEGER,
- 1349                                                           span))) THEN
- 1350                                                  SemError(222)
- 1351                                                ELSE QbeGen.SetBit(sq, qe,
- 1352                                                  lo, span)
- 1353                                               END
- 1354                                             END; .) .
- 1355    GetIdent<VAR n: SymTab.Name>
- 1356      = ident                             (. LexName(n); .) .
- 1357  
- 1358  END M2.
+  885                                               lNext: QbeGen.QVal; .)
+  886      = Expr<t2, q2>                      (. IF (t2 #
+  887                                               SymTab.InvalidType)
+  888                                              & (tsel #
+  889                                                 SymTab.InvalidType)
+  890                                              & ((SymTab.ClassOf(t2) =
+  891                                                  SymTab.ClSet)
+  892                                                 OR (SymTab.ClassOf(tsel) =
+  893                                                     SymTab.ClSet)) THEN
+  894                                               SemError(230)
+  895                                             ELSIF (t2 #
+  896                                               SymTab.InvalidType)
+  897                                              & (tsel #
+  898                                                 SymTab.InvalidType)
+  899                                              & ~SymTab.EqCheck(t2,
+  900                                                   tsel) THEN
+  901                                               SemError(213) END;
+  902                                             IF ~QbeGen.IsImm(q2) THEN
+  903                                               SemError(230);
+  904                                               QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q2)
+  905                                             END;
+  906                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lNext);
+  907                                             QbeGen.Cmp(SymTab.OpEq,
+  908                                               qsel, q2, qc, FALSE);
+  909                                             QbeGen.Jnz(qc, lBody, lNext);
+  910                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lNext); .)
+  911        [ ".." Expr<t3, q3>               (. IF (t3 #
+  912                                               SymTab.InvalidType)
+  913                                              & (tsel #
+  914                                                 SymTab.InvalidType)
+  915                                              & ~SymTab.EqCheck(t3,
+  916                                                   tsel) THEN
+  917                                               SemError(213) END;
+  918                                             IF ~QbeGen.IsImm(q3) THEN
+  919                                               SemError(230);
+  920                                               QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q3)
+  921                                             END;
+  922                                             QbeGen.Cmp(SymTab.OpGe,
+  923                                               qsel, q2, qc, FALSE);
+  924                                             QbeGen.Cmp(SymTab.OpLe,
+  925                                               qsel, q3, qd, FALSE);
+  926                                             QbeGen.NewTemp(qe);
+  927                                             QbeGen.Op3("and", qe, qc, qd,
+  928                                               FALSE);
+  929                                             QbeGen.NewLabel(lNext);
+  930                                             QbeGen.Jnz(qe, lBody, lNext);
+  931                                             QbeGen.EmitLabel(lNext); .) ] .
+  932    ReturnStat                            (. VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  933                                               q: QbeGen.QVal;
+  934                                               res: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  935                                               hadE: BOOLEAN; .)
+  936      = "RETURN"                          (. hadE := FALSE; .)
+  937        [ Expr<t, q>                      (. hadE := TRUE; .) ]
+  938                                          (. IF ~SymTab.InProc() THEN
+  939                                               SemError(232)
+  940                                             ELSE res := SymTab.CurRes();
+  941                                               IF ~hadE THEN
+  942                                                 IF res #
+  943                                                    SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+  944                                                   SemError(232) END
+  945                                               ELSIF (res =
+  946                                                      SymTab.InvalidType)
+  947                                                  OR (t #
+  948                                                      SymTab.InvalidType)
+  949                                                  & ~SymTab.Assignable(t,
+  950                                                       res) THEN
+  951                                                 SemError(232)
+  952                                               END
+  953                                             END; .) .
+  954    (* Designator: scalar loads, array addresses, and index suffixes.
+  955       Each index descends one level (bounds-checked, trap on breach);
+  956       nested levels reload the inner descriptor address. q ends as the
+  957       value (scalars), the descriptor address (plain arrays), or the
+  958       element address (indexed); sfx marks the indexed form. *)
+  959    Design<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR k: INTEGER;
+  960           VAR q: QbeGen.QVal; VAR qn: SymTab.Name; VAR sfx: BOOLEAN>
+  961                                          (. VAR n, fn: SymTab.Name;
+  962                                               cls: INTEGER;
+  963                                               curT, it, eT, bt:
+  964                                                 SymTab.TypeIndex;
+  965                                               iq, ql, qlo, qhi, qe:
+  966                                                 QbeGen.QVal;
+  967                                               lo, hi: INTEGER;
+  968                                               fo: INTEGER;
+  969                                               isOpen: BOOLEAN;
+  970                                               qb: QbeGen.QVal; .)
+  971      = GetIdent<n>                       (. QbeGen.CopyOp(n, qn);
+  972                                             sfx := FALSE;
+  973                                             IF ~SymTab.Lookup(n) THEN
+  974                                               SemError(201);
+  975                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType;
+  976                                               k := -1;
+  977                                               QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+  978                                             ELSE
+  979                                               t := SymTab.SymType(n);
+  980                                               k := SymTab.SymKind(n);
+  981                                               IF k = SymTab.KindConst THEN
+  982                                                 IF SymTab.Equal(n,
+  983                                                    "TRUE") THEN
+  984                                                   t := SymTab.BoolType();
+  985                                                   QbeGen.CopyOp("1", q)
+  986                                                 ELSIF SymTab.Equal(n,
+  987                                                    "FALSE") THEN
+  988                                                   t := SymTab.BoolType();
+  989                                                   QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+  990                                                 ELSIF SymTab.Equal(n,
+  991                                                    "NIL") THEN
+  992                                                   QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+  993                                                 ELSE
+  994                                                   cls :=
+  995                                                     SymTab.ClassOf(t);
+  996                                                   IF (t #
+  997                                                       SymTab.InvalidType)
+  998                                                      & ((cls = SymTab.ClInt)
+  999                                                      OR (cls
+ 1000                                                          = SymTab.ClChar)
+ 1001                                                      OR (cls
+ 1002                                                          = SymTab.ClReal)
+ 1003                                                      OR (cls
+ 1004                                                          = SymTab.ClNil)) THEN
+ 1005                                                     IF cls = SymTab.ClNil THEN
+ 1006                                                       QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1007                                                     ELSE
+ 1008                                                       QbeGen.LoadVar(n,
+ 1009                                                         cls = SymTab.ClReal,
+ 1010                                                         q)
+ 1011                                                     END
+ 1012                                                   ELSE
+ 1013                                                     IF t #
+ 1014                                                        SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+ 1015                                                       SemError(230)
+ 1016                                                     END;
+ 1017                                                     QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1018                                                   END
+ 1019                                                 END
+ 1020                                               ELSIF (k = SymTab.KindVar)
+ 1021                                                  OR (k = SymTab.KindParam) THEN
+ 1022                                                 cls :=
+ 1023                                                   SymTab.ClassOf(t);
+ 1024                                                 IF (cls = SymTab.ClInt)
+ 1025                                                    OR (cls = SymTab.ClBool)
+ 1026                                                    OR (cls = SymTab.ClChar)
+ 1027                                                    OR (cls
+ 1028                                                        = SymTab.ClReal) THEN
+ 1029                                                   QbeGen.LoadVar(n,
+ 1030                                                     cls = SymTab.ClReal, q)
+ 1031                                                 ELSIF cls = SymTab.ClPtr THEN
+ 1032                                                   QbeGen.LoadPtr(n, q)
+ 1033                                                 ELSIF (cls
+ 1034                                                         = SymTab.ClArray)
+ 1035                                                    OR (cls
+ 1036                                                        = SymTab.ClSet)
+ 1037                                                    OR (cls
+ 1038                                                        = SymTab.ClRecord)
+ 1039                                                    OR (cls
+ 1040                                                        = SymTab.ClClass) THEN
+ 1041                                                   QbeGen.AddrOf(n, q)
+ 1042                                                 ELSE SemError(230);
+ 1043                                                   QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1044                                                 END
+ 1045                                               ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q);
+ 1046                                                 IF (k = SymTab.KindImport)
+ 1047                                                    OR (k = SymTab.KindProc) THEN
+ 1048                                                   SemError(230)
+ 1049                                                 ELSE
+ 1050                                                   IF k = SymTab.KindField THEN
+ 1051                                                     IF QbeGen.TopWith(qb) THEN
+ 1052                                                       fo :=
+ 1053                                                         SymTab.FieldOffset(
+ 1054                                                         SymTab.FieldOwner(n),
+ 1055                                                         n);
+ 1056                                                       QbeGen.FieldAddr(qb,
+ 1057                                                         fo, q);
+ 1058                                                       sfx := TRUE
+ 1059                                                     ELSE SemError(230);
+ 1060                                                       QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1061                                                     END
+ 1062                                                   END
+ 1063                                                 END
+ 1064                                               END
+ 1065                                             END; .)
+ 1066        { "[" Expr<it, iq>
+ 1067                                          (. IF t = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+ 1068                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(t) #
+ 1069                                                   SymTab.ClArray THEN
+ 1070                                               SemError(217);
+ 1071                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
+ 1072                                             ELSIF ~SymTab.IsIntFamily(it)
+ 1073                                                & (SymTab.ClassOf(it) #
+ 1074                                                   SymTab.ClChar) THEN
+ 1075                                               SemError(218);
+ 1076                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
+ 1077                                             ELSE
+ 1078                                               QbeGen.WidenIndex(iq, ql);
+ 1079                                               isOpen :=
+ 1080                                                 SymTab.IsOpenArray(t);
+ 1081                                               IF isOpen THEN
+ 1082                                                 QbeGen.CopyOp("0", qlo);
+ 1083                                                 QbeGen.OpenHi(q, qhi)
+ 1084                                               ELSE
+ 1085                                                 lo := SymTab.ArrayLo(t);
+ 1086                                                 hi := SymTab.ArrayHi(t);
+ 1087                                                 QbeGen.IntStr(lo, qlo);
+ 1088                                                 QbeGen.IntStr(hi, qhi)
+ 1089                                               END;
+ 1090                                               QbeGen.CheckRange(ql, qlo,
+ 1091                                                 qhi);
+ 1092                                               eT := SymTab.ArrayElem(t);
+ 1093                                               QbeGen.ElemAddr(q, ql, qlo,
+ 1094                                                 t, qe);
+ 1095                                               IF SymTab.ClassOf(eT) =
+ 1096                                                  SymTab.ClArray THEN
+ 1097                                                 QbeGen.ElemLoad(qe, eT, q)
+ 1098                                               ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp(qe, q)
+ 1099                                               END;
+ 1100                                               t := eT; sfx := TRUE
+ 1101                                             END; .)
+ 1102          { "," Expr<it, iq>
+ 1103                                          (. IF t = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+ 1104                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(t) #
+ 1105                                                   SymTab.ClArray THEN
+ 1106                                               SemError(217);
+ 1107                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
+ 1108                                             ELSIF ~SymTab.IsIntFamily(it)
+ 1109                                                & (SymTab.ClassOf(it) #
+ 1110                                                   SymTab.ClChar) THEN
+ 1111                                               SemError(218);
+ 1112                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
+ 1113                                             ELSE
+ 1114                                               QbeGen.WidenIndex(iq, ql);
+ 1115                                               isOpen :=
+ 1116                                                 SymTab.IsOpenArray(t);
+ 1117                                               IF isOpen THEN
+ 1118                                                 QbeGen.CopyOp("0", qlo);
+ 1119                                                 QbeGen.OpenHi(q, qhi)
+ 1120                                               ELSE
+ 1121                                                 lo := SymTab.ArrayLo(t);
+ 1122                                                 hi := SymTab.ArrayHi(t);
+ 1123                                                 QbeGen.IntStr(lo, qlo);
+ 1124                                                 QbeGen.IntStr(hi, qhi)
+ 1125                                               END;
+ 1126                                               QbeGen.CheckRange(ql, qlo,
+ 1127                                                 qhi);
+ 1128                                               eT := SymTab.ArrayElem(t);
+ 1129                                               QbeGen.ElemAddr(q, ql, qlo,
+ 1130                                                 t, qe);
+ 1131                                               IF SymTab.ClassOf(eT) =
+ 1132                                                  SymTab.ClArray THEN
+ 1133                                                 QbeGen.ElemLoad(qe, eT, q)
+ 1134                                               ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp(qe, q)
+ 1135                                               END;
+ 1136                                               t := eT; sfx := TRUE
+ 1137                                             END; .) }
+ 1138          "]"
+ 1139        | "." GetIdent<fn>
+ 1140                                          (. IF t = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+ 1141                                             ELSIF (SymTab.ClassOf(t) #
+ 1142                                                    SymTab.ClRecord)
+ 1143                                                & (SymTab.ClassOf(t) #
+ 1144                                                   SymTab.ClClass) THEN
+ 1145                                               SemError(215);
+ 1146                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
+ 1147                                             ELSIF ~SymTab.FieldExists(t,
+ 1148                                                      fn) THEN
+ 1149                                               SemError(216);
+ 1150                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
+ 1151                                             ELSE
+ 1152                                               fo := SymTab.FieldOffset(t,
+ 1153                                                 fn);
+ 1154                                               t := SymTab.FieldType(t, fn);
+ 1155                                               QbeGen.FieldAddr(q, fo, qe);
+ 1156                                               IF SymTab.ClassOf(t) =
+ 1157                                                  SymTab.ClArray THEN
+ 1158                                                 QbeGen.ElemLoad(qe, t, q)
+ 1159                                               ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp(qe, q)
+ 1160                                               END;
+ 1161                                               sfx := TRUE
+ 1162                                             END; .)
+ 1163        | "^"
+ 1164                                          (. IF t = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+ 1165                                             ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(t) #
+ 1166                                                   SymTab.ClPtr THEN
+ 1167                                               SemError(219);
+ 1168                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType
+ 1169                                             ELSE
+ 1170                                               bt := SymTab.PtrBase(t);
+ 1171                                               IF bt = SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+ 1172                                               ELSE
+ 1173                                                 IF sfx THEN
+ 1174                                                   QbeGen.ElemLoad(q, t,
+ 1175                                                     qb);
+ 1176                                                   QbeGen.CopyOp(qb, q)
+ 1177                                                 END;
+ 1178                                                 t := bt;
+ 1179                                                 IF (SymTab.ClassOf(bt) =
+ 1180                                                    SymTab.ClInt)
+ 1181                                                    OR (SymTab.ClassOf(bt) =
+ 1182                                                        SymTab.ClBool)
+ 1183                                                    OR (SymTab.ClassOf(bt) =
+ 1184                                                        SymTab.ClChar)
+ 1185                                                    OR (SymTab.ClassOf(bt) =
+ 1186                                                        SymTab.ClReal) THEN
+ 1187                                                   sfx := TRUE
+ 1188                                                 ELSE sfx := FALSE
+ 1189                                                 END
+ 1190                                               END
+ 1191                                             END; .) } .
+ 1192    Expr<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR q: QbeGen.QVal>
+ 1193                                          (. VAR t2: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+ 1194                                               op: INTEGER;
+ 1195                                               q2, qt: QbeGen.QVal;
+ 1196                                               isR: BOOLEAN; .)
+ 1197      = SimExpr<t, q>
+ 1198        [ Rel<op> SimExpr<t2, q2>
+ 1199          (. IF op = SymTab.OpIn THEN
+ 1200               IF SymTab.InCheck(t, t2) THEN
+ 1201                 IF (t = SymTab.InvalidType)
+ 1202                    OR (t2 = SymTab.InvalidType) THEN
+ 1203                   t := SymTab.BoolType(); QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1204                 ELSE
+ 1205                   QbeGen.InSet(q, q2, SymTab.SetBaseLo(t2),
+ 1206                     SymTab.SetCount(t2), qt);
+ 1207                   t := SymTab.BoolType(); QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
+ 1208                 END
+ 1209               ELSE SemError(222); t := SymTab.InvalidType;
+ 1210                 QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1211               END
+ 1212             ELSIF SymTab.RelCheck(t, t2, op) THEN
+ 1213               IF (t = SymTab.InvalidType)
+ 1214                  OR (t2 = SymTab.InvalidType) THEN
+ 1215                 t := SymTab.BoolType(); QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1216               ELSIF (SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClPtr)
+ 1217                  OR (SymTab.ClassOf(t2) = SymTab.ClPtr) THEN
+ 1218                 IF (op # SymTab.OpEq) & (op # SymTab.OpNeq1)
+ 1219                    & (op # SymTab.OpNeq2) THEN
+ 1220                   SemError(213); t := SymTab.InvalidType;
+ 1221                   QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1222                 ELSE
+ 1223                   QbeGen.CmpL(op, q, q2, qt);
+ 1224                   t := SymTab.BoolType(); QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
+ 1225                 END
+ 1226               ELSIF (SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClSet)
+ 1227                  OR (SymTab.ClassOf(t2) = SymTab.ClSet) THEN
+ 1228                 QbeGen.CmpSet(op, q, q2,
+ 1229                   SymTab.SetWords(t), SymTab.SetWords(t2), qt);
+ 1230                 t := SymTab.BoolType(); QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
+ 1231               ELSE
+ 1232                 isR := SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClReal;
+ 1233                 t := SymTab.BoolType();
+ 1234                 QbeGen.Cmp(op, q, q2, qt, isR);
+ 1235                 QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
+ 1236               END
+ 1237             ELSE SemError(213); t := SymTab.InvalidType;
+ 1238               QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1239             END; .) ] .
+ 1240    Rel<VAR op: INTEGER>
+ 1241      = "="                               (. op := SymTab.OpEq; .)
+ 1242      | "#"                               (. op := SymTab.OpNeq1; .)
+ 1243      | "<"                               (. op := SymTab.OpLt; .)
+ 1244      | "<="                              (. op := SymTab.OpLe; .)
+ 1245      | ">"                               (. op := SymTab.OpGt; .)
+ 1246      | ">="                              (. op := SymTab.OpGe; .)
+ 1247      | "IN"                              (. op := SymTab.OpIn; .) .
+ 1248    SimExpr<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR q: QbeGen.QVal>
+ 1249                                          (. VAR t2, res2: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+ 1250                                               op: INTEGER;
+ 1251                                               q2, qt: QbeGen.QVal;
+ 1252                                               neg, isR: BOOLEAN;
+ 1253                                               lw, rw, mw: CARDINAL; .)
+ 1254      =                                   (. neg := FALSE; .)
+ 1255        [ "+" | "-"                       (. neg := TRUE; .) ]
+ 1256        Term<t, q>                        (. IF neg THEN
+ 1257                                             IF QbeGen.IsImm(q) THEN
+ 1258                                               QbeGen.NegFold(q, q)
+ 1259                                             ELSE QbeGen.NewTemp(qt);
+ 1260                                               QbeGen.NegQ(q, qt,
+ 1261                                                 SymTab.ClassOf(t)
+ 1262                                                 = SymTab.ClReal);
+ 1263                                               QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
+ 1264                                             END
+ 1265                                           END; .)
+ 1266        { AddOp<op> Term<t2, q2>
+ 1267          (. IF op = SymTab.OpOr THEN
+ 1268               IF SymTab.BoolCheck(t) & SymTab.BoolCheck(t2) THEN
+ 1269                 t := SymTab.BoolType()
+ 1270               ELSE SemError(212); t := SymTab.InvalidType END;
+ 1271               IF t # SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+ 1272                 QbeGen.NewTemp(qt);
+ 1273                 QbeGen.Op3("or", qt, q, q2, FALSE);
+ 1274                 QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
+ 1275               ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1276               END
+ 1277             ELSIF (t # SymTab.InvalidType) & (t2 # SymTab.InvalidType)
+ 1278                & (SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClSet)
+ 1279                & (SymTab.ClassOf(t2) = SymTab.ClSet) THEN
+ 1280               lw := SymTab.SetWords(t); rw := SymTab.SetWords(t2);
+ 1281               mw := lw;
+ 1282               IF rw > mw THEN mw := rw END;
+ 1283               IF op = SymTab.OpAdd THEN
+ 1284                 QbeGen.SetBinOp(0, q, q2, lw, rw, qt)
+ 1285               ELSE
+ 1286                 QbeGen.SetBinOp(2, q, q2, lw, rw, qt)
+ 1287               END;
+ 1288               t := SymTab.NewSet(
+ 1289                      SymTab.NewSubR(0,
+ 1290                        VAL(INTEGER, mw) * 32 - 1));
+ 1291               QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
+ 1292             ELSE
+ 1293               IF SymTab.ArithCheck(t, t2, FALSE, res2) THEN
+ 1294                 t := res2
+ 1295               ELSE SemError(211); t := SymTab.InvalidType END;
+ 1296               isR := SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClReal;
+ 1297               IF t # SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+ 1298                 QbeGen.NewTemp(qt);
+ 1299                 IF op = SymTab.OpAdd THEN
+ 1300                   QbeGen.Op3("add", qt, q, q2, isR)
+ 1301                 ELSE
+ 1302                   QbeGen.Op3("sub", qt, q, q2, isR)
+ 1303                 END;
+ 1304                 QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
+ 1305               ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1306               END
+ 1307             END; .) } .
+ 1308    AddOp<VAR op: INTEGER>
+ 1309      = "+"                               (. op := SymTab.OpAdd; .)
+ 1310      | "-"                               (. op := SymTab.OpSub; .)
+ 1311      | "OR"                              (. op := SymTab.OpOr; .) .
+ 1312    Term<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR q: QbeGen.QVal>
+ 1313                                          (. VAR t2, res2: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+ 1314                                               op: INTEGER;
+ 1315                                               q2, qt: QbeGen.QVal;
+ 1316                                               isR: BOOLEAN;
+ 1317                                               lw, rw, mw: CARDINAL; .)
+ 1318      = Fact<t, q> { MulOp<op> Fact<t2, q2>
+ 1319        (. IF op = SymTab.OpAnd THEN
+ 1320             IF SymTab.BoolCheck(t) & SymTab.BoolCheck(t2) THEN
+ 1321               t := SymTab.BoolType()
+ 1322             ELSE SemError(212); t := SymTab.InvalidType END;
+ 1323             IF t # SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+ 1324               QbeGen.NewTemp(qt);
+ 1325               QbeGen.Op3("and", qt, q, q2, FALSE);
+ 1326               QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
+ 1327             ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1328             END
+ 1329           ELSIF (t # SymTab.InvalidType) & (t2 # SymTab.InvalidType)
+ 1330              & (SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClSet)
+ 1331              & (SymTab.ClassOf(t2) = SymTab.ClSet) THEN
+ 1332             lw := SymTab.SetWords(t); rw := SymTab.SetWords(t2);
+ 1333             mw := lw;
+ 1334             IF rw > mw THEN mw := rw END;
+ 1335             IF op = SymTab.OpTimes THEN
+ 1336               QbeGen.SetBinOp(1, q, q2, lw, rw, qt)
+ 1337             ELSE
+ 1338               QbeGen.SetBinOp(3, q, q2, lw, rw, qt)
+ 1339             END;
+ 1340             t := SymTab.NewSet(
+ 1341                    SymTab.NewSubR(0,
+ 1342                      VAL(INTEGER, mw) * 32 - 1));
+ 1343             QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
+ 1344           ELSE
+ 1345             IF SymTab.ArithCheck(t, t2,
+ 1346                  (op = SymTab.OpDiv) OR (op = SymTab.OpMod),
+ 1347                  res2) THEN t := res2
+ 1348             ELSE SemError(211); t := SymTab.InvalidType END;
+ 1349             isR := SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClReal;
+ 1350             IF t # SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+ 1351               QbeGen.NewTemp(qt);
+ 1352               IF op = SymTab.OpTimes THEN
+ 1353                 QbeGen.Op3("mul", qt, q, q2, isR)
+ 1354               ELSIF (op = SymTab.OpDiv)
+ 1355                  OR (op = SymTab.OpSlash) THEN
+ 1356                 QbeGen.Op3("div", qt, q, q2, isR)
+ 1357               ELSE
+ 1358                 QbeGen.Op3("rem", qt, q, q2, isR)
+ 1359               END;
+ 1360               QbeGen.CopyOp(qt, q)
+ 1361             ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1362             END
+ 1363           END; .) } .
+ 1364    MulOp<VAR op: INTEGER>
+ 1365      = "*"                               (. op := SymTab.OpTimes; .)
+ 1366      | "/"                               (. op := SymTab.OpSlash; .)
+ 1367      | "DIV"                             (. op := SymTab.OpDiv; .)
+ 1368      | "MOD"                             (. op := SymTab.OpMod; .)
+ 1369      | "AND"                             (. op := SymTab.OpAnd; .) .
+ 1370    Fact<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR q: QbeGen.QVal>
+ 1371                                          (. VAR s: ARRAY [0 .. 255] OF CHAR;
+ 1372                                               et, dt, t2, st: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+ 1373                                               dk: INTEGER;
+ 1374                                               qd, q2, sq: QbeGen.QVal;
+ 1375                                               qn: SymTab.Name;
+ 1376                                               sfx: BOOLEAN; .)
+ 1377      = integer                           (. LexString(s);
+ 1378                                             QbeGen.NormInt(s, q);
+ 1379                                             t := SymTab.IntType(); .)
+ 1380      | real                              (. LexString(s);
+ 1381                                             QbeGen.NormReal(s, q);
+ 1382                                             t := SymTab.RealType(); .)
+ 1383      | string                            (. LexString(s);
+ 1384                                             IF SymTab.StrLen(s) = 3 THEN
+ 1385                                               t := SymTab.CharType();
+ 1386                                               QbeGen.IntStr(
+ 1387                                                 QbeGen.CharVal(s), q)
+ 1388                                             ELSE t := SymTab.NewStr();
+ 1389                                               QbeGen.DeclStr(s, q)
+ 1390                                             END; .)
+ 1391      | Design<dt, dk, qd, qn, sfx>       (. t := dt;
+ 1392                                             IF sfx THEN
+ 1393                                               IF dt =
+ 1394                                                  SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+ 1395                                                 QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1396                                               ELSIF (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
+ 1397                                                      SymTab.ClRecord)
+ 1398                                                  OR (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
+ 1399                                                      SymTab.ClSet)
+ 1400                                                  OR (SymTab.ClassOf(dt) =
+ 1401                                                      SymTab.ClClass) THEN
+ 1402                                                 QbeGen.CopyOp(qd, q)
+ 1403                                               ELSE QbeGen.ElemLoad(qd, dt,
+ 1404                                                 q)
+ 1405                                               END
+ 1406                                             ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp(qd, q)
+ 1407                                             END; .)
+ 1408      | "(" Expr<et, q> ")"               (. t := et; .)
+ 1409      | SetLit<st, sq>                    (. t := st;
+ 1410                                             QbeGen.CopyOp(sq, q); .)
+ 1411      | "NOT" Fact<t2, q2>                (. IF SymTab.BoolCheck(t2) THEN
+ 1412                                               t := SymTab.BoolType()
+ 1413                                             ELSE SemError(212);
+ 1414                                               t := SymTab.InvalidType END;
+ 1415                                             IF t # SymTab.InvalidType THEN
+ 1416                                               QbeGen.NotQ(q2, q)
+ 1417                                             ELSE QbeGen.CopyOp("0", q)
+ 1418                                             END; .) .
+ 1419    (* Set literals are SET OF [0..255] (8 words); elements validated
+ 1420       0..255 statically when foldable (222 otherwise), runtime trap
+ 1421       for computed elements. Ranges always lower via SetRange. *)
+ 1422    SetLit<VAR t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR q: QbeGen.QVal>
+ 1423      = "{"                               (. t := SymTab.NewSet(
+ 1424                                               SymTab.NewSubR(0, 255));
+ 1425                                             QbeGen.NewSetTemp(8, q);
+ 1426                                             QbeGen.SetZero(q, 8); .)
+ 1427        [ SetElem<t, q> { "," SetElem<t, q> } ]
+ 1428        "}" .
+ 1429    SetElem<st: SymTab.TypeIndex; sq: QbeGen.QVal>         (. VAR et, et2: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+ 1430                                               qe, q2: QbeGen.QVal;
+ 1431                                               v, v2: INTEGER;
+ 1432                                               lo: INTEGER;
+ 1433                                               span: CARDINAL;
+ 1434                                               cl, cl2: INTEGER;
+ 1435                                               hasR: BOOLEAN; .)
+ 1436      =                                   (. hasR := FALSE; .)
+ 1437        Expr<et, qe>
+ 1438        [ ".." Expr<et2, q2>              (. hasR := TRUE; .) ]
+ 1439                                          (. lo := SymTab.SetBaseLo(st);
+ 1440                                             span := SymTab.SetCount(st);
+ 1441                                             IF (et = SymTab.InvalidType)
+ 1442                                                OR (hasR & (et2 =
+ 1443                                                   SymTab.InvalidType)) THEN
+ 1444                                             ELSE cl :=
+ 1445                                                    SymTab.ClassOf(et);
+ 1446                                               IF hasR THEN
+ 1447                                                 cl2 :=
+ 1448                                                   SymTab.ClassOf(et2)
+ 1449                                               ELSE cl2 := SymTab.ClInt
+ 1450                                               END;
+ 1451                                               IF ((cl # SymTab.ClInt)
+ 1452                                                  & (cl # SymTab.ClChar)
+ 1453                                                  & (cl # SymTab.ClBool))
+ 1454                                                  OR (hasR &
+ 1455                                                     ((cl2
+ 1456                                                       # SymTab.ClInt)
+ 1457                                                     & (cl2
+ 1458                                                        # SymTab.ClChar)
+ 1459                                                     & (cl2
+ 1460                                                        # SymTab.ClBool))) THEN
+ 1461                                                 SemError(222)
+ 1462                                               ELSIF hasR
+ 1463                                                  & SymTab.ConstInt(qe, v)
+ 1464                                                  & SymTab.ConstInt(q2,
+ 1465                                                     v2)
+ 1466                                                  & ((v < lo)
+ 1467                                                     OR (v2 < lo)
+ 1468                                                     OR (v >= lo +
+ 1469                                                        VAL(INTEGER, span))
+ 1470                                                     OR (v2 >= lo +
+ 1471                                                        VAL(INTEGER, span))
+ 1472                                                     OR (v > v2)) THEN
+ 1473                                                 SemError(222)
+ 1474                                                ELSIF hasR THEN
+ 1475                                                  QbeGen.SetRange(sq, qe, q2,
+ 1476                                                    lo, span)
+ 1477                                                ELSIF SymTab.ConstInt(qe,
+ 1478                                                        v)
+ 1479                                                   & ((v < lo)
+ 1480                                                      OR (v >= lo +
+ 1481                                                         VAL(INTEGER,
+ 1482                                                           span))) THEN
+ 1483                                                  SemError(222)
+ 1484                                                ELSE QbeGen.SetBit(sq, qe,
+ 1485                                                  lo, span)
+ 1486                                               END
+ 1487                                             END; .) .
+ 1488    GetIdent<VAR n: SymTab.Name>
+ 1489      = ident                             (. LexName(n); .) .
+ 1490  
+ 1491  END M2.
 
     0 errors
 
 
 Statistics:
 
-  nr of terminals:        71 (limit   400)
-  nr of non-terminals:    67 (limit   210)
-  nr of pragmas:           0 (limit   429)
-  nr of symbolnodes:     138 (limit   500)
-  nr of graphnodes:      618 (limit  1500)
+  nr of terminals:        75 (limit   400)
+  nr of non-terminals:    70 (limit   210)
+  nr of pragmas:           0 (limit   425)
+  nr of symbolnodes:     145 (limit   500)
+  nr of graphnodes:      641 (limit  1500)
   nr of conditionsets:     6 (limit   100)
   nr of charactersets:    11 (limit   250)
 

+ 19 - 0
compiler/src/QbeGen.def

@@ -53,6 +53,19 @@ PROCEDURE Cmp (op: INTEGER; l, r: ARRAY OF CHAR; VAR q: QVal;
    (ceqw/cnew/csltw/cslew/csgtw/csgew); q := fresh w holding 0/1.
    isReal reserved; step 2 passes FALSE. *)
 
+PROCEDURE CmpL (op: INTEGER; l, r: ARRAY OF CHAR; VAR q: QVal);
+(* Address comparison (ceql/cnel, =/# only); q := fresh w. *)
+
+PROCEDURE NewHeap (t: INTEGER; VAR q: QVal);
+(* q := malloc(HeapSize(t)) via extern call (object skeleton). *)
+
+PROCEDURE FreeHeap (v: ARRAY OF CHAR);
+(* call $free(l v). Shallow (nested objects leak — documented). *)
+
+PROCEDURE InitHeap (addr: ARRAY OF CHAR; t: INTEGER);
+(* Stores static counts and allocates nested objects recursively;
+   elements/members otherwise garbage per Wirth. *)
+
 PROCEDURE NotQ (a: ARRAY OF CHAR; VAR q: QVal);
 (* q := fresh w holding "NOT a" (xor 1, a). *)
 
@@ -64,9 +77,15 @@ PROCEDURE TopLoop (VAR exit: QVal): BOOLEAN;
 PROCEDURE LoadVar (name: ARRAY OF CHAR; isReal: BOOLEAN; VAR q: QVal);
 (* q := fresh temp holding $name (isReal reserved; step 1: FALSE). *)
 
+PROCEDURE LoadPtr (name: ARRAY OF CHAR; VAR q: QVal);
+(* q := fresh l temp holding the pointer $name. *)
+
 PROCEDURE StoreVar (name: ARRAY OF CHAR; q: ARRAY OF CHAR; isReal: BOOLEAN);
 (* "storew q, $name" (isReal reserved; step 1: FALSE). *)
 
+PROCEDURE StorePtr (name: ARRAY OF CHAR; q: ARRAY OF CHAR);
+(* "storel q, $name". *)
+
 PROCEDURE Op3 (mn: ARRAY OF CHAR; res, l, r: ARRAY OF CHAR;
                isReal: BOOLEAN);
 (* "res =w mn l, r" with mn = add/sub/mul/div/rem. *)

+ 117 - 0
compiler/src/QbeGen.mod

@@ -260,6 +260,15 @@ PROCEDURE DataLine (name: ARRAY OF CHAR; isReal: BOOLEAN;
     WL(" }")
   END DataLine;
 
+PROCEDURE DataLineL (name: ARRAY OF CHAR; init: ARRAY OF CHAR);
+  BEGIN
+    IF ~opened THEN RETURN END;
+    W("data $"); W(name);
+    W(" = { l ");
+    W(init);
+    WL(" }")
+  END DataLineL;
+
 PROCEDURE DeclVar (name: ARRAY OF CHAR; t: INTEGER);
   BEGIN
     IF SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClReal THEN DataLine(name, TRUE, "0")
@@ -268,6 +277,7 @@ PROCEDURE DeclVar (name: ARRAY OF CHAR; t: INTEGER);
     ELSIF (SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClRecord)
        OR (SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClClass) THEN
       DeclRec(name, t)
+    ELSIF SymTab.ClassOf(t) = SymTab.ClPtr THEN DataLineL(name, "0")
     ELSE DataLine(name, FALSE, "0")
     END
   END DeclVar;
@@ -378,6 +388,14 @@ PROCEDURE LoadVar (name: ARRAY OF CHAR; isReal: BOOLEAN; VAR q: QVal);
     WL(name)
   END LoadVar;
 
+PROCEDURE LoadPtr (name: ARRAY OF CHAR; VAR q: QVal);
+  BEGIN
+    NewTemp(q);
+    Revive;
+    W("  "); W(q); W(" =l loadl $");
+    WL(name)
+  END LoadPtr;
+
 PROCEDURE StoreVar (name: ARRAY OF CHAR; q: ARRAY OF CHAR; isReal: BOOLEAN);
   BEGIN
     Revive;
@@ -385,6 +403,12 @@ PROCEDURE StoreVar (name: ARRAY OF CHAR; q: ARRAY OF CHAR; isReal: BOOLEAN);
     W(q); W(", $"); WL(name)
   END StoreVar;
 
+PROCEDURE StorePtr (name: ARRAY OF CHAR; q: ARRAY OF CHAR);
+  BEGIN
+    Revive;
+    W("  storel "); W(q); W(", $"); WL(name)
+  END StorePtr;
+
 PROCEDURE Op3 (mn: ARRAY OF CHAR; res, l, r: ARRAY OF CHAR;
                isReal: BOOLEAN);
   BEGIN
@@ -1265,12 +1289,105 @@ PROCEDURE TopLoop (VAR exit: QVal): BOOLEAN;
     RETURN TRUE
   END TopLoop;
 
+PROCEDURE CmpL (op: INTEGER; l, r: ARRAY OF CHAR; VAR q: QVal);
+  VAR mn : ARRAY [0 .. 7] OF CHAR;
+  BEGIN
+    mn[0] := 0C;
+    IF op = SymTab.OpEq THEN Cpy(mn, "ceql")
+    ELSE Cpy(mn, "cnel")
+    END;
+    NewTemp(q);
+    Op3(mn, q, l, r, FALSE)
+  END CmpL;
+
 PROCEDURE Remark (s: ARRAY OF CHAR);
   BEGIN
     Revive;
     W("# "); WL(s)
   END Remark;
 
+(* ---------------- heap (step 3.6: extern malloc/free) ---------------- *)
+(* Only the object skeleton is initialized (array counts); elements
+   and members stay garbage per Wirth, except nested objects which
+   are allocated recursively. DISPOSE is shallow (documented). *)
+
+PROCEDURE HeapSize (t: SymTab.TypeIndex): CARDINAL;
+  VAR cls: INTEGER;
+  BEGIN
+    cls := SymTab.ClassOf(t);
+    IF cls = SymTab.ClArray THEN
+      RETURN 8 + SymTab.ArrayLen(t) * ElemSize(t)
+    END;
+    RETURN SymTab.TypeSize(t)
+  END HeapSize;
+
+PROCEDURE NewHeap (t: SymTab.TypeIndex; VAR q: QVal);
+  VAR nb: QVal;
+  BEGIN
+    NewTemp(q);
+    Revive;
+    IntStr(VAL(INTEGER, HeapSize(t)), nb);
+    W("  "); W(q); W(" =l call $malloc(l "); W(nb); WL(")")
+  END NewHeap;
+
+PROCEDURE FreeHeap (v: ARRAY OF CHAR);
+  BEGIN
+    Revive;
+    W("  call $free(l "); W(v); WL(")")
+  END FreeHeap;
+
+PROCEDURE InitHeap (addr: ARRAY OF CHAR; t: SymTab.TypeIndex);
+  VAR cls, ecls: INTEGER;
+    n, i: CARDINAL;
+    fn: SymTab.Name;
+    ft: SymTab.TypeIndex;
+    nb, ea, eb, fa, fb: QVal;
+  BEGIN
+    cls := SymTab.ClassOf(t);
+    IF cls = SymTab.ClArray THEN
+      IntStr(VAL(INTEGER, SymTab.ArrayLen(t)), nb);
+      Revive;
+      W("  storel "); W(nb); W(", "); WL(addr);
+      ecls := SymTab.ClassOf(SymTab.ArrayElem(t));
+      IF ecls = SymTab.ClArray THEN
+        n := SymTab.ArrayLen(t);
+        i := 0;
+        WHILE i < n DO
+          IntStr(VAL(INTEGER, 8 + i * 8), nb);
+          NewTemp(ea);
+          Op3L("add", ea, addr, nb);
+          NewHeap(SymTab.ArrayElem(t), eb);
+          Revive;
+          W("  storel "); W(eb); W(", "); WL(ea);
+          INC(i)
+        END
+      END
+    ELSIF (cls = SymTab.ClRecord) OR (cls = SymTab.ClClass) THEN
+      n := SymTab.FieldCount(t);
+      i := 0;
+      WHILE i < n DO
+        SymTab.FieldName(t, i, fn);
+        ft := SymTab.FieldType(t, fn);
+        ecls := SymTab.ClassOf(ft);
+        IF ecls = SymTab.ClArray THEN
+          IntStr(SymTab.FieldOffset(t, fn), nb);
+          NewTemp(fa);
+          Op3L("add", fa, addr, nb);
+          NewHeap(ft, fb);
+          InitHeap(fb, ft);
+          Revive;
+          W("  storel "); W(fb); W(", "); WL(fa)
+        ELSIF (ecls = SymTab.ClRecord) OR (ecls = SymTab.ClClass) THEN
+          IntStr(SymTab.FieldOffset(t, fn), nb);
+          NewTemp(fa);
+          Op3L("add", fa, addr, nb);
+          InitHeap(fa, ft)
+        END;
+        INC(i)
+      END
+    END
+  END InitHeap;
+
 BEGIN
   opened := FALSE;
   inBody := FALSE;

+ 1 - 0
compiler/src/SymTab.def

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ CONST
   ClPtr     = 9;
   ClStr     = 10;
   ClClass   = 11;
+  ClNil     = 12;
 
   (* operator codes for RelCheck *)
   OpEq = 0; OpNeq1 = 1; OpNeq2 = 2;

+ 14 - 3
compiler/src/SymTab.mod

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ CONST
   FNone = 0; FAlias = 1; FSub = 2; FEnum = 3; FArray = 4;
   FRecord = 5; FSet = 6; FPtr = 7; FStr = 8;
   FInt = 9; FReal = 10; FChar = 11; FBool = 12;
-  FClass = 13; FOpenArr = 14;
+  FClass = 13; FOpenArr = 14; FNil = 15;
 
 TYPE
   SymPtr = POINTER TO SymNode;
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ VAR
   curPTail : SymPtr;  (* positional param chain tail *)
   procStk : ARRAY [0 .. 15] OF SymPtr;
   nProc : CARDINAL;
-  dInt, dCard, dReal, dChar, dBool : TypeIndex;
+  dInt, dCard, dReal, dChar, dBool, dNil : TypeIndex;
 
 (* ---------------- strings ---------------- *)
 
@@ -511,6 +511,7 @@ PROCEDURE ClassOf (t: TypeIndex): INTEGER;
     | FPtr : RETURN ClPtr
     | FStr : RETURN ClStr
     | FClass : RETURN ClClass
+    | FNil : RETURN ClNil
     | FSub : IF tref[r] = InvalidType THEN RETURN ClInt
              ELSE RETURN ClassOf(tref[r]) END
     ELSE RETURN ClInvalid
@@ -1023,6 +1024,9 @@ PROCEDURE Assignable (src, dst: TypeIndex): BOOLEAN;
       RETURN (ArrayDepth(dst) = 1)
              & (ClassOf(ArrayElem(dst)) = ClChar)
     END;
+    IF ClassOf(src) = ClNil THEN
+      RETURN ClassOf(dst) = ClPtr
+    END;
     IF (ClassOf(src) = ClInt) & (ClassOf(dst) = ClInt) THEN
       RETURN TRUE
     END;
@@ -1065,6 +1069,12 @@ PROCEDURE EqCheck (l, r: TypeIndex): BOOLEAN;
   VAR rl, rr: TypeIndex;
   BEGIN
     IF (l = InvalidType) OR (r = InvalidType) THEN RETURN TRUE END;
+    IF ClassOf(l) = ClNil THEN
+      RETURN (ClassOf(r) = ClNil) OR (ClassOf(r) = ClPtr)
+    END;
+    IF ClassOf(r) = ClNil THEN
+      RETURN (ClassOf(l) = ClNil) OR (ClassOf(l) = ClPtr)
+    END;
     IF SameType(l, r) THEN
       (* Whole-array, string, record and class equality are not
          built-in (213); compare member-wise instead. *)
@@ -1175,6 +1185,7 @@ PROCEDURE Init;
     dReal := NewDesc(FReal, InvalidType);
     dChar := NewDesc(FChar, InvalidType);
     dBool := NewDesc(FBool, InvalidType);
+    dNil := NewDesc(FNil, InvalidType);
     Predef("INTEGER", KindPredef, dInt);
     Predef("CARDINAL", KindPredef, dCard);
     Predef("SHORTINT", KindPredef, dInt);
@@ -1186,7 +1197,7 @@ PROCEDURE Init;
     Predef("BOOLEAN", KindPredef, dBool);
     Predef("TRUE", KindConst, dBool);
     Predef("FALSE", KindConst, dBool);
-    Predef("NIL", KindConst, InvalidType)
+    Predef("NIL", KindConst, dNil)
   END Init;
 
 (* ---------------- listing ---------------- *)

+ 6 - 0
compiler/tests/t_bad_deref.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+MODULE TBadDeref;
+VAR x : INTEGER;
+VAR ExitCode : INTEGER;
+BEGIN
+  x^ := 1
+END TBadDeref.

+ 6 - 0
compiler/tests/t_bad_new.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+MODULE TBadNew;
+VAR x : INTEGER;
+VAR ExitCode : INTEGER;
+BEGIN
+  NEW(x)
+END TBadNew.

+ 5 - 0
compiler/tests/t_opaqueptr.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+DEFINITION MODULE TOpaquePtr;
+TYPE T;
+TYPE P = POINTER TO T;
+VAR p : P;
+END TOpaquePtr.

+ 15 - 0
compiler/tests/t_pointer.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+MODULE TPtr;
+// Pointers: NEW, deref store/load, aliasing, NIL both ways,
+// DISPOSE + nil-after. Exit 42.
+TYPE PInt = POINTER TO INTEGER;
+VAR ExitCode : INTEGER;
+VAR p, q : PInt;
+BEGIN
+  NEW(p);
+  p^ := 42;
+  q := p;
+  IF (p = q) AND (p # NIL) THEN ExitCode := 40 ELSE ExitCode := 0 END;
+  DISPOSE(p);
+  p := NIL;
+  IF p = NIL THEN ExitCode := ExitCode + 2 END
+END TPtr.

+ 14 - 0
compiler/tests/t_ptrarray.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+MODULE TPtrArr;
+// Pointer to array: heap sizing, ^-then-index chains. Exit 15.
+TYPE Arr = ARRAY [0..2] OF INTEGER;
+TYPE PArr = POINTER TO Arr;
+VAR ExitCode : INTEGER;
+VAR p : PArr;
+VAR i, sum : INTEGER;
+BEGIN
+  NEW(p);
+  sum := 0;
+  FOR i := 0 TO 2 DO p^[i] := i * 5; sum := sum + p^[i] END;
+  DISPOSE(p);
+  ExitCode := sum
+END TPtrArr.

+ 10 - 0
compiler/tests/t_ptrnest.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+MODULE TPtrNest;
+TYPE M = ARRAY [0..1, 0..1] OF INTEGER;
+TYPE PM = POINTER TO M;
+VAR ExitCode : INTEGER;
+VAR p : PM;
+BEGIN
+  NEW(p);
+  p^[0, 0] := 1; p^[0, 1] := 2; p^[1, 0] := 3; p^[1, 1] := 4;
+  ExitCode := p^[0, 0] + p^[0, 1] + p^[1, 0] + p^[1, 1]
+END TPtrNest.

+ 11 - 0
compiler/tests/t_ptrrec.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+MODULE TPtrRec;
+TYPE P = RECORD x, y : INTEGER END;
+TYPE PP = POINTER TO P;
+VAR ExitCode : INTEGER;
+VAR p : PP;
+BEGIN
+  NEW(p);
+  p^.x := 7;
+  p^.y := 8;
+  ExitCode := p^.x + p^.y
+END TPtrRec.

+ 54 - 0
docs/summary_step3.6.md

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# V3 step 3.6 — pointers: vars, NIL, deref, NEW/DISPOSE (done 2026-09-20)
+
+Composites complete. Suite 64/64 (30 run — incl. 3 trap-aborts —
++ 34 reject). LL(1)-clean (only the known-benign TypeBlock warning).
+
+## NIL as a real type (the key decision)
+
+`NIL` was `InvalidType` piggy-backing on error suppression, which
+made `p := NIL` silently emit nothing and `p = NIL` fold false.
+Now `FNil`/`ClNil`/`dNil`: `NIL` assigns to pointers (210
+elsewhere — `i := NIL` finally errors instead of vanishing),
+compares with pointers via `ceql/cnel` (213 against the rest),
+and is rejected everywhere else through existing predicates
+(211/212/214/222/230 all automatic). Named `CONST X = NIL`
+flows identically. No new error codes needed.
+
+## Grammar (`M2.atg`)
+
+- `PointerType` (`POINTER TO`, never open inside); `^` suffix with
+  sfx discipline (address flows, load at use; chains compose:
+  `pa^[i]`, `pr^.f`, `pp^^`); `< > <= >=` on pointers are 213.
+- `NEW`/`DISPOSE` as builtin statements (no call syntax until
+  step 4): plain vars via name, suffixed designators via address;
+  210 on non-vars, 219 on non-pointers.
+- `Design` root loads pointers (`LoadPtr`); `Assign` stores them
+  (`StorePtr`); `VarDecl` accepts them (`{ l 0 }` data).
+- `DISPOSE` nils afterwards — deviates from Wirth-undefined
+  (testable postcondition, safer); `DISPOSE` is shallow (nested
+  objects leak — documented); nil-deref is raw (no check).
+
+## Backend (`QbeGen`, all probed first)
+
+`LoadPtr/StorePtr`, `CmpL`, `DataLineL`, `NewHeap` (extern
+`malloc`, size from descriptors) + recursive `InitHeap` (static
+counts stored, nested objects allocated unrolled, members
+otherwise garbage). Single-arg extern calls and store-immediates
+(`storel 0, $p`) verified by probe before use.
+
+## SymTab (additive only)
+
+`FNil/ClNil/dNil`, `Assignable` nil→ptr rule, `EqCheck` nil rules.
+`NewPtr/PtrBase` (Test2 heritage) finally wired.
+
+## Tests
+
+`t_pointer` → 42 (NEW/deref/alias/both NIL directions/DISPOSE/
+nil-after), `t_ptrarray` → 15 (heap sizing, `^`-index chains),
+`t_ptrrec` → 15 (record heap objects, `pr^.f` chains),
+`t_ptrnest` → 10 (recursive heap allocation), `t_opaqueptr`
+(pointer-to-opaque descriptors — the step-4 ADT hook),
+`t_bad_deref`/`t_bad_new` → 219. Total 64.
+
+Deferred: recursive `DISPOSE`, nil-deref trap, `HIGH`/`LEN`
+(step 4 calls), class lowering, procedure-type calls.