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- <TITLE>Gnomon - 圭表 - Chinese Astronomy - 中国天文学</TITLE>
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- <h1><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Gnomon - </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">圭表</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><br>
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- <td align="left" valign="top"><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><img src="../tianimage/Guo_Shoujing6603ws.jpg" title="Guo Shoujing" height="300" width="199" align="left" border="0" hspace="5"> This gnomon (guībiǎo 圭表) was based on a model made in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) of the gnomon developed by Guo Shoujing in the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368). Guo Shoujing changed the gnomon from a simple stick that measured the length of the shadow cast by the sun into a more precise instrument by adding a scale to the base and placing a crossbar across the top with which to measure the exact position of the shadow. </font>
- <p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Notice the leveling trough that could assure a level surface, align the gnomon, and provide a perfectly smooth surface for measurement, at least on a calm day. Below you will find a detail of the scale used for measurement. It is in 尺 chǐ, one-third of a meter, or approximately a foot. </font></p>
- <p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The original is now in the Purple Mountain Observatory in Nanjing where it was moved for safety when the Japanese invaded in the 1930s. The present copy at the Beijing Ancient Observatory (古观象台) was made in 1983. </font></p>
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- <font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The "front" of the gnomon is above and the "back" is shown below. </font></div>
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- <td><a href="0023square_table6448w.html"><img src="../tianimage/MingGnomon5421w.jpg" title="Scale on Ming Gnomon" width="800" height="600" border="0"></a></td>
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- <font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The measure shown is seven chi or feet -- qīchǐ 七尺. </font></div>
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- <td><a href="0023square_table6448w.html"><img src="../tianimage/MingGnomon6702w.jpg" title="Chart of function of gnomon" width="538" height="600" border="0"></a></td>
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- <td><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The graph above shows the height of the sun at the winter (lower position) and summer (higher position) solstice and the measurements to be made. Below you see the gnomon with the sundial and two new instruments added to the Observatory in 2005. The low curved marble object is used to measure the equinox date. Behind the gnomon is a solarium dating to 1790.</font></td>
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