TP3/shell/tests/exec/rtdrv.s

# rtdrv.s -- call runtime entries, with known arguments, and report what
# happened.  Assembled by tests/rt_exec.py into a complete .COM image.
#
# This replaces the Unicorn harness.  The expectations did not change; only the
# machine did.  Everything here exists because qemu, unlike an emulator with a
# Python API, gives you one thing: a serial port.  So a check has to be
# expressed as a program that reports on itself.
#
# The report is a framed record on the serial port:
#
#     01 <case index, 2 hex digits> 02  <whatever the entries printed>  03
#     <dumplen bytes at dumpaddr, 2 hex digits each>                  04
#
# The four control bytes occur in no expected output, and rt_exec.py REFUSES to
# run a case whose expectation contains one -- so a marker can never be mistaken
# for output, and a driver that emitted nothing is a parse failure rather than
# a silent pass.
#
# Why one qemu boot per check instead of one boot for all of them: the runtime
# keeps state that outlives a call -- the one-character pushback slot, and the
# input cursor the boot sector's INT 21h shim owns.  One boot for everything
# would make each check depend on the ones before it, so a check could fail
# because of its neighbour and a green run would prove less than it appears to.
# A boot costs about a tenth of a second and 35 of them cost under four, which
# buys every check a machine that has provably never executed anything.  (The
# input descriptor is still re-armed on every boot, because it lives in the
# image and the image is the same bytes each time.)
#
# Two things about the 8086 shape the code below, and both were found by
# running it rather than by reading it:
#
#   * Every entry preserves BP and SP and NO other register.  So the cursor
#     into the case record is BP: a loop counter in CX or DI would be destroyed
#     by the first call.  The entry's own BP frame is pushed and restored, so
#     our BP comes back.
#
#   * `movb n(%bp), %cl' leaves the HIGH byte of CX exactly as it was.  Reading
#     the input length that way and then writing CX to INLEN handed the boot
#     sector's INT 21h shim a 16-bit length with an undefined top half.  The
#     8086 has no memory-to-memory move and no zero-extending byte load, so the
#     high half has to be cleared by hand, every time.
#
#   * `dec' sets the sign flag from the RESULT, so `decw cnt / js done' runs the
#     body for cnt = 1 (1 -> 0, SF clear) and stops on the wrap (0 -> FFFF).
#     It reads like an off-by-one and is not; the comment at the loop says so
#     again because the next person will wonder.
#
# The image is assembled in ONE piece, here, so every address is a label or an
# .org and nothing has to be agreed with Python in two places.  What Python does
# have to agree about -- the runtime's base, and the input descriptor -- is
# checked rather than trusted: it assembles this file and then asserts that the
# blob it got from RtProbe really is at RT_BASE in the bytes that came out.

	.set	LOAD_BIAS, 0x0100	# a .COM lives at CS:0100 (that is the PSP)
	.set	SOH, 0x01
	.set	STX, 0x02
	.set	ETX, 0x03
	.set	EOT, 0x04

# Restated from tests/exec/bootcom.s's layout block ON PURPOSE.  A harness that
# asks the boot sector where its input buffer is proves only that the two agree
# with each other; two independent statements of the same layout have to be
# written down, and a disagreement is a loud failure rather than a program that
# is fed nothing.  (Same reasoning, and the same lesson, as the hard-coded
# RT_SZ that run_com_tests.sh used to carry: the descriptor has to be where the
# shim looks, and the only way to be sure is to have written both down and
# checked.)
	.set	INLEN, 0x2000		# word: how many input bytes follow
	.set	INCUR, 0x2002		# word: index into INBUF, NOT an address
	.set	INBUF, 0x2004		# the bytes themselves

# The case record, as rt_exec.py writes it.  These offsets are the contract; the
# two places that read them (this file, and case_bytes() over there) are
# separate statements of it on purpose, and the cases only pass if both are
# right.  SLOT0 is the one that was wrong the first time round.
	.set	OFF_DUMPLEN, 0	# word  how many bytes to report
	.set	OFF_DUMPADR, 2	# word  image offset to report them from
	.set	OFF_INLEN, 4	# byte  bytes of input to hand the shim
	.set	OFF_INBUF, 5	# byte  inbuf[8]
	.set	OFF_CASE, 13	# byte  the index printed in the header
	.set	OFF_NCALLS, 14	# word  how many call slots follow
	.set	SLOT0, 16		#      call slots, 12 bytes each:
					#      +0 word entry, +2 word arg A,
					#      +4 byte flags, +5 pad,
					#      +6 word arg B, +8 word CX,
					#      +10 pad
	.set	SLOT_SZ, 12
	.set	CASE_SZ, 64		# 16 + 4 slots

# The image layout.  RT_BASE is where the runtime blob goes; everything else is
# above 0x0800 so that a runtime which grew by a few hundred bytes would not
# silently run into the test scaffolding.  rt_exec.py asserts
# RT_BASE + blob size <= HDR, so the bound is a checked one.
	.set	RT_BASE, 0x0190
	.set	HDR, 0x0A00
	.set	DATA, 0x0A10
	.set	DLEN, 32			# bytes of data area for initmem to clear
	.set	STORE, 0x0A40		# where a read entry's result is stored
	.set	WSTR, 0x0A50		# a string for the wrstr case: length + chars
	.set	WSTR_EMPTY, 0x0A58	# the same, with a length of 0
	.set	CASE, 0x0A60		# the case record
	.set	D_DUMPLEN, 0x0AA0	# the driver's own three words
	.set	D_DUMPADR, 0x0AA2
	.set	D_CNT, 0x0AA4
	.set	D_AX, 0x0AA6		# last call's AX, for the comparison cases
	.set	RDSTR_DST, 0x0AB0	# destination for the rdstr cases
	.set	SST_HELLO, 0x0AC0	# a short source string for strstore
	.set	SST_LONG, 0x0AD0	# a source longer than a small max
	.set	SST_EMPTY, 0x0AE0	# an empty source string
	.set	SST_DST, 0x0AF0		# destination for the strstore cases
	.set	SST_CAT, 0x0B00		# destination for the strcat cases, with a
					# length to append to -- unlike SST_DST,
					# which strstore overwrites
	.set	SST_CAT0, 0x0B10	# ...and one that starts empty
	.set	SST_WORLD, 0x0B20	# a source distinct from SST_HELLO
	.set	R_BLK1, 0x0B30
	.set	R_BLK2, 0x0B40
	.set	R_BLK3, 0x0B50
	.set	R_BLK4, 0x0B60
	.set	R_BLK5, 0x0B70
	.set	R_BLK6, 0x0B80
	.set	R_BLK7, 0x0B90
	.set	R_BLK8, 0x0BA0
	.set	R_BLK9, 0x0BB0
	.set	R_BLK10, 0x0BC0
	.set	R_BLK11, 0x0BD0
	.set	R_BLK12, 0x0BE0
	.set	R_BLK13, 0x0BF0
	.set	R_BLK14, 0x0C00
	.set	R_BLK15, 0x0C10
	.set	R_BLK16, 0x0C20
	.set	R_BLK17, 0x0C30
	.set	R_BLK18, 0x0C40
	.set	R_BLK19, 0x0C50
	.set	R_BLK20, 0x0C60
	.set	R_BLK21, 0x0C70
	.set	R_BLK22, 0x0C80
	.set	R_BLK23, 0x0C90
	.set	R_BLK24, 0x0CA0
	.set	R_BLK25, 0x0CB0
	.set	R_BLK26, 0x0CC0
	.set	R_BLK27, 0x0CD0
	.set	R_BLK28, 0x0CE0
	.set	R_BLK29, 0x0CF0
	.set	R_BLK30, 0x0D00
	.set	R_BLK31, 0x0D10

	.code16
	.text
	.globl	_start

# The entry JMP -- the same three bytes every image this compiler writes opens
# with.  bootcom.s jumps to 0000:0100, which is this instruction.  It is
# written as raw bytes rather than `jmp drive' because gas would shorten that to
# a two-byte EB 00 short jump, and the byte it dropped would then be executed as
# the first instruction of the driver.
_start:
	.byte	0xE9			# JMP rel16
	.word	drive - _start - 3

# --------------------------------------------------------------- the driver
drive:
	cld

	# 1. Poison the two places a check is allowed to look.  STORE gets EEEH so
	#    a read entry that stores nothing is visible as such, and the data
	#    area gets AAH so initmem has something to clear.  The storage below
	#    is zeroed; the poison is what turns a zero into a RESULT.
	movw	$STORE + LOAD_BIAS, %si
	movw	$0xEEEE, %ax
	movw	%ax, (%si)
	movw	$DATA + LOAD_BIAS, %si
	movw	$DLEN, %cx
	movb	$0xAA, %al
.Lpoison:
	movb	%al, (%si)
	incw	%si
	loop	.Lpoison

	# BP is the case-record cursor, and it is the only register that survives a
	# call into the runtime, so everything the loop needs is read through it
	# or parked in the driver's own words first.
	movw	$CASE + LOAD_BIAS, %bp

	# 2. Open the record: SOH, the case index as two hex digits, STX.
	movb	$SOH, %al
	call	putc
	movb	OFF_CASE(%bp), %al
	call	hexb
	movb	$STX, %al
	call	putc

	# 3. Arm the input.  INCUR is an INDEX into INBUF, and zeroing it is what
	#    makes this boot's input start at its first byte.  CX is cleared
	#    first: see the note at the top about the high byte of CX.
	xorw	%cx, %cx
	movb	OFF_INLEN(%bp), %cl
	movw	%cx, INLEN
	movw	$0, INCUR
	movw	$CASE + OFF_INBUF + LOAD_BIAS, %si
	movw	$INBUF, %di
	xorw	%ax, %ax
	repe	cmpsb

	# 4. The calls.  dumplen and the report address are needed after the loop,
	#    by which time BP has moved, so they are parked now; so is the count,
	#    because CX is gone by the second iteration.
	movw	OFF_DUMPLEN(%bp), %ax
	movw	%ax, D_DUMPLEN + LOAD_BIAS
	movw	OFF_DUMPADR(%bp), %ax
	movw	%ax, D_DUMPADR + LOAD_BIAS
	movw	OFF_NCALLS(%bp), %ax
	movw	%ax, D_CNT + LOAD_BIAS
	addw	$SLOT0, %bp		# BP now points AT the first call slot
.Lcall:
	decw	D_CNT + LOAD_BIAS	# 1 -> 0 has SF clear, so the body runs once;
	jns	.Lgo			# 0 -> FFFF is what ends the loop
	jmp	.Lcalldone
.Lgo:
	call	doslot
	addw	$SLOT_SZ, %bp
	jmp	.Lcall
.Lcalldone:

	# 5. Close the output half and report the memory.  A store that never
	#    happened is the EEEH left in step 1, which is why it is there.
	movb	$ETX, %al
	call	putc
	movw	D_DUMPLEN + LOAD_BIAS, %cx
	jcxz	.Lnodump
	movw	D_DUMPADR + LOAD_BIAS, %si
	addw	$LOAD_BIAS, %si
.Ldump:
	lodsb
	call	hexb
	loop	.Ldump
.Lnodump:
	movb	$EOT, %al
	call	putc

	# 6. Exit.  Reaching here IS the assertion that every entry returned: an
	#    entry that hung produces no EOT, and the harness says so.
	movw	$0x4C00, %ax		# INT 21h AH=4Ch, AL=0
	int	$0x21

# doslot: call the entry described by the 12 bytes at BP, with the same
# conventions Compiler.IoCall uses -- 16-bit argument(s) on the stack, popped
# by the caller -- except for initmem, which takes the header in AX.
#
# Flags (the byte at +4):
#   1  F_STACK   push the word at +2; the caller pops one word.
#   2  F_AX      take the word at +2 in AX instead.
#   4  F_INL     the argument follows the call, not on the stack.
#   8  F_STACK2  push the word at +6 FIRST and the word at +2 second, so +2
#                lands at [BP+4] and +6 at [BP+6]; the caller pops two words.
#                strstore wants exactly that: dest at [BP+4], source at [BP+6].
#   16 F_CX      load CX from the word at +8 before the call.  rdstr and
#                strstore both take their maximum length in CX, a register the
#                record has no other way to reach, and neither may borrow it
#                from whatever the previous case left behind.
#
# The flags are re-read after the call because the entry has just used AX.
doslot:
	movb	4(%bp), %al
	testb	$8, %al
	jnz	.Ltwostack
	testb	$1, %al
	jz	.Lnostack
	pushw	2(%bp)
	jmp	.Lnostack
.Ltwostack:
	pushw	6(%bp)			# arg B: the source, ends at [BP+6]
	pushw	2(%bp)			# arg A: the destination, ends at [BP+4]
.Lnostack:
	testb	$2, %al
	jz	.Lnoax
	movw	2(%bp), %ax
.Lnoax:
	testb	$16, %al
	jz	.Lnocx
	movw	8(%bp), %cx
.Lnocx:
	movw	(%bp), %si		# image-absolute, as RT_Entry reports it
	addw	$LOAD_BIAS, %si		# so the load bias is added here, not baked in
	testb	$4, %al
	jnz	.Linl
	call	*%si
	movw	%ax, D_AX + LOAD_BIAS	# observable return value
	movb	4(%bp), %al
	testb	$8, %al
	jnz	.Lcleantwo
	testb	$1, %al
	jz	.Lnoclean
	addw	$2, %sp		# caller-cleaned
.Lnoclean:
	ret
.Lcleantwo:
	addw	$4, %sp
	ret

# wrtinl's argument is NOT a stack word: the entry reads a length byte and that
# many characters from its own return address.  That is the caller's half of
# the contract, so it is written literally here -- the length byte and the
# characters must be the bytes immediately after the call, which is why this is
# a second copy of the instruction rather than a jump.  The compiler's own
# placement of the same three things is what the string-literal fixtures in
# run_com_exec.py check; duplicating a variable one here would be a second
# thing to keep right, and a check that cannot fail is not a check.
.Linl:
	call	*%si
	.byte	5
	.byte	'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'
	ret

# putc: AL to the serial port.  No status polling -- qemu's 16550 always accepts,
# and a poll that never went ready would hang the harness instead of failing it.
putc:
	pushw	%ax
	movw	$0x03f8, %dx
	outb	%al, %dx
	popw	%ax
	ret

# hexb: AL as two uppercase hex digits, high nibble first.
#
# The 8086 has no `SHR r/m16, imm8' and no shift-by-four, so the high nibble
# comes from four one-bit shifts through CL.  Both facts have to be written
# down: gas assembles `shr $4, %ah' without complaint and rejects `shrw $1, %ah'
# outright, so the only thing standing between this file and an image that
# assembles cleanly and dies on a real 8086 is refusing the modern encodings.
hexb:
	pushw	%ax
	pushw	%cx
	movb	%al, %ah
	movb	$1, %cl
	shrw	%cl, %ax
	shrw	%cl, %ax
	shrw	%cl, %ax
	shrw	%cl, %ax
	popw	%cx
	call	putdig
	popw	%ax
	andb	$0x0f, %al
	movb	%al, %ah
	call	putdig
	ret

# putdig: the nibble in AH as one character, moved into AL so that setting AH for
# INT 21h AH=02h cannot overwrite the digit it is about to print.
putdig:
	movb	%ah, %al
	cmpb	$10, %al
	jb	.Ldigit
	addb	$0x37, %al		# 0Ah + 37h = 'A'
	jmp	.Lemit
.Ldigit:
	addb	$0x30, %al		# '0'
.Lemit:
	movb	$2, %ah
	int	$0x21
	ret

# --------------------------------------------------------------- the image
# The runtime blob, from tests/RtProbe.mod built at RT_BASE.  The gap is the
# checked bound: rt_exec.py asserts that 0x0180..RT_BASE is still all zeros, so
# a driver that outgrew its space fails the suite instead of overwriting the
# library it is testing.
	.org	RT_BASE
	.incbin	"rtblob.bin"

# The program header initmem is handed: +0 flag, +2 code, +4 data base, +6 data
# end.  Built HERE, from the same DATA and DLEN the poison loop uses, because
# the compiler's own header layout is a separate claim with its own check and
# this harness is not that check.  The two fields initmem READS are memory
# addresses, so they carry the bias; the caller passes AX the header's memory
# address too, which is the one thing rt_exec.py gets right only by saying so
# here and in case_bytes().
	.org	HDR
HDR:
	.word	1			# hdrFlag
	.word	0			# hdrCS, unused by initmem
	.word	DATA + LOAD_BIAS		# hdrDS   = data base
	.word	DATA + DLEN + LOAD_BIAS	# hdrHeap = data end

	.org	DATA
	.zero	DLEN			# poisoned to AAH by the driver

	.org	STORE
	.zero	2			# poisoned to EEEH by the driver

# A string for the wrstr case: a length byte and that many characters, which is
# the layout a compiled `string [n]' variable has.  It sits above the poisoned
# area so the poison never touches it, and rt_exec.py restates its address - the
# two must agree or the case reads whatever bytes are there and prints them.
	.org	WSTR
	.byte	5
	.byte	'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'

	.org	WSTR_EMPTY
	.byte	0			# a length of 0: an empty string

	.org	CASE
	.incbin	"rtcase.bin"

	.org	D_DUMPLEN
	.zero	6			# D_DUMPLEN, D_DUMPADR, D_CNT

# --- strings for the string entries ----------------------------------------
# A compiled `string [n]' variable is a length byte and n characters, and that
# is the layout rdstr writes and strstore reads.  Each DESTINATION is
# pre-filled with 0xEE so a byte the entry does NOT write is visibly still
# there -- that is how "the tail past the new length is left untouched" becomes
# a checked claim rather than a comment.  The sources are distinct addresses so
# one image can offer a short string, one longer than a small max, and an empty
# one, without any case depending on a previous case's leftovers.
	.org	RDSTR_DST
	.fill	16, 1, 0xEE

	.org	SST_HELLO
	.byte	5, 'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'

	.org	SST_LONG
	.byte	8, 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h'

	.org	SST_EMPTY
	.byte	0			# a length of 0: an empty string

	.org	SST_DST
	.fill	16, 1, 0xEE

# strcat reads the DESTINATION's length, so its destinations are seeded with a
# real string rather than 0xEE -- and 0xEE would in fact be a 238-character
# length, which is exactly the "string too long" error the entry has to raise.
# SST_CAT holds `hello', SST_CAT0 is empty, and SST_WORLD is a source that is
# not SST_HELLO so an append is visible as an append and not as a coincidence.
	.org	SST_CAT
	.byte	5, 'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'
	.fill	10, 1, 0xEE

	.org	SST_CAT0
	.byte	0			# a length of 0: nothing to append to
	.fill	15, 1, 0xEE

	.org	SST_WORLD
	.byte	5, 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd'

# 12-byte MBF blocks for real_add/real_sub: a at +0, b at +6.
	.org	R_BLK1
	.byte	0x81, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x82, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
	.org	R_BLK2
	.byte	0x82, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x83, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20
	.org	R_BLK3
	.byte	0x83, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x82, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40
	.org	R_BLK4
	.byte	0x81, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x81, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
	.org	R_BLK5
	.byte	0x8A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7A, 0x81, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
	.org	R_BLK6
	.byte	0x82, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC0, 0x82, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
	.org	R_BLK7
	.byte	0x86, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x28, 0x8A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7A
	.org	R_BLK8
	.byte	0x8F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x7F, 0x81, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00

	.org	R_BLK9
	.byte	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x83, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20
	.org	R_BLK10
	.byte	0x82, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC0, 0x82, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80

# Division pairs for real_div.
	.org	R_BLK11
	.byte	0x83, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x82, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
	.org	R_BLK12
	.byte	0x84, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x82, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
	.org	R_BLK13
	.byte	0x84, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x82, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40
	.org	R_BLK14
	.byte	0x8A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7A, 0x82, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
	.org	R_BLK15
	.byte	0x83, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC0, 0x82, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
	.org	R_BLK16
	.byte	0x83, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x82, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80
	.org	R_BLK17
	.byte	0x83, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC0, 0x82, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80
	.org	R_BLK18
	.byte	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x83, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20
	.org	R_BLK19
	.byte	0x83, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x82, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
	.org	R_BLK20
	.byte	0x86, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x28, 0x83, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40

# Fractional blocks: real_int truncates `a'; real_cmp compares the pair.
	.org	R_BLK21
	.byte	0x82, 0xCD, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x6C, 0x82, 0xCD, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x6C
	.org	R_BLK22
	.byte	0x82, 0x9A, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x79, 0x82, 0xCD, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x6C
	.org	R_BLK23
	.byte	0x82, 0xCD, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xEC, 0x82, 0x9A, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0xF9
	.org	R_BLK24
	.byte	0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
	.org	R_BLK25
	.byte	0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
	.org	R_BLK26
	.byte	0x8E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xE7, 0x40, 0x8E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xE6, 0x40
	.org	R_BLK27
	.byte	0x82, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
	.org	R_BLK28
	.byte	0x82, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xA0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
	.org	R_BLK29
	.byte	0x80, 0x0A, 0xD7, 0xA3, 0x70, 0x7D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
	.org	R_BLK30
	.byte	0x81, 0x33, 0x33, 0x33, 0x33, 0x73, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00

# 2^40: above reint's 0A8h early return, so it must come back unchanged.
	.org	R_BLK31
	.byte	0xA9, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00