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<center><a href="#Algisimeter:" onMouseOver="eval('imgalgi.src=alg2.src')" onMouseOut="eval('imgalgi.src=alg1.src')"><img SRC="alg1.jpg" NAME="imgalgi" BORDER=0 height=30 width=150></a>
<p><a href="#Color Illusion:" onMouseOver="eval('imgcolor.src=color2.src')" onMouseOut="eval('imgcolor.src=color1.src')"><img SRC="color1.jpg" NAME="imgcolor" BORDER=0 height=30 width=150></a>
<p><a href="#Ear Muffs and Plugs:" onMouseOver="eval('imgear.src=ear2.src')" onMouseOut="eval('imgear.src=ear1.src')"><img SRC="ear1.jpg" NAME="imgear" BORDER=0 height=30 width=156></a>
<p><a href="#Headphones:" onMouseOver="eval('imghead.src=head2.src')" onMouseOut="eval('imghead.src=head1.src')"><img SRC="head1.jpg" NAME="imghead" BORDER=0 height=30 width=150></a>
<p><a href="#Illusion" onMouseOver="eval('imgill.src=illcards2.src')" onMouseOut="eval('imgill.src=illcards1.src')"><img SRC="illcards1.jpg" NAME="imgill" BORDER=0 height=30 width=150></a>
<p><a href="#Mirror" onMouseOver="eval('imgmirrtrac.src=mirtrac2.src')" onMouseOut="eval('imgmirrtrac.src=mirtrac1.src')"><img SRC="mirrtrac1.jpg" NAME="imgmirrtrac" BORDER=0 height=30 width=150></a>
<p><a href="#Mirror Tracer - Paper Version:" onMouseOver="eval('imgmirrver.src=mirrver2.src')" onMouseOut="eval('imgmirrver.src=mirrver1.src')"><img SRC="mirrver1.jpg" NAME="imgmirrver" BORDER=0 height=60 width=150></a></center>
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<center><a href="#Picture" onMouseOver="eval('imgpic.src=pic2.src')" onMouseOut="eval('imgpic.src=pic1.src')"><img SRC="pic1.jpg" NAME="imgpic" BORDER=0 height=60 width=150></a>
<br><a href="#Star" onMouseOver="eval('imgstar.src=star2.src')" onMouseOut="eval('imgstar.src=star1.src')"><img SRC="star1.jpg" NAME="imgstar" BORDER=0 height=30 width=150></a>
<p><a href="#Steadiness" onMouseOver="eval('imgsteah.src=steah2.src')" onMouseOut="eval('imgsteah.src=steah1.src')"><img SRC="steah1.jpg" NAME="imgsteah" BORDER=0 height=60 width=150></a>
<p><a href="#Steadiness Tester -- Slot" onMouseOver="eval('imgsteas.src=steas2.src')" onMouseOut="eval('imgsteas.src=steas1.src')"><img SRC="steas1.jpg" NAME="imgsteas" BORDER=0 height=60 width=150></a>
<p><a href="#Tachistoscope" onMouseOver="eval('imgtach.src=tach2.src')" onMouseOut="eval('imgtach.src=tach1.src')"><img SRC="tach1.jpg" NAME="imgtach" BORDER=0 height=30 width=150></a>
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<br>&nbsp;
<ol>&nbsp;
<h1>
<a NAME="Algisimeter:"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Algisimeter:</font></font></font></h1>
&nbsp;
<ol><img SRC="algisim.jpg" BORDER=0 height=138 width=200 align=RIGHT><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The
algisimeter is used to map the skin's responsiveness.&nbsp; By placing
the point gently on the surface of the skin, different nerve endings are
stimulated.&nbsp; The subject is asked to rate the sensation for strength
-- giving ratings of 0, 1 or 2.</font></font></font>
<p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>To maintain
accuracy during placement, a grid stamp is available.&nbsp; You simply
ink the stamp with washable ink and press it on the area of skin to be
measured.&nbsp; To locate the grid accurately measure from a standard location
such as the middle knuckle or a vein.&nbsp; I have data sheets in my office
which makes recording the data easier.</font></font></font>
<p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>Several weights
are available for the algisimeter.&nbsp; Simply unscrew the end weight
and add or remove additional weights.</font></font></font>
<br>
<br></ol></ol>

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<br>
<ol>
<h1>
<a NAME="Color Illusion:"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Color
Illusion:</font></font></font></h1>
&nbsp;
<ol><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The color
illusion is comprised of a set of circular cards and a motor to rotate
them.
<p>This is a classic
demonstration in the sensation of color.&nbsp;&nbsp; The motor can be adusted
to rotate at different speeds to see the effect on the illusion.</font></font></font>
</ol>
</ol>
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<br>
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<ol>
<h1>
<a NAME="Ear Muffs and Plugs:"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Ear
Muffs and Plugs:</font></font></font></h1>
&nbsp;
<ol><img SRC="earprotc.jpg" height=147 width=150><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The
ear muffs and plugs will not provide absolute silence if there is a great
deal of noise in the environment.&nbsp; They are effective if the room
is already quiet.&nbsp; Students have used them in sensory deprivation
studies, attention studies, and modality studies.</font></font></font></ol><br><br>
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<h1>
<a NAME="Headphones:"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Headphones:</font></font></font></h1>
&nbsp;
<ol><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>Several pairs
of headphones are available for presenting auditory stimuli.&nbsp; They
are all surface headphones.&nbsp; Do not use earplug headphones in your
studies.</font></font></font>
<p><img SRC="headphn.jpg" height=159 width=250 align=RIGHT><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The
choice to use headphones or speakers for presenting auditory stimuli will
depend on the study.&nbsp; Headphones often increase the attention to the
stimuli and it is possible to separate the channels.&nbsp; The use of speakers
allows the subject to move freely.&nbsp; If you are using music as a variable
in your study, you may prefer to use speakers to provide background stimulation.&nbsp;
You might even wish to contrast the two methods.</font></font></font>
<br>&nbsp;</ol><br><br><br><br>
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<h1>
<a NAME="Illusion"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Illusion
Cards:</font></font></font></h1>
&nbsp;
<ol><img SRC="illcard.jpg" height=223 width=300 align=LEFT><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>There
is a rich literature regarding illusions and the variables which influence
our perceptions.&nbsp; Some illusions are developmental - children don't
see them, but adults do.&nbsp; Some illusions are based on violations of
perspective.&nbsp; Still other illusions are the result of the way in which
our brains process information.</font></font></font>
<p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The illusion
set includes the Necker Cube, the Poggendorf illusion, Horizontal-Vertical
illusion, the Old Woman - Young Girl illusion, and of course the Mueller-Lyer
Illusion.</font></font></font>
<p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>If you are
interested in doing a study with illusions, we also have computer based
illusions and there are several sites on the Internet.</font></font></font>
<br>&nbsp;
<br>&nbsp;</ol>
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<h1>
<a NAME="Mirror"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Mirror
Tracer:</font></font></font></h1>
&nbsp;
<ol><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>Have you ever
tried to read a book in a mirror?&nbsp; In the mirror tracer task the subject
has to&nbsp;<img SRC="counter.jpg" BORDER=0 height=156 width=200 align=RIGHT>trace
the pattern of a star as they look at it in a mirror.&nbsp; Some subjects
succeed easily, while other struggle to move their hand.</font></font></font>
<p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>This electronic
version of the mirror-tracer counts the number of times that the subject
goes out of the boundaries.&nbsp; Other measures which can be taken are
a) total time to complete the pattern, b) number of times paused, c) number
of reversals, d) miscellaneous verbal behavior.&nbsp; Further, you might
consider dividing the pattern into sectors to see if the behavior differs
from one area to the next.</font></font></font>
<br>&nbsp;
<br>&nbsp;</ol>
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<h1>
<a NAME="Mirror Tracer - Paper Version:"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Mirror
Tracer - Paper Version:</font></font></font></h1>
&nbsp;
<ol><img SRC="mirrrpap.jpg" BORDER=0 height=267 width=300 align=LEFT><br>
<br>
<br>
<font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>This task is the
same as the one above, but the subject traces the pattern on a piece of
paper with a pen.&nbsp; While there is no counter, the paper record can
be analyzed later to compare subjects.</font></font></font>
<p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>In both tasks,
remember to carefully position the hand of each subject in the same way.&nbsp;
If you are going to let them rest their arm against the table, have all
subjects take the same position.&nbsp; Use the same type of pen for all
subjects.&nbsp; A ball-point with low resistance works best.</font></font></font>
<br><br>
<br>
<br>

<BR></ol>
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<h1>
<a NAME="Picture"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Picture
and Word Stimuli Sets:</font></font></font></h1>
&nbsp;
<ol><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>I have five
or six sets of teaching materials designed to teach verbal and reading
skills.&nbsp; Each&nbsp;<img SRC="dollset.jpg" height=150 width=200 align=RIGHT>has
an array of large cards with pictures or words on them.&nbsp; There are
hundreds of these cards.&nbsp; Some of the sets also include dolls and
puppets.</font></font></font>
<p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>While many
of the pictures are a little old-fashioned, most of them are suitable for
use in verbal memory, recognition, and association tasks.</font></font></font>
<p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The advantage
to using such graphics is that they are all drawn with the same style and
complexity.&nbsp; Thus, subjects are not given additional cues to memory
by the change of graphic style, size, and color palette.&nbsp; The words
are also printed in a standard size and font.</font></font></font>
<p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>If you are
only doing a word list, there are better materials available in the computer
programs section.&nbsp; If you are using the computer to present your materials,
graphics can be scanned to make small *.bmp files.&nbsp; You might also
look at collections of clip-art on the Internet, in WordPerfect and at
the Media Center.</font></font></font>
<br>&nbsp;</ol>
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<h1>
<a NAME="Star"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Star
Tracer:</font></font></font></h1>
&nbsp;
<ol><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The star tracer
looks similar to the mirror tracer, but it measures different skills.&nbsp;
The subject grasps the handles and uses the arms to control the pointer
from a distance.&nbsp; People with good eye-hand coordination or people
who are able to adjust their large motor responses might excel at this
task.&nbsp; It could be interesting to see if those who describe themselves
as good at sports vs. clumsy have accurate self-attributions.</font></font></font><img SRC="startr.jpg" height=113 width=248 align=RIGHT>
<p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The task was
developed for industrial psychologists to test the ability to operate machines
and equipment.&nbsp; There is a fairly large literature on such measures,
although much of it will be found before 1980.</font></font></font>
<p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The star tracer
can be attached to the counter which will automatically record the number
of times the subject goes out of the lines.&nbsp; The counter can also
beep to tell the subject that they have made an error.</font></font></font>
<br>&nbsp;
<br>&nbsp;</ol>
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<h1>
<a NAME="Steadiness"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Steadiness
Tester -- Hole Type:</font></font></font></h1>

<ol>&nbsp;
<br><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The steadiness
testers might remind you of something from the Farmington Fair, that is
probably because the carnival examples were adapted from the psychology
equipment.&nbsp; Or, perhaps the psychologist saw it at a county fair and
saw different possibilities.</font></font></font>
<p><img SRC="holetype.jpg" height=150 width=200 align=LEFT><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>Just
as the Science Museum in Boston has a popular display centered on the mirror
tracer, the steadiness tester has a fascination for many people.&nbsp;
It measures both small-motor coordination and steadiness of the hand.&nbsp;
Many variables effect both, and the steadiness tester can be used as one
measure of stress, preparedness, and perhaps fitness.</font></font></font>
<p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The subject
is asked to place the stylus in each hole, starting with the largest.&nbsp;
The counter can be attached to the stylus to automatically count the number
of touches.&nbsp; In addition, you can record the total amount of time
for the task, the amount of time for each hole, the amount of time between
holes, or the smallest hole achieved without error.</font></font></font>
<p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>You should
give standard instructions concerning the depth of placement, the amount
of time the stylus is to be held in the hole, and the placement of the
hands and arms.&nbsp; Some subjects might discover that holding the stylus
hand with their other hand greatly increases their skill level!</font></font></font>
<br>&nbsp;
<br>&nbsp;</ol>
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<h1>
<a NAME="Steadiness Tester -- Slot"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Steadiness
Tester -- Slot Type:</font></font></font></h1>
&nbsp;
<ol><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The slot type
tester tests both small-motor coordination and steadiness, but also looks
at the ability to move the arm in a straight line.&nbsp; As a diagnostic
tool for an industrial psychologist, it would apply to tasks requiring
motion as well as placement.</font></font></font>
<p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The subject
is asked to start moving the stylus from the wider end to the narrower
end.&nbsp; The counter can be attached to the stylus to automatically count
the number of touches.&nbsp; In addition, you can record the total amount
of time for the task, the distance at which the first error was made, or
improvement across trials.</font></font></font>
<p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>You can provide
audio feedback for your subjects on both the slot type and the hole type
steadiness testers.&nbsp; This feedback may either improve or detract from
performance.</font></font></font><img SRC="slottype.jpg" height=150 width=200 align=RIGHT>
<p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>On this task,
it is better if the subject does not rest their arm on the table.&nbsp;
If they keep their arm in the same place, their hand will describe an arc
and it will harm their performance.&nbsp; If they move their arm along
the table, this could act as a guide for their hand and their performance
would be improved.&nbsp; Be careful to place the equipment parallel to
the subject and at the same distance from their elbow/shoulder.&nbsp; The
distance will vary depending on the height of the subject.</font></font></font>
<br>&nbsp;</ol>
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<h1>
<a NAME="Tachistoscope"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Tachistoscope:</font></font></font></h1>
&nbsp;
<ol><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>If you are
presenting visual stimuli, the tachistoscope will let you control the amount
of time each item is seen by the subject.&nbsp; There are thousands of
applications for this piece of equipment.&nbsp; It's even useful as a tongue-twister.</font></font></font>
<p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The tachistoscope
attaches to a Kodak Ektagraphic slide projector.&nbsp; You sign out the
slide projector from the equipment room at the Media Center.&nbsp; It might
be best to take the tachistoscope with you so that you can be sure of getting
the correct lens.&nbsp; You can then try it out to be sure of the controls.</font></font></font>
<p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>I have several
sets of slides which can be used as stimulus materials or the Media Center
can make custom slides for your experiment.&nbsp; They have a complete
price list at the front desk.</font></font></font>
<p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>Pretest your
settings before you begin your experiment.&nbsp; If you are doing verbal
memory, you probably don't want to use 1/10th of a second -- the subject
might not see it.&nbsp; If you are doing an experiment where the subject
is to be influenced by surrounding stimuli, faster presentations might
be in order.</font></font></font>
<p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>You might test
a group of subjects at the same time.&nbsp; If the projector is placed
at the back of the room with the screen at the front, and subjects are
in the middle of the classroom, the differences in angle of view will be
minimal.&nbsp; Place your subjects at the same distance from the screen.</font></font></font>
<br>&nbsp;
<br>&nbsp;</ol>
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<h1>
<a NAME="Window"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Window
Illusion:</font></font></font></h1>

<ol>&nbsp;
<br><img SRC="windows.jpg" height=197 width=150 align=RIGHT><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>When
I was in seventh grade, I saw a demonstration of the window illusion on
television.&nbsp; I decided then to become a psychologist.&nbsp; You never
know what kids are watching in TV!</font></font></font>
<p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The window
illusion demonstrates perspectival illusions.&nbsp; The window appears
to rotate, while in reality it is moving back and forth across a limited
arc.&nbsp; I am not sure if anyone will need it as equipment in an experiment,
but you might want to try it out for the fun of it.</font></font></font>
<br><br><br>&nbsp;</ol>

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</ol>

<font face="Verdana"><font color="#666666"><font size=-2>&copy; &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="mailto:mshea@maine.edu">Marilyn
Shea</a>, November 1999<br>some pictures by Josh Keezer, mouseover graphics by Josh Glavine</font></font></font>
<br><font face="Verdana"><font color="#666666"><font size=-2>Department
of Psychology, University of Maine at Farmington</font></font></font>
<br>&nbsp;
<br>&nbsp;
<br>&nbsp;
<ol>&nbsp;</ol>

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