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  40. 			<h1><a href="http://hua.umf.maine.edu/China/china.html"><img src="suhlpa2tws.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="209" align="middle" border="0"></a><font size="+3" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><em>Historic Beijing in Pictures</em></font></h1>
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  63. 								<td width="80%"><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">A brief history of <strong>Chinese Astronomy</strong> at the Beijing Ancient Observatory - </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">北京古观象台</font></td>
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  74. 								<td width="80%"><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Decorative Details at the <strong>Forbidden City</strong> - Ceramics, granite relief, beams, and rooftops - </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">故宫博物院</font></td>
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  85. 								<td width="80%"><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Funeral Objects</strong> from the Han to the Northern and Southern Dynasties at the Palace Museum, Forbidden City - </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">故宫博物院</font></td>
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  94. 										<a href="HistoricBeijing/Forbidden_City/pages/002_Tiananmen.html"><img src="HistoricBeijing/Forbidden_City/images/01Tiananmen%20Gate_ForbiddenCity_6868crbwiconss.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="126" border="0"></a></div>
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  96. 								<td width="80%"><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Beijing's Tian'anmen Square </strong></font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">天安门广场 </font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">has been a center of Chinese history and government since the Ming Dynasty.  The old buildings were razed to make room for the Great Hall of the People, the National Museum, Monument to the People's Heroes, and Mao Zedong's Mausoleum.  On the southern end, the Archery Tower and Zhengyang Gate are vestiges of the old fortifications.<br>
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  106. 										<a href="HistoricBeijing/Forbidden_City/index.html"><img src="HistoricBeijing/Forbidden_City/images/06supremehallthrone_4699wicons.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="133" border="0"></a></div>
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  108. 								<td width="80%"><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The <strong>Forbidden City</strong> </font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">was built by the Yongle Emperor between 1406 and 1421.  The politics that motivated his decision to move to Beijing from Nanjing motivated his desire to build a palace and city that linked the Ming Dynasty to the traditions of the Tang and Han Dynasties of the past..  The <strong>Palace Museum  </strong></font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">故宫博物院 </font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">presents visitors with a glimpse of history, culture, art, and traditions that linked the dynasties through the ages.</font></td>
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  117. 										<a href="HistoricBeijing/History/pages/177_BeijingCityWall.html"><img src="HistoricBeijing/History/images/citywall_9129bwwiconss.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="173" border="0"></a></div>
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  119. 								<td width="80%"><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The <b>City Walls of Beijing</b> were built at the same time as the Forbidden City, between 1416 and 1421.  Additional fortifications in the form of arrow gates were added in the 1430s.  The city was expanded by enclosing the southern section of the city in 1550 after an aborted attempt by Mongol raiders to enter Beijing. Beginning in 1915, the gates and walls of the city were demolished for various construction projects. Pictures from the late 1800s and early 1900s record give us a record of the lost gates.</font></td>
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  128. 										<a href="HistoricBeijing/Babaoshan/index.html"><img src="HistoricBeijing/Babaoshan/images/Babaoshan_7699s.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="134" border="0"></a></div>
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  130. 								<td width="80%"><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Babaoshan</strong> </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">八宝山</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> is the Revolutionary Cemetery to the west of Beijing.  On the first day of Qing Ming Festival </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">清明节</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Babaoshan was ablaze with color. Qingming is the season to remember the dead, similar to our Memorial Day, but the tradition dates back to 900 AD. The tombs in Babaoshan are a record of recent Chinese history. Revolutionary poets such as Wen Yiduo </font>闻一多 <font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">and </font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Emi Siao </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">萧三</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> and entertainers such as Hou Baolin </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">侯宝林</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> are buried there.  Members of the Long March such as Yu Qiuli </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">余秋里, </font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">General Zhou Chunquan 周纯全</font><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">, and </font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Deng Liujin </font>邓六金  <font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">are honored at </font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Babaoshan</font>.</td>
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  139. 										<a href="HistoricBeijing/Qianmen/pages/034_UndergroundCity.html"><img src="HistoricBeijing/Qianmen/images/UndergroundCity_2090iconss.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="131" align="middle" border="0"></a></div>
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  141. 								<td width="80%"><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Beijing Underground City</strong> </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">北京地下城</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> was a set of tunnels connecting major points of Beijing and designed as an air-raid shelter. It was built between 1969 and 1979 and fortunately was never used for its designated purpose. Includes a brief history to the breakdown of Sino-Soviet relations in the 1960s and an essay by </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">冯世则 </font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Feng Shize.</font></td>
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  152. 								<td width="80%"><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Qianmen</strong> Before the Olympics in 2008, the first stage of a reconstruction of areas south of Tian'anmen was opened to the public. Photographs from the early 1900s, 2004, 2005, and 2008 will take you on a trip through history. The modernization of Dashila hutong </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">大栅栏胡同</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">, Qianmen Dajie </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">前门大街</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">,  Dashila Jie </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">大栅栏街</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">,  and nearby areas gives a picture of both loss and gain as Beijing searches for a new face.</font></td>
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  161. 										<a href="HistoricBeijing/History/pages/123_WhiteCloudTemple.html"><img src="HistoricBeijing/History/images/BaiyunGuan_7303wsicons.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="113" border="0"></a></div>
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  163. 								<td width="80%"><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>Baiyun Guan - White Cloud Temple </strong></font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">白云观 </font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">is a Daoist Temple built in 739 during the Tang Dynasty. One of the founders of Quanzhen Daoism, Qiu Chuji </font>丘处机 <font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">(Qiu Changchun </font>丘<font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">长春</font><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">), took a journey to western countries to meet with Genghis Kahn. Table of Contents on the first page.</font></td>
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  172. 										<a href="HistoricBeijing/History/pages/001_MarcoPoloBridge.html"><img src="HistoricBeijing/History/images/MarcoPoloBridge5152wiconss.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="155" border="0"></a></div>
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  174. 								<td width="80%"><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The <strong>Marco Polo Bridge <font size="+1">卢沟桥</font></strong> was made famous in Europe when Marco Polo returned to Venice and wrote about it.  In the next section, you will see the bridge and learn the history, here you get lions, and more lions, just the lions.</font></td>
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  183. 										<a href="HistoricBeijing/History/pages/046_Lugouqiao.html"><img src="HistoricBeijing/History/images/Lugouqiao6813cwiconss.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="113" border="0"></a></div>
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  185. 								<td width="80%"><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The <strong>Lugou Qiao or Marco Polo Bridge <font size="+1">卢沟桥</font></strong> was built across the Yongding to provide convenient access to the regions west and south of Beijing. The history of Beijing is outlined from the Liao Dynasty. The bridge served the Jin, Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties and served as a lifeline between Beijing and the rest of China when the Japanese surrounded Beijing in the 1930s.</font></td>
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  194. 										<a href="HistoricBeijing/Chinese_Jade/index.html"><img src="HistoricBeijing/Chinese_Jade/images/Chinese_Jade9922wiconss.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="100" border="0"></a></div>
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  196. 								<td width="80%"><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The <strong>Jade Collection</strong> at Beijing's <strong>Capital Museum</strong> </font><font size="+1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">首都博物馆</font>
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  197. 									<p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">focuses on jade within the context of the history of Beijing by limiting the collection to jades found in and around Beijing dating from Neolithic times to the Qing Dynasty.</font></p>
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    207. 

  207. 										<a href="HistoricBeijing/History/Chinese_Pottery_Index.html"><img src="HistoricBeijing/History/images/Chinese_Pottery_GSC_1068wicons.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="146" border="0"></a></div>
    208. 

  208. 								</td>
    209. 

  209. 								<td width="80%"><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The early history of Beijing is seen in Yan roof tiles dating to the Warring States Period.  Neolithic pottery from multiple cultures shows early history of China.  </font></td>
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