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124_WhiteCloudTemple.html

124_WhiteCloudTemple.html 8.3 KB
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  5. 		<META Name= "description" Content = "History and pictures of Baiyun Guan 白云观 in Beijing which was built during the Tang Dynasty.  It is a Daoist Temple (Taoist) and monestery. It is an active education center for Daoist monks.  ">
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  21. 		<TITLE>Baiyun Guan White Cloud Temple 北京白云观 Beijing</TITLE>
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  67. 					<td bgcolor="black"><A href="125_WhiteCloudTemple.html"><IMG src="../images/BaiyunGuan_7305ws.jpg" height="499" width="800" border=0 alt="Baiyun Guan 白云观 wall medallion"></a></td>
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  73. 			<h1><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Baiyun Guan </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">白云观</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><br>
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  74. 					White Cloud Temple<br>
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  81. 							<td><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">When Baiyun Guan was opened in 741 it was called </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">天长观</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Tianchang Temple (Tiāncháng Guān), &quot;Heavenly Long Temple&quot;. The Tang Dynasty was then in power. When the Tang Dynasty fell apart, the Liao Dynasty (918-1120) was established by the Khitan people of the north who ruled much of Mongolia and what is northern China today. They established several capitals, and Nanjing or the southern capital was built at what is Beijing today. The Tianchang Temple was included in the city proper.</font>
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  82. 								<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The Jurchen people from the western reaches of Mongolia and central Manchuria pushed the Khitans to the west to establish yet another kingdom.  They also adopted a form of dynastic government and called their dynasty Jin  (</font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">金代</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">, Jīn Dài, 1115–1234).  What had been the southern capital of the Liao became the central capital, Zhongdu, for the Jin.  Their southern capital was at Kaifeng.  During the Jin Dynasty</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">, it was renamed the Tai Ji Temple 太极宫 (Tàijí Gōng), &quot;SupremeTemple&quot;.  </font></p>
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  83. 								<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">In 1211 Genghis Khan invaded Jin territory and by 1214 the Jin Emperor had fled to his southern capital of Kaifeng.  Genghis Khan then annexed the Jin territory to his own empire and controlled Zhongdu (Beijing).  </font></p>
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  84. 								<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Genghis Khan, having heard of Quanzhen Daoism, sent for Qiu Changchun </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">邱长春</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> (Qiū Chángchūn). After he met with Qiu Changchun, the Khan asked him to lead what was then called Tai Ji Temple, so it was renamed Chang Chun Temple. </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">长春观</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> (Chángchūn Guān). When Qiu Changchun died and became an Immortal, his followers built Chu Shun Hall </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">处顺堂</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> (Chùshùn Táng) in his honor.  Kublai Khan subsequently finished the task of conquering the southern portion of China and established the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368).  Kublai Khan established his capital at Zhongdu (Beijing) and changed its name to Dadu.  The city he built was several kilometers north and east of the old center.</font></p>
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  85. 								<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Chu Shun Hall </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">处顺堂</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> (Chùshùn Táng) was the only hall to survive the fire that destroyed the temple at the end of the Yuan Dynasty (1368) when the Ming forces invaded Dadu.  The Temple was rebuilt around the hall and was renamed &quot;White Cloud Temple&quot; Baiyun Guan </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">白云观 </font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">under the Ming Dynasty. And, of course, Dadu was renamed Beiping, and then Beijing when, in 1407,  the Yongle Emperor decided to move the capital from Nanjing. Construction on the new city was completed in 1420.</font></p>
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  86. 								<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Relief sculpture medallions of flowers decorate the two side wings of the Mountain Gate, the main gate into Baiyun Guan which was built in 1443. Both medallions are versions of the tree of life symbol.  The gate is shown on the next page.</font></p>
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