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- <td ALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="20%">
- <center><a href="#Algisimeter:" onMouseOver="eval('imgalgi.src=alg2.src')" onMouseOut="eval('imgalgi.src=alg1.src')"><img SRC="alg1.jpg" NAME="imgalgi" BORDER=0 height=30 width=150></a>
- <p><a href="#Color Illusion:" onMouseOver="eval('imgcolor.src=color2.src')" onMouseOut="eval('imgcolor.src=color1.src')"><img SRC="color1.jpg" NAME="imgcolor" BORDER=0 height=30 width=150></a>
- <p><a href="#Ear Muffs and Plugs:" onMouseOver="eval('imgear.src=ear2.src')" onMouseOut="eval('imgear.src=ear1.src')"><img SRC="ear1.jpg" NAME="imgear" BORDER=0 height=30 width=156></a>
- <p><a href="#Headphones:" onMouseOver="eval('imghead.src=head2.src')" onMouseOut="eval('imghead.src=head1.src')"><img SRC="head1.jpg" NAME="imghead" BORDER=0 height=30 width=150></a>
- <p><a href="#Illusion" onMouseOver="eval('imgill.src=illcards2.src')" onMouseOut="eval('imgill.src=illcards1.src')"><img SRC="illcards1.jpg" NAME="imgill" BORDER=0 height=30 width=150></a>
- <p><a href="#Mirror" onMouseOver="eval('imgmirrtrac.src=mirtrac2.src')" onMouseOut="eval('imgmirrtrac.src=mirtrac1.src')"><img SRC="mirrtrac1.jpg" NAME="imgmirrtrac" BORDER=0 height=30 width=150></a>
- <p><a href="#Mirror Tracer - Paper Version:" onMouseOver="eval('imgmirrver.src=mirrver2.src')" onMouseOut="eval('imgmirrver.src=mirrver1.src')"><img SRC="mirrver1.jpg" NAME="imgmirrver" BORDER=0 height=60 width=150></a></center>
- </td>
- <td>
- <center><img SRC="mirrortrsk.jpg" height=366 width=400></center>
- </td>
- <td WIDTH="20%">
- <center><a href="#Picture" onMouseOver="eval('imgpic.src=pic2.src')" onMouseOut="eval('imgpic.src=pic1.src')"><img SRC="pic1.jpg" NAME="imgpic" BORDER=0 height=60 width=150></a>
- <br><a href="#Star" onMouseOver="eval('imgstar.src=star2.src')" onMouseOut="eval('imgstar.src=star1.src')"><img SRC="star1.jpg" NAME="imgstar" BORDER=0 height=30 width=150></a>
- <p><a href="#Steadiness" onMouseOver="eval('imgsteah.src=steah2.src')" onMouseOut="eval('imgsteah.src=steah1.src')"><img SRC="steah1.jpg" NAME="imgsteah" BORDER=0 height=60 width=150></a>
- <p><a href="#Steadiness Tester -- Slot" onMouseOver="eval('imgsteas.src=steas2.src')" onMouseOut="eval('imgsteas.src=steas1.src')"><img SRC="steas1.jpg" NAME="imgsteas" BORDER=0 height=60 width=150></a>
- <p><a href="#Tachistoscope" onMouseOver="eval('imgtach.src=tach2.src')" onMouseOut="eval('imgtach.src=tach1.src')"><img SRC="tach1.jpg" NAME="imgtach" BORDER=0 height=30 width=150></a>
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- </table>
- <br>
- <ol>
- <h1>
- <a NAME="Algisimeter:"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Algisimeter:</font></font></font></h1>
-
- <ol><img SRC="algisim.jpg" BORDER=0 height=138 width=200 align=RIGHT><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The
- algisimeter is used to map the skin's responsiveness. By placing
- the point gently on the surface of the skin, different nerve endings are
- stimulated. The subject is asked to rate the sensation for strength
- -- giving ratings of 0, 1 or 2.</font></font></font>
- <p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>To maintain
- accuracy during placement, a grid stamp is available. You simply
- ink the stamp with washable ink and press it on the area of skin to be
- measured. To locate the grid accurately measure from a standard location
- such as the middle knuckle or a vein. I have data sheets in my office
- which makes recording the data easier.</font></font></font>
- <p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>Several weights
- are available for the algisimeter. Simply unscrew the end weight
- and add or remove additional weights.</font></font></font>
- <br>
- <br></ol></ol>
- <center><a href="#Top" onMouseOver="img88top.src='arrowin.jpg'" onMouseOut="img88top.src='arrowout.jpg'"><img SRC="arrowout.jpg" NAME="img88top" BORDER=0 ></a></center>
- <br>
- <ol>
- <h1>
- <a NAME="Color Illusion:"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Color
- Illusion:</font></font></font></h1>
-
- <ol><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The color
- illusion is comprised of a set of circular cards and a motor to rotate
- them.
- <p>This is a classic
- demonstration in the sensation of color. The motor can be adusted
- to rotate at different speeds to see the effect on the illusion.</font></font></font>
- </ol>
- </ol>
- <br>
- <br>
- <center><a href="#Top" onMouseOver="img99top.src='arrowin.jpg'" onMouseOut="img99top.src='arrowout.jpg'"><img SRC="arrowout.jpg" NAME="img99top" BORDER=0 ></a></center>
- <ol>
- <h1>
- <a NAME="Ear Muffs and Plugs:"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Ear
- Muffs and Plugs:</font></font></font></h1>
-
- <ol><img SRC="earprotc.jpg" height=147 width=150><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The
- ear muffs and plugs will not provide absolute silence if there is a great
- deal of noise in the environment. They are effective if the room
- is already quiet. Students have used them in sensory deprivation
- studies, attention studies, and modality studies.</font></font></font></ol><br><br>
- <center><a href="#Top" onMouseOver="img0top.src='arrowin.jpg'" onMouseOut="img0top.src='arrowout.jpg'"><img SRC="arrowout.jpg" NAME="img0top" BORDER=0 ></a></center>
- <h1>
- <a NAME="Headphones:"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Headphones:</font></font></font></h1>
-
- <ol><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>Several pairs
- of headphones are available for presenting auditory stimuli. They
- are all surface headphones. Do not use earplug headphones in your
- studies.</font></font></font>
- <p><img SRC="headphn.jpg" height=159 width=250 align=RIGHT><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The
- choice to use headphones or speakers for presenting auditory stimuli will
- depend on the study. Headphones often increase the attention to the
- stimuli and it is possible to separate the channels. The use of speakers
- allows the subject to move freely. If you are using music as a variable
- in your study, you may prefer to use speakers to provide background stimulation.
- You might even wish to contrast the two methods.</font></font></font>
- <br> </ol><br><br><br><br>
- <center><a href="#Top" onMouseOver="img9top.src='arrowin.jpg'" onMouseOut="img9top.src='arrowout.jpg'"><img SRC="arrowout.jpg" NAME="img9top" BORDER=0 ></a></center>
- <h1>
- <a NAME="Illusion"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Illusion
- Cards:</font></font></font></h1>
-
- <ol><img SRC="illcard.jpg" height=223 width=300 align=LEFT><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>There
- is a rich literature regarding illusions and the variables which influence
- our perceptions. Some illusions are developmental - children don't
- see them, but adults do. Some illusions are based on violations of
- perspective. Still other illusions are the result of the way in which
- our brains process information.</font></font></font>
- <p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The illusion
- set includes the Necker Cube, the Poggendorf illusion, Horizontal-Vertical
- illusion, the Old Woman - Young Girl illusion, and of course the Mueller-Lyer
- Illusion.</font></font></font>
- <p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>If you are
- interested in doing a study with illusions, we also have computer based
- illusions and there are several sites on the Internet.</font></font></font>
- <br>
- <br> </ol>
- <center><a href="#Top" onMouseOver="img8top.src='arrowin.jpg'" onMouseOut="img8top.src='arrowout.jpg'"><img SRC="arrowout.jpg" NAME="img8top" BORDER=0 ></a></center>
- <h1>
- <a NAME="Mirror"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Mirror
- Tracer:</font></font></font></h1>
-
- <ol><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>Have you ever
- tried to read a book in a mirror? In the mirror tracer task the subject
- has to <img SRC="counter.jpg" BORDER=0 height=156 width=200 align=RIGHT>trace
- the pattern of a star as they look at it in a mirror. Some subjects
- succeed easily, while other struggle to move their hand.</font></font></font>
- <p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>This electronic
- version of the mirror-tracer counts the number of times that the subject
- goes out of the boundaries. Other measures which can be taken are
- a) total time to complete the pattern, b) number of times paused, c) number
- of reversals, d) miscellaneous verbal behavior. Further, you might
- consider dividing the pattern into sectors to see if the behavior differs
- from one area to the next.</font></font></font>
- <br>
- <br> </ol>
- <center><a href="#Top" onMouseOver="img7top.src='arrowin.jpg'" onMouseOut="img7top.src='arrowout.jpg'"><img SRC="arrowout.jpg" NAME="img7top" BORDER=0 ></a></center>
- <h1>
- <a NAME="Mirror Tracer - Paper Version:"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Mirror
- Tracer - Paper Version:</font></font></font></h1>
-
- <ol><img SRC="mirrrpap.jpg" BORDER=0 height=267 width=300 align=LEFT><br>
- <br>
- <br>
- <font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>This task is the
- same as the one above, but the subject traces the pattern on a piece of
- paper with a pen. While there is no counter, the paper record can
- be analyzed later to compare subjects.</font></font></font>
- <p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>In both tasks,
- remember to carefully position the hand of each subject in the same way.
- If you are going to let them rest their arm against the table, have all
- subjects take the same position. Use the same type of pen for all
- subjects. A ball-point with low resistance works best.</font></font></font>
- <br><br>
- <br>
- <br>
- <BR></ol>
- <center><a href="#Top" onMouseOver="img6top.src='arrowin.jpg'" onMouseOut="img6top.src='arrowout.jpg'"><img SRC="arrowout.jpg" NAME="img6top" BORDER=0 ></a></center>
- <h1>
- <a NAME="Picture"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Picture
- and Word Stimuli Sets:</font></font></font></h1>
-
- <ol><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>I have five
- or six sets of teaching materials designed to teach verbal and reading
- skills. Each <img SRC="dollset.jpg" height=150 width=200 align=RIGHT>has
- an array of large cards with pictures or words on them. There are
- hundreds of these cards. Some of the sets also include dolls and
- puppets.</font></font></font>
- <p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>While many
- of the pictures are a little old-fashioned, most of them are suitable for
- use in verbal memory, recognition, and association tasks.</font></font></font>
- <p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The advantage
- to using such graphics is that they are all drawn with the same style and
- complexity. Thus, subjects are not given additional cues to memory
- by the change of graphic style, size, and color palette. The words
- are also printed in a standard size and font.</font></font></font>
- <p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>If you are
- only doing a word list, there are better materials available in the computer
- programs section. If you are using the computer to present your materials,
- graphics can be scanned to make small *.bmp files. You might also
- look at collections of clip-art on the Internet, in WordPerfect and at
- the Media Center.</font></font></font>
- <br> </ol>
- <center><a href="#Top" onMouseOver="img5top.src='arrowin.jpg'" onMouseOut="img5top.src='arrowout.jpg'"><img SRC="arrowout.jpg" NAME="img5top" BORDER=0 ></a></center>
- <h1>
- <a NAME="Star"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Star
- Tracer:</font></font></font></h1>
-
- <ol><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The star tracer
- looks similar to the mirror tracer, but it measures different skills.
- The subject grasps the handles and uses the arms to control the pointer
- from a distance. People with good eye-hand coordination or people
- who are able to adjust their large motor responses might excel at this
- task. It could be interesting to see if those who describe themselves
- as good at sports vs. clumsy have accurate self-attributions.</font></font></font><img SRC="startr.jpg" height=113 width=248 align=RIGHT>
- <p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The task was
- developed for industrial psychologists to test the ability to operate machines
- and equipment. There is a fairly large literature on such measures,
- although much of it will be found before 1980.</font></font></font>
- <p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The star tracer
- can be attached to the counter which will automatically record the number
- of times the subject goes out of the lines. The counter can also
- beep to tell the subject that they have made an error.</font></font></font>
- <br>
- <br> </ol>
- <center><a href="#Top" onMouseOver="img4top.src='arrowin.jpg'" onMouseOut="img4top.src='arrowout.jpg'"><img SRC="arrowout.jpg" NAME="img4top" BORDER=0 ></a></center>
- <h1>
- <a NAME="Steadiness"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Steadiness
- Tester -- Hole Type:</font></font></font></h1>
- <ol>
- <br><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The steadiness
- testers might remind you of something from the Farmington Fair, that is
- probably because the carnival examples were adapted from the psychology
- equipment. Or, perhaps the psychologist saw it at a county fair and
- saw different possibilities.</font></font></font>
- <p><img SRC="holetype.jpg" height=150 width=200 align=LEFT><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>Just
- as the Science Museum in Boston has a popular display centered on the mirror
- tracer, the steadiness tester has a fascination for many people.
- It measures both small-motor coordination and steadiness of the hand.
- Many variables effect both, and the steadiness tester can be used as one
- measure of stress, preparedness, and perhaps fitness.</font></font></font>
- <p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The subject
- is asked to place the stylus in each hole, starting with the largest.
- The counter can be attached to the stylus to automatically count the number
- of touches. In addition, you can record the total amount of time
- for the task, the amount of time for each hole, the amount of time between
- holes, or the smallest hole achieved without error.</font></font></font>
- <p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>You should
- give standard instructions concerning the depth of placement, the amount
- of time the stylus is to be held in the hole, and the placement of the
- hands and arms. Some subjects might discover that holding the stylus
- hand with their other hand greatly increases their skill level!</font></font></font>
- <br>
- <br> </ol>
- <center><a href="#Top" onMouseOver="img3top.src='arrowin.jpg'" onMouseOut="img3top.src='arrowout.jpg'"><img SRC="arrowout.jpg" NAME="img3top" BORDER=0 ></a></center>
- <h1>
- <a NAME="Steadiness Tester -- Slot"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Steadiness
- Tester -- Slot Type:</font></font></font></h1>
-
- <ol><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The slot type
- tester tests both small-motor coordination and steadiness, but also looks
- at the ability to move the arm in a straight line. As a diagnostic
- tool for an industrial psychologist, it would apply to tasks requiring
- motion as well as placement.</font></font></font>
- <p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The subject
- is asked to start moving the stylus from the wider end to the narrower
- end. The counter can be attached to the stylus to automatically count
- the number of touches. In addition, you can record the total amount
- of time for the task, the distance at which the first error was made, or
- improvement across trials.</font></font></font>
- <p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>You can provide
- audio feedback for your subjects on both the slot type and the hole type
- steadiness testers. This feedback may either improve or detract from
- performance.</font></font></font><img SRC="slottype.jpg" height=150 width=200 align=RIGHT>
- <p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>On this task,
- it is better if the subject does not rest their arm on the table.
- If they keep their arm in the same place, their hand will describe an arc
- and it will harm their performance. If they move their arm along
- the table, this could act as a guide for their hand and their performance
- would be improved. Be careful to place the equipment parallel to
- the subject and at the same distance from their elbow/shoulder. The
- distance will vary depending on the height of the subject.</font></font></font>
- <br> </ol>
- <center><a href="#Top" onMouseOver="img2top.src='arrowin.jpg'" onMouseOut="img2top.src='arrowout.jpg'"><img SRC="arrowout.jpg" NAME="img2top" BORDER=0 ></a></center>
- <h1>
- <a NAME="Tachistoscope"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Tachistoscope:</font></font></font></h1>
-
- <ol><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>If you are
- presenting visual stimuli, the tachistoscope will let you control the amount
- of time each item is seen by the subject. There are thousands of
- applications for this piece of equipment. It's even useful as a tongue-twister.</font></font></font>
- <p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The tachistoscope
- attaches to a Kodak Ektagraphic slide projector. You sign out the
- slide projector from the equipment room at the Media Center. It might
- be best to take the tachistoscope with you so that you can be sure of getting
- the correct lens. You can then try it out to be sure of the controls.</font></font></font>
- <p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>I have several
- sets of slides which can be used as stimulus materials or the Media Center
- can make custom slides for your experiment. They have a complete
- price list at the front desk.</font></font></font>
- <p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>Pretest your
- settings before you begin your experiment. If you are doing verbal
- memory, you probably don't want to use 1/10th of a second -- the subject
- might not see it. If you are doing an experiment where the subject
- is to be influenced by surrounding stimuli, faster presentations might
- be in order.</font></font></font>
- <p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>You might test
- a group of subjects at the same time. If the projector is placed
- at the back of the room with the screen at the front, and subjects are
- in the middle of the classroom, the differences in angle of view will be
- minimal. Place your subjects at the same distance from the screen.</font></font></font>
- <br>
- <br> </ol>
- <center><a href="#Top" onMouseOver="img1top.src='arrowin.jpg'" onMouseOut="img1top.src='arrowout.jpg'"><img SRC="arrowout.jpg" NAME="img1top" BORDER=0 ></a></center>
- <h1>
- <a NAME="Window"></a><font face="Verdana"><font color="#000099"><font size=+1>Window
- Illusion:</font></font></font></h1>
- <ol>
- <br><img SRC="windows.jpg" height=197 width=150 align=RIGHT><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>When
- I was in seventh grade, I saw a demonstration of the window illusion on
- television. I decided then to become a psychologist. You never
- know what kids are watching in TV!</font></font></font>
- <p><font face="Verdana"><font color="#330033"><font size=-1>The window
- illusion demonstrates perspectival illusions. The window appears
- to rotate, while in reality it is moving back and forth across a limited
- arc. I am not sure if anyone will need it as equipment in an experiment,
- but you might want to try it out for the fun of it.</font></font></font>
- <br><br><br> </ol>
- <center><a href="#Top" onMouseOver="imgtop.src='arrowin.jpg'" onMouseOut="imgtop.src='arrowout.jpg'"><img SRC="arrowout.jpg" NAME="imgtop" BORDER=0 ></a></center>
- </ol>
- <font face="Verdana"><font color="#666666"><font size=-2>© <a href="mailto:mshea@maine.edu">Marilyn
- Shea</a>, November 1999<br>some pictures by Josh Keezer, mouseover graphics by Josh Glavine</font></font></font>
- <br><font face="Verdana"><font color="#666666"><font size=-2>Department
- of Psychology, University of Maine at Farmington</font></font></font>
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