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-INQUIRIES CONCERNING THE USE OF THESE MATERIALS, INCLUDING
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-REQUESTS FOR COPIES, SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO
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-
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-DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE
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-FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER
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-NONRESIDENT INSTRUCTION DIVISION
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-PRESIDIO OF MONTEREY, CA 93940
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-
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-TOPICS IN THE AREAS OF POLITICS, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, MORES,
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-ETC., WHICH MAY BE CONSIDERED AS CONTROVERSIAL FROM SOME POINTS OF
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-VIEW ARE SOMETIMES INCLUDED IN THESE MATERIALS, SINCE STUDENTS MAY
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-FIND THEMSELVES IN POSITIONS WHERE CLEAR UNDERSTANDING OF CONVERSA-
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-TIONS OR WRITTEN MATERIALS OF THIS NATURE WILL BE ESSENTIAL. THE
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-PRESENCE OF CONTROVERSIAL STATEMENTS—WHETHER REAL OR APPARENT—IN
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-THESE MATERIALS IS NOT TO BE CONSTRUED AS REPRESENTING THE OPINIONS
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-OF THE WRITERS, OF THE DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE
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-CENTER, OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, OR OF ANY OF THE AGENCIES
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-WHICH SUPPORTED THIS EFFORT.
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-
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-IN THIS PUBLICATION, THE WORDS “HE,” “HIM,” AND “HIS” DENOTE
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-BOTH MASCULINE AND FEMININE GENDERS. THIS STATEMENT DOES NOT
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-APPLY TO TRANSLATIONS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEXTS.
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-
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-STANDARD CHINESE
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-
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-A MODULAR APPROACH
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-
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-STUDENT TEXT
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-
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-MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION
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-
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-MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING
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-
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-AUGUST 1979
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-[iii]
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-
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-PREFACE
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-
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-Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach originated in an interagency
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-conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1973 to
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-address the need generally felt in the U.S. Government language
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-training community for improving and updating Chinese materials to
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-reflect current usage in Běijīng and Taipei.
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-
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-The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible
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-enough in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide range of
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-government agencies and academic institutions.
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-
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-A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the
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-Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense
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-Language Institute, the State Department’s Foreign Service Institute,
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-the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency, and the U.S.
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-Office of Education, later joined by the Canadian Forces Foreign
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-Language School. The representatives have included Arthur T. McNeill,
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-John Hopkins, and John Boag (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder III, Joseph
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-C. Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major Bernard Muller-Thym (DLI); James
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-R. Frith and John B. Ratliff III (FSI); Kazuo Shitama (NSA); Richard
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-T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant Colonel George
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-Kozoriz (CFFLS).
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-
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-The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 1974
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-in space provided at the Foreign Service Institute. Each of the six
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-U.S. and Canadian government agencies provided funds and other
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-assistance.
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-
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-Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning
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-council was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense
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-Language Institute, Patricia O’Connor of the University of Texas, Earl
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-M. Rickerson of the Language Learning Center, and James Wrenn of Brown
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-University. In the fall of 1977, Lucille A. Barale was appointed
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-deputy project coordinator. David W. Dellinger of the Language
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-Learning Center and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign Service
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-Institute also served on the planning council and contributed material
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-to the project. The planning council drew up the original overall
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-design for the materials and met regularly to review their development.
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-
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-Writers for the first half of the materials were John H. T. Harvey,
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-Lucille A. Barale, and Roberta S. Barry, who worked in close
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-cooperation with the planning council and with the Chinese staff of
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-the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the instructional
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-formats of the comprehension and production self-study materials, and
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-also designed the communication-based classroom activities and wrote
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-the teacher’s guides. Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry wrote the
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-tape scripts and the student text. By 1978 Thomas E. Madden and Susan
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-C. Pola had joined the staff. Led by Ms. Barale, they worked as a team
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-to produce the materials subsequent to Module 6.
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-
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-[iv]
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-
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-All Chinese language material was prepared or selected by Chuan O.
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-Chao, Ying-chih Chen, Hsiao-Jung Chi, Eva Diao, Jan Hu, Tsung-mi Li,
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-and Yunhui C. Yang, assisted for part of the time by Chieh-fang Ou
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-Lee, Ying-ming Chen, and Joseph Yu Hsu Wang. Anna Affholder, Mei-li
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-Chen, and Henry Khuo helped in the preparation of a preliminary corpus
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-of dialogues.
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-
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-Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Vincent
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-Basciano, Lisa A. Bowden, Jill W. Ellis, Donna Fong, Renee T. C.
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-Liang, Thomas E. Madden, Susan C. Pola, and Kathleen Strype.
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-
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-The production of tape recordings was directed by Jose M. Ramirez of
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-the Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script was
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-voiced by Ms. Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr. Chen, Ms. Diao, Ms. Hu, Mr. Khuo,
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-Mr. Li, and Ms. Yang. The English script was read by Ms. Barale, Ms.
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-Barry, Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, Ms. Pola, and Ms. Strype.
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-
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-The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service
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-Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph
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-A. Sadote, Chief of Audio-Visual.
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-
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-Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach was field-tested with the
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-cooperation of Brown University; the Defense Language Institute,
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-Foreign Language Center; the Foreign Service Institute; the Language
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-Learning Center; the United States Air Force Academy; the University
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-of Illinois; and the University of Virginia.
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-
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-Colonel Samuel L. Stapleton and Colonel Thomas G. Foster, Commandants
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-of the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center, authorized
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-the DLIFLC support necessary for preparation of this edition of the
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-course materials. This support included coordination, graphic arts,
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-editing, typing, proofreading, printing, and materials necessary to
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-carry out these tasks.
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-
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-James R. Frith, Chairman
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-
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-Chinese Core Curriculum Project Board
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-
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-
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-[v]
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-
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-CONTENTS
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-
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-Preface........................................................ iii
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-
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-MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION
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-
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- Objectives ................................................... 1
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- Map of Běijīng ............................................... 2
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- Map of Taipei ................................................ 3
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- Target Lists ................................................. 4
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-
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- UNIT 1
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- Reference List ............................................. 12
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- Vocabulary ................................................. 14
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- Reference Notes ............................................ 15
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- Using buses
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- “When”
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- “First,” “last,” “next,” “previous”
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- Duō, “to be many,” and shǎo, “to be few”
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- Vocabulary Booster (Modes of Transportation) ............... 22
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- Drills ..................................................... 23
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-
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- UNIT 2
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- Reference List ............................................. 30
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- Vocabulary ................................................. 31
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- Reference Notes ............................................ 32
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- The marker a and its variant ya
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- The locational endings -shang and -li
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- More on the marker ba
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- The aspect marker ne
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- “Then”: jiù, zài, cái
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- Drills ..................................................... 38
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-
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- UNIT 3
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- Reference List ............................................. 44
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- Vocabulary ................................................. 46
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- Reference Notes ............................................ 48
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- The prepositional verb bǎ
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- Adverbs expressing manner
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- Drills ..................................................... 51
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-
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- UNIT 4
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- Reference List ............................................. 59
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- Vocabulary ................................................. 61
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- Reference Notes ............................................ 62
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- Choice questions with háíshi
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- More on topics and comments
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- Compound verbs of result
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- Drills ..................................................... 67
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-
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- UNIT 5
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- Reference List ............................................. 72
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- Vocabulary ................................................. 74
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-
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-[vi]
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-
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- Reference Notes ............................................ 75
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- Distances
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- Approximate numbers
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- Ban, “one half”
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- Drills ..................................................... 80
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-
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- UNIT 6
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- Reference List ............................................. 87
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- Vocabulary ................................................. 89
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- Reference Notes ............................................ 91
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- More on verb reduplication (two-syllable verbs)
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- Compound verbs of direction
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- More on new-situation le
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- Drills ..................................................... 96
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-
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- UNIT 7
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- Reference List ............................................. 101
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- Vocabulary ................................................. 103
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- Reference Notes ............................................ 105
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- More on compound verbs of result
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- “If”
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- Vocabulary Booster (Animals) ............................... 110
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- Drills ..................................................... 111
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-
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- UNIT 8
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- Reference List.............................................. 117
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- Vocabulary.................................................. 119
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- Reference Notes ............................................ 121
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- “Why” and “because”
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- Time NOT spent
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- “All,” “not all,” “all...not”
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- “Again”: yòu, zài
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- Drills ..................................................... 129
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-
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-MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING
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-
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- Objectives ................................................... 135
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- Target Lists ................................................. 136
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-
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- UNIT 1
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- Reference List ..............................................144
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- Vocabulary ................................................. 146
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- Reference Notes ............................................ 147
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- Making an appointment
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- Gēn for “and” and gēn for “with”
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- Three words for “time’’
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- The prepositional verb duì, “to,” “towards,” “facing”
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- Comparisons: “more than”
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- More on compound verbs of result
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- Drills ..................................................... 155
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-
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-[vii]
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-
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- UNIT 2
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- Reference List ............................................. 161
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- Vocabulary ................................................. 163
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- Reference Notes ............................................ 161
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- Making phone calls
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- The aspect marker zài for ongoing action
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- “Whatever,” “whenever,” “whoever,” “wherever”
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- Verbs and general objects
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- Vocabulary Booster (Occupations) ........................... 171
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- Drills ..................................................... 173
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-
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- UNIT 3
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- Reference List ............................................. 178
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- Vocabulary ................................................ 180
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- Reference Notes ............................................ 181
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- Extending an invitation
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- “Not only...but also...”
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- Comparisons: “equal to,” “alike”
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- “Anyone,” “anything,” “anyplace,” “anytime”
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- Comparison: compound verbs of result and manner adverbs
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- “Furthermore”
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- Drills ..................................................... 188
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-
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- UNIT 4
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- Reference List ............................................. 191
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- Vocabulary ................................................ 196
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- Reference Notes ........................................... 197
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- Meeting people
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- More on completion le
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- The prepositional verb xiàng, “facing”
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- Duō and shǎo as adverbs
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- Vocabulary Booster (Opposites) ............................. 201
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- Drills ..................................................... 201
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-
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- UNIT 5
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- Reference List ............................................. 208
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- Vocabulary ................................................. 210
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- Reference Notes ............................................ 212
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- Taking and leaving messages
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- Changing an appointment
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- The prepositional verb bǎ
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- Gāng and gāngcái
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- More on compound verbs of result
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- Drills ..................................................... 220
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-
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- UNIT 6
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- Reference List ............................................. 225
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- Vocabulary ................................................. 227
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- Reference Notes ............................................ 229
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- Invitation to lunch
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- Comparisons: “less than”
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- “even more”
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- Comparison overview
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- Sentence patterns: “although” and “both...and...”
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- Drills ..................................................... 235
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-
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-[viii]
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-
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- UNIT 7
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- Reference List ............................................. 241
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- Vocabulary ................................................. 243
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- Reference Notes ............................................ 244
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- Arranging an introduction
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- Using word order to express “the” and “a”
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- Objects of reduplicated verbs
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- Three-part motion verbs
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- Verbs for “remember” and “forget”
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- Drills ..................................................... 253
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-
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- UNIT 8
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- Reference List ............................................. 258
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- Vocabulary ................................................. 259
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- Reference Notes ............................................ 261
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- Declining invitations
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- The prepositional verb tì, “in place of”
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- More on compound verbs of result
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- Comparison: néng, kéyi, huì
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- Drills ..................................................... 266
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-
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-
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-[135]
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-
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- MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING
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-
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-The Meeting Module (MTG) will provide you with the skills needed to
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-arrange meetings or social gatherings, to greet people, to make
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-introductions, and to accept or decline invitations in Chinese.
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-
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-Before starting this module, you must take and pass the TRN Criterion
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-Test.
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-
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-The MTG Criterion Test will focus largely on this module, but material
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-from ORN, BIO, MON, DIR, TRN, and associated resource modules is also
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-included.
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-
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-
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-OBJECTIVES
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-
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-Upon successful completion of this module, the student should be able to
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-
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- 1. Give the English equivalent for any Chinese sentence in the MTG
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- Target Lists.
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-
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- 2. Say any Chinese sentence in the MTG Target Lists when cued with
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- English equivalent.
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-
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- 3. Make and respond to introductions with appropriate polite
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- questions and answers.
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-
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- 4. Make phone calls and leave messages.
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-
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- 5. Arrange a meeting (time and place) with someone by talking with
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- him or his secretary either in person or by phone.
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-
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- 6. Request that the time of a meeting be changed.
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-
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- 7. Invite a person to lunch, deciding on the time and the restaurant.
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-
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- 8. Arrange a social gathering for a specific time of day, inviting
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- guests to his home and encouraging them to accept the invitation.
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-
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- 9. Greet guests upon their arrival at his home.
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-
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- 10. Accept/decline a social/business invitation with the appropriate
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- degree of politeness.
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-
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-
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-[136]
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-
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- UNIT 1 TARGET LIST
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-
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- 喂, 你是朱科長嗎？
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- 1. Wèi，nǐ shi Zhū Kēzhǎng ma? Hello. Are you Section Chief Zhū?
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-
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- 是。您是哪位？
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- Shì. Nín shi něiwèi? Yes. Who is this, please?
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-
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- 我是威廉馬丁。
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- Wǒ shi Wēilián Mǎdīng. I’m William Martin.
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-
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- 哦, 馬丁先生, 好久不見。
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- Òu，Mǎdīng Xiānsheng，hǎo jiǔ Oh, Mr. Martin—I haven’t seen
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- bú jiàn. you for a long time.
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-
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- 我有點兒事想跟您當面談談。
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- 2. Wo yǒu diǎnr shì xiǎng gēn I have something I would like to
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- nín dāngmiàn tántan. talk with you about in person.
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-
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- 您有功夫沒有？
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- 3. Nín yǒu gōngfu meiyou? Do you have any free time?
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-
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- 什麽時候對您合適？
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- 4. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? What time would suit you?
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-
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- 三點比兩點方便一點兒。因爲一會兒
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- 出去，也許兩點回不來。
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- 5. Sāndiǎn bǐ liǎngdiǎn fāngbian Three would be more convenient than
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- yìdiǎnr. Yīnwei wǒ yìhuǐr two. Since I’m going out in a
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- chūqu，yěxǔ liǎngdiǎn little while, I might not be able
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- huíbulái. to get back by two.
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- 那麽, 我三點鐘在樓下的會客室等您。
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- Nàme，wǒ sāndiǎn zhōng zài Well then, I’ll wait for you in the
|
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- lóuxiàde huìkèshì děng nín. reception room downstairs at
|
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- three o’clock.
|
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|
-
|
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-
|
|
|
-ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
|
|
|
-(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
|
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|
-
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-
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|
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- 6. huídelái 回得來 to be able to get back in time
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-
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-
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- 7. kòng(r) 空(兒) free time, spare time
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-
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-
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- 8. lóushàng 樓上 upstairs
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-
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-
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- 9. shāngliang 商量 to discuss, to talk over
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-
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-
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- 10. yǒu kòng(r) 有空(兒) to have free time
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-
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-[137]
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-
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- 喂, 美大司
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-1. Wèi，Mēidàsī. Hello. Department of American and
|
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- Oceanic Affairs.
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-
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- 我是加拿大大使館的喬治達菲。我有
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- 一件事想跟王科長講一講。
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- Wǒ shi Jiānádà Dàshiguǎnde I am George Duffy of the Canadian
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- Qiáozhì Dáfēi. Wǒ yǒu yíjiàn Embassy. I have something I
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- shì xiǎng gēn Wáng Kēzhǎng would like to discuss with Section
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- jiǎng-yijiǎng. Chief Wáng.
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-
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- 王科長現在在開會。等她開完會我告訴告誦
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- 她給你回電話。
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-2. Wáng Kēzhǎng xiànzài zài kāi huì. Section Chief Wáng is at a meeting
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- Děng tā kāiwán huì wǒ gàosong now. When she is finished with the
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- tā gěi ni huí diànhuà. meeting, I will tell her to return
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- your call.
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- 好，謝謝你。
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-3. Hǎo, xièxie ni. Fine. Thank you.
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-
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- 不謝
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- Bú xiè. Don’t mention it.
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-
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- 你打電話來的時候我沒時間跟你説話。
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-4. Nǐ dǎ diànhuà láide shíhou wǒ When you called here, I didn’t have
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- méi shíjiān gēn ni shuō huà. time to speak with you.
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-
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- 沒關係
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- Méi guānxi. It doesn’t matter.
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-
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- 我給你打電話目的是想跟你當面談談。
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-5. Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi The reason I called you is that I
|
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- shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn would like to talk with you in
|
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- tántan. person.
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-
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- 你明天能不能到我這兒來？
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- Nǐ míngtiān něng bu néng dào Can you come over here tomorrow?
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- wǒ zhěr lái?
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-
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- 可以。明天什麽時候都可以。
|
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- Kéyi. Míngtiān shénme shíhou Yes. Any time tomorrow would be
|
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|
- dōu kéyi. fine.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
|
|
|
-(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
|
|
|
-
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|
|
-
|
|
|
-6. guānxi 關係 relation, relationship, connection
|
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-
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-
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-7. jiǎng huà 講話 to speak, to talk; a speech
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-
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-
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-8. lǐngshiguǎn 領事館 consulate
|
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-
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-
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|
-9. shìqing (yíjiàn) 事情 (一件) matter, business, affair
|
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-
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-
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-10. sīzhǎng 司長 department chief
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-
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-
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-11. yǒu guānxi 有關係 to relate to, to have a bearing on,
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- to matter
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-
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|
-[138]
|
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-
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|
-UNIT 3 TARGET LIST
|
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-
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|
- 我想下個星期六請您到我們家來
|
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|
- 吃個便飯。
|
|
|
-1. Wǒ xiǎng xiàge Xīngqīliù I would like to invite you to come
|
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|
- qǐng nín dào wǒmen jiā to our house for a simple meal
|
|
|
- lái chī ge biànfàn. on Saturday of next week.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 您何必這麽客氣？
|
|
|
- Nín hébì zhème kèqi? Why is it necessary to be so polite?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我有一個美國朋友在臺灣大學教書。
|
|
|
- 很想給你們兩位介紹介紹。
|
|
|
-2. Wǒ yǒu yige Měiguo péngyou I have an American friend who
|
|
|
- zài Táiwān Dàxué jiāo shū. teaches at Táiwān University. I
|
|
|
- Hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen liǎngwèi would very much like to introduce
|
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|
- jièshao jièshao. the two of you.
|
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-
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|
- 你太好了！
|
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|
- Nà tài hǎo le! That’s wonderful!
|
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-
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|
|
- 我很希望跟你朋友談談。
|
|
|
-3. Wǒ hěn xǐwang gēn ni péngyou I wish very much to talk with your
|
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|
- tántan. friend.
|
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|
-
|
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- 不過，恐怕我的英文不行。
|
|
|
- Búguò, kǒngpà wǒde Yīngwén bù However, I’m afraid that my English
|
|
|
- xíng. isn’t good enough.
|
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-
|
|
|
- 不但説得不好，有時候也聽不懂。
|
|
|
- Búdàn shuōde bù hǎo, yǒu shíhou Not only don’t I speak well, (but)
|
|
|
- yě tīngbudǒng. sometimes I can’t understand what
|
|
|
- I hear either.
|
|
|
- 你説得跟美國人一樣。
|
|
|
-4. Nǐ shuōde gēn Měiguo rén You speak as well as an American.
|
|
|
- yíyàng hǎo.
|
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|
-
|
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- 我沒請什麽人；很隨便。
|
|
|
-5. Wǒ méi qǐng shénme rén; hěn I haven’t invited anyone special;
|
|
|
- suíbiàn. it’s very informal.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那就先謝了。
|
|
|
- Nà jiù xiān xiè le. Well then, I’ll thank you in advance.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
|
|
|
-(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-6. bù tóng 不同 to be different
|
|
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-
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|
-7. chá 茶 tea
|
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|
-
|
|
|
-8. chī fàn 吃飯 to eat, to have a meal
|
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|
-
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|
|
-9. dànshi 但是 but
|
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-
|
|
|
-10. érqiě 而且 furthermore, moreover
|
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-
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|
|
-11. fàn 飯 (cooked) rice
|
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-
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|
|
-12. hē 喝 to drink
|
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|
-
|
|
|
-13. jiāo shū 教書 to teach
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[139]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-UNIT 4 TARGET LIST
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 何教授，歡迎，歡迎。請進。
|
|
|
-1. Hé Jiàoshòu, huānyíng, huānyíng. Professor Hollins, welcome. Please
|
|
|
- Qǐng jìn. come in.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這是一點小意思。
|
|
|
- Zhè shi yìdiǎn xiǎo yìsi. Here is a small token of
|
|
|
- appreciation.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我知道您喜歡山水畫。
|
|
|
-2. Wǒ zhīdao nín xǐhuan shānshuǐ I know you like landscape painting.
|
|
|
- huà.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 特別請朋友給您畫一張。
|
|
|
- Tèbiě qǐng péngyou gěi nín I asked a friend to paint one
|
|
|
- huàle yìzhāng. especially for you.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這位是何教授，在台大教書。
|
|
|
-3. Zhèiwèi shi Hé Jiàoshòu, zài This is Professor Hollins, who
|
|
|
- Táidà jiāo shū. teaches at Táiwān University.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 久仰，久仰。
|
|
|
- Jiǔyǎng, jiǔyǎng. Glad to meet you.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我還有很多不熟悉的地方要向您請教。
|
|
|
-4. Wǒ hái yǒu hěn duō bù shóuxide There is still much I’m not familiar
|
|
|
- dìfang yào xiàng nín qǐngjiào. with that I need to ask your
|
|
|
- advice about.
|
|
|
- 希望以後有機會多見面。
|
|
|
-5. Xǐwang yǐhòu yǒu jīhui duō I hope that in the future we will
|
|
|
- jiànmiàn. have an opportunity to meet more.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
|
|
|
-(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-6. fāngfǎ 方法 method, way, means
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-7. fázi 法子 method, way
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-8. huàr 畫兒 painting (Běijīng pronunciation)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-9. qǐng zuò 請坐 please sit down
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-10. shèhuìxué 社會學 sociology
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-11. túshūguǎn 圖書館 library
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-12. zuò 坐 to sit
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[140]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-UNIT 5 TARGET LIST
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 喂
|
|
|
-1. Wài. Hello.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 喂，外交部嗎？我要找林司長説話。
|
|
|
- Wèi, shi Wàijiāobù ma? Wǒ yào Hello. Is this the Ministry of
|
|
|
- zhǎo Lín Sīzhǎng shuō huà. Foreign Affairs? I want to speak
|
|
|
- with Department Chief Lin.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 您是那兒啊？
|
|
|
- Nín shi nǎr a? Who is this?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我是法國商務經濟官。
|
|
|
- Wǒ shi Fǎguo Shāngwù Jīngjiguān. I am the French Commercial/Economics
|
|
|
- Officer.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 林司長這會兒不在。
|
|
|
-2. Lin Sīzhǎng zhèihuír bú zài. Department Chief Lin is not here at
|
|
|
- Nín yào liú ge huàr ma? the moment. Would you like to
|
|
|
- leave a message?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我把您的電話號兒寫下來。
|
|
|
-3. Wǒ bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr I’ll write down your phone number.
|
|
|
- xiěxiàlái.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 對不起，你剛才給我打電話，我不在。
|
|
|
-4. Duìbuqǐ, nǐ gāngcái gěi wo da I’m sorry. When you called me just
|
|
|
- diànhuà, wǒ bú zài. now, I wasn’t in.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我那天跟您約好了今天到辦公室去談談。
|
|
|
-5. Wǒ nèitiān gēn nín yuēhǎole The other day I made an appointment
|
|
|
- jīntiān dào nín bàngōngshì with you to go to your office
|
|
|
- qu tántan. today for a talk.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 因爲我有一件要緊的事，所以不能今天去。
|
|
|
- Yīnwei wǒ yǒu yíjiàn yàojǐnde Because I have an urgent business
|
|
|
- shì, suóyi bù néng jīntiān matter, I can’t go today.
|
|
|
- qù.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 改到明天行不行？
|
|
|
- Gǎi dào míngtiān xíng bu xíng? Would it be all right to change it
|
|
|
- [the appointment] to tomorrow?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
|
|
|
-(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-6. háishi 還是 still
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-7. wàiguo 外國 foreign, abroad
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-8. wàiguo rén 外國人 foreigner (non-Chinese)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-9. wūzi (yìjiān) 屋子 (一間) room
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-10. yāo 幺 one (telephone pronunciation)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[141]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-UNIT 6 TARGET LIST
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我們到東門餐廳去吃中飯，好不好？
|
|
|
-1. Wǒmen dào Dōngmén Cāntīng qù Let’s go to the East Gate Restaurant
|
|
|
- chī zhōngfàn, hǎo bu hǎo? to eat lunch. Okay?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 東門的菜沒有大華菜那麽好。
|
|
|
- Dōngménde cài méiyou Dàhuáde The food at the East Gate isn’t as
|
|
|
- cài nàme hǎo. good as the food at the Great
|
|
|
- China.
|
|
|
- 雖然不太好，可是離這裏近。
|
|
|
-2. Suírán bú tài hǎo, kěshi lí Even though it [East Gate] is not
|
|
|
- zhèli jìn. too good, it is close to us.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 還有一個新開的飯館子離我們這裏更近。
|
|
|
- Hái yǒu yíge xīn kāide There is also a newly opened
|
|
|
- fànguǎnzi lí wǒmen zhèli restaurant that is even closer
|
|
|
- gèng jìn. to us.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 它們那裏菜非常好。今天我請你到那裏去吃。
|
|
|
-3. Tāmen nàlide cài fēicháng hǎo. The food there is extremely good.
|
|
|
- Jīntiān wǒ qǐng ni dào nàli Today I am going to invite you to
|
|
|
- qù chī. go there to eat.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那不好意思！
|
|
|
- Nà bù hǎo yìsi! I can’t let you do that!
|
|
|
- (That would be too embarrassing!)
|
|
|
- 大華的菜又好又便宜。
|
|
|
-4. Dàhuáde cài yòu hǎo yòu piǎnyi. The food at the Great China is both
|
|
|
- good and cheap.
|
|
|
- 也有好些菜別的地方吃不找。
|
|
|
- Yě yǒu hǎoxiē cài biéde dìfang They also have a good many dishes
|
|
|
- chībuzháo. that you can’t find (at) other
|
|
|
- places.
|
|
|
- 你説的地方一定好。
|
|
|
-5. Nǐ shuōde dìfang yídìng hǎo. Any place you suggest is sure to
|
|
|
- be good.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
|
|
|
-(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-6. bù yídìng 不一定 not necessarily; it’s not definite
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-7. kànfa 看法 opinion, view
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-8. wǎnfàn 晚飯 supper, dinner
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-9. xiǎngfa 想法 idea, opinion
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-10. yìxiē 一些 some, several, a few
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-11. zǎofàn 早飯 breakfast
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-12. zuòfa 做法 way of doing things, method, practice
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[142]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-UNIT 7 TARGET LIST
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我有一件事想跟您打聽打聽。
|
|
|
-1. Wǒ yǒu yíjiàn shi xiǎng gēn I have something I would like to
|
|
|
- nín dǎting dǎting. ask you about.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 聽説您那邊新來了一位方先生；他的名字
|
|
|
- 我忘記了。
|
|
|
- Tīngshuō nín nàbian xīn láile I have heard that you recently had
|
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|
- yíwèi Fāng Xiānsheng; tāde a Mr. Fang join you. I have
|
|
|
- míngzi wǒ wàngji le. forgotten his given name.
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|
-
|
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- 不錯，方德明是上個禮拜派到我們這裏
|
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|
- 來的。
|
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|
-2. Bú cuò, Fāng Démíng shi shàngge That’s right. Fang Deming was sent
|
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|
- líbài pài dào wǒmen zhèli over here last week.
|
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- láide.
|
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|
-
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- 怎麽？你認識他嗎？
|
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|
- Zěnme? Nǐ rènshi ta ma? Why? Do you know him?
|
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|
-
|
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|
- 我是加州大學畢業的。
|
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|
-3. Wǒ shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède. I graduated from the University of
|
|
|
- California.
|
|
|
- 你能不能馬上到我辦公室來？
|
|
|
-4. Nǐ néng bu néng mǎshàng dào wo Can you come to my office right
|
|
|
- bàngōngshì lái? away?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 沒問題。差不多半個鐘頭就到。
|
|
|
- Méi wèntí. Chàbuduō bànge No problem. I’ll be there in about
|
|
|
- zhōngtóu jiù dào. half an hour.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
|
|
|
-(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-5. jìde 記得 to remember
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-6. rènde 認得 to recognize, to know (alternate
|
|
|
- word for rènshi)
|
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|
-7. rènshi zì 認識字 to know how to read (literally, “to
|
|
|
- recognize characters”)
|
|
|
-8. wàng 忘 to forget (alternate word for
|
|
|
- wàngji, especially in the sense of
|
|
|
- forgetting to DO something)
|
|
|
-
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|
|
-9. wánquán 完全 completely
|
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|
-
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|
|
-10. xiǎngqilai 想起來 to think of, to remember
|
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-
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-11. zuǒyòu 左右 approximately
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-
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-
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-[143]
|
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-
|
|
|
-UNIT 8 TARGET LIST
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 喂，這是禮賓司。
|
|
|
-1. Wài, zhèi shi Lǐbīnsī. Hello. This is the Protocol
|
|
|
- Department.
|
|
|
- 喂，我是萊登大使的秘書。
|
|
|
- Wèi, wǒ shi Láidēng Dàshǐde Hello. I am Ambassador Leyden’s
|
|
|
- mìshū. secretary.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 大使接著你們的請帖了。
|
|
|
-2. Dàshǐ jiēzháo nǐmende qǐngtiě The ambassador received your
|
|
|
- le. invitation.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 很可惜因爲他有事，八月九號不能來。
|
|
|
- Hěn kěxī yīnwei tā yǒu shì, Unfortunately, because he has a
|
|
|
- Báyuè jiǔhào bù néng lái. previous engagement, he cannot
|
|
|
- come on August 9。
|
|
|
- 請你轉告譙部長。
|
|
|
- Qǐng ni zhuǎngào Qiáo Bùzhǎng. Please inform Minister Qiao.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 很抱歉。
|
|
|
- Hěn bāoqiàn. I’m very sorry.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 很遺憾，他不能來。
|
|
|
-3. Hěn yíhàn, tā bù néng lái. We very much regret that he cannot
|
|
|
- come.
|
|
|
- 我替你轉告一下。
|
|
|
- Wǒ tì ni zhuǎngào yíxià. I will pass on the message for you.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 希望以後在找機會聚一聚吧。
|
|
|
-4. Xīwang yǐhòu zài zhǎo jīhui I hope that later we will find
|
|
|
- jùyijù ba. another opportunity to get together.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 真不巧，沒辦法去。
|
|
|
-5. Zhēn bù qiǎo, méi bànfa qù. I really couldn’t make that; I have
|
|
|
- no way of going.
|
|
|
- 我們有幾個同學計劃到長城去玩兒。
|
|
|
-6. Wǒmen yǒu jige tóngxué jìhua A few of us students are planning
|
|
|
- dào Chángchéng qù wánr. to go to the Great Wall for an
|
|
|
- outing.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
|
|
|
-(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-7. dàjiā 大家 everybody, everyone
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-8. jiēdào 接到 to receive (alternate form of
|
|
|
- jiēzháo)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-9. tóngshì 同事 fellow worker, colleague
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-10. yīnggāi 應該 should, ought to, must
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[144]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-UNIT 1
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-REFERENCE LIST
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(in Běijīng)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 喂
|
|
|
-1. B: Wéi. Hello.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 喂，你是朱科長嗎？
|
|
|
- A: Wài, nǐ shi Zhū Kēzhǎng ma? Hello. Are you Section Chief Zhū?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 是。您是哪位？
|
|
|
- B: Shì. Nín shi něiwèi? Yes. Who is this, please?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我是威廉馬丁。
|
|
|
- A: Wǒ shi Wēilián Mǎdīng. I’m William Martin.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 哦，馬丁先生，好久不見。你好啊？
|
|
|
- *B: Òu, Madīng Xiānsheng, hǎo Oh, Mr. Martin—I haven’t seen you
|
|
|
- jiǔ bú jiàn. Nǐ hǎo a? for quite a while. How are you?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 好。你好啊？
|
|
|
- A: Hǎo. Nǐ hǎo a? Fine. How are you?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我有點兒事想跟您當面談談。
|
|
|
-2. A: Wǒ yōu diǎnr shì xiǎng gēn I have something I would like to
|
|
|
- nín dāngmiàn tántan. talk with you about in person.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 不知道您有工夫沒有。
|
|
|
-3. A: Bù zhīdào nín yǒu gōngfu I don’t know whether you have the
|
|
|
- meiyou. time or not.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 有功夫
|
|
|
- B: Yǒu gōngfu. I have the time.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 什麽時候對您合適？
|
|
|
-4. A: Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? What time would suit you?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 今天，明天都可以。
|
|
|
- B: Jīntiān, míngtiān dōu kéyi. Either today or tomorrow would be
|
|
|
- fine.
|
|
|
- 今天下午兩點鐘方便嗎？
|
|
|
-5. A: Jīntiān xiàwǔ liǎngdiǎn Would two o’clock today be
|
|
|
- zhōng fāngbian ma? convenient?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 三點比兩點方便一點兒。
|
|
|
- B: Sāndiǎn bī liǎngdiǎn Three would be more convenient than
|
|
|
- fāngbian yìdiǎnr. two.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 因爲我一會兒出去，也許兩點回不來。
|
|
|
-6. B: Yīnwei wǒ yìhuǐr chūqu, yěxǔ Since I’m going out in a little
|
|
|
- liǎngdiǎn huíbulái. while, I might not be able to get
|
|
|
- back by two.
|
|
|
- 三點鐘也好。
|
|
|
- A: Sāndiǎn zhōng yě hǎo. Three is fine also.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-* The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[145]
|
|
|
- 那麽，我三點鐘在樓下的會客室等您。
|
|
|
-7. B: Nàme, wǒ sāndiǎn zhōng zài Well then, I’ll wait for you in the
|
|
|
- lóuxiàde huìkèshì děng reception room downstairs at
|
|
|
- nín. three o’clock.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 好，三點見。
|
|
|
- A: Hǎo, sāndiǎn jiàn. Fine. I’ll see you at three.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
|
|
|
-(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-8. huídelái 回得來 to be able to get back in time
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-9. kòng(r) 空兒 free time, spare time
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-10. lóushàng 樓上 upstairs
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-11. shāngliang 商量 to discuss, to talk over
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-12. yǒu kòng(r) 有空兒 to have free time
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[146]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-VOCABULARY
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- bǐ 比 compared with, than
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- dāngmiàn 當面 in person, face to face
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- duì 對 to, towards; with regard to, with
|
|
|
- respect to
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- gōngfu 功夫 free time, spare time
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- héshì 合適 to be suitable, to be appropriate,
|
|
|
- to fit
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- huíbulái 回不來 to be unable to get back
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- huídelái 回得來 to be able to get back in time
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- huìkèshì (huìkèshǐ) 會客室 reception room
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- kēzhǎng 科長 section chief
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- kòng(r) 空兒 free time, spare time
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- lóushàng 樓上 upstairs
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- lóuxià 樓下 downstairs
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- nàme 那麽 well, then, in that case
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- shāngliang 商量 to discuss, to talk over
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- tán 談 to chat, to talk about
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- wéi 喂 hello (telephone greeting)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- yěxǔ 也許 perhaps, maybe
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- yìhuǐr 一會兒 a moment
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- yǒu gōngfu 有功夫 to have free time
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- yǒu kòng(r) 有空兒 to have free time
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- chūkǒu gōngsī 出口公司 export company
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- huì kè 會客 to receive guests
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- xiē 些 several, some
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- yǒu yòng 有用 to be useful
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[147]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-REFERENCE NOTES
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 喂
|
|
|
-1. B: Wéi. Hello.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 喂，你是朱科長嗎？
|
|
|
- A: Wài, nǐ shi Zhū Kēzhǎng ma? Hello. Are you Section Chief Zhū?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 是。您是哪位？
|
|
|
- B: Shì. Nín shi něiwèi? Yes. Who is this, please?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我是威廉馬丁。
|
|
|
- A: Wǒ shi Wēilián Mǎdīng. I’m William Martin.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 哦，馬丁先生，好久不見。你好啊？
|
|
|
- B: Òu, Mǎdīng Xiānsheng, hǎo Oh, Mr. Martin—I haven’t seen you
|
|
|
- jiǔ bú jiàn. Nǐ hǎo a? for quite a while. How are you?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 好。你好啊？
|
|
|
- A: Hǎo. Nǐ hǎo a? Fine. How are you?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 1
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Wéi is a greeting used in telephone conversations for “hello.” Some
|
|
|
-speakers pronounce this greeting as wài. Unlike most Chinese words, wèi
|
|
|
-has no fixed tone. The intonation varies according to the speaker’s mood.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Kēzhǎng: Kē means “section,” and zhǎng means “head of an organization.”
|
|
|
-Here are some examples of how -zhǎng，“chief,” “head,” is used:
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- kē 科 section
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- kēzhǎng 科長 section chief
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- chù 処 division
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- chùzhǎng 処長 division chief
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- xuéxiào 學校 school
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- xiàozhǎng 校長 principal, headmaster
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Nín shi něiwèi? Note the use of the polite terms nín and něiwèi. In
|
|
|
-the English translation, politeness is expressed by the use of the more
|
|
|
-indirect “Who is this” instead of “Who are you” and also by “please.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Hǎo jiǔ bú jiàn, “I haven’t seen you for quite a while,” is
|
|
|
-interchangeable with hǎo jiǔ méi jiàn.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我有點兒事想跟您當面談談。
|
|
|
-2. A: Wǒ yǒu dianr shì xiǎng gēn I have something I would like to
|
|
|
- nín dāngmiàn tántan. talk with you about in person.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 2
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Gēn: In No. 2 the word gēn is a prepositional verb translated as
|
|
|
-“with.” The preposition gēn, “with,” differs from the conjunction gēn,
|
|
|
-“and,” in two important ways: a) where stress may be placed b) where
|
|
|
-the negative may be placed.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[148]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(a) When gēn is used as the conjunction “and,” both items being joined
|
|
|
-are stressed and keep their tones. When gēn is used as the prepositional
|
|
|
-verb “with,” a pronoun which follows is unstressed and loses its tone.
|
|
|
-Notice the contrasting tones on tā in the following sentences:
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我跟他都來了。
|
|
|
- Wǒ gēn tǎ dōu lái le. Both he and I came.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我跟他來。
|
|
|
- Wǒ gēn ta lái. I’ll come with him.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(b) To make negative a sentence containing the conjunction gēn, “and,”
|
|
|
-the negative is placed with the main verb. In sentences containing the
|
|
|
-prepositional verb gēn, “with,” the negative precedes the prepositional
|
|
|
-verb. (You have seen this pattern with other prepositional verbs, for
|
|
|
-example, zài [see BIO, Unit 2, notes on Nos. 8–11].) Notice the
|
|
|
-contrasting positions of the negatives in the examples below:
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我跟他都沒有去。
|
|
|
- Wǒ gēn tā dōu méiyou qù. Neither he nor I went.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我沒有跟他去。
|
|
|
- Wǒ méiyou gēn ta qù. I didn’t go with him.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Dāngmiàn means “face-to-face.” Literally, dāng means “in the presence
|
|
|
-of,” and miàn means “face.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 不知道您有工夫沒有。
|
|
|
-3. A: Bù zhīdào nín yǒu gōngfu I don’t know whether you have the
|
|
|
- meiyou. time or not.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 有工夫。
|
|
|
- B: yǒu gōngfu. I have the time.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Note on No. 3
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Gōngfu, “time,” “free time,” “leisure time,” refers to a period of
|
|
|
-time during which a person is free, in the sense that his work may be
|
|
|
-interrupted.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Now you know three words for “time”: shíhou, shíjiān, gōngfu Shíhou may
|
|
|
-be used for either a point in time or an amount of time.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你什麽時候走？
|
|
|
- Nǐ shénme shíhou zǒu? When are you leaving?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 坐火車要走多少時候？
|
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- Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao How long does it take to go by train?
|
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- shíhou?
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-
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-Shíjiān refers to any amount of time, including the time when a person is
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|
-free.
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-
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- 從這兒到飛機場要多少時間？
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- Cóng zhèr dào fēijīchǎng How long does it take from here to
|
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- yào duōshao shíjiān? the airport?
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-
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- 今天沒有時間去。
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- Jīntiān měiyou shíjiān There isn’t time to go today,
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- qù.
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-
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-[149]
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-
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-Gōngfu, however, is used only for amounts of time which a person has
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-available for his own use.
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-
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- 你有沒有功夫跟我談談？
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- Nǐ yǒu méiyou gōngfu gēn Are you free to talk with me?
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- wo tántan?
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-
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-
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- 什麽時候對您合適。
|
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-4. A: Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? What time would suit you?
|
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|
-
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- 今天，明天都可以。
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- B: Jīntiān, míngtiān dōu kéyi. Either today or tomorrow would be
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- fine.
|
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|
-Notes on No. 4
|
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-
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|
-Duì, “to,” “towards,” “with regard to,” “with respect to,” is a
|
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|
-prepositional verb which originally meant “facing.” In modern Chinese,
|
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|
-its object introduces either the target of the action or the thing
|
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|
-concerned. Contrast this with gěi, “for”: the object introduced by gěi
|
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-receives the benefit of the action. These generalizations may help you
|
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-sort out some of the differences between duì and gěi. You might find
|
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|
-it helpful to memorize some examples, as well.
|
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|
-
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- duì INTRODUCING THE TARGET OF THE ACTION (“to”)
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-
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- 你的話是對誰説的。
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- Nǐde huà shi duì shéi shuōde? To whom were you speaking?
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-
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- 他對我很客氣。
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- Tā duì wǒ hěn kèqi. He is very polite to me.
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-
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- 你對我太好。
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- Nǐ duì wǒ tài hǎo. You are too good to me.
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-
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- duì INTRODUCING THE THING CONCERNED (“with regard to,” “with respect to”)
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-
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- 什麽時候對您合適？
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- Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? What time suits you?
|
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-
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- 什麽時候對您方便？
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- Shénme shíhou duì nín fāngbian? What time is convenient for you?
|
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-
|
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-Notice that the English is “for you” in the last example, but in Chinese
|
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|
-you must say “What time is convenient with regard to you?”
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-
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- gěi INTRODUCING THE BENEFICIARY
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-
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- 我給他寫了信了。
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- Wǒ gěi ta xiěle xìn le. I wrote him a letter.
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-
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- 這是一張十塊的，請您給我換換。
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- Zhè shi yìzhāng shíkuàide, Here’s a ten-dollar bill. Please
|
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- qǐng ni gěi wǒ huànhuan. change it for me.
|
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-
|
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- 請你給我寫你的地址。
|
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- Qǐng ni gěi wǒ xiě nǐde dìzhǐ. Would you write down your address
|
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|
- for me, please?
|
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|
-
|
|
|
-Héshì is an adjectival verb meaning “to fit,” “to suit,” “to be
|
|
|
-suitable/appropriate.” When trying on clothes in a store, you might
|
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|
-say Zhèige bù héshì, “This doesn’t fit.” In another situation, héshì
|
|
|
-could be translated very freely as “best”: Něitiān duì nín héshì?
|
|
|
-“What day would be best for you?”
|
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|
-
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|
-[150]
|
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-
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|
- 今天下午兩點鐘方便嗎？
|
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|
-5. A: Jīntiān xiàwǔ liǎngdiǎn Would two o’clock today be convenient?
|
|
|
- zhōng fāngbian ma?
|
|
|
-
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- 三點比兩點方便一點兒。
|
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|
- B: Sāndiǎn bǐ liǎngdiǎn fāngbian Three would be more convenient than
|
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|
- yìdiǎnr. two.
|
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|
-
|
|
|
-Note on No. 5
|
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|
-
|
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|
-Sāndiǎn bǐ liǎngdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎnr: Bǐ is a prepositional verb used
|
|
|
-to make comparisons between two things which are different.* In translating,
|
|
|
-you may find it helpful to think of bǐ as the English “compared with” or
|
|
|
-“than.”** Notice that the bǐ phrase precedes the adjectival verb or another
|
|
|
-predicate in a sentence.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-*A different pattern is used to say that two things are the same. (See
|
|
|
-MTG, Unit 3, notes on Nos. 4–5.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-**To say “A is not as ... as B,” you use a different construction, which
|
|
|
-you will learn in MTG, Unit 6, notes on No. 2.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 三點 比 兩點 方便一點兒。
|
|
|
- Sāndiǎn bǐ liǎngdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎnr.
|
|
|
- (3 o’clock than 2 o’clock more convenient)
|
|
|
- compared with
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- “Three is more convenient than two.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他 比 我 有 功夫。
|
|
|
- Tā bǐ wǒ yǒu gōngfu.
|
|
|
- (he than I have free time)
|
|
|
- compared with
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- “He has more free time than I do.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-The two elements being compared may be nouns, pronouns, verb phrases, or
|
|
|
-even full sentences. Actually, all elements Joined by bǐ act as nouns,
|
|
|
-as seen in the English translations of the examples below.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 坐飛機 比 坐火車 快
|
|
|
- Zuò fēijī bǐ zuò huǒchē kuài.
|
|
|
- (ride plane than ride train fast)
|
|
|
- compared with
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- “Going by plane is faster than going by train.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[151]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你來 比 我去 方便
|
|
|
- Nǐ lái bǐ wǒ qù fāngbian.
|
|
|
- (you come than I go convenient)
|
|
|
- compared with
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- “It’s more convenient for you to come than for me to go.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
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|
|
- 因爲我一會兒出去，也許兩點回不來。
|
|
|
-6. B: Yīnwei wǒ yìhuǐr chūqu, yěxǔ Since I’m going out in a little
|
|
|
- liǎngdiǎn huíbulái. while, I might not (he able to)
|
|
|
- get back by two.
|
|
|
- 三點鐘也好。
|
|
|
- A: Sāndiǎn zhōng yě hǎo. Three is fine also.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 6
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Yìhuǐr, “a little while”: When r is added to a syllable ending in i,
|
|
|
-the pronunciation changes to /er/. Yìhuǐr is actually pronounced yìhuěr.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Sentence placement of time phrases: Wǒ yìhuǐr chūqu is translated as
|
|
|
-“I’m going out IN a little while.” Contrast this with wǒ chūqu yìhuǐr,
|
|
|
-“I’m going out FOR a little while.” Let’s review the placement of different
|
|
|
-kinds of time expressions in a Chinese sentence.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-If you want to say when something happens (“yesterday”) or in how long
|
|
|
-something happens (“in two years”), you are using time phrases which in
|
|
|
-Chinese are considered to be POINTS IN TIME. Not only is a time phrase
|
|
|
-such as “two o’clock” a point in time, but a phrase such as “five days”
|
|
|
-can also be a point in time if the focus is on the end of this period of
|
|
|
-time. In English, this focus is expressed by “in five days,” “by the end
|
|
|
-of five days,” or “at the end of five days.” In Chinese, you do not need
|
|
|
-to use words such as “in,” “at,” or “by” because the position of the time
|
|
|
-phrase in the sentence indicates the meaning. Time phrases which are
|
|
|
-considered points in time are placed BEFORE THE VERB.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- WHEN (a point in time)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我昨天看見他了。
|
|
|
- Wǒ zuótiān kànjian ta le. I saw him yesterday.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我從前來過這裏。
|
|
|
- Wǒ cóngqián láiguo zhèli. I have been here before.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我兩點鐘回來。
|
|
|
- Wǒ liǎngdiǎn zhōng huílai. I’ll be back at two o’clock.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我一點鐘回不來。
|
|
|
- Wǒ yìdiǎn zhōng huíbulái. I can’t make it back by one o’clock.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- AT THE END OF/BY THE END OF (a period of time which is treated as
|
|
|
- a point in time because the focus is
|
|
|
- on the end point)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我三天就做完了。
|
|
|
- Wǒ sāntiān jiu zuòwán le. I finished doing it in (by the end
|
|
|
- of) three days.
|
|
|
- 我五分鐘就走。
|
|
|
- Wǒ wǔfēn zhōng jiu zǒu. I’m leaving in (at the end of) five
|
|
|
- minutes.
|
|
|
-[152]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你幾天回來？
|
|
|
- Ni jǐtiān huílai? In (at the end of) how many days will
|
|
|
- you come back?
|
|
|
- 你多久可以寫完？
|
|
|
- Nǐ duōjiu kéyi xiěwán? How long will it be before yo9u can
|
|
|
- finish writing it? (by the end
|
|
|
- of how long)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-On the other hand, phrases which express CONTINUATION OF TIME have a
|
|
|
-different place in sentences. To express an amount of time which passes,
|
|
|
-put the time expression AFTER THE VERB.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- DURATION (the length of time something continues)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我想跟他談一會兒。
|
|
|
- Wǒ xiǎng gēn tā tán yìhuǐr. I would like to talk with him for
|
|
|
- awhile.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他在香港住了一個星期。
|
|
|
- Tā zài Xiānggǎng zhùle yíge She stayed in Hong Kong for one week,
|
|
|
- xīngqī.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- TIME SINCE (the length of time which has passed since something
|
|
|
- happened)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他死了三年了。
|
|
|
- Tā sǐle sānnian le. He died three years ago.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我做完了一個鐘頭了。
|
|
|
- Wǒ zuòwánle yíge zhòngtóu le. It has been an hour since I finished.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Because yìhuír follows the verb in wǒ chūqu yìhuǐr, it indicates the length
|
|
|
-of time which will pass after I go out (chūqu). Yìhuǐr precedes the verb
|
|
|
-in wǒ yìhuǐr chūqu, indicating when I will go out (“in a little while”).
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Yěxǔ literally means “perhaps.” The word is often used where “may” or
|
|
|
-“might” would be appropriate in English.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Yěxǔ liǎngdiān huíbulái, “I might not (be able to) get back by two”:
|
|
|
-Notice that this expression liǎngdiān, in time-when position, before the
|
|
|
-verb, means “by” a certain time. Other time phrases in this position may
|
|
|
-also mean “by” a certain time.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Huíbulái is another form of huílái, “to come back.” Compound verbs of
|
|
|
-result may be split by the negative bu or the syllable de. Huílái may
|
|
|
-become either huídelái, “can come back,” or huíbulái, “can’t come back.”
|
|
|
-These two forms are called the potential forms of the verb; that is, the
|
|
|
-meaning “can/be able to” or “cannot/unable to” becomes part of the meaning
|
|
|
-of the compound. The following are examples of compound verbs of result
|
|
|
-and their potential forms.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- huílai 回來 to come back
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- huídelái 回得來 able to come back
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- huíbulái 回不來 not able to come back
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- kànjian 看見 to see
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- kàndejiàn 看得見 able to see
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- kànbujiàn 看不見 not able to see
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- láidejí 來得及 able to make it on time
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- láibují* 來不及 not able to make it on time
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-*The verb láidejí/láibují does not occur without the inserted -de- or -bu-.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[153]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- zuòwán 做完 to finish doing
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- zuòdewán 做得完 able to finished doing, able to be
|
|
|
- completed
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- zuòbuwán 做不完 not able to finish doing, not able
|
|
|
- to be completed
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Compound verbs of direction may also occur in the potential form:
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- nábushànglái 拿不上來 can’t carry up [to where you are]
|
|
|
- (i.e., because something is too
|
|
|
- heavy or bulky)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- kāideshàngqu 開得上去 can drive up [away from you]
|
|
|
- (i.e., it is not too steep)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- kāidechūlái 開得出來 can drive out
|
|
|
- (i.e., the parking place is not
|
|
|
- too tight)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- nábuxiàlái 拿不下來 can’t get [it] down
|
|
|
- (i.e., because it is too high,
|
|
|
- bolted on, etc.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- zǒudexiàqu 走得下去 can walk down
|
|
|
- (i.e., because it is not too far
|
|
|
- or too steep)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notice that the last syllables of these compound verbs (except for toneless
|
|
|
-qu) have full tones when they occur with -de- and -bu-.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那麽，我三點鐘在樓下的會客室等您。
|
|
|
-7. B: Nàme, wǒ sāndiǎn zhōng zài Well then, I’ll wait for you in the
|
|
|
- louxiàde huìkèshì děng nín. reception room downstairs at three
|
|
|
- o’clock.
|
|
|
- 好，三點見。
|
|
|
- A: Hǎo, sāndiǎn jiàn. Fine. I’ll see you at three.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 7
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Word order: The first sentence of exchange 7 illustrates the rule
|
|
|
-TIME—PLACE—ACTION.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Huìkèshì is also pronounced huìkèshǐ.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[154]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-8. huídelái 回得來 to be able to get back in time
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-9. kòng(r) 有空 free time, spare time
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-10. lóushàng 樓上 upstairs
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-11. shāngliang 商量 to discuss, to talk over
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-12. yǒu kòng(r) 有空兒 to have free time
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Here are some sentences illustrating the use of these vocabulary items:
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你三點鐘回得來回不來。
|
|
|
- Nǐ sāndiǎn zhōng huídelái Can you make it back by three o’clock?
|
|
|
- huíbulái?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 樓上還有人。
|
|
|
- Lóushàng hái yǒu rén? Are there still people upstairs?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我想和你商量。
|
|
|
- Wǒ xiǎng hé nǐ shāngliang I would like to talk over a matter
|
|
|
- yíjiàn shì. with you.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你今天下午有空兒。
|
|
|
- Nǐ jīntiān xiàwǔ yǒu kòngr Do you have time this afternoon?
|
|
|
- ma?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[155]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-DRILLS
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-A. Substitution Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我有點事想跟您當面談談。 我有點事想跟張科長當面談談。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng You: Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng gēn
|
|
|
- gēn nín dāngmiàn Zhāng Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn
|
|
|
- tántan. tántan.
|
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-
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- 張科長
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- (cue) Zhāng Kēzhǎng
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- (I have something I (I have something I would like
|
|
|
- would like to talk to talk with Section Chief
|
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|
- with you about in Zhāng about in person.)
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- person.)
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-
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- 我有點事想跟張科長當面談談。 我有點事想跟他當面談談。
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-2. Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng gēn Zhāng Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng gēn tā
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- Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan. dāngmiàn tántan.
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-
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- 他
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- tā
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-
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- 我有點事想跟他當面談談。 我有點事想跟魏武官談談。
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-3. Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng gēn tā Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng gēn Wèi
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- dāngmiàn tántan. Wǔguān tántan.
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-
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- 魏武官
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- Wèi Wǔguān
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-
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- 我有點事想跟魏武官當面談談。 我有點事想跟王少校當面談談。
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-4. Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng gēn Wèi Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng gēn Wáng
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- Wǔguān dāngmiàn tántan. Shàoxiào dāngmiàn tántan.
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-
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- 王少校
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- Wáng Shàoxiào
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-
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- 我有點事想跟王少校當面談談。 我有點事想跟林先生當面談談。
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-5. Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng gēn Wáng Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng gēn Lín
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- Shàoxiào dāngmiàn tántan. Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan.
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-
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- 林先生
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|
- Lín Xiānsheng
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-
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- 我有點事想跟林先生當面談談。 我有點事想跟劉科長當面談談。
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-6. Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng gēn Lín Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng gēn Liú
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- Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan. Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan.
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-
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- 劉科長
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- Liú Kēzhǎng
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-
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- 我有點事想跟劉科長當面談談。
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|
-7. Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng gēn Liú
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|
- Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan.
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-
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-
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|
-B. Transformation Drill
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-
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|
- 您明天來了嗎？ 不知道您明天來不來。
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|
-1. Speaker: Nín míngtiān lái ma? You: Bù zhīdào nín míngtiān lái
|
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|
- (Are you coming bu lái.
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|
- tomorrow?) (I don’t know whether you are
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|
- coming tomorrow or not.)
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-
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|
- 他走了嗎？ 不知道他走了沒有。
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- OR Tā zǒu le ma? Bù zhīdào tā zǒu le meiyou.
|
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|
- (Has he gone?) (I don’t know whether he has
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|
- gone or not.)
|
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-
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|
-[156]
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-
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- 您有功夫嗎？ 不知道您有功夫沒有。
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|
-2. Nín yǒu gōngfu ma? Bù zhīdào nín yǒu gōngfu meiyou.
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-
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|
- 他昨天去了嗎？ 不知道他昨天去了沒有。
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-3. Tā zuótiān qù le ma? Bù zhīdào tā zuótiān qù le meiyou,
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-
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|
|
- 他有錢嗎？ 不知道他有錢沒有。
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-4. Tā yǒu qiǎn ma? Bù zhīdào tā yǒu qián meiyou.
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-
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- 他還要嗎？ 不知道他還要不要。
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-5. Tā hái yào ma? Bù zhīdào tā hái yào bu yào.
|
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-
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- 他買了嗎？ 不知道他買了沒有。
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-6. Tā mǎi le ma? Bù zhīdào tā mǎi le meiyou.
|
|
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-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-C. Transformation Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 什麽時候對您合適？ 三點對您合適嗎？
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Shénme shíhou duì nín You: Sāndiǎn duì nín héshì ma?
|
|
|
- héshì? (Would three o’clock suit you?)
|
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|
-
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|
- 三點
|
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|
- (cue) sāndiǎn
|
|
|
- (What time would suit
|
|
|
- you?)
|
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|
-
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|
- 星期幾對您合適？ 星期二對您合適嗎？
|
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|
-2. Xīngqījǐ duì nín héshì? Xīngqīèr duì nín héshì ma?
|
|
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-
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|
|
- 星期二
|
|
|
- Xīngqīèr
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 在幾樓對您合適？ 在五樓對您合適嗎？
|
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|
-3. Zài jǐlou duì nín héshì? Zài wǔlóu duì nín héshì ma?
|
|
|
-
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|
|
- 五樓
|
|
|
- wǔlóu
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 對您合適？ 明天對您合適嗎？
|
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|
-4. Něitiān duì nín héshì? Míngtiān duì nín héshì ma?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 明天
|
|
|
- míngtiān
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 什麽時候對您合適？ 早上對您合適嗎？
|
|
|
-5. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? Zǎoshang duì nín héshì ma?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 早上
|
|
|
- zǎoshang
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 什麽時候對您合適？ 晚上對您合適嗎？
|
|
|
-6. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? Wǎnshang duì nín héshì ma?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 晚上
|
|
|
- wǎnshang
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 幾點對您合適？ 十點對您合適嗎？
|
|
|
-7. Jǐdiǎn duì nín héshì? Shídiǎn duì nín héshì ma?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 十點
|
|
|
- shídiǎn
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[157]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-D. Response Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 什麽時候對您合適？ 今天，明天都可以。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Shénme shíhou duì nín You: Jīntiān, míngtiān dōu kéyi.
|
|
|
- héshì? (Either today or tomorrow
|
|
|
- would be fine.)
|
|
|
- 今天
|
|
|
- (cue) jīntiān
|
|
|
- (What time would suit
|
|
|
- you?)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 幾點對您合適？ 三點，四點都可以。
|
|
|
-2. Jǐdiǎn duì nín héshì? Sāndiǎn, sìdiǎn dōu kéyi.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 三點
|
|
|
- sāndiǎn
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 星期幾對您合適？ 星期一，星期二都可以。
|
|
|
-3. Xīngqījǐ duì nín héshì? Xīngqīyī, Xīngqīèr dōu kéyi,
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 星期一
|
|
|
- Xīngqīyī
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 幾號對您合適？ 四號，五號都可以。
|
|
|
-4. Jǐhào duì nín héshì? Sìhào, wǔhào dōu kéyi.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 四號
|
|
|
- sìhào
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 什麽時候對您合適？ 上午，下午都可以。
|
|
|
-5. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? Shàngwǔ, xiàwǔ dōu kéyi.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 上午
|
|
|
- shàngwǔ
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 哪天對您合適？ 明天，後天都可以。
|
|
|
-6. Něitiān duì nín héshì? Míngtiān, hòutiān dōu kéyi.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 明天
|
|
|
- míngtiān
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 星期幾對您合適？ 星期六星期天都可以。
|
|
|
-7. Xīngqījǐ duì nín héshì? Xīngqīliù, Xīngqītiān dōu kéyi.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 星期六
|
|
|
- Xīngqīliù
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-E. Transformation Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 什麽地方對您方便？ 樓上對您方便，還是樓下對您方便？
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Shénme dìfang duì nín You: lóushàng duì nín fāngbian,
|
|
|
- fāngbian? háishi lóuxià duì nín
|
|
|
- fāngbian?
|
|
|
- 樓上 (Would upstairs or downstairs
|
|
|
- (cue) lóushàng be more convenient for you?)
|
|
|
- (What place would be
|
|
|
- convenient for you?)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 什麽時候對您方便？ 三點候對您方便，還是四點候對您方便？
|
|
|
-2. Shénme shíhou duì nín fāngbian? Sāndiǎn duì nín fāngbian, háishi
|
|
|
- sìdiǎn duì nín fāngbian?
|
|
|
- 三點
|
|
|
- sāndiǎn
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 幾號 六號六號對您方便，還是七號對您方便？
|
|
|
-3. Jǐhào duì nín fāngbian? Liùhào duì nín fāngbian, háishi
|
|
|
- qíhào duì nín fāngbian?
|
|
|
- 六號
|
|
|
- liùhào
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 對您方便？ 明天對您方便，還是後天對您方便？
|
|
|
-4. Něitiān duì nín fāngbian? Míngtiān duì nín fāngbian, háishi
|
|
|
- hòutian duì nín fāngbian?
|
|
|
- 明天
|
|
|
- míngtiān
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 對您方便？ 上午對您方便，還是下午對您方便？
|
|
|
-5. Shénme shíhou duì nín fāngbian? Shàngwǔ duì nín fāngbian, háishi
|
|
|
- xiàwǔ duì nín fāngbian?
|
|
|
- 上午
|
|
|
- shàngwǔ
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[158]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 對您方便？ 星期三對您方便，還是星期四對您方便？
|
|
|
-6. Xīngqījǐ duì nín fāngbian? Xīngqīsān duì nín fāngbian, háishi
|
|
|
- Xīngqīsì duì nín fāngbian?
|
|
|
- 星期三
|
|
|
- Xīngqīsān
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 對您方便？ 九點對您方便，還是十點對您方便？
|
|
|
-7. Jǐdiǎn duì nín fāngbian? Jiǔdiān duì nín fāngbian, háishi
|
|
|
- shídiǎn duì nín fāngbian?
|
|
|
- 九點
|
|
|
- jǐǔdiǎn
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-F. Expansion Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 三點方便一點。 三點比四點方便一點。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Sāndiǎn fāngbian yìdiān. You: Sāndiǎn bǐ sìdiǎn fāngbian
|
|
|
- yìdiǎn.
|
|
|
- 四點 (Three o’clock is a little
|
|
|
- (cue) sìdiǎn more convenient than four
|
|
|
- (Three o’clock is a o’clock.)
|
|
|
- little more
|
|
|
- convenient.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 三號方便一點。 三號比五號方便一點。
|
|
|
-2. Sānhào fāngbian yìdiǎn. Sānhào bǐ wǔhào fāngbian yìdiǎn.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 五號
|
|
|
- wǔhào
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 樓上方便一點。 樓上比樓下方便一點。
|
|
|
-3. Lóushàng fāngbian yìdiǎn. Lóushàng bǐ lóuxià fāngbian yìdiǎn.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 樓下
|
|
|
- lóuxià
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他的錢多一點。 他的錢比我的多一點。
|
|
|
-4. Tāde qián duō yìdiǎn. Tāde qián bǐ wǒde duō yìdiǎn.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我的
|
|
|
- wǒde
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他去好一點。 他去比我去好一點。
|
|
|
-5. Tā qù hǎo yìdiǎn. Tā qù bǐ wǒ qù hǎo yìdiǎn.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我去
|
|
|
- wǒ qù
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他大一點。 他比我大一點。
|
|
|
-6. Tā dà yìdiǎn. Tā bǐ wǒ dà yìdiǎn.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我
|
|
|
- wǒ
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這個大一點。 這個比那個大一點。
|
|
|
-7. Zhèige dà yìdiǎn. Zhèige bǐ nèige dà yìdiǎn.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那個
|
|
|
- nèige
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-G. Expansion Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他説得快一點。 他説得比我快一點。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Tā shuōde kuài yìdiǎn. You: Tā shuōde bǐ wǒ kuài yìdiǎn
|
|
|
- (He speaks a little (He speaks a little faster
|
|
|
- fast.) than I do.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他來得早一點。 他來得比我早一點。
|
|
|
-2. Tā láide zǎo yìdiǎn. Tā láide bǐ wǒ zǎo yìdiǎn.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他走得晚一點。 他走得比我晚一點。
|
|
|
-3. Tā zǒude wǎn yìdiǎn. Tā zǒude bǐ wǒ wǎn yìdiǎn.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他做得好一點。 他做得比我好一點。
|
|
|
-4. Tā zuòde hǎo yìdiǎn. Tā zuòde bǐ wǒ hǎo yìdiǎn.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他賣得少一點。 他賣得比我少一點。
|
|
|
-5. Tā mǎide shǎo yìdiǎn. Tā mǎide bǐ wǒ shǎo yìdiǎn.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[159]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他賣得多一點。 他賣得比我多一點。
|
|
|
-6. Tā màide duō yìdiǎn. Tā màide bǐ wǒ duō yìdiǎn.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他學得慢一點。 他學得比我慢一點。
|
|
|
-7. Tā xuéde màn yìdiǎn. Tā xuéde bǐ wǒ màn yìdiǎn.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-H. Response Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你什麽時候出去？ 我有一會兒就出去。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Nǐ shénme shíhou chūqu? You: Wǒ yìhuǐr jiù chūqu.
|
|
|
- (What time are you (I’m going out in Just a little
|
|
|
- going out?) while.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你出去多久。 我就出去一會兒。
|
|
|
- OR Nǐ chūqu duó jiǔ? Wǒ jiù chūqu yìhuīr.
|
|
|
- (For how long are you (I’m Just going out for a
|
|
|
- going out?) little while.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你什麽時候出來？ 我一會兒就出來。
|
|
|
-2. Nǐ shénme shíhou chūlai? Wǒ yìhuǐr jiù chūlai.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你去多久？ 我就去一會兒。
|
|
|
-3. Nǐ qù duó jiǔ? Wǒ jiù qù yìhuǐr.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他什麽時候來？ 他一會兒就去。
|
|
|
-4. Tā shénme shíhou lái? Tā yìhuǐr jiù lái.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他看多久？ 他就看一會兒。
|
|
|
-5. Tā kàn duó jiǔ? Tā jiù kàn yìhuǐr.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你什麽時候走？ 我一會兒就走。
|
|
|
-6. Nǐ shénme shíhou zǒu? Wǒ yìhuǐr jiù zǒu.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-I. Response Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 張先生明天回得來回不來？ 張先生後天才回來。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Zhāng Xiānsheng míngtiān You: Zhāng Xiānsheng hòutiān cái
|
|
|
- huídelái huíbulái? huílai.
|
|
|
- (Will Mr. Zhāng be (Mr. Zhāng won’t be able to
|
|
|
- able to come back come back until day after
|
|
|
- tomorrow?) tomorrow.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 王女士星期四回得來回不來？ 才回來。
|
|
|
-2. Wáng Nǚshì Xíngqīsì huídelái Wǎng Nǚshì Xíngqīwǔ cái huílai.
|
|
|
- huíbulái?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 李同志十一點回得來回不來？ 李同志十二點才回來。
|
|
|
-3. Lǐ Tóngzhì shíyīdiǎn huídelái Lǐ Tóngzhì shíèrdiǎn cái huílai.
|
|
|
- huíbulái?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 林科長二十號回得來回不來？ 林科長二十一號才回來。
|
|
|
-4. Lín Kēzhǎng èrshihào huídelái Lín Kēzhǎng èrshiyīhào cái huílai.
|
|
|
- huíbulái?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 魏少校這個月回得來回不來？ 魏少校下個月才回來。
|
|
|
-5. Wèi Shàoxiào zhèige yuè Wèi Shàoxiào xiàge yuè cái huílai.
|
|
|
- huídelái huíbulái?
|
|
|
-
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|
-[160]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 楊先生早上回得來回不來？ 楊先生晚上才回來。
|
|
|
-6. Yáng Xiānsheng zǎoshang huídelái Yáng Xiānsheng wǎnshang cái huílai.
|
|
|
- huíbulái?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 趙同志今天回得來回不來？ 趙同志明天才回來。
|
|
|
-7. Zhào Tóngzhì jīntiān huídelái Zhào Tóngzhì míngtiān cái huílai.
|
|
|
- huíbulái?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-J. Expansion Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那麽，我在這兒等您。 那麽，我一會兒在這兒等您。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Nàme, wǒ zài zhèr děng You: Nàme, wǒ yìhuǐr zài zhèr děng
|
|
|
- nín. nín.
|
|
|
- (cue) in a moment (In that case, in a moment
|
|
|
- (In that case, I’ll I’ll wait for you here.)
|
|
|
- wait for you here.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那麽，我在樓下等他。 那麽，我在樓下等他一會兒。
|
|
|
-2. Nàme, wǒ zài lóuxià děng ta. Nàme, wǒ zài lóuxià děng ta yìhuǐr.
|
|
|
- for a moment
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那麽，我在樓上等他。 那麽，我在樓上等他。
|
|
|
-3. Nàme, wǒ zài lóushàng děng ta. Nàme, wǒ yìdiǎn zhōng zài lóushàng
|
|
|
- at one o’clock děng ta.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那麽，我在他那兒等您。 那麽，我在他那兒等您十分鐘。
|
|
|
-4. Nàme, wǒ zài tā nàr děng nín. Nàme, wǒ zài tā nàr děng nín shífēn
|
|
|
- for ten minutes zhōng.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那麽，我在他家等您。 那麽，我一會兒在他家等您。
|
|
|
-5. Nàme, wǒ zài tā jiā děng nín. Nàme, wǒ yìhuǐr zài tā jiā děng nín.
|
|
|
- in a moment
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那麽，我在小賣部等您。 那麽，我在小賣部等您五分鐘。
|
|
|
-6. Nàme, wǒ zài xiǎomàibù děng nín. Nàme, wǒ zài xiǎomàibù děng nín
|
|
|
- for five minutes wǔfēn zhōng.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那麽，我在這兒等他。 那麽，我在這兒等他一會兒。
|
|
|
-7. Nàme, wǒ zài zhèr děng ta. Nàme, wǒ zài zhèr děng ta yìhuǐr.
|
|
|
- for a moment
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[161]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-UNIT 2
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-REFERENCE LIST
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(in Běijīng)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 喂，美大司。
|
|
|
-1. C: Wèi, Měidàsī. Hello. Department of American and
|
|
|
- Oceanic Affairs.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我是加拿大大使館的喬治達菲。 我有
|
|
|
- 一件事想跟王科長講一講。
|
|
|
- A: Wǒ shi Jiānádà Dàshiguǎnde I am George Duffy of the Canadian
|
|
|
- Qiáozhì Dáfēi. Wǒ yǒu Embassy. I have something I
|
|
|
- yíjiàn shì xiǎng gēn Wáng would like to discuss with Section
|
|
|
- Kēzhǎng jiǎngyijiang. Chief Wáng.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 哦，她現在開會。
|
|
|
-2. C: Òu, tā xiànzài zài kāi huì. Oh, she is at a meeting now.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 等她外晚會我告诵她給你回電話。
|
|
|
- C: Děng tā kāiwán huì wǒ When she is finished with the
|
|
|
- gàosong tā gěi ni huí meeting, I will tell her to
|
|
|
- diànhuà. return your call.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 好，謝謝你，
|
|
|
-3. A: Hǎo, xièxie ni. Fine. Thank you.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 不謝。
|
|
|
- C: Bú xiè. Don’t mention it.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 對不起，今天早上你打電話來的時候
|
|
|
- 我在開會，沒時間跟你説話。
|
|
|
-4. B: Duìbuqǐ, jīntiān zǎoshang I’m sorry. When you called here
|
|
|
- nǐ dǎ diànhuà laide this morning, I was in a meeting
|
|
|
- shíhou wǒ zài kāi huì, and didn’t have time to speak
|
|
|
- méi shíjiān gēn ni shuō with you.
|
|
|
- huà.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 沒關係。我知道你很忙。
|
|
|
- A: Méi guānxi. Wǒ zhīdào nǐ It doesn’t matter. I know you are
|
|
|
- hěn máng. very busy.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我給你打電話目的是想跟你當面談談。
|
|
|
-5. A: Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi The reason I called you is that I
|
|
|
- shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn would like to talk with you in
|
|
|
- tántan. person.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 好啊。什麽時候啊？
|
|
|
- B: Hǎo a. Shénme shíhou a? All right. When?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 明天對你合適嗎？
|
|
|
-6. A: Míngtiān duì ni héshì ma? Would tomorrow be all right for you?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 明天下午什麽時候都可以，
|
|
|
- B: Míngtiān xiàwǔ shénme shíhou Any time tomorrow afternoon would
|
|
|
- dōu kéyi. be fine.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 在哪兒見呢？
|
|
|
-7. A: Zài nǎr jiàn ne? Where shall we meet?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 兩點鐘請你到我這兒，行不行？
|
|
|
- B: Liǎngdiǎn zhōng qǐng ni dào Please come over here at two o’clock
|
|
|
- wǒ zhèr lái, xíng bu xíng? All right?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 好。明天兩點鐘見。
|
|
|
- A: Hǎo. Míngtiān liǎngdiǎn Okay. See you tomorrow at two
|
|
|
- zhōng jiàn. o’clock.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[162]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
|
|
|
-(not presented, on C-l and. P-1 tapes)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-8. guānxi 關係 relation, relationship, connection
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-9. jiǎng huà 講話 to speak, to talk; a speech
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-10. lǐngshiguǎn 領事館 consulate
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-11. shìqing (yíjiàn) 事情 (一件) matter, business, affair
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-12. sīzhǎng 司長 department chief
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-13. yǒu guānxi 有關係 to relate to, to have a bearing on,
|
|
|
- to matter
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[163]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-VOCABULARY
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- bú xiè 不謝 don’t mention it
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- dàshiguǎn 大使館 embassy
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- diànhuà 電話 telephone, phone call
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- guānxi 關係 relation, relationship, connection
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- -jiàn 件 (counter for matters, business, affairs)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- jiǎng 講 to discuss (something), to talk about (something)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- jiǎng huà 講話 to speak, to talk; a speech
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- kāi huì 開會 to attend a meeting
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- kāiwán huì 開完會 to finish a meeting
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- língshiguǎn 領事館 consulate
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- Měidàsī 美大司 Department of American and Oceanic Affairs
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- méi guānxi 沒關係 it doesn’t matter
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- mùdi 目的 reason, objective, purpose
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- shì (yíjiàn) 事 (意見) matter, business, affair
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- shìqing (yíjiàn) 事情 (意見) matter, business, affair
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- shuō huà 説話 to speak
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- sīzhǎng 司長 department chief
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- yǒu guānxi 有關係 to relate, to have a bearing on, to matter
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- zài 在 in the midst of (marker of ongoing action)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- chī 吃 to eat
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- dàxuéshēng 大學生 college student
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- diànhuà hàomǎ 電話號碼 telephone number
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- dù jià 度假 to spend one’s vacation
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- hòulài 後來 later
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- láodòng 勞動 to do manual labor
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- Qíngbàosī 情報司 Intelligence Bureau (part of the
|
|
|
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs, PRC)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- shēnghuó 生活 life
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- tóngyì 同意 to agree
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[164]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-REFERENCE NOTES
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 喂，美大司。
|
|
|
-1. C: Wèi, Měidàsī. Hello. Department of American and
|
|
|
- Oceanic Affairs.
|
|
|
- 我是加拿大大使館的喬治達菲
|
|
|
- A: Wǒ shi Jiānádà Dàshīguǎnde I am George Duffy of the Canadian
|
|
|
- Qiáozhì Dáfēi. Wǒ you Embassy. I have something I would
|
|
|
- yíjiàn shi xiǎng gēn Wáng like to discuss with Section Chief
|
|
|
- Kēzhǎng jiǎngyijiǎng. Wang.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 1
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Měidàsī: In Chinese, abbreviations are made up of one syllable from
|
|
|
-each word in a term. In Měidàsī, měi stands for Měizhōu (美洲), “American
|
|
|
-continent.” Dà stands for Dàyángzhōu (大洋洲), “Oceania” (the islands of
|
|
|
-the South Central Pacific, including Australia and New Zealand). The ending
|
|
|
-sī means “department.” It is used only within organizations on the national
|
|
|
-level.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Dàshiguǎn: The word guǎn means “building” or “establishment,” as in
|
|
|
-fànguǎn, an establishment where food is sold. The examples below illustrate
|
|
|
-the use of guǎn.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- dàshǐ 大使 ambassador
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- dàshiguǎn 大使館 embassy
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- lǐngshì 領事 consul
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- lǐngshiguǎn 領事館 consulate
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- zhǎnlǎn 展覽 exhibit
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- zhǎnlǎnguǎn 展覽館 exhibition hall
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notice that the shǐ in dàshǐguǎn and the shì in līngshiguǎn lose their
|
|
|
-tones.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Yíjiàn shì: The counter -jiàn in this expression is also the counter
|
|
|
-for luggage. Yíjiàn shì literally means “a piece of business.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Jiǎng and jiǎng huà: The English word “speak,” meaning the activity
|
|
|
-in general, must he translated into Chinese with a verb and its GENERAL
|
|
|
-OBJECT: jiǎng huà In other uses, the verb “to speak,” jiǎng, may be
|
|
|
-followed by a specific object or a phrase showing duration, or it may be
|
|
|
-changed into a multisyllabic verb, such as jiǎngyijiǎng. Other verbs which
|
|
|
-are used the same way are shuō huà, xiě zì, and niàn shū.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他在講中國的事情。
|
|
|
- Tā zài jiǎng Zhōngguode He is talking about Chinese affairs
|
|
|
- shìqing.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他已經講了不少。
|
|
|
- Tā yǐjīng jiǎngle bù shǎo. He has already said a lot.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他的講話很有意思。
|
|
|
- Tāde jiǎng huà hěn yǒu yìsi. His talk was very interesting.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Jiǎng is not used to say that someone said something. Instead, shuō is used.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他説他不能來。
|
|
|
- Tā shuō tā bù néng lái. He said he could not come.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[165]
|
|
|
- 哦，她現在開會
|
|
|
-2. C: Òu, tā xiànzài zài kāi huì. Oh, she is at a meeting now.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 等她外晚會我告诵她給你回電話。
|
|
|
- C: Děng tā kāiwán huì wǒ gàosong When she is finished with the meeting,
|
|
|
- tā gěi ni huí diànhuà. I will tell her to return your call.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 2
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Zài is the aspect marker for ongoing actions. It indicates that the
|
|
|
-action is in progress. The corresponding verb in the English translation
|
|
|
-usually ends in -ing. Zài is used only with verbs which express actual
|
|
|
-dynamic action. State and process verbs may not be used with zài. Many
|
|
|
-action verbs may be used with zài, but some do not have enough “action”
|
|
|
-to be used (e.g., “sitting”).
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他來的時候，你在念書。
|
|
|
- Tā láide shíhou, ní zài When he came, you were studying,
|
|
|
- niàn shū.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他們在看電影。
|
|
|
- Tāmen zài kàn diànyìng. They are watching a movie.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他們在喝咖啡。
|
|
|
- Tāmen zài hē kāfēi. They are drinking coffee.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他們在上課。
|
|
|
- Tāmen zài shàng kè. They are having class.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Zài is placed in front of the verb, unlike other aspect markers, such as
|
|
|
-le, guo, and de.
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-
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-To make ongoing-action sentences negative, use bù. To form a question with
|
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-zài, use shì bu shi zài, zài...ma, or zài bu zai.
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-
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- 學生在上課嗎？
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- Xuésheng zài shàng kè ma? Are the students having class?
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-
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- 他們不在上課，已經走了。
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- Tāmen bú zài shàng kè, yǐjīng They are not having class. They
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- zǒu le. have already left.
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-
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- 他來的時候，你是不是在念書？
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- Tā láide shíhou, nǐ shì bu Weren’t you studying when he came
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- shi zài niàn shu? over?
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-
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- 不，不在念書，已經玩兒去了。
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- Bù, bú zài niàn shū, yǐjīng No, I wasn’t studying. I had already
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- wánr qu le. gone out to play.
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-
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- 他在不在看電視？
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- Tā zài bu zai kàn diànshì? Is he watching television?
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-
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-The aspect marker zài and the aspect marker ne often occur in the same
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-sentence, indicating absence of change.
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-
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- 她在看報呢。
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- Tā zài kàn bào ne. She is reading the paper.
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-
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-Sometimes ne is used without zài.
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-
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- 她看報呢。
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- Tā kàn bào ne. She is reading the paper.
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-
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-Děng, literally “to wait”: In the second sentence of No. 2, the verb
|
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-děng is used at the beginning of a phrase to mean “when.” Děng may be used
|
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-with de shíhou, “when,” in the same phrase. Often, the second part of a
|
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-sentence beginning with děng will contain an adverb meaning “then”—jiù,
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-zài, or cái.
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-
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-[166]
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-
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- 等你看完報紙，我們出去買菜。
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- Děng nǐ kànwán bàozhǐ, wǒmen When you have finished the paper,
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- chūqu mǎi cài. we will go out to buy groceries.
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-
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- 學英文難不難？
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- Xué Yīngwén nán bu nán? Is it hard to learn English?
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-
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- 等你學的時候就知道了。
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- Děng nǐ xuéde shíhou jiù When you study it, then you’ll know.
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- zhīdao le.
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-
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- 你不是有一件事要告诵我嗎？
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- Nǐ bú shi yǒu yíjiàn shì yào Don’t you have something you want
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- gàosong wǒ ma? to tell me?
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-
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- 等吃完飯再説。
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- Děng chīwán fàn zài shuō. Wait until we finish eating; then
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- we’ll talk about it.
|
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-
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-The translation of děng as “wait until,” in the last example above, might
|
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|
-suggest that the word is used only in future contexts. But děng is also
|
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|
-used in past contexts:
|
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-
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- 昨天他沒有和你一起去看電影嗎？
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- Zuótiān tā méiyou hé ni Didn’t he go out with you to a movie
|
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- yìqǐ qù kàn diànyǐng ma? last night?
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-
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- 沒有。等他回來的時候都十一點了。
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- Méiyou. Děng tā huílaide No. It was already eleven o’clock
|
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- shíhou dōu shíyīdiǎn le. when he got home.
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-
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- 昨天他八點鐘才回家。等他回家我們才做飯，
|
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|
- 你想幾點才吃飯！
|
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- Zuótiān tā bādiǎn zhōng cái Yesterday he didn’t get home until
|
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- huí jiā. Děng tā huí jiā eight o’clock. We didn’t fix
|
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- wǒmen cái zuò fàn, nǐ xiǎng dinner until he got home; so
|
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- jǐdiǎn cái chī fàn! imagine what time it was when
|
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- we ate!
|
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-
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|
-Kāi huì, “to meet,” “to hold a meeting,” is an example of a verb and
|
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|
-its general object.
|
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-
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-Kāiwán, “finish holding [the meeting]”: Wán is the verb “to finish.”
|
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-It is used as an ending in a compound verb of result in No. 2.* Wán
|
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|
-expresses the idea of “over,” “up,” as in “Class is over,” “All the paper
|
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|
-has been used up.”
|
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-
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-But be careful: wán is not used as a main verb when an object follows the
|
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|
-verb. Instead of saying “finish this,” using wán by itself, you would say
|
|
|
-bǎ zhèige chīwán, “finish eating this”; bǎ zhèige zuòwán, “finish doing
|
|
|
-this”; or bǎ zhèige kànwán, “finish reading this.”
|
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|
-
|
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|
-Wán may sometimes be used as a main verb when there is no object, as in
|
|
|
-Diànyīng wán le, “The movie is finished.” But far more often wán occurs
|
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|
-as an ending which indicates result.
|
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-
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|
-Diànhuà (literally, “electric speech”) may mean either “telephone” or
|
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|
-“telephone call.”
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|
-
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|
-Huí diànhuà, “to return a phone call,” “to call back”: you have learned
|
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|
-the verb huí, “to return,” as in Nǐ shenme shíhou huíqu? “When are you going
|
|
|
-back?” In No. 2, huí takes a direct object, diànhuà. Compare huí diànhuà
|
|
|
-with dǎ diànhuà, “to make a phone call,” which is found in exchange 4.
|
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|
-
|
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|
-*You have already seen wán in Piào dōu màiwán le.
|
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-
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|
-[167]
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-
|
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-Gěi ni huí diànhuà, “call you ’back”: you have learned the prepositional
|
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|
-verb gěi, meaning “for [the benefit of].” In gěi ni huí diànhuà, gěi is
|
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|
-translated as “to.” Because there are two meanings for gěi, occasionally
|
|
|
-a sentence may be ambiguous. For example, Wǒ gěi ta jìqule liǎngbāo cháyè
|
|
|
-means either “I sent two packages of tea to him” or “I mailed out two
|
|
|
-packages of tea for him.”
|
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|
-
|
|
|
-Duì is also translated as “to.” Duì introduces the target; gěi introduces
|
|
|
-the receiver. In other words, duì expresses the intended direction but
|
|
|
-does not necessarily imply that the target is reached. Gěi usually implies
|
|
|
-receiving, as you might expect, since it means “give” as a full verb.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-You use gěi to indicate the receiver when you say
|
|
|
-
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|
|
- 給她打電話
|
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|
- gěi ta dǎ diànhuà telephone her
|
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|
-
|
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|
- 給她寫一封信
|
|
|
- gěi ta xiě yìfēng xìn write her a letter
|
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|
-
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|
- 給她買了一個房子
|
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|
- gěi ta mǎile yige fángzi bought her a house
|
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|
-
|
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|
-But, to indicate the target, you say
|
|
|
-
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- 給她好
|
|
|
- duì ta hǎo be nice to her
|
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|
-
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|
- 對他客氣
|
|
|
- duì ta kèqi be polite to him
|
|
|
-
|
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|
- 對她生氣
|
|
|
- duì ta shēngqì get angry at her
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notice that duì is used especially to indicate the target of feelings and
|
|
|
-attitudes, while gěi is used with actions such as calling, mailing, and
|
|
|
-sending.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 好，謝謝你。
|
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|
-3. A: Hǎo, xièxie ni. Fine. Thank you.
|
|
|
-
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|
- 不謝。
|
|
|
- C: Bú xiè. Don’t mention it.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Note on No. 3
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Bú xiè is an idiom meaning something like “don’t thank [me].”
|
|
|
-(Literally, “Don’t thank me” would be Bié xiè wǒ (別謝我).)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[168]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 對不起，今天早上你打電話來的時候我
|
|
|
- 在開會，沒時間跟你説話。
|
|
|
-4. B: Duìbuqī, jīntiān zǎoshang nǐ I’m sorry. When you called here
|
|
|
- dǎ diànhuà láide shíhou wǒ this morning, I was in a meeting
|
|
|
- zài kāi huì, méi shíjiān and didn’t have time to speak
|
|
|
- gēn ni shuō huà. with you.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 沒關係。我知道你很忙。
|
|
|
- A: Méi guānxi. Wǒ zhīdào nǐ It doesn’t matter. I know you are
|
|
|
- hěn máng. very busy.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 4
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Dǎ diànhuà means “to make a phone call.” (Literally, dǎ means “to hit.”)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我昨天晚上給馬太太打了一個電話。
|
|
|
- Wǒ zuótiān wǎnshang gěi Mǎ I called Mrs. Mǎ last night.
|
|
|
- Tàitai dǎle yige diànhuà.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我打兩個電話就來。
|
|
|
- Wǒ dǎ liǎngge diànhuà jiù I’ll be right there after I make
|
|
|
- lái. a couple of phone calls.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Shuō huà, “to speak,” is a verb with a general object—literally,
|
|
|
-“speak words.” Verb + general object is often translated into English
|
|
|
-by a verb alone: niàn shū, “to study”; kāi chē, “to drive.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Méi guānxi: Other translations for this very useful expression are
|
|
|
-“that’s okay,” “don’t worry about it,” “it doesn’t make any difference.”
|
|
|
-Literally, méi guānxi would be translated as “there isn’t any connection.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我給你打電話目的是想跟你當面談談。
|
|
|
-5. A: Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi The reason I called you is that I
|
|
|
- shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn would like to talk with you in
|
|
|
- tántan. person.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 好啊。什麽時候啊？
|
|
|
- B: Hǎo a. Shénme shíhou All right. When?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Note on No. 5
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi...: In English, the word “reason,” or
|
|
|
-“purpose,” begins the phrase, with the modifying clause following. In
|
|
|
-Chinese, everything modifying “the purpose” precedes mùdi.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuà -de mùdi shi ....
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(The reason why I called yǒu is ....)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Mùdi, “purpose,” “aim,” “objective”: Although translated idiomatically
|
|
|
-as “reason” in exchange 5, mùdi does not really mean “reason”/“cause.” The
|
|
|
-English terms should be translated as yuányīn: wǒ lǎiwǎnde yuányīn, “the
|
|
|
-reason I came late” (我來晚的原因).
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[169]
|
|
|
- 明天對你合適嗎？
|
|
|
-6. A: Míngtiān duì ni héshì ma? Would tomorrow be all right for you?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 明天下午什麽時候都可以，
|
|
|
- B: Míngtiān xiàwǔ shénme shíhou Any time tomorrow afternoon would be
|
|
|
- dōu kéyi. fine.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Note on No. 6
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Shénme shíhou dōu kéyi, “anytime is okay” (more literally, “what[ever]
|
|
|
-time, all is okay”), illustrates a pattern for expressing the idea of “any”
|
|
|
-in Chinese: a question word, such as shéi, shénme, nǎr, and něitiān,
|
|
|
-followed by dōu, “all.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 誰都能去。
|
|
|
- Shéi dōu néng qù. Anyone can go.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 哪兒都可以。
|
|
|
- Nǎr dōu kéyi. Anyplace will do.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 什麽都可以。
|
|
|
- Shénme dōu kéyi. Anything will do.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 哪天都好
|
|
|
- Něitiān dōu hǎo. Any day is good.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 怎麽做都好。
|
|
|
- Zěnme zuò dōu hǎo. Any way (you) do it is fine.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-The ideas of “nobody,” “nowhere,” “nothing,” and “none” are expressed by
|
|
|
-adding bù or méi after dōu in the pattern above.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 誰都能不要走。
|
|
|
- Shéi dōu bú yào zǒu. Nobody wants to leave.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 哪兒都不對。
|
|
|
- Nǎr dōu bú duì. No place is right.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 怎麽都不行。
|
|
|
- Zěnme dōu bù xíng. No way will do.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 什麽都沒有。
|
|
|
- Shénme dōu méiyou. There is nothing.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-The “any/no” expression need not be the subject of a sentence; it may
|
|
|
-also be the object. Even if the expression is the direct object, it must
|
|
|
-precede the verb.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他誰都喜歡。
|
|
|
- Tā shéi dōu xǐhuan. He likes anyone/everyone.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我哪兒都不去。
|
|
|
- Wǒ nǎr dōu bú qù. I won’t go anywhere.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那個商店什麽都賣。
|
|
|
- Nèige shāngdiàn shénme dōu That store sells everything,
|
|
|
- mài.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他哪個都不喜歡。
|
|
|
- Tā něige dōu bù xǐhuan. He doesn’t like either/any of them.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(As objects, many of these expressions must be translated as “every....”)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-An “any/no” expression may also be the object of a prepositional verb.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我跟誰都沒説話。
|
|
|
- Wō gēn shéi dōu méi shuō huà. I didn’t speak with anyone.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[170]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 在哪兒見呢？
|
|
|
-7. A: Zài nǎr jiàn ne? Where shall we meet?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 兩點鐘請你到我這兒，行不行？
|
|
|
- B: Liǎngdiǎn zhōng qǐng ni dào Please come over here at two o’clock.
|
|
|
- wǒ zhèr lái, xíng bu xíng? All right?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 好。明天兩點鐘見。
|
|
|
- A: Hǎo. Míngtiān liǎngdiǎn Okay. See you tomorrow at two o’clock.
|
|
|
- zhōng jiàn.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 7
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Dào wǒ zhèr lái means, literally, “come over to the place where I am.”
|
|
|
-While plurals such as wǒmen zhèr and nǐmen nàr often refer to institutions,
|
|
|
-the singular wǒ zhèr, nǐ nàr, and tā nàr usually refer to any place where
|
|
|
-a person might be. In an office shared by two people, for instance, you
|
|
|
-could say Wǒ zhèr méiyou Yīng-Hàn zìdiǎn; nín nàr yǒu méiyou? “I don’t have
|
|
|
-an English-Chinese dictionary over here; do you have one over there?”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Dào, like zài, is a verb which requires a place word as its object.
|
|
|
-Sentences like “Come over here to me” and “Go over there to Mr. Wáng” must
|
|
|
-be translated as Dào wǒ zhèr lái and Dào Wáng Xiānsheng nar qù. Zhèr and
|
|
|
-nàr make wǒ and Wáng Xiānsheng parts of place-word phrases.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-8. guānxi 關係 relation, relationship, connection
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-9. jiǎng huà 講話 to speak, to talk; a speech
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-10. lǐngshiguǎn 領事館 consulate
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-11. shìqing (yíjiàn) 事情 (一件) matter, business, affair
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-12. sīzhǎng 司長 department chief
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-13. yǒu guānxi 有關係 to relate to, to have a bearing on,
|
|
|
- to matter
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Note on Additional Required Vocabulary
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Yǒu guānxi: To talk about the relationship of two things, use
|
|
|
-...gēn...yǒu guānxi or ...hé...yǒu guānxi.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 領事館和大使館有什麽樣的關係？
|
|
|
- Lǐngshiguǎn hé dàshiguǎn What is the relationship between
|
|
|
- yǒu shénmeyàngde guānxi? the consulate and the embassy?
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-[171]
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-VOCABULARY BOOSTER
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-Occupations
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- accountant 會計師 kuàijìshī
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- actor, actress 演員 yǎnyuán
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- architect 建築師 jiànzhùshī
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- athlete 運動員 yùndòngyuán
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- author, writer 作家 zuòjiā
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- barber 理髮師， lǐfàshī, lǐfàde
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- blue-collar worker 工人 gōngrén
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- builder 營造商 yíngzàoshāng
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- businessman 商人 shāngrén
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- carpenter 木匠，木工 mùjiang, mùgōng
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-
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- chemical engineer 化學工程師 huàxué gōngchéngshī
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- civil engineer 土木工程師 tǔmù gōngchéngshī
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- civil servant 公務員 gōngwùyuán
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- composer 作曲家 zuòqǔjiā
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- cook 厨師 chúshī
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- customs official 海關官員 hǎiguān guānyuán
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- diplomat 外交官 wàijiāoguān
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- doctor 大夫，醫生 dàifu, yīshēng
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- (newspaper) editor 編輯 biānji
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- electrical engineer 電機工程師 diànjī gōngchěngshī
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- electrician 電工 diàngōng
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- employee, clerk, attendant 服務員 fúwùyuán
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- farmer, peasant 農民 nóngmín
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- fisherman 漁民 yúmín
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- gardener 園丁，花匠 yuándīng, huājiàng
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- governess 保姆 bǎomǔ
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- government minister 部長 bùzhǎng
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- housewife 家庭主婦，急停婦女 jiātíng zhǔfù, jiātíng fùnǚ
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- lawyer 律師 lǜshī
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- manager 經理 jīnglǐ
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- mayor 市長 shìzhǎng
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- mechanic 機械師，機械員 jīxièshī, jīxièyuán
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- mechanical engineer 機械工程師 jīxiè gōngchéngshī
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- movie star 電影明星 diànyǐng míngxīng
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- musician 音樂家 yīnyuèjiā
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-[172]
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- nuclear engineer 盒子工程師 hézǐ gōngchéngshǐ
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- nurse 護士 hùshi
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- office staff worker 職員 zhíyuán
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- (Chinese) opera performer 京劇演員 jīngjù yǎnyuán
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- painter (artist) 畫家 huàjiā
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- pharmacist 藥劑師 yàojìshī
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- pilot 飛行員 fēixíngyuán
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- policeman 警察 jǐngchá
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- postman 郵遞員 yóudìyuán
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- professor 教授 jiàoshòu
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- reporter 記者 jìzhě
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- sailor 海員，水手，船員 hǎiyuán, shuǐshǒu, chuányuán
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- salesman 推銷員 tuīxiāoyuán
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- secretary 秘書 mìshū
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- servant 用人 yòngren
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- shoemaker 鞋匠師傅 xiéjiàngshīfu
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- shoe repairman 修鞋的 xiūxiéde
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- store clerk, salesperson 售貨員 shòuhuòyuán
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- teacher 教員 jiàoyuán
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- typist 打字員 dǎzìyuán
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- (star) vocalist 歌星 gēxīng
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- waiter, waitress 飯店服務員 fàndiàn fúwùyuán
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-[173]
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-DRILLS
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-A. Substitution Drill
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- 他現在在開會。 他現在在打電話。
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-1. Speaker: Tā xiànzài zài kāi huì. You: Tā xiànzài zài dǎ diànhuà.
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- (He is making a phone call
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- 打電話 now.)
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- (cue) dǎ diànhuà
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- (He is at a meeting now.)
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- 他現在在打電話。 他現在在等你
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-2. Tā xiànzài zài dǎ diànhuà. Tā xiànzài zài děng ni.
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-
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- 等你
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- děng ni
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- 他現在在等你。 他現在在跟王先生説話。
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-3. Tā xiànzài zài děng ni. Tā xiànzài zài gēn Wáng Xiānsheng
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- shuō huà.
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- 跟王先生説話。
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- gēn Wáng Xiānsheng shuō huà
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- 他現在在跟王先生説話。 他現在在工作。
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-4. Tā xiànzài zài gēn Wáng Ta xiànzài zài gōngzuò.
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- Xiānsheng shuō huà.
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-
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- 工作
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- gōngzuò
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- 他現在在工作。 他現在在講話。
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-5. Tā xiànzài zài gōngzuò. Tā xiànzài zài jiǎng huà.
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-
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- 講話
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- jiǎng huà
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- 他現在在講話。 他現在在換錢。
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-6. Tā xiànzài zài jiǎng huà. Tā xiànzài zài huàn qián.
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-
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- 換錢
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- huàn qián
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-
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- 他現在在換錢。
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-7. Tā xiànzài zài huàn qián.
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-
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-B. Response Drill
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- 他現在在開會。 一會兒請他給我回個電話，好不好？
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-1. Speaker: Tā xiànzài zài kāi huì. You: Yìhuǐr qǐng tā gěi wǒ huí ge
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- diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?
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- 一會兒 (In a little while please ask
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- (cue) yìhuǐr him to call me back. All
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- (He is at a meeting right?)
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- now.)
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-
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- 王同志現在在講話。 下午請他給我回個電話，好不好？
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-2. Wáng Tóngzhì xiànzài zài jiǎng Xiàwǔ qǐng ta gěi wǒ huí ge diànhuà,
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- huà. hǎo bu hǎo?
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-
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- 下午
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- xiàwǔ
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-
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- 張同志現在在學中國話 上午請他給我回個電話，好不好？
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-3. Zhāng Tóngzhì xiànzài zài xué Shàngwǔ qǐng ta gěi wǒ huí ge
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- Zhōngguo huà. diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?
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-
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- 上午
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- shàngwǔ
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-
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- 馬科長現在在打電話。 明天請他給我回個電話，好不好？
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-4. Mǎ Kēzhǎng xiànzài zài dǎ Míngtiān qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge
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- diànhuà. diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?
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-
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- 明天
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- míngtiān
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-[174]
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-
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- 王同志現在在跟張科長講話。 一會兒請他給我回個電話，好不好？
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-5. Wáng Tóngzhì xiànzài zài gēn Yìhuǐr qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge diànhuà,
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- Zhāng Kēzhǎng jiǎnghuà. hǎo bu hǎo?
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-
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- 一會兒
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- yìhuǐr
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-
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- 李女士現在在跟王大使開會。 今天請她給我回個電話，好不好？
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-6. Lǐ Nǚshì xiànzài zài gēn Wáng Jīntiān qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge
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- Dàshǐ kāi huì. diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?
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-
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- 今天
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- jīntiān
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-
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- 朱同志現在在學中文。 下午請他給我回個電話，好不好？
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-7. Zhū Tóngzhì xiànzài zài xué Xiàwǔ qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge diànhuà,
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- Zhōngwén. hǎo bu hǎo?
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-
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- 下午
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- xiàwǔ
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-
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-
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-C. Expansion Drill
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-
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- 我想跟你當面談談。 我給你打電話目的是想跟你當面談談。
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-1. Speaker: Wǒ xiǎng gēn ni You: Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi
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- dāngmiàn tántan. shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn
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- (I would like to talk tántan.
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- with you in person.) (The reason I called you is
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- that I would like to talk with
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- you in person.)
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-
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- 我想問你一件事。 我給你打電話目的是想問你一件事。
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-2. Wǒ xiǎng wèn ni yíjiàn shi. Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng
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- wèn ni yíjiàn shi.
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-
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- 我想問你幾點鐘有功夫。 我給你打電話目的是想幾點鐘有功夫。
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-3. Wǒ xiǎng wèn ni jǐdiǎn zhōng Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng
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- yǒu gōngfu. wèn ni jǐdiǎn zhōng yǒu gōngfu.
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-
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- 我想跟你當面談談。 我給你打電話目的是想跟你當面談談。
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-4. Wǒ xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan. Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng
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- gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.
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-
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- 我想問你一點兒事。 我給你打電話目的是想問你一點兒事。
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-5. Wǒ xiǎng wèn ni yìdiǎnr shì. Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi
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- xiǎng wèn ni yìdiǎnr shi.
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-
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- 我想問你三點鐘有功夫沒有。 我給你打電話目的是想問你三點鐘有功夫沒有。
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-6. Wǒ xiǎng wèn ni sāndiǎn zhōng Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi
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- yǒu gōngfu meiyou. xiǎng wèn ni sāndiǎn zhōng yǒu
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- gōngfu meiyou.
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-
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- 我想跟你當面談談。 我給你打電話目的是想跟你當面談談。
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-7. Wǒ xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan. Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi
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- xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.
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-
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-[175]
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-
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-D. Substitution Drill
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-
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- 什麽時候都可以。 誰都可以。
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-1. Speaker: Shénme shíhou dōu kéyi. You: Shéi dōu kéyi.
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- (Anyone would be fine.)
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- 誰
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- (cue) shéi
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- (Any time would be fine.)
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-
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- 誰都可以。 哪兒 哪兒都可以。
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-2. Shéi dōu kéyi. nǎr Nǎr dōu kéyi.
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-
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- 哪兒都可以。 哪個 哪個都可以。
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-3. Nǎr dōu kéyi. něige Něige dōu kéyi.
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-
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- 哪個都可以。 什麽地 什麽地方都可以
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-4. Něige dōu kéyi. shénme dìfang Shénme dìfang dōu kéyi.
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-
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- 什麽地方都可以。 多少 多少都可以。
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-5. Shénme dìfang dōu kéyi. duōshao Duōshao dōu kéyi.
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-
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- 多少都可以。 多久 多久都可以。
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-6. Duōshao dōu kéyi. duó jiǔ Duó jiǔ dōu kéyi.
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-
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- 多久都可以。
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-7. Duó jiǔ dōu kéyi.
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-
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-
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-E. Substitution Drill
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- 什麽時候都可以。 多久都可以。
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-1. Speaker: Shénme shíhou dōu kéyi. You: Duó jiǔ dōu kéyi.
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- (cue) any length of time (Any length of time would be
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- (Any time would be fine.) fine.)
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-
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- 幾點鐘都可以。 幾個鐘頭都可以。
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-2. Jǐdiǎn zhōng dōu kéyi. Jǐge zhōngtōu dōu kéyi.
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- any number of hours
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-
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- 哪天都可以。 多少天都可以。
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-3. Něitiān dōu kéyi. Duōshao tiān dōu kéyi.
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- any number of days
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-
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- 哪年都可以。 幾年都可以。
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-4. Něinián dōu kéyi. Jǐnián dōu kéyi.
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- any number of years
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-
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- 星期幾都可以。 幾個星期都可以。
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-5. Xīngqījǐ dōu kéyi. Jǐge xīngqī dōu kéyi.
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- any number of weeks
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-
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- 幾號都可以。 多少天都可以。
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-6. Jǐhào dōu kéyi. Duōshao tiān dōu kéyi.
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- any number of days
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-
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- 幾月都可以。 幾個月都可以。
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-7. Jǐyuè dōu kéyi. Jǐge yuè dōu kéyi.
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- any number of months
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-
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-
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-[176]
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|
|
-
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|
|
-F. Response Drill
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-
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- 我們明天在這兒見呢，還是在那兒見呢？ 在哪兒見都可以。
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-1. Speakers Wǒmen míngtiān zài zhèr You: Zài nǎr jiàn dōu kéyi.
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- jiàn ne, háishi zai (Anywhere would be fine.)
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- nàr jiàn ne?
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-
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- 哪兒
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- (cue) nǎr
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|
- (Shall we meet here or
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|
- there tomorrow?)
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-
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- 我們坐火車去呢，還是坐飛機去呢？ 怎麽 怎麽去都可以。
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-2. Wǒmen zuò huǒchē qù ne, háishi zěnme Zěnme qù dōu kéyi.
|
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- zuò fēijī qù ne?
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-
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|
- 我們明天九點鐘見呢，還是十點鐘見呢？ 幾點鐘 幾點鐘見都可以。
|
|
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-3. Wǒmen míngtiān jiǔdiǎn zhōng jǐdiǎn zhōng Jǐdiǎn zhōng jiàn dōu kéyi.
|
|
|
- jiàn ne, háishi shídiǎn zhōng
|
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|
- jiàn ne?
|
|
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-
|
|
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- 我們坐汽車去呢，還是坐火車去呢？ 什麽車 什麽車都可以。
|
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|
-4. Wǒmen zuò qìchē qù ne, háishi shénme chē Shénme chē dōu kéyi.
|
|
|
- zuò huǒchē qù ne?
|
|
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-
|
|
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- 我們明天去呢，還是後天去呢？ 哪天 哪天去都可以。
|
|
|
-5. Wǒmen míngtiān qù ne, háishi něitiān Něitiān qù dōu kéyi.
|
|
|
- hòutiān qù ne?
|
|
|
-
|
|
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- 我們星期一去呢，還是星期二去呢？ 星期幾 星期幾去都可以。
|
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-6. Wǒmen Xīngqīyī qù ne, háishi xīngqījǐ Xīngqījǐ qù dōu kéyi.
|
|
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- xīngqīèr qù ne?
|
|
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-
|
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- 我們坐飛機去呢，還是坐火車去呢？ 怎麽 怎麽去都可以。
|
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|
-7. Wǒmen zuò fēijī qù ne, háishi zuò zěnme Zěnme qù dōu kéyi.
|
|
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- huǒchē qù ne?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-G. Response Drill
|
|
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-
|
|
|
- 誰來？ 誰都來。
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|
|
-1. Speaker: Shéi lái? You: Shéi dōu lái.
|
|
|
- (Who is coming?) (Everyone is coming.)
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|
|
-
|
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- 什麽地方不好？ 什麽地方都不好。
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-2. Shénme dìfang bù hǎo? Shénme dìfang dōu bù hǎo.
|
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-
|
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- 哪個地方可以？ 哪個地方都可以
|
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-3. Něige dìfang kéyi? Něige dìfang dōu kéyi.
|
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-
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- 誰不會？ 誰都不會
|
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-4. Shéi bú huì? Shéi dōu bú huì.
|
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-
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- 哪兒好？ 哪兒都好
|
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-5. Nǎr hǎo? Nǎr dōu hǎo.
|
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-
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- 他什麽時候能去？ 他什麽時候都能去
|
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|
-6. Tā shénme shíhou néng qù? Tā shénme shíhou dōu néng qù.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你哪天不忙？ 你哪天都不忙
|
|
|
-7. Nǐ něitiān bù máng? Wǒ něitiān dōu bù máng.
|
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-
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-
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|
-[177]
|
|
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-
|
|
|
-H. Response Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你去哪兒？ 我哪兒都去。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Nǐ qù nǎr? You: Wǒ nǎr dōu qù.
|
|
|
- (Where are yǒu going?) (I’m going everywhere.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你到哪兒去？ 我哪兒都去。
|
|
|
-2. Nǐ dào nǎr qù? Wǒ nǎr dōu qù.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他去什麽地方？ 他什麽地方都去。
|
|
|
-3. Tā qù shénme dìfang? Tā shénme dìfang dōu qù.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他到什麽地方去？ 他什麽地方都去。
|
|
|
-4. Tā dào shénme dìfang qù? Tā shénme dìfang dōu qù.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你買哪個？ 我哪個都買。
|
|
|
-5. Nǐ mǎi něige? Wǒ něige dōu mǎi.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你看哪本？ 我哪本都看。
|
|
|
-6. Nǐ kàn něiběn? Wǒ něiběn dōu kàn.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你做什麽？ 我什麽都做。
|
|
|
-7. Nǐ zuò shénme? Wǒ shénme dōu zuò.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-I. Response Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 誰來？ 誰都來。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Shéi lái? You: Shéi dōu lai.
|
|
|
- (cue) everyone (Everyone is coming.)
|
|
|
- (Who is coming?)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 誰可以？ 誰都可以。
|
|
|
-2. Shéi kéyi? anyone will do Shéi dōu kéyi.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 誰來？ 誰都不來。
|
|
|
-3. Shéi lái? no one Shéi dōu bù lái.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你買哪個？ 我哪個都買。
|
|
|
-4. Nǐ mǎi něige? all of them Wǒ něige dōu mǎi.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你到哪兒去？ 我哪兒都不去。
|
|
|
-5. Nǐ dào nǎr qù? nowhere at all Wǒ nǎr dōu bú qù.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 哪個好？ 哪個都好。
|
|
|
-6. Něige hǎo? all of them Něige dōu hǎo.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 誰會説中國話？ 誰都會説中國話。
|
|
|
-7. Shéi huì shuō Zhōngguo huà? everyone Shéi dōu huì shuō Zhōngguo huà.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[178]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-UNIT 3
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-REFERENCE LIST
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(in Taipei)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 黃科長，您下個星期六有功夫嗎？
|
|
|
-1. A. Huáng Kēzhǎng, nín xiàge Section Chief Huang, are you free
|
|
|
- Xīngqīliù yǒu gōngfu ma? Saturday of next week?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我想請您和您夫人到我們家來吃個便飯。
|
|
|
- A: Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín hé nín I would like to invite you and your
|
|
|
- fūren dào wǒmen jiā lái wife to come to our house for a
|
|
|
- chī ge biànfàn. simple meal.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 您何必怎麽客氣？
|
|
|
-2. B: Nín hébì zhème kèqi? Why is it necessary to be so polite?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 不是客氣。
|
|
|
- A: Bú shi kèqi. It’s not politeness.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我有一個朋友剛從美國來。
|
|
|
- A: Wǒ yǒu yige péngyou gāng I have a friend who has just come
|
|
|
- cóng Měiguo lái. from America.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 她現在在臺灣大學教經濟學。
|
|
|
- A: Tā xiànzài zài Táiwān She is teaching economics at Táiwān
|
|
|
- Dàxué jiāo jīngjixué. University right now.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我很想給你們兩位介紹介紹。
|
|
|
- A: Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen I would very much like to introduce
|
|
|
- liǎngwèi jièshao jièshao. the two of you.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那太好了！
|
|
|
-3. B: Nà tài hǎo le! That’s wonderful!
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 很希望跟她談談。
|
|
|
- B: Hěn xīwang gēn ta tántan. I wish very much to talk with her.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 不過，恐怕我的英文不行。
|
|
|
- B: Búguò, kǒngpà wǒde Yīngwén However, I’m afraid that my English
|
|
|
- bù xíng. isn’t good enough.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 不但説得好，有時候也聽不懂。
|
|
|
- B: Búdàn shuōde bù hǎo, yǒu Not only don’t I speak well, (but)
|
|
|
- shíhou yě tīngbudǒng. sometimes I can’t understand what
|
|
|
- I hear either.
|
|
|
- 哪裏，哪裏。
|
|
|
-4. A: Náli, náli. Not at all, not at all.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 您説得跟美國人一樣好。
|
|
|
- A: Nín shuōde gēn Měiguo rén You speak as well as an American.
|
|
|
- yíyàng hǎo.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 怎麽樣？六點半對您方便不方便？
|
|
|
-5. *A: Zěnmeyàng? Liùdiǎn bàn duì How shall we do it? Would six-thirty
|
|
|
- nín fāngbian bu fangbian? be convenient for you?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 方便，方便。
|
|
|
- B: Fāngbian, fāngbian. That would be fine.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我沒請什麽人。很隨便。
|
|
|
-6. A: Wǒ méi qǐng shénme rén. I haven’t invited anyone special.
|
|
|
- Hěn suíbiàn. It’s very informal.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那就先謝了。
|
|
|
- B: Nà jiù xiān xiè le. Well then, I’ll thank you in advance.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-*The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[179]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
|
|
|
-(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-7. bù tóng 不同 to be different
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-8. chá 茶 tea
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-9. chī fàn 吃飯 to eat, to have a meal
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-10. dànshi 但是 but
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-11. érqiě 而且 furthermore, moreover
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-12. fàn 飯 (cooked) rice
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-13. hē 喝 to drink
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-14. jiāo shū 教書 to teach
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[180]
|
|
|
-VOCABULARY
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- biànfàn 便飯 a simple, informal meal
|
|
|
- búdàn...yě 不但...也 not only...but also
|
|
|
- búguò 不過 however, but
|
|
|
- bù tóng 不同 to be different
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- chá 茶 tea
|
|
|
- chī fàn 吃飯 to eat, to have a meal
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- dànshi 但是 but
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- érqiě 而且 furthermore, moreover
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- fàn 飯 (cooked) rice
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- hē 喝 to drink
|
|
|
- hébì 何必 why is it necessary (to)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- jiāo shū 教書 to teach
|
|
|
- jièshao 介紹 to introduce
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- kǒngpà 恐怕 to be afraid that (something is or
|
|
|
- is not the case)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- suíbiàn 隨便 to be informal/casual; as you like,
|
|
|
- as you wish, whatever suits you,
|
|
|
- “according to convenience”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- tài hǎo le! 太好了！ wonderful!
|
|
|
- tīngbudǒng 聽不懂 cannot understand
|
|
|
- tīngdedǒng 聽得懂 can understand
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- xīwàng (xīwang) 希望 to hope, to wish to
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- yíyàng 一樣 to be alike/equal
|
|
|
- yǒu shíhou (yǒu shihou) 有時候 sometimes
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(introduced on C-2 tape)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- cānjiā 參加 to attend
|
|
|
- dǎ (ge) diànhuà 打(個)電話 to make a phone call
|
|
|
- hǎode duō 好得多 much better
|
|
|
- tīng diànhuà 聼電話 to answer the phone
|
|
|
- yānhuo 烟火 fireworks display
|
|
|
- yóuyuánhuì 游園會 carnival
|
|
|
- zhèng hǎo 正好 just right
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[181]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-REFERENCE NOTES
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 黃科長，您下個星期六有功夫嗎？
|
|
|
-1. A: Huáng Kēzhǎng, nín xiàge Section Chief Huáng, are you free
|
|
|
- Xīngqīliù yǒu gōngfu ma? Saturday of next week?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我想請您和您夫人到我們家來吃個便飯。
|
|
|
- A: Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín hé nín I would like to invite you and your
|
|
|
- fūren dào wǒmen jiā lái wife to come to our house for a
|
|
|
- chī ge biànfàn. simple meal.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 1
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Xiàge Xīngqīliù means “Saturday of next week.” “Saturday of this week”
|
|
|
-is zhèige Xīngqīliù, and “Saturday of last week” is shàngge Xīngqīliù.*
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Chī ge biànfàn: Here the verb chī, “to eat [something],” takes the
|
|
|
-object (yi)ge biànfàn, “a simple/informal family meal.” When talking about
|
|
|
-the general activity of eating, however, use chī with the general object
|
|
|
-fàn, literally “(cooked) rice”: chī fàn, “to eat”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-The word biànfàn is used as a modest description in inviting guests for a
|
|
|
-meal served in the home. The meal is generally “simple” only in the sense
|
|
|
-of not being a banquet. A Chinese family meal usually consists of several
|
|
|
-dishes plus a soup.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 您何必怎麽客氣？
|
|
|
-2. B: Nín hébì zhème kèqi? Why is it necessary to be so polite?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 不是客氣。
|
|
|
- A: Bú shi kèqi. It’s not politeness.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我有一個朋友剛從美國來。
|
|
|
- A: Wǒ yǒu yige péngyou gāng I have a friend who has just come
|
|
|
- cóng Měiguo lái. from America.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 她現在在臺灣大學教經濟學。
|
|
|
- A: Tā xiànzài zài Táiwān Dàxué She is teaching economics at Táiwān
|
|
|
- jiāo Jīngjixué. University right now.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我很想給你們兩位介紹介紹。
|
|
|
- A: Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen I would very much like to introduce
|
|
|
- liǎngwèi jièshao jièshao. the two of you.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-*The words “this,” “next,” and “last” in English are often ambiguous. “This”
|
|
|
-sometimes means “Just past,” sometimes “the coming,” and sometimes “of next
|
|
|
-week.” “Next” sometimes means “the coming” and sometimes means “of next
|
|
|
-week.” “Last” sometimes means “Just past” and sometimes means “of last
|
|
|
-week.” In Chinese, however, zhèige usually means “of this week”; xiàge,
|
|
|
-“of next week”; and shàngge, “of last week.” But ambiguities do sometimes
|
|
|
-arise.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Some Chinese consider that the week begins on Sunday. Probably most Chinese
|
|
|
-however, consider Monday the first day of the week.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[182]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 2
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Hébì is a somewhat formal way of saying “Why is it necessary to...?”
|
|
|
-Hé is a literary word for “why.” Bì is a literary word for “must.” (You
|
|
|
-may recognize it from bú bì, “need not,” “to be unnecessary.”)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notice that the first speaker in exchange 2 does not respond to the
|
|
|
-dinner invitation with an immediate “Thank you, I would love to,” as one
|
|
|
-might do in English. Instead, the Chinese prefer the equivalent of “That’s
|
|
|
-too kind of you” or “Oh, you really shouldn’t.” When you receive an
|
|
|
-indefinite invitation (like “I hope you can come over to my house for
|
|
|
-dinner some day”), do not ask immediately for the date and time. Rather,
|
|
|
-you should thank the person for his politeness and say that you also hope
|
|
|
-that you can get together. Vague invitations may simply be in superficial
|
|
|
-accordance with the rules of etiquette, and you might put your acquaintance
|
|
|
-on the spot by accepting.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Bú shi kèqi is the appropriate response when a person suggests that you
|
|
|
-are treating him too politely.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Jiāo, “to teach,” is a verb which requires a general object when no
|
|
|
-specific object is mentioned. Contrast jiāo shū, “to teach,” with jiāo
|
|
|
-jīngJixué, “to teach economics.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Nǐmen liǎngwèi means “the two of you,” or “you two.” The other plural
|
|
|
-pronouns may be used similarly:
|
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|
-
|
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|
- 他們四個人都已經去過了。
|
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|
- Tāmen sìge rén dōu yǐjīng Those four have all been there already.
|
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- qùguo le.
|
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|
-
|
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- 他們三個人都想念歷史。
|
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- Tāmen sānge rén dōu xiǎng All three of them are planning to
|
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- niàn lìshǐ. study history.
|
|
|
-
|
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|
-A number phrase may also follow a list of nouns or pronouns in Chinese.
|
|
|
-Either the listing or the number is usually omitted in the English
|
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|
-translation.
|
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|
-
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- 我，你，他三個人都去，好不好？
|
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|
- Wǒ, nǐ, tā sānge rén dōu qù, Why don’t all three of us go?
|
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- hǎo bu hǎo?
|
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|
-
|
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- 李先生跟王先生兩位都給我打了電話了。
|
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- Lǐ Xiānsheng gēn Wáng Both Mr. Lǐ and Mr. Wáng (the two of
|
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- Xiānsheng liǎngwèi dōu them) called me.
|
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- gěi wǒ dǎle diànhuà le.
|
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|
-
|
|
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-
|
|
|
-Gěi nīmen liāngwèi jièshao jièshao: There are two things to note in
|
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|
-this sentence. First of all, while the English language “introduces two
|
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|
-people TO each other,” the Chinese language “introduces FOR the two people,”
|
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-gěi...jièshao. Secondly, the speaker has chosen to repeat the verb jièshao.
|
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-In a sentence expressing the speaker’s desired course of action, the
|
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-reduplicated form of the verb makes the statement less blunt and demanding.
|
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-
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-
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-[183]
|
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- 那太好了！
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-3. B: Nà tài hǎo le! That’s wonderful!
|
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-
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- 很希望跟她談談。
|
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- B: Hěn xīwang gēn ta tántan. I wish very much to talk with her.
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-
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- 很希望跟她談談。
|
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|
- B: Búguò, kǒngpà wǒde Yīngwén However, I’m afraid that my English
|
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- bù xíng. isn’t good enough.
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-
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- 不但説得好，有時候也聽不懂。
|
|
|
- B: Búdàn shuōde bù hǎo, yǒu Not only don’t I speak well, (but)
|
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- shíhou yě tīngbudǒng. sometimes I can’t understand what
|
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|
- I hear either.
|
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|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 3
|
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|
-
|
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|
-Tài hǎo le, “wonderful,” or, more literally, “too good.” you have seen
|
|
|
-tài translated as “excessively,” or “too”: “It’s too expensive!” Tài guì le!
|
|
|
-In other contexts, tài simply indicates an extreme degree and is translated
|
|
|
-as “very.” When used this way, tài is commonly heavily stressed.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這本書真是太有意思了！
|
|
|
- Zhèiběn shū zhēn shi tài yǒu This book is really very interesting!
|
|
|
- yìsi le!
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Búguò, “however,” is often interchangeable with kěshi, “but,” and is
|
|
|
-therefore used more frequently than the English “however.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Kǒngpà means “to be afraid that [something is/is not the case].” It
|
|
|
-sometimes means “probably,” as in Zhàiběn shū kǒngpà shi tāde, “This book
|
|
|
-is probably his.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Búdàn...ye... is equivalent to the English “not only...but also....”
|
|
|
-Here are some examples:
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他不但會説中文，也會説日文。
|
|
|
- Tā búdàn huì shuō Zhōngwén, Not only can he speak Chinese, but he
|
|
|
- yě huì shuō Rìwén. can also speak Japanese.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他不但不喜歡紅的，也不喜歡藍的。
|
|
|
- Tā búdàn bù xǐhuan hóngde, Not only doesn’t he like the red one,
|
|
|
- yě bù xǐhuan lánde. but he doesn’t like the blue one
|
|
|
- either.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Tīngbudǒng, “can’t understand”: The verb dǒng is used to indicate the
|
|
|
-result in a compound verb of result, Here is another example of dǒng used
|
|
|
-in this way:
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 中文報紙你看得懂看不懂？
|
|
|
- Zhōngwén bàozhǐ nǐ kàndedǒng Can you read (and understand) Chinese
|
|
|
- kànbudǒng? newspapers?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Shuōde bù hǎo VS. tīngbudǒng: The many ways in which one-syllable
|
|
|
-Chinese verbs may be combined to make patterns and compounds can be
|
|
|
-confusing. In No. 3, yǒu see both an action verb and its manner adverb
|
|
|
-(in the negative), shuōde bù hǎo, and a compound verb of result (in its
|
|
|
-“unable” form), tīngbudǒng. Compare these two forms:
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-ACTION
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-VERB MARKER NEG. ADV. MANNER
|
|
|
-shuō -DE bù hǎo
|
|
|
-shuō -DE hěn hǎo
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-ACTION VERB MARKER or NEG. (not both) RESULT
|
|
|
-tīng -bù -dǒng
|
|
|
-tīng -de -dǒng
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[184]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-The marker de is always part of the manner adverb expression but alternates
|
|
|
-with bù in compound verbs of result. Manner adverb expressions expand to
|
|
|
-allow not only for negation but also for additional adverbs such as hěn and
|
|
|
-tài. Compound verbs of result cannot do this. There are always three, and
|
|
|
-only three, parts to the compound verb of result.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 哪裏，哪裏。
|
|
|
-4. A: Náli, náli. Not at all, not at all.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 您説得跟美國人一樣好。
|
|
|
- A: Nín shuōde gēn Měiguo rén You speak as well as an American.
|
|
|
- yíyàng hǎo.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 怎麽樣？六點半對您方便不方便？
|
|
|
-5. A: Zěnmeyàng? Liùdiǎn bàn duì How shall we do it? Would six-thirty
|
|
|
- nín fāngbian bu fangbian? be convenient for you?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 方便，方便。
|
|
|
- B: Fāngbian, fāngbian. That would be fine.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on Nos. 4-5
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Gēn...yíyàng hǎo: Yíyàng is an adjectival verb meaning “to be the same.”
|
|
|
-When a sentence tells you in what respect the compared items are alike,
|
|
|
-yíyàng acts as an adverb and may be translated as “equally.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我們兩個認得車 一樣。
|
|
|
- Wǒmen liǎngge rénde chē yíyàng.
|
|
|
- (the cars belonging to the two of us alike)
|
|
|
- “Our cars are alike.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我們兩個認得車 一樣貴。
|
|
|
- Wǒmen liǎngge rénde chē yíyàng guì.
|
|
|
- (the cars belonging to the two of us equally expensive)
|
|
|
- “Our cars are equally expensive.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-The area of comparability may be described by predicates other than
|
|
|
-adjectival verbs.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他們兩個人 都 一樣 喜歡 念書。
|
|
|
- Tāmen liǎngge rén dōu yíyàng xǐhuan niàn shū.
|
|
|
- (the two of them both equally like to study)
|
|
|
- “The two of them are equally studious.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-The items being compared may be expressed separately, using gēn. In this
|
|
|
-case, gēn is the prepositional verb meaning “with.” The item preceding gēn
|
|
|
-is compared WITH the object of gēn.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[185]
|
|
|
- 我的車 跟 他的 車 一樣。
|
|
|
- Wǒde chē gēn tāde chē yíyàng.
|
|
|
- (my car with his car alike)
|
|
|
- “My car is like his.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Gēn may be used to compare nouns, pronouns, noun phrases, and
|
|
|
-clauses. Often one of the two phrases or clauses is a shorter form of
|
|
|
-the other.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你説得 跟 美國人(説得) yiyang 好。
|
|
|
- Nǐ shuōde gēn Měiguo rén (shuōde) yíyàng hǎo.
|
|
|
- (you speak with American [speak] equally good)
|
|
|
- ”You speak as well as an American.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我的車 跟 他的(車) 一樣。
|
|
|
- Wǒde chē gēn tāde (chē) yíyàng.
|
|
|
- (my car with his [car] alike)
|
|
|
- “My car is like his (car).”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你(開得) 跟 我 開得 一樣 快
|
|
|
- Nǐ (kāide) gēn wō kāide yíyàng kuài.
|
|
|
- (you [drive] with me drive equally fast)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-“You drive as fast as I do.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我沒請什麽人。很隨便。
|
|
|
-6. A: Wǒ méi qǐng shénme rén. Hěn I haven’t invited anyone special,
|
|
|
- suíbiàn. It’s very informal.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那就先謝了。
|
|
|
- B: Nà jiù xiān xiè le. Well then, I’ll thank you in advance.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 6
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Méi qǐng shénme rén: In this sentence, shénme is not the question
|
|
|
-word “what” “but is the indefinite “any.” When used with bù or méi, shénme
|
|
|
-rén means “anyone special,” or “anyone in particular.” All question words
|
|
|
-may follow the verbs in negative statements to give similar meanings. Here
|
|
|
-are some examples of “any___ special” meanings:
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我沒吃什麽飯。
|
|
|
- Wǒ méi chī shénme fàn. I didn’t eat much of anything.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我沒跟誰去。
|
|
|
- Wǒ méi gēn shéi qù. I didn’t go with anybody special.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我沒到那兒去。
|
|
|
- Wǒ méi dào nǎr qù. I didn’t go anyplace in particular.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[186]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我沒有多少前。
|
|
|
- Wǒ méiyou duōshao qián. I don’t have any money to speak of.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我不要幾個。
|
|
|
- Wǒ bú yào jǐge. I don’t want but a few. (I want only
|
|
|
- a few.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Suíbiàn is a frequently used expression which has connotations of
|
|
|
-“casual,” as contrasted with kèqi, “proper” or “formal.” Literally, suíbiàn
|
|
|
-means “according to convenience.” Here are some examples:
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 怎麽做？
|
|
|
- Zěnme zuò? How shall we do it?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 隨便。
|
|
|
- Suíbiàn. However you like.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 隨便什麽時候來。
|
|
|
- Suíbiàn shénme shíhou lái. Come anytime you like.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 隨便坐哪兒都可以。
|
|
|
- Suíbiàn zuò nǎr dōu kéyi. You may sit anywhere you like.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Nà jiù xiān xiè le: In this sentence, nà is acting as an adverb
|
|
|
-meaning “in that case,” “if so,” or “then.” The English translation “I’ll
|
|
|
-thank you in advance, then” is very formal. You would be more likely to
|
|
|
-say something like “Great. I’m looking forward to it.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-7. bù tóng 不同 to be different
|
|
|
-8. chá 茶 tea
|
|
|
-9. chī fàn 吃飯 to eat, to have a meal
|
|
|
-10. dànshi 但是 but
|
|
|
-11. érqiě 而且 furthermore, moreover
|
|
|
-12. fàn 飯 (cooked) rice
|
|
|
-13. hē 喝 to drink
|
|
|
-14. jiāo shū 教書 to teach
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Bù tóng may be used in much the same way as bù yíyàng. Note that bù tóng
|
|
|
-occurs only in the negative. (There is no tóng.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 上海話和北京話很不同。
|
|
|
- Shànghái huà hé Běijīng huà The Shànghǎi dialect and the Běijīng
|
|
|
- hěn bù tóng. dialect are very different.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Chī fàn, “to eat,” is an example of a verb plus a general object used
|
|
|
-to express a general activity. The verb chi may also take specific objects,
|
|
|
-such as miàn, “noodles.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Dànshi, “but,” is used much like kěshi, “but.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 河北人聽得懂北京話嗎？
|
|
|
- Héběi rén tīngdedǒng Běijīng Can people from Héběi understand
|
|
|
- huà ma? the Běijīng dialect?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 聽得懂，但是河北話和北京話不一樣。
|
|
|
- Tīngdedǒng, dànshi Héběi huà Yes, but the Héběi dialect and the
|
|
|
- hé Běijīng huà bù yíyàng. Běijīng dialect are different.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[187]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Érqiě, “furthermore,” “moreover”: Use érqiě at the beginning of a
|
|
|
-sentence or clause.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這個花瓶太貴，而且也太大了。我不想買。
|
|
|
- Zhèige huāpíng tài guì, érqiě This vase is too expensive, and
|
|
|
- yě tài dà le. Wǒ bù xiǎng furthermore it’s too big. I don’t
|
|
|
- mǎi. want to buy it.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Fàn, “(cooked) rice”: The definition of fàn is qualified as “cooked”
|
|
|
-because the Chinese use several words for “rice,” depending on whether it
|
|
|
-is in the field, ready to cook, or on the table.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Jiāo shū is a verb plus a general object meaning “to teach.” Jiāo may
|
|
|
-be used without its general object, as in Jiāo Zhōngwén, “teach the Chinese
|
|
|
-language.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[188]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-DRILLS
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-A. Substitution Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 黃科長，你明天晚上有功夫嗎？ 黃科長，你明天早上有功夫嗎？
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Huáng Kēzhǎng, nǐ You: Huáng Kēzhǎng, nǐ míngtiān
|
|
|
- míngtiān wǎnshang yǒu zǎoshang yǒu gōngfu ma?
|
|
|
- gōngfu ma? (Section Chief Huáng, are you
|
|
|
- free tomorrow morning?)
|
|
|
- 明天早上
|
|
|
- (cue) míngtiān zǎoshang
|
|
|
- (Section Chief Huáng,
|
|
|
- are you free tomorrow
|
|
|
- evening?)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 黃科長，你明天早上有功夫嗎？ 黃科長，你星期四有功夫嗎？
|
|
|
-2. Huáng Kēzhāng, nǐ míngtiān Huáng Kēzhǎng, nǐ Xīngqīsì
|
|
|
- zǎoshang yǒu gōngfu ma? yǒu gōngfu ma?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 星期四
|
|
|
- Xīngqīsì
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 黃科長，你星期四有功夫嗎？ 黃科長，你今天晚上有功夫嗎？
|
|
|
-3. Huáng Kēzhǎng, nǐ Xīngqīsì Huáng Kēzhǎng, nǐ jīntiān wǎnshang
|
|
|
- yǒu gōngfu ma? yǒu gōngfu ma?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 今天晚上
|
|
|
- jīntiān wǎnshang
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 黃科長，你今天晚上有功夫嗎？ 黃科長，你下星期六有功夫嗎？
|
|
|
-4. Huáng Kēzhǎng, nǐ jīntiān Huáng Kēzhǎng, nǐ xià Xīngqīliù
|
|
|
- wǎnshang yǒu gōngfu ma? yǒu gōngfu ma?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 下星期六
|
|
|
- xià Xīngqīliù
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 黃科長，你下星期六有功夫嗎？ 黃科長，你這個星期五有功夫嗎？
|
|
|
-5. Huáng Kēzhǎng, nǐ xià Xīngqīliù Huáng Kēzhǎng, nǐ zhèige Xīngqīwǔ
|
|
|
- yǒu gōngfu ma? yǒu gōngfu ma?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這個星期五
|
|
|
- zhèige Xīngqīwǔ
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 黃科長，你這個星期五有功夫嗎？ 黃科長，你這個月七號有功夫嗎？
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-6. Huáng Kēzhǎng, nǐ zhèige Huáng Kēzhǎng, nǐ zhèige yuè qíhào
|
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- Xīngqīwu yǒu gōngfu ma? yǒu gōngfu ma?
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-
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- 這個月七號
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- zhèige yuè qíhào
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-
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- 黃科長，你這個月七號有功夫嗎？
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-7. Huáng Kēzhǎng, nǐ zhèige yuè
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- qíhào yǒu gongfu ma?
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-
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-
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-[189]
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-
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-B. Expansion Drill
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-
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- 我想請您。 我想請您到我們家來吃個便飯。
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-1. Speaker: Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín. You: Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín dào wǒmen
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- jiā lái chī ge biànfàn.
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- 我們家 (I would like to invite you to
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- (cue) wǒmen jiā our house for a simple meal.)
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- (I would like to invite
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- you.)
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-
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- 我想請您。 我想請您到飯館兒去吃個便飯。
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- OR Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín dào fànguǎnr
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- qù chī ge biànfàn.
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- 飯館兒 (I would like to invite you to
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- (cue) fànguǎnr go to a restaurant for a
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- (I would like to invite simple meal.)
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- you.)
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-
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- 他想請您。 他想請您到民族飯店去吃個便飯。
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-2. Tā xiǎng qǐng nín. Tā xiǎng qǐng nín dào Mínzú Fàndiàn
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- qù chī ge biànfàn.
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- 民族飯店
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- Mínzú Fàndiàn
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-
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- 我想請您。 我想請您到我父母家來吃個便飯。
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-3. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín dào wǒ fùmǔ jiā
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- lái chī ge biànfàn.
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- 我父母家
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- wǒ fùmù jiā
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-
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- 我想請您。 我想請您到北京飯店去吃個便飯。
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-4. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín dào Běijīng
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- Fàndiàn qù chī ge biànfàn.
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- 北京飯店
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- Běijīng Fàndiàn
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-
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- 我想請您。 我想請您到那個飯館兒去吃個便飯。
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-5. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín dào nèige fànguǎnr
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- qù chī ge biànfàn.
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- 那個飯館兒
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- nèige fànguǎnr
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-
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- 我想請您。 我想請您到我家來吃個便飯。
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-6. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín dào wǒ jiā lái
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- chī ge biànfàn.
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- 我家
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- wǒ jiā
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-
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-
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-C. Response Drill
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-
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- 他在臺灣大學工作嗎？ 對了。他在臺灣大學教經濟學。
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-1. Speaker: Tā zài Táiwān Dàxué You: Duì le. Tā zài Táiwān Dàxué
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- gōngzuò ma? jiāo jīngjixué.
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-
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- 經濟學
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- (cue) jīngjixué (That’s right. He teaches
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- (Does he work at Táiwān economics at Táiwān
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- University?) University.)
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-
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-
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- 他在德州大學工作嗎？ 對了。他在德州大學教歷史。
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-2. Tā zài Dézhōu Dàxué gōngzuò ma? Duì le. Tā zài Dézhōu Dàxué jiāo
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- lìshǐ.
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- 歷史
|
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- lìshǐ
|
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-
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- 李先生在加州大學工作嗎？ 對了。他在加州大學教政治學。
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-3. Lǐ Xiānsheng zài Jiāzhōu Dàxué Duì le. Tā zài Jiāzhōu Dàxué jiāo
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- gōngzuò ma? zhèngzhixué.
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-
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- 政治學
|
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- zhèngzhixué
|
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-
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- 陳先生在賓州大學工作嗎？ 對了。他在賓州大學教中文。
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-4. Chén Xiānsheng zài Bīnzhōu Duì le. Tā zài Bīnzhōu Dàxué jiāo
|
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- Dàxué gōngzuò ma? Zhōngwén.
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-
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- 中文
|
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- Zhōngwén
|
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-
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- 安德森先生在臺灣大學工作嗎？ 對了。他在臺灣大學教英國文學。
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-5. Āndésēn Xiānsheng zài Táiwān Duì le. Tā zài Táiwān Dàxué jiāo
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- Dàxué gōngzuò ma? Yīngguo wénxué.
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-
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- 英國文學
|
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- Yīngguo wénxué
|
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-
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-
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-[190]
|
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-
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|
|
- 王先生在臺灣大學工作嗎？ 對了。他在臺灣大學教中國文學。
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|
-6. Wáng Xiānsheng zài Táiwān Dàxué Duì le. Tā zài Táiwān Dàxué jiāo
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|
- gōngzuò ma? Zhōngguo wénxué.
|
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-
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- 中國文學
|
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|
- Zhōngguo wénxué
|
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|
-
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|
|
- 赵小姐在臺灣大學工作嗎？ 對了。他在臺灣大學教中國歷史。
|
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|
-7. Zhào Xiǎojie zài Táiwān Dàxué Duì le. Tā zài Táiwān Dàxué jiāo
|
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|
- gōngzuò ma? Zhōngguo lìshi.
|
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-
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- 中國歷史
|
|
|
- Zhōngguo lìshǐ
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-D. Transformation Drill
|
|
|
-
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|
|
- 我給你們介紹介紹。 我很想給你們跟王同志介紹介紹。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshao You: Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn
|
|
|
- jièshao. Wáng Tóngzhì jièshao jièshao
|
|
|
- (I would very much like to
|
|
|
- 王同志 introduce yǒu and Comrade
|
|
|
- (cue) Wǎng Tóngzhì Wáng.)
|
|
|
- (I’ll introduce you.)
|
|
|
-
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|
|
- 我給你們介紹介紹。 我很想給你們跟劉同志介紹介紹。
|
|
|
-2. Wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshao jièshao. Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Liú
|
|
|
- Tóngzhì jièshao jièshao.
|
|
|
- 劉同志
|
|
|
- Liú Tóngzhì
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我給你們介紹介紹。 我很想給你們跟赵同志介紹介紹。
|
|
|
-3. Wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshao jièshao. Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Zhào
|
|
|
- Tóngzhì jièshao jièshao.
|
|
|
- 赵同志
|
|
|
- Zhào Tóngzhì
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我給你們介紹介紹。 我很想給你們跟張先生介紹介紹。
|
|
|
-4. Wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshao jièshao. Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Zhāng
|
|
|
- Xiānsheng jièshao jièshao.
|
|
|
- 張先生
|
|
|
- Zhāng Xiānsheng
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我給你們介紹介紹。 我很想給你們跟楊女士介紹介紹。
|
|
|
-5. Wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshao jièshao. Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Yǎng
|
|
|
- Nǚshì jièshao jièshao.
|
|
|
- 楊女士
|
|
|
- Yáng Nǚshì
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我給你們介紹介紹。 我很想給你們跟張科長介紹介紹。
|
|
|
-6. Wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshao jièshao. Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Zhāng
|
|
|
- Kēzhǎng jièshao jièshao.
|
|
|
- 張科長
|
|
|
- Zhāng Kēzhǎng
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我給你們介紹介紹。 我很想給你們跟李少校介紹介紹。
|
|
|
-7. Wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshao jièshao. Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Lǐ
|
|
|
- Shàoxiào jièshao jièshao.
|
|
|
- 李少校
|
|
|
- Lǐ Shàoxiào
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[191]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-E. Expansion Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他聽不見。 他不但聽不見也看不見。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Tā tīngbujiàn. You: Tā búdàn tīngbujiàn yě
|
|
|
- kànbujiàn.
|
|
|
- 看不見 (Not only can’t he hear, [but]
|
|
|
- (cue) kànbujiàn he can’t see either.)
|
|
|
- (He can’t hear.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他説不對。 聽不懂 他不但説不對也聽不懂。
|
|
|
-2. Tā shuōbuduì. tīngbudǒng Ta búdàn shuōbuduì yě tīngbudǒng.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他吃不好。 喝不好 他不但吃不好也喝不好。
|
|
|
-3. Tā chībuhǎo. hēbuhǎo Ta búdàn chībuhǎo yě hēbuhǎo.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他説不對。 寫不對 他不但説不對也寫不對。
|
|
|
-4. Tā shuōbuduì. xiěbuduì Tā búdàn shuōbuduì yě xiěbuduì.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他看不懂。 聽不懂 他不但看不懂也聽不懂。
|
|
|
-5. Tā kànbudǒng. tīngbudǒng Tā búdàn kànbudǒng yě tīngbudǒng.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他聽不懂。 説不對 他不但聽不懂也説不對。
|
|
|
-6. Tā tīngbudǒng. shuōbuduì Tā búdàn tīngbudǒng yě shuōbuduì.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他看不見。 聽不見 他不但看不見也聽不見。
|
|
|
-7. Tā kànbujiàn. tīngbujiàn Tā búdàn kànbujiàn yě tīngbujiàn.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-F. Combination Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他説得不好。他聽不懂。 他不但説得不好也聽不懂。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Tā shuōde bù hǎo. Tā You: Tā búdàn shuōde bù hǎo yě
|
|
|
- tīngbudǒng. tīngbudǒng.
|
|
|
- (He speaks poorly. He (He not only speaks poorly,
|
|
|
- can’t understand.) [but] he can’t understand
|
|
|
- either.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他説得不好。我説得不好。 不但説得不好我也説得不好。
|
|
|
- OR Tā shuōde bù hǎo. Wǒ Búdàn tǎ shuōde bù hǎo wǒ yě
|
|
|
- shuōde bù hǎo. shuōde bù hǎo.
|
|
|
- (He speaks poorly. I (Not only does he speak poorly,
|
|
|
- speak poorly.) [but] I speak poorly too.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他念得好。他寫得好。 他不但念得好也寫得好。
|
|
|
-2. Tā niànde hǎo. Tā xiědehǎo. Tā búdàn niànde hǎo yě xiědehāo.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他念得好。我念得好。 不但他念得好也念得好。
|
|
|
-3. Tā niànde hǎo. Wǒ niànde hǎo. Búdàn tā niànde hǎo wǒ yě niànde hǎo.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他聽不懂。他説不好。 他不但聽不懂也説不好。
|
|
|
-4. Tā tīngbudǒng. Tā shuōbuhǎo. Tā búdàn tīngbudǒng yě shuōbuhǎo.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他開得不好。我開得不好。 不但他開得不好也開得不好。
|
|
|
-5. Tā kāide bù hǎo. Wǒ kāide bù hǎo. Búdàn tā kāide bù hǎo wǒ yě kāide
|
|
|
- bù hǎo.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他看不見。他聽不懂。 他不但看不見也聽不懂。
|
|
|
-6. Tā kànbujiàn. Tā tīngbudǒng. Tā búdàn kànbujiàn yě tīngbudǒng.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[192]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-G. Transformation Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我不能到中國去。我的中文不行。 我很希望到中國去，不過恐怕我的中文不行。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Wǒ bù néng dào Zhōngguo You: Wǒ hěn xīwàng dào Zhōngguo qù,
|
|
|
- qù. Wǒde Zhōngwén bù búguò kǒngpà wǒde Zhōngwén
|
|
|
- xíng. bù xíng.
|
|
|
- (I can’t go to China. (I hope very much to go to
|
|
|
- My Chinese isn’t good China, but I’m afraid my
|
|
|
- enough.) Chinese isn’t good enough.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他不可以學中文。他沒有功夫。 他很希望學中文，不過恐怕他沒有功夫。
|
|
|
-2. Tā bù kéyi xué Zhōngwén. Tā Tā hěn xīwàng xué Zhōngwén, búguò
|
|
|
- méiyou gōngfu. kǒngpà tā méiyou gōngfu.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我不可以買東西。我的錢不夠。 我很希望買東西，不過恐怕我的錢不夠。
|
|
|
-3. Wǒ bù kéyi mǎi dōngxi. Wǒde Wǒ hěn xīwàng mǎi dōngxi, búguò
|
|
|
- qián bú gòu. kǒngpà wǒde qián bú gòu.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我不能去看朋友。我沒有功夫。 我很希望去看朋友，不過恐怕我沒有功夫。
|
|
|
-4. Wǒ bù néng qù kàn péngyou. Wǒ Wǒ hěn xīwàng qù kàn péngyou,
|
|
|
- méiyou gōngfu. búguò kǒngpà wǒ méiyou gōngfu.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我不能説中國話。我的中國話不行。 我很希望説中國話，不過恐怕我的中國話不行。
|
|
|
-5. Wǒ bù néng shuō Zhōngguo huà. Wǒ hěn xīwàng shuō Zhōngguo huà,
|
|
|
- Wǒde Zhōngguo huà bù xíng. búguò kǒngpà wǒde Zhōngguo huà bù
|
|
|
- xíng.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我不能跟他去吃飯。我沒有時間。 我很希望跟他去吃飯，不過恐怕我沒有時間。
|
|
|
-6. Wǒ bù néng gēn tā qù chī fàn. Wǒ hěn xīwàng gēn tā qù chī fàn,
|
|
|
- Wǒ méiyou shíjiàn. búguò kǒngpà wǒ méiyou shíjiān.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我不可以可以去開會。我聽不懂他們説的話。 我很希望去開會，不過恐怕我聽不懂他們説的話。
|
|
|
-7. Wǒ bù kéyi qù kāi huì. Wǒ Wǒ hěn xīwàng qù kāi huì, búguò
|
|
|
- tīngbudǒng tāmen shuōde huà. kǒngpà wǒ tīngbudǒng tāmen
|
|
|
- shuōde huà.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-H. Transformation Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你的茶跟他的一樣多。 你喝茶，喝得跟他一樣多。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Nǐde chá gēn tāde You: Nǐ hē chá, hēde gēn tā yíyàng
|
|
|
- yíyàng duō. duō.
|
|
|
- (You drink as much tea as he
|
|
|
- 喝 does.)
|
|
|
- (cue) hē
|
|
|
- (You have as much tea
|
|
|
- as he does.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你的東西跟他的一樣便宜。 你買東西，買得跟他的一樣便宜。
|
|
|
-2. Nǐde dōngxi gēn tāde yíyàng Nǐ mǎi dōngxi, mǎide gēn tā yíyàng
|
|
|
- piányi. piányi.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 買
|
|
|
- mǎi
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你的書跟他的一樣多。 你念書，念得跟他的一樣多。
|
|
|
-3. Nǐde shū gēn tāde yíyàng duō. Nǐ niàn shū, niànde gēn tā yíyàng
|
|
|
- duo.
|
|
|
- 念
|
|
|
- niàn
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你的書跟他的一樣好。 你教書，教得跟他的一樣好。
|
|
|
-4. Nǐde shū gēn tāde yíyàng hǎo. Nǐ jiāo shū, jiāode gēn tā yíyàng
|
|
|
- hǎo.
|
|
|
- 教
|
|
|
- jiāo
|
|
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-
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|
|
-[193]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你的飯跟他的一樣多。 你吃飯，吃得跟他的一樣多。
|
|
|
-5. Nǐde fàn gēn tāde yíyàng duō. Nǐ chī fàn, chīde gēn tā yíyàng duō.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 吃
|
|
|
- chī
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你的電話跟他的一樣多。 你打電話，打得跟他的一樣多。
|
|
|
-6. Nǐde diànhuà gēn tāde yíyàng duō. Nǐ dǎ diànhuà, dǎde gēn tā yíyàng
|
|
|
- duō.
|
|
|
- 打
|
|
|
- dǎ
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你的中國話跟他的一樣好。 你説中國話，説得跟他的一樣好。
|
|
|
-7. Nǐde Zhōngguo huà gēn tāde yíyàng Nǐ shuō Zhōngguo huà, shuōde gēn tā
|
|
|
- hao. yíyàng hǎo.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 説
|
|
|
- shuō
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-I. Response Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你請了幾個人？ 我沒請幾個人。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Nǐ qǐngle jǐge rén? You: Wǒ méi qǐng jǐge rén.
|
|
|
- (How many people did (I didn’t invite many at all
|
|
|
- you invite?)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他喝什麽？ 他不喝什麽。
|
|
|
- OR Tā hē shénme? Tā bù hē shénme.
|
|
|
- (What does he drink?) (He doesn’t drink much of
|
|
|
- anything.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你請誰？ 我不請誰。
|
|
|
-2. Nǐ qǐng shéi? Wǒ bù qǐng shéi.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他買了幾本書？ 他沒買幾本書。
|
|
|
-3. Tā mǎile jǐběn shū? Tā méi mǎi jǐběn shū.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你請什麽人？ 我不請什麽人。
|
|
|
-4. Nǐ qǐng shénme rén? Wǒ bù qǐng shénme rén.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他到哪兒去了？ 他沒到哪兒去。
|
|
|
-5. Tā dào nǎr qù le? Tā méi dào nǎr qù.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你有多少錢？ 我沒有多少錢。
|
|
|
-6. Nǐ yǒu duōshao qián? Wǒ méiyǒu duōshao qián.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[194]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-UNIT 4
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-REFERENCE LIST
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 黃科長，黃太太，歡迎歡迎。
|
|
|
-1. A: Huáng Kēzhǎng, Huáng Tàitai, Section Chief Huáng, Mrs. Huáng—
|
|
|
- huānyíng, huānyíng. welcome.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 請進。
|
|
|
- A: Qǐng jìn. Please come in.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 富太太，您好？
|
|
|
-2. B: Fù Tàitai, nín hǎo? How are you, Mrs. Franklin?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這是一點小意思。
|
|
|
- B: Zhè shi yìdiǎn xiǎo yìsi. Here is a small token of appreciation.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我知道您喜歡山水畫。
|
|
|
-3. B: Wǒ zhīdào nín xǐhuan I know you like landscape paintings.
|
|
|
- shānshuǐ huà.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 特別請朋友給您畫了一張。
|
|
|
- B: Tèbiě qǐng péngyou gěi nín I asked a friend to paint one
|
|
|
- huàle yìzhang. especially for you.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 您真是太客氣。謝謝。
|
|
|
- *A: Nín zhēn shi tài kèqi. You are really too polite. Thanks.
|
|
|
- Xièxie.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 來，我給你們介紹介紹。
|
|
|
- A: Lái, wǒ gěi nīmen jièshao Come. I’ll introduce the two of
|
|
|
- jièshao. you.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這位是何教授，在台大教經濟學。
|
|
|
-4. A: Zhèiwei shi He Jiàoshòu, This is Professor Hollins, who
|
|
|
- zài Táidà jiāo jīngjixué. teaches economics at Táiwān
|
|
|
- University.
|
|
|
- 何教授，這位是黃科長，在臺灣銀行工作。
|
|
|
- A: Hé Jiàoshòu, zhèiwei shi Professor Hollins, this is Section
|
|
|
- Huáng Kēzhǎng, zài Chief Huáng, who works at the
|
|
|
- Táiwān Yínháng gōngzuò. Bank of Táiwān.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這位是黃太太。
|
|
|
- A: Zhèiwei shi Huáng Tàitai. This is Mrs. Huáng.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 久仰，久仰。
|
|
|
-5. B: Jiǔyǎng, jiǔyǎng. Glad to meet you.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 您來了多久了？
|
|
|
- B: Nín láile duó jiǔ le? How long have you been here?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 久仰。我剛來兩個月。
|
|
|
- C: Jiǔyǎng. Wǒ gāng lai Glad to meet you. It has been only
|
|
|
- liǎngge yuè. two months since I came.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 還有很多不熟悉的地方。
|
|
|
-6. C: Hái yǒu hěn duō bù shóuxide There is still much I’m not familiar
|
|
|
- dìfang. with.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 以後還要向您請教。
|
|
|
- C: Yǐhòu hái yào xiàng nín Later I’ll need to request more
|
|
|
- qǐngjiào. advice from you.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-*The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[195]
|
|
|
- 哪裏，哪裏。
|
|
|
-7. B: Náli, náli. Not at all, not at all.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 希望以後有機會多見面。
|
|
|
- B: Xīwàng yǐhòu yǒu jīhui duō I hope that in the future we will
|
|
|
- jiànmiàn. have an opportunity to meet more.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
|
|
|
-(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-8. fāngfǎ 方法 method, way, means
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-9. fázi 法子 method, way
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-10. huàr 畫兒 painting (Běijīng pronunciation)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-11. qǐng zuò 請坐 please sit down
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-12. shèhuìxué 社會學 sociology
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-13. túshūguǎn 圖書館 library
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-14. zuò 坐 to sit
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[196]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-VOCABULARY
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- fāngfǎ 方法 method, way, means
|
|
|
- fázi 法子 method, way (Běijīng)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- huà 畫 to paint
|
|
|
- huà(r) (yìzhāng) 畫兒 (一張) a painting
|
|
|
- huānyíng 歡迎 to welcome
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- jiānmiàn 見面 to meet someone, to see someone
|
|
|
- jiàoshòu 教授 professor
|
|
|
- jìn 進 to enter
|
|
|
- jiǔyǎng 久仰 glad to meet you
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- qǐngjiào 請教 to ask advice, to consult
|
|
|
- qǐng zuo 請坐 please sit down
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- shānshuǐ 山水 mountains and rivers,
|
|
|
- scenery with hills and water
|
|
|
- shānshuī huà(r) (yìzhāng) 山水畫兒 (一張) landscape painting
|
|
|
- shèhuìxué 社會學 sociology
|
|
|
- shóuxi 熟悉 to be familiar
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- Tāidà 台大 Táiwān University
|
|
|
- tèbié 特別 especially
|
|
|
- túshūguǎn 圖書館 library
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- xiang 向 towards; from
|
|
|
- xiǎo yìsi 小意思 a token of appreciation
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- zuo 坐 to sit
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(introduced on C-2 and. P-2 tapes)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- biǎoyǎn 表演 to give a demonstration
|
|
|
- bú dà hǎo mǎi 不大好買 not very easy to buy
|
|
|
- duì...shóuxi 對...熟悉 to be familiar with
|
|
|
- Jiàoyubù 教育部 Ministry of Education
|
|
|
- mǎi cài 買菜 to buy groceries
|
|
|
- sòng gěi 送給 to give
|
|
|
- xǐ yīshang 洗衣裳 to to wash clothes
|
|
|
- yánjiu 研究 to study, to do research
|
|
|
- yòuéryuǎn 幼兒園 kindergarten
|
|
|
- yóu huà 油畫 oil painting
|
|
|
- zhǎnlǎn 展覽 exhibition
|
|
|
- zhàogu 照顧 to take care of
|
|
|
- zuò fan 做飯 to cook
|
|
|
- zuòyè 作業 homework
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[197]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-REFERENCE NOTES
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 黃科長，黃太太，歡迎歡迎。
|
|
|
-1. A: Huáng Kēzhǎng, Huáng Tàitai, Section Chief Huang, Mrs. Huang—
|
|
|
- huānyíng, huānyíng. welcome.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 請進。
|
|
|
- A: Qǐng jìn. Please come in.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 富太太，您好？
|
|
|
-2. B: Fù Tàitai, nín hǎo? How are you, Mrs. Franklin?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這是一點小意思。
|
|
|
- B: Zhè shi yìdiǎn xiǎo yìsi. Here is a small token of appreciation.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Note on Nos. 1-2
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Xiǎo yìsi: Y0u have already seen yìsi in the expression yǒu yìsi, “to
|
|
|
-be interesting.” Yìsi means “meaning,” “significance,” “intention,” “idea.”
|
|
|
-In No. 2, above, xiǎo yìsi (literally, “small [good] intent”) is an idiomatic
|
|
|
-expression meaning “a small (token of my) feelings of appreciation.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我知道您喜歡山水畫。
|
|
|
-3. B: Wǒ zhīdao nín xǐhuan shānshuǐ I know you like landscape paintings.
|
|
|
- huà.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 特別請朋友給您畫一張。
|
|
|
- B: Tèbié qǐng péngyou gěi nín I asked a friend to paint one
|
|
|
- huàle yìzhāng. especially for you.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 您真是太客氣。謝謝。
|
|
|
- A: Nín zhēn shi tài kèqi. You are really too polite. Thanks.
|
|
|
- Xièxie.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 來，我給你們介紹介紹。
|
|
|
- A: Lái, wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshao Come. I’ll introduce the two of you.
|
|
|
- jièshao.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 3
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Shānshuǐ, “mountains and rivers,” “scenery with hills and water,” is a
|
|
|
-compound made up of shān, “mountain,” and shuǐ, “water.” In shānshuǐ, shuǐ
|
|
|
-refers to rivers or lakes.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Tèbié qǐng péngyou gěi nín huàle yìzhāng: Notice that the verb huà is
|
|
|
-followed by the completion marker le. For this reason, the sentence means
|
|
|
-that the painting has been finished. The completed-action sense of huàle
|
|
|
-might he captured by looser translations of the sentence, like “I asked a
|
|
|
-friend, and he painted one for you” and “I asked a friend, who painted one
|
|
|
-for you.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-The sentence Wǒ tèbié qǐng péngyou gěi nín huà yìzhāng, without le, does
|
|
|
-not indicate whether the painting has been finished or not. The sentence
|
|
|
-might he used when a speaker thinks that a painting has not yet been
|
|
|
-finished.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[198]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Zhēn shi tài kèqi, “really too polite,” is a variation of Nín zhēn tài
|
|
|
-kèqi. Shi is sometimes used simply to show that the subject of a sentence
|
|
|
-fits the description that follows.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這位是何教授，在台大教經濟學。
|
|
|
-4. A: Zhèiwei shi Hé Jiàoshòu, zài This is Professor Hollins, who
|
|
|
- Táidà jiāo jīngjixué. teaches economics at Táiwān
|
|
|
- University.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 何教授，這位是黃科長，在臺灣銀行工作。
|
|
|
- A: Hé Jiàoshòu, zhèiwei shi Professor Hollins, this is Section
|
|
|
- Huáng Kēzhǎng, zài Táiwān Chief Huáng, who works at the
|
|
|
- Yínháng gōngzuò. Bank of Táiwān.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這位是黃太太。
|
|
|
- A: Zhèiwei shi Huáng Tàitai. This is Mrs. Huáng.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 4
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Jiàoshòu, “professor”: The first syllable in this word means “teaching.”
|
|
|
-Notice that the tone on jiào is different from the tone on the verb “to
|
|
|
-teach,” jiāo.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Táidà is the abbreviation for Táiwān Dàxué, “Táiwān University.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Zhèiwei shi Huáng Kēzhǎng, zài Táiwān Yínháng gōngzuò looks like a
|
|
|
-run-on sentence, with the pronoun tā dropped from the second part of the
|
|
|
-sentence. In Chinese, this is a perfectly good way to add a second clause
|
|
|
-to a sentence. To characterize a person or thing just identified, the
|
|
|
-Chinese simply attach a descriptive sentence and omit the subject. You
|
|
|
-have already learned this pattern: Wángfǔjǐng Dàjiē yǒu yige Xīnhuá Shūdiàn,
|
|
|
-hěn dà. Here are some additional examples:
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他太太是日本人，現在在上海。
|
|
|
- Tā tàitai shi Rìběn rén, His wife is Japanese; she is in
|
|
|
- xiànzài zài Shànghǎi. Shanghai now.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我有一個朋友姓吾，在東海大學教書
|
|
|
- 明年想到美國去。
|
|
|
- Wǒ yǒu yige péngyou xìng Wú, I have a friend named Wú who teaches
|
|
|
- zài Dōnghǎi Dàxué jiāo shū, at Dōnghāi University. He is
|
|
|
- míngnián xiǎng dào Měiguo qù. planning to go to America next
|
|
|
- year.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[199]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 久仰，久仰。
|
|
|
-5. B: Jiǔyǎng, jiǔyǎng. Glad to meet you.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 您來了多久了？
|
|
|
- B: Nín láile duó jiǔ le? How long have you been here?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 久仰。我剛來兩個月。
|
|
|
- C: Jiǔyǎng. Wǒ gāng lái Glad to meet you. It has been only
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- liǎngge yuè. two months since I came.
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-
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-Notes on No. 5
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-
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-Jiǔyǎng means, literally, “I have looked up to you for a long time” or
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-“I have looked forward to meeting you.” It is used when meeting someone
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-of higher status. Because jiǔyǎng implies a status difference, the
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-expression is not often used in the PRC.
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-
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-Gāng, “only just”: you have learned the sentence Wǒ láile liǎngge yuè
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-le, “I have been here two months now.” In the last sentence of exchange 5.
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-notice that no le is needed. The focus has shifted from the coming to the
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-shortness of the period; that is, the focus is on gāng.
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-
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- 還有很多不熟悉的地方。
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-6. C: Hái yǒu hěn duō bù shǒuxide There is still much I’m not familiar
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- dìfang. with.
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-
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- 以後還要向您請教。
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- C: Yǐhòu hái yào xiàng nín Later I’ll need to request more
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- qǐngjiào. advice from you.
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-
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-Notes on No. 6
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-
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-Shóuxi, “to be familiar [with the details of something],” is also
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-pronounced shúxi.
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-
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-Dìfang means “areas,” “aspects” (NOT “places”) in the first sentence of
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-No. 6. Thus shóuxide dìfang means “areas/aspects one is familiar with.”
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-
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-Xiàng nín qǐngjiào is a polite way of requesting advice from someone—for
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-example, a teacher, an advisor, or a senior colleague. Here, the
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-prepositional verb xiàng means “from.” (You learned xiàng as “towards”
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-in the Directions Module.) Literally, it means “facing.” Less formally,
|
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-you may also say gēn nín qǐngjiào. Qǐngjiào (literally, “request
|
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-instruction”) may be reduplicated or used with an object in sentences like
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-the following:
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-
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- 我要跟您請教一件事。
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- Wǒ yào gēn nín qǐngjiào I would like to consult with you
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- yíjiàn shi. about something.
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-
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- 我要跟您請教請教。
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- Wǒ yào gēn nín qǐngjiào
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- qǐngjiào.
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-
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-Yíhòu hái yào...: In this sentence, hái means “still more,” or
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-“additionally.”
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-
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-
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-[200]
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-
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- 哪裏，哪裏。
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-7. B: Náli, náli. Not at all, not at all.
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-
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- 希望以後有機會多見面。
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- B: Xīwàng yǐhòu yǒu jīhui duō I hope that in the future we will
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- jiànmiàn. have an opportunity to meet more.
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-
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-Note on No. 7
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-
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-The adjectival verb duō, “to be much,” “to be many,” is used in No. 7
|
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-as an adverb meaning “much,” “more.” Shǎo may be used in the same way.
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-
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- 咖啡不能多喝。
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- Kāfēi bù néng duō hē. One must not drink too much coffee.
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-
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- 你多吃點兒吧。
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- Nǐ duō chī diǎnr ba. Eat a little more.
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-
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- 他多住了兩天。
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- Tā duō zhùle liāngtiǎn. He stayed two days longer.
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-
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- 我少買了一張票。
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- Wǒ shǎo mǎile yìzhāng piào. I bought one ticket too few.
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- (more literally, “I underbought
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|
- by one ticket.”)
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-
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- 他説他要少吃。
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- Tā shuō tā yào shǎo chī. He says he wants to eat less (cut
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- down on eating).
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-
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-
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-
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-8. fāngfǎ 方法 method, way, means
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-
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-
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-9. fázi 法子 method, way
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-
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-
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-10. huàr 畫 painting (Běijīng pronunciation)
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-
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-
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-11. qǐng zuō 請坐 please have a seat
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-
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-
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-12. shèhuìxué 社會學 sociology
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-
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-
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-13. túshūguǎn 圖書館 library
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-
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-
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-l4. zuò 坐 to sit
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-
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-
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|
-Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Here are a few sentences illustrating some of the words:
|
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-
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-你的社會學學得怎麽好！你用什麽方法念得？
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|
-Nǐde shèhuìxué xuéde zhènme You learned your sociology so well!
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-hǎo! Nǐ yòng shénme fāngfǎ How do you study it?
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-niànde?
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-
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-每天在圖書館四個鐘頭。
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-Měitiān zài túshūguǎn sìge I spend four hours in the library
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-zhōngtóu. everyday.
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-
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-唉！我沒有法子在圖書館坐四個鐘頭
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-Ài! Wǒ méiyou fázi zài Boy! There’s no way I can sit in
|
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-túshūguǎn zuò sìge the library for four hours.
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|
-zhōngtóu.
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-
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-
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|
-[201]
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-
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|
-VOCABULARY BOOSTER
|
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-
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|
- Opposites
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-
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- 安靜 熱鬧
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- ānjìng rènao
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|
- to be peaceful to be lively
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|
- to be bustling
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- to be noisy
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-
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- 長 短
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- cháng duǎn
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- to be long to be short
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-
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- 聰明 笨
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- cōngming bèn
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- to be intelligent to be stupid
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- to be bright to be foolish
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-
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- 大 小
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- dà xiǎo
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|
- to be large to be small
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-
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|
- 到達 離開
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|
- dàodá líkāi
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|
- to arrive to leave
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|
- to reach
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-
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- 對 錯
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|
- duì cuò
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|
- to be correct to make a mistake
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|
- to be wrong
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|
-
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- 乾净 髒
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|
- gānjìng (gānjing) zāng
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|
- to be clean to be dirty
|
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|
-
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|
- 高 矮
|
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|
- gāo ǎi
|
|
|
- to be tall to be short (of stature)
|
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|
-
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|
- 高興 難過
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|
- gāoxìng nánguò
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|
- to be happy to feel sorry
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|
- to feel bad
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|
- to be grieved
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|
-
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|
- 工作 休息
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|
- gōngzuò xiūxi
|
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|
- to work to rest
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|
- to relax
|
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|
-
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|
- 好 壞
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|
- hǎo huài
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|
|
- to be good to be bad
|
|
|
- to be well
|
|
|
-
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|
|
- 簡單 複雜
|
|
|
- jiǎndān fùzá (fǔzá)
|
|
|
- to be simple to be complicated
|
|
|
- to be complex
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[202]
|
|
|
-
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|
- 健康 有病
|
|
|
- jiànkāng yǒu bìng
|
|
|
- to be healthy to be ill
|
|
|
- to be sick
|
|
|
-
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|
|
- 寬 窄
|
|
|
- kuān zhǎi
|
|
|
- to be wide to be narrow
|
|
|
- to be broad
|
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|
-
|
|
|
- 來 去
|
|
|
- lái qù
|
|
|
- to come to go
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 累 有精神
|
|
|
- lèi yǒu jīngshen
|
|
|
- to be tired to be lively
|
|
|
- to be spirited
|
|
|
- to be vigorous
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 冷 熱
|
|
|
- lěng rè
|
|
|
- to be cold to be hot
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 涼快 暖和
|
|
|
- liángkuai nuǎnhuo
|
|
|
- to be cool to be warm
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 滿 空
|
|
|
- mǎn kōng
|
|
|
- to be full to be vacant
|
|
|
- to be empty
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 慢 快
|
|
|
- màn kuài
|
|
|
- to be slow to be fast
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 忙 閑
|
|
|
- máng xián
|
|
|
- to be busy to be idle
|
|
|
- to be unoccupied
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 年輕 老
|
|
|
- niánqīng lǎo
|
|
|
- to be young to be old (in years
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 便宜 貴
|
|
|
- piányi guì
|
|
|
- to be inexpensive to be expensive
|
|
|
- to be cheap
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 漂亮 難看
|
|
|
- piàoliang nánkàn
|
|
|
- to be beautiful to be ugly
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 強 弱
|
|
|
- qiáng ruò
|
|
|
- to be strong to be weak
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 容易 難
|
|
|
- róngyi nán
|
|
|
- to be easy to be difficult
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 生 死
|
|
|
- shēng sǐ
|
|
|
- to be born to die
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[203]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 甜 苦
|
|
|
- tián kǔ
|
|
|
- to be sweet to be bitter
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 停 走
|
|
|
- tíng zǒu
|
|
|
- to stop to go
|
|
|
- to halt to walk
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 推 拉
|
|
|
- tuī lā
|
|
|
- to push to pull
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 遠 近
|
|
|
- yuǎn jìn
|
|
|
- to be far to be near
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 早 晚
|
|
|
- zǎo wǎn
|
|
|
- to be early to be late
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 真 假
|
|
|
- zhēn jiǎ
|
|
|
- to be true to be false
|
|
|
- to be real to be fake
|
|
|
- to be genuine to be artificial
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[204]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-DRILLS
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-A. Transformation Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我想請他畫一張畫兒。 我特別請他畫了一張畫兒。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Wǒ xiang qǐng ta huà You: Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta huàle yìzhāng
|
|
|
- yìzhāng huàr. huàr.
|
|
|
- (I’m thinking of asking (I asked him especially to
|
|
|
- him to paint a paint a painting.)
|
|
|
- painting.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我想請他吃一次中國飯。 我特別請他吃了一次中國飯。
|
|
|
-2. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta chī yícì Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta chīle yícì Zhōngguo
|
|
|
- Zhōngguo fàn. fàn.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我想請他買兩張臺北地圖。 我特別請他買了兩張臺北地圖。
|
|
|
-3. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta mǎi liǎngzhāng Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta mǎile liǎngzhāng
|
|
|
- Táiběi dìtú. Táiběi dìtú.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我想請他教兩年。 我特別請他教了兩年。
|
|
|
-4. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta jiāo liǎngnián. Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta jiāole liǎngnián.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我想請他畫一張中國畫兒。 我特別請他畫了一張中國畫兒。
|
|
|
-5. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta huà yìzhāng Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta huàle yìzhāng
|
|
|
- Zhōngguo huàr. Zhōngguo huàr.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我想請他來一次。 我特別請他來了一次。
|
|
|
-6. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta lái yícì. Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta láile yícì.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我想請他看一次電影。 我特別請他看了一次電影。
|
|
|
-7. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta kàn yícì Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta kànle yícì diànyǐng.
|
|
|
- diànyǐng.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-B. Combination Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他是何教授。他在台大教經濟學。 這位是何教授，在台大教經濟學。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Tā shi Hé Jiàoshòu. You: Zhèiwèi shi Hé Jiàozhòu, zài
|
|
|
- Tā zài Táidà jiāo Táidà jiāo jīngjixué.
|
|
|
- jīngjixué. (This is Professor Hé, who
|
|
|
- (He is Professor Hé. teaches economics at Táiwān
|
|
|
- He teaches economics University.)
|
|
|
- at Táiwān University.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 她是王科長。她在外交部工作。 這位是王科長，在外交部工作
|
|
|
-2. Tā shi Wáng Kēzhǎng. Tā zài Zhèiwèi shi Wáng Kēzhǎng, zài
|
|
|
- Wàijiāobù gōngzuò. Wàijiāobù gōngzuò.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他是沈少校。他在武官処工作。 這位是沈少校，在武官処工作。
|
|
|
-3. Tā shi Shěn Shàoxiào. Tā zài Zhèiwèi shi Shěn Shàoxiào, zài
|
|
|
- Wǔguānchù gōngzuò. Wǔguānchù gōngzuò.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他是林教授。他在加州大學教書。 這位是林教授，在加州大學教書。
|
|
|
-4. Tā shi Lín Jiàoshòu. Tā zài Zhèiwèi shi Lín Jiàoshòu, zài
|
|
|
- Jiāzhōu Dàxué jiāo shū. Jiāzhōu Dàxué jiāo shū.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[205]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他是呂科長。他在臺灣銀行工作。 這位是呂科長，在臺灣銀行工作。
|
|
|
-5. Tā shi Lǚ Kēzhǎng. Tā zài Zhèiwèi shi Lǚ Kēzhǎng, zài Táiwān
|
|
|
- Táiwān Yínháng gōngzuò. Yínháng gōngzuò.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 她是劉小姐。她在台大念書。 這位是劉小姐，在台大念書。
|
|
|
-6. Tā shi Liú Xiǎojiě. Tā zài Zhèiwèi shi Liú Xiǎojiě, zài Táidà
|
|
|
- Táidà niàn shū. niàn shū.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他是韩教授。他在台大教政治學。 這位是韩教授，在台大教政治學。
|
|
|
-7. Tā shi Hán Jiàoshòu. Tā zài Zhèiwèi shi Hán Jiàoshòu, zài
|
|
|
- Táidà jiāo zhèngzhixué. Táidà jiāo zhèngzhixué.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-C. Transformation Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 有很多地方我不熟悉。 我還有很多不熟悉的地方。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Yǒu hěn duō dìfang wǒ You: Wǒ hái yǒu hěn duō bù shóuxide
|
|
|
- bù shóuxi. dìfang.
|
|
|
- (There is much I’m not (There is still much I’m not
|
|
|
- familiar with.) familiar with.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 在這兒，有很多人不喝茶。 在這兒，有很多不喝茶的人。
|
|
|
- OR Zài zhèr, yǒu hěn duō Zài zhèr, yǒu hěn duō bù hē
|
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- rén bù hē chá. cháde rén.
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- (There are many people (There are many non-tea drinking
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- here who don’t drink people here.)
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- tea.)
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-
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- 有很多地方我聽不懂。 我還有很多聼不懂的地方。
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-2. Yǒu hěn duō dìfang wǒ tīngbudǒng. Wǒ hái yǒu hěn duō tīngbudǒngde dìfang.
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-
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- 在這兒，有很多人不看報。 在這兒，有很多不看報。
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-3. Zài zhèr, yǒu hěn duō rén bú kàn Zài zhèr, yǒu hěn duō bú kàn bàode
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- bào. rén.
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-
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- 在這兒，有很多人不會説中國話。 在這兒，有很多不會説中國話的人。
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-4. Zài zhèr, yǒu hěn duō rén bú huì Zài zhèr, yǒu hěn duō bú huì shuō
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- shuō Zhōngguo huà. Zhōngguo huàde rén.
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-
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- 有很多地方我不會做。 我還有很多不會做的地方。
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-5. Yǒu hěn duō dìfang wǒ bú huì zuò. Wǒ hái yǒu hěn duō bú huì zuòde
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- dìfang.
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-
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- 有很多地方我看不懂。 我還有很多我看不懂的地方。
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-6. Yǒu hěn duō dìfang wǒ kànbudǒng. Wǒ hái yǒu hěn duō kànbudǒngde
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- dìfang.
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-
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-[206]
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-
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-
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-D. Transformation Drill
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-
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- 我們以後見面的機會很多。 希望以後有機會多見面。
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-1. Speaker: Wǒmen yǐhòu jiànmiànde You: Xīwàng yǐhòu yǒu jīhui duō
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- jīhui hěn duō. jiànmiàn.
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- (We will have many more (I hope that in the future we
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- opportunities to meet will have an opportunity to
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- in the future.) meet more.)
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-
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- 我以後向您請教的機會很多。 希望以後有機會多向您請教。
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-2. Wǒ yǐhòu xiàng nín qǐngjiàode Xīwàng yǐhòu yǒu jīhui duō xiàng
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- jīhui hěn duo. nín qǐngjiào.
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-
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- 我們以後説中國話的機會很多。 希望以後有機會多説中國話。
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-3. Wǒmen yǐhòu shuō Zhōngguo huàde Xīwàng yǐhòu yǒu jīhui duō shuō
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- jīhui hěn duō. Zhōngguo huà.
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-
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- 我以後學中文的機會很多。 希望以後有機會多學中文。
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-4. Wǒ yǐhòu xué Zhōngwénde jīhui Xīwàng yǐhòu yǒu jīhui duō xué
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- hěn duō. Zhōngwén.
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-
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- 我們以後來的機會很多。 希望以後有機會多來。
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-5. Wǒmen yǐhòu láide jīhui hěn duō. Xīwàng yǐhòu yǒu jīhui duō lái.
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-
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- 我們以後在一起的機會很多。 希望以後有機會多在一起。
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-6. Wǒmen yǐhòu zài yìqǐde jīhui Xīwàng yǐhòu yǒu jīhui duō zài yìqǐ.
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- hěn duō.
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-
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- 我以後旅行的機會很多。 希望以後有機會多旅行。
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-7. Wō yǐhòu lǚxíngde jīhui hěn duō. Xīwàng yǐhòu yǒu jīhui duō lǚxíng.
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-
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-
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-E. Expansion Drill
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-
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- 黃科長，歡迎歡迎。 黃科長，歡迎歡迎。請進，請進來坐。
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-1. Speaker: Huáng Kēzhǎng, huānyíng, You: Huáng Kēzhǎng, huānyíng,
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- huānyíng. huānyíng. Qǐng jìn, qǐng
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- jìnlai zuò.
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- 坐 (Section Chief Huáng, welcome,
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- (cue) zuò welcome. Please come in
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- (Section Chief Huáng, and sit down.)
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- welcome, welcome.)
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-
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- 王小姐，您好？ 王小姐，您好？請進，請進來坐坐。
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-2. Wáng Xiǎojiě, nín hǎo? Wáng Xiǎojiě, nín hǎo? Qǐng jìn,
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- qǐng jìnlai zuòzuo.
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- 坐坐
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- zuòzuo
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-
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- 李先生，您好？ 李先生，您好？請進，請進來喝一點茶。
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-3. Lǐ Xiānsheng, nín hǎo? Lǐ Xiānsheng, nín hǎo? Qǐng jìn,
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- qǐng jìnlai hē yìdiǎn chā.
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- 喝一點茶
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- hē yìdiǎn chá
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-
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- 吾科長，您好？ 吾科長，您好？請進，請進來坐。
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-4. Wú Kēzhǎng, nín hǎo? Wú Kēzhǎng, nín hǎo? Qǐng jìn,
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- qǐng jìnlai zuò.
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- 坐
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- zuò
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-
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- 趙太太，歡迎歡迎。 趙太太，歡迎歡迎請進，請進來坐。
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-5. Zhào Tàitai, huānyíng, huānyíng. Zhào Tàitai, huānyíng, huānyíng.
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- Qǐng jìn, qǐng jìnlai zuò.
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- 坐
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- zuò
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-
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-[207]
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-
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- 張先生，張太太，您好？ 張先生，張太太，您好？請進，請進來坐一會兒。
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-6. Zhāng Xiānsheng, Zhāng Tàitai, Zhāng Xiānsheng, Zhāng Tàitai, nín
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- nín hǎo? hǎo? Qǐng jìn, qǐng jìnlai zuò
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- yìhuǐr.
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- 坐一會兒
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- zuò yìhuǐr
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-
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- 乾科長，好久不見。 乾科長，好久不見。請進，請進來坐坐坐。
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-7. Qián Kēzhǎng, hǎo jiǔ bú jiàn. Qián Kēzhǎng, hǎo jiǔ bú jiàn.
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- Qǐng jìn, qǐng jìnlai zuòzuo.
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- 坐坐
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- zuòzuo
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-
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-
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-
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-[208]
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-
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-UNIT 5
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-
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-REFERENCE LIST
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-
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-(in Běijīng)
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-
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- 喂
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-1. B: Wài. Hello.
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-
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- 喂，是外交部嗎？
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- A: Wài, shi Wàijiāobù ma? Hello. Is this the Ministry of
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- Foreign Affairs?
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- 我要找林司長説話。
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- A: Wǒ yào zhǎo Lín Sīzhang I want to speak with Department
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- shuō huà. Chief Lín.
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-
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- 您是哪兒？
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-2. B: Nín shi nǎr a? Who is this?
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-
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- 我姓勒克萊爾。我是法國大使館的
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- 商務經濟官。
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- A: Wǒ xìng Lèkēláiěr. Wǒ shi My name is Leclaire. I am the
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- Fǎguo Dàshiguǎnde Commercial/Ecomonics Officer from
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- Shāngwù Jīngjiguān. the French Embassy.
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-
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- 您等一等，我給您看看他在不在。
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- B: Nín děngyiděng, wǒ gěi Wait a moment. I’ll see whether
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- nín kànkan tā zài bu zai. he is here or not.
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-
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- 喂，他這會兒不在。您要留個話兒嗎？
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-3. B: Wài, tā zhèihuǐr bú zài. Hello. He is not here at the
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- Nín yào liú ge huàr ma? moment. Would you like to leave
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- a message?
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-
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- 勞駕，他回來的時候，您請他給我
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- 打個電話。
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- A: Láojià, tā huílaide shíhou, When he comes back, please ask
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- nín qǐng ta gěi wǒ dǎ ge him to give me a phone call.
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- diànhuà.
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-
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- 好，請您把您的電話號兒告诵
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- 我， 我寫下來。
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-4. B: Hǎo, qǐng nín bǎ nínde All right. Please tell me your
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- diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong phone number. I’ll write it
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- wǒ. Wǒ xiěxiàlái. down.
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-
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- 我的電話是五二幺三三幺。
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- A: Wǒde diànhuà shi wǔ èr My phone number is 521-331.
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- yāo-sān sān yāo.
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-
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- 對不起。你剛才給我打電話，我不在。
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-5. C: Duìbuqǐ, nǐ gāngcǎi géi I’m sorry. When you called me just
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- wo dǎ diànhuà, wō bú zài. now, I wasn’t in.
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-
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- 你有事嗎？
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- C: Nǐ yǒu shì ma? Can I help you with something?
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-
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- 是啊！我那天跟您約好了明天十點到
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- 您辦公室去談談。
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- A: Shì a! Wǒ nèitiān gēn Yes, you can. The other day I made
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- nín yuēhǎole míngtiān an appointment with you to go to
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- shídiǎn dào nín bàngōngshì your office at ten o’clock
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- qu tántan. tomorrow for a talk.
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-
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- 因爲明天早上我有要緊的事，所以想
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- 問您我們能不能改到下午。
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-6. A: Yīnwei míngtiān zǎoshang wǒ Because I have an urgent business
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- yǒu yíjiàn yàojǐnde shì, matter tomorrow morning, I want
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- suóyi xiǎng wèn nín wǒmen to ask you whether we can change
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- néng bu néng gǎi dào xiàwǔ. it [the appointment] to the
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- afternoon.
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-
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-[209]
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-
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- 下午什麽時候？
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- *C: Xiàwǔ shénme shíhou? What time in the afternoon?
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-
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- 您看下午三四點怎麽樣？對您
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- 方便不方便？
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- A: Nín kàn xiàwǔ sān-sìdiǎn What do you think of three or four
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- zěnmeyàng? Duì nín in the afternoon? Is that
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- fāngbian bu fangbian? convenient for you?
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-
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- 四點比三點好。我三點中得開會。
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- C: Sìdiǎn bǐ sāndiǎn hǎo. Four would be better than three.
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- Wǒ sāndiān zhōng děi I have to attend a meeting at
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- kāi huì. three o’clock.
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-
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- 好吧。那明天四點鐘見。
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- A: Hǎo ba. Nà míngtiān All right. Well then, see you at
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- sìdiǎn zhōng jiàn. four o’clock tomorrow.
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-
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- 好，我四點鐘等你。
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- C: Hǎo, wǒ sìdiǎn zhōng děng All right. I’ll wait for you at
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- ni. four o’clock.
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-
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-
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-ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
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-(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
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-
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-7. háishi 還是 still
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-
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-8. wàiguo 外國 foreign, abroad
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-
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-9. wàiguo rén 外國人 foreigner (non-Chinese)
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-
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-10. wūzi (yìjiān) 屋子 (一間) room
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-
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-11. yāo 幺 one (telephone pronunciation)
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-
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-
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-* The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape.
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-
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-
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-[210]
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-
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-VOCABULARY
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-
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- bǎ 把 (prepositional verb which indicates
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- the direct object)
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- bàngōngshì 辦公室 office
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- gǎi 改 to change
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- gǎi dào 改到 to change to
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- gāngcái 剛才 just now, a short time ago
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- háishi 還是 still
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- hàomǎ(r) 號碼(兒) number
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- jīngjiguān 經濟官 economics officer
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- liú 留 to leave, to keep, to save
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- liú(ge)huà(r) 留(個)話(兒) to leave a message
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- nèitiān 那天 the other day
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- shāngwù 商務 commercial business
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- shāngwùguān 商務官 commercial officer
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- wàiguó 外國 foreign, abroad
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- wàiguo rén 外國人 foreigner (non-Chinese)
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- Wàijiāobù 外交部 Ministry of Foreign Affairs
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- wūzi (yìjiān) 屋子 (一間) room
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- xiěxiàlái 寫下來 to write down
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- yāo 幺 one (telephone pronunciation)
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- yàojǐn 要緊 to be important, to be urgent
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- yuēhǎole 約好了 to have (successfully) made
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- arrangements, to have made an
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- appointment
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- zhèihuìr 這會兒 this moment, at the moment (Běijing)
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-
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-(introduced on C-2 and drill tapes)
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-
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- chūtǔ wénwù zhǎnlǎn 出土文物展覽 exhibition of archaeological finds
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- dǎ dao to make a phone call to
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- dàibiǎotuán 代表團 delegation
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- gǎnbuhuílái can’t make it back in time
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- jiàoyuán 教員 teacher
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-
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-[211]
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-
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- jīnglǐ 經理 manager
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- qīnzì 親自 personally, privately
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- tuánzhǎng 團長 head of the delegation
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- zhǔrèn 主任 director
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- zìjǐ 自己 oneself (“myself,” “yourself,” etc.)
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-
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-
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-(introduced in Communication Game)
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-
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- chēfáng 車房 garage
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- dì 地 ground, earth
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-
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-
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-Street scene in Shanghai
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-
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-
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-[212]
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-
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-REFERENCE NOTES
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-
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- 喂。
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-1. B: Wài. Hello.
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-
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- 喂，是外交部嗎？
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- A: Wèi, shi Wàijiāobù ma? Hello. Is this the Ministry of
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- Foreign Affairs?
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- 我要找林司長説話。
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- A: Wǒ yào zhǎo Lín Sīzhǎng I want to speak with Department
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- shuō huà. Chief Liín.
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-
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-Notes on No. 1
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-
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-Wài jiāobù: Wàijiāo is the word for “diplomacy” (more literally,
|
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-“foreign relations”). Bù designates an organizational unit; in speaking
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-of the Chinese government, bù is translated as “ministry.”* The head of
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-a bù is a bùzhǎng, “minister.”
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-
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-Wài-, “foreign,” is used in terms such as wàiguó, “overseas” (literally,
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-“foreign country”) and wàiguo rén, “foreigner” (most frequently referring
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-to a person from a non-Asian country). Literally, wài- means “outside,”
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-as in wàimian.
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-
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-Yào zhǎo...shuō huà means, literally, “I would like to look for . . .
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-to speak [with himl.”
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-
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-Telephone conversations: Telephone courtesy in the United States
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-requires that a person identify himself before beginning a conversation.
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-In China, however, it is normal for the caller to ask “Who is this?” and
|
|
|
-for the person who answers the phone to inquire “Who is calling?”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-*Bù is also used for a “department” of the U.S. government: Nèizhèngbù,
|
|
|
-“Department of the Interior”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 您是哪兒？
|
|
|
- 2. B: Nín shi nǎr a? Who is this?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我姓勒克萊爾。我是法國大使館的
|
|
|
- 商務經濟官。
|
|
|
- A: Wǒ xìng Lèkēláiěr. Wǒ shi My name is Leclaire. I am the
|
|
|
- Fǎguo Dàshiguǎnde Shāngwù Commercial/Economics Officer
|
|
|
- Jīngjiguān. from the French Embassy.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 您等一等，我給您看看他在不在。
|
|
|
- B: Nín děngyiděng, wǒ gěi nín Wait a moment. I’ll see whether
|
|
|
- kànkan tā zài bu zai. he is here or not.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 2
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Nín shi nǎr a? is one polite way to ask who is calling. Nǎr asks for
|
|
|
-the name of the office or organization which the caller represents. You
|
|
|
-may also say Nǐ nǎr a? To ask for the caller’s name, use Qǐngwèn nǐ shi...?
|
|
|
-or Qǐngwèn nǐ guìxìng?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[213]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Fǎguo: In the PRC, the word for “France” usually has a low tone instead
|
|
|
-of a falling tone (Fàguo).
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-The syllable -guān means “government official,” “officer,” or
|
|
|
-“officeholder.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Tā zài bu zai: Zài means “to be present” here. With this meaning,
|
|
|
-zài does not have to be followed by a place word.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 喂，他這會兒不在。您要留個話兒嗎？
|
|
|
-3. B: Wèi, tā zhèihuǐr bú zài. Hello. He is not here at the moment
|
|
|
- Nín yào liú ge huàr ma? Would you like to leave a message?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 勞駕，他回來的時候，您請他給我
|
|
|
- 打個電話。
|
|
|
- A: Láojià, tā huílaide shíhou, When he comes back, please ask him
|
|
|
- nín qǐng ta gěi wǒ dǎ ge to give me a phone call.
|
|
|
- diànhuà.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 3
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Zhèihuǐr is a colloquial word for “now,” “at the moment.” The word is
|
|
|
-made up of zhè plus yìhuǐr. Its position preceding the verb shows that it
|
|
|
-refers to a point in time.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Liú ge huàr: Liú means “to leave [something/someone!] behind.” Huàr,
|
|
|
-translated in exchange 3 as “message,” is the word for “speech.” Directly
|
|
|
-following a verb (in this case, liú), the yī of unstressed yige may be
|
|
|
-omitted.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 好，請您把您的電話號兒告诵
|
|
|
- 我， 我寫下來。
|
|
|
-4. B: Hǎo, qǐng nín bǎ nínde diànhuà All right. Please tell me your
|
|
|
- hàomar gàosong wǒ. Wǒ phone number. I’ll write it down,
|
|
|
- xiěxiàlái.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我的電話是五二幺三三幺。
|
|
|
- A: Wǒde diànhuà shi wǔ èr yāo My phone number is 521-331.
|
|
|
- sān sān yāo.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 4
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Hàomǎr is used for “number” in speaking of identification numbers such
|
|
|
-as a passport number. (Shùmu, “number,” expresses an amount.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[214]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Yāo is used in Běijing for giving room numbers and telephone numbers
|
|
|
-whenever those numbers are given orally.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Xiěxialai is a compound verb which is formed like náxialai. However,
|
|
|
-while náxialai literally means “to bring down and towards the speaker,”
|
|
|
-xiěxialai does NOT mean “to write in a downward direction towards the
|
|
|
-speaker.” The compound xiěxialai corresponds to the English idiom “to
|
|
|
-write down.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Qǐng nín bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ illustrates some of the
|
|
|
-rules concerning the use of the prepositional verb bǎ. (Read the
|
|
|
-Transportation Module notes on bǎ.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Bǎ is a prepositional verb used to bring the direct object of a sentence
|
|
|
-to a position preceding the main verb. To do so has certain effects on
|
|
|
-the meaning of a sentence. There are reasons why bǎ must be used, why it
|
|
|
-may not be used, and why it is optional in different kinds of sentences.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-In the first sentence of exchange 4, the use of the bǎ construction is
|
|
|
-optional. yǒu may also say Qǐng ni gàosong wǒ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr. The
|
|
|
-sentence fulfills the requirements for the optional use of bǎ but has
|
|
|
-none of the features which make the use of bǎ a necessity. Let’s look
|
|
|
-more closely at these different requirements and features.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-a. What conditions are necessary for the use of bǎ?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(1) The object of bǎ must be acted on. In other words, the action
|
|
|
- must be performed on the object of bǎ. In the first sentence of exchange 4,
|
|
|
- nínde diànhuà hàomǎr undergoes the action gàosong. More obvious examples
|
|
|
- are
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他把地圖拿出來了。
|
|
|
- Tā bǎ dìtú náchulai le. He took out the map.
|
|
|
- (MAP UNDERGOES BEING TAKEN OUT)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他把他的車賣了。
|
|
|
- Tā bǎ tāde chē mài le. He sold his car.
|
|
|
- (CAR UNDERGOES BEING SOLD)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他把那個中國字寫在黑板上了。
|
|
|
- Tā bǎ nèige Zhōngguo zì He wrote that Chinese character on
|
|
|
- xiě zai hēibǎnshang le. the chalkboard.
|
|
|
- (CHINESE CHARACTER UNDERGOES BEING
|
|
|
- WRITTEN ON THE BOARD)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-UNDERGOER OF THE ACTION means that the object is influenced by the action
|
|
|
-in some way. In “I saw Mr. Wáng yesterday,” Mr. Wáng is not considered
|
|
|
-to be the undergoer of the action.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(2) The verb must be an action verb (such as gàosong in exchange 4).
|
|
|
-Bǎ is not used with state and process verbs. For example, you may not use
|
|
|
-bǎ with yǒu, zhīdao, xǐhuan, ài, xiǎng, huì, or dǒng.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(3) The object of bǎ must refer to something specific (such as
|
|
|
-nínde diànhuà hàomǎr in exchange 4): which telephone number? your telephone
|
|
|
-number (The questioner knows which number he is referring to, even though
|
|
|
-he does not know what the number is.) Often the object of bǎ must be
|
|
|
-translated into English with the definite article “the”:
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 請你把花瓶給我。
|
|
|
- Qǐng ni bǎ huāpíng gěi wo. Please give me the vase. (NOT “a vase”)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[215]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他把兩張票給我了。
|
|
|
- Tā bǎ liǎngzhāng piào gěi He gave me the two tickets. (NOT
|
|
|
- wo le. “[any] two tickets”)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(4) The verb phrase must be complex. Here are examples of the
|
|
|
-ways in which a verb phrase can be made complex so that bā may be used:
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(ASPECT MARKER)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他把他的車子賣了。
|
|
|
- Tā bǎ tāde chēzi mài le. He sold his car.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(REDUPLICATED VERB)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 請你把票換換。
|
|
|
- Qǐng ni bǎ piào huànhuan. Please exchange the tickets.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(COMPOUND VERB)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他把我的地址寫下來了。
|
|
|
- Tā bǎ wǒde dìzhǐ xiěxialai le He wrote down my address.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你把行李拿上車去吧。
|
|
|
- Nǐ bǎ xíngli náshang chē Take the baggage onto the train.
|
|
|
- qu ba.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我們把昨天已經把這件事説好了。
|
|
|
- Wǒmen zuótiān yǐjīng bǎ We agreed on this matter yesterday.
|
|
|
- zhèijiàn shì shuōhǎo le.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我先把這個寫完再走。
|
|
|
- Wǒ xiān bǎ zhèige xiěwān I will finish writing this first
|
|
|
- zài zǒu. and then leave.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你把我的名字寫錯了。
|
|
|
- Nǐ bǎ wǒde míngzi xiěcuò You wrote my name wrong.
|
|
|
- le.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(MANNER EXPRESSION AFTER THE VERB)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你把這個字寫得太大了。
|
|
|
- Nǐ bǎ zhèige zì xiěde tài You wrote this character too large.
|
|
|
- dà le.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他把這件事事説得很清楚。
|
|
|
- Tā bǎ zhèijiàn shì shuōde He talked very clearly about this.
|
|
|
- hěn qīngchu.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(PREPOSITIONAL VERB PHRASE AFTER THE VERB)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 把啤酒放在桌子上，
|
|
|
- bǎ píjiǔ fàng zai zhuōzishang. Put the beer on the table.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我把車停在那邊等您、
|
|
|
- Wǒ bǎ chē tíng zai nèibian I will park the car over there and
|
|
|
- děng nín. wait for you.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(INDIRECT OBJECT AFTER THE VERB)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 李先生把字典給學生了。
|
|
|
- Lǐ Xiānsheng bǎ zìdiǎn Mr. Lǐ has given the dictionaries
|
|
|
- gěi xuésheng le. to the students.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(NUMBER PLUS COUNTER AFTER THE VERB)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 請你再把他的電話號碼兒念一次。
|
|
|
- Qǐng ni zài bǎ tāde diànhuà Please read his telephone number
|
|
|
- hàomār niàn yícì. aloud once more.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 請你把這個看一下。
|
|
|
- Qǐng ni bǎ zhèige kàn Please take a look at this. (OR
|
|
|
- yixia. “Please read this over.”)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-In the first sentence of exchange 4, the verb phrase is made complex by
|
|
|
-having an indirect object after the verb: bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong
|
|
|
-wǒ。
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-b. When MUST bǎ be used?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-The examples above which require the use of bǎ are those with a
|
|
|
-prepositional verb phrase after the verb, those with a manner expression
|
|
|
-after the verb, and most of the sentences under the heading “Compound Verb.”
|
|
|
-In these examples, the object may not be placed between the verb and the
|
|
|
-element which follows.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[216]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-c. When can’t bǎ be used?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Bǎ cannot normally be used in a sentence if the verb is not an
|
|
|
-action verb, if the verb describes perception (like kànjian and tīngjian),
|
|
|
-if the object is not the undergoer of the action, if the object is indefinite
|
|
|
-or if the verb is a simple verb. Here are some examples of sentences in
|
|
|
-which bǎ cannot be used:
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我買了一個收音機。
|
|
|
- Wǒ mǎile yíge shōuyīnjī. I bought a radio.
|
|
|
- (INDEFINITE OBJECT)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我看見他了。
|
|
|
- Wǒ kànjian ta le. I saw him.
|
|
|
- (PERCEPTION VERB [kànjian]; OBJECT
|
|
|
- DOES NOT UNDERGO ACTION)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我想看這本書。
|
|
|
- Wǒ xiǎng kàn zhèiběn shū. I would like to read this book.
|
|
|
- (SIMPLE VERB)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我有很多外國朋友。
|
|
|
- Wǒ yǒu hěn duō wàiguo I have a lot of foreign friends.
|
|
|
- péngyou. (yǒu NOT ACTION VERB)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我知道這件事。
|
|
|
- Wǒ zhīdao zhèijiàn shì. I know of this matter.
|
|
|
- (zhīdao NOT ACTION VERB)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-d. What is the motivation for using bǎ?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Bǎ is used when the verb phrase gives more new important information
|
|
|
-than the object does. The Chinese prefer to place that important verb
|
|
|
-phrase in final position in a sentence, where the phrase will be prominent.
|
|
|
-Bǎ performs the function of taking the object out of the way (to the begin-
|
|
|
-ning of a sentence) and allowing the verb phrase to have its full impact.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-e. To make a bǎ sentence negative, place the negative adverb in front
|
|
|
-of bǎ (NOT in front of the main verb).
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他沒把桌子搬出去。
|
|
|
- Tā méi bǎ zhuōzi bānchuqu. He did not move the table out.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你不把肉放在冰箱裏怎麽行。
|
|
|
- Nǐ bù bǎ ròu* fàng zai How can it do for you not to put
|
|
|
- bīngxiāngli zěnme xíng? the meat in the refrigerator?
|
|
|
- (How can you not put the meat in
|
|
|
- the refrigerator?)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-*ròu, “meat”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 對不起。你剛才給我打電話，我不在。
|
|
|
-5. C: Duìbuqǐ, nǐ gāngcái gěi wo I’m sorry. When you called me just
|
|
|
- dǎ diànhuà, wǒ bú zài. now, I wasn’t in.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你有事嗎？
|
|
|
- C: Nǐ yǒu shì ma? Can I help you with something?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 是啊！我那天跟您約好了明天十點到
|
|
|
- 您辦公室去談談。
|
|
|
- A: Shì a! Wǒ nèitiān gēn nín Yes, you can. The other day I made
|
|
|
- yuēhǎole míngtiān shídiǎn an appointment with you to go to
|
|
|
- dào nín bàngōngshì qu tántan. your office at ten o’clock tomorrow
|
|
|
- for a talk.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[217]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 5
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Gāngcái means “just now,” “a short time ago.” It may, like other time
|
|
|
-words, either precede or follow the subject of a sentence.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他剛才給我打電話了。
|
|
|
- Tā gāngcái gěi wo dǎ diànhuà He called me a short time ago.
|
|
|
- le.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 剛才他給我打電話了。
|
|
|
- Gāngcái tā gěi wo dǎ diànhuà
|
|
|
- le.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-The one-syllable adverb gāng, “just,” always follows the subject of a
|
|
|
-sentence.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他剛給我打電話。
|
|
|
- Tā gāng gěi wo dǎ diànhuà. He just called me.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Nǐ gāngcái gěi wo dǎ diànhuà, wǒ bú zài, literally, “You called me just
|
|
|
-now, I wasn’t in”: To the first clause (Nǐ gāngcái gěi wǒ dǎ diànhuà), you
|
|
|
-could add -de shihou, “when.” Even without -de shihou, the relationship
|
|
|
-between the two clauses is still very close. Colloquially, no pause is
|
|
|
-needed between them. Here is a similar sentence:
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 剛才我去找你，你不在。
|
|
|
- Gāngcái wǒ qù zhǎo ni, nǐ I just went to look for you, but you
|
|
|
- bú zài. weren’t there.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Nèitiān literally means “that day.” It is the Chinese equivalent of
|
|
|
-“the other day.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Yuēhǎo is a compound verb of result: yuē, “to arrange a meeting,” “to
|
|
|
-make an appointment,” plus hǎo, “successfully complete.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Gēn means “with” in the last sentence of exchange 5.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Bàngōngshì: Bàngōng (literally, “manage work”) is frequently used for
|
|
|
-“do work in an office.” A bàngōngshì is a room where office work is done,
|
|
|
-or an “office.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 因爲明天早上我有要緊的事，所以想
|
|
|
- 問您我們能不能改到下午。
|
|
|
-6. A: Yīnwei míngtiān zǎoshang wǒ Because I have an urgent business
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- yǒu yíjiàn yàojǐnde shì, matter tomorrow morning, I want to
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- suóyi xiǎng wèn nín wǒmen ask you whether we can change it
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- néng bu néng gǎi dào xiàwǔ. [the appointment] to the afternoon.
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-
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- 下午什麽時候？
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- C: Xiàwǔ shénme shíhou? What time in the afternoon?
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-
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- 您看下午三四點怎麽樣？對您
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- 方便不方便？
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- A: Nín kàn xiàwǔ sān-sìdiǎn What do you think of three or four
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- zěnmeyàng? Duì nín fāngbian in the afternoon? Is that
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- bu fangbian? convenient for you?
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-
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- 四點比三點好。我三點中得開會。
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- C: Sìdiǎn bǐ sāndiǎn hǎo. Wǒ Four would be better than three. I
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- sāndiǎn zhōng děi kāi huì. have to attend a meeting at three
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- o’clock.
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- 好吧。那明天四點鐘見。
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- A: Hǎo ba. Nà míngtiān sìdiǎn All right. Well then, see you at
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- zhōng jiàn. four o’clock tomorrow.
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-
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- 好，我四點鐘等你。
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- C: Hǎo, wǒ sìdiǎn zhōng děng ni. All right. I’ll wait for you at
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- four o’clock.
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-
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-[218]
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-
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-Notes on No. 6
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-
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-Yàojǐn means “to be urgent,” “to be important.”
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-
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-Yīnwei...suóyi: When the first part of an English sentence begins with
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-the word “because,” it is usually considered redundant to begin the second
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-part with “therefore.” Thus the Chinese word suóyi, “therefore,” in the
|
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-first sentence of exchange 6, is not translated into English. In Chinese,
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-however, suóyi is commonly used after a clause beginning with yīnwei,
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-“because.”
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-
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-The verbs gǎi and huàn are both frequently translated as “to change.”
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-Gǎi means “change” in the sense of “alter,” and huàn means “change” in the
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-sense of “exchange.”
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-
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-Gǎi dào xiàwǔ, “change (it) to the afternoon”: In this phrase, the
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-prepositional verb dào and its object xiàwǔ do not precede the verb; they
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-follow the verb. A dào, “to,” phrase which precedes the main verb in a
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-sentence can be a scene setter, that is, you go “to” a place and the action
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-takes place there. Following the main verb in a sentence, a dào phrase can
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-indicate where something ends up as a result of the action. In the first
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-sentence of exchange 6, the appointment will END UP in the afternoon. Here
|
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-are some examples of dào phrases:
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-
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- 他到菜市場買菜去了。
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- Tā dào càishichǎng mǎi cài He went to the market to buy
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- qu le. groceries. (SCENE SETTER)
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-
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- 我剛才到五樓找陳太太去了。
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- Wǒ gāngcái dào wǔlōu zhǎo Just now I went to the fifth floor
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- Chén Tàitai qu le. to look for Mrs. Chen. (SCENE
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- SETTER)
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- 他跑到山上去了。
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- Tā pǎo dào shānshang qu le. He ran to the top of the mountain.
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- (“He” ENDS UP ON THE MOUNTAINTOP.)
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-
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-
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-
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-7. háishi 還是 still
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-
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-8. wàiguo 外國 foreign, abroad
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-
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-9. wàiguo rén 外國人 foreigner (non-Chinese)
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-
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-10. wūzi (yìjiān) 屋子 (一間) room
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-
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-11. yào 幺 one (telephone pronunciation)
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-
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-
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|
-Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary
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-
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-Háishi means “still” in the sense of “as before.” It is used in some
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-of the same ways that hái is used.
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-
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- 雖然他有時候説話不客氣，可是我還是喜歡他。
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- Suīrán tā yǒu shíhou shuō Although he is sometimes impolite in
|
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- huà bú kèqi, kěshi wǒ his speech, I still like him.
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- háishi xǐhuan ta.
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-
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-[219]
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-
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- 我還是不懂「le」怎麽用。
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- Wǒ háishi bù dǒng “le” zěnme I still don’t understand how le is
|
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- yòng. used.
|
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-
|
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|
-Wàiguo rén, “foreigner”: The use of this term is still generally based
|
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-on race rather than on citizenship. Even Chinese who are American citizens
|
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-living in the United States often refer to non-Chinese Americans as wàiguo
|
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|
-rén.
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-
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|
-Wūzi, “room”: The counter for wūzi is -jiān, which literally means
|
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-”interstice,” “interval,” “space,” “room.”
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-
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-[220]
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-
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|
|
-DRILLS
|
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-
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|
-A. Expansion Drill
|
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-
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|
- 喂，是外交部嗎？ 喂，是外交部嗎？我要找林司長説話。
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|
-1. Speaker: Wài, shi Wàijiāobù ma? You: Wài, shi Wàijiāobù ma? Wǒ yào
|
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|
- zhǎo Lín Sīzhǎng shuō huà.
|
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|
- 林司長 (Hello, is this the Ministry
|
|
|
- (cue) Lín Sīzhǎng of Foreign Affairs? I want
|
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|
- (Hello, is this the to speak with Department
|
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|
- Ministry of Foreign Chief Lín.)
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|
- Affairs?)
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-
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|
- 喂，是美國武官処嗎？ 喂，是美國武官処嗎？我要找魏少校説話。
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|
-2. Wài, shi Měiguo Wǔguānchù ma? Wài, shi Měiguo Wǔguānchù ma? Wǒ
|
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|
- yào zhǎo Wèi Shàoxiào shuō huà.
|
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|
- 魏少校
|
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|
- Wèi Shàoxiào
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-
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-
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|
- 喂，是中國銀行嗎？ 喂，是中國銀行嗎？我要找説話。
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|
-3. Wèi, shi Zhōngguo Yínháng ma? Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínháng ma? Wǒ
|
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|
- yào zhǎo Lín Kēzhǎng shuō huà.
|
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|
- 林科長
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|
- Lín Kēzhǎng
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-
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-
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|
|
- 喂，是北京飯店嗎？ 喂，是北京飯店嗎？我要找鮑爾先生説話。
|
|
|
-4. Wài, shi Běijīng Fàndiàn ma? Wài, shi Běijīng Fàndiàn ma? Wǒ
|
|
|
- yào zhǎo Bāoěr Xiānsheng shuō huà.
|
|
|
- 鮑爾先生
|
|
|
- Bāoěr Xiānsheng
|
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-
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|
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-
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|
|
- 喂，是加拿大大使館嗎？ 喂，是加拿大大使館嗎？我要找李先生説話。
|
|
|
-5. Wài, shi Jiānádà Dàshiguǎn ma? Wài, shi Jiānádà Dàshiguǎn ma? Wǒ
|
|
|
- yào zhǎo Lǐ Xiānsheng shuō huà.
|
|
|
- 李先生
|
|
|
- Lǐ Xiānsheng
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 喂，是美大司嗎？ 喂，是美大司嗎？我要找孟通知説話。
|
|
|
-6. Wài, shi Měidàsī ma? Wài, shi Měidàsī ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo
|
|
|
- Mèng Tóngzhì shuō huà.
|
|
|
- 孟通知
|
|
|
- Mèng Tóngzhì
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 喂，是中國銀行嗎？ 喂，是中國銀行嗎？我要找张楠同志説話。
|
|
|
-7. Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínháng ma? Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínháng ma? Wǒ
|
|
|
- yào zhǎo Zhāngnán Tóngzhì shuō
|
|
|
- huà.
|
|
|
- 张楠同志
|
|
|
- Zhāngnán Tóngzhì
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-B. Expansion Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我給你看看他在不在。 請你等一等，我給你看看他在不在。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā You: Qing ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni
|
|
|
- zài bu zai. kànkan tā zài bu zai.
|
|
|
- (I’ll see whether he (Please wait a moment. I’ll
|
|
|
- is here or not.) see whether he is here or not)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我給你看看他忙不忙。 請你等一等，我給你看看他忙不忙。
|
|
|
-2. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā máng bu Qǐng ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan
|
|
|
- mang. tā máng bu mang.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我給你看看他有功夫沒有。 請你等一等，我給你看看他有功夫沒有。
|
|
|
-3. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā yǒu gōngfu Qǐng ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan
|
|
|
- meiyou. tā yǒu gōngfu meiyou.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我給你看看他來了沒有。 請你等一等，我給你看看他來了沒有。
|
|
|
-4. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā láile Qǐng ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan
|
|
|
- meiyou. tā láile meiyou.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[221]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我給你看看他走了沒有。 請你等一等，我給你看看他走了沒有。
|
|
|
-5. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā zǒule Qǐng ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan
|
|
|
- meiyou. tā zǒule meiyou.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我給你看看他回來了沒有。 請你等一等，我給你看看他回來了沒有。
|
|
|
-6. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā huílaile Qǐng ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan
|
|
|
- meiyou. tā huílaile meiyou.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我給你看看他回去了沒有。 請你等一等，我給你看看他回去了沒有。
|
|
|
-7. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā huíqule Qǐng ni děnyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan
|
|
|
- meiyou. tā huíqule meiyou.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-C. Substitution Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 勞駕，把您的電話號碼兒告诵我。 勞駕，把王先生的電話號碼兒告诵我。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Láojià, bǎ nínde diànhuà You: Láojià, bǎ Wáng Xiānshengde
|
|
|
- hàomǎr gàosong diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wo.
|
|
|
- wǒ. (Please tell me Mr. Wáng’s
|
|
|
- telephone number.)
|
|
|
- 王先生的電話號碼兒
|
|
|
- (cue) Wáng Xiānshengde
|
|
|
- de diànhuà hàomǎr
|
|
|
- (Please tell me his
|
|
|
- telephone number.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 勞駕，把王先生的電話號碼兒告诵我。 勞駕，把他的電話號碼兒
|
|
|
-2. Láojià, bǎ Wáng Xiānshengde Láojià, bǎ tāde diànhuà hàomǎr
|
|
|
- diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ. gàosong wǒ.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他的電話號碼兒
|
|
|
- tāde diànhuà hàomǎr
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 勞駕，把他的告诵我。 勞駕，把他的地址告诵我。
|
|
|
-3. Láojià, bǎ tāde diànhuà hàomǎr Láojià, bǎ tāde dìzhí gàosong wǒ.
|
|
|
- gàosong wǒ.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他的地址
|
|
|
- tāde dìzhí
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 勞駕，把他的告诵我。 勞駕，把他的辦公室的號碼兒告诵我。
|
|
|
-4. Láojià, bǎ tāde dìzhí gàosong Láojià, bǎ tāde bàngōngshìde hàomǎr
|
|
|
- wǒ. gàosong wǒ.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他的辦公室的號碼兒
|
|
|
- tāde bàngōngshìde hàomǎr
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 勞駕，把他的辦公室的號碼兒告诵我。 勞駕，把他的地址告诵我。
|
|
|
-5. Láojià, bǎ tāde bàngōngshìde Láojià, bǎ tāde dìzhí gàosong wǒ.
|
|
|
- hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他的地址
|
|
|
- tāde dìzhí
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 勞駕，把他的 勞駕，把您的電話號碼兒告诵我。
|
|
|
-6. Láojià, bǎ tāde dìzhí gàosong Láojià, bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr
|
|
|
- wǒ. gàosong wǒ.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 您的電話號碼兒
|
|
|
- nínde diànhuà hàomǎr
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 勞駕，把您的電話號碼兒告诵我。
|
|
|
-7. Láojià, bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr
|
|
|
- gàosong wǒ.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[222]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-D. Response Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你寫下來了嗎？ 我還沒寫下來。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Nǐ xiěxiàlái le ma? You: Wǒ hái méi xiěxiàlái.
|
|
|
- (I haven’t written it down
|
|
|
- (cue) not yet yet.)
|
|
|
- (Have yǒu written it
|
|
|
- down?)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你寫好了嗎？ 我快寫好了。
|
|
|
-2. Nǐ xiěhǎo le ma? soon will Wǒ kuài xiěhǎo le.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你寫下來了嗎？ 我已經寫下來了。
|
|
|
-3. Nǐ xiěxiàlái le ma? already Wǒ yǐjīng xiěxiàlái le
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你寫下來了嗎？ 我還沒寫下來了。
|
|
|
-4. Nǐ xiěxiàlái le ma? not yet Wǒ hái méi xiěxiàlái.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你寫下來了嗎？ 我沒寫下來。
|
|
|
-5. Nǐ xiěxiàlái le ma? did not Wǒ méi xiěxiàlái.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你寫好了嗎？ 我已經寫好了。
|
|
|
-6. Nǐ xiěhǎo le ma? already Wǒ yǐjīng xiěhǎo le.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你寫下來了嗎？ 我寫下來了。
|
|
|
-7. Nǐ xiěxiàlái le ma? Yes, I did Wǒ xiěxiàlái le.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-E. Response Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你跟他約好了 跟他約好了，在他辦公室見。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Nǐ gēn tā yuēhǎo le ma? You: Gēn tā yuēhǎo le, zài tā
|
|
|
- bàngōngshì jiàn.
|
|
|
- (I made arrangements with him
|
|
|
- (cue) tā bàngōngshì to meet at his office.)
|
|
|
- (Did yǒu make
|
|
|
- arrangements with him?)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你跟王先生約好了嗎？ 跟王先生約好了在火車站見。
|
|
|
-2. Nǐ gēn Wáng Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le Gēn Wáng Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le, zài
|
|
|
- ma? huǒchēzhàn jiàn.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 火車站
|
|
|
- huǒchēzhàn
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你跟李女士約好了嗎？ 跟李女士約好了在我的辦公室見。
|
|
|
-3. Nǐ gēn Lǐ Nǚshì yuēhǎo le ma? Gēn Lǐ Nǘshì yuēhǎo le, zài wǒde
|
|
|
- bàngōngshì jiàn.
|
|
|
- 我的辦公室
|
|
|
- wǒde bàngōngshì
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你跟劉主任約好了嗎？ 跟劉主任約好了在外交部見。
|
|
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-4. Nǐ gēn Liú Zhǔrēn yuēhǎo le ma? Gēn Liú Zhǔrèn yuēhǎo le, zài
|
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- Wàijiāobù jiàn.
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- 外交部
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- Wàijiāobù
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-
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- 你跟鮑教授約好了嗎？ 跟鮑教授約好了在學校見。
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-5. Nǐ gēn Bāo Jiàoshòu yuēhǎo le ma? Gēn Bāo Jiàoshòu yuēhǎo le, zài
|
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- xuéxiào jiàn.
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- 學校
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- xuéxiào
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-
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- 你跟白科長約好了嗎？ 跟白科長約好了在他的辦公室見。
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-6. Nǐ gēn Bái Kēzhǎng yuēhǎo le ma? Gēn Bái Kēzhǎng yuēhǎo le, zài
|
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- tāde bàngōngshì jiàn.
|
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- 他的辦公室
|
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- tāde bàngōngshì
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-
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- 你跟楊先生約好了嗎？ 跟楊先生約好了在會客室見。
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-7. Nǐ gēn Yáng Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le Gēn Yáng Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le, zài
|
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- ma? huìkèshì jiàn.
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-
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- 會客室
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- huìkèshì
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-
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-
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-[223]
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-
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-F. Substitution Drill
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-
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-You will need the word zhǔrèn, “director,” in this exercise.
|
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-
|
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- 因爲上午我們有要緊的事，
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- 所以改到下午了。 因爲上午林主任不能來，所以改到下午了。
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|
-1. Speaker: Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒmen You: Yīnwei shàngwǔ Lín Zhǔrèn bù
|
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- yǒu yàojǐnde shì, néng lái, suóyi gāidào
|
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- suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ xiàwǔ le.
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- le. (Because Director Lín cannot
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- come in the morning, we will
|
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- 林主任不能來 have to change to the
|
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- (cue) Lín Zhǔrèn bù afternoon.)
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- néng lái
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- (Because we have some
|
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|
- important business
|
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- in the morning, we
|
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|
- will have to change
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|
- to the afternoon.)
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-
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- 因爲上午林主任不能來，所以改到下午了。 因爲上午他在外交部開會，所以改到下午了。
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-2. Yīnwei shàngwǔ Lín Zhǔrèn bù Yīnwei shàngwǔ tā zài Wàijiāobù
|
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- néng lái, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ kāi huì, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.
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- le.
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-
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- 他在外交部開會
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- tā zài Wàijiāobù kāi huì
|
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-
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|
- 因爲上午他在外交部開會，所以改到下午了。 因爲上午我得教書，所以改到下午了。
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|
-3. Yīnwei shàngwǔ tā zài Wàijiāobù Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi jiāo shū,
|
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- kāi huì, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.
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- le.
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-
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- 我得教書
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- wǒ děi jiāo shū
|
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|
-
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- 因爲上午我得教書，所以改到下午了。 因爲上午我得到大使館去，所以改到下午了。
|
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|
-4. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi jiāo shū, Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi dào Dàshiguān
|
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- suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le. qù, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.
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-
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- 我得到大使館去
|
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- wǒ děi dào Dàshiguān qù
|
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-
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- 因爲上午我得到大使館去，所以改到下午了。 因爲上午我得跟伍先生當面談談，所以改到下午了。
|
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|
-5. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi dào Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi gēn Wǔ
|
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|
- Dàshiguān qù, suóyi gǎidào Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan, suóyi
|
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- xiàwǔ le. gǎidào xiàwǔ le.
|
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-
|
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|
- 我得跟伍先生當面談談
|
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|
- wǒ děi gēn Wǔ Xiānsheng dāngmiàn
|
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- tántan
|
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-
|
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|
- 因爲上午我得跟伍先生當面談談，
|
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|
- 所以改到下午了。 因爲上午我沒工夫，所以改到下午了。
|
|
|
-6. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi gēn Wǔ Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ méi gōngfu, suóyi
|
|
|
- Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan, gǎidào xiàwǔ le.
|
|
|
- suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我沒工夫
|
|
|
- wǒ méi gōngfu
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 因爲上午我沒工夫，所以改到下午了。
|
|
|
-7. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ méi gōngfu,
|
|
|
- suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.
|
|
|
-
|
|
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-
|
|
|
-[224]
|
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-
|
|
|
-G. Substitution Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 下午三四點怎麽樣？ 他怎麽樣？
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Xiàwǔ sān-sìdiǎn You: Tā zěnmeyàng?
|
|
|
- zěnmeyàng? (How is he? [How about him?])
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他
|
|
|
- (cue) tā
|
|
|
- (How is [How about]
|
|
|
- three or four in the
|
|
|
- afternoon?)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他怎麽樣？ 臺灣怎麽樣？
|
|
|
-2. Tā zěnmeyàng? Táiwān zěnmeyàng?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 臺灣
|
|
|
- Táiwān
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 臺灣怎麽樣？ 臺灣經濟怎麽樣？
|
|
|
-3. Táiwān zěnmeyàng? Táiwānde jīngji zěnmeyàng?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 臺灣經濟
|
|
|
- Táiwānde jīngji
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 臺灣經濟怎麽樣？ 那個飯店怎麽樣？
|
|
|
-4. Táiwānde jīngji zěnmeyàng? Nèige fàndiàn zěnmeyàng?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那個飯店
|
|
|
- nèige fàndiàn
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那個飯店怎麽樣？ 這個學校怎麽樣？
|
|
|
-5. Nèige fàndiàn zěnmeyàng? Zhèige xuéxiào zěnmeyàng?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這個學校
|
|
|
- zhèige xuéxiào
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這個學校怎麽樣？ 他們賣的電視怎麽樣？
|
|
|
-6. Zhèige xuéxiào zěnmeyàng? Tāmen màide diànshì zěnmeyàng?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他們賣的電視
|
|
|
- tāmen màide diànshì
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他們賣的電視怎麽樣？
|
|
|
-7. Tāmen màide diànshì zěnmeyàng?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-H. Transformation Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他們明天開會。 他們明天什麽時候開會。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Tāmen míngtiān kāi huì. You: Tāmen míngtiān shénme shíhou
|
|
|
- (cue) when kāi huì?
|
|
|
- (They are meeting (When are they meeting
|
|
|
- tomorrow.) tomorrow?)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他們明天開會。 他們明天在哪兒開會？
|
|
|
-2. Tāmen míngtiān kāi huì. Tāmen míngtiān zài nǎr kāi huì?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- where
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他們昨天開會了。 他們昨天是什麽時候開的會？
|
|
|
-3. Tāmen zuótiān kāi huì le. Tāmen zuótiān shi shénme shíhou
|
|
|
- kāide huì?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- when
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他們昨天開會了。 他們昨天是在哪兒開的會。
|
|
|
-4. Tāmen zuótiān kāi huì le. Tāmen zuótiān shi zài nǎr kāide huì?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- where
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他們明天開會。 他們明天開會開幾個鐘頭？
|
|
|
-5. Tāmen míngtiān kāi huì. Tāmen míntiān kāi huì kāi jǐge
|
|
|
- zhōngtóu?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- how many hours
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他們昨天開會了。 他們昨天開會開了多久？
|
|
|
-6. Tāmen zuótiān kāi huì le. Tāmen zuótiān kāi huì kāile duó jiǔ?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- how long
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他已經開會了嗎？ 他已經開會了。
|
|
|
-7. Tāmen yǐjīng kāi huì le ma? Tāmen yǐjīng kāi huì le.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- yes
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[225]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-UNIT 6
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-REFERENCE LIST
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(in Taipei)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 今天我們一起去吃中飯，號碼？
|
|
|
-1. B: Jīntiān wǒmen yìqǐ qù chī Let’s go have lunch together today.
|
|
|
- zhōngfàn, hǎo ma? Okay?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 好啊。到東門餐廳去吃吧。
|
|
|
- A: Hǎo a, dào Dōngmén Cānting All right. Why don’t we go to the
|
|
|
- qù chī ba. East Gate Restaurant?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 東門的菜沒有大華的菜那麽好吧。
|
|
|
-2. B: Dōngménde cài kǒngpà I’m afraid that the food at the
|
|
|
- méiyou Dàhuáde cài nàme East Gate isn’t as good as the
|
|
|
- hǎo ba. food at the Great China.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 雖然不太好，可是離我們這裏近。
|
|
|
- A: Suírán bú tài hǎo, kěshi Even though it [East Gate] is not
|
|
|
- lí wǒmen zhèli jìn. too good, it is close to us.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 哦，還有一個新開的飯館子離我們這裏更近。
|
|
|
-3. B: Òu, hái yǒu yíge xīn kāide Oh, there is also a newly opened
|
|
|
- fànguǎnzi lí wǒmen zhèli restaurant that is even closer to
|
|
|
- gèng jin. us.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他們那裏的菜非常好。
|
|
|
- B: Tāmen nàlide cài fēicháng The food there is extremely
|
|
|
- hǎo. good.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 今天我請你到那裏去吃。
|
|
|
- B: Jīntiān wǒ qǐng ni dào nàli Today I am going to invite you to
|
|
|
- qù chī. go there to eat.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那不好意思！
|
|
|
-4. A: Nà bù hǎo yìsi! I can’t let you do that!
|
|
|
- (That would be too embarrassing!)
|
|
|
- 別客氣，沒什麽。那個地方的菜又好又便宜。
|
|
|
- B: Bié kèqi, méi shenme. Don’t be polite. It’s nothing.
|
|
|
- Nèige dìfangde cài yòu The food there is both good and
|
|
|
- hǎo yòu piányi. cheap.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你説的地方一定好。
|
|
|
-5. A: Nǐ shuōde dìfang yídìng Any place you suggest is sure to
|
|
|
- hǎo. be good.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他們那裏有好些菜別的地方吃不着。
|
|
|
- B: Tāmen nàli yǒu hǎoxiē cài They have a good many dishes there
|
|
|
- biéde dìfang chībuzháo. that you can’t find (at) other
|
|
|
- places.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
|
|
|
-(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-6. bù yídìng 不一定 not necessarily; it’s not definite
|
|
|
-7. kànfa 看法 opinion, view
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[226]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-8. wǎnfàn 晚飯 supper, dinner
|
|
|
-9. xiǎngfa 想法 idea, opinion
|
|
|
-10. yìxiē 一些 some, several, a few
|
|
|
-11. zǎofàn 早飯 breakfast
|
|
|
-12. zuòfa 做法 way of doing things, method, practice
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Modern apartments in Shanghai
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[227]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-VOCABULARY
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-biéde 別的 other, different
|
|
|
-bù hǎo yìsi 不好意思 to be embarrassing; to feel embarrassed
|
|
|
-bù yídìng 不一定 not necessarily; it’s not definite
|
|
|
-cài 菜 food, cooked dish
|
|
|
-cāntīng 餐廳 dining room; restaurant
|
|
|
-chībuzháo 吃不找 can’t find (to eat)
|
|
|
-Dàahuá Cāntīng 大華餐廳 Great China Restaurant
|
|
|
-Dōngmén Cāntīng 東門餐廳 East Gate Restaurant
|
|
|
-fēicháng 非常 very, extremely, highly
|
|
|
-gèng 更 even more
|
|
|
-hǎoxiē 好些 a good many, a lot
|
|
|
-kànfa 看法 opinion, view
|
|
|
-méiyou...nàme/zhème 沒有...那麽/怎麽 is not as...as...
|
|
|
-suírǎn (suīrán)...kěshi... 雖然...可是... although, even though...(still)...
|
|
|
-wǎnfàn 晚飯 supper, dinner
|
|
|
-xiǎngfa 想法 idea, opinion
|
|
|
-yídìng 一定 certainly
|
|
|
-yìxiē 一些 some, several, a few
|
|
|
-yòu...yòu... 又...又... both...and...
|
|
|
-zǎofǎn 早飯 breakfast
|
|
|
-zhōngfàn 中飯 lunch
|
|
|
-zuòfa 做法 way of doing things, method, practice
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(introduced on C-2 tape)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-ānpaíhǎo le 安排好了 successfully arranged
|
|
|
--bù 部 (counter for cars and buses)
|
|
|
-chūfā 出發 to start a journey
|
|
|
-jiāoqū 郊區 suburbs
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[228]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-lǎoshi 老是 always, all the time
|
|
|
-lián...(yě) 連...也 even...(also)
|
|
|
-Shísānlíng 十三陵 Ming Tombs (literally, “Thirteen Tombs”)
|
|
|
-yěcān 野餐 picnic
|
|
|
-yǒu míng 又名 to be famous
|
|
|
-Yúyuán 渝園 Szechuan Garden
|
|
|
-zhāodài 招待 to be hospitable to
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[229]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-REFERENCE NOTES
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 今天我們一起去吃中飯，號碼？
|
|
|
-1. B: Jīntiān wǒmen yìqǐ qù chī Let’s go have lunch together today.
|
|
|
- zhōngfàn, hǎo ma? Okay?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 好啊。到東門餐廳去吃吧。
|
|
|
- A: Hǎo a, dào Dōngmén Cānting All right. Why don’t we go to the
|
|
|
- qù chī ba. East Gate Restaurant?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Note on No. 1
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Zhōngfàn means, literally, “middle meal.” “Breakfast” is zǎofàn, “early
|
|
|
-meal.” “Supper” is wǎnfàn, “late meal.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 東門的菜沒有大華的菜那麽好吧。
|
|
|
-2. B: Dōngménde cài kǒngpà I’m afraid that the food at the
|
|
|
- méiyou Dàhuáde cài nàme East Gate isn’t as good as the
|
|
|
- hǎo ba. food at the Great China.
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-
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|
- 雖然不太好，可是離我們這裏近。
|
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|
- A: Suírán bú tài hǎo, kěshi Even though it [East Gate] is not
|
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|
- lí wǒmen zhèli jìn. too good, it is close to us.
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-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 2
|
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-
|
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|
-Cài, “(nonstaple) food,” “dish,” “course (of a meal)”: Literally, cài
|
|
|
-means “vegetables.” It refers to any dish that is eaten with rice. Both
|
|
|
-meat and vegetable dishes are included in the meaning.
|
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|
-
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-The pattern ...(méi)you...nàme... is used to make comparisons when
|
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|
-one thing is LESS than another.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- STATE VERB (OFTEN
|
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- 1 + měiyou + 2 + nàme/zhème + ADJECTIVAL VERB)
|
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|
- --------------------------------------------------
|
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-
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|
- 他 沒有 你 那麽 忙。
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- Tā méiyou nǐ nàme máng.
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-
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- 我 沒有 他 那麽 聰明。
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- Wǒ méiyou tā nàme cōngming.
|
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-
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- 他 沒有 我 那麽 有錢。
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- Tā méiyou wǒ nàme yǒu qián.
|
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-
|
|
|
-Used less frequently without the negative méi-, the pattern means “to be as
|
|
|
-[quality] AS [something else].”
|
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-
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|
- 你的書沒有我的書那麽多。
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|
- Nǐde shū méiyǒu wǒde shū Your books are not as many as mine,
|
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|
- nàme duō. (You don’t have as many books as
|
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|
- I do.)
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|
- 有
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|
- Yǒu. Yes, they are. (Yes, I do have as
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|
- many books as you do.)
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- 那個學校的圖書館有這個學校的怎麽好嗎？
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|
- Nèige xuéxiàode túshūguǎn yǒu Is that school’s library as good as
|
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|
- zhèige xuéxiàode zhème hǎo this one’s?
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|
- ma?
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-
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|
-[230]
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-
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|
-Suírán.. .kěshi... : Suírán (or suīrán), “although,” must always be
|
|
|
-followed by kěshi or dànshi, meaning “but,” in the second part of a sentence.
|
|
|
-Kěshi/dànshi would not usually be translated into English, but sometimes the
|
|
|
-word “still” is included in the translation: “Although it’s not too good,
|
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|
-still it’s close to us.” Suírán may either precede the subject or be placed
|
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|
-between the subject and the verb of a sentence.
|
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|
-
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|
- 雖然她喜歡旅行，可是她沒去過中國。
|
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|
- Suīrán tā xǐhuan lǚxíng, kěshi Although she likes to travel, she
|
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|
- tā méi qùguo Zhōngguó. has never been to China.
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|
-
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|
- 他雖然講了好幾次，可是我還是不懂，
|
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|
- Tā suīrán jiǎngle hǎojīcì, Although he explained it many times
|
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|
- kěshi wǒ háishi bù dǒng. I still didn’t understand.
|
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|
-
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|
- 我雖然沒看見過，可是聽人説過。
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|
- Wǒ suīrán méi kànjianguo, Although I have never seen it, I
|
|
|
- kěshi tīng rén shuōguo. have heard of it.
|
|
|
-
|
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|
-
|
|
|
-
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|
- 哦，還有一個新開的飯館子離我們這裏更近。
|
|
|
-3. B: Òu, hái yǒu yíge xīn kāide Oh, there is also a newly opened
|
|
|
- fànguǎnzi lí wǒmen zhèli restaurant that is even closer to
|
|
|
- gèng jin. us.
|
|
|
-
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|
|
- 他們那裏的菜非常好。
|
|
|
- B: Tāmen nàlide cài fēicháng The food there is extremely
|
|
|
- hǎo. good.
|
|
|
-
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|
|
- 今天我請你到那裏去吃。
|
|
|
- B: Jīntiān wǒ qǐng ni dào nàli Today I am going to invite you to
|
|
|
- qù chī. go there to eat.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on Wo. 3
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Xīn kāide: The adjectival verb xīn, “new,” means “newly,” “recently”
|
|
|
-when used as an adverb.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Gèng, “more,” “even more,” “still more”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 在領事館工作的人比大使館更多。
|
|
|
- Zài lǐngshiguǎn gōngzuòde rén More people work at the consulates
|
|
|
- bǐ dàshiguǎn gèng duō. than at the embassy.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 綠蘋果很貴，紅蘋果更貴。
|
|
|
- Lǜ píngguǒ hěn guì, hóng Green apples are expensive; red
|
|
|
- píngguǒ gèng guì. apples are even more expensive.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 張霆鋒説的中國話，中國人很難聽得懂，
|
|
|
- 外國人一定更難。
|
|
|
- Zhāng Tíngfēng shuōde Zhōngguo Zhāng Tíng Fēng’s Chinese is hard
|
|
|
- huà, Zhōngguo rén hěn nán for Chinese people to understand;
|
|
|
- tīngdedǒng, wàiguo rén for a foreigner, it would
|
|
|
- yídìng gèng nán. certainly be even harder.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-An overview of comparison: you have now learned several ways to compare
|
|
|
-things. The patterns presented here are the most common ones. Each pattern
|
|
|
-has a standard purpose:
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(MORE)
|
|
|
- 比
|
|
|
-...bǐ... (STATE VERB)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[231]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(LESS)
|
|
|
- 沒有 那麽
|
|
|
-...méiyou...nàme (STATE VERB)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(EQUAL)
|
|
|
- 跟 一樣
|
|
|
-...gēn...yíyang (STATE VERB)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-A simple adjectival verb may also be used to make a comparison:
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-這兩本，哪本貴？
|
|
|
-Zhèi liǎngběn, něiběn guì? Which of these two books is more
|
|
|
- expensive?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-For each of the three patterns above (MORE—LESS—EQUAL), the comparison is
|
|
|
-made with a STATE verb. State verbs include adjectival verbs (hǎo, “to be
|
|
|
-good”), auxiliary verbs (huì, “to know how to,” “can”), and verbs describing
|
|
|
-mental attitudes or situations (zhīdao, “to know”; xǐhuan, “to like”; ài,
|
|
|
-“to love”).
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他比我愛中國飯。
|
|
|
- Tā bǐ wǒ ài chī Zhōngguo fàn. He loves to eat Chinese food more
|
|
|
- than I.
|
|
|
- 這件事情，你比他知道。
|
|
|
- Zhèijiàn shìqing, nǐ bǐ tā You know more about this than he does.
|
|
|
- zhīdao.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他沒有我怎麽喜歡看電影。
|
|
|
- Tā méiyou wǒ zhème xǐhuan He doesn’t like to see movies as
|
|
|
- kàn diànyǐng. much as I do.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Although the verb phrase begins with a state verb, that may not be the
|
|
|
-only word in the comparison. It may be expanded to include other verbs (any
|
|
|
-type) and objects.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-The things being compared may also be expanded. Whole sentences may be
|
|
|
-placed in the slots for things compared:
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 坐火車沒有坐飛機那麽快。
|
|
|
- Zuò huǒchē méiyou zuò fēijī Going by train is not as fast as
|
|
|
- nàme kuài. going by plane.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我學中文比他學歷史容易。
|
|
|
- Wǒ xué Zhōngwén bǐ tā xué It’s easier for him, studying history,
|
|
|
- lìshǐ róngyi. than it is for me, studying Chinese.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Although the prepositional verb bǐ is used to say that one thing is
|
|
|
-“more” than another, do not use the negative of this pattern to say that
|
|
|
-something is “less.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他比他哥哥能説話。
|
|
|
- Tā bǐ tā gēge néng shuō huà. He is a better talker (smoother
|
|
|
- talker) than his older brother.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-This pattern may also be expanded to indicate just HOW MUCH more one thing
|
|
|
-is than another. (Place the amount after the verb in a sentence.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這本比那本貴三塊錢。
|
|
|
- Zhèiběn bǐ nèiben guì sānkuài This book is three dollars more
|
|
|
- qián. expensive than that one.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我比他大兩嵗。
|
|
|
- Wǒ bǐ tā dà liǎngsuì. I am two years older than she is.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Another way to indicate how much more is to add -de duō, “a lot,” to an
|
|
|
-adjectival verb.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這個比那個好看得多。
|
|
|
- Zhèige bǐ něige hǎokànde duō! This is much better looking than
|
|
|
- that!
|
|
|
-[232]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Use the pattern ...méiyou...nàme + state verb to say that one thing is
|
|
|
-less than another.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我的字沒有他的那麽好看。
|
|
|
- Wǒde zì méiyou tāde nàme My characters don’t look as good as
|
|
|
- hǎokàn. his.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 她想買的房子沒有這個房子近。
|
|
|
- Tā xiǎng mǎide fángzi méiyou The house she wants to buy isn’t as
|
|
|
- zhèige fángzi jìn. close as this one.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-The affirmative pattern ...yǒu...nàme + state verb is ambiguous: it says
|
|
|
-that one item is AT LEAST AS expensive as another item which is either
|
|
|
-equally expensive or less expensive. This pattern is not as common as
|
|
|
-...méiyou...name + state verb.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-The adverbs gèng, “even more,” and zuì, “most,” are easily used to
|
|
|
-compare more than two things. (Place these adverbs before the verb in a
|
|
|
-sentence.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這兩本很貴，可是那本更貴。
|
|
|
- Zhèi liǎngběn hěn guì, kěshi These two books are very expensive,
|
|
|
- nèiběn gèng guì. but that one is even more expensive.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 第一本比第二本貴，可是第三本最貴。
|
|
|
- Dìyīběn bǐ dìèrběn guì, kěshi The first book is more expensive than
|
|
|
- dìsānběn zuì guì. that one, but the third one is the
|
|
|
- most expensive.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-If the entire sentence involves a comparison of the three books, the speaker
|
|
|
-may single out the most expensive book with zuì, or sometimes without it.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這三本書，哪本貴？
|
|
|
- Zhèi sānběn shū, něiběn guì? Of these three books, which is the
|
|
|
- (most) expensive one?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這本最貴。
|
|
|
- Zhèiběn zuì guì. This one is the most expensive.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那不好意思！
|
|
|
-4. A: Nà bù hǎo yìsi! I can’t let you do that!
|
|
|
- (That would be too embarrassing!)
|
|
|
- 別客氣，沒什麽。那個地方的菜又好又便宜。
|
|
|
- B: Bié kèqi, méi shenme. Don’t be polite. It’s nothing.
|
|
|
- Nèige dìfangde cài yòu The food there is both good and
|
|
|
- hǎo yòu piányi. cheap.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 4
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Bù hǎo yìsi is an idiomatic phrase meaning “to be embarrassing.” In
|
|
|
-Chinese culture, treating someone to a meal both shows your respect for him
|
|
|
-and maintains your status as a generous host. In exchange 4, Nà bù hǎo yìsi
|
|
|
-means “I’m embarrassed to have you show me so much respect,” or “I’m
|
|
|
-embarrassed to appear to be too cheap to treat you.” Bù hǎo yìsi also means
|
|
|
-“to feel embarrassed.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Yòu...yòu..., “both...and..The element following each you may be as
|
|
|
-simple as an adjectival verb or as complex as a full verb phrase.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他孩子又會説英文，又會說中國話。
|
|
|
- Tā háizi yòu huì shuō Yīngwén, His child can speak both English and
|
|
|
- yòu huì shuō Zhōngguō huà. Chinese.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[233]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你説的地方一定好。
|
|
|
-5. A: Nǐ shuōde dìfang yídìng Any place you suggest is sure to
|
|
|
- hǎo. be good.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他們那裏有好些菜別的地方吃不着。
|
|
|
- B: Tāmen nàli yǒu hǎoxiē cài They have a good many dishes there
|
|
|
- biéde dìfang chībuzháo. that you can’t find (at) other
|
|
|
- places.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 5
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Yídìng, “certainly,” can act as either an adverb or an adjectival verb.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- (ADVERB)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他一定來。
|
|
|
- Tā yídìng lái. He will definitely come.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我不一定去。
|
|
|
- Wǒ bù yídìng qù. It’s not certain that I will go.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我還不一定去。
|
|
|
- Wǒ hái bù yídìng qù. It’s not yet certain that I will go
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- (ADJECTIVAL VERB)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你那天去？
|
|
|
- 還不一定。
|
|
|
- Nǐ něitiān qù? On what day are you going there?
|
|
|
- Hái bù yídìng. It’s not certain yet.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那是一定的
|
|
|
- Na shi yídìngde. That’s for sure.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Hǎoxiē means “a good many” or “a lot.” You have seen -xiē, “several,”
|
|
|
-“some,” in zhèixie, “these,” and nèixie, “those.” The element -xiē also
|
|
|
-occurs in yìxiē, “some,” “a few”: Shūjiàzishang hái yòu yìxiē shū,
|
|
|
-(書架子還有一些書) “There are still a few books on the bookcase.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Biéde is the word for “other” in the sense of “a different one.”
|
|
|
-LÌngwài is the word for “other” when you mean “an additional one.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Chībuzháo: In this compound verb of result, the ending -zháo indicates
|
|
|
-success in obtaining something. Here are some examples of compounds ending
|
|
|
-in -zháo:
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我找不着他的電話號碼兒。
|
|
|
- Wǒ zhǎobuzháo tāde diànhuà I cannot find his phone number,
|
|
|
- hàomǎr.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 今天沒買着蘋果。
|
|
|
- Jīntiān méi mǎizháo píngguǒ. I did not succeed in buying apples
|
|
|
- today.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[234]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-6. bù yídìng 不一定 not necessarily; it’s not definite
|
|
|
-7. kànfa 看法 opinion, view
|
|
|
-8. wǎnfàn 晚飯 supper, dinner
|
|
|
-9. xiǎngfa 想法 idea, opinion
|
|
|
-10. yìxiē 一些 some, several, a few
|
|
|
-11. zǎofàn 早飯 breakfast
|
|
|
-12. zuòfa 做法 way of doing things, method, practice
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on Additional Required. Vocabulary
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Kànfa, “opinion,” “view,” may be loosely translated as “way of looking
|
|
|
-at things.” The word is made up of kàn, to look,” and fǎ, “method,” “way.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我們對這件事的看法不一樣。
|
|
|
- Wǒmen duì zhèijiàn shìde Our opinions on this matter are not
|
|
|
- kànfa bù yíyàng. the same.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Xiǎngfa, “idea,” “opinion,” is made up of xiǎng, “to think,” and fǎ,
|
|
|
-“method, “way.” Xiǎngfa is a “way of thinking”The word is actually
|
|
|
-pronounced xiǎngfa.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他的想法跟我的一樣。
|
|
|
- Tāde xiǎngfa gēn wǒde yíyàng. His way of thinking is the same as
|
|
|
- mine.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Zuòfa, “way of doing things,” “method,” “practice,” is made up of the
|
|
|
-verb zuò. “to do,” and fǎ, “method,” “way.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你的目的很好，可是我不喜歡你的做法。
|
|
|
- Nǐde mùdi hěn hǎo, kěshi wǒ Your goal is good, but I don’t like
|
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- bù xīhuan nǐde zuòfa. your methods.
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-
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-
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-[235]
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-
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-DRILLS
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-
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-A. Response Drill
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-
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- 今天我們一起去吃中飯，好嗎？ 好，今天我請你。
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-1. Speaker: Jīntiān wǒmen yìqǐ qù You: Hǎo, jīntiān wǒ qǐng ni.
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- chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma? (All right. Today I’m inviting
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- (Let’s go have lunch you.)
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- together today. Okay?)
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-
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- 今天我請你去吃中飯。 別客氣，我們一起去吃中飯。
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- OR Jīntiān wǒ qǐng ni qù Bié kèqi, wǒmen yìqǐ qù chī
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- chī zhōngfàn. zhōngfàn.
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- (Today I am inviting (Don’t be so polite. Let’s
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- you to go to eat Just go together and split
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- lunch.) the bill.)
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-
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- 明天中午我們一起去吃中飯，好嗎？ 好，明天中午我請你。
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-2. Míngtiān zhōngwǔ wǒmen yìqǐ qù Hǎo, míngtiān zhōngwǔ wǒ qǐng ni.
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- chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?
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-
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- 明天中午我請你去吃中飯。 別客氣，我們一起去吃中飯。
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-3. Míngtiān zhōngwǔ wǒ qǐng ni qù Bié kèqi, wǒmen yìqǐ qù chī
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- chī zhōngfàn. zhōngfàn.
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-
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- 星期五我們一起去吃中飯，好嗎？ 好，星期五我請你。
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-4. Xīngqīwǔ wǒmen yìqǐ qù chī Hǎo, Xīngqīwǔ wǒ qǐng ni.
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- zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?
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-
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- 星期六我請你去吃中飯。 別客氣，我們一起去吃中飯。
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-5. Xīngqīliù wǒ qǐng ni qù chī Bié kèqi, wǒmen yìqǐ qù chī
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- zhōngfàn. zhōngfàn.
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-
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- 明天中午我們一起去吃中飯，好嗎？ 好，明天我請你。
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-6. Míngtiān wǒmen yìqǐ qù chī Hǎo, míngtiān wǒ qǐng ni.
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- zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?
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-
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-
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-B: Transformation Drill
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-
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- 那個肉比這個肉好。 這個肉沒有那個肉那麽好。
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-1. Speaker: Nèige ròu bǐ zhèige You: Zhèige ròu méiyou nèige ròu
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- ròu hǎo. nàme hǎo.
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- (This meat is better (This meat is not as good as
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- than that meat.) that meat.)
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-
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- 新的比舊的好。 舊的沒有新的那麽好。
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-2. Xīnde bǐ jiùde hǎo. Jiùde méiyou xīnde nàme hǎo.
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-
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- 大話的菜比東門的菜好。 東門的菜沒有大話的菜那麽好。
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-3. Dàhuáde cài bǐ Dōngménde cài Dōngménde cài méiyou Dàhuáde cài
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- hǎo. nàme hǎo.
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-
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-[236]
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-
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- 他的錢比我的錢多。 我的錢沒有他的錢那麽多。
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-4. Tāde qián bǐ wǒde qián duō. Wǒde qián meiyou tāde qián nàme
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- duō.
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-
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- 那個肉比這個肉貴。 這個肉沒有那個肉那麽貴。
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-5. Nèige ròu bǐ zhèige ròu guì. Zhèige ròu měiyou nèige ròu nàme
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- guì.
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-
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- 舊書比新書便宜。 新書沒有舊書那麽便宜。
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-6. Jiù shū bǐ xīn shū piányi. Xīn shū měiyou jiù shū nàme piányi.
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-
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-
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- 他開車比我開得快。 我開車沒有他開de車那麽快。
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-7. Tā kāi chē bǐ wǒ kāide kuài. Wǒ kāi chē měiyou tā kāide nàme kuài.
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-
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-
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-C. Combination Drill
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-
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- 不太好。離我們家近。 雖然不太好，可是離我們家近。
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-1. Speaker: Bú tài hǎo. Lí wǒmen You: Suīrán bú tài hǎo, kěshi lí
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- jiā jìn. wǒmen jiā jìn.
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- (It is not too good. (Even though it is not too good
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- It is close to us.) it is close to us.)
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-
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- 很好。離我們家太遠。 雖然很好，可是離我們家太遠。
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- OR Hěn hǎo. Lí wǒmen jiā Suīrán hěn hǎo, kěshi lí wǒmen
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- tài yuǎn. jiā tài yuǎn.
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- (it is very good. It (Even though it is very good,
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- is too far from us.) it is too far from us.)
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-
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- 不太方便。離我們家近。 雖然不太方便，可是離我們家近。
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-2. Bú tài fāngbian. Lí wǒmen Suīrán bú tài fāngbian, kěshi lí
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- jiā jìn. wǒmen jiā jìn.
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-
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- 不太便宜。離我們家近。 雖然不太便宜，可是離我們家近。
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-3. Bu tài piányi. Lí wǒmen jiā Suīrán bú tài piányi, kěshi lí
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- jìn. wǒmen jiā jìn.
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-
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- 很便宜。離我們家遠。 雖然很便宜，可是離我們家遠。
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-4. Hěn piányi. Lí wǒmen jiā tài Suīrán hěn piányi, kěshi lí wǒmen
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- yuǎn. jiā tài yuǎn.
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-
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- 很好。離我們家遠。 雖然很好，可是離我們家遠。
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-5. Hěn hǎo. Lí wǒmen jiā tài Suīrán hěn hǎo, kěshi lí wǒmen jiā
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- yuǎn. tài yuǎn.
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-
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- 不太好。離我們家近。 雖然不太好，可是離我們家近。
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-6. Bú tài hǎo. Lí wǒmen jiā hěn Suīrán bú tài hǎo, kěshi lí wǒmen
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- jìn. jiā hěn jìn.
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-
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-
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-[237]
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-
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-D. Transformation Drill
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-
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- 那個飯館子離這兒很近。 這個飯館子比那個飯館子離這兒很近。
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-1. Speaker: Nèige fànguǎnzi lí You: Zhèige fànguǎnzi bǐ nèige
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- zhèr hěn jìn. fànguǎnzi lí zhèr gèng jìn.
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- (This restaurant is even closer
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- to here than that restaurant.)
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- 這個
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- (cue) zhèige
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- (That restaurant is
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- very close to here.)
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-
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- 他家離這兒很近。 我家比他家離這兒更近。
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-2. Tā jiā lí zhèr hěn jìn. Wǒ jiā bǐ tā jiā lí zhèr gèng jìn.
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-
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- 我家
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- wǒ jiā
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-
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- 那個銀行離這兒很遠。 中國銀行比那個銀行離這兒很遠。
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-3. Nèige yínháng lí zhèr hěn yuǎn. Zhōngguo Yínháng bǐ nèige yínháng
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- lí zhèr gèng yuǎn.
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- 這個銀行
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- Zhōngguo Yínháng
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-
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- 五路汽車站離這兒很遠。 那個汽車站比五路汽車站離這兒很遠。
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-4. Wǔlù Qìchēzhàn lí zhèr hěn yuǎn, Nèige Qìchēzhàn bǐ Wūlù Qìchēzhàn
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- lí zhèr gèng yuǎn.
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- 那個汽車站
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- nèige Qìchēzhàn
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-
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- 武官処離這兒很遠。 大使館比武官処離這兒很遠。
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-5. Wǔguānchù lí zhèr hěn yuǎn. Dàshiguān bǐ Wǔguānchù lí zhèr gèng
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- yuǎn.
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- 大使館
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- Dàshiguǎn
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-
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- 火車站離這兒很近。 公路局車站比火車站離這兒很近。
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-6. Huǒchēzhàn lí zhèr hěn jìn. Gōnglùjú chēzhàn bǐ huǒchēzhàn lí
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- zhèr gèng jìn.
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- 公路局車站
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- Gōnglùjú chēzhàn
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-
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- 吾科長家離這兒很遠。 李教授家比吾科長家離這兒很遠。
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-7. Wú Kēzhǎng jiā lí zhèr hěn yuǎn. Lǐ Jiàoshòu jiā bǐ Wú Kēzhǎng jiā
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- lí zhèr gèng yuǎn.
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- 李教授家
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- Lǐ Jiàoshòu jiā
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-
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-
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|
|
-E. Transformation Drill
|
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-
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- 張小姐，王先生都有錢。 張小姐跟王先生一樣有錢。
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|
-1. Speaker: Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wáng You: Zhāng Xiǎojiě gēn Wáng Xiānsheng
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- Xiānsheng dōu yǒu yíyàng yǒu qián.
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- qián. (Miss Zhāng and Mr. Wáng are
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- (cue) the same equally rich.)
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- (Both Miss Zhāng and
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- Mr. Wáng have money
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- [are rich].)
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-
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- 張小姐，王先生都有錢。 張小姐比王先生有錢。
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-2. Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wáng Xiānsheng Zhāng Xiǎojiě bǐ Wáng Xiānsheng yǒu
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- dōu yǒu qián. qián.
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-
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- more
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-
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- 張小姐，王先生都有錢。 張小姐沒有王先生那麽有錢。
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-3. Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wáng Xiānsheng Zhāng Xiǎojiě méiyou Wáng Xiānsheng
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- dōu yǒu qián. nàme yǒu qián.
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-
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- less
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-
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- 張小姐，王先生都有錢。 張小姐比王先生更有錢。
|
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|
-4. Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wáng Xiānsheng Zhāng Xiǎojiě bǐ Wáng Xiānsheng
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- dōu yǒu qián. gèng yǒu qián.
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-
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- even more
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-
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|
-[238]
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-
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- 張小姐的錢，王先生的錢都很多。 張小姐的錢跟王先生的錢一樣多。
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-5. Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián, Wáng Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián gēn Wáng
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- Xiānshengde qián dōu hěn duō. Xiānshengde qián yíyàng duō.
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-
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- the same
|
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-
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|
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- 張小姐的錢，王先生的錢都很多。 張小姐的錢沒有王先生的錢那麽多。
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-6. Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián, Wáng Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián méiyou Wáng
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- Xiānshengde qián dōu hěn duō. Xiānshengde qián nàme duō.
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-
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- less
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-
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- 張小姐的錢，王先生的錢都很多。 張小姐的錢比王先生的錢更多。
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-7. Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián, Wáng Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián bǐ Wáng
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- Xiānshengde qián dōu hěn duō. Xiānshengde qián gèng duō.
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-
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- even more
|
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-
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|
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-
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|
|
-F. Substitution Drill
|
|
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-
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|
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- 你們這兒的菜很好。 你們這兒的菜非常好。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Nǐmen zhèrde cài hěn You: Nǐmen zhèrde cài fēicháng hǎo.
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- hǎo. (Your food here is exceptionally
|
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- (cue) exceptionally good.)
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- (Your food here is
|
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- very good.)
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-
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- 你們這兒的菜非常好。 你們這兒的菜好極了。
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-2. Nǐmen zhèrde cài fēicháng hǎo. Nǐmen zhèrde cài hǎojíle.
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-
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- extremely
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|
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-
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- 你們這兒的菜好極了。 你們這兒的菜好極了。
|
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-3. Nǐmen zhèrde cài hǎojíle. Nǐmen zhèrde cài hǎo yìdiǎn
|
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-
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- a little (more)
|
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-
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- 你們這兒的菜好一點。 你們這兒的菜更好。
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|
-4. Nǐmen zhèrde cài hǎo yìdiǎn. Nǐmen zhèrde cài gèng hǎo.
|
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-
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|
- even more
|
|
|
-
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- 你們這兒的菜更好。 你們這兒的菜好極了。
|
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|
-5. Nǐmen zhèrde cài gèng hǎo. Nǐmen zhèrde cài hǎojíle.
|
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-
|
|
|
- extremely
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|
|
-
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- 你們這兒的菜好極了。 你們這兒的菜特別好。
|
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|
-6. Nǐmen zhèrde cài hǎojíle. Nǐmen zhèrde cài tèbié hǎo.
|
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-
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|
- expecially
|
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-
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|
- 你們這兒的菜特別好。
|
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|
-7. Nǐmen zhèrde cài tèbié hǎo.
|
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-
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|
|
-
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|
-[239]
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|
|
-
|
|
|
-G. Combination Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這本書很好。這本書很便宜。 這本書又好又便宜。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Zhèiběn shū hěn hǎo. You: Zhèiběn shū yòu hǎo yòu piányi
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- Zhèiběn shū hěn (This book is both good and
|
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|
- piányi. inexpensive.)
|
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- (This book is good.
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|
- This book is
|
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|
- inexpensive.)
|
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|
-
|
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|
- 你買的地圖很好。你買的地圖很便宜。 你買的地圖又好又便宜。
|
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|
-2. Nǐ mǎide dìtú hěn hǎo. Nǐ Ni mǎide dìtú yòu hǎo yòu piányi.
|
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|
- mǎide dìtú hěn piányi.
|
|
|
-
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- 他住的飯店很好。他住的飯店很大。 他住的飯店又好又大。
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-3. Tā zhùde fàndiàn hěn hǎo. Tā Tā zhùde fàndiàn yòu hǎo yòu dà.
|
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|
- zhùde fàndiàn hěn dà.
|
|
|
-
|
|
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- 那般飛機很快。那般飛機很便宜。 那般飛機又快又便宜。
|
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|
-4. Nèibān fēijī hěn kuài. Nèibān Nèibān fēijī yòu kuài yòu piányi.
|
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|
- fēijī hěn piányi.
|
|
|
-
|
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- 坐火車去很好。坐火車去很方便。 坐火車去又好又方便。
|
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|
-5. Zuò huǒchē qù hěn hǎo. Zuò Zuò huǒchē qù yòu hǎo yòu fāngbian.
|
|
|
- huǒchē qù hěn fāngbian.
|
|
|
-
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|
|
- 這個飯館子很近。這個飯館子很便宜。 這個飯館子又近又便宜。
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|
|
-6. Zhège fànguǎnzi hěn jìn. Zhège fànguǎnzi yòu jìn yòu piányi.
|
|
|
- Zhège fànguǎnzi hěn piányi.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他買的地毯很便宜。他買的地毯很很好。 他買的地毯又便宜又好。
|
|
|
-7. Tā mǎide dìtǎn hěn piányi. Tā Tā mǎide dìtǎn yòu piányi yòu hǎo.
|
|
|
- mǎide dìtǎn hěn hǎo.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-H. Expansion Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這兒的肉非常好。 這的肉非常好，別的地方吃不着。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Zhèrde ròu fēicháng You: Zhèrde ròu fēicháng hǎo, biéde
|
|
|
- hǎo. dìfang chībuzháo.
|
|
|
- (The meat here is exceptionally
|
|
|
- 吃 good. You can’t find anything
|
|
|
- (cue) chī like it anywhere else.)
|
|
|
- (The meat here is
|
|
|
- exceptionally good.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那兒的菜非常好。 那兒的菜非常好，別的地方買不着。
|
|
|
-2. Nàrde cài fēicháng hǎo. Nàrde cài fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang
|
|
|
- mǎibuzháo.
|
|
|
- 買
|
|
|
- mǎi
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那兒的糖非常好。 那兒的糖非常好，別的地方買不着。
|
|
|
-3. Nàrde táng fēicháng hǎo. Nàrde táng fēicháng hǎo, biéde
|
|
|
- dìfang mǎibuzháo.
|
|
|
- 買
|
|
|
- mǎi
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這兒的電影非常好。 這兒的電影非常好，別的地方看不着。
|
|
|
-4. Zhèrde diànyíng fēicháng hǎo. Zhèrde diànyǐng fēicháng hǎo, biéde
|
|
|
- dìfang kànbuzháo.
|
|
|
- 看
|
|
|
- kàn
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這兒的書非常好。 這兒的書非常好，別的地方看不着。
|
|
|
-5. Zhèrde shū fēicháng duō. Zhèrde shū fēicháng duō, biéde
|
|
|
- dìfang kànbuzháo.
|
|
|
- 看
|
|
|
- kàn
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[240]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那兒的電視非常好。 那兒的電視非常好，別的地方買不着。
|
|
|
-6. Nàrde diànshì fēicháng hǎo. Nàrde diànshì fēicháng hǎo, biéde
|
|
|
- dìfang mǎibuzháo.
|
|
|
- 買
|
|
|
- mǎi
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那兒的菜非常好。 那兒的菜非常好，別的地方吃不着。
|
|
|
-7. Narde cài fēicháng hǎo. Nàrde cài fēicháng hǎo, biéde
|
|
|
- dìfang chībuzháo.
|
|
|
- 吃
|
|
|
- chi
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Drying rice in front of a temple in central Táiwān
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[241]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-UNIT 7
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-REFERENCE LIST
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(in Taipei)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 喂
|
|
|
-1. B: Wèi. Hello.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 張先生嗎？
|
|
|
- A: Zhāng Xiānsheng ma? Is this Mr. Zhāng?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 是的。您是不是白女士？
|
|
|
-2. B: Shìde. Nín shì bu shi Bái Yes. Is this Miss White?
|
|
|
- Nǚshì?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 是。張先生，我有一件事想跟你打聽打聽。
|
|
|
- A: Shì. Zhāng Xiānsheng, wǒ Yes. Mr. Zhāng, I have something
|
|
|
- yǒu yíjiàn shì xiǎng gēn I would like to ask you about.
|
|
|
- nín dǎting dǎting.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 什麽事？
|
|
|
-3. B: Shénme shì? What is it?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 聽説您那邊新來了方先生，是剛派來的；
|
|
|
- 他的名字我忘記了。
|
|
|
- A: Tīngshuō nín nàbian xīn I have heard that you recently had
|
|
|
- láile yíwèi Fāng Xiānsheng, a Mr. Fāng join you, who has just
|
|
|
- shi gāng pàilaide; been assigned to your office. I
|
|
|
- tāde míngzi wǒ wàngji le. have forgotten his given name.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 不錯，方德銘是上個禮拜派到我們這裏來的。
|
|
|
-4. B: Bú cuò, Fāng Démíng shi That’s right. Fāng Démíng was sent
|
|
|
- shàngge lǐbài pài dào over here last week.
|
|
|
- wǒmen zhèli láide.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 怎麽？你認識他嗎。
|
|
|
- B: Zěnme? Nǐ rènshi ta ma? Why? Do you know him?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 不認識。
|
|
|
-5. A: Bú rènshi. I don’t know him.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 不過聽説他也是加州大學畢業的，
|
|
|
- 所以想請你給我介紹介紹。
|
|
|
- A: Búguò tīngshuō tā yě shi However, I have heard that he also
|
|
|
- Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède, graduated from the University
|
|
|
- suǒyi xiǎng qǐng ni gěi of California, so I wanted to ask
|
|
|
- wo jièshao jièshao. you to introduce me to him.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 沒問題。我看看...好，我們現在都有功夫。
|
|
|
-6. B: Méi wèntí. Wǒ kànkan... No problem. I’ll take a look....
|
|
|
- hǎo, wǒmen xiànzài dōu Okay, we are both free now.
|
|
|
- yǒu gōngfu.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你現在竜來嗎？
|
|
|
- B: Nǐ xiànzài néng lái ma? Can you come now?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 行。
|
|
|
-7. A: Xíng. That will be fine.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我馬上到您辦公室來。
|
|
|
- A: Wǒ mǎshàng dào nín bàngōngshì I’ll come to your office right away.
|
|
|
- lái.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 差不多半個鐘頭就到。
|
|
|
- A: Chàbuduō bànge zhōngtóu I’ll be there in about half an hour.
|
|
|
- jiù dào.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[242]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
|
|
|
-(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-8. jìde 記得 to remember
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-9. rènde 認得 to recognize, to know (alternate
|
|
|
- word for rènshi)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-10. rènshi zì 認識字 to know how to read (literally, “to
|
|
|
- recognize characters”)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-11. wàng 忘 to forget (alternate word for wàngji,
|
|
|
- especially in the sense of
|
|
|
- forgetting to DO something)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-12. wánquán 完全 completely
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-13. xiǎngqilai 想起來 to think of, to remember
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-14. zuǒyòu 左右 approximately
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[243]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-VOCABULARY
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-bìyè 畢業 to graduate
|
|
|
-bú cuò 不錯 not bad, pretty good; that’s right
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-chàbuduō 差不多 almost, about, approximately
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-dǎting 大廳 to inquire about, to ask about
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-jìde 記得 to remember
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-mǎshàng 馬上 immediately
|
|
|
-méi wèntí 沒問題 (there’s) no problem
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-pài dào 派到 to send to
|
|
|
-pàilai 派來 to send here
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-rènde 認得 to recognize, to know
|
|
|
-rènshi 認識 to recognize, to know
|
|
|
-rènshi zì 認識字 to know how to read (literally,
|
|
|
- “to recognize characters”)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-tīngshuō 聽説 to hear that
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-wàng 忘 to forget
|
|
|
-wàngji 忘記 to forget
|
|
|
-wánquán 完全 completely
|
|
|
-wèntí 問題 problem, question
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-xiǎngqilai 想起來 to think of, to remember
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-zuǒyōu 左右 approximately
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(introduced on C-2 tape)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-cōngming 聰明 to be intelligent
|
|
|
-duōde duō 多得多 much more
|
|
|
-kěnéng 可能 maybe
|
|
|
-Shìjiè Yínháng 世界銀行 World Bank
|
|
|
-xiū jià 休假 to take a vacation
|
|
|
-yánjiuyuàn 研究院 graduate school
|
|
|
-yàobushi...jiù shi... 要不是..就是.. if it’s not...then it will be...
|
|
|
-yònggōng 用工 to be hardworking
|
|
|
-yuèchū 月初 the beginning of the month
|
|
|
-yuèdǐ 月底 the end of the month
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[244]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-REFERENCE NOTES
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 喂
|
|
|
-1. B: Wèi. Hello.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 張先生嗎？
|
|
|
- A: Zhāng Xiānsheng ma? Is this Mr. Zhāng?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 是的。您是不是白女士？
|
|
|
-2. B: Shìde. Nín shì bu shi Bái Yes. Is this Miss White?
|
|
|
- Nǚshì?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 是。張先生，我有一件事想跟你打聽打聽。
|
|
|
- A: Shì. Zhāng Xiānsheng, wǒ Yes. Mr. Zhāng, I have something
|
|
|
- yǒu yíjiàn shì xiǎng gēn I would like to ask you about.
|
|
|
- nín dǎting dǎting.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on Nos. 1-2
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Gēn nín dǎting, “ask information from you”: Note that the prepositional
|
|
|
-verb gēn is translated as “from.” Dǎting, “to inquire,” is less formal
|
|
|
-than qǐngjiào and requests information rather than advice.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Objects of reduplicated verbs: Reduplicated verbs may be followed only
|
|
|
-by DEFINITE objects. Indefinite objects of reduplicated verbs precede those
|
|
|
-verbs. In the last sentence of exchange 2, the object of the reduplicated
|
|
|
-verb dǎting dǎting is indefinite: yíjiàn shì, “a matter” Thus the object
|
|
|
-is introduced in the clause wǒ yǒu yíjiàn shì which precedes the entire
|
|
|
-verb phrase xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Reduplicating a verb makes it indefinite; adding an indefinite object might
|
|
|
-cause confusion. The reduplicated verbs in the sentences below have definite
|
|
|
-objects:
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我想跟您打聽打聽那件事。
|
|
|
- Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting I would like to ask you about that.
|
|
|
- nèijiàn shì.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我想跟您打聽打聽這件事。
|
|
|
- Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting I would like to ask you about this.
|
|
|
- zhèijiàn shì.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我想跟您打聽打聽他的事。
|
|
|
- Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting I would like to ask you about his
|
|
|
- tāde shì. matter (about ask him)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我想跟您打聽打聽你的那件事。
|
|
|
- Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting I would like to ask you about that
|
|
|
- nǐde nèijiàn shì. matter of yours.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Simple verbs are used in the following sentences, which have indefinite
|
|
|
-objects:
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我想跟您打聽一點事。
|
|
|
- Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting I would like to ask you about something.
|
|
|
- yìdiǎn shì.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我想跟您打聽很多事。
|
|
|
- Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting hěn I would like to ask you about a lot of things.
|
|
|
- duō shì.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我想跟您打聽幾件事。
|
|
|
- Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting I would like to ask you about a few things.
|
|
|
- jǐjiàn shì.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[245]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 什麽事？
|
|
|
-3. B: Shénme shì? What is it?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 聽説您那邊新來了方先生，是剛派來的；
|
|
|
- 他的名字我忘記了。
|
|
|
- A: Tīngshuō nín nàbian xīn I have heard that you recently had
|
|
|
- láile yíwèi Fāng Xiānsheng, a Mr. Fāng join you, who has just
|
|
|
- shi gāng pàilaide; been assigned to your office. I
|
|
|
- tāde míngzi wǒ wàngji le. have forgotten his given name.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 3
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Tīngshuō corresponds to the English “I hear that....”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-... láile yíwèi Fāng Xiānsheng, “there came a Mr. Fāng”: While “a” and
|
|
|
-“the” are used in English to distinguish between indefinite and definite,
|
|
|
-word order accomplishes the same distinction in Chinese. The subject “A
|
|
|
-Mr. Fāng” is placed AFTER the verb because the subject is indefinite. With
|
|
|
-an indefinite subject following the verb, information preceding the verb
|
|
|
-may give location, time, or other scene-setting details.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這兒新開了一個很好的飯館子。
|
|
|
- Zhèr xīn kāile yige hěn A very good restaurant opened here
|
|
|
- hǎode fànguǎnzi. recently.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 昨天來了一些日本人。
|
|
|
- Zuótiān láile yìxiē Rìběn Some Japanese came yesterday,
|
|
|
- rén.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 已經去了五百個人。
|
|
|
- Yǐjīng qùle wǔbǎige rén. Five hundred people have already
|
|
|
- gone there.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Verbs of appearing and verbs of disappearing (“to come,” “to discover,”
|
|
|
-“to happen/occur”) introduce indefinite subjects, as do the words you
|
|
|
-and yǒude.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 外邊有幾個人找你。
|
|
|
- Wàibian yǒu jige rén zhǎo nǐ. There are some people outside who
|
|
|
- want to see you.
|
|
|
- 有的人不喜歡喝茶。
|
|
|
- Yǒude rén bù xǐhuan hē chá. Some people don’t like to drink tea.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Some situations may be described with either you or another verb.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 昨天有一個人來找你。
|
|
|
- Zuótiān yǒu yige rén lái Yesterday there was someone here
|
|
|
- zhǎo nǐ. looking for you.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 昨天來了一個人要找你當面談談。
|
|
|
- Zuótiān láile yige rén yào Yesterday someone was here who was
|
|
|
- zhǎo nǐ dāngmiàn tántan. looking for you to talk with you
|
|
|
- in person.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Subjects occurring at the end of a sentence are indefinite, whether or not
|
|
|
-they are accompanied by yíge. Subjects preceding the verb in a sentence
|
|
|
-are definite, whether or not they are accompanied by zhèige, nèige, zhèixiē,
|
|
|
-nèixiē, or other specifying words.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- Lái rén le. 來人了。 Some people have come.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- Rén lái le. 人來了。 The people have come, (i.e., those
|
|
|
- whom we were expecting)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[246]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Míngzi means “name”—of an object, a place, or a person (GIVEN NAME).
|
|
|
-Occasionally, míngzi is used for a person’s full name (surname and given
|
|
|
-name). This usage is more common in the PRC.
|
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-
|
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|
-Wàngji is a verb meaning “to forget”—used especially in reference to
|
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-forgetting facts. Wàng, “to forget,” is more commonly used for forgetting
|
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|
-to do something. The verb jìde means “to remember.”
|
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-
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-
|
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- 不錯，方德銘是上個禮拜派到我們這裏來的。
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-4. B: Bú cuò, Fāng Démíng shi That’s right. Fāng Démíng was sent
|
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- shàngge lǐbài pài dào over here last week.
|
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- wǒmen zhèli láide.
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-
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- 怎麽？你認識他嗎。
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- B: Zěnme? Nǐ rènshi ta ma? Why? Do you know him?
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-
|
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|
-Notes on No. 4
|
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-
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-Bú cuò means “not bad” in the sense of pretty good,” “pretty well,”
|
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-“all right.”
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-
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- Nǐ zěnmeyàng? 你怎麽樣？ How are things going?
|
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-
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- Bú cuò. 不錯 Not bad.
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-
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-In the first sentence of No. 4, bú cuò means “that’s right, your information
|
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|
-is not wrong.”
|
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-
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- 李先生，你剛從香港回來，是嗎？
|
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- Lǐ Xiānsheng, ni gāng cóng Mr. Li, you just got back from Hong
|
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- Xiānggǎng huílai, shì ma? Kong, didn’t you?
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-
|
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- 不錯，我是昨天回來的。
|
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- Bú cuò, wǒ shi zuótiān That’s right. I got back yesterday.
|
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- huílaide.
|
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-
|
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-Here are more examples of bú cuò:
|
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-
|
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- 那個飯館子菜真不錯。
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- Nèige fànguǎnzide cài zhēn That restaurant really has pretty
|
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- bú cuò. good food.
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-
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- 他説中國話，説得不錯。
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- Tā shuō Zhōngguo huà, shuōde He speaks Chinese pretty well.
|
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- bú cuò.
|
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-
|
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-In the first example, notice that an adverb precedes bú cuò: zhēn bú cuò
|
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-
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|
-[247]
|
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-
|
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|
-Pài dào...lái is a three-part verb: action verb (also expressing MOTION),
|
|
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-prepositional verb (must take an object), and directional verb (lái, qù)
|
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-
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|
- ACTION PREPOSITIONAL DIRECTIONAL
|
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|
- VERB VERB OBJECT VERB
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-
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|
- 跑 到 山上 去
|
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|
- pǎo dào shānshang qù “to run up on
|
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|
- the hill”
|
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-
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|
- 搬 到 這兒 來
|
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|
- bān dào zhèr lái “to move it
|
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|
- into here”
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|
-
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|
- 拿 到 學校 去
|
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|
- ná dào xuéxiào qù “to take it to
|
|
|
- school”
|
|
|
-
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|
|
- 走 到 後邊兒 來
|
|
|
- zǒu dào hòubianr lái “to walk to
|
|
|
- the back”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Zěnme, “why,” “how come,” “how is it that...,”* is a more colloquial and
|
|
|
-challenging word for “why” than wèishénme. Only a reason or an explanation is
|
|
|
-requested by wèishénme. Zěnme expresses more, emphasizing the speaker’s
|
|
|
-surprise or lack of understanding.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-*You have already learned that zènme can mean “how.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你們的辦公室怎麽這麽小？
|
|
|
- Nǐmende bàngōngshì zěnme How is it that your office is so
|
|
|
- zhème xiǎo? small?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他父母都說中國話，他怎麽不會説。
|
|
|
- Tā fùmǔ dōu shuō Zhōngguo Both his parents speak Chinese.
|
|
|
- huà, tā zěnme bú huì How is it that he can’t?
|
|
|
- shuō?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這麽要緊的事，我怎麽忘了做了？
|
|
|
- Zhème yàojǐnde shì, wǒ How could I have forgotten to do
|
|
|
- zěnme wàngle zuò le? such an important thing?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你怎麽不念書呢？
|
|
|
- Nǐ zěnme bú niàn shū ne? How come you’re not studying?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你怎麽不説話？有什麽不高興的事嗎？
|
|
|
- Nǐ zěnme bù shuō huà? Yǒu How come you’re not saying anything?
|
|
|
- shénme bù gāoxìngde shì ma? Is there something you are unhappy
|
|
|
- about?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-The meaning of zěnme is sometimes affected by the aspect marker used:
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你怎麽來了？
|
|
|
- Nǐ zěnme lái le? How come you are here? (i.e.,
|
|
|
- “What are you doing here?”)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你(是)怎麽來的？
|
|
|
- Nǐ (shi) zěnme láide? How did you get here? (i.e., by
|
|
|
- what means of transportation)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[248]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Rènshi the state verb means “to know” in the sense of “to be acquainted
|
|
|
-with,” “to be familiar with,” “to recognize.” As an action verb, rènshi
|
|
|
-means “to meet,” “to get acquainted with.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(STATE VERB)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你認識張國權嗎？
|
|
|
- Nǐ rènshi Zhāng Guóquán ma? Do you know Zhāng Guóquán?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你認識他嗎？
|
|
|
- Nǐ rènshi ta ma? Do you know him?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我們不太認識。
|
|
|
- Wǒmen bú tài rènshi. We are not too well acquainted.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我們去年還不認識。
|
|
|
- Wǒmen qùnián hái bú rènshi. We did not know each other yet last
|
|
|
- year.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(ACTION VERB)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我在美國的時候，認識了很多美國年輕人。
|
|
|
- Wǒ zài Měiguode shíhou, When I was in America, I met a lot
|
|
|
- rènshile hěn duō Měiguo of young Americans.
|
|
|
- niánqīng rén.*
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-*niánqīng, “to be young”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我是前年認識他的。
|
|
|
- Wǒ shi qiánnián I met him the year before last.
|
|
|
- rènshi tade.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那個時候我們還沒認識。
|
|
|
- Nèige shíhou wǒmen hái méi At that time we had not yet met.
|
|
|
- rènshi.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他是一個很好的人，你應該認識認識。
|
|
|
- Tā shi yíge hěn hǎode rén, He is a very good person; you should
|
|
|
- nǐ yīnggāi rènshi renshi.** get to know him.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-**yīnggāi, “should”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-As a state verb, rènshi is used for “knowing” or “recognizing” Chinese
|
|
|
-characters.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你認識多少個中國字？
|
|
|
- Nǐ rènshi duōshǎoge Zhōngguo How many Chinese characters do you
|
|
|
- zì? know/recognize?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你認識這個字嗎？
|
|
|
- Nǐ rènshi zhèige zì ma? Do you recognize this character?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Contrast the meanings of rènshi and zhīdao: rènshi, “to know” a person;
|
|
|
-zhīdao, “to know of” a person
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你認識唐小姐嗎？
|
|
|
- Nǐ rènshi Táng Xiǎojiě ma? Do you know Miss Táng?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我知道她，但是我們沒見過。
|
|
|
- Wǒ zhīdao ta, dànshi wǒmen I know of her, but we haven’t met.
|
|
|
- méi jiànguo.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-When a place is being discussed, rènshi means “to know how to get [there].”
|
|
|
-Zhīdao continues to mean “to know of [a place].”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你認識那個電影院嗎？
|
|
|
- Nǐ rènshi nèige diànyǐngyuàn Do you know how to get to that movie
|
|
|
- ma? theater?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你知道那個電影院？
|
|
|
- Nǐ zhīdao nèige diànyǐngyuàn Do you know of that movie theater?
|
|
|
- ma?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[249]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 不認識。
|
|
|
-5. A: Bú rènshi. I don’t know him.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 不過聽説他也是加州大學畢業的，
|
|
|
- 所以想請你給我介紹介紹。
|
|
|
- A: Búguò tīngshuō tā yě shi However, I have heard that he also
|
|
|
- Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède, graduated from the University
|
|
|
- suǒyi xiǎng qǐng ni gěi of California, so I wanted to ask
|
|
|
- wo jièshao jièshao. you to introduce me to him.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Note on No. 5
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède, “graduated from the University of California”:
|
|
|
-The name of a school or a word describing the type of school may stand
|
|
|
-in front of the verb bìyè with no preceding prepositional verb, such as
|
|
|
-cóng, “from.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你兒子已經大學/中學/小學畢業了嗎？
|
|
|
- Nǐ érzi yǐjīng dàxué/zhōngxué/ Has your son graduated from college/
|
|
|
- iǎoxué bìyè le ma? high school/elementary school
|
|
|
- already?
|
|
|
- 他大學還沒畢業呢。
|
|
|
- Tā dàxué hai méi bìyè ne. He has not graduated from college yet.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他是臺灣大學畢業的。
|
|
|
- Tā shi Táiwān Dàxué bìyède. He graduated from Táiwān University.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Bìyè may also be preceded by either zài, “at,” or cóng, “from.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你是在哪個中學畢業的？
|
|
|
- Nǐ shi zài něige zhōngxué What high school did you graduate
|
|
|
- bìyède? from?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我去年從德州大學畢業了。
|
|
|
- Wǒ qùniān cóng Dézhōu Dàxué I graduated last year from the
|
|
|
- bìyè le. University of Texas.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我是七八年從北京大學畢業的。
|
|
|
- Wǒ shi qībānián cóng Běijīng I graduated from Běijīng University
|
|
|
- Dàxué bìyède. in ’78.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Bìyè, meaning “to complete a course of study,” is a compound made up of a
|
|
|
-verb plus a general object. For this reason, the object yè may be separated
|
|
|
-from the verb bì. This separation occurs most frequently in sentences
|
|
|
-containing the shì... de construction.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他是一九七六年畢業的。
|
|
|
- Tā shi yījiǔqīliùnián bìde yè. He graduated in 1976.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 沒問題。我看看...好，我們現在都有功夫。
|
|
|
-6. B: Méi wèntí. Wǒ kànkan... No problem. I’ll take a look....
|
|
|
- hǎo, wǒmen xiànzài dōu Okay, we are both free now.
|
|
|
- yǒu gōngfu.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你現在竜來嗎？
|
|
|
- B: Nǐ xiànzài néng lái ma? Can you come now?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Note on No. 6
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-The noun wèntí can mean “question,” “problem,” or “difficulty.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他問了好多問題。
|
|
|
- Tā wènle hǎoduō wèntí. He asked a lot of questions.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[250]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那是一個很大的問題。
|
|
|
- Nà shi yige hěn dàde wèntí. That’s a big problem.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Ní yǒu wèntí ma? could mean either “Do you have any questions?” or “Are you
|
|
|
-having any problems?”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 行。
|
|
|
-7. A: Xíng. That will be fine.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我馬上到您辦公室來。
|
|
|
- A: Wǒ mǎshàng dào nín bàngōngshì I’ll come to your office right away.
|
|
|
- lái.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 差不多半個鐘頭就到。
|
|
|
- A: Chàbuduō bànge zhōngtóu I’ll be there in about half an hour.
|
|
|
- jiù dào.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 7
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-The adverb mǎshàng (literally, “on horseback”) means “immediately,”
|
|
|
-“right away.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Chàbuduō may be translated fairly literally as “does not differ much.”
|
|
|
-Other translations are “about,” “approximately,” “almost.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 差不多八點了。
|
|
|
- Chàbuduō bādiǎn le. It is nearly eight o’clock.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 這本書我差不多看完了。
|
|
|
- Zhèběn shū wǒ chàbuduō kànwán le. I have almost finished reading this
|
|
|
- book.
|
|
|
- 他們差不多八點鐘來。
|
|
|
- Tāmen chàbuduō bādiǎn zhōng lái. They are coming at around eight o’clock.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那個學校有差不多三百個學生。
|
|
|
- Nàge xuéxiào yǒu chàbuduō That school has approximately three
|
|
|
- sānbǎige xuésheng. hundred students.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 8. jìde 記得 to remember
|
|
|
- 9. rènde 認得 to recognize, to know (alternate word
|
|
|
- for rènshi)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-10. rènshi zì 認識字 to know how to read (literally, “to
|
|
|
- recognize characters”)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-11. wàng 忘 to forget (alternate word for wàngji,
|
|
|
- especially in the sense of forgetting
|
|
|
- to DO something)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-12. wánquán 完全 completely
|
|
|
-13. xiángqilai 想起來 to think of, to remember
|
|
|
-14. zuǒyòu 左右 approximately
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[251]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-The verb jìde, “to remember,” acts like a state verb.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你記得王小明嗎？
|
|
|
- Nǐ jìde Wáng Xiǎo Ming ma? Do you remember Wáng Xiǎo Ming?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 記得。他是我愛人大學的同學。
|
|
|
- Jìde. Tā shi wǒ àiren I remember (him). He is my spouse’s
|
|
|
- dàxuéde tóngxué. college classmate.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我昨天不記得他姓什麽。今天又想起來了。
|
|
|
- Wǒ zuótiān bú jìde tā xìng Yesterday I couldn’t remember what
|
|
|
- shénme. Jīntiān yòu his name is. Today I remembered
|
|
|
- xiǎngqilai le. it (again).
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Rènde, “to recognize,” “to know,” is usually interchangeable with rènshi.
|
|
|
-Both rènshi and rènde are most often made negative with bù.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你認得他媽？
|
|
|
- Nǐ rènde ta ma? Do you know him?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 不認得。
|
|
|
- Bú rènde. No.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他路也不認得。
|
|
|
- Tā lù yě bú rènde. He doesn’t even know the way.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我們去年還不認得。
|
|
|
- Wǒmen qùnián hái bú rènde. We did not know each other last year.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Wàng, “to forget,” is an action verb.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我很容易把人名字忘了。
|
|
|
- Wǒ hěn róngyi bǎ rén míngzi I forget people’s names very easily,
|
|
|
- wàng le.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你們都把車票拿來了嗎？
|
|
|
- Nǐmen dōu bǎ chēpiào nálai Did all of you bring your bus tickets?
|
|
|
- le ma?
|
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-
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- 我忘了。
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- Wǒ wàng le. I forgot (mine).
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-
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- 我沒忘。
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- Wǒ méi wàng. I didn’t forget.
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-
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-Wánquán, “completely,” is an adverb used to modify verbs.
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-
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- 他寫的字完全對。
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- Tā xiěde zì wánquán duì. The character he wrote is completely
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- right.
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-
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- 他完全不懂。
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- Tā wánquán bù dǒng. He doesn’t understand any part of
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- this.
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- 我完全不知道這件事。
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- Wǒ wánquán bù zhīdào zhèijiàn I don’t know anything about this
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- shì. matter.
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-
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-Xiǎngqilai, “to think of,” “to remember,” is a compound verb of result.
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-It is made up of xiǎng, “to think”; qǐ “to rise”; and lái, “to come."*
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-As an ending showing result, -qǐlái may have either its literal meaning of
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-“to come up” or more abstract meanings such as “to come to mind.”**
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-
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-*Xiǎngqilai is actually pronounced xiángqilai. The ending -qīlái is in the
|
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-neutral tone; because qǐ was originally in the third tone, xiǎng changes
|
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-to the rising tone.
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-
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-**English prepositions, such as “up,” are also used both literally and
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-abstractly: “look up the wall” (an upward motion) and “look up the phone
|
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-number” (no motion indicated by “up”)
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-
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-[252]
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-
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- 請把椅子辦起來。
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- Qǐng bǎ yǐzi bānqilai. Please lift up the chair.
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-
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- 請你們站起來。
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- Qǐng nǐmen zhànqilai. Please stand up.
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-
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- 那個字我想起來了。
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- Nèige zì wǒ xiǎngqilai le. I remember that character.
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-
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-
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-Zuǒyòu (literally, “left-right”) means “approximately,” “about.”
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-
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- 我五點左右來接你。
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- Wǒ wǔdiǎn zuǒyòu lái jiē ni. I will come to get you about five
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- o’clock.
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-
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- 你去買點兒蘋果，好不好？
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- Nǐ qù mǎi diǎnr píngguǒ, hǎo How about going to buy some apples?
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- bu hǎo?
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-
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- 要多少？
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- Yào duōshǎo? How many do you want?
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-
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- 三斤左右就夠了。
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- Sānjīn zuǒyòu jiù gòu le. About three catties should be enough.
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-
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-
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-[253]
|
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-
|
|
|
-DRILLS
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-
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|
-A. Transformation Drill
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-
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-1.
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- 我有一件事想跟您打聽打聽。 我想跟您打聽一件事。
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-Speaker: Wǒ yǒu yíjiàn shì You: Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting yíjiàn
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- xiǎng gēn nín dǎting shì.
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- dǎting.
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- (I have something I (I would like to ask you
|
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|
- would like to ask you something. )
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|
- about.)
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-
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|
- 那件事，我想跟您打聽打聽。 我想跟您打聽打聽那件事。
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|
- OR Nèijiàn shì, wǒ xiǎng Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting
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- gēn nín dǎting dǎting. nèijiàn shì.
|
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|
- (I would like to ask (I would like to ask you about
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|
- you about that matter. that matter.)
|
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-
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- 我有很多事想跟您打聽打聽。 我想跟您打聽很多事。
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-2. Wǒ yǒu hěn duō shì xiǎng gēn Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting hěn duō shì.
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- nín dǎting dǎting.
|
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|
-
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- 這件事，我想跟您打聽打聽。 我想跟您打聽打聽這件事。
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|
-3. Zhèijiàn shì, wǒ xiǎng gēn nín Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting
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- dǎting dǎting. zhèijiàn shì.
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|
-
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|
- 他的事，我想跟您打聽打聽。 我想跟您打聽打聽他的事。
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|
-4. Tāde shì, wǒ xiǎng gēn nín Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting tāde
|
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|
- dǎting dǎting. shì.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我有一件事想跟您打聽打聽。 我想跟您打聽一件事。
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|
-5. Wǒ yǒu jǐjiàn shì xiǎng gēn nín Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting jǐjiàn shì.
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|
- dǎting dǎting.
|
|
|
-
|
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|
- 你的那件事，我想跟您打聽打聽。 我想跟您打聽打聽你的那件事。
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|
|
-6. Nǐde nèijiàn shì, wǒ xiǎng gēn Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting nǐde
|
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|
- nín dǎting dǎting. nèijiàn shì.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
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|
-B. Expansion Drill
|
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-
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|
- 他的名字我忘了。 他的名字我忘了，你還記得嗎？
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|
|
-1. Speaker: Tāde míngzi wǒ wàng You: Tāde míngzi wǒ wàng le, nǐ hái
|
|
|
- le. jìde ma?
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|
|
- (I have forgotten his (I have forgotten his given
|
|
|
- given name.) name. Do you remember it?)
|
|
|
-
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|
|
- 他的地址我忘記了。 他的地址我忘記了，你還記得嗎？
|
|
|
-2. Tāde dìzhí wǒ wàngji le. Tāde dìzhí wǒ wàngji le, nǐ hái
|
|
|
- jìde ma?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他什麽時候來我忘了。 他什麽時候來我忘了，你還記得嗎？
|
|
|
-3. Tā shénme shíhou lái wǒ wàng Tā shénme shíhou lái wǒ wàng le, nī
|
|
|
- le. hái jìde ma?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 内板飛機幾點鐘到我忘記了。 内板飛機幾點鐘到我忘記了，你還記得嗎？
|
|
|
-4. Nèibān fēijī jǐdiǎn zhōng dào Nèibān fēijī jǐdiǎn zhōng dào wǒ
|
|
|
- wǒ wàngji le. wàngji le, nǐ hái jìde ma?
|
|
|
-
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|
|
- 他是哪年到中國去的我忘了。 他是哪年到中國去的我忘了，你還記得嗎？
|
|
|
-5. Tā shi něinián dào Zhōngguo Tā shi něinián dào Zhōngguo qùde
|
|
|
- qùde wǒ wàng le. wǒ wàng le, ni hái jìde ma?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我們在哪裏換車我忘記了。 我們在哪裏換車我忘記了，你還記得嗎？
|
|
|
-6. Wǒmen zài náli huàn chē wǒ Wǒmen zài náli huàn chē wǒ wàngji
|
|
|
- wàngji le. le, ni hái jìde ma?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 銀行幾點鐘關門我忘了。 銀行幾點鐘關門我忘了，你還記得嗎？
|
|
|
-7. Yínháng jǐdiǎn zhōng guān mén Yínháng jǐdiǎn zhōng guān mén wǒ
|
|
|
- wǒ wàng le. wàng le, ni hái jìde ma?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-C. Expansion Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 聽説他是剛派來的。 聽説他是剛派到這裏來的。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Tīngshuō tā shi gāng You: Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pài dào
|
|
|
- pàilaide. zhèli láide.
|
|
|
- (I have heard he was Just sent
|
|
|
- 這裏 over here.)
|
|
|
- (cue) zhèli
|
|
|
- (I have heard he was
|
|
|
- just sent over.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 聽説他是剛派去的。 聽説他是剛派到那裏去的。
|
|
|
-2. Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pàiqude. Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pài dào nàli
|
|
|
- qùde.
|
|
|
- 那裏
|
|
|
- nàli
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 聽説李先生是剛派來的。 聽説李先生是剛派派臺北的。
|
|
|
-3. Tīngshuō Lǐ Xiānsheng shi gāng Tīngshuō Lǐ Xiānsheng shi gāng pài
|
|
|
- pàilaide. dào Táiběi láide.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 臺北
|
|
|
- Táiběi
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 聽説王小姐是剛派去的。 聽説王小姐是剛派到臺南去的。
|
|
|
-4. Tīngshuō Wáng Xiǎojiě shi gāng Tīngshuō Wáng Xiǎojiě shi gāng pài
|
|
|
- pàiqude. dào Táinán qùde.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 臺南
|
|
|
- Táinán
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 聽説他哥哥是剛派來的。 聽説他哥哥是剛派到臺中來的。
|
|
|
-5. Tīngshuō tā gēge shi gāng Tīngshuō tā gēge shi gāng pài dào
|
|
|
- pàilaide. Táizhōng láide.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 臺中
|
|
|
- Táizhōng
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 聽説他是剛派去的。 聽説他是剛派到高雄去的。
|
|
|
-6. Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pàiqude. Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pài dào
|
|
|
- Gāoxiōng qùde.
|
|
|
- 高雄
|
|
|
- Gāoxióng
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 聽説您是剛派來的。 聽説您是剛派到這裏來的。
|
|
|
-7. Tīngshuō nín shi gāng pàilaide. Tīngshuō nín shi gāng pài dào zhèli
|
|
|
- láide.
|
|
|
- 這裏
|
|
|
- zhèli
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[255]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-D. Expansion Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他是加州大學畢業的。 他是一九四五年加州大學畢業的。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Tā shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué You: Tā shi yījiǔsìwǔnián Jiāzhōu
|
|
|
- bìyède. Dàxué bìyède.
|
|
|
- (In 1945 he graduated from the
|
|
|
- University of California.)
|
|
|
- 一九四五年
|
|
|
- (cue) yījiusìwǔnián
|
|
|
- (He graduated from the
|
|
|
- University of
|
|
|
- California.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他是臺灣大學畢業的。 他是一九五六年臺灣大學畢業的。
|
|
|
-2. Tā shi Táiwān Dàxué bìyède. Tā shi yījiǔwǔliùnián Tǎiwān Dàxué
|
|
|
- bìyède.
|
|
|
- 一九五六年
|
|
|
- yījiǔwǔliùnián
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他是麻州大學畢業的。 他是一九六七年麻州大學畢業的。
|
|
|
-3. Tā shi Mázhōu Dàxué bìyède. Tā shi yījiǔliùqīnián Mázhōu Dàxué
|
|
|
- bìyède.
|
|
|
- 一九六七年
|
|
|
- yījiǔliùqīnián
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他是德州大學畢業的。 他是一九六二年德州大學畢業的。
|
|
|
-4. Tā shi Dézhōu Dàxué bìyède. Tā shi yījiǔliùèrnián Dézhōu Dàxué
|
|
|
- bìyède.
|
|
|
- 一九六二年
|
|
|
- yījiǔliùèrnián
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他是北京大學畢業的。 他是一九四七年北京大學畢業的。
|
|
|
-5. Tā shi Běijīng Dàxué bìyède. Tā shi yījiǔsìqīnián Běijīng Dàxué
|
|
|
- bìyède.
|
|
|
- 一九四七年
|
|
|
- yījiǔsìqīnián
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他是東北大學畢業的。 他是一九三零年東北大學畢業的。
|
|
|
-6. Tā shi Dōngběi Dàxué bìyède. Tā shi yījiǔsānlíngnián Dōngběi
|
|
|
- Dàxué bìyède.
|
|
|
- 一九三零年
|
|
|
- yījiǔsānlíngniān
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他是南京大學畢業的。 他是一九三七年南京大學畢業的。
|
|
|
-7. Tā shi Nánjīng Dàxué bìyède. Tā shi yījiǔsānqīnián Nánjīng Dàxué
|
|
|
- bìyède.
|
|
|
- 一九三七年
|
|
|
- yījiǔsānqīnián
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-E. Expansion Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我看見過這個字。 我看見過這個字，可是我不認識這個字。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Wǒ kànjianguo zhèige You: Wǒ kànjianguo zhèige zì, kěshi
|
|
|
- zì. wǒ bú rènshi zhèige zì.
|
|
|
- (I have seen this (I have seen this character
|
|
|
- character before.) before, but I don’t recognize
|
|
|
- it.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- OR Wǒ zhīdao tā shi shéi. Wǒ zhīdao tā shi shéi, kěshi wǒ
|
|
|
- (I know who he is.) bú rènshi ta.
|
|
|
- (I know who he is, but I’m not
|
|
|
- acquainted with him.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我看見過張小姐。 我看見過張小姐，可是我不認識張小姐。
|
|
|
-2. Wǒ kànjianguo Zhāng Xiǎojiě. Wǒ kànjianguo Zhāng Xiǎojiě, kěshi
|
|
|
- wǒ bú rènshi Zhāng Xiǎojiě.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我去過那個地方。 我去過那個地方，可是我不認識那個地方。
|
|
|
-3. Wǒ qùguo nèige dìfang. Wǒ qùguo nèige dìfang, kěshi wǒ bú
|
|
|
- rènshi nèige dìfang.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我知道他是李科長。 我知道他是李科長，可是我不認識李科長。
|
|
|
-4. Wǒ zhīdao tā shi Lǐ Kēzhǎng. Wǒ zhīdao tā shi Lí Kēzhǎng, kěshi
|
|
|
- wǒ bú rènshi Lǐ Kēzhǎng.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[256]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我看見過。 我看見過，可是我不認識。
|
|
|
-5. Wǒ kànjianguo. Wǒ kànjianguo, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我知道他是王小姐的哥哥。 我知道他是王小姐的哥哥，可是我不認識他。
|
|
|
-6. Wǒ zhīdào tā shi Wáng Xiǎojiěde Wǒ zhidao tā shi Wáng Xiaojiéde gēge,
|
|
|
- gēge. kěshi wǒ bú rènshi ta.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-F. Transformation Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 差不多半個鐘頭就到。 半個鐘頭左右就到。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Chàbuduō bànge zhōngtóu You: Bànge zhōngtóu zuǒyòu jiù dào
|
|
|
- jiù dào. (I’ll be there in about half
|
|
|
- (I’ll be there in an hour.)
|
|
|
- about half an hour.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 差不多要一個鐘頭。 要一個鐘頭左右。
|
|
|
-2. Chàbuduō yào yige zhōngtóu. Yào yige zhōngtōu zuǒyòu.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他住了差不多三天。 他住了三天左右。
|
|
|
-3. Tā zhùle chàbuduō sāntiān. Tā zhùle sāntiān zuǒyòu.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他差不多五十嵗了。 他五十嵗左右了。
|
|
|
-4. Tā chàbuduō wǔshísuì le. Tā wǔshísuì zuǒyòu le.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那本書差不多要十塊錢。 那本書要十塊錢左右。
|
|
|
-5. Nèiběn shū chàbuduō yào shíkuài Nèiběn shū yào shíkuài qián zuǒyòu.
|
|
|
- qián.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 差不多要走四十五分鐘。 要走四十五分鐘左右。
|
|
|
-6. Chàbuduō yào zǒu sìshiwǔfēn Yào zǒu sìshiwǔfēn zhōng zuǒyòu.
|
|
|
- zhōng.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 差不多三個星期。 三個星期左右。
|
|
|
-7. Chàbuduō sānge xīngqī. Sānge xīngqī zuǒyòu.
|
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-
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-
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|
-[257]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-G. Response Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你現在來嗎？ 我馬上來。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Nǐ xiànzài lái ma? You: Wǒ mǎshàng lái.
|
|
|
- (I’m coming right away.)
|
|
|
- 馬上
|
|
|
- (cue) mǎshàng
|
|
|
- (Are you coming now?)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他八點鐘來嗎。 差不多八點鐘來。
|
|
|
-2. Tā bādiǎn zhōng lái ma? Tā chàbuduō bādiǎn zhōng lái.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 差不多
|
|
|
- chàbuduō
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他十點鐘去嗎？ 他十點鐘左右去。
|
|
|
-3. Tā shídiǎn zhōng qù ma? Tā shídiǎn zhōng zuǒyòu qù.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 左右
|
|
|
- zuǒyòu
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你們現在走嗎？ 我們馬上走。
|
|
|
-4. Nǐmen xiànzài zǒu ma? Wǒmen mǎshàng zǒu.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 馬上
|
|
|
- mǎshàng
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他們八號去嗎？ 他們左右八號去。
|
|
|
-5. Tāmen báhào qù ma? Tāmen báhào zuǒyòu qù.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 左右
|
|
|
- zuǒyòu
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他們九點鐘來嗎。 他們差不多九點鐘來。
|
|
|
-6. Tāmen jiǔdiǎn zhōng lái ma? Tāmen chàbuduō jiǔdiǎn zhōng lái。
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 差不多
|
|
|
- chàbuduō
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你十號在紐約嗎？ 我十號左右在紐約。
|
|
|
-7. Nǐ shíhào zài Niǔ Yuē ma? Wǒ shíhào zuǒyòu zài Niù Yuē.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 左右
|
|
|
- zuǒyòu
|
|
|
-
|
|
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-
|
|
|
-[258]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-UNIT 8
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-REFERENCE LIST
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 喂，這是禮賓司。
|
|
|
-1. B: Wài, zhèi shi Lǐbīnsī. Hello. This is the Protocol
|
|
|
- Department.
|
|
|
- 喂，我是萊登大使的秘書。
|
|
|
- A: Wèi, wǒ shi Láidēng Dàshǐde Hello. I am Ambassador Leyden’s
|
|
|
- mìshū. secretary.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 大使接著你們的請帖了。
|
|
|
-2. A: Dàshǐ jiēzháo nǐmende The ambassador received your
|
|
|
- qǐngtiě le. invitation.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 很可惜因爲他有事，八月九號不能來。
|
|
|
-3 A: Hěn kěxī, yīnwei tā yǒu Unfortunately, because he has a
|
|
|
- shì, Báyuè jiǔ hào bù previous engagement, he cannot
|
|
|
- néng lái. come on August 9.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 請你轉告譙部長.
|
|
|
- A: Qǐng ni zhuǎngào Qiáo Bùzhǎng. Please inform Minister Qiáo.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 很抱歉。
|
|
|
- A: Hěn bàoqiàn. I’m very sorry.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 很遺憾，萊登大使不能來。
|
|
|
-4. B: Hěn yíhàn, Láidēng Dàshǐ We very much regret that Ambassador
|
|
|
- bù néng lái. Leyden cannot come.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我替你轉告一下。
|
|
|
- B: Wǒ tì ni zhuǎngào yíxià. I will pass on the message for you.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 馬明理我們有幾個同學星期六計劃到
|
|
|
- 長城去玩兒。
|
|
|
-5. A: Mǎ Mínglí, wǒmen yǒu jige Mǎ Mínglī, a few of us students are
|
|
|
- tóngxué Xīngqīliù jìhua planning to go to the Great Wall
|
|
|
- dào Chángchéng qù wánr. Saturday for an outing.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你們能不能一起去？
|
|
|
- A: Nǐmen néng bu néng yìqǐ Can you go with us?
|
|
|
- qù?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 真不巧。
|
|
|
-6. B: Zhēn bù qiǎo. We really couldn’t make that.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 那天我們有事，沒辦法去。
|
|
|
- B: Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shì, We have a previous engagement that
|
|
|
- méi bànfa qù. day; we have no way of going.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 希望以後在找機會聚一聚吧。
|
|
|
-7. A: Xīwang yǐhòu zài zhǎo I hope that late we will find an
|
|
|
- jīhui jùyijù ba. other opportunity to get together.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 好啊。
|
|
|
- B: Hǎo a. Okay.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
|
|
|
-(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-8. dàjiā 大家 everybody, everyone
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-9. jiēdào 接到 to receive (alternate form of
|
|
|
- jiēzháo)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-10. tóngshì 同事 fellow worker, colleague
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-11. yīnggāi 應該 should, ought to, must
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[259]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-VOCABULARY
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-bànfa 辦法 method, way
|
|
|
-bàoqiàn 抱歉 to be sorry
|
|
|
-bùzhǎng 部長 minister (of a government
|
|
|
- organization)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Chángchéng 長城 the Great Wall
|
|
|
-dàjiā 大家 everybody, everyone
|
|
|
-jiē 姐 to receive (mail, messages, guests,
|
|
|
- phone calls)
|
|
|
-jiēdào 接到 to receive
|
|
|
-jù 聚 to assemble
|
|
|
-jùyijù 聚一聚 to get together
|
|
|
-kěxī 可惜 unfortunately, what a pity
|
|
|
-Lǐbīnsī 禮賓司 Protocol Department (PRC)
|
|
|
-méi bànfa 沒辦法 there’s no way out, it can’t
|
|
|
- be helped
|
|
|
-mìshū 秘書 secretary, executive assistant
|
|
|
-qiǎo 巧 to be timely, to be opportune
|
|
|
-qǐngtiě (qìngtiē) 請帖 written invitation
|
|
|
-tì 替 substituting for, in place of
|
|
|
-tóngshì 同事 fellow worker, colleague
|
|
|
-tóngxué 同學 classmate
|
|
|
-yíhàn 遺憾 to regret (that something desirable
|
|
|
- will not happen)
|
|
|
-yīnggāi 應該 should, ought to, must
|
|
|
-zhuǎngào 轉告 to pass on a message, to inform
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(introduced on C-2 tape)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-cānjiā 參加 to participate in, to join, to attend
|
|
|
-dào xǐ 道喜 to congratulate
|
|
|
-dìèrtiān 第二天 the next day
|
|
|
-jīngjibù 經濟部 Ministry of Economics
|
|
|
-jūnshì yǎnxí 軍事演習 military maneuvers
|
|
|
-láodòng mófàn 勞動模範 model worker
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-nánbù 南部 the southern part (of the island),
|
|
|
- the south
|
|
|
-shàngxiào 上校 colonel
|
|
|
-tīngdechūlái 聼得出來 to be able to recognize what
|
|
|
- something is from the sound
|
|
|
-tóngxuéhuì 同學會 alumni association (literally,
|
|
|
- “fellow-student group”)
|
|
|
-tōngzhī 同志 (written) announcement, notification
|
|
|
-xièxie tāde yāoqǐng 謝謝他的邀請 to thank him for his invitation
|
|
|
-zhèngzhi xuéxí 政治學習 political study session
|
|
|
-zhǔchí jiéhūn 主持結婚 to preside at a marriage ceremony
|
|
|
- (i.e., to give the bride away)
|
|
|
-zǒng jīnglǐ 總經理 general manager (chief executive
|
|
|
- officer)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-(introduced, in Communication Game)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-dàngāo 蛋糕 cake
|
|
|
-qìsi 起司 cheese
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[261]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-REFERENCE NOTES
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 喂，這是禮賓司。
|
|
|
-1. B: Wài, zhèi shi Lǐbīnsī. Hello. This is the Protocol
|
|
|
- Department.
|
|
|
- 喂，我是萊登大使的秘書。
|
|
|
- A: Wèi, wǒ shi Láidēng Dàshǐde Hello. I am Ambassador Leyden’s
|
|
|
- mìshū. secretary.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on Ko. 1
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Lǐbīnsī, meaning “protocol department,” is made up of lǐ, “ceremony”;
|
|
|
-bīn, “honored guests”; and sī, “department.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Mìshū means “secretary” in two senses: 1) a high-ranking official
|
|
|
-2) a clerk-typist.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-2. A: Dàshǐ jiēzháo nǐmende The ambassador received your
|
|
|
- qǐngtiě le. invitation.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 2
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-The verb jiē, “to receive,” may be used for receiving guests, mail,
|
|
|
-messages, and phone calls.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Jiēzháo (jiēdao), “to receive,” is a compound verb of result. The endings
|
|
|
--zháo and -dào mean approximately the same thing: “to successfully obtain
|
|
|
-something” Jiēzháo and jiēdao occur in four ways: with le or méi (describing
|
|
|
-ACTUAL situations) and with -de- or -bu- (describing POTENTIAL situations)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我昨天去火車站接他，可是沒接着/接到。
|
|
|
- Wǒ zuótiān qù huǒchēzhàn jiē Yesterday I went to the train station
|
|
|
- ta, kěshi méi jiēzháo/jiēdào. to get him, but I missed him.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你早一點兒去接他，就接得着。
|
|
|
- Nǐ zǎo yìdiànr qù jiē ta, If you go a little earlier, (then)
|
|
|
- jiù jiēdezháo/jiēdedào. you can get him.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 明天要是來晚了就接不着/接不到他的電話。
|
|
|
- Míngtiān yàoshi láiwǎnle If I am late tomorrow, (then) I won’t
|
|
|
- jiù jiēbuzháo/jiēbudào (be able to) receive his phone call.
|
|
|
- tāde diànhuà.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Qingtiě refers to a written invitation. The word is also pronounced
|
|
|
-qìngtiē.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 很可惜因爲他有事，八月九號不能來。
|
|
|
-3 A: Hěn kěxī, yīnwei tā yǒu Unfortunately, because he has a
|
|
|
- shì, Báyuè jiǔ hào bù previous engagement, he cannot
|
|
|
- néng lái. come on August 9.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 請你轉告譙部長.
|
|
|
- A: Qǐng ni zhuǎngào Qiáo Bùzhǎng. Please inform Minister Qiáo.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 很抱歉。
|
|
|
- A: Hěn bàoqiàn. I’m very sorry.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 3
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Kěxī may be used as an exclamation: Zhēn kěxī! “That’s really too bad!”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Zhuǎngào means “to pass along [word of something].” Zhuǎn literally
|
|
|
-means “to turn” or “to transmit.” Gào means “to tell,” as in gàosu.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Bàoqiàn is an adjectival verb that means “to be sorry,” “to feel
|
|
|
-apologetic” (e.g., for not fulfilling one’s social obligations). Literally,
|
|
|
-bào means “to embrace [a feeling],” “to harbor [a feeling].” Qiàn means
|
|
|
-“apologetic feelings,” “guilt feelings.”
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 很遺憾，萊登大使不能來。
|
|
|
-4. B: Hěn yíhàn, Láidēng Dàshǐ We very much regret that Ambassador
|
|
|
- bù néng lái. Leyden cannot come.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我替你轉告一下。
|
|
|
- B: Wǒ tì ni zhuǎngào yíxià. I will pass on the message for you.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 4
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Yíhàn is a formal term used to express disappointment or regret that
|
|
|
-something desirable will not happen.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Tì, “for,” “in place of,” is a prepositional verb meaning in place of
|
|
|
-another, or in another’s stead.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 今天我替你教書。
|
|
|
- Jīntiān wǒ tì nǐ jiāo shū. I will teach for you today, (i.e.,
|
|
|
- in your place)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我替你去。
|
|
|
- Wǒ tì nǐ qù. I will go for you. (i.e., instead
|
|
|
- of you)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-To make a sentence containing tì negative, place bù or méi in front of the
|
|
|
-prepositional verb.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我不要替你去買菜·
|
|
|
- Wǒ bú yào tì ni qù mǎi cài. I don’t want to go to buy groceries
|
|
|
- for you.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他沒替我來講話。
|
|
|
- Tā méi tì wǒ lái jiǎng huà. He did not come to speak in my place.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Both gěi and tì may be translated as “for.” Gěi, having a wider range of
|
|
|
-usage, would seem to overlap in some instances with tì. The more exact
|
|
|
-meaning of tì may be used to clarify a situation.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[263]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我給你買菜。
|
|
|
- Wǒ gěi ni mai cài. I will buy groceries for you.
|
|
|
- (WHO PAYS? DID you VOLUNTEER ONLY
|
|
|
- TO SHOP, OR TO PAY ALSO?)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我替你買菜。
|
|
|
- Wǒ tì ni mǎi cài. I will buy groceries for you.
|
|
|
- (CLARIFIED: you HAVE VOLUNTEERED ONLY
|
|
|
- TO SHOP, NOT TO PAY.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Yíxià, “a bit,” is not translated, in No. 4. This word, adds to the action
|
|
|
-in the sentence a casual feeling, similar to the effect of reduplicating a
|
|
|
-verb. (Notice that this use of yíxià is different from previous examples,
|
|
|
-where the word meant “for a little while.”)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 馬明理我們有幾個同學星期六計劃到
|
|
|
- 長城去玩兒。
|
|
|
-5. A: Mǎ Mínglí, wǒmen yǒu jige Mǎ Mínglī, a few of us students are
|
|
|
- tóngxué Xīngqīliù jìhua planning to go to the Great Wall
|
|
|
- dào Chángchéng qù wánr. Saturday for an outing.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你們能不能一起去？
|
|
|
- A: Nǐmen néng bu néng yìqǐ Can you go with us?
|
|
|
- qù?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 5
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Tongxué means “fellow student” or “graduate of the same institution.”
|
|
|
-“Fellow worker” or “colleague” is tóngshì.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Chángchěng: Chang means “long,” and chéng is an old word for “city
|
|
|
-wall.” The full name of the Great Wall is Wànlǐ Chángchěng, literally
|
|
|
-“10,000 lǐ-long wall.”*
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-*One lǐ is approximately one third of a mile.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Néng, kéyi, and huì compared: All three of these auxiliary verbs—
|
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-and therefore state verbs—mean “can” to some extent.
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-
|
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-The core meaning of néng is “can, “to be able to,” “to be capable of.”
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-In some cases, néng may also mean “may,” “to be permitted,” “could be/
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-is possible,” and “to know how to
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-
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- 我的頭疼了，不能看書。
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- Wǒde tóu téng, bù néng kàn My head aches; I can’t read.
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- shū.
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-
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- 上課的時候，不能説話。
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- Shàng kède shíhou, bù néng Talking is not permitted during
|
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- shuō huà. class.
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-
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- 芝加哥十一月就能下雪。
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- Zhījiāgē Shíyīyuè jiù néng It can snow in November in Chicago.
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- xià xuě. (POSSIBILITY)
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-
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- 他真能説話。
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- Tā zhēn néng shuō huà. He really knows how to talk.
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-
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-The core meaning of kéyi is “can,” “may,” “to be permitted to.” Kéyi may
|
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-also mean “could be/is possible.” The permission implied by kéyi may come
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-from an outside authority or may be self-imposed.
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-
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-[264]
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-
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- 你可以走了。
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- Nǐ kéyi zǒu le. You may leave.
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-
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- 從這個門進去，可以嗎？
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- Cóng zhèige mén jìnqu, kéyi May one go in through this door?
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- ma?
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-
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- 那兒的飯可以吃。
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- Nàrde fàn kéyi chī. The food there may be eaten, (i.e.,
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- it is possible to eat it)
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-
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- 我不舒服，不可以游泳。
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- Wǒ bù shūfu, bù kéyi yóuyǒng. I don’t feel good; I can’t go swimming.
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- (i.e., the speaker decides
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- that he should not go)
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-
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-The core meaning of huì is “to know how to,” “can.” Huì is often used for
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-an activity that was learned, in contrast to néng for activities that “can
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-be done” because of a person’s physical condition (“Can she get out of bed
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-yet?” Tā néng bu néng xià chuáng?). The other main use of huì is to indicate
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-possibility. Here it overlaps with both néng and kéyi in meaning “could be/
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-is possible.”
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-
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- 你的兒子會走路了嗎？
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- Nǐde érzi huì zǒu lù le ma? Can your son walk now?
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|
- (BABY LEARNING TO WALK)
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- 你會説英文嗎？
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- Nǐ huì shuō Yīngwén ma? Can you speak English?
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-
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- 明天會下雨。
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- Míngtiān huì xià yǔ. It might/will rain tomorrow.
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-
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- 他不會不來。
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- Tā bú huì bù lái. It is not possible that he won’t come.
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-
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-
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- 真不巧。
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-6. B: Zhēn bù qiǎo. We really couldn’t make that.
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-
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- 那天我們有事，沒辦法去。
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- B: Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shì, We have a previous engagement that
|
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- méi bànfa qù. day; we have no way of going.
|
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|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on No. 6
|
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|
-
|
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|
-Bù qiǎo literally means “inopportune,” “not timely.”
|
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-
|
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|
-Méi bànfa: Bànfa means “method,” “way.” Within a sentence, méi bànfa
|
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|
-is used as “there is no way to...,” “there is no way that....” Used
|
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|
-independently, méi bànfa means “nothing can be done,” “it can’t be helped,”
|
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|
-“there is no way out.”
|
|
|
-
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|
-[265]
|
|
|
-
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|
- 希望以後在找機會聚一聚吧。
|
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|
-7. A: Xīwang yǐhòu zài zhǎo I hope that late we will find an
|
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|
- jīhui jùyijù ba. other opportunity to get together.
|
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|
-
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- 好啊。
|
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|
- B: Hǎo a. Okay.
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-
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-8. dàjiā 大家 everybody, everyone
|
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|
-9. jiēdao 接到 to receive (alternate form for
|
|
|
- jiēzhāo)
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|
-10. tóngshì 同事 fellow worker, colleague
|
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|
-11. yīnggāi 應該 should, ought to, must
|
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|
-
|
|
|
-Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-Literally, dàjiā means “big family.” When dàjiā is the subject of a
|
|
|
-sentence, dōu is often placed before the verb.
|
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|
-
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- 大家都知道他是誰。
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|
- Dàjiā dōu zhīdao tā shi shéi. Everyone knows who he is.
|
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|
-
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- 謝謝大家。
|
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|
- Xièxie dàjiā. Thank you all.
|
|
|
-
|
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|
- 請大家坐下來。
|
|
|
- Qǐng dàjiā zuòxialai. Would everyone please sit down.
|
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|
-
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|
- 我們大家一起去吧。
|
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|
- Wǒmen dàjiā yìqǐ qù ba. Let’s all go together.
|
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|
-
|
|
|
-Yīnggāi is an auxiliary verb which is followed by another verb in a
|
|
|
-sentence. Only bù is used to make yīnggāi negative.
|
|
|
-
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|
|
- 不謝，這是我們應該做的事。
|
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|
- Bú xiè, zhèi shi wǒmen yīnggāi Don’t thank us. This is something
|
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|
- zuòde shi. we should be doing.
|
|
|
-
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|
- 這件事情很要緊，你應該馬上去辦。
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|
- Zhèijiàn shiqing hěn yàojin, This is a very important thing; you
|
|
|
- nǐ yīnggāi mǎshàng qù bàn. should (go) take care of it right
|
|
|
- away.
|
|
|
- 一個大學畢業的人，不應該有這樣的想法。
|
|
|
- Yíge dàxué bìyède rén, bù Someone who has graduated from
|
|
|
- yīnggāi yòu zhèiyangde college shouldn’t think this way.
|
|
|
- xiǎngfa.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[266]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-DRILLS
|
|
|
-
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|
|
-A. Expansion Drill
|
|
|
-
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|
|
- 他在外交部禮賓司工作。他的辦公室在
|
|
|
- 他在外交部禮賓司工作。 五樓。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Tā zài Wàijiāobù You: Tā zài Wàijiāobù Lǐbīnsī gōngzuò.
|
|
|
- Lǐbīnsī gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài wǔlóu.
|
|
|
- (He works at the Ministry of
|
|
|
- 五樓 Foreign Affairs [in] the
|
|
|
- (cue) wǔlóu Protocol Department. His
|
|
|
- (He works at the office is on the fifth floor.)
|
|
|
- Ministry of Foreign
|
|
|
- Affairs [in] the
|
|
|
- Protocol Department.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他在這兒工作。 他在這兒工作。他的辦公室在七樓。
|
|
|
-2. Tā zài zhèr gōngzuò. Tā zài zhèr gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì
|
|
|
- zài qīlóu.
|
|
|
- 七樓
|
|
|
- qīlóu
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他在加拿大大使館工作。 他在加拿大大使館工作。他的辦公室在樓上。
|
|
|
-3. Tā zài Jiānádà Dàshiguǎn gōngzuò. Tā zài Jiānádà Dàshiguǎn gōngzuò.
|
|
|
- Tāde bàngōngshì zài lóushàng.
|
|
|
- 樓上
|
|
|
- lóushàng
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他在北京工作。 他在北京工作。他的辦公室在光華路。
|
|
|
-4. Tā zài Běijīng gōngzuò. Tā zài Běijīng gōngzuò. Tāde
|
|
|
- bàngōngshì zài Guānghuá Lù.
|
|
|
- 光華路
|
|
|
- Guānghuá Lù
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 張同志在上海工作。 張同志在上海工作。他的辦公室在南京路。
|
|
|
-5. Zhāng Tóngzhì zài Shànghǎi Zhāng Tóngzhì zài Shànghǎi gōngzuò.
|
|
|
- gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài Nánjīng Lù.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 南京路
|
|
|
- Nánjīng Lù
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 王女士在銀行工作。 王女士在銀行工作。她的辦公室二樓。
|
|
|
-6. Wáng Nǚshì zài yínháng gōngzuò. Wáng Nǚshì zài yínháng gōngzuò.
|
|
|
- Tāde bàngōngshì zài èrlóu.
|
|
|
- 二樓
|
|
|
- èrlóu
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 魏少校在物管処工作。 魏少校在物管処工作。他的辦公室在三樓。
|
|
|
-7. Wèi Shàoxiào zài Wǔguānchù Wèi Shàoxiào zài Wǔguānchù gōngzuò.
|
|
|
- gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài sānlóu.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 三樓
|
|
|
- sānlóu
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-B. Response Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 大使接着請帖了嗎？ 大使還沒接着請帖
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Dàshǐ jiēzháo qǐngtiě You: Dàshǐ hái méi jiēzháo qǐngtiě.
|
|
|
- le ma? (The ambassador has not received
|
|
|
- the invitation yet.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- (cue) not yet
|
|
|
- (Has the ambassador
|
|
|
- received the invitation
|
|
|
- yet?)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他們都接着請帖了嗎？ 他們沒都接着請帖。
|
|
|
-2. Tāmen dōu jiēzháo qǐngtiě le Tāmen méi dōu jiēzháo qǐngtiě.
|
|
|
- ma?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- not all
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你們接着部長的請帖了嗎？ 我們接着部長的請帖了。
|
|
|
-3. Nǐmen jiēzháo Bùzhāngde qǐngtiě Wǒmen jiēzháo Bùzhāngde qǐngtiě le.
|
|
|
- le ma?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- yes
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他們接着大使館的請帖了嗎？ 他們已經接着大使館的請帖了。
|
|
|
-4. Tāmen jiēzháo Dàshiguǎnde Tāmen yǐjīng jiēzháo Dàshiguǎnde
|
|
|
- qǐngtiě le ma? qǐngtiě le.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- already
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[267]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你們接着大使館的請帖了嗎？ 我們還沒接着大使館的請帖。
|
|
|
-5. Nǐmen jiēzháo Dàshiguǎnde qǐngtiě Wǒmen hai méi jiēzháo Dàshiguǎnde
|
|
|
- le ma? qǐngtiě.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- not yet
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他接着請帖了嗎？ 他沒接着請帖。
|
|
|
-6. Tā jiēzháo qǐngtiě le ma? Tā méi jiēzháo qǐngtiě.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- no
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你接着物管処請帖了嗎？ 我接着物管処請帖了。
|
|
|
-7. Nǐ jiēzháo Wǔguānchùde qǐngtiě Wǒ jiēzháo Wǔguānchùde qǐngtiě le.
|
|
|
- le ma?
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- yes
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-C. Expansion Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他不能來。 很可惜，他不能來。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Tā bù néng lái. You: Hěn kěxī, tā bù néng lái.
|
|
|
- (Unfortunately, he cannot
|
|
|
- 可惜 come.)
|
|
|
- (cue) kěxī
|
|
|
- (He cannot come.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他學中國話學得不很好。 很可惜，他學中國話學得不很好。
|
|
|
-2. Tā xué Zhōngguo huà xuéde bù Hěn kěxī, tā xué Zhōngguo huà xuéde
|
|
|
- hěn hǎo. bù hěn hǎo.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 可惜
|
|
|
- kěxī
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他沒來。 很遺憾，他沒來。
|
|
|
-3. Tā méi lái. Hěn yíhàn, tā méi lái.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 遺憾
|
|
|
- yíhàn
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他們不能都來。 很抱歉，他們不能都來。
|
|
|
-4. Tāmen bù néng dōu lái. Hěn bàoqiàn, tāmen bù néng dōu lái.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 抱歉
|
|
|
- bàoqiàn
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他們都不來。 很可惜，他們都不來。
|
|
|
-5. Tāmen dōu bù lái. Hěn kěxī, tāmen dōu bù lái.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 可惜
|
|
|
- kěxī
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他們都不能去。 很抱歉，他們都不能去。
|
|
|
-6. Tāmen dōu bù néng qù. Hěn bàoqiàn, tāmen dōu bù néng qù.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 抱歉
|
|
|
- bàoqiàn
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 她好沒去。 很遺憾。她好沒去。
|
|
|
-7. Tā hái méi qù. Hěn yíhàn, tā hái méi qù.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 遺憾
|
|
|
- yíhàn
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-D. Expansion Drill
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 請你轉告張部長。 請你替我轉告張部長。
|
|
|
-1. Speaker: Qǐng ni zhuǎngào Zhāng You: Qǐng ni tì wǒ zhuǎngào Zhāng
|
|
|
- Bùzhǎng. Bùzhǎng.
|
|
|
- (Please inform Minister Zhāng
|
|
|
- 我 for me.)
|
|
|
- (cue) wǒ
|
|
|
- (Please inform
|
|
|
- Minister Zhāng.)
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我轉告張部長了。 我替你轉告張部長了。
|
|
|
-2. Wǒ zhuǎngào Zhāng Bùzhǎng le. Wǒ tì nǐ zhuǎngào Zhāng Bùzhǎng le.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你
|
|
|
- nǐ
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他還沒轉告李科長。 他還沒替你轉告李科長。
|
|
|
-3. Tā hái méi zhuǎngào Lǐ Kēzhǎng. Tā hái méi tì nǐ zhuǎngào Lǐ
|
|
|
- Kēzhǎng.
|
|
|
- 你
|
|
|
- nǐ
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他不能轉告李科長。 他不能替我轉告李科長。
|
|
|
-4. Tā bù néng zhuǎngào Lǐ Kēzhǎng. Tā bù néng tì wǒ zhuǎngào Lǐ
|
|
|
- Kēzhǎng.
|
|
|
- 我
|
|
|
- wǒ
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-[268]
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我已經轉告大使了。 我已經替你經轉告大使了。
|
|
|
-5. Wǒ yǐjīng zhuǎngào dàshǐ le. Wǒ yǐjīng tì nǐ zhuǎngào dàshǐ le.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你
|
|
|
- nǐ
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 我明天就轉告大使。 我明天就替你轉告大使。
|
|
|
-6. Wǒ míngtiān jiù zhuǎngào dàshǐ. Wǒ míngtiān jiù tì nǐ zhuǎngào
|
|
|
- dàshǐ.
|
|
|
- 你
|
|
|
- nǐ
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 他是昨天轉告大使的。 他是昨天替你轉告大使的。
|
|
|
-7. Tā shi zuótiān zhuǎngào Tā shi zuótiān tì nǐ zhuǎngào
|
|
|
- dàshǐde. dàshǐde.
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
- 你
|
|
|
- nǐ
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-E. Transformation Drill
|
|
|
-
|
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- 他們明天來。 他們明天一起來嗎？
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-1. Speaker: Tǎmen míngtiān lái. You: Tǎmen míngtiān yìqǐ lái ma?
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- (cue) together (Are they coming together
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- (They are coming tomorrow?)
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- tomorrow.)
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-
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- 他們昨天來了。 他們昨天是一起來的嗎？
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- OR Tǎmen zuótiān lái le. Tǎmen zuótiān shi yìqǐ láide
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- (cue) together ma?
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- (They came yesterday.) (Did they come together
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- yesterday?)
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-
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- 他明天走。 他明天一個人走嗎？
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-2. Tā míngtiān zǒu. Tā míngtiān yíge rén zǒu ma?
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-
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- alone
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-
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- 他昨天走了。 他昨天是一個人走的嗎？
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-3. Tā zuótiān zǒu le. Tā zuótiān shi yíge rén zǒude ma?
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-
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- alone
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-
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- 王同志明天去南京。 王同志明天坐火車去南京嗎？
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-4. Wáng Tóngzhì míngtiān qù Wáng Tóngzhì míngtiān zuò huǒchē qù
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- Nánjīng. Nánjīng ma?
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-
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- by train
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-
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- 王同志星期一去上海了。 王同志星期一是坐飛機去上海的嗎？
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-5. Wáng Tóngzhì Xīngqīyī qù Wáng Tóngzhì Xīngqīyī shi zuò fēijī
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- Shànghǎi le. qù Shànghǎide ma?
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-
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- by plane
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-
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- 他去了。 他是一個人去的嗎？
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-6. Tā qù le. Tǎ shi yíge rén qùde ma?
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-
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- alone
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-
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-[269]
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-
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-
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-F. Substitution Drill
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-
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- 那天我們有事，不能去。 那天我們有事，沒辦法去。
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-1. Speaker: Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shì, You: Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shì, méi
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- bù néng qù. bànfa qù.
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-
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- (cue) no way of going (That day we have a previous
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- (That day we have a engagement; we have no way
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- previous engagement; of going.)
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- we cannot go.)
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-
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- 那天我們有事，沒辦法去。 那天我們有事，不能一起去
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-2. Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shì, méi Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shì, bù néng yìqǐ
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- bànfa qù. qù.
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-
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- cannot go together
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-
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- 那天我們有事，不能一起去。 那天我們有事，不能都去。
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-3. Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shi, bù néng Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shì, bù néng dōu
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- yiqǐ qù. qù.
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-
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- not all of us can go
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-
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- 那天我們有事，不能都去。 那天我們有事，都不能去。
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-4. Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shì, bù néng Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shì, dōu bù néng
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- dōu qù. qù.
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-
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- none of us can go
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-
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- 那天我們有事，都不能去。 那天我們有事，沒去。
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-5. Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shi, dōu bù Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shì, méi qù.
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- néng qù.
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-
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- did not go
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-
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- 那天我們有事，沒去。 那天我們有事，沒都去。
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-6. Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shì, méi qù. Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shì, méi dōu qù.
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-
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- not all of us went
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-
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- 那天我們有事，沒都去。
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-7. Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shi, méi dōu
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- qù.
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-GPO 689—101|/8721
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