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  4. 		<title>Jade at the Beijing Capital Museum 首都博物馆</title>
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  5. 		<meta name="description" content="Beijing's Capital Museum has a collection of jade objects ranging from the Neolithic Age to the delicate filigree ornaments of the Qing Dynasty.">
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  24. 				<td valign="CENTER" nowrap="1" bgcolor="#000033"><font size="-2" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><a class="white" href="http://hua.umf.maine.edu/China/china.html">  China Index </a></font><font size+1 class="white">|</font></td>
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  25. 				<td nowrap="1" bgcolor="#000033"><font size="-2" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><a class="white" href="http://hua.umf.maine.edu/Chinese/welcome.html">  Ting Chinese English Dictionary </a></font><font size+1 class="white">|</font></td>
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  27. 				<td nowrap="1" bgcolor="#000033"><font size="-2" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><a class="white" href="http://hua.umf.maine.edu/China/beijing2.html">  Historic Beijing in Pictures </a></font><font size+1 class="white">|</font></td>
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  40. 							<h1><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Jade Objects from the History of Beijing</font><font size="+1"><br>
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  45. 								<h1><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Capital Museum </font><font size="+2" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">首都博物馆</font></h1>
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    62. 

  62. 					<td><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The images are presented continuously if you click on an image on the individual pages. The links on this page are a sample of the images in the series.  The jades are not arranged in chronological order.</font></td>
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  65. 							<h1><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Jade</font></h1>
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  67. 						<p><font color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Jade has had mystical significance since the Neolithic Age which began 10,000 years ago. Most sophisticated Neolithic settlements date to 3000 BC. Various cultures began to develop around the Yellow and Yangtze rivers. Settlements in the north were sparse, but appear to have had contact with both extreme northern peoples and with those in the southern areas around the areas of Xi'an and Anyang. Interesting similarities in bronze art extend from the northern Mongolian regions down into Yunnan. During the late Neolithic period the Yan people began to form a system culture. At the same time, the Han people were developing their culture around Anyang. </font></p>
    68. 

  68. 						<p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">During the period following the Tang Dyansty, the disruptions on the political scene brought new influences from foreign countries and multiplied the cultures influencing the development of art. By the Song Dynasty, new vigor had been brought to jade objects. Paintings influenced jade artists to portray scenic vistas and everyday activities. The Liao and Jin cultures in the north around Beijing drew influences from Mongolian, Manchu, Khitan, and Jurchen cultures as well as from the Song Dynasty to the south.</font></p>
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  69. 						<p><font color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">During the Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties jade objects became much more secular and decorative.  While jade continued to be used for religious objects, such as Buddha figures; flowers, designs, and patterns diversified and became the central theme of many objects.  During the Yuan Dyanasty, workmen combined the influences of Mongolian, Jin, and traditional Chinese influences.  </font></p>
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  70. 						<p><font color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">During the early Ming Dynasty, the Yuan tradition continued, but by the middle of the Ming Dynasty patterns simplified with a greater emphasis on line. This can be seen in Ming Dynasty furniture, as well. In the late Ming Period there was experimentation with rough jade patterns, letting the stone carry a natural form. The Ming Dynasty introduced many literary forms to jade objects.</font></p>
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  71. 						<p><font color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The Qing Dyansty was a time of elaboration in many art forms.  Because Emperors Kangxi, Yongcheng and Qianlong all loved art and culture, they supported the development of new artistic works.  All three collected jade and placed high value on the beauty of the objects made with it.  Very large objects were commissined by the aristocracy in the form of urns, vases, incense burners, and boxes.  Jade jewely became quite delicate and elaborate.</font></p>
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  74. 						<h1 align="center"><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </font></h1>
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  79. 							<font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Click on any of the pictures below to go to a section of the series. On the individual pages, you can either use the arrows at the top to navigate or click on the picture to advance to the next page.</font></div>
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  102. 							<font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Capital Museum 首都博物馆</font></div>
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  106. 							<font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Qing </strong></font><font size="+1"><strong>清</strong></font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong> 1796 - 1820 AD</strong></font></div>
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  122. 							<font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Neolithic Hongshan Culture</strong></font></div>
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  126. 							<font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Qing </strong></font><font size="+1"><strong>清</strong></font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong> 1736 - 1795 AD</strong></font></div>
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  136. 							<a href="pages/038_Jade_Capital_Museum.html"><img src="images/Chinese_Jade9952crwiconss.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="145" border="0"></a></div>
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  142. 							<font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Between 11th Century and 770 BC</strong></font></div>
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  146. 							<font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Qing </strong></font><font size="+1"><strong>清</strong></font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong> 1644 - 1911 AD</strong></font></div>
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  162. 							<font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Northern Song </strong></font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>北宋</strong></font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong> 960 - 1127 AD</strong></font></div>
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  166. 							<font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Ming </strong></font><font size="+1"><strong>明</strong></font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong> 1368 - 1644 AD</strong></font></div>
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  182. 							<font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Ming </strong></font><font size="+1"><strong>明</strong></font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong> 1368 - 1644 AD</strong></font></div>
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  186. 							<font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Qing </strong></font><font size="+1"><strong>清</strong></font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong> 1644 - 1911 AD</strong></font></div>
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  202. 							<font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Qing </strong></font><font size="+1"><strong>清</strong></font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong> 1644 - 1911 AD</strong></font></div>
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  206. 							<font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Qing </strong></font><font size="+1"><strong>清</strong></font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong> 1644 - 1911 AD</strong></font></div>
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  222. 							<font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Qing </strong></font><font size="+1"><strong>清</strong></font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong> 1644 - 1911 AD</strong></font></div>
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  226. 							<font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Qing </strong></font><font size="+1"><strong>清</strong></font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong> 1644 - 1911 AD</strong></font></div>
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  242. 							<font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Qing </strong></font><font size="+1"><strong>清</strong></font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong> 1644 - 1911 AD</strong></font></div>
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  246. 							<font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Qing </strong></font><font size="+1"><strong>清</strong></font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong> 1644 - 1911 AD</strong></font></div>
    247. 

  247. 					</td>
    248. 

  248. 				</tr>
    249. 

  249. 				<tr>
    250. 

  250. 					<td>
    251. 

  251. 						<div align="center">
    252. 

  252. 							<font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong><a href="pages/028_Jade_Capital_Museum.html"><img src="images/Chinese_Jade9882wiconss.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="134" border="0"></a></strong></font></div>
    253. 

  253. 					</td>
    254. 

  254. 					<td>
    255. 

  255. 						<div align="center">
    256. 

  256. 							<a href="pages/056_Jade_Capital_Museum.html"><img src="images/Chinese_Jade_0085wiconss.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="160" border="0"></a></div>
    257. 

  257. 					</td>
    258. 

  258. 				</tr>
    259. 

  259. 				<tr>
    260. 

  260. 					<td>
    261. 

  261. 						<div align="center">
    262. 

  262. 							<font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Qing </strong></font><font size="+1"><strong>清</strong></font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong> 1644 - 1911 AD</strong></font></div>
    263. 

  263. 					</td>
    264. 

  264. 					<td>
    265. 

  265. 						<div align="center">
    266. 

  266. 							<font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Qing </strong></font><font size="+1"><strong>清</strong></font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong> 1644 - 1911 AD</strong></font></div>
    267. 

  267. 					</td>
    268. 

  268. 				</tr>
    269. 

  269. 				<tr>
    270. 

  270. 					<td>
    271. 

  271. 						<div align="center">
    272. 

  272. 							<a href="pages/031_Jade_Capital_Museum.html"><img src="images/Chinese_Jade9896wiconss.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="139" border="0" /></a></div>
    273. 

  273. 					</td>
    274. 

  274. 					<td>
    275. 

  275. 						<div align="center">
    276. 

  276. 							<a href="pages/059_Jade_Capital_Museum.html"><img src="images/Chinese_Jade_0101wiconss.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="174" border="0"></a></div>
    277. 

  277. 					</td>
    278. 

  278. 				</tr>
    279. 

  279. 				<tr>
    280. 

  280. 					<td>
    281. 

  281. 						<div align="center">
    282. 

  282. 							<font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Qing </strong></font><font size="+1"><strong>清</strong></font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong> 1644 - 1911 AD</strong></font></div>
    283. 

  283. 					</td>
    284. 

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    285. 

  285. 						<div align="center">
    286. 

  286. 							<font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Yuan </strong></font><strong>元</strong><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong> 1271 - 1368 AD</strong></font></div>
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  302. 						<div align="center">
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  322. 			</table>
    323. 

  323. 		</div>
    324. 

  324. 		<center>
    325. 

  325. 			<br>
    326. 

  326. 			<br>
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  328. 			<br>
    329. 

  329. 			<div align="center">
    330. 

  330. 				<br>
    331. 

  331. 				<hr>
    332. 

  332. 			</div>
    333. 

  333. 			<p align="left"><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">http://hua.umf.maine.edu/China/beijing2.html<br>
    334. 

  334. 					Last update: July 2009<br>
    335. 

  335. 					© Marilyn Shea, 2009 </font></p>
    336. 

  336. 

  337. 			<hr>
    338. 

  338. 			<br>
    339. 

  339. 			<p><br>
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  340. 			</p>
    341. 

  341. 		</center>
    342. 

  342. 	</body>
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  343. 

  344. </html>
    345.