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  40. <h1><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Zongzi </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">粽子</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><br>
  41. Qu Yuan </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">屈原</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> <br>
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  48. <p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The mood of most of Qu Yuan's poems was one of sorrow and regret. In <em>The Lament</em> he tells his own story. Born to an aristocratic family and taught to honor the great kings of the past, he always tried to live a pure life. He describes the jealousy and greed of the court, the politics and dishonesty of the nobles, and his disappointment in the king.</font></p>
  49. <p align="center"><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><em>The Lament</em> (<em>Li Sao</em> </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">離騷</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Lí Sāo)</font></p>
  50. <blockquote><blockquote><p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">A prince am I of ancestry renowned,<br>
  51. Illustrious name my royal sire hath found.<br>
  52. When Sirius did in spring its light display,<br>
  53. A child was born, and Tiger marked the day.<br>
  54. When first upon my face my lord's eye glanced,<br>
  55. For me auspicious names he straight advanced,<br>
  56. Denoting that in me Heaven's marks divine<br>
  57. Should with the virtues of the earth combine.<br>
  58. With lavished innate qualities indued,<br>
  59. By art and skill my talents I renewed;<br>
  60. Angelic herbs and sweet selineas too,<br>
  61. And orchids late that by the water grew,<br>
  62. I wove for ornament; till creeping Time,<br>
  63. Like water flowing, stole away my prime.<br>
  64. Magnolias of the glade I plucked at dawn,<br>
  65. At eve beside the stream took winter-thorn.<br>
  66. Without delay the sun and moon sped fast,<br>
  67. In swift succession spring and autumn passed;<br>
  68. The fallen flowers lay scattered on the ground,<br>
  69. The dusk might fall before my dream was found.</font></p>
  70. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Had I not loved my prime and spurned the vile,<br>
  71. Why should I not have changed my former style?<br>
  72. My chariot drawn by steeds of race divine<br>
  73. I urged; to guide the king my sole design.</font></p>
  74. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Three ancient kings there were so pure and true<br>
  75. That round them every fragrant flower grew;<br>
  76. Cassia and pepper of the mountain-side<br>
  77. With melilotus white in clusters vied.<br>
  78. Two monarchs then, who high renown received,<br>
  79. Followed the kingly way, their goal achieved.<br>
  80. Two princes proud by lust their reign abused,<br>
  81. Sought easier path, and their own steps confused.<br>
  82. The faction for illict pleasure longed;<br>
  83. Dreadful their way where hidden perils thronged.<br>
  84. Danger against myself could not appal,<br>
  85. But feared I lest my sovereign's sceptre fall.</font></p>
  86. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Forward and back I hastened in my quest,<br>
  87. Followed the former kings, and took no rest.<br>
  88. The prince my true integrity defamed,<br>
  89. Gave ear to slander, high his anger flamed;<br>
  90. Integrity I knew could not avail,<br>
  91. Yet still endured; my lord I would not fail.<br>
  92. Celestial spheres my witness be on high,<br>
  93. I strove but for his sacred majesty.<br>
  94. Twas first to me he gave his plighted word,<br>
  95. But soon repenting other counsel heard.<br>
  96. For me departure could arouse no pain;<br>
  97. I grieved to see his royal purpose vain.</font></p>
  98. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Nine fields of orchids at one time I grew,<br>
  99. For melilot a hundred acres too,<br>
  100. And fifty acres for the azalea bright,<br>
  101. The rumex fragrant and the lichen white.<br>
  102. I longed to see them yielding blossoms rare,<br>
  103. And thought in season due the spoil to share.<br>
  104. I did not grieve to see them die away,<br>
  105. But grieved because midst weeds they did decay.</font></p>
  106. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Insatiable in lust and greediness<br>
  107. The faction strove, and tired not of excess;<br>
  108. Themselves condoning, others they'd decry,<br>
  109. And steep their hearts in envious jealousy.</font></p>
  110. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Insatiably they seized what they desired,<br>
  111. It was not that to which my heart aspired.<br>
  112. As old age unrelenting hurried near,<br>
  113. Lest my fair name should fail was all my fear.<br>
  114. Dew from magnolia leaves I drank at dawn,<br>
  115. At eve for food were aster petals borne;<br>
  116. And loving thus the simple and the fair,<br>
  117. How should I for my sallow features care?<br>
  118. With gathered vines I strung valeria white,<br>
  119. And mixed with blue wistaria petals bright,<br>
  120. And melilotus matched with cassia sweet,<br>
  121. With ivy green and tendrils long to meet.<br>
  122. Life I adapted to the ancient way,<br>
  123. Leaving the manners of the present day;<br>
  124. Thus unconforming to the modern age,<br>
  125. The path I followed of a bygone sage.</font></p>
  126. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Long did I sigh and wipe away my tears,<br>
  127. To see my people bowed by griefs and fears.<br>
  128. Though I my gifts enhanced and curbed my pride,<br>
  129. At morn they'd mock me, would at eve deride;<br>
  130. First cursed that I angelica should wear,<br>
  131. Then cursed me for my melilotus fair.<br>
  132. But since my heart did love such purity,<br>
  133. I'd not regret a thousand deaths to die.</font></p>
  134. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">I marvel at the folly of the king,<br>
  135. So heedless of his people's suffering.<br>
  136. They envied me my mothlike eyebrows fine,<br>
  137. And so my name his damsels did malign.<br>
  138. Truly to craft alone their praise they paid,<br>
  139. The square in measuring they disobeyed;<br>
  140. The use of common rules they held debased;<br>
  141. With confidence their crooked lines they traced.</font></p>
  142. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">In sadness plunged and sunk in deepest gloom,<br>
  143. Alone I drove on to my dreary doom.<br>
  144. In exile rather would I meet my end,<br>
  145. Than to the baseness of their ways descend.<br>
  146. Remote the eagle spurns the common range,<br>
  147. Nor deigns since time began its way to change;<br>
  148. A circle fits not with a square design;<br>
  149. Their different ways could not be merged with mine.<br>
  150. Yet still my heart I checked and curbed my pride,<br>
  151. Their blame endured and their reproach beside.<br>
  152. To die for righteousness alone I sought,<br>
  153. For this was what the ancient sages taught.</font></p>
  154. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">I failed my former errors to discern;<br>
  155. I tarried long, but now I would return.<br>
  156. My steeds I wheeled back to their former way,<br>
  157. Lest all too long down the wrong path I stray.<br>
  158. On orchid-covered bank I loosed my steed,<br>
  159. And let him gallop by the flow'ry mead<br>
  160. At will. Rejected now and in disgrace,<br>
  161. I would retire to cultivate my grace.<br>
  162. With cress leaves green my simple gown I made,<br>
  163. With lilies white my rustic garb did braid.<br>
  164. Why should I grieve to go unrecognised,<br>
  165. Since in my heart fragrance was truly prized?<br>
  166. My headdress then high-pinnacled I raised,<br>
  167. Lengthened my pendents, where bright jewels blazed.<br>
  168. Others may smirch their fragrance and bright hues,<br>
  169. My innocence is proof against abuse.<br>
  170. Oft I looked back, gazed to the distance still,<br>
  171. Longed in the wilderness to roam at will.<br>
  172. Splendid my ornaments together vied,<br>
  173. With all the fragrance of the flowers beside;<br>
  174. All men had pleasures in their various ways,<br>
  175. My pleasure was to cultivate my grace.<br>
  176. I would not change, though they my body rend;<br>
  177. How could my heart be wrested from its end?</font></p>
  178. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">My handmaid fair, with countenance demure,<br>
  179. Entreated me allegiance to abjure:<br>
  180. &quot;A hero perished in the plain ill-starred,<br>
  181. Where pigmies stayed their plumage to discard.<br>
  182. Why lovest thou thy grace and purity,<br>
  183. Alone dost hold thy splendid virtue high?<br>
  184. Lentils and weeds the prince's chamber fill:<br>
  185. Why holdest thou aloof with stubborn will?<br>
  186. Thou canst not one by one the crowd persuade,<br>
  187. And who the purpose of our heart hath weighed?<br>
  188. Faction and strife the world hath ever loved;<br>
  189. Heeding me not, why standest thou removed?&quot;</font></p>
  190. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">I sought th'ancestral voice to ease my woe.<br>
  191. Alas, how one so proud could sink so low!<br>
  192. To barbarous south I went across the stream;<br>
  193. Before the ancient I began my theme:<br>
  194. &quot;With odes divine there came a monarch's son,<br>
  195. Whose revels unrestrained were never done;<br>
  196. In antics wild, to coming perils blind,<br>
  197. He fought his brother, and his sway declined.<br>
  198. The royal archer, in his wanton chase<br>
  199. For foxes huge, his kingdom did disgrace.<br>
  200. Such wantonness predicts no happy end;<br>
  201. His queen was stolen by his loyal friend.<br>
  202. The traitor's son, clad in prodigious might,<br>
  203. In incest sinned and cared not what was right.<br>
  204. He revelled all his days, forgetting all;<br>
  205. His head at last in treachery did fall.<br>
  206. And then the prince, who counsels disobeyed,<br>
  207. Did court disaster, and his kingdom fade.<br>
  208. A prince his sage in burning cauldrons tossed;<br>
  209. His glorious dynasty ere long was lost.</font></p>
  210. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">&quot;But stern and pious was their ancient sire,<br>
  211. And his successor too did faith inspire;<br>
  212. Exalted were the wise, the able used,<br>
  213. The rule was kept and never was abused.<br>
  214. The august heaven, with unbiassed grace,<br>
  215. All men discerns, and helps the virtuous race;<br>
  216. Sagacious princes through their virtuous deed<br>
  217. The earth inherit, and their reigns succeed.<br>
  218. The past I probed, the future so to scan,<br>
  219. And found these rules that guide the life of man:<br>
  220. A man unjust in deed who would engage?<br>
  221. Whom should men take as guide except the sage?<br>
  222. In mortal dangers death I have defied,<br>
  223. Yet could look back, and cast regret aside.<br>
  224. Who strove, their tool's defects accounting nought,<br>
  225. Like ancient sages were to cauldrons brought.&quot;<br>
  226. Thus I despaired, my face with sad tears marred,<br>
  227. Mourning with bitterness my years ill-starred;<br>
  228. And melilotus leaves I took to stem<br>
  229. The tears that streamed down to my garment's hem.<br>
  230. Soiling my gown, to plead my case I kneeled;<br>
  231. Th'ancestral voice the path to me revealed.</font></p>
  232. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Swift jade-green dragons, birds with plumage gold,<br>
  233. I harnessed to the whirlwind, and behold,<br>
  234. At daybreak from the land of plane-trees grey,<br>
  235. I came to paradise ere close of day.<br>
  236. I wished within the sacred brove to rest,<br>
  237. But now the sun was sinking in the west;<br>
  238. The driver of the sun I bade to stay,<br>
  239. Ere with the setting rays we haste away.<br>
  240. The way was long, and wrapped in gloom did seem,<br>
  241. As I urged on to seek my vanished dream.</font></p>
  242. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The dragons quenched their thirst beside the lake<br>
  243. Where bathed the sun, whilst I upon the brake<br>
  244. Fastened my reins; a golden bough I sought<br>
  245. To brush the sun, and tarred there in sport.<br>
  246. The pale moon's charioteer I then bade lead,<br>
  247. The master of the winds swiftly succeed;<br>
  248. Before, the royal blue bird cleared the way;<br>
  249. The lord of thunder urged me to delay.<br>
  250. I bade the phoenix scan the heaven wide;<br>
  251. But vainly day and night its course it tried;<br>
  252. The gathering whirlwinds drove it from my sight,<br>
  253. Rushing with lowering clouds to check my flight;<br>
  254. Sifting and merging in the firmament,<br>
  255. Above, below, in various hues they went.</font></p>
  256. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The gate-keeper of heaven I bade give place,<br>
  257. But leaning on his door he scanned my face;<br>
  258. The day grew dark, and now was nearly spent;<br>
  259. Idly my orchids into wreaths I bent.<br>
  260. The virtuous and the vile in darkness merged;<br>
  261. They veiled my virtue, by their envy urged.<br>
  262. At dawn the waters white I left behind;<br>
  263. My steed stayed by the portals of the wind;<br>
  264. Yet, gazing back, a bitter grief I felt<br>
  265. That in the lofty crag no damsel dwelt.</font></p>
  266. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">I wandered eastward to the palace green,<br>
  267. And pendents sought where jasper boughs were seen,<br>
  268. And vowed that they, before their splendour fade,<br>
  269. As gift should go to grace the loveliest maid.<br>
  270. The lord of clouds I then bade mount the sky<br>
  271. To seek the steam where once the nymph did lie;<br>
  272. As pledge I gave my belt of splendid sheen,<br>
  273. My councillor appointed go-between.<br>
  274. Fleeting and wilful like capricious cloud,<br>
  275. Her obstinacy swift no change allowed.<br>
  276. At dusk retired she to the crag withdrawn,<br>
  277. Her hair beside the stream she washed at dawn.<br>
  278. Exulting in her beauty and her pride,<br>
  279. Pleasure she worshipped, and no whim denied;<br>
  280. So fair of form, so careless of all grace,<br>
  281. I turned to take another in her place.</font></p>
  282. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">To earth's extremities I sought my bride,<br>
  283. And urged my train through all the heaven wide.<br>
  284. Upon a lofty crag of jasper green<br>
  285. The beauteous princess of the west was seen.<br>
  286. The falcon then I bade entreat the maid,<br>
  287. But he, demurring, would my course dissuade;<br>
  288. The turtle-dove cooed soft and off did fly,<br>
  289. But I mistrusted his frivolity.<br>
  290. Like whelp in doubt, like timid fox in fear,<br>
  291. I wished to go, but wandered ever near.<br>
  292. With nuptial gifts the phoenix swiftly went;<br>
  293. I feared the prince had won her ere I sent.<br>
  294. I longed to travel far, yet with no bourn,<br>
  295. I could but wander aimless and forlorn.<br>
  296. Before the young king was in marriage bound,<br>
  297. The royal sisters twain might still be found;<br>
  298. My suit was unauspicious at the best;<br>
  299. I knew I had small hope in my request.</font></p>
  300. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The world is dark, and envious of my grace;<br>
  301. They veil my virture and the evil praise.<br>
  302. Thy chamber dark lies in recesses deep,<br>
  303. Sagacious prince, risest thou not from sleep?<br>
  304. My zeal unknown the prince would not descry;<br>
  305. How could I bear this harsh eternity?</font></p>
  306. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">With mistletoe and herbs of magic worth,<br>
  307. I urged the witch the future to show forth.<br>
  308. &quot;If two attain perfection they must meet,<br>
  309. But who is there that would thy virtue greet?<br>
  310. Far the nine continents their realm display;<br>
  311. Why here to seek thy bride doth thou delay?<br>
  312. Away!&quot; she cried, &quot;set craven doubt aside,<br>
  313. If beauty's sought, there's none hath with thee vied.<br>
  314. What place is there where orchids flower not fair?<br>
  315. Why is thy native land thy single care?</font></p>
  316. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">&quot;Now darkly lies the world in twilight's glow,<br>
  317. Who doth your defects and your virtue know?<br>
  318. Evil and good herein are reconciled;<br>
  319. The crowd alone hath nought but is defiled.<br>
  320. With stinking mugwort girt upon their waist,<br>
  321. They curse the others for their orchids chaste;<br>
  322. Ignorant thus in choice of fragrance rare,<br>
  323. Rich ornaments how could they fitly wear?<br>
  324. With mud and filth they fill their pendent bag;<br>
  325. Cursing the pepper sweet, they brawl and brag.&quot;<br>
  326. Although the witches counsel I held good,<br>
  327. In foxlike indecision still I stood.<br>
  328. At night the wizard great made his descent,<br>
  329. And meeting him spiced rice I did present.<br>
  330. The angels came, shading with wings the sky;<br>
  331. From mountains wild the deities drew nigh.<br>
  332. With regal splendour shone the solemn sight,<br>
  333. And thus the wizard spake with omens bright:</font></p>
  334. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">&quot;Take office high or low as days afford,<br>
  335. If one there be that could with thee accord;<br>
  336. Like ancient kings austere who sought their mate,<br>
  337. Finding the one who should fulfill their fate.<br>
  338. Now if thy heart doth cherish grace within,<br>
  339. What need is there to choose a go-between?<br>
  340. A convict toiled on rocks to expiate<br>
  341. His crime; his sovereign gave him great estate.<br>
  342. A butcher with his knife made roundelay;<br>
  343. His king chanced there and happy proved the day.<br>
  344. A prince who heard a cowherd chanting late<br>
  345. Raised him to be a councillor of state.<br>
  346. Before old age o'ertake thee on thy way,<br>
  347. Life still is young; to profit turn thy day.<br>
  348. Spring is but brief, when cuckoos start to sing,<br>
  349. And flowers will fade that once did spread and spring.&quot;</font></p>
  350. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">On high my jasper pendent proudly gleamed,<br>
  351. Hid by the crowd with leaves that thickly teemed;<br>
  352. Untiring they relentless means employed;<br>
  353. I feared it would through envy be destroyed.<br>
  354. This gaudy age so fickle proved its will,<br>
  355. That to what purpose did I linger still?<br>
  356. E'en orchids changed, their fragrance quickly lost,<br>
  357. And midst the weeds angelicas were tossed.<br>
  358. How could these herbs, so fair in former day,<br>
  359. Their hue have changed, and turned to mugworts grey?<br>
  360. The reason for their fall, not far to seek,<br>
  361. Was that to tend their grace their will proved weak.</font></p>
  362. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">I thought upon the orchids I might lean;<br>
  363. No flowers appeared, but long bare leaves were seen;<br>
  364. Their grace abandoned, vulgar taste to please,<br>
  365. Content with lesser flowers to dwell at ease.<br>
  366. To boasts and flattery the pepper turned;<br>
  367. To fill the pendent bag the dogwood yearned;<br>
  368. Thus only upon higher stations bent,<br>
  369. How could they long retain their former scent?<br>
  370. Since they pursued the fashion of the time,<br>
  371. Small wonder they decayed e'en in their prime.<br>
  372. Viewing the orchids' and the peppers' plight<br>
  373. Why blame the rumex and selinea white?</font></p>
  374. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">My jasper pendent rare I was beguiled<br>
  375. To leave, and to this depth then sank defiled.<br>
  376. It blossomed still and never ceased to grow;<br>
  377. Like water did its lovely fragrance flow:<br>
  378. Pleasure I took to wear this bough in sport,<br>
  379. As roaming wild the damsel fair I sought.<br>
  380. Thus in my prime, with ornaments bedecked,<br>
  381. I roved the earth and heaven to inspect.</font></p>
  382. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">With omens bright the seer revealed the way,<br>
  383. I then appointed an auspicious day.<br>
  384. As victuals rare some jasper twigs I bore,<br>
  385. And some prepared, provision rich to store;<br>
  386. Then winged horses to my chariot brought<br>
  387. My carriage bright with jade and ivory wrought.</font></p>
  388. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">How might tow hearts at variance accord?<br>
  389. I roamed till peace be to my mind restored.<br>
  390. The pillar of the earth I stayed beside;<br>
  391. The way was long, and winding far and wide.<br>
  392. In twilight glowed the clouds with wondrous sheen,<br>
  393. And chirping flew the birds of jasper green.<br>
  394. I went at dawn high heaven's ford to leave;<br>
  395. To earth's extremity I came at eve.<br>
  396. On phoenix wings the dragon pennons lay;<br>
  397. With plumage bright they flew to lead the way.<br>
  398. I crossed the quicksand with its treach'rous flood,<br>
  399. Beside the burning river, red as blood;<br>
  400. To bridge the stream my dragons huge I bade,<br>
  401. Invoked the emperor of the west to aid.</font></p>
  402. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The way was long, precipitous in view;<br>
  403. I bade my train a different path pursue.<br>
  404. There where the heaven fell we turned a space,<br>
  405. And marked the western sea as meeting-place.<br>
  406. A thousand chariots gathred in my train,<br>
  407. With axles full abreast we drove amain;<br>
  408. Eight horses drew the carriages behind;<br>
  409. The pennons shook like serpents in the wind.<br>
  410. I lowered flags, and from my whip refrained;<br>
  411. My train of towering chariots I restrained.<br>
  412. I sang the odes. I trod a sacred dance,<br>
  413. In revels wild my last hour to enhance.<br>
  414. Ascending where celestial heaven blazed,<br>
  415. On native earth for the last time we gazed;<br>
  416. My slaves were sad, my steeds all neighed in grief,<br>
  417. And gazing back, the earth they would not leave.</font></p>
  418. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Epilogue<br>
  419. Since in that kingdom all my virtue spurn,<br>
  420. Why should I for the royal city yearn?<br>
  421. Wide though the world, no wisdom can be found.<br>
  422. I'll seek the stream where once the sage was drowned</font>.
  423. <p align="right"><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">translated by Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang</font></p>
  424. </blockquote></blockquote>
  425. </td>
  426. </tr>
  427. </table>
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