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		<META Name= "description" Content = "The City Wall of Beijing provided fortifications to protect the Forbideen City and the seat of government.  Old pictures take you on a tour to the major gates that were used both as defense and as portals of welcome.">
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		<TITLE>Beijing City Wall - Chongwenmen 崇文门</TITLE>
		

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			<h1><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Chongwenmen<br>
				</font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">崇文门</font></h1>
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									<font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">八国联军击毁崇文门後情景。<br>
										Small stalls hugged the walls of the city.  Here they flank the entrance at Chongwenmen.</font>
									<p align="left"><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">In the Yuan Dynasty this gate was called Wenmingmen, 文明门.  The Yuan name was drawn from the <i>I Ching</i> or <i>Book of Changes</i>.  This gate was further fortified in the first years of the reign of Emperor Zhengtong (1435-) when the defensive enclosure and arrow tower were added to the gate.  It was then that the name was changed.  Over the years it was also called Shuimen, 税门, or Tax Gate since the headquarters of the Capital Tax Bureau were located outside the gate. -- Relics Park.</font></p>
									<p align="left"><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">This picture was taken after the Boxer Rebellion. The gates on the east side of Beijing suffered the most damage since the Eight Allied Powers traveled from Tianjin in the east to Beijing. Their destination was the besieged legation quarter near Chongwenmen.</font></p>
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