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- <td BGCOLOR="#C0C0C0"><blockquote>
- <blockquote><blockquote>
- <font face="verdana, arial, helvetica, sans serif"
- size="-1">Henry Mackenzie (1745-1831) <br>
- Scottish poet, novelist and political writer<br>
- <b>The Man of Feeling</b> (1771)<br>
- <b>The Man of the World</b> 1773) <br>
- <b>Julia de Roubigne</b> (1777)<br>
- <br>
- <b>Letters of Brutus</b> (April 1790) began to appear in the <i>Edinburgh Herald</i> <br>
- <b>Letters of Brutus to Certain Celebrated Political Characters</b> (1791)
- </font></blockquote></blockquote>
- </blockquote>
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- <tr>
- <td><blockquote><blockquote><blockquote>
- <blockquote>
- <p><font face="verdana, arial, helvetica, sans serif" size="-1"><i><br>
- The
- Letters of Brutus to Certain Celebrated Political Characters</i> was
- published in Edinburgh, Scotland. The letters are addressed to
- particular anonymous characters (who can be identified by their actions and
- reputations within the letters) by an anonymous writer. The
- letters critique and scold. In the first, to Lieutenant General
- B***, Mackenzie reminds the General of his own past to curb his
- political activities and criticisms of others. </font></p>
- <p><font face="verdana, arial, helvetica, sans serif" size="-1">The
- Mackenzie letters by coincidence or happenstance share the same
- pseudonym with letters written by Robert Yates in the United States during the same period.
- Yates addressed his letters "To the citizens of the State of New-York"
- and wrote to espouse a strong anti-Federalist stance. Yates'
- letters were published in the <i>New York Journal</i> from October 1787
- to April 1788. It is certainly possible that Mackenzie heard of
- them, even if he did not read them. It is also possible that he
- had no knowledge of the "other" Brutus.</font></p>
- <p><font face="verdana, arial, helvetica, sans serif" size="-1">Marcus
- Junius Brutus Caepio (85 BC – 42 BC) was, of course, the protégé who
- helped to kill Caesar. He can be seen as one who would betray
- trust, but he is also an icon of resisting strong centralized power.
- He feared for the future of the Republic of Rome, as Caesar declared
- himself Emperor and worked to limit the powers of the Senate. He
- was forced to flee Rome because those who had supported Caesar and his
- goals still held power. Thus, he is also symbolic of those who
- must be careful as they feint and parry with words for fear of reprisal.
- He has also lent another name to authors who write in fear -- Junius.
- In the Advertisement for <i>Letters of Brutus</i> there is a reference
- to an earlier Junius (wrote 1767 through 1772), and during the World War I a Junius Pamphlet
- (written by Rosa Luxemburg while in prison) gave
- a vivid account of the abuse of power. (see resources below).</font></p>
- <p><font face="verdana, arial, helvetica, sans serif" size="-1">
- Mackenzie probably didn't have to fear for his life when he wrote, but
- the open critiques which he leveled could certainly have been met with
- reprisals. He was not one to mince words, he said of Thomas Paine,
- "He possesses that vulgar eloquence which a vigorous mind untutored by
- classical education, and unrestrained by delicacy or taste, has an
- advantage in exhibiting; and he derives credit from the very want of
- qualities which finer minds are at pains to cultivate . . ." Like
- the Brutus in America at the time, Mackenzie was a conservative who
- mistrusted centralized power and mistrusted those who held either power
- or popularity.</font></p>
- <p><font face="verdana, arial, helvetica, sans serif" size="-1"><i>The
- Letters of Brutus to Certain Celebrated Political Characters</i> is only
- 91 pages long. Below you will find the frontispiece of the first
- edition, as well as the Advertisement, table of contents and the first six
- letters.<br>
- </font></p>
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- <font face="verdana, arial, helvetica, sans serif" size="-1" color="#FFFFFF">
- The letters often end with a bang. </font></p>
- <p align="left">
- <font face="verdana, arial, helvetica, sans serif" size="-1" color="#FFFFFF">
- Page 83, the last paragraph:</font></p>
- <blockquote>
- <p align="left">
- <font face="verdana, arial, helvetica, sans serif" size="-1" color="#FFFFFF">
- I cannot be allured by the hope of
- reward; and it can alarm none but
- bad men, to be told, that falsehood is
- the only danger I shall fear.</font></p>
- <p align="left">
- <font face="verdana, arial, helvetica, sans serif" size="-1" color="#FFFFFF">
- BRUTUS</font></p>
- <p align="left">
- <font face="verdana, arial, helvetica, sans serif" size="-1" color="#FFFFFF">
- January 17</font><sup><font size="-1" color="#FFFFFF" face="Verdana">th</font></sup><font face="verdana, arial, helvetica, sans serif" size="-1" color="#FFFFFF">
- 1791.</font></p>
- </blockquote>
- </td>
- <td align="center">
- <a href="pictures/Brutus/4420Mackenzie_Brutus_wl.jpg">
- <img border="0" src="pictures/Brutus/4420Mackenzie_Brutus_w.jpg" width="300" height="400"></a></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td colspan="2">
- <p align="center">
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td colspan="2" align="center">
- <font face="verdana, arial, helvetica, sans serif" size="-1" color="#FFFFFF">
- The enlargements of the book are sufficient for easy reading
- -- they will be a slow download on a modem. The
- photographs of the book by Mackenzie
- may be used freely on non-commercial sites (no
- advertisements) and for educational purposes.</font></td>
- </tr>
- </table>
- </div>
- <p><font face="verdana, arial, helvetica, sans serif"
- size="-1">
- <br>
- <br>
- </font></p>
- </blockquote>
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td BGCOLOR="#C0C0C0"><blockquote>
- <blockquote><font face="verdana, arial, helvetica, sans serif"
- size="-1"><b>Further
- Resources:</b><br>
- <br>
- <span
- style="text-decoration: underline;">
- <a href="http://www.lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~matsuoka/Perrius-Mackenzie.html">
- <i>Brief summary of the Life and work of Henry Mackenzie</i></a></span>
- by Matsuoka, at Nagoya University<br>
- <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br>
- </span>The text of <i>
- <a href="http://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1915/junius/"> The
- Junius Pamphlet</a> </i>-- by Rosa Luxemburg, published 1916,
- commentary on the Nazi regime<br>
- <br>
- <i>
- <a href="http://www.flonnet.com/fl2204/stories/20050225000608000.htm">
- The invectives of Junius</a></i>
- -- an essay by A.G. Noorani giving an account of the Letters of Junius,
- 1769</font><p>
- <font face="verdana, arial, helvetica, sans serif"
- size="-1"><a href="http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/m_brutus.html">Marcus
- Brutus</a> by Plutarch, hypertext on the web at M.I.T. <br><br><br>
- <a href="http://www.americanrevolution.com/RobertYates.htm">Robert
- Yates</a> background information from American Revolution</font></p>
- <p>
- <font face="verdana, arial, helvetica, sans serif" size="-1">
- <a href="http://www.constitution.org/afp/brutus00.htm">Robert Yates</a>'
- Brutus letters in html by Jon Roland of the Constitution Society</font></p>
- <p><font face="verdana, arial, helvetica, sans serif" size="-1"><br><br><br><br><br> (c) Marilyn Shea, 2005<br> <br>
- </font></p>
- </blockquote>
- </blockquote></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td BGCOLOR="#C0C0C0"> </td>
- </tr>
- </table>
- </body>
- </html>
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