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  42. <font color="white"><i><font face="Arial"><font size=+2>Chinese Bronzes&nbsp;</font></font></i><br>
  43. <i><font face="Arial"><font size=+2>Warring States through the Western
  44. Han Dynasty Periods</font></font></i></font></center>
  45. <p><font face="Arial"><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Yunnan bronze work of the Warring States
  46. period is contrasted with that of the Western Han Dynasty period in works
  47. selected by the curators of the Yunnan Provincial Museum, Kunming.&nbsp; The following are selections from an exhibition held at the National Museum of China in Beijing, 2004.&nbsp;
  48. <p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Bronze is a metal primarily comprised of copper and tin but some lead may be added.&nbsp; Bronze has been used for implements in China since the Xia Dynasty (2100 BC to 1600 BC). During the Shang (1765 BC to ~1122 BC) and Zhou periods (1045 BC to 221 BC) new, more elaborate forms were developed and the bronze age reached its height during the Han period.&nbsp; During the earliest times, bronze items focused on ritual objects and themes, gradually more attention was placed on scenes from everyday life.&nbsp; It is this transition that signals the Second Bronze Age.&nbsp; The change was very gradual, forms were used for hundreds of years. For example, you cannot use a theme or form to identify an object as coming from the Warring States (475-221 BC) versus the Han period (206 BC - 220 AD).&nbsp; Take a look at the buckles illustrated below. The composition of the buckle found in Lijiashan showing three wolves attacking a goat is very similar to the later buckle found in Shizhaishan of three tigers carrying an ox.&nbsp;
  49. </font><p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">During the Warring States and Western Han Periods, Yunnan was ruled by the Dian culture.&nbsp; The king of the Dian had a loose political relationship with the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC - 24 AD) and by the time of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 - 220 AD) Yunnan and the Dian people had been
  50. brought under the rule of the Han.&nbsp; The items shown here are from
  51. the height of the Dian culture.&nbsp;
  52. </font><p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">During the later bronze age, bronze was used both for practical and ritual items.&nbsp; The most elaborate items are often found in gravesites.&nbsp; Artists not only used patterns in their works but also depicted scenes from daily life, giving a glimpse of the social and cultural customs of the time.&nbsp;
  53. </font><p><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The cowrie containers are particularly interesting because they show people engaged in activities such as training horses, weaving, tending livestock, and offering tribute.&nbsp; Cowries were used as the unit of exchange, as money, throughout Asia and Africa.&nbsp; They are the shells of snails found in the Pacific and Indian Oceans.&nbsp; Cowries are lightweight and can be strung on strings for easy transportation.&nbsp;
  54. Storing them created an art form.&nbsp; The cowrie containers were used
  55. both within the household and in burial sites.&nbsp; Wealthier people must
  56. have commissioned elaborate containers to symbolize their status.&nbsp;
  57. Today they give us an idea of what people did and what they valued. You
  58. can see that the Dian people wore their hair in topknots of various styles,
  59. wore tunics over short pants, and decorated their clothing.&nbsp; Hunting
  60. and communal activities are also illustrated.
  61. </font><p><font face="Arial"><font size="-1" color="white" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">If you click on any of the image captions
  62. you will go to a slide show.&nbsp; You will return to this page if you
  63. click the up arrow.</font></font>
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  71. <center><table BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=10 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH="90%" >
  72. <tr>
  73. <td ALIGN=CENTER><a NAME="row1"></a><a href="pages/297a2sshw.htm"><img SRC="297a2sshw.jpg" ALT="297a2sshw" BORDER=0 height=112 width=150></a></td>
  74. <td ALIGN=CENTER><a href="pages/299acsw.htm"><img SRC="299acsw.jpg" ALT="299acsw" BORDER=0 height=131 width=150></a></td>
  75. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Two bronze cowrie containers.
  76. The one on the left was found at Lijiashan, Jiangchuan county. Western
  77. Han Dynasty 206 BC to 8 AD</font></font></td>
  78. <td ALIGN=CENTER><a href="pages/301asw.htm"><img SRC="301asw.jpg" ALT="301asw" BORDER=0 height=112 width=150></a></td>
  79. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Bronzeware basket in the
  80. shape of a snake. Found at Lijiashan, Jiangchuan county. Western Han Dynasty
  81. 206 BC to 8 AD</font></font></td>
  82. </tr>
  83. <tr>
  84. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/297a2sshw.htm">Taming
  85. Horses</a></font></font></td>
  86. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/299acsw.htm">Hunting</a></font></font></td>
  87. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP></td>
  88. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/301asw.htm">Snake
  89. image</a></font></font></td>
  90. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP></td>
  91. </tr>
  92. <tr>
  93. <td><img SRC="spacer.jpg" height=15 width=4><a NAME="row2"></a></td>
  94. <td></td>
  95. <td></td>
  96. <td></td>
  97. <td></td>
  98. </tr>
  99. <tr>
  100. <td>
  101. <center><a href="pages/308acsw.htm"><img SRC="308acsw.jpg" ALT="308acsw" BORDER=0 height=150 width=123></a></center>
  102. </td>
  103. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Two bent bladed bronze hoes
  104. found at Lijiashan, Jiangchuan county. Western Han Dynasty 206 BC to 8
  105. AD.&nbsp; Notice what is almost a Greek key design at left.</font></font></td>
  106. <td>
  107. <center><a href="pages/311acshw.htm"><img SRC="311acshw.jpg" ALT="311acshw" BORDER=0 height=150 width=107></a></center>
  108. </td>
  109. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Bronze hoe inscribed with
  110. peacocks found at Shizhaishan, Jinning county. Western Han Dynasty 206
  111. BC to 8 AD</font></font></td>
  112. <td>
  113. <center><a href="pages/318asw30.htm"><img SRC="318asw30.jpg" ALT="318asw30" BORDER=0 height=150 width=112></a></center>
  114. </td>
  115. </tr>
  116. <tr>
  117. <td>
  118. <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="pages/308acsw.htm">Geometric
  119. Design Bronze Hoe</a></font></font></center>
  120. </td>
  121. <td></td>
  122. <td>
  123. <center><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/311acshw.htm">Bronze
  124. Hoe</a></font></font></center>
  125. </td>
  126. <td></td>
  127. <td>
  128. <center><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/318asw30.htm">Peacock
  129. Hoe</a></font></font></center>
  130. </td>
  131. </tr>
  132. <tr>
  133. <td><img SRC="spacer.jpg" height=15 width=4><a NAME="row3"></a></td>
  134. <td></td>
  135. <td></td>
  136. <td></td>
  137. <td></td>
  138. </tr>
  139. <tr>
  140. <td ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp;</td>
  141. <td ALIGN=CENTER></td>
  142. <td ALIGN=CENTER><a href="pages/318leftcsw.htm"><img SRC="318leftcsw.jpg" ALT="318leftcsw" BORDER=0 height=150 width=95></a></td>
  143. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Details of peacock designs
  144. on the left and right sides of the hoe above.</font></font></td>
  145. <td ALIGN=CENTER><a href="pages/318rightsw30.htm"><img SRC="318rightsw30.jpg" ALT="318rightsw30" BORDER=0 height=150 width=95></a></td>
  146. </tr>
  147. <tr>
  148. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><img SRC="spacer.jpg" height=15 width=4><a NAME="row4"></a></td>
  149. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP></td>
  150. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/318leftcsw.htm">Left
  151. Peacock</a></font></font></td>
  152. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP></td>
  153. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/318rightsw30.htm">Right
  154. Peacock</a></font></font></td>
  155. </tr>
  156. <tr>
  157. <td><img SRC="spacer.jpg" height=15 width=4></td>
  158. <td></td>
  159. <td></td>
  160. <td></td>
  161. <td></td>
  162. </tr>
  163. <tr>
  164. <td>
  165. <center><a href="pages/327abldksshw.htm"><img SRC="327abldksshw.jpg" ALT="327abldksshw" BORDER=0 height=87 width=150></a></center>
  166. </td>
  167. <td><a href="pages/329acalldk2sw.htm"><img SRC="329acalldk2sw.jpg" ALT="329acalldk2sw" BORDER=0 height=97 width=150></a></td>
  168. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>This bronze cowrie container
  169. shows an artistic restraint used to emphasize the perfect form of the figure.
  170. Found at Lijiashan, Jiangchuan county. Western Han Dynasty 206 BC to 8
  171. AD</font></font></td>
  172. <td>
  173. <center><a href="pages/335adksw.htm"><img SRC="335adksw.jpg" ALT="335adksw" BORDER=0 height=106 width=150></a></center>
  174. </td>
  175. <td>
  176. <center><a href="pages/336acsw.htm"><img SRC="336acsw.jpg" ALT="336acsw" BORDER=0 height=106 width=150></a></center>
  177. </td>
  178. </tr>
  179. <tr>
  180. <td>
  181. <center><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/327abldksshw.htm">Bronze
  182. Cowrie Container</a></font></font></center>
  183. </td>
  184. <td>
  185. <center><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/329acalldk2sw.htm">Cowrie
  186. Container - View 2&nbsp;</a></font></font></center>
  187. </td>
  188. <td></td>
  189. <td>
  190. <center><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/335adksw.htm">Cowrie
  191. Container - View 3</a></font></font></center>
  192. </td>
  193. <td>
  194. <center><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/336acsw.htm">Cowrie
  195. Container - View 4</a></font></font></center>
  196. </td>
  197. </tr>
  198. <tr>
  199. <td><img SRC="spacer.jpg" height=15 width=4><a NAME="row5"></a></td>
  200. <td></td>
  201. <td></td>
  202. <td></td>
  203. <td></td>
  204. </tr>
  205. <tr>
  206. <td><img SRC="spacer.jpg" height=15 width=4></td>
  207. <td></td>
  208. <td></td>
  209. <td></td>
  210. <td></td>
  211. </tr>
  212. <tr>
  213. <td ALIGN=CENTER>
  214. <center><a href="pages/340acsw.htm"><img SRC="340acsw.jpg" ALT="340acsw" BORDER=0 height=99 width=150></a></center>
  215. </td>
  216. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Two men hunting a pig on
  217. a bronze buckle found at Lijiashan, Jiangchuan county. Warring States period,
  218. 475 to 221 BC.</font></font></td>
  219. <td ALIGN=CENTER><a href="pages/346asw.htm"><img SRC="346asw.jpg" ALT="346asw" BORDER=0 height=112 width=150></a></td>
  220. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Chickens surround this rectangular
  221. bronze buckle found at Lijiashan, Jiangchuan county. Western Han Dynasty
  222. 206 BC to 8 AD</font></font></td>
  223. <td ALIGN=CENTER></td>
  224. </tr>
  225. <tr>
  226. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/340acsw.htm">Hunting
  227. Pig</a></font></font></td>
  228. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP></td>
  229. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/346asw.htm">Chickens</a></font></font></td>
  230. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP></td>
  231. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP></td>
  232. </tr>
  233. <tr>
  234. <td><img SRC="spacer.jpg" height=15 width=4><a NAME="row6"></a></td>
  235. <td></td>
  236. <td></td>
  237. <td></td>
  238. <td></td>
  239. </tr>
  240. <tr>
  241. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>A man hunting a deer is
  242. depicted on this two dimensional buckle found at Shizhaishan, Jinning county.
  243. Warring States period, 475 to 221 BC.</font></font></td>
  244. <td>
  245. <center><a href="pages/349acshw.htm"><img SRC="349acshw.jpg" ALT="349acshw" BORDER=0 height=136 width=150></a></center>
  246. </td>
  247. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>A deer hunter is again depicted
  248. on a three dimensional bronze buckle found at Lijiashan, Jiangchuan county.
  249. Western Han Dynasty 206 BC to 8 AD</font></font></td>
  250. <td>
  251. <center><a href="pages/352acw.htm"><img SRC="352acw.jpg" ALT="352acw" BORDER=0 height=77 width=150></a></center>
  252. </td>
  253. <td></td>
  254. </tr>
  255. <tr>
  256. <td></td>
  257. <td>
  258. <center><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/349acshw.htm">Hunting
  259. Deer</a></font></font></center>
  260. </td>
  261. <td></td>
  262. <td>
  263. <center><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/352acw.htm">Deer
  264. Hunter</a></font></font></center>
  265. </td>
  266. <td></td>
  267. </tr>
  268. <tr>
  269. <td><img SRC="spacer.jpg" height=15 width=4><a NAME="row7"></a></td>
  270. <td></td>
  271. <td></td>
  272. <td></td>
  273. <td></td>
  274. </tr>
  275. <tr>
  276. <td ALIGN=CENTER><a href="pages/354acshw2.htm"><img SRC="354acshw2.jpg" ALT="354acshw2" BORDER=0 height=113 width=150></a></td>
  277. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Two men hunting deer on
  278. this bronze buckle from the Warring States period, 475 to 221 BC.&nbsp;
  279. Found at Lijiashan, Jiangchuan county.&nbsp;</font></font></td>
  280. <td ALIGN=CENTER></td>
  281. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Eight men hunting a tiger
  282. on a buckle found at Shizhaishan, Jinning county. Western Han Dynasty 206
  283. BC to 8 AD</font></font></td>
  284. <td ALIGN=CENTER><a href="pages/361acsshw.htm"><img SRC="361acsshw.jpg" ALT="361acsshw" BORDER=0 height=95 width=150></a></td>
  285. </tr>
  286. <tr>
  287. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/354acshw2.htm">Two
  288. Deer Hunters</a></font></font></td>
  289. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP></td>
  290. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP></td>
  291. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP></td>
  292. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/361acsshw.htm">Hunting
  293. Tiger</a></font></font></td>
  294. </tr>
  295. <tr>
  296. <td><img SRC="spacer.jpg" height=15 width=4><a NAME="row8"></a></td>
  297. <td></td>
  298. <td></td>
  299. <td></td>
  300. <td></td>
  301. </tr>
  302. <tr>
  303. <td ALIGN=CENTER><a href="pages/358a2midlev1shcw.htm"><img SRC="358a2midlev1shcw.jpg" ALT="358a2midlev1shcw" BORDER=0 height=106 width=150></a></td>
  304. <td ALIGN=CENTER><a href="pages/363ac2midlevshw1.htm"><img SRC="363ac2midlevshw1.jpg" ALT="363ac2midlevshw1" BORDER=0 height=107 width=150></a></td>
  305. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>On the left, bronze buckles showing oxen mating and a man feeding an ox were found at Lijiashan, Jiangchuan county. Western Han Dynasty 206 BC to 8 AD.&nbsp; On the right, two men rope an ox on a gilded bronze buckle found at Shizhaishan, Jinning county also dated to the Western Han period.&nbsp; Note the use of a snake to form the ground pattern.</font></font></td>
  306. <td ALIGN=CENTER><a href="pages/366acshw.htm"><img SRC="366acshw.jpg" ALT="366acshw" BORDER=0 height=99 width=150></a></td>
  307. <td ALIGN=CENTER><a href="pages/369acsshw.htm"><img SRC="369acsshw.jpg" ALT="369acsshw" BORDER=0 height=120 width=150></a></td>
  308. </tr>
  309. <tr>
  310. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/358a2midlev1shcw.htm">Oxen
  311. Mating</a></font></font></td>
  312. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/363ac2midlevshw1.htm">Feeding
  313. an Ox</a></font></font></td>
  314. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP></td>
  315. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/366acshw.htm">Roping
  316. an Ox</a></font></font></td>
  317. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/369acsshw.htm">Roping
  318. an Ox - Detail</a></font></font></td>
  319. </tr>
  320. <tr>
  321. <td ALIGN=CENTER><img SRC="spacer.jpg" height=15 width=4><a NAME="row9"></a></td>
  322. <td ALIGN=CENTER></td>
  323. <td ALIGN=CENTER></td>
  324. <td ALIGN=CENTER></td>
  325. <td ALIGN=CENTER></td>
  326. </tr>
  327. <tr>
  328. <td><img SRC="spacer.jpg" height=15 width=4></td>
  329. <td></td>
  330. <td></td>
  331. <td></td>
  332. <td></td>
  333. </tr>
  334. <tr>
  335. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>The cloud design is used
  336. extensively throughout the history of Chinese art.&nbsp; Here it is found
  337. in a circular buckle, about 6 inches in diameter.&nbsp; Found at Shizhaishan,
  338. Jinning county. Western Han Dynasty 206 BC to 8 AD</font></font></td>
  339. <td>
  340. <center><a href="pages/371acsshw.htm"><img SRC="371acsshw.jpg" ALT="371acsshw" BORDER=0 height=124 width=150></a></center>
  341. </td>
  342. <td></td>
  343. <td>
  344. <center><a href="pages/377ashw.htm"><img SRC="377ashw.jpg" ALT="377ashw" BORDER=0 height=112 width=150></a></center>
  345. </td>
  346. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Monkeys decorate the edge
  347. of this gilded bronze buckle.&nbsp; Found at Shizhaishan, Jinning county.
  348. Western Han Dynasty 206 BC to 8 AD</font></font></td>
  349. </tr>
  350. <tr>
  351. <td></td>
  352. <td>
  353. <center><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/371acsshw.htm">Clouds</a></font></font></center>
  354. </td>
  355. <td></td>
  356. <td>
  357. <center><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/377ashw.htm">Monkeys</a></font></font></center>
  358. </td>
  359. <td></td>
  360. </tr>
  361. <tr>
  362. <td><img SRC="spacer.jpg" height=15 width=4><a NAME="row10"></a></td>
  363. <td></td>
  364. <td></td>
  365. <td></td>
  366. <td></td>
  367. </tr>
  368. <tr>
  369. <td>
  370. <center><a href="pages/381acshw.htm"><img SRC="381acshw.jpg" ALT="381acshw" BORDER=0 height=80 width=150></a></center>
  371. </td>
  372. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Gold buckle found at Yangfutou,
  373. Guandu district. Western Han Dynasty 206 BC to 8 AD</font></font></td>
  374. <td>
  375. <center><a href="pages/384acshw30.htm"><img SRC="384acshw30.jpg" ALT="384acshw30" BORDER=0 height=87 width=150></a></center>
  376. </td>
  377. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Two views of a buckle depicting
  378. an ox fight.&nbsp; You can almost hear the people placing bets.&nbsp;
  379. Found at Shizhaishan, Jinning county. Western Han Dynasty 206 BC to 8 AD</font></font></td>
  380. <td>
  381. <center><a href="pages/387acshw.htm"><img SRC="387acshw.jpg" ALT="387acshw" BORDER=0 height=92 width=150></a></center>
  382. </td>
  383. </tr>
  384. <tr>
  385. <td>
  386. <center><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/381acshw.htm">Gold
  387. Buckle</a></font></font></center>
  388. </td>
  389. <td></td>
  390. <td>
  391. <center><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/384acshw30.htm">Ox
  392. Fight 1</a></font></font></center>
  393. </td>
  394. <td></td>
  395. <td>
  396. <center><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/387acshw.htm">Ox
  397. Fight 2</a></font></font></center>
  398. </td>
  399. </tr>
  400. <tr>
  401. <td><img SRC="spacer.jpg" height=15 width=4><a NAME="row11"></a></td>
  402. <td></td>
  403. <td></td>
  404. <td></td>
  405. <td></td>
  406. </tr>
  407. <tr>
  408. <td><a href="pages/389acshw.htm"><img SRC="389acshw.jpg" ALT="389acshw" BORDER=0 height=104 width=150></a></td>
  409. <td>
  410. <center><a href="pages/393ac2shw.htm"><img SRC="393ac2shw.jpg" ALT="393ac2shw" BORDER=0 height=109 width=150></a></center>
  411. </td>
  412. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>The two buckles to the left
  413. were found at Shizhaishan, Jinning county. They depict tigers attacking
  414. a wild pig and three tigers carrying an ox.&nbsp; Both date from the Western
  415. Han Dynasty 206 BC to 8 AD</font></font></td>
  416. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>An earlier buckle found
  417. at Lijiashan, Jiangchuan county, Warring States period, 475 to 221 BC has
  418. a similar theme.&nbsp; Three wolves attacking a goat.</font></font></td>
  419. <td>
  420. <center><a href="pages/396acshw.htm"><img SRC="396acshw.jpg" ALT="396acshw" BORDER=0 height=91 width=150></a></center>
  421. </td>
  422. </tr>
  423. <tr>
  424. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/389acshw.htm">Tigers
  425. Attacking</a></font></font></td>
  426. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/393ac2shw.htm">Carrying
  427. an Ox</a></font></font></td>
  428. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP></td>
  429. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP></td>
  430. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/396acshw.htm">Wolves
  431. Attacking</a></font></font></td>
  432. </tr>
  433. <tr>
  434. <td><img SRC="spacer.jpg" height=15 width=4><a NAME="row12"></a></td>
  435. <td></td>
  436. <td></td>
  437. <td></td>
  438. <td></td>
  439. </tr>
  440. <tr>
  441. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>The statue of a woman on
  442. the right is about 1 and a half feet tall.&nbsp; Found at Shizhaishan,
  443. Jinning county. Western Han Dynasty 206 BC to 8 AD</font></font></td>
  444. <td ALIGN=CENTER><a href="pages/399acshw.htm"><img SRC="399acshw.jpg" ALT="399acshw" BORDER=0 height=150 width=62></a></td>
  445. <td ALIGN=CENTER><a href="pages/400ashw.htm"><img SRC="400ashw.jpg" ALT="400ashw" BORDER=0 height=150 width=112></a></td>
  446. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>The kneeling man on the
  447. right was found at Lijiashan, Jiangchuan county. Western Han Dynasty 206
  448. BC to 8 AD</font></font></td>
  449. <td ALIGN=CENTER><a href="pages/407acshw.htm"><img SRC="407acshw.jpg" ALT="407acshw" BORDER=0 height=150 width=91></a></td>
  450. </tr>
  451. <tr>
  452. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP></td>
  453. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/399acshw.htm">Woman</a></font></font></td>
  454. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/400ashw.htm">Detail
  455. of Woman</a></font></font></td>
  456. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP></td>
  457. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/407acshw.htm">Kneeling
  458. Man</a></font></font></td>
  459. </tr>
  460. <tr>
  461. <td><img SRC="spacer.jpg" height=15 width=4><a NAME="row13"></a></td>
  462. <td></td>
  463. <td></td>
  464. <td></td>
  465. <td></td>
  466. </tr>
  467. <tr>
  468. <td>
  469. <center><a href="pages/427ashw.htm"><img SRC="427ashw.jpg" ALT="427ashw" BORDER=0 height=150 width=112></a></center>
  470. </td>
  471. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>The figure of a crouching
  472. woman is slightly smaller than the previous two.&nbsp; It's about a foot
  473. tall.&nbsp; Found at Shizhaishan, Jinning county. Western Han Dynasty 206
  474. BC to 8 AD</font></font></td>
  475. <td>&nbsp;</td>
  476. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>This table includes the
  477. figures of an ox and tiger.&nbsp; Found at Lijiashan, Jiangchuan county,
  478. Warring States period, 475 to 221 BC</font></font></td>
  479. <td>
  480. <center><a href="pages/401ashw.htm"><img SRC="401ashw.jpg" ALT="401ashw" BORDER=0 height=112 width=150></a></center>
  481. </td>
  482. </tr>
  483. <tr>
  484. <td>
  485. <center><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/427ashw.htm">Woman</a></font></font></center>
  486. </td>
  487. <td></td>
  488. <td>&nbsp;</td>
  489. <td></td>
  490. <td>
  491. <center><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/401ashw.htm">Table</a></font></font></center>
  492. </td>
  493. </tr>
  494. <tr>
  495. <td><img SRC="spacer.jpg" height=15 width=4><a NAME="row14"></a></td>
  496. <td></td>
  497. <td></td>
  498. <td></td>
  499. <td></td>
  500. </tr>
  501. <tr>
  502. <td ALIGN=CENTER>
  503. <center><a href="pages/414acshw.htm"><img SRC="414acshw.jpg" ALT="414acshw" BORDER=0 height=102 width=150></a></center>
  504. </td>
  505. <td ALIGN=CENTER>
  506. <center><a href="pages/415acshw.htm"><img SRC="415acshw.jpg" ALT="415acshw" BORDER=0 height=116 width=150></a></center>
  507. </td>
  508. <td ALIGN=CENTER>
  509. <center><a href="pages/419ashw.htm"><img SRC="419ashw.jpg" ALT="419ashw" BORDER=0 height=112 width=150></a></center>
  510. </td>
  511. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>The jewelry on the left
  512. was found at Lijiashan, Jiangchuan county. Western Han Dynasty 206 BC to
  513. 8 AD.&nbsp; The jade bracelet on the right was also found there but dates
  514. from the Eastern Han Dynasty 25 to 220 AD&nbsp;</font></font></td>
  515. <td ALIGN=CENTER>
  516. <center><a href="pages/430acw.htm"><img SRC="430acw.jpg" ALT="430acw" BORDER=0 height=115 width=150></a></center>
  517. </td>
  518. </tr>
  519. <tr>
  520. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/414acshw.htm">Necklaces
  521. 1</a></font></font></td>
  522. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/415acshw.htm">Necklaces
  523. 2</a></font></font></td>
  524. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/419ashw.htm">Bronze
  525. and gilded catches</a></font></font></td>
  526. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP></td>
  527. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/430acw.htm">Jade
  528. Bracelet</a></font></font></td>
  529. </tr>
  530. <tr>
  531. <td><img SRC="spacer.jpg" height=15 width=4><a NAME="row15"></a></td>
  532. <td></td>
  533. <td></td>
  534. <td></td>
  535. <td></td>
  536. </tr>
  537. <tr>
  538. <td ALIGN=CENTER><a href="pages/435acw.htm"><img SRC="435acw.jpg" ALT="435acw" BORDER=0 height=150 width=107></a></td>
  539. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>The malachite necklace to
  540. the left and the agate necklace to the right were found at Shizhaishan,
  541. Jinning county. Western Han Dynasty 206 BC to 8 AD</font></font></td>
  542. <td ALIGN=CENTER><a href="pages/440acshw.htm"><img SRC="440acshw.jpg" ALT="440acshw" BORDER=0 height=150 width=95></a></td>
  543. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>This very wide jade bracelet
  544. could not have been comfortable to wear.&nbsp; Found at Lijiashan, Jiangchuan
  545. county. Western Han Dynasty 206 BC to 8 AD</font></font></td>
  546. <td ALIGN=CENTER><a href="pages/438acpshw.htm"><img SRC="438acpshw.jpg" ALT="438acpshw" BORDER=0 height=124 width=150></a></td>
  547. </tr>
  548. <tr>
  549. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/435acw.htm">Malachite
  550. Necklace</a></font></font></td>
  551. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP></td>
  552. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/440acshw.htm">Agate
  553. Necklace</a></font></font></td>
  554. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP></td>
  555. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/438acpshw.htm">Wide
  556. Jade Bracelet</a></font></font></td>
  557. </tr>
  558. <tr>
  559. <td><img SRC="spacer.jpg" height=15 width=4><a NAME="row16"></a></td>
  560. <td></td>
  561. <td></td>
  562. <td></td>
  563. <td></td>
  564. </tr>
  565. <tr>
  566. <td>
  567. <center><a href="pages/447acshw.htm"><img SRC="447acshw.jpg" ALT="447acshw" BORDER=0 height=148 width=150></a></center>
  568. </td>
  569. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Peacock shows attention
  570. to ornamentation.&nbsp; Found at Lijiashan, Jiangchuan county. Western Han
  571. Dynasty 206 BC to 8 AD</font></font></td>
  572. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>The two cowrie containers
  573. on the right date from the Western Han Dynasty 206 BC to 8 AD.&nbsp; The
  574. first was found at Lijiashan and the second at Shizhaishan.&nbsp; Many
  575. cowrie containers have figures at the side to be used as handles.</font></font></td>
  576. <td>
  577. <center><a href="pages/321acdksw.htm"><img SRC="321acdksw.jpg" ALT="321acdksw" BORDER=0 height=139 width=150></a></center>
  578. </td>
  579. <td>
  580. <center><a href="pages/450acshw.htm"><img SRC="450acshw.jpg" ALT="450acshw" BORDER=0 height=150 width=86></a></center>
  581. </td>
  582. </tr>
  583. <tr>
  584. <td>
  585. <center><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/447acshw.htm">Peacock</a></font></font></center>
  586. </td>
  587. <td></td>
  588. <td></td>
  589. <td>
  590. <center><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/321acdksw.htm">Cowrie
  591. Container</a></font></font></center>
  592. </td>
  593. <td>
  594. <center><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/450acshw.htm">Cowrie
  595. Container</a></font></font></center>
  596. </td>
  597. </tr>
  598. <tr>
  599. <td><img SRC="spacer.jpg" height=15 width=4><a NAME="row17"></a></td>
  600. <td></td>
  601. <td></td>
  602. <td></td>
  603. <td></td>
  604. </tr>
  605. <tr>
  606. <td>
  607. <center><img SRC="467ashw.jpg" ALT="467ashw" BORDER=0 height=150 width=142></center>
  608. </td>
  609. <td>
  610. <center><a href="pages/465acshw.htm"><img SRC="465acshw.jpg" ALT="465acshw" BORDER=0 height=150 width=147></a></center>
  611. </td>
  612. <td>
  613. <center><a href="pages/456ashw.htm"><img SRC="456ashw.jpg" ALT="456ashw" BORDER=0 height=112 width=150></a></center>
  614. </td>
  615. <td>
  616. <center><a href="pages/458ashw.htm"><img SRC="458ashw.jpg" ALT="458ashw" BORDER=0 height=112 width=150></a></center>
  617. </td>
  618. <td>
  619. <center><a href="pages/459ablshw.htm"><img SRC="459ablshw.jpg" ALT="459ablshw" BORDER=0 height=150 width=112></a></center>
  620. </td>
  621. </tr>
  622. <tr>
  623. <td>
  624. <center><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/467ashw.htm">Tribute
  625. 1</a></font></font></center>
  626. </td>
  627. <td>
  628. <center><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/465acshw.htm">Tribute
  629. 2</a></font></font></center>
  630. </td>
  631. <td>
  632. <center><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/456ashw.htm">Tribute
  633. 3</a></font></font></center>
  634. </td>
  635. <td>
  636. <center><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/458ashw.htm">Tribute
  637. 4</a></font></font></center>
  638. </td>
  639. <td>
  640. <center><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/459ablshw.htm">Tribute
  641. 5</a></font></font></center>
  642. </td>
  643. </tr>
  644. <tr>
  645. <td><img SRC="spacer.jpg" height=15 width=4><img SRC="spacer.jpg" height=15 width=4><a NAME="row18"></a></td>
  646. <td></td>
  647. <td></td>
  648. <td></td>
  649. <td></td>
  650. </tr>
  651. <tr>
  652. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>The cowrie container shown
  653. above depicts a ceremony or occasion when the people were offering tribute.&nbsp;
  654. All sorts of animals and objects are included. Found at Shizhaishan, Jinning
  655. county. Western Han Dynasty 206 BC to 8 AD</font></font></td>
  656. <td ALIGN=CENTER></td>
  657. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>The umbrella to the right
  658. measures about 18 inches across and was found at Lijiashan, Jiangchuan
  659. county, Warring States period, 475 to 221 BC</font></font></td>
  660. <td ALIGN=CENTER><a href="pages/470acshw30.htm"><img SRC="470acshw30.jpg" ALT="470acshw30" BORDER=0 height=112 width=150></a></td>
  661. <td ALIGN=CENTER><a href="pages/474acshw30.htm"><img SRC="474acshw30.jpg" ALT="474acshw30" BORDER=0 height=109 width=150></a></td>
  662. </tr>
  663. <tr>
  664. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP></td>
  665. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP></td>
  666. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP></td>
  667. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/470acshw30.htm">Umbrella</a></font></font></td>
  668. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/474acshw30.htm">Umbrella
  669. 2</a></font></font></td>
  670. </tr>
  671. <tr>
  672. <td><img SRC="spacer.jpg" height=15 width=4><a NAME="row19"></a></td>
  673. <td></td>
  674. <td></td>
  675. <td></td>
  676. <td></td>
  677. </tr>
  678. <tr>
  679. <td ALIGN=CENTER><a href="pages/479acshw.htm"><img SRC="479acshw.jpg" ALT="479acshw" BORDER=0 height=150 width=37></a></td>
  680. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>A man sits atop this spoon
  681. which must have served as a dipper.&nbsp; Found at Lijiashan, Jiangchuan
  682. county, Warring States period, 475 to 221 BC</font></font></td>
  683. <td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>The dagger or axe on the
  684. right would have been ceremonial rather than practical. Found at Shizhaishan,
  685. Jinning county. Western Han Dynasty 206 BC to 8 AD</font></font></td>
  686. <td ALIGN=CENTER><a href="pages/483bshw.htm"><img SRC="483bshw.jpg" ALT="483bshw" BORDER=0 height=112 width=150></a></td>
  687. <td ALIGN=CENTER><a href="pages/485ashw.htm"><img SRC="485ashw.jpg" ALT="485ashw" BORDER=0 height=112 width=150></a></td>
  688. </tr>
  689. <tr>
  690. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/479acshw.htm">Spoon</a></font></font></td>
  691. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP></td>
  692. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP></td>
  693. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/483bshw.htm">Dagger
  694. Detail</a></font></font></td>
  695. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><a href="pages/485ashw.htm">Dagger</a></font></font></td>
  696. </tr>
  697. <tr>
  698. <td ALIGN=CENTER></td>
  699. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp;</td>
  700. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp;</td>
  701. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp;</td>
  702. <td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp;</td>
  703. </tr>
  704. </table></center>
  705. <br>&nbsp;
  706. <br>
  707. <blockquote>
  708. <blockquote>
  709. </blockquote>
  710. <div align="center">
  711. <div align="left">
  712. <hr>
  713. <hr>
  714. <div align="left">
  715. <font size="-1">
  716. <hr>
  717. </font></div>
  718. <div align="left">
  719. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Return to the <font class="verdana" size="+1"><a class=white href="http://hua.umf.maine.edu/China/china.html">China Page and Main Menu </a></font></p>
  720. </div>
  721. <div align="left">
  722. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Go to <font class="verdana"><a class=white href="http://hua.umf.maine.edu/China/beijing.html">Beijing</a> | <font class="verdana"><a class=white href="http://hua.umf.maine.edu/China/beijing3.html">Active Beijing</a> | <font class="verdana"><a class=white href="http://hua.umf.maine.edu/China/great.html">Great Wall</a> | <font class="verdana"><a class=white href="http://hua.umf.maine.edu/China/xian.html">Xi'an</a> | <font class="verdana"><a class=white href="http://hua.umf.maine.edu/China/shanghai1.html">Shanghai</a></font></p>
  723. </div>
  724. <div align="left">
  725. <p><font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Go to <font class="verdana"><a class=white href="http://hua.umf.maine.edu/China/beijing2.html">History of Beijing in Pictures</a> | <font class="verdana" size="1"><a class=white href="http://hua.umf.maine.edu/China/beijing4.html">Modern Beijing in Pictures</a> | <font class="verdana"<font class="verdana" size="1"><a class=white href="http://hua.umf.maine.edu/China/beijing4.html"><a class=white href="http://hua.umf.maine.edu/China/great2.html">Great Wall Pictures</a> | <font class="verdana"><a class=white href="http://hua.umf.maine.edu/China/xian2.html">Xi'an Pictures</a> | <font class="verdana"><a class=white href="http://hua.umf.maine.edu/China/shanghai3.html">Historic Shanghai Suzhou in Pictures</a> | <font class="verdana"><a class=white href="http://hua.umf.maine.edu/China/shanghai2.html">Modern Shanghai, Bund, Pudong in Pictures</a></font></p>
  726. </div>
  727. <div align="left">
  728. <font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"></font></div>
  729. </div>
  730. <div align="left">
  731. </div>
  732. <div align="left">
  733. <font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
  734. <hr>
  735. </font></div>
  736. <hr>
  737. </div>
  738. <p>&nbsp;</p>
  739. </blockquote>
  740. <font size="-1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">&copy; </font><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Marilyn Shea, 2004: October 2009</font></font><br>
  741. <font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>University of Maine at Farmington</font></font>
  742. </body>
  743. </html>