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  21. 		<TITLE>Xuanzang Xi'an Big Wild Goose Pagoda玄奘 大雁塔</TITLE>
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  74. 			<h1><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Big Wild Goose Pagoda<br>
    75. 

  75. 				</font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">大雁塔<br>
    76. 

  76. 				</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Xuanzang<br>
    77. 

  77. 				</font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">玄奘</font></h1>
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  78. 			<div align="center">
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  79. 				<div align="center">
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    83. 

  83. 								<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">After 17 long years away, Xuanzang was ready to return. He chose to return by the southern route in order to visit more places. On his way back he broke his journey and sent a messenger on ahead with a letter for the Emperor. He wasn’t sure how he would be received. A letter was sent back to him assuring him of welcome and in 645 AD he was greeted by a grand procession as he neared Chang’an.  The Taizong Emperor sent a military escort, court officials and ministers, chariots, the monks of the city, and much of the populace. </font></p>
    84. 

  84. 								<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Xuanzang had brought with him:</font></p>
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  85. 								<blockquote>
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  86. 									<font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">1. Five hundred grains of relics belonging to the body (flesh) of Tathâgata.</font>
    87. 

  87. 									<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">2. A golden statue of Buddha on a transparent pedestal.</font></p>
    88. 

  88. 									<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">3. A statue of Buddha carved out of sandal-wood on a transparent pedestal. This figure is a copy of the statue which Udâyana, king of Kauśâmbî, -had made.</font></p>
    89. 

  89. 									<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">4. A similar statue of sandal-wood, copy of the figure made after Buddha descended from the Trayastrimśas heaven.</font></p>
    90. 

  90. 									<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">5. A silver statue of Buddha on a transparent pedestal.</font></p>
    91. 

  91. 									<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">6. A golden statue of Buddha on a transparent pedestal.</font></p>
    92. 

  92. 									<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">7. A sandal-wood figure of Buddha on a transparent pedestal.</font></p>
    93. 

  93. 									<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">8. One hundred and twenty-four works (sûtras) of the Great Vehicle.</font></p>
    94. 

  94. 									<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">9. Other works, amounting in the whole to 520 fasciculi, carried by twenty-two horses.</font></p>
    95. 

  95. 									<blockquote>
    96. 

  96. 										<blockquote>
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  97. 											<blockquote>
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  98. 												<blockquote>
    99. 

  99. 													<blockquote>
    100. 

  100. 														<font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">from Samuel Beal, 1906</font></blockquote>
    101. 

  101. 												</blockquote>
    102. 

  102. 											</blockquote>
    103. 

  103. 										</blockquote>
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  104. 									</blockquote>
    105. 

  105. 								</blockquote>
    106. 

  106. 								<font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The Taizong Emperor greeted him as a hero and offered him a place at court. Xuanzang gracefully declined, wishing only to spend his life translating and studying the sutras. </font>
    107. 

  107. 								<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">In 646, at the request of Emperor Taizong, Xuanzang wrote a description of his travels called the <em>Great Tang Records on the Western Regions</em> (</font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">大唐西域</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> ). The book was an important resource for the Tang Emperor. Understanding the lands to the West and their customs was necessary for good diplomacy. As a byproduct of his journey, several of the kings had sent emissaries to the Tang Court to establish a relationship with China. They bore the news of Xuanzang’s work and the effect he had on people long before he contemplated a return to his homeland. He made many friends for China and the Tang Court. Coupled with the biography of Xuanzang, <em>The life of Hiuen-Tsiang</em> (</font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">玄奘传</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">), written by his disciple Huili </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">慧立</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">(Huìlì) and Xuanzang's own account of the sights on the journey, we have a very good picture of both Xuanzang and the culture of the time. </font></p>
    108. 

  108. 								<p></p>
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  109. 								<p></p>
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  110. 								<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">He retired to the Temple of Great Kindness and Grace, Da Ci'en Temple </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">大慈恩寺</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> (Dà Cí 'ēn sì ) which the Crown Prince Li Zhi had rebuilt in 648 and dedicated to the memory of his mother. This was just a year before his father died and he became Emperor Gaozong, the third Tang emperor.</font></p>
    111. 

  111. 								<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">To celebrate the installation of Xuanzang as the abbot of the Da Ci'en Temple, another celebration was held with the populace lining the streets to watch a grand procession of chariots festooned with silk, soldiers in their ceremonial uniforms, and the ministers and nobles of the court walking with him to the temple. The emperor brought his entire family to the gate of Xi’an and the procession passed by in review. </font></p>
    112. 

  112. 								<p></p>
    113. 

  113. 								<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">In 652 AD, after Xuanzang had been abbot of Da Ci'en Temple for a time, he requested that the Gaozong Emperor build a pagoda to house the manuscripts and give more work space for the translations. The emperor agreed immediately and Xuanzang was so involved that he helped design the pagoda and took part in the labor of building it. It was finished that same year. Xuanzang named the temple after a story he had heard in India.</font></p>
    114. 

  114. 								<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">It seems that there were two temples situated quite close to one another from different sects of Buddhism; one was vegetarian and the other ate meat at their feasts and celebrations. One year there had been a great drought and there was very little food, especially there was no meat. The monks in the one temple lamented this fact and prayed that they would be able to find some meat to eat at a great temple religious feast. The day before the feast, some monks were outside and a flock wild geese flew overhead. Suddenly, the lead goose fell out of the sky and lay dead at their feet. They took this as a sign from Buddha and stopped wishing for the death of living creatures and became vegetarians.</font></p>
    115. 

  115. 								<p><br>
    116. 

  116. 									<br>
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  117. 									<br>
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  118. 								</p>
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  119. 								<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Resources for further study:</font></p>
    120. 

  120. 								<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Huili. <em>The Life of Hiuen-Tsiang</em>. Introduction containing an account of the works of I-Tsing and translation by Samuel Beal; with a preface by L. Cranmer-Byng. New Delhi : Asian Educational Services, 1998.</font></p>
    121. 

  121. 								<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Huili. <em>The Life of Hiuen-Tsiang</em>. Introduction containing an account of the works of I-Tsing and translation by Samuel Beal; with a preface by L. Cranmer-Byng. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner, 1911. </font></p>
    122. 

  122. 								<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Huili 慧立. <em>Xuanzang zhuan</em> 玄奘传 Yancong zhu. 彥悰著.<br>
    123. 

  123. 										Di 1 ban. 第1版. Beijing : Zhongguo she hui ke xue chu ban she, 2003.<br>
    124. 

  124. 										北京 : 中囯社会科学出版社, 2003. </font></p>
    125. 

  125. 								<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Hsüan-tsang, Si-yu-ki. <em>Buddhist Records of the Western World</em>. Translated from the Chinese of Hiuen Tsiang (A.D. 629) by Samuel Beal. New York, Paragon Book Reprint Corp., 1968.</font></p>
    126. 

  126. 								<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Hsüan-tsang, Si-yu-ki: <em>Buddhist Records of the Western World</em>.<br>
    127. 

  127. 										<a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=HARVARDFL1C7L&printsec=titlepage#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">By Xuanzang: translated from the Chinese of Hiuen Tsiang (A.D. 629) by Samuel Beal. 2 Vol. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner &amp; Co. Ltd. 1906.<br>
    128. 

  128. 										</a></font></p>
    129. 

  129. 								<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Wriggins, Sally Hovey.  <em>Xuanzang on the Silk Road</em>.  <a href="http://www.mongolianculture.com/indomongolian.htm" target="_blank">On-line resource.</a></font></p>
    130. 

  130. 								<p><br>
    131. 

  131. 									<br>
    132. 

  132. 								</p>
    133. 

  133. 								<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Note:  <em>Buddhist Records of the Western World</em> by Samuel Beal contains the accounts of three different journeys by monks from 400 AD.  The 1906 version is on-line and is downloadable.  </font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Sally Wiggins rewrote Beal into modern English with excellent notes as to place names and related history.  I wish I had seen her work before reading Beal.</font></p>
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