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							<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:pls="http://www.w3.org/2005/01/pronunciation-lexicon" xmlns:ssml="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><head><title>Unit 3</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-epub.css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/><link rel="prev" href="ch01s12.xhtml" title="Unit 2"/><link rel="next" href="ch01s14.xhtml" title="Unit 4"/></head><body><header/><section class="section" title="Unit 3" epub:type="subchapter" id="d0e5912"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">Unit 3</h2></div></div></div><section class="section" title="Introduction" epub:type="division" id="d0e5915"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">Introduction</h3></div></div></div><section class="section" title="Topics covered in this unit" epub:type="division" id="d0e5918"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">Topics covered in this unit</h4></div></div></div><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Members of a family.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>The plural ending -<span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">men</em></span>.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>The question word <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">jǐ</em></span>- "how many."</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>The adverb <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">dōu</em></span> "all."</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Several ways to express "and."</p></li></ol></div></section><section class="section" title="Material you will need" epub:type="division" id="d0e5946"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">Material you will need</h4></div></div></div><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>The C-l and P-l tapes, the Reference List and Reference Notes.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>The C-2 and P-2 tapes, the Workbook.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>The 3D-1 tape.</p></li></ol></div></section></section><section class="section" title="References" epub:type="division" id="d0e5960"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">References</h3></div></div></div><p/><section class="section" title="Reference List" epub:type="division" id="d0e5964"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">Reference List</h4></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col style="text-align: center; " class="col1"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="col2"/><col class="col3"/><col class="col4"/><col class="col5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">1.</td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">A:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐmen yǒu háizi
                                        ma?</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你们有孩子吗？</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Do you have children?</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">B:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Yǒu, wǒmen
                                        yǒu.</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">有，我们有。</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Yes, we have.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">2.</td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">B:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Liú xiānsheng yǒu
                                        Měiguó péngyou ma?</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">刘先生有美国朋友吗？</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Does Mr <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Liú</em></span> have any American friends?</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">B:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā meíyǒu Měiguó
                                        péngyou.</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他没有美国朋友。</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">He doesn't have any American friends.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">A:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā yǒu Yīngguó
                                        péngyou.</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他有英国朋友。</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">He has English friends. (or an English friend)</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">3.</td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">A:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐmen yǒu jǐge
                                        háizi?</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你们有几个孩子？</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">How many children do you have?</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">B:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒmen yǒu sānge
                                        háizi.</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我们有三个孩子。</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">We have three children.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">4.</td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">A:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐmen yǒu jǐge
                                        nánháizi, jǐge nǚháizi?</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你们有几个男孩子，几个女孩子？</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">How many boys and how many girls do you have?</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">B:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒmen yǒu liǎngge
                                        nánháizi, yīge nǚháizi.</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我们有两个男孩子，一个女孩子。</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">We have two boys and one girl.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">5.</td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">B:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Shì nánháizi, shì
                                        nǚháizi?</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">是男孩子，是女孩子？</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Are they boys or girls?</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">A:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tāmen dōu shì
                                        nǚháizi.</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他们都是女孩子。</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">All of them are girls.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">6.</td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">B:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú xiānsheng,
                                        tàitai ne? tāmen yǒu jǐge háizi?</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">胡先生，太太呢？他们有几个孩子？</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">How about Mr. and Mrs. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú</em></span>? How many
                                    children do they have?</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">A:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tāmen yǒu liǎngge
                                        háizi.</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他们有两个孩子。</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">They have two children.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">B:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Shì nánháizi, shì
                                        nǚháizi? </em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">是男孩子，是女孩子？</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Are they boys or girls?</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">A:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Dōu shì
                                        nǚháizi.</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">都是女孩子。</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Both of them are girls.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">7.</td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">A:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐmen háizi dōu zài
                                        zhèli ma?</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你们孩子都在这里吗？</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Are all your children here?</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">B:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Bù, liǎngge zài
                                        zhèli, yíge hái zài Měiguó.</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">不，两个在这里，一个还在美国。</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">No. Two are here, and one is still in America.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">8.</td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">A:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ jiāli yǒu shénme
                                        rén?</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你家里有什么人？</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">What people are (there) in your family?</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">B:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Yǒu wǒ tàitai gēn
                                        sānge háizi.</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">有我太太跟三个孩子。</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">There's my wife and three children.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">9.</td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">B:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ jiāli yǒu shénme
                                        rén?</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你家里有什么人？</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">What people are (there) in your family?</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; ">A:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Jiù (yǒu) wǒ fùqin,
                                        mǔqin.</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">就（有）我父亲，母亲。</em></span></td><td>Just my father and mother.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></section><section class="section" title="Vocabulary" epub:type="division" id="d0e6291"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">Vocabulary</h4></div></div></div><p/><div class="informaltable"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col class="col1"/><col class="col2"/><col class="col3"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">zhǐ</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">只</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">only</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">dìdi</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">弟弟</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">younger brother</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">gēge</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">哥哥</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">older brother</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">jiějie</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">姐姐</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">older sister</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">mèimei</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">妹妹</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">younger sister</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">xiōngdì</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">兄弟</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">brothers</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">jiěmèi</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">姐妹</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">sisters</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">xiōngdì
                                        jiěmèi</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">兄弟姐妹</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">brothers and sisters</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">fùmǔ</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">父母</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">parents</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">zǔfù</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">祖父</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">paternal grandfather</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">zǔmǔ</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">祖母</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">paternal grandmother</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">wàizǔfù</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">外祖父</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">maternal grandfather</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">wàizǔmǔ</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">外祖母</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">maternal grandmother</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">bàba</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">爸爸</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">papa, dad, father</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">māma</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">吗吗</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">momma, mom, mother</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">bàba</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">爸爸</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">papa, dad, father</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">dìdi</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">弟弟</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">younger brother</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">dōu</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">都</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">all, both</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">fùmǔ</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">父母</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">parents</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">fùqin</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">父亲</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">father</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">gēge</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">哥哥</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">older brother</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">gēn</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">跟</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">and, with, and (in addition to)</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">hái</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">还</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">still, yet</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">háizi</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">孩子</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">children, child</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">jǐ-</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">几－</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">how many</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">jiāli</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">家里</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">family</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">jiějie</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">姐姐</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">older sister </td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">jiěmèi</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">姐妹</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">sisters</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">jǐge</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">几个</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">how many</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">jiù</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">就</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">only, just</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">liǎng-</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">两</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">two</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">māma</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">妈妈</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">momma, mom, mother</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">méi</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">没</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">not, not to have</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">mèimei</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">妹妹</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">younger sister</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">mèiyou</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">没有</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">not to have, there is not</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-men</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">们</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">plural suffix</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">mǔqin</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">母亲</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">mother</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">nán-</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">男－</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">male</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">nánháizi</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">男孩子</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">boy</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">nǐmen</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你们</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">you (plural)</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">nǚ-</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">奴－</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">female</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">nǚháizi</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">奴孩子</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">girl</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">tāmen</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他们</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">they, them</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">wàizǔfù</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">外祖父</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">maternal grandfather</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">wàizǔmǔ</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">外祖母</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">maternal grandmother</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">wǒmen</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我们</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">we, us</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">xiōngdì</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">兄弟</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">brothers</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">xiōngdì
                                        jiěmèi</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">兄弟姐妹</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">brothers and sisters</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">yǒu</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">有</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">to have, there is</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">zhǐ</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">只</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">only</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">zǔfù</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">祖父</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">paternal grandfather</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">zǔmǔ</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">祖母</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">paternal grandmother</td></tr><tr><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">yíng
                                        le</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">赢了</em></span></td><td>I('ve) won</td></tr></tbody></table></div></section><section class="section" title="Reference Notes" epub:type="division" id="d0e6779"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">Reference Notes</h4></div></div></div><p/><section class="section" title="Notes on №1" epub:type="division" id="d0e6783"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">Notes on №1</h5></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col style="text-align: center; " class="col1"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="col2"/><col class="col3"/><col class="col4"/><col class="col5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">1.</td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">A:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐmen yǒu háizi
                                            ma?</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你们有孩子吗？</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Do you have children?</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; ">B:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Yǒu, wǒmen
                                            yǒu.</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">有，我们有。</em></span></td><td>Yes, we have.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>The plural pronouns are formed by adding -men to the singular
                        pronouns</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col style="text-align: center; " class="c1"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c2"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c3"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c4"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; " colspan="2"><span class="bold"><strong>singular</strong></span></th><th style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; " colspan="2"><span class="bold"><strong>plural</strong></span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">wǒ</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">I</td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">wǒmen</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">we</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">nǐ</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">you</td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">nǐmen</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">you</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">tā</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; ">he/she</td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">tāmen</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; ">they</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>(You have already seen these pronoun forms used as possessives: "my,"
                        "our," etc. Later you will find that they are also used as objects: "me,"
                        "us," etc.)</p><p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Háizi</em></span>: Chinese
                        nouns have the same form for singular and plural.</p><p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Háizi</em></span> may be
                        either "child" or "children."<a href="#ftn.d0e6879" class="footnote"><sup class="footnote" id="d0e6879">[3]</sup></a>Usually the context will make clear whether a noun should be
                        translated as singular or as plural, but not always. Chinese does not
                        require that the matter be pinned down to the same extent that English
                        does.</p><p>
                        <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒmen yǒu háizi</em></span> is
                        a perfectly good sentence, even though the only accurate translation is the
                        clumsy "We have one or more children." We would prefer to have enough
                        information to translate it either as "We have a child" or as "We have
                        children." </p><p>At times this ambiguity is an advantage. When you ask <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐmen yǒu háizi ma?</em></span> you do
                        not, after all, know whether you are referring to one child or to more than
                        one child. To cover both bets in the same way in English, we have to say "Do
                        you have any children?"</p></section><section class="section" title="Notes on №2" epub:type="division" id="d0e6899"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">Notes on №2</h5></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col style="text-align: center; " class="col1"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="col2"/><col class="col3"/><col class="col4"/><col class="col5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">2.</td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">B:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Liú xiānsheng
                                            yǒu Měiguó péngyou ma?</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">刘先生有美国朋友吗？</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Does Mr <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Liú</em></span> have any American friends?</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">B:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā meíyǒu
                                            Měiguó péngyou.</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他没有美国朋友。</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">He doesn't have any American friends.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; ">A:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā yǒu Yīngguó
                                            péngyou.</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他有英国朋友。</em></span></td><td>He has English friends. (or an English friend)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Méiyou</em></span>: All the
                        verbs discussed so far form the negative with <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">bù</em></span>, with the single exception
                        of <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">yǒu</em></span>, "to have,"
                        which has the irregular negative form <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">méiyou</em></span>.</p></section><section class="section" title="Notes on №3-4" epub:type="division" id="d0e6963"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">Notes on №3-4</h5></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col style="text-align: center; " class="col1"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="col2"/><col class="col3"/><col class="col4"/><col class="col5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">3.</td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">A:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐmen yǒu jǐge
                                            háizi?</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你们有几个孩子？</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">How many children do you have?</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">B:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒmen yǒu sānge
                                            háizi.</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我们有三个孩子。</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">We have three children.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">4.</td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">A:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐmen yǒu jǐge
                                            nánháizi, jǐge nǚháizi?</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你们有几个男孩子，几个女孩子？</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">How many boys and how many girls do you have?</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; ">B:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒmen yǒu
                                            liǎngge nánháizi, yīge nǚháizi.</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我们有两个男孩子，一个女孩子。</em></span></td><td>We have two boys and one girl.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>In Peking speech,<span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">
                            jǐ-</em></span>, "how many," is usually used only when the number
                        expected in an answer is about 10 or less. In many other parts of China,
                        speakers use jl- no matter how large a number is expected in the
                        answer.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Counters</strong></span>: In Chinese, a noun cannot be
                        counted or specified (i.e., used with <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">něi-</em></span> "which," <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">nèi-</em></span>, "that," <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">zhèi-</em></span>, "this") without the
                        addition of a bound word, a counter, to indicate the sort of thing being
                        specified or counted. English has a few such counters, as "head" in "how
                        many head of cattle" and "loaves" in " seven loaves of bread."</p><p>The counter used in a particular instance depends on the noun "being
                        specified or counted. Many nouns have special counters. You have already
                        learned the polite counter for persons, <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-wèi</em></span>. Other special counters
                        refer in some way to the kind of thing the noun represents. The word for
                        "hotel," for instance, has a special counter <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-jiā</em></span>, "house," used for
                        counting or specifying business establishments.</p><p>The general counter <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-ge</em></span> is used with nouns that do not have special
                        counters. For example, there is no special counter for the word
                            <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">pùbù</em></span>,
                        "waterfall," so you would say <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">yíge
                            pùbù</em></span>, "one waterfall." You have already found the
                        general counter <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-ge</em></span> in specifying expressions such as <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">něige háizi</em></span>, "which child,"
                        and <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">zhèige
                        fàndiàn</em></span>,"this hotel."</p><p>You may find that, in colloquial speech, nouns that have special counters
                        are sometimes used with <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-ge</em></span> anyway, but this tendency is looked down upon by
                        many speakers.</p><p>Here are the numbers 1 through 10 with the counter <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-ge</em></span>:</p><p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">yíge liǎngge sānge sìge wǔge
                            liùge qíge báge jiǔge shíge</em></span></p><p>The number 2 has a special form before a counter: l<span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">iǎng-</em></span>. Notice that the words
                        for 1, 2, and 8 have Rising tones before <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-ge</em></span>, because <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-ge</em></span> is basically a
                        Falling-tone syllable. (See also Unit 5, notes on No. 9 and No. 10.)</p><p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nán- nǚ-</em></span>: The
                        "bound words <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">nán-</em></span>
                        "male," and <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">nǚ-</em></span>,
                        "female," are often used in compounds; for example, <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">nánpéngyou</em></span>, "boyfriend," and
                            <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">nǚtóngzhì</em></span>
                        "(woman) Comrade."</p><p>"<span class="bold"><strong>And</strong></span>": In Chinese, a word for "and" is
                        not needed between parallel phrases like <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">liǎngge nánháizi, yíge
                            nǚháizi</em></span> "two boys, (and) one girl."</p><p>A pause is usual between the two phrases, but even the pause is sometimes
                        omitted.</p></section><section class="section" title="Notes on №5-7" epub:type="division" id="d0e7126"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">Notes on №5-7</h5></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col style="text-align: center; " class="col1"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="col2"/><col class="col3"/><col class="col4"/><col class="col5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">5.</td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">B:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Shì nánháizi,
                                            shì nǚháizi?</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">是男孩子，是女孩子？</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Are they boys or girls?</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">A:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tāmen dōu shì
                                            nǚháizi.</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他们都是女孩子。</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">All of them are girls.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">6.</td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">B:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú xiānsheng,
                                            tàitai ne? tāmen yǒu jǐge háizi?</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">胡先生，太太呢？他们有几个孩子？</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">How about Mr. and Mrs. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú</em></span>? How many
                                        children do they have?</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">A:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tāmen yǒu
                                            liǎngge háizi.</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他们有两个孩子。</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">They have two children.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">B:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Shì nánháizi,
                                            shì nǚháizi? </em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">是男孩子，是女孩子？</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Are they boys or girls?</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">A:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Dōu shì
                                            nǚháizi.</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">都是女孩子。</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Both of them are girls.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">7.</td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">A:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐmen háizi dōu
                                            zài zhèli ma?</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你们孩子都在这里吗？</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Are all your children here?</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; ">B:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Bù, liǎngge zài
                                            zhèli, yíge hái zài Měiguó.</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">不，两个在这里，一个还在美国。</em></span></td><td>No. Two are here, and one is still in America.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>Shi
                                nánháizi, shi nǚháizi?</strong></span></em></span> In Chinese, an
                        "or" question (i.e., a question asking which of two alternatives is true)
                        may be asked simply by stating the two alternatives with a pause between. In
                        this kind of question, the verb must appear in each alternative. (You will
                        learn other ways of making "or" questions in later modules.)</p><p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Dōu</em></span> may usually
                        be translated in a sentence as "all (of)," or, if it refers to only two
                        things, as both (of)." Literally, <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">dōu</em></span> means "in all cases," "uniformly," "entirely,"
                        "completely." Since it is an adverb), it must be placed after the subject of
                        a sentence and before the verb (like the adverb <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">yě</em></span>, "also".)</p></section><section class="section" title="Notes on №8-9" epub:type="division" id="d0e7266"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">Notes on №8-9</h5></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col style="text-align: center; " class="col1"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="col2"/><col class="col3"/><col class="col4"/><col class="col5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">8.</td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">A:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ jiāli yǒu
                                            shénme rén?</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你家里有什么人？</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">What people are (there) in your family?</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">B:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Yǒu wǒ tàitai
                                            gēn sānge háizi.</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">有我太太跟三个孩子。</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">There's my wife and three children.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">9.</td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">B:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ jiāli yǒu
                                            shénme rén?</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你家里有什么人？</em></span></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">What people are (there) in your family?</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; ">A:</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Jiù yǒu wǒ
                                            fùqin, mǔqin.</em></span></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">就有我父亲，母亲。</em></span></td><td>Just my father and mother.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Literally, the phrase <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">nǐ
                            jiāli</em></span> means "in your home" (<span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">jiā</em></span>, "home"; <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-li</em></span>, "in"）. In this sentence
                        it is extended to mean "the people in your home, " that is, "your
                        family."</p><p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ jiāli - yǒu - shénme
                            rén?</em></span> Phrase by phrase, this question is: "In your family
                        - there are - what people?,’ The word "family" can be taken to mean either
                        all your relatives or only those living in your household.</p><p>By itself, the verb <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">yǒu</em></span> means "to "be," "to exist." You have now seen it
                        translated two ways: </p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>as "have," with a personal subject: <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒmen yǒu sānge háizi</em></span>
                                . "We have three children." </p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>as "there is/are," in the so-called impersonal construction:
                                    <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ jiāli yǒu shénme
                                    rén?</em></span> "What people are (there) in your
                                family?"</p></li></ol></div><p>In exchange 8, the verb <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">yǒu</em></span> in the answer is translated as "there's." Some
                        English speakers may find this translation too colloquial. The answer can
                        also be translated Just by listing the family members, with no verb in the
                        English, as was done in exchange 9« Chinese almost always keeps the verb in
                        the answer to a question, while English tends to leave it out.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>How to say "and":</strong></span> Chinese has several
                        words for "and." <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Gēn</em></span> is the word for "and" when joining nouns or noun
                        phrases. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Yě</em></span> is the
                        word for "and" when Joining verbs, verb phrases, or whole sentences:</p><div class="example" id="d0e7381"><div class="example-title">Example 1.1. Example:</div><div class="example-contents"><p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ bú xìng Lǐ, yě bú xìng
                                Lǔ. Wǒ xìng Lǚ.</em></span></p><p>I'm not surnamed <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Lǐ</em></span> and I'm not surnamed <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Lǔ</em></span>. I'm surnamed
                                <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Lǚ</em></span>.</p></div></div><p>Chinese tends to use a word for "and" when the noun phrases being Joined
                        are not parallel and not to use one when the phrases are parallel:</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col style="text-align: center; " class="c1"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c2"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c3"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c4"/><col class="c5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; " colspan="5"><span class="bold"><strong>Not parallel</strong></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Yǒu</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
                                            <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">wǒ
                                                  tàitai</em></span></p>
                                            <p>Possessor noun</p>
                                        </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">gēn</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
                                            <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">sānge
                                                  háizi.</em></span></p>
                                            <p>number noun</p>
                                        </td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">There's my wife and 3 children.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; " colspan="5"><span class="bold"><strong>Parallel</strong></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Yǒu</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
                                            <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">liǎngge
                                                  nánháizi</em></span></p>
                                            <p>number noun</p>
                                        </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">,</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
                                            <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">yíge
                                                  nǚháizi.</em></span></p>
                                            <p>number noun</p>
                                        </td><td>There are 2 boys and one girl.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>While "and" is often omitted in Chinese, it may be added for emphasis
                        between nouns and between noun phrases just as in English.</p><p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Jiù</em></span>, "only,"
                        "Just," is an advert (like <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">yě</em></span> and <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">dōu</em></span>. The use of <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">jiù</em></span> to mean "only" is
                        probably mostly confined to the Peking dialect.<a href="#ftn.d0e7485" class="footnote"><sup class="footnote" id="d0e7485">[4]</sup></a> Speakers from other parts of the country will not necessarily
                        use <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">jiù</em></span> to mean
                        "only" or understand it as such. A more widely used and understood word for
                        "only" is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">zhǐ</em></span>.
                        Thus the answer in exchange 9 could also be: <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Zhǐ yǒu wǒ fùqin,
                        mǔqin.</em></span></p></section><section class="section" title="Notes on additional vocabulary" epub:type="division" id="d0e7499"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">Notes on additional vocabulary</h5></div></div></div><p>Chinese is much more precise than English in its terms for family members.
                        There is not Just one word for "brother," or "sister" but words for "older
                        brother," "younger brother," "older sister," and "younger sister."</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col style="text-align: center; " class="c1"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c2"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c3"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c4"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span class="bold"><strong>older</strong></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span class="bold"><strong>younger</strong></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">brother</td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">gēge</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">dìdi</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">brothers</td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">xiōngdì</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; ">sister</td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">jiějie</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">mèimei</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; ">sisters</td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">jiěmèi</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>When referring to both older and younger sisters, the term <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">jiěmèi</em></span> is used. When
                        referring to both older and younger brothers, the term <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">xiōngdì</em></span> is used. When
                        referring to sisters and brothers, the phrase <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">xiōngdì jiěmèi</em></span> is
                        used.</p><p>Chinese also distinguishes between grandparents on the father's side of
                        the family and grandparents on the mother's side:</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col style="text-align: center; " class="c1"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c2"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c3"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span class="bold"><strong>father's
                                            side</strong></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span class="bold"><strong>mother's
                                            side</strong></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span class="bold"><strong>grandfather</strong></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">zǔfù</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">wàizǔfù</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "><span class="bold"><strong>grandmother</strong></span></td><td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">zǔmǔ</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">wàizǔmǔ</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>The syllable <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">wài-</em></span> in <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">wàizǔfù</em></span> and <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">wàizǔmǔ</em></span> literally means "outer" or "outside."</p></section></section></section><section class="section" title="Drills" epub:type="division" id="d0e7609"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">Drills</h3></div></div></div><p/></section><div class="footnotes" epub:type="footnotes"><br/><hr class="footnote-hr"/><div id="ftn.d0e6879" class="footnote" epub:type="footnote"><p><a href="#d0e6879" class="para"><sup class="para">[3] </sup></a>A few nouns referring to people may be made explicitly plural by
                                adding -<span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">men</em></span> . <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Háizimen</em></span> can only be ''children"</p></div><div id="ftn.d0e7485" class="footnote" epub:type="footnote"><p><a href="#d0e7485" class="para"><sup class="para">[4] </sup></a><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Jiù</em></span> has
                                several other meanings, which will be presented to you as you
                                continue through this course.</p></div></div></section><footer/></body></html>