Demipuppet
/
FSI-Chinese-text


			
				
					
						
						
							1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465666768697071727374757677787980818283848586878889909192939495969798991001011021031041051061071081091101111121131141151161171181191201211221231241251261271281291301311321331341351361371381391401411421431441451461471481491501511521531541551561571581591601611621631641651661671681691701711721731741751761771781791801811821831841851861871881891901911921931941951961971981992002012022032042052062072082092102112122132142152162172182192202212222232242252262272282292302312322332342352362372382392402412422432442452462472482492502512522532542552562572582592602612622632642652662672682692702712722732742752762772782792802812822832842852862872882892902912922932942952962972982993003013023033043053063073083093103113123133143153163173183193203213223233243253263273283293303313323333343353363373383393403413423433443453463473483493503513523533543553563573583593603613623633643653663673683693703713723733743753763773783793803813823833843853863873883893903913923933943953963973983994004014024034044054064074084094104114124134144154164174184194204214224234244254264274284294304314324334344354364374384394404414424434444454464474484494504514524534544554564574584594604614624634644654664674684694704714724734744754764774784794804814824834844854864874884894904914924934944954964974984995005015025035045055065075085095105115125135145155165175185195205215225235245255265275285295305315325335345355365375385395405415425435445455465475485495505515525535545555565575585595605615625635645655665675685695705715725735745755765775785795805815825835845855865875885895905915925935945955965975985996006016026036046056066076086096106116126136146156166176186196206216226236246256266276286296306316326336346356366376386396406416426436446456466476486496506516526536546556566576586596606616626636646656666676686696706716726736746756766776786796806816826836846856866876886896906916926936946956966976986997007017027037047057067077087097107117127137147157167177187197207217227237247257267277287297307317327337347357367377387397407417427437447457467477487497507517527537547557567577587597607617627637647657667677687697707717727737747757767777787797807817827837847857867877887897907917927937947957967977987998008018028038048058068078088098108118128138148158168178188198208218228238248258268278288298308318328338348358368378388398408418428438448458468478488498508518528538548558568578588598608618628638648658668678688698708718728738748758768778788798808818828838848858868878888898908918928938948958968978988999009019029039049059069079089099109119129139149159169179189199209219229239249259269279289299309319329339349359369379389399409419429439449459469479489499509519529539549559569579589599609619629639649659669679689699709719729739749759769779789799809819829839849859869879889899909919929939949959969979989991000100110021003100410051006100710081009101010111012101310141015101610171018101910201021102210231024102510261027102810291030103110321033103410351036103710381039104010411042104310441045104610471048104910501051105210531054105510561057105810591060106110621063106410651066106710681069107010711072107310741075107610771078107910801081108210831084108510861087108810891090109110921093109410951096109710981099110011011102110311041105110611071108110911101111111211131114111511161117111811191120112111221123112411251126112711281129113011311132113311341135113611371138113911401141114211431144114511461147114811491150115111521153115411551156115711581159116011611162116311641165116611671168116911701171117211731174117511761177117811791180118111821183118411851186118711881189119011911192119311941195119611971198119912001201120212031204120512061207120812091210121112121213121412151216121712181219122012211222122312241225122612271228122912301231123212331234123512361237123812391240124112421243124412451246124712481249125012511252125312541255125612571258125912601261126212631264126512661267126812691270127112721273127412751276127712781279128012811282128312841285128612871288128912901291129212931294129512961297129812991300130113021303130413051306130713081309131013111312131313141315131613171318131913201321132213231324132513261327132813291330133113321333133413351336133713381339134013411342134313441345134613471348134913501351135213531354135513561357135813591360136113621363136413651366136713681369137013711372137313741375137613771378137913801381138213831384138513861387138813891390139113921393139413951396139713981399140014011402140314041405140614071408140914101411141214131414141514161417141814191420142114221423142414251426142714281429143014311432143314341435143614371438143914401441144214431444144514461447144814491450145114521453145414551456145714581459146014611462146314641465146614671468146914701471147214731474147514761477147814791480148114821483148414851486148714881489149014911492149314941495149614971498149915001501150215031504150515061507150815091510151115121513151415151516151715181519152015211522152315241525152615271528152915301531153215331534153515361537153815391540154115421543154415451546154715481549155015511552155315541555155615571558155915601561156215631564156515661567156815691570157115721573157415751576157715781579158015811582158315841585158615871588158915901591159215931594159515961597159815991600160116021603160416051606160716081609161016111612161316141615161616171618161916201621162216231624162516261627162816291630163116321633163416351636163716381639164016411642164316441645164616471648164916501651165216531654165516561657165816591660166116621663166416651666166716681669167016711672167316741675167616771678167916801681168216831684168516861687168816891690169116921693169416951696169716981699170017011702170317041705170617071708170917101711171217131714171517161717171817191720172117221723172417251726172717281729173017311732173317341735173617371738173917401741174217431744174517461747174817491750175117521753175417551756175717581759176017611762176317641765176617671768176917701771177217731774177517761777177817791780178117821783178417851786178717881789179017911792179317941795179617971798179918001801180218031804180518061807180818091810181118121813181418151816181718181819182018211822182318241825182618271828182918301831183218331834183518361837183818391840184118421843184418451846184718481849185018511852185318541855185618571858185918601861186218631864186518661867186818691870187118721873187418751876187718781879188018811882188318841885188618871888188918901891189218931894189518961897189818991900190119021903190419051906190719081909191019111912191319141915191619171918191919201921192219231924192519261927192819291930193119321933193419351936193719381939194019411942194319441945194619471948194919501951195219531954195519561957195819591960196119621963196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026202720282029203020312032203320342035203620372038203920402041204220432044204520462047204820492050205120522053205420552056205720582059206020612062206320642065206620672068206920702071207220732074207520762077207820792080208120822083208420852086208720882089209020912092209320942095209620972098209921002101210221032104210521062107210821092110211121122113211421152116211721182119212021212122212321242125212621272128212921302131213221332134213521362137213821392140214121422143214421452146214721482149215021512152215321542155215621572158215921602161216221632164216521662167216821692170217121722173217421752176217721782179218021812182218321842185218621872188218921902191219221932194219521962197219821992200220122022203220422052206220722082209221022112212221322142215221622172218221922202221222222232224222522262227222822292230223122322233223422352236223722382239224022412242224322442245224622472248224922502251225222532254225522562257225822592260226122622263226422652266226722682269227022712272227322742275227622772278227922802281228222832284228522862287228822892290229122922293229422952296229722982299230023012302230323042305230623072308230923102311231223132314231523162317231823192320232123222323232423252326232723282329233023312332233323342335233623372338233923402341234223432344234523462347234823492350235123522353235423552356235723582359236023612362236323642365236623672368236923702371237223732374237523762377237823792380238123822383238423852386238723882389239023912392239323942395239623972398239924002401240224032404240524062407240824092410241124122413241424152416241724182419242024212422242324242425242624272428242924302431243224332434243524362437243824392440244124422443244424452446244724482449245024512452245324542455245624572458245924602461246224632464246524662467246824692470247124722473247424752476247724782479248024812482248324842485248624872488248924902491249224932494249524962497249824992500250125022503250425052506250725082509251025112512251325142515251625172518251925202521252225232524252525262527252825292530253125322533253425352536253725382539254025412542254325442545254625472548254925502551255225532554255525562557255825592560256125622563256425652566256725682569257025712572257325742575257625772578257925802581258225832584258525862587258825892590259125922593259425952596259725982599260026012602260326042605260626072608260926102611261226132614261526162617261826192620262126222623262426252626262726282629263026312632263326342635263626372638263926402641264226432644264526462647264826492650265126522653265426552656265726582659266026612662266326642665266626672668266926702671267226732674267526762677267826792680268126822683268426852686268726882689269026912692269326942695269626972698269927002701270227032704270527062707270827092710271127122713271427152716271727182719272027212722272327242725272627272728272927302731273227332734273527362737273827392740274127422743274427452746274727482749275027512752275327542755275627572758275927602761276227632764276527662767276827692770277127722773277427752776277727782779278027812782278327842785278627872788278927902791279227932794279527962797279827992800280128022803280428052806280728082809281028112812281328142815281628172818281928202821282228232824282528262827282828292830283128322833283428352836283728382839284028412842284328442845284628472848284928502851285228532854285528562857285828592860286128622863286428652866286728682869287028712872287328742875287628772878287928802881288228832884288528862887288828892890289128922893289428952896289728982899290029012902290329042905290629072908290929102911291229132914291529162917291829192920292129222923292429252926292729282929293029312932293329342935293629372938293929402941294229432944294529462947294829492950295129522953295429552956295729582959296029612962296329642965296629672968296929702971297229732974297529762977297829792980298129822983298429852986298729882989299029912992299329942995299629972998299930003001300230033004300530063007300830093010301130123013301430153016301730183019302030213022302330243025302630273028302930303031303230333034303530363037303830393040304130423043304430453046304730483049305030513052305330543055305630573058305930603061306230633064306530663067306830693070307130723073307430753076307730783079308030813082308330843085308630873088308930903091309230933094309530963097309830993100310131023103310431053106310731083109311031113112311331143115311631173118311931203121312231233124312531263127312831293130313131323133313431353136313731383139314031413142314331443145314631473148314931503151315231533154315531563157315831593160316131623163316431653166316731683169317031713172317331743175317631773178317931803181318231833184318531863187318831893190319131923193319431953196319731983199320032013202320332043205320632073208320932103211321232133214321532163217321832193220322132223223322432253226322732283229323032313232323332343235323632373238323932403241324232433244324532463247324832493250325132523253325432553256325732583259326032613262326332643265326632673268326932703271327232733274327532763277327832793280328132823283328432853286328732883289329032913292329332943295329632973298329933003301330233033304330533063307330833093310331133123313331433153316331733183319332033213322332333243325332633273328332933303331333233333334333533363337333833393340334133423343334433453346334733483349335033513352335333543355335633573358335933603361336233633364336533663367336833693370337133723373337433753376337733783379338033813382338333843385338633873388338933903391339233933394339533963397339833993400340134023403340434053406340734083409341034113412341334143415341634173418341934203421342234233424342534263427342834293430343134323433343434353436343734383439344034413442344334443445344634473448344934503451345234533454345534563457345834593460346134623463346434653466346734683469347034713472347334743475347634773478347934803481348234833484348534863487348834893490349134923493349434953496349734983499350035013502350335043505350635073508350935103511351235133514351535163517351835193520352135223523352435253526352735283529353035313532353335343535353635373538353935403541354235433544354535463547354835493550355135523553355435553556355735583559356035613562356335643565356635673568356935703571357235733574357535763577357835793580358135823583358435853586358735883589359035913592359335943595359635973598359936003601360236033604360536063607360836093610361136123613361436153616361736183619362036213622362336243625362636273628362936303631363236333634363536363637363836393640364136423643364436453646364736483649365036513652365336543655365636573658365936603661366236633664366536663667366836693670367136723673367436753676367736783679368036813682368336843685368636873688368936903691369236933694369536963697369836993700370137023703370437053706370737083709371037113712371337143715371637173718371937203721372237233724372537263727372837293730373137323733373437353736373737383739374037413742374337443745374637473748374937503751375237533754375537563757375837593760376137623763376437653766376737683769377037713772377337743775377637773778377937803781378237833784378537863787378837893790379137923793379437953796379737983799380038013802380338043805380638073808380938103811381238133814381538163817381838193820382138223823382438253826382738283829383038313832383338343835383638373838383938403841384238433844384538463847384838493850385138523853385438553856385738583859386038613862386338643865386638673868386938703871387238733874387538763877387838793880388138823883388438853886388738883889389038913892389338943895389638973898389939003901390239033904390539063907390839093910391139123913391439153916391739183919392039213922392339243925392639273928392939303931393239333934393539363937393839393940394139423943394439453946394739483949395039513952395339543955395639573958395939603961396239633964396539663967396839693970397139723973397439753976397739783979398039813982398339843985398639873988398939903991399239933994399539963997399839994000400140024003400440054006400740084009401040114012401340144015401640174018401940204021402240234024402540264027402840294030403140324033403440354036403740384039404040414042404340444045404640474048404940504051405240534054405540564057405840594060406140624063406440654066406740684069407040714072407340744075407640774078407940804081408240834084408540864087408840894090409140924093409440954096409740984099410041014102410341044105410641074108410941104111411241134114411541164117411841194120412141224123412441254126412741284129413041314132413341344135413641374138413941404141414241434144414541464147414841494150415141524153415441554156415741584159416041614162416341644165416641674168416941704171417241734174417541764177417841794180418141824183418441854186418741884189419041914192419341944195419641974198419942004201420242034204420542064207420842094210421142124213421442154216421742184219422042214222422342244225422642274228422942304231423242334234423542364237423842394240424142424243424442454246424742484249425042514252425342544255425642574258425942604261426242634264426542664267426842694270427142724273427442754276427742784279428042814282428342844285428642874288428942904291429242934294429542964297429842994300430143024303430443054306430743084309431043114312431343144315431643174318431943204321432243234324432543264327432843294330433143324333433443354336433743384339434043414342434343444345434643474348434943504351435243534354435543564357435843594360436143624363436443654366436743684369437043714372437343744375437643774378437943804381438243834384438543864387438843894390439143924393439443954396439743984399440044014402440344044405440644074408440944104411441244134414441544164417441844194420442144224423442444254426442744284429443044314432443344344435443644374438443944404441444244434444444544464447444844494450445144524453445444554456445744584459446044614462446344644465446644674468446944704471447244734474447544764477447844794480448144824483448444854486448744884489449044914492449344944495449644974498449945004501450245034504450545064507450845094510451145124513451445154516451745184519452045214522452345244525452645274528452945304531453245334534453545364537453845394540454145424543454445454546454745484549455045514552455345544555455645574558455945604561456245634564456545664567456845694570457145724573457445754576457745784579458045814582458345844585458645874588458945904591459245934594459545964597459845994600460146024603460446054606460746084609461046114612461346144615461646174618461946204621462246234624462546264627462846294630463146324633463446354636463746384639464046414642464346444645464646474648464946504651465246534654465546564657465846594660466146624663466446654666466746684669467046714672467346744675467646774678467946804681468246834684468546864687468846894690469146924693469446954696469746984699470047014702470347044705470647074708470947104711471247134714471547164717471847194720472147224723472447254726472747284729473047314732473347344735473647374738473947404741474247434744474547464747474847494750475147524753475447554756475747584759476047614762476347644765476647674768476947704771477247734774477547764777477847794780478147824783478447854786478747884789479047914792479347944795479647974798479948004801480248034804480548064807480848094810481148124813481448154816481748184819482048214822482348244825482648274828482948304831483248334834483548364837483848394840484148424843484448454846484748484849485048514852485348544855485648574858485948604861486248634864486548664867486848694870487148724873487448754876487748784879488048814882488348844885488648874888488948904891489248934894489548964897489848994900490149024903490449054906490749084909491049114912491349144915491649174918491949204921492249234924492549264927492849294930493149324933493449354936493749384939494049414942494349444945494649474948494949504951495249534954495549564957495849594960496149624963496449654966496749684969497049714972497349744975497649774978497949804981498249834984498549864987498849894990499149924993499449954996499749984999500050015002500350045005500650075008500950105011501250135014501550165017501850195020502150225023502450255026502750285029503050315032503350345035503650375038503950405041504250435044504550465047504850495050505150525053505450555056505750585059506050615062506350645065506650675068506950705071507250735074507550765077507850795080508150825083508450855086508750885089509050915092509350945095509650975098509951005101510251035104510551065107510851095110511151125113511451155116511751185119512051215122512351245125512651275128512951305131513251335134513551365137513851395140514151425143514451455146514751485149515051515152515351545155515651575158515951605161516251635164516551665167516851695170517151725173517451755176517751785179518051815182518351845185518651875188518951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025203520452055206520752085209521052115212521352145215521652175218521952205221522252235224522552265227522852295230523152325233523452355236523752385239524052415242524352445245524652475248524952505251525252535254525552565257525852595260526152625263526452655266526752685269527052715272527352745275527652775278527952805281528252835284528552865287528852895290529152925293529452955296529752985299530053015302530353045305530653075308530953105311531253135314531553165317531853195320532153225323532453255326532753285329533053315332533353345335533653375338533953405341534253435344534553465347534853495350535153525353535453555356535753585359536053615362536353645365536653675368536953705371537253735374537553765377537853795380538153825383538453855386538753885389539053915392539353945395539653975398539954005401540254035404540554065407540854095410541154125413541454155416541754185419542054215422542354245425542654275428542954305431543254335434543554365437543854395440544154425443544454455446544754485449545054515452545354545455545654575458545954605461546254635464546554665467546854695470547154725473547454755476547754785479548054815482548354845485548654875488548954905491549254935494549554965497549854995500550155025503550455055506550755085509551055115512551355145515551655175518551955205521552255235524552555265527552855295530553155325533553455355536553755385539554055415542554355445545554655475548554955505551555255535554555555565557555855595560556155625563556455655566556755685569557055715572557355745575557655775578557955805581558255835584558555865587558855895590559155925593559455955596559755985599560056015602560356045605560656075608560956105611561256135614561556165617561856195620562156225623562456255626562756285629563056315632563356345635563656375638563956405641564256435644564556465647564856495650565156525653565456555656565756585659566056615662566356645665566656675668566956705671567256735674567556765677567856795680568156825683568456855686568756885689569056915692569356945695569656975698569957005701570257035704570557065707570857095710571157125713571457155716571757185719572057215722572357245725572657275728572957305731573257335734573557365737573857395740574157425743574457455746574757485749575057515752575357545755575657575758575957605761576257635764576557665767576857695770577157725773577457755776577757785779578057815782578357845785578657875788578957905791579257935794579557965797579857995800580158025803580458055806580758085809581058115812581358145815581658175818581958205821582258235824582558265827582858295830583158325833583458355836583758385839584058415842584358445845584658475848584958505851585258535854585558565857585858595860586158625863586458655866586758685869587058715872587358745875587658775878587958805881588258835884588558865887588858895890589158925893589458955896589758985899590059015902590359045905590659075908590959105911591259135914591559165917591859195920592159225923592459255926592759285929593059315932593359345935593659375938593959405941594259435944594559465947594859495950595159525953595459555956595759585959596059615962596359645965596659675968596959705971597259735974597559765977597859795980598159825983598459855986598759885989599059915992599359945995599659975998599960006001600260036004600560066007600860096010601160126013601460156016601760186019602060216022602360246025602660276028602960306031603260336034603560366037603860396040604160426043604460456046604760486049605060516052605360546055605660576058605960606061606260636064606560666067606860696070607160726073607460756076607760786079608060816082608360846085608660876088608960906091609260936094609560966097609860996100610161026103610461056106610761086109611061116112611361146115611661176118611961206121612261236124612561266127612861296130613161326133613461356136613761386139614061416142614361446145614661476148614961506151615261536154615561566157615861596160616161626163616461656166616761686169617061716172617361746175617661776178617961806181618261836184618561866187618861896190619161926193619461956196619761986199620062016202620362046205620662076208620962106211621262136214621562166217621862196220622162226223622462256226622762286229623062316232623362346235623662376238623962406241624262436244624562466247624862496250625162526253625462556256625762586259626062616262626362646265626662676268626962706271627262736274627562766277627862796280628162826283628462856286628762886289629062916292629362946295629662976298629963006301630263036304630563066307630863096310631163126313631463156316631763186319632063216322632363246325632663276328632963306331633263336334633563366337633863396340634163426343634463456346634763486349635063516352635363546355635663576358635963606361636263636364636563666367636863696370637163726373637463756376637763786379638063816382638363846385638663876388638963906391639263936394639563966397639863996400640164026403640464056406640764086409641064116412641364146415641664176418641964206421642264236424642564266427642864296430643164326433643464356436643764386439644064416442644364446445644664476448644964506451645264536454645564566457645864596460646164626463646464656466646764686469647064716472647364746475647664776478647964806481648264836484648564866487648864896490649164926493649464956496649764986499650065016502650365046505650665076508650965106511651265136514651565166517651865196520652165226523652465256526652765286529653065316532653365346535653665376538653965406541654265436544654565466547654865496550655165526553655465556556655765586559656065616562656365646565656665676568656965706571657265736574657565766577657865796580658165826583658465856586658765886589659065916592659365946595659665976598659966006601660266036604660566066607660866096610661166126613661466156616661766186619662066216622662366246625662666276628662966306631663266336634663566366637663866396640664166426643664466456646664766486649665066516652665366546655665666576658665966606661666266636664666566666667666866696670667166726673667466756676667766786679668066816682668366846685668666876688668966906691669266936694669566966697669866996700670167026703670467056706670767086709671067116712671367146715671667176718671967206721672267236724672567266727672867296730673167326733673467356736673767386739674067416742674367446745674667476748674967506751675267536754675567566757675867596760676167626763676467656766676767686769677067716772677367746775677667776778677967806781678267836784678567866787678867896790679167926793679467956796679767986799680068016802680368046805680668076808680968106811681268136814681568166817681868196820682168226823682468256826682768286829683068316832683368346835683668376838683968406841684268436844684568466847684868496850685168526853685468556856685768586859686068616862686368646865686668676868686968706871687268736874687568766877687868796880688168826883688468856886688768886889689068916892689368946895689668976898689969006901690269036904690569066907690869096910691169126913691469156916691769186919692069216922692369246925692669276928692969306931693269336934693569366937693869396940694169426943694469456946694769486949695069516952695369546955695669576958695969606961696269636964696569666967696869696970697169726973697469756976697769786979698069816982698369846985698669876988698969906991699269936994699569966997699869997000700170027003700470057006700770087009701070117012701370147015701670177018701970207021702270237024702570267027702870297030703170327033703470357036703770387039704070417042704370447045704670477048704970507051705270537054705570567057705870597060706170627063706470657066706770687069707070717072707370747075707670777078707970807081708270837084708570867087708870897090709170927093709470957096709770987099710071017102710371047105710671077108710971107111711271137114711571167117711871197120712171227123712471257126712771287129713071317132713371347135713671377138713971407141714271437144714571467147714871497150715171527153715471557156715771587159716071617162716371647165716671677168716971707171717271737174717571767177717871797180718171827183718471857186718771887189719071917192719371947195719671977198719972007201720272037204720572067207720872097210721172127213721472157216721772187219722072217222722372247225722672277228722972307231723272337234723572367237723872397240724172427243724472457246724772487249725072517252725372547255725672577258725972607261726272637264726572667267726872697270727172727273727472757276727772787279728072817282728372847285728672877288728972907291729272937294729572967297729872997300730173027303730473057306730773087309731073117312731373147315731673177318731973207321732273237324732573267327732873297330733173327333733473357336733773387339734073417342734373447345734673477348734973507351735273537354735573567357735873597360736173627363736473657366736773687369737073717372737373747375737673777378737973807381738273837384738573867387738873897390739173927393739473957396739773987399740074017402740374047405740674077408740974107411741274137414741574167417741874197420742174227423742474257426742774287429743074317432743374347435743674377438743974407441744274437444744574467447744874497450745174527453745474557456745774587459746074617462746374647465746674677468746974707471747274737474747574767477747874797480748174827483748474857486748774887489749074917492749374947495749674977498749975007501750275037504750575067507750875097510751175127513751475157516751775187519752075217522752375247525752675277528752975307531753275337534753575367537753875397540754175427543754475457546754775487549755075517552755375547555755675577558755975607561756275637564756575667567756875697570757175727573757475757576757775787579758075817582758375847585758675877588758975907591759275937594759575967597759875997600760176027603760476057606760776087609761076117612761376147615761676177618761976207621762276237624762576267627762876297630763176327633763476357636763776387639764076417642764376447645764676477648764976507651765276537654765576567657765876597660766176627663766476657666766776687669767076717672767376747675767676777678767976807681768276837684768576867687768876897690769176927693769476957696769776987699770077017702770377047705770677077708770977107711771277137714771577167717771877197720772177227723772477257726
							<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"
	"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/><meta name="generator" content="ABBYY FineReader 11"/><meta name="author" content="Foreign Service Institute"/><meta name="description" content="Standard Chinese"/><title>FSI - Standard Chinese - Module 08 TVL - Student Text and Workbook</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>CM 0310</p><h1>STANDARD CHINESE A Modular Approach</h1><h2>MODULE 8: TRAVELING IN CHINA STUDENT TEXT AND WORKBOOK</h2>
<p>SPONSORED BY</p>
<p>AGENCIES OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN GOVERNMENTS</p>
<p>This publication is to be used primarily in support of training military personnel as part of the Defense Language Program (resident and nonresident). Inquiries concerning the use of materials, including requests for copies, should be addressed to:</p>
<p>Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center Nonresident Instruction Division Presidio of Monterey, CA 93940</p>
<p>Topics in the areas of politics’ international relations, mores’ etc., which may be considered as controversial from some points of view are sometimes included in language training for DLIFLC students, since military personnel may find themselves in positions where clear understanding of conversations or written material of this nature will be essential to their mission. The presence of controversial statements—whether real or apparent—in DLIFLC materials should not be construed as representing the opinions of the writers, of the Defense Language Institute, or of the Department of Defense.</p>
<p>In DLIFLC publications, the words ‘.lie’” “him,” and “his” denote both masculine and feminine genders. This statement does not apply to translations of foreign language texts.</p><h3>STANDARD CHINESE</h3><h4>A MODULAR APPROACH</h4>
<p>STUDENT TEXT AND WORKBOOK</p><h5>MODULE 8: TRAVELING IN CHINA</h5>
<p>DRAFT EDITION</p>
<p>JULY 1982</p>
<p>Table of Contents</p>
<p>Objectives for the Travel Module .................</p>
<p>About Module Eight .............._ ..........</p>
<p>Unit 1 Travel Plans with Luxlngshě</p>
<p>Reference List.....................</p>
<p>Vocabulary List.....................</p>
<p>Reference Notes.......'........... • • •</p>
<p>Tape 1 Review Dialogue ..................</p>
<p>Tape 2 Workbook...... ................</p>
<p>Exercise Dialogues . . . <sup>x</sup>.................</p>
<p>Unit 2 Education in Betjīng</p>
<p>Reference List......................</p>
<p>Vocabulary List.....................</p>
<p>Reference Notes .....................</p>
<p>Tape 1 Review Dialogue ..................</p>
<p>Tape 2 Workbook ................. • • • •</p>
<p>Exercise Dialogues ...................</p>
<p>Unit 3 Sljiqīng People<sup>1</sup> s Cosssune</p>
<p>Reference List ......................</p>
<p>Vocabulary List .....................</p>
<p>Reference Notes .....................</p>
<p>Tape 1 Review Dialogue ..................</p>
<p>Tape 2 Workbook..............:......</p>
<p>Exercise Dialogues ....................</p>
<p>Unit U Ancient Architectural Art</p>
<p>Reference List ......................</p>
<p>Vocabulary List ......................</p>
<p>Reference Notes ......................</p>
<p>Tape 1 Revlev Dialogue ..................</p>
<p>Tape 2 Workbook ......................</p>
<p>Exercise Dialogues ....................</p>
<p>Unit 5 Economic Construction and Natural Resources</p>
<p>Reference List .......................</p>
<p>Vocabulary List......................</p>
<p>Reference Notes ......................</p>
<p>Tape 1 Revlev Dialogue ...................</p>
<p>Tape 2 Workbook ......................</p>
<p>Exercise Dialogues .....................</p>
<p>Unit 6 National Minorities</p>
<p>Reference List ......................</p>
<p>Vocabulary List .....................</p>
<p>Reference Notes .....................</p>
<p>Tape 1 Review Dialogue ..................</p>
<p>Tape 2 Workbook .....................</p>
<p>Exercise Dialogues ....................</p>
<p>Unit 7 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-</p>
<p>Reference List......................</p>
<p>Vocabulary List .....................</p>
<p>Reference Notes............'..........</p>
<p>Tape 1 Review Dialogue ..................</p>
<p>Tape 2 Workbook .....................</p>
<p>Exercise Dialogues ....................</p>
<p>Unit 8</p>
<p>Reference List......................</p>
<p>Vocabulary List......................</p>
<p>Reference -Notes • ....................</p>
<p>Tape 1 Review Dialogue................ • •</p>
<p>Tape 2 Workbook .....................</p>
<p>Exercise Dialogues • • <sub>t</sub> .................</p>
<p>Vocabulary List for the Module..............■.....</p>
<p>List of Tapes in this Module ....................</p><img src="0261-FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook_files/0261-FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook-1.png" style="width:487pt;height:645pt;"/><img src="0261-FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook_files/0261-FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook-2.png" style="width:491pt;height:654pt;"/>
<p>Unit 1&gt; Reference List</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a： W8oen zSnme chenghu nln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov should ve address you?</p>
<p>hlo ne?</p>
<p>B: Lfii zheli cangu&amp;n f&amp;pgvende &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;People vho come here to visit all</p>
<p>ren dou Jiao v8 L&amp;o Wing. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;call me Lio Wing.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Nln xiing zheijian shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What do you think would be the best</p>
<p>zfeme anp£i b£o? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;way to arrange this?</p>
<p>B: W5 xlSng sul hSo dSng v5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I think it would be best to wait</p>
<p>h备 Sh&amp;nghXi f&amp;ngmlan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;until I<sup>f</sup>ve contacted ShSjigh&amp;l</p>
<p>li&amp;ny? yixik zSi shuo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and then ve<sup>1</sup>!! see about it.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a： TīngsbuS nln dui zhel yldaLl* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I've heard that you<sup>1</sup> re an expert</p>
<p>de fSngyfa: hen ySu yinj iu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;on the dialect of this area.</p>
<p>B: N&amp;ll! W8 zhl shi liloJi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh no! I Just knov a little</p>
<p>yidlSnr, t&amp;nbud^o y5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;about it; I couldn't say I'm</p>
<p>y&amp;njiǔ• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;an expert•</p>
<p>U_ A: XiiLnziLl Zhonggu6 ydngde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;China nov produce丨 most of the oil</p>
<p>ahlySu dSbilfen shi zijX &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that it uses, isn't that right? sbengch&amp;nde, dui &quot;baT</p>
<p>B: B^i, aufabii shi zijl sheng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No, they produce all of it, chXnde.</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: D^bilfen bSifang ren dou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Most northerners can speak the</p>
<p>hoi shu5 pStSnghuiU dui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;standard language« can't they? bu dui?</p>
<p>B: Ou, bū zhl 8hi bSifSng ren, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, not Just northerners. A lot</p>
<p>h?n du3 n&amp;nfang r^nde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of southerners speak standard</p>
<p>p&amp;t5nghui y8 bfi cud. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chinese pretty veil, too.</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Mlngtlan v8 Jlil c6ng Shenzhen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tomorrow Vm going to leave the</p>
<p>2ldlls&amp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;country from Shenzhen*</p>
<p>B: 6, shiaw kuii! WJ5 h&amp;l ylvei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, so soon! I thought you could go</p>
<p>ol nSng gin vSaen dio &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vith us to Suzhou for a fev days. Suzhou q备 v&amp;nr Jitian na!</p><h6>了. A: Dongb?!, XTbll nl dou qil- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You We ^been to Manchuria and the</h6>
<p>guo le *baT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Northwest, haven't you?</p>
<p>B: Zki DongbSi v8 zhl cSnguinle &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In Manchuria I We only visited</p>
<p>D&amp;qjng, XTb^i b&amp;i mei qxi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D^qing, and I haven <sup>f</sup>t been to</p>
<p>8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: m xlia z8u hlo la, v5 Jill &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You go ahead and leave. I,U be * lii<sub>#</sub> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;right there.</p>
<p>B： HXo. Hul t6u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay. See you in a while.</p>
<p>9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Zheivei xuezh8 yinjiude shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What subject does this scholar</p>
<p>nel fangmiinde ventl? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;study?</p>
<p>B： TS yiajiude zhSyao shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She mainly studies languages and</p>
<p>yibr&amp;n he ygyfcixue. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;linguistics.</p>
<p>10. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Zii XīaUSng Nelm^ng yidii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the region of XlnJiang and Inner</p>
<p>měiyou hSn duo ren shuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mongolia not many people speak</p>
<p>pStorxghud. ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;st&amp;ndaxd Chinese* do they?</p>
<p>B: Dui, zki nelxie difang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right. In those places the minority</p>
<p>ah&amp;oshxi mlnigll y3y4n zhan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nationality languages occupy the</p>
<p>zhSy^ode divel• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;major position.</p>
<p>11. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Nlmen xlSng qilde dtqu oufcx &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Have you been to all the regions you</p>
<p>d5u qjL le b&amp;? Hii y&lt;5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wanted to go to? Do you have any</p>
<p>shenme v^ntl meiyou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ioore questions?</p>
<p>B: Meiyou sheome věntl le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We don<sup>f</sup>t have any more questions•</p>
<p>Luxlngshede gongzud g&amp;ode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The China Travel Service did a very</p>
<p>hSn hiio<sub>f</sub>&quot;w8men hen m&amp;nyi&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;good Job and ve*re very pleased.</p>
<p>12. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;iSxlngtu&amp;n. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tour group</p>
<p>13. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gulngxī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(an autonomous region,</p>
<p>formerly spelled Kv&amp;ngsl)</p>
<p>lU. Guilin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a famous scenic city in Gu&amp;ngxI)</p>
<p>15. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yfinnon &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a province In southern China)</p>
<p>16. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Guizhou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a province, formerly spelled</p>
<p>Kveichov)</p>
<p>17. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hu&amp;bSi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;north China</p>
<p>18. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hu&amp;n&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;south China</p>
<p>19. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hu&amp;zigshazi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a famous scenic mountain In</p>
<p>Anhxxī province)</p>
<p>Unit 1_ Vocabulary List</p>
<p>anp£l &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to axr&amp;nge</p>
<p>bSif&amp;ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the north</p>
<p>blj iio &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cozzrp&amp;r&amp;t ively</p>
<p>cSnguan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to visit and observe</p>
<p>chenghu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to call</p>
<p>dabO^en &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mostly</p>
<p>d^i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zone, &amp;re&amp;, belt</p>
<p>D&amp;qing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&amp; city in Heil6ngji&amp;ng province)</p>
<p>diqu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;are&amp;, district/ region</p>
<p>DongbSi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Manchuria</p>
<p>fXngven &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to visit and meet vlth</p>
<p>dialect</p>
<p>gXo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to do</p>
<p>Gulngxī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&amp; province in so\zth China)</p>
<p>Guilin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&amp; city in Gulngxī province)</p>
<p>Guizhou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&amp; province of China)</p>
<p>Hu£b2i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;north of China</p>
<p>Hu&amp;zi&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;south of China</p>
<p>Hu&amp;ngshan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&amp; mountain in Jlxihul province)</p>
<p>hult6u Ji&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;See you later!</p>
<p>liixixi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to contact</p>
<p>liEoJi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to understand</p>
<p>l£ j£ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to leave a country or place</p>
<p>l5x£ngshe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;travel service, travel agency</p>
<p>lūxfngtu£n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tour group</p>
<p>mlnz仓 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ethnic group, nation</p>
<p>n£nfSzig &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the south</p>
<p>NdlaSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inner Mongolia</p>
<p>pflt5n^nai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the ccomon (standard) language</p>
<p>entirely</p>
<p>qu&amp;nbū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;entire, whole</p>
<p>sbloshū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;small number, fev, minority</p>
<p>8hXo8h\l m£nz1i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;minority nationality</p>
<p>Shenzhen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a city In GuXngdSng province)</p>
<p>ahly6u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;petroleum* oil</p>
<p>XlbJSl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;northvest</p>
<p>Xlnjilng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(an autonomous region of China)</p>
<p>xu^zhS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;scholar</p>
<p>ylvěi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to think (mistakenly)<sub>t</sub> to assume</p>
<p>YUnnin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a province of China)</p>
<p>y3y4n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;language</p>
<p>yiSyinxue &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;linguistics</p>
<p>...zii shu5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;.&quot;and then ve<sup>f</sup> 11 see about it</p>
<p>zhkū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to occupy, to take up</p>
<p>zhSyio &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;m&amp;in、 mainly</p>
<p>Unit Reference Notes</p>
<p>1. A: WSaen z2zune chenghu nln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How should we address you? hSo ne?</p>
<p>B: L&amp;i zheli cangu&amp;n fSngvende &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;People vho come here to visit all</p>
<p>ren dou Jiax&gt; vS īāo W&amp;ng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c&amp;ll me L&amp;o W£ng.</p>
<p>Rotes on No. 1</p>
<p>Asking hov to address someone: If you are not sure hov to address someone, it is usually acceptable to ask the person himself. Most Chinese recognize that they have a complicated system of terms of address, and are happy to answer such questions•</p>
<p>chenghu: &quot;to address<sup>w</sup> or <sup>11</sup> form of address<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>Kuai g^osu vo, v5 gai zixme &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Quick tell me: hov shoxild I</p>
<p>chenghu nlde fikiu ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;addres，your parents?</p>
<p>Xiang &quot;XiSo Wing,” &quot;L5o Zhǎng&quot; Forma of address like &quot;Xilo Wing<sup>w</sup> zhelzhSng chenghu xl&amp;nzal &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and &quot;LSo Zhang<sup>n</sup> are nov very</p>
<p>hSn llūxlzig le* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;comzson.</p>
<p>• • • hSo ne?: <sup>rt</sup>Would it be best to . . . ?<sup>n</sup> VSaen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chenghu pin</p>
<p>acts as the subject of the verb hXo. Here is a diagram:</p>
<p><sup>1</sup> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;■ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;■ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I</p>
<p>VSmen zSrane chenghu nln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;! hSo ne?</p>
<p>___ • —---</p>
<p>([For] us to address you hov J [would] be good?)</p>
<p>*</p>
<p><sup>rt</sup>Hov would it be best for us to address you?<sup>11</sup></p>
<p>For sentences vlth &amp;&nbsp;similar structure, comp&amp;re 2A. and 8A belov. Here &amp;re three further exu^ples:</p>
<p>ZSzime sud hXoT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What should I do?</p>
<p>ZSnme chi hXo ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov should it be cooked (lit.,</p>
<p><sup>n</sup>eaten<sup>n</sup>)?</p>
<p>W8 zhen bil zhldao gaosu t&amp; hSo I really don’t knov whether I should ne, h&amp;lshl b&lt;i gaosu t&amp; hXo? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tell him or not.</p>
<p>CSnguan^ literally, &quot;enter-look,&quot; and flngven. literally, <sup>n</sup>vlsit-inter-viev,&quot; are both sometimes translated &amp;8 ”to visit,&quot; but there an important difference in their ae&amp;nlng: you cangu&amp;n &amp;&nbsp;place (like &amp;&nbsp;museum), but you f&amp;pgven people* Thus, canguan is translated as <sup>w</sup>visit and observe, and f&amp;ngvěn &amp;8 <sup>w</sup>visit and talk vith.<sup>11</sup> By extension, you can also fXngvěn &amp;&nbsp;place, but this implies &amp;&nbsp;fom&amp;l visit to a country or visits to factories or offices where the visitors have a chance to talk vlth the responsible people and vorkers. In addition* fXngvěn also sometimes translates the English verb</p>
<p><sup>w</sup>to interview.<sup>w</sup> Exaaples:</p>
<p>W8 bil xXhu&amp;n canguan zhelyangde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don’t like to visit this kind.of</p>
<p>dlfang, v8 xiing canguan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;place. I vant to visit a factory. gongch&amp;ng•</p>
<p>Dutbuql xlansheng, zh^li shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>T</sup>m sorry, sir. This is a military</p>
<p>Junshi dlqū, b\l keyi canguan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zone; sightseeing is not permitted.</p>
<p>Qunl&amp;n v5 zai Zh5nggu6 f&amp;ngvenle &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Last year in China I visited tvo</p>
<p>ll&amp;ngge ginbu jlātlzig. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cadres<sup>f</sup> families.</p>
<p>Zai llSngge xlngqlll, tamen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They visited six cities in tvo veeks.</p>
<p>fSngvěnle Huge chengshl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Implies that they talked vith</p>
<p>city officials.)</p>
<p>Zhe zhen shi yici ySu yiside &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This was really an Interesting visit, f&amp;ngven.</p>
<p>Zu6tlan tamen qil fXngwenle &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yesterday they vent to intervlev</p>
<p>ylvei ySu mlngde Zhonggu6 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a famous Chinese scholar. xuezh%.</p>
<p>2. A: Nln xl&amp;ng zheijlan shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What do you think would be the best</p>
<p>z^nme Snpii blji&amp;o hSo? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vay to arrange this?</p>
<p>B: W8 xi'&amp;ng zuī hSo dSng vS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I think it vould be best to vait</p>
<p>he ShinghZl fangzalan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;until I<sup>f</sup>ve contacted ShanghXl</p>
<p>liinxi ylxia zai shu5» &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and then ve<sup>f</sup>U see about it.</p>
<p>Notes on No, 2</p>
<p>The structure of sentence 2A, vhich is similar to that of 1A, can be diagrainaed this vay:</p>
<p>I I » &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I</p>
<p>Zh^ljlin shi 丨丨 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;z¥nme anp&amp;i I tlJiXo h&amp;o?</p>
<p>■ i • 9 I &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*■</p>
<p>(CAb for] this matter J ! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hov arrange ! Cvould be] comp&amp;ra-</p>
<p>! ! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;J tively better?</p>
<p><sup>1</sup></p>
<p>anp£i: &quot;to arrange,&quot; <sup>n</sup>to set up&quot;</p>
<p>Ta zSngshl shijiu anp&amp;lde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He alvays arranges his time veil. h«n hlo.</p>
<p>Nl xlan zhuSzi anp&amp;lhSo, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;First arrange the tables; the guests</p>
<p>k^ren kuii lii le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vlll te here soon.</p>
<p>Ta Sanyue ylql&amp;n Jiu b1l z&amp;i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He had left here even before March,</p>
<p>zh^r« bel anp&amp;l dio blede &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;having been assigned to another</p>
<p>dif&amp;ng qu le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;location.</p>
<p>'blM'io or Hjiao： (1) &quot;Comparatively,&quot; ”relatively,” &quot;more” is the meaning in sentence 2A. Bl.1 i&amp;o also has the following meanings:</p>
<p>(2) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;to compare&quot;:</p>
<p>Yaoshi bijiao zhe li&amp;ngge cheng- If you compare these tvo cities, shi, vō h&amp;ishi xlhu&amp;n H&amp;ngzh5u. I prefer H£ngzhou.</p>
<p>WSmen keyi bijiao yixia she! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We can compare vho did it better,</p>
<p>zuode hSo.</p>
<p>(3) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;fairly,&quot; &quot;rather&quot;</p>
<p>Jlntian bijiao leng， duo chuān It<sup>f</sup>s rather cold today, put on some di&amp;nr ylfti. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;clothing.</p>
<p>Context vill often tell you whether blji&amp;o as an advert implies &amp;&nbsp;comparison (in which case it should be translated as &quot;comparatively,&quot; &quot;relatively,&quot; or &quot;more&quot;) or does not imply a comparison (in vhich case it should be tr&amp;nslated &amp;s &quot;rather” or &quot;fairly&quot;).</p>
<p>Ta shi 'bliiio &amp;1 Ji&amp;ng huade ren. He is a rather talkative person.</p>
<p>Zhei li&amp;ngge b&amp;nfa, nSige blji&amp;o Of these two methods, vhich is y5u xiao? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;more effective?</p>
<p>Dlerge banfa blJiSo y5u xi&amp;o. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The second is more effective.</p>
<p>C6ng zher dao chengli q{l, zud To go into the city from here, it<sup>f</sup>s diti? blJiSo kǔai yidi&amp;nr. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;somewhat faster by subvay.</p>
<p>Sh&amp;ngh&amp;i fangnl&amp;n: Literally, &quot;the ShanghSi side,&quot; meaning the concerned party in Shajigh&amp;i. In this sentence, the best English translation is simply &quot;Shanghli.&quot; For more examples of this use of f&amp;nggtlan, see the Society module. Unit 1, Notes on No. 8.</p>
<p>liinxi: &quot;to contact<sub>t</sub><sup>w w</sup>to get in touch vith<sub>f</sub><sup>n</sup> or as a noun, &quot;connection,” <sup>n</sup>tieaT<sup>w</sup>一LTfaucl can be between individual people, groups, or phenomena:</p>
<p>WSmen yljlng ySu li&amp;ngsanni&amp;n We haven’t been in touch for two or m^lyBu ll&amp;Dxi le, *bū zhl- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;three years. I wonder hov he has</p>
<p>dlo t&amp; zuijin zSnmeyflLng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;been lately.</p>
<p>Zhdi liXngge vent! meiyou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There<sup>1</sup>3 no connection betveen these</p>
<p>sheome li&amp;zucl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;two questions •</p>
<p>Zhěixie ni&amp;n l&amp;l<sub>f</sub> Zh5ng-M2l &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the past fev years, ties</p>
<p>lilnggu6de li&amp;nxl yuě l&amp;i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;betveen China and the U.S. have</p>
<p>yuě gulng le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;been getting broader and broader.</p>
<p>li&amp;iucl ylxl^: Yixla here is used the same way aa in &amp;&nbsp;sentence you learned in the Meeting module. Unit 8: W8 ti nl zhu&amp;ngao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>n</sup>I vill</p>
<p>pass on the message for you•” Ylxii means <sup>n</sup>one time, and simply adds a c&amp;su&amp;l feeling, sljnllar to the effect of redxxplicating a verb. (Ylxl^ here is not translated &amp;8 &quot;&amp;&nbsp;vhile<sup>w</sup> or <sup>w</sup>a little bit.&quot;) Reduplicating the verb</p>
<p>has about the sasc meaning： li&amp;mci lianxi.</p>
<p>pgng . . . zii ahu5 literally means <sup>f</sup>Vait until • . • and then talk about it7<sup>n</sup> Z&amp;i shu5 is~often better translated as &quot;see about it<sup>M</sup> or <sup>rf</sup>deil with it.&quot; Deng can sometimes be translated simply as &quot;when.&quot;</p>
<p>Mlngtian zai shuo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We<sup>f</sup>ll see about that tomorrow.</p>
<p>Deng ta lfiile z&amp;l shu5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We<sup>f</sup>ll see about that vhen he</p>
<p>gets here.</p>
<p>VSnen zlSn shlshl kin zaii shuS. Let<sup>f</sup> s try it out first and then see</p>
<p>about it.</p>
<p>3. A: Tīngshuo nin dui zhel ytdal- I<sup>f</sup>ve heard that you<sup>1</sup>re an expert de fangy^n hSn ySu yinjiu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;on the dialect of this area.</p>
<p>B: N&amp;li! W8 zhl shi liSo.li吝 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh no! I Just knov a little about</p>
<p>yidiEnr, tfinbudio ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it; I couldn't say I<sup>f</sup>m an</p>
<p>y&amp;njiū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;expert.</p>
<p>Notes on No. 3</p>
<p>-dal: &quot;zone*&quot; <sup>n</sup>area<sub>t</sub><sup>n</sup> &quot;belt&quot; The original meaning of d&amp;l is a belt or band， as in p£dal, ^leather belt, lOylnd&amp;i， &quot;recording tape,<sup>w</sup> and xlSdāi, &quot;shoelaces.&quot; It is easy to see vby it has also come to mean &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in a</p>
<p>geographical sense, and by extension, &quot;zone&quot; or &quot;area•” -Dal is used in such words &amp;8 redal (literally &quot;hot-zone&quot;) &quot;the tropics,&quot; and dtdSl, &quot;zone,&quot; <sup>w</sup>region.<sup>n</sup> It is also used in the common phrases zhei yiāKt^ <sup>w</sup>this &amp;rea<sub>f</sub><sup>n</sup> and yanhal yldii. <sup>ft</sup>co&amp;stal region&quot; (you will learn y^Lnh&amp;i in Unit 5 of this module).</p>
<p>Zh各i yiāii vlnshang hSn veixiln. This area is dangerous at night.</p>
<p>Nl ylge ren chūqu d^i xl&amp;oxīn You'd better be careful if you dl&amp;nr, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;go out alone.</p>
<p>You can use names of regions in the pattern • • • yjdki:</p>
<p>Ting nī sfau5 hui, nl d&amp;g&amp;l shi From the vay you speak, I<sup>f</sup>d guess Shinb^i yldil rěn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you<sup>1</sup> re from the area of northern</p>
<p>Sh&amp;nxl.</p>
<p>fSngyin: ”dial«ct” (FSng-. as In &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;”place,” here means &quot;local.&quot;</p>
<p>-Y6n forms part of the vord ygyfai &quot;language, vhich is presented in sentence 9b7T In linguistics, the word famgyĀn is used as ve use the word &quot;dialect,”</p>
<p>In common Chinese usage» fSngy&amp;n also refers to the various Chinese languages (such &amp;8 Cantonese) vhich are not intelligible to &amp;&nbsp;speaker of Standard Chinese. See also the note on putongh\ia under Number 5.</p>
<p>liloji系:As a state vert, ”to understand,” ”to grasp,&quot; &quot;to comprehend and as an action vert, &quot;to find out,&quot; &quot;to acquaint oneself with.&quot; As a state verb, it can be used in the pattern iui • . • 11&amp;0.118 (see the fourth and fifth examples belov).</p>
<p>Aa 良 at篡f verb</p>
<p>Kl ll&amp;o^lS qlnglni&amp;ng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You don’t understand the situation.</p>
<p>Ta hSn li&amp;oji? n&amp;llde qlngkuang. He understands the situation there</p>
<p>quite veil.</p>
<p>Tǎde guoqil, vS liSoJi?de fei- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I am very familiar vith his past</p>
<p>ch&amp;ng qlngchQ. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;history.</p>
<p>Nl dui ta h&amp;l bil liloji?. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You still don<sup>f</sup>t understand him.</p>
<p>Dui Zhongguo l^shl v5 llSoJiSde I don't knov enough about Chinese bfi gSu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;history.</p>
<p>As an action vert</p>
<p>Nl dito nir qd ylqi£n zui h&amp;o &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Before you go there, you vould do</p>
<p>liXoJi? ylxla narde fSngsfi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;veil to acquaint yourself vlth</p>
<p>the (local) custoiu.</p>
<p>WS xlSng li&amp;oj IS H&amp;oJiS ren- I vould like to find out ^bout mln shezigbu6de qlngkuang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the (dally) life of the people.</p>
<p>When the vord &quot;knov&quot; means to understand a person* it must *be translated into Chinese as 1180.118:</p>
<p>Ta airen zui llloJiS ta. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;His vlfe knows him best, (or</p>
<p>”Her husband • • . •”）</p>
<p>(Renshi ta simply means ”to be acquainted vlth him,” and zhidao ta means &quot;to knov of him.&quot;)</p>
<p>tānbudao: &quot;cannot spe&amp;k of •…” A polite response to flattering comments• After t£nbudāo, you usually repeat the words of the first speaker, e.g. <sub>9</sub></p>
<p>A: Nl dui MSigu6 v^nhua &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You understand American culture</p>
<p>hSn liXoJi*. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;very veil.</p>
<p>B: Tinbud&amp;o liSoJiS, wB zhl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>1</sup> s kind of you to say so (&quot;One</p>
<p>ahl dui zhelfangnlan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cannot speak of understanding it&quot;),</p>
<p>hSn yBu xizigqu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*but I*m Just very interested in It.</p>
<p>k. A: Xiinzii ZhSnggu6 ydngde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;China nov produces inost of the oil</p>
<p>shiySu ditbūfen shi ztjl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that it uses, isn<sup>f</sup>t that right?</p>
<p>shengch&amp;nde, dui ta?</p>
<p>B: B\i<sub>v</sub> quinbū shi zijl sheng» No, they produce all of it. chXnde.</p>
<p>Notea on No* U</p>
<p>shly6u: &quot;petroleum,&quot; &quot;oil&quot; (literally, &quot;rock-oil,&quot; vhich, incidentally.</p>
<p>is also the i■一of the English vord &quot;petroleum&quot;) Examples： ahly6u gSngye. &quot;the oil industry&quot;; 3hly6u huabcug, &quot;petrochemistry.<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>dabūfen: &quot;the most part,&quot; &quot;for the most part,” &quot;moatly&quot; The str«ss in this word is on the syllable da-, and in conversation, the middle syllable, _bu-, is often neutral tone (you may even hear what sounds like dabfen, with the u sound missing).</p>
<p>—Use diCbūfen to modify a verb or a noun：</p>
<p>M?igu6 ren dabūfen d5u ySu , &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Most Americans have their own car.</p>
<p>zijlde che.</p>
<p>Dabūfen M8igu6 ren d5u ySu</p>
<p>~zijlde ch¥^ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&gt;</p>
<p>dui ba?: <sup>n</sup>isn<sup>f</sup>t that correct?” <sup>rr</sup>isn<sup>f</sup>t that so?” You have already learned to ask for the listener<sup>1</sup> s confirmation by using shi bu ahi? or shi ma? and dui bu dui? or dut ma? at the end of a sentence. Shi ba? and dut bat are also used in the same sentence position to ask for confirmation<sub>9</sub> but because of the marker ba<sub>9</sub> they Imply that the speaker is fairly sure that his information is correct.</p>
<p>quinb^: &quot;entire<sub>t</sub><sup>w</sup> &quot;vbole,” &quot;all”</p>
<p>Zheixie shū v8 qu&amp;nbO. dou k&amp;nguo I<sup>f</sup>ve read all of these books • le.</p>
<p>TSde qi&amp;n quinb^ yong z&amp;l lfi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;His money was all used up try the trip,</p>
<p>xlngshang le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;used on the trip<sup>w</sup>)</p>
<p>Ta gSi v8de gSngzud <sub>9</sub> v8 h&amp;i mei I haven<sup>f</sup>t finished all of the work qufinb\i zudv&amp;n ne. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;be gave me yet•</p>
<p>Ta shuōde bu&amp; qu&amp;nb讧 mei yong. Everything he said is nonsense</p>
<p>(worthless, useless).</p>
<p>Nl *bil zhldlo t&amp;de qu&amp;hb任 qlng- Hov can you maxry him without knoving loiang zSzuae n$ng hi ta Jiehun? his vhole situation?</p>
<p>5. A: Dib^fen rSn dou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Most northerners can speak the</p>
<p>Ixui »hu8 pfit8nghtA&gt; dui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;standard language, c&amp;n<sup>f</sup>t they? bu dui?</p>
<p>B: du, bū zhl 丨hi bSifSng ren<sub>9</sub> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, not Just northerners. A lot</p>
<p>hSn duo nfafang rende &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of southerners speak standard</p>
<p>pǔt5nghua yS cud. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chinese pretty vell» too.</p>
<p>Notes on Ho, 5</p>
<p>BSifangt &quot;the north&quot; of a country, and n&amp;nfSng* &quot;the south&quot; of a country: When used vith reference to Chin丨，these terms usually mean the are丨 north of the Hu&amp;ng H系(Yellov River) and the area south of the Ch&amp;ngjiazig (Yangtze River), respectively. The area betveen the rivers is usually considered central China.</p>
<p>BSlfizig rin xllxu&amp;n chī ml^nahl» Northerners like to eat foods made n&amp;nfizig r(n xlhu&amp;n chī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;from wheat<sub>t</sub> and southerners like</p>
<p>to eat rice.</p>
<p>Tade ZhSngguo hui y5u n&amp;nfang His Chinese has a southern accent. kSuyln•</p>
<p>pǔtSnghua: <sup>rt</sup>the common speech,” the usual designation In the PRC for vhat ve have called in this course Standard Chinese.<sup>w</sup> PfitSnghua is officially defined as consisting of the sound system of B?ijlng speech, the vocabulary and idiom of northern speech, and the graann&amp;r of exemplary modem vernacular vritings. It vould be inaccurate to equate putonghiul vlth either beifang hua (&quot;northern speech”) or Belling hua (<sup>rt</sup>B?iJIng speech”), because pStōnghua has absorbed many elements from other di&amp;lects, contributing to its richness. Conversely* such things as purely regional expressions (including those of BSlJIng itself) and non-standard pronunciations are not considered pStSnghui• Before the PRC, the term pǔtSnghua already existed, but referred to the approximations of Mandarin spoken by the common people of northern China.</p>
<p>(In Taiwan» the term guoy5» &quot;the national language»<sup>n</sup> is used for the officially promoted standard language.)</p>
<p>zhl shi b^ifSng ren: &quot;not Just northerners&quot; Bi_zhl_shl<sub>f</sub> &quot;not only,&quot; can *be followed by a noun<sub>t</sub> verb* or clause. Sometimes you may hear bū Jiň shi. bfi iin shi, bň gu&amp;ng 3hl% or bň Jin shi (vhich you vlll learn in the Life in China module) <sub>t</sub> with the same meaning. The shi is necessary before a noun but may be omitted before a vert:</p>
<p>WSmen b&amp;ngongshi bii zhl (shi) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In our office，there are not only</p>
<p>ySu MSiguo r$n, b&amp;l y8u Jlge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Americans, but also some Chinese</p>
<p>Zhongguo ren bang vSmen gongzud. vho help us.</p>
<p>6. A: Mlngtian w8 Jii c6ng Shenzhen Tomorrow I,m going to leave the ll jing le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;country from Shenzhen.</p>
<p>B: 0，zheae kuil! W8 b&amp;l ylvei Oh* so soon! I thought you could go nl neng gen v5nen dlo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;with us to SūzhSu for a fev days.</p>
<p>SuzhSu vinr Jltlan ne!</p>
<p>Notes on Ho* 6</p>
<p>Shenzhen, formerly known by Its Cantonese pronunciation* Shxmchun<sub>t</sub> Is the 'border stop on the railroad from Hong Kong to Gu&amp;ngzhou (Canton).</p>
<p>It Jing: &quot;leave a country,<sup>n</sup> literally, &quot;leave-boundary&quot; You can also say chu Z^ng.</p>
<p>ylvei: &quot;to mistakenly think” Xi8ng and remrSl, vhich you vlll learn in th6 next unit, both mean ”to think tb&amp;t • • • T<sup>n</sup> Ylv^i adds the meaning that the subject's impression was vrong.</p>
<p>Nl ylvěi v8 bi zhldio?! W8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You thought I didn't knov?! I heard</p>
<p>zlo Jiu tlngshuS le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;about it a long time ago!</p>
<p>a</p>
<p>W8 ylvSi vB ylge rěn i6yi nā- I thought I could carry it by deddng<sub>9</sub> 囂h蓦i thīiio name &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;self; vho would have thought it</p>
<p>zhdng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vas so heavy?</p>
<p>W8 hii yīvii: &quot;I thought (mistakenly)&quot; You have learned hii as ”still” and as <sup>11</sup> also, additionally.<sup>rt</sup> This hii has a different meaning and is not translated. It emphasises that the sutject vas under a wrong impression.</p>
<p>This meaning of h&amp;i Is most clearly seen vlth the verb xi&amp;ng: W8 hii xlSn^ means <sup>rt</sup>I mist kenly thought,<sup>rt</sup> whereas WS xlSng does not specify whether the Judgment vas right or wrong.</p>
<p>ōu, shi nl ya! W5 hii xiSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, it’s you! I thought it vas</p>
<p>(OR ylvěi) shi bieren ne! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;someone else.</p>
<p>A: Nl tīngshiiSle zn&amp;? Ta sheng- Have you heard? She had a baby la ge ěrzi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;boy.</p>
<p>B: 5u, v8 h&amp;l zhldao ne! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, I didn’t knov! (Here, it is</p>
<p>not &amp;&nbsp;mistaken lsxpresslon but the previous lack of any information on the subject vhich htl emphasizes)</p>
<p>7• A: DSngb^i• XTb^i nl dou qū- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You've been to Manchuria and tbe</p>
<p>guo le ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Northvest <sub>t</sub> haven <sup>f</sup>t you7</p>
<p>B: Zai DongbSl v6 zhl c&amp;nguanle In Manchuria I<sup>f</sup> ve only visited D^qlng, xrb?i hii mei qū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Daqing, and I haven，t 'been to</p>
<p>ne. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Northwest yet.</p>
<p>Notes on No, 7</p>
<p>D5ngb8i» xrb^l: Although you learned this Is In the Directions module, it 'bears repeating that combined direction names (<sup>n</sup>nortbvest,<sup>n</sup> &quot;southeast,&quot; etc*) are said in the reverse order from English:</p>
<p>xlbSl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dSngbSl</p>
<p>(vert-north) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(east-north)</p>
<p>northvest &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;northeast</p>
<p>zln&amp;Q &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d5ngn&amp;n</p>
<p>(vest-south) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(east-south)</p>
<p>8outhve0t &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;southeast</p>
<p>D5ngb8l: &quot;the Northeast,&quot; Manchuria&quot; The northeastern region of China, consisting of the three provinces of Ll&amp;onlng, Jllln, and Hellfingjiing, Is sometimes called Manchuria because the largest Indigenous minority is the Manchu, or MXn， nationality. Of China's 2.6 million Mln, most live scattered throughout these three provinces and HebSl; there are also smaller MSn populations In the cities of BSlJīng, Chengdu, Xī'&amp;n, and Hohhot• The Mln, and before them their ancestors the NǍzhen (Nuchen or Juchen» an ancient nationality of the same region) • were &amp;&nbsp;major force in Chinese history from the</p>
<p>TVL, Unit 1</p>
<p>Jin Dynasty» in yhich the Ntlzben ruled northern China for over a century (111*5-123“），to tb« Manchu-run Qlng Dynasty (l6““-1911). After the QXng dyruLBtj established its c&amp;pit&amp;l In BSiJīng, great number丨 of MSn filtered south through ShSnh&amp;l Pass In H$b2l and intermixed vlth the H^n Chinese. In this centtur, large-scale Han migration to the Northeast (hundreds of thousands every year) has caused the region<sup>1</sup> s pop\ilation to svell to 99 •紇 million (1976 estimate)，of vhich only 2•及 million are of the MSn nationality. Although their ethnic origins are distinct from the H&amp;n Chinese, the Min today are virtually assimilated vlth the Han racially, culturally, and linguistically. Most, for example, speak only Chinese; the Mln language, which in the last dynasty vas still used alongside Chinese in official court documents* is veil on its vay to extinction (some M&amp;n speakers remain in Xlhul and THyH counties In Hell6ngjlang).</p><img src="0261-FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook_files/0261-FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook-3.png" style="width:204pt;height:263pt;"/>
<p>The three provinces of the Northeast</p>
<p>/3</p>
<p>Xlbli; &quot;the Horttamst,” a region vhich includes Nlngxl^, Xinjiang<sub>f</sub> Qīngh&amp;i» ShlnxS, and G&amp;ns^.</p>
<p>q^kuo le: &quot;have gone to<sup>w</sup> Notice that nev-sltuatlon le may follov a verb phrase vlth the ending -guo. Here are some other examples:</p>
<p>A: Nl chlguo tin le ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Have you eaten yet?</p>
<p>B: Chīgud le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yea.</p>
<p>A: Ta zvi xīnde diaziylng nl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hare you seen hla latest kinguo le ma? movie yet?</p>
<p>B: KiLnguo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes.</p>
<p>Paging: An oil-producing center (recently given the status of a city) in the S5ng*ldn Plain of southern Hell6ngjlang prorince• O&amp;qing Is the nation*s leading producer of crude oil, accounting for more than one third of the crude oil yoIum. China<sup>1</sup> s oil industry has only developed since 19的，and it vas the montanental exploration and drilling at Daqing, under extremely adverse conditions* that in large part enabled China to meet her ovn oil needs by 1963. In 19^, M&amp;o Z^dSng called on the vhole nation to learn from D8Lq.lng in industry (Gongye xu名 Paging) &lt;&nbsp;a slogan vhich continued to be heard through the Cultural Revolution.</p>
<p>8. A: Hi xlan z8u h2o le, w8 Jiū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You go ahead and leave. 1*11 be</p>
<p>lii. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;right there.</p>
<p>B: ESo. Hul t6u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay. See you In &amp;&nbsp;while.</p>
<p>Notes on No&gt; 8</p>
<p>...h&amp;o le： The ending h&amp;o le. literally &quot;and then it vill 'be okay,” haa a special meaning; the translation varies vlth the context. It is used vhen the speaker (1) agrees to something, permits someone to do something, or suggests that someone do something, or (2) gives in to something, doesn't care if something happens•</p>
<p>(1) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;VS qil hXo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>U go. (AGREEING TO DO SOMETHHia)</p>
<p>Zhao nl shuSde bin hSo le* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We<sup>f</sup>ll do it your vay, then. (AGBEEING</p>
<p>TO DO SOMETHING)</p>
<p>Nl shu5 ZhSngvěn hlo le, v8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Go ahead and speak Chinese. I under-</p>
<p>tīngded2ng« &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;stand. (SUGGESTING)</p>
<p>Nl n&amp;qu hXo le<sub>t</sub> w8 ydngvin le. Go ahead and take it. I'm finished</p>
<p>vith it. (PERMITTING)</p>
<p>(2) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nl bti qi hXo le» w8 ^ gioztng. So don,t go* then. But I<sup>9</sup>m not</p>
<p>happy about it.</p>
<p>Rang ti abuS hXo l«<sub>t</sub> v8 ^bil &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let him say vfaat he wants to； I</p>
<p>guXn! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;don*t caret</p>
<p>Hul t6ur Jiiū： ”See you later” This la a &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;expression. Hui t6u.</p>
<p>literaDy, <sup>n</sup>turn on®<sup>f</sup>8 head,” la used colloquially to mean &quot;later,” as in</p>
<p>Huf t6u vSmen zii t(a. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We<sup>f</sup>ll talk it over later.</p>
<p>W8 hul t6u l&amp;i. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>1</sup>!! 'be there in a minute.</p>
<p>Use Hul t6vr .1lin vhēū you expect to see the other person abortly.</p>
<p>9. A: Zhdlvdl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yinjlūde shi What subject does this scholar</p>
<p>nSlfSngmlinde věntl? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;study7</p>
<p>B: T5 y£nj iude zhuy^o shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She mainly studies languages and</p>
<p>yuy&amp;n he yuy&amp;nxue* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;linguistics.</p>
<p>Notes on No« 9</p>
<p>xuezh?： &quot;scholar&quot; You vill find the ending -zh? in &amp;&nbsp;nm'ber of words where it ne&amp;ns -de ren* ”a person vho....<sup>w</sup> In Unit h<sub>f</sub> you vlll leaxn gongzu6* zh2, &quot;worker (in &amp;&nbsp;certain field).<sup>n</sup> Other examples:</p>
<p>dňzh8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;reader (dň, &quot;read,&quot; vlll be presented in the next</p>
<p>module)</p>
<p>Jizh8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;reporter, Journalist (lit., &quot;one vbo records thing*<sup>11</sup>)</p>
<p>hu5dězh8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;recipient of &amp;&nbsp;prize, etc. (hudd£ means ”to obtftin”）</p>
<p>zhuyao: As on adjective, &quot;major/main/essential,&quot; and aa an advert<sub>f</sub> <sup>w</sup>Tn&amp;inly» &quot;essentiftlly&quot;:</p>
<p>Qil xTb?i<sub>f</sub> zhSyiode m&amp;dl shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The main reason for going to the</p>
<p>xlXng liXoJiS yidi&amp;zir guaoyli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Northwest la to find out about</p>
<p>nelrde n6ngy爸 shengchXn qingkuing. agricultural production there.</p>
<p>WSmen zher zhǔyi^de vent! shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Our main problem here is that</p>
<p>mii ql&amp;n. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ve have no zsoney.</p>
<p>Nir zhSyib zhSnl&amp;n xle shSome? What &amp;re the main things they</p>
<p>exhibit there? (^What mainly do they exhibit there?&quot;)</p>
<p>N萑ng *bu něng q£l<sub>9</sub> zhSyio kin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Whether or not ve can go depends</p>
<p>shljlan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mainly on time.</p>
<p>Ti zhttyio JlXngde ahl ZhSngguo- He spoke mainly about China's de shiytni shSngchln qlngkuing. oil production.</p>
<p>There are tiMmu vhan zhSy^o must be translated u &quot;essentially” rather than &amp;8 &quot;mainly,” for exaapl.:</p>
<p>W8 Jlntlin lil<sub>9</sub> zhSyio shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I came today essentially because</p>
<p>ylnvei v8de pengyou d5u l&amp;l le« all my frienda came.</p>
<p>This sentence does not Imply that there are any other reasons of lesser Importance.</p>
<p>ytSy£n: &quot;language&quot; The counter for &amp;&nbsp;language is usually -th8n£<sub>f</sub> &quot;kind&quot;:</p>
<p>Xu€ yizhSng y^Syixx shi yittin Learning a language isn't something liSngtlande sbi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you can do overnight (&quot;in a day</p>
<p>or two&quot;).</p>
<p>Zh5ngv(n thi. yizbSng blJiSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chinese is &amp;&nbsp;rather difficult language</p>
<p>xu^dft yQySa* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to learn.</p>
<p>Ta cbln^chlag Jiio tamen yixie He often teaches then language (words bi ylnggal Jlaode jn5y£n. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and phrases) that shouldn't be taught.</p>
<p>-YU can be used as the ending for the names of languages:</p>
<p>Yīngyō &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;English &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;XlbSnyiyu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Spanish</p>
<p>Hanyfi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chinese &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Děytt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;German</p>
<p>Rlytt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Japanese &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;F5y5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;French</p>
<p>itlab6ytt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Arabic &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ěytt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Russian</p>
<p>MXnyil &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Manchurian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yindiytt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hindi</p>
<p>vaiyǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;foreign language</p>
<p>The ending -hu&amp; (&amp;s in ZhSngguo hu&amp;) refers to Just the spoken language.</p>
<p>-Wěn can refer to (l) the written, or (2) the written plus the spoken• -Ytt does not differentiate spoken and written.</p>
<p>10. A: Z&amp;i XīnJiSng N^lafag yfd&amp;l In the region of Xinjiang and Inner meiyou hSn du5 ren shuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mongolia not many people speak</p>
<p>pSt5nghua ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;standard Chinese« do they?</p>
<p>B: Dui, zil ndixie difang, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right. In those places the minority</p>
<p>sh&amp;osh这 minzd yǔy&amp;n zhirt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nationality languages occupy the</p>
<p>xhǔy&amp;ode dtvei. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;major position.</p>
<p>Notes on No* 10</p>
<p>Xln.Uang: Formerly spelled Sinklang in English. Xlnjl&amp;ng« an autonomous region (not a province) in northwest China, ha丨 the largest area of all China*s provinces and autonomous regions. Population: 12 million (1981 est.)<sub>9</sub> of vhich about 6 million are of the Uygur nationality. For &amp;&nbsp;description of the region and its people* see Unit 6 Reference Notes.</p>
<p>Něim8ng: Also N?1 MfaggS. Inner Mongolia (also called Nei Monggol) is an autonomous region in north central China, population 9 million. About twenty percent of the population are Mongols• The capital is Hohhot (in Chinese, Huhfaiot^)•</p>
<p>Note: The facts as represented in exchange 10 need to 'be qualified. It is true that the minority nationality languages are still the most widely used in the raat rural areas of Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and other minority nationality regions* The larger cities In these regions<sub>y</sub> however, nov have substantial H2Ln Chinese populatlona» and In some cities the Han are even in the majority.</p>
<p>shXosbfi: ”minority” or ”a minority of,” ”a small number of” This is the opposite of duSshil^ &quot;majority,” vhich you learned in the Society module.</p>
<p>Timen shi shXosh^* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They are in the minority.</p>
<p>ZhX ySu shZoshii M&amp;n rin hii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There are only a ^iaall number of</p>
<p>ngog gfau5 Mloyfi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Manchurians vho can still speak</p>
<p>the M&amp;nchu language.</p>
<p>alnz6: &quot;nationality,&quot; &quot;a people,&quot; or &quot;nation&quot; in the non-governmental sense: &amp;&nbsp;people vho share coznmon origins» history, customs, and language. Examples: ZhSnghui mlnarii. ”the Chinese nation”； Ālab6 mlnzll, ”the Arab nation”； mlnzll dūll<sub>t</sub> &quot;national independence.</p>
<p>M?igu6 shi ylge duo mlnzlide &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;America Is &amp;&nbsp;nation of many ethnic</p>
<p>gu6jia. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;groups.</p>
<p>ShXoshal minz&amp; is ”minority nationality,<sup>n</sup> often translated aa &quot;national minority.<sup>n</sup> In the U.S., ve more often speak of <sup>n</sup>ethnic minorities,<sup>n</sup> but the Chinese prefer the translation <sup>n</sup>mlnority nationalities,</p>
<p>zh^n: (l) <sup>w</sup>to occupy<sup>w</sup> a space, &amp;rea<sub>f</sub> or position, (2) <sup>n</sup>to make up, <sup>n</sup>to constitute,<sup>w</sup> a proportion of an amount, or (3) <sup>n</sup>to take up<sup>w</sup> an amount of time</p>
<p>ZSnme h&amp;l y8u rěn zhanzhe zheige <sup>f</sup> Why are there still people occupying fingjiln? Gai vSmen ySng le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;this room? It<sup>f</sup>s our turn to use</p>
<p>it!</p>
<p>Zheizhang zhuSzi tai zh^n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This table takes up too much space,</p>
<p>difang le, bX ta banchuqu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let<sup>f</sup>s move it out.</p>
<p>Zheige f&amp;ngzi zhande difang ySu Hov much space does thi丨 building du6 da? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;take up?</p>
<p>Z&amp;i vSmen xuexiaode xueshengzhong <sub>y</sub> Minority nationality students make shloshū mlnzll xu^shSng zh&amp;n yl- up about h&amp;lf of the students in bLi zuSydu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;our school.</p>
<p>Xl^nz^i f&amp;nS zii shehuishang zh&amp;n Nov vomen are occupying a more and yuě l&amp;i yuS zhdngyaode divei le. more important position in society.</p>
<p>Zhen duibuql, zhinle nl bd shXo Please excuse me for talcing up so shljiizu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ouch of your time.</p>
<p>11. A: iXmsn zlXng qūde diqu qu&amp;n Have you been to all the regions you d5u le baT H&amp;l y8u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vanted to go to? Do you have any</p>
<p>sh&amp;me vent! meiyou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;more questions?</p>
<p>B: MSlyou shenme vent! le<sub>y</sub> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We don*t have any more questions.</p>
<p>L&amp;dngshěde gongzud gXode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The China Travel Service did &amp;&nbsp;very</p>
<p>h8n hlo, vSiaen hSn mlmrt. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;good Job and ve<sup>f</sup>re very pleased.</p>
<p>Notes on No. 11</p>
<p>diqu： &quot;region,” ”district,” ”area”</p>
<p>B?ijlng diq&amp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the BSiJIng area</p>
<p>Hu£b8i dlqā &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the north China region</p>
<p>duS shin diqu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a mountainous district</p>
<p>qu£n: (1) <sup>n</sup>to be coaplete,” （2) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;vhole,” &quot;entire(3) &quot;entirely,” &quot;completely”</p>
<p>Zhěitio shū 'bH quin, distbSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This set of books is incomplete;</p>
<p>měiy5u le* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the fourth volume is missing.</p>
<p>Qufin shljiě yig3ng y8u duSshio Hov many languages are there in zh5ng y2y£n? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the vhole world?</p>
<p>LiXngsazmiin m备i shuo Zhongven After not speaXing Chinese for two le, chibuduS quin wing le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;or three years， (I) have alaoat</p>
<p>completely forgotten it.</p>
<p>WS bl n^i jXj lin ylfu qu&amp;n gti I gave all those articles of clothing tS le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to him.</p>
<p>IiSxlngsh备:Short for Zh5nggu6 Lftxfngsh-, China Travel Service (CTS)» or ZhSnggu6 Gu6.1i lSx!ngsh^* China International Travel Service (CITS). These are the tvo goyemmezit agencies through wbich all travel arrangements in China are handled. Representatives from CITS accompany tour groups in China.</p>
<p>gXo: &quot;to do, &quot;to carry on,” ”to engage in,” <sup>n</sup>ta work in” a certain field or endeavor.</p>
<p>GXo sbezuae n«? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What are you doing? OR What are</p>
<p>you \xp to?</p>
<p>ZhelJ tin sht v8 glolal gloqCl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I We tried doing this all different</p>
<p>^obuhXo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vays and I Juat can<sup>f</sup>t get it right.</p>
<p>glo vdi 丨bS&amp;g &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to do cleaniqp</p>
<p>(glo a taak <sub>4</sub> glo ahingchla &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to engage in production</p>
<p>or endeavor) glo ■hdhuizhfiTi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to practice socialism</p>
<p>glo Stge XidndAihui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to carry on the Four Modernizations</p>
<p>，现 shi 成）fSnyide. He's a translator. (&quot;He works in</p>
<p>translation.&quot;)</p>
<p>(由 a line &lt;&nbsp;TS ahl gXo v^zucu^de. He vorks In literature, of vork) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;TS shi glo xlnvende. He<sup>f</sup>s a Journalist/reporter/etc•</p>
<p>Ta shi gXo n6ngyide» He vorks in agriculture.</p>
<p>_</p>
<p>G|ohXo, vhich is especially comoon In political t&amp;Uc<sub>t</sub> means ”to make &amp;&nbsp;good Job of (something)&gt;<sup>n</sup> or ”to handle (something) veil”：</p>
<p>GXohXo sbingchXn shi v5men zui Handling production veil is our zhdngy&amp;ode gongzud. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;most Important Job.</p>
<p>Glo is used vltb auy resultatlve vert endings (in the follcnrlng tvo exasKples g&amp;o is lnt#rchAageftble with n5ng, &quot;to do&quot;):</p>
<p>Shil bX ySdm ebS gXohuil le? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Who broke my bicycle/car?</p>
<p>故i, nl yōu gSocmd le<sub>v</sub> zheige No, you’ve got it wrong again. This zl b1i shi &quot;niEo,&quot; shi &quot;vū.&quot; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;character isn<sup>f</sup>t &quot;niEo,&quot; it*s &quot;vū.&quot;</p>
<p>Z 吝 nne glode Is an idiom, used as foil ova:</p>
<p>r</p>
<p>ZSnme glode?! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;, What vent vrong?! OR</p>
<p>What<sup>f</sup>s wrong?! OR ‘What the ... ?!</p>
<p>A: Ta shuo ta bň l£l le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nov he says he iaz^t coming.</p>
<p>B: ZSnme g&amp;ode? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov come?</p>
<p>A: Ta bū shūfu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He isn*t feeling well.</p>
<p>NT zSmne glode?! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sub>4</sub> What<sup>f</sup>s vlth you? OS</p>
<p>What's the matter vith you? OR What the heck are you doing?</p>
<p>v</p>
<p>，&quot;to be pleased,” &quot;to be satl8fled<sup>n</sup> This Is often used vith the prepositional verb dui. <sup>n</sup>toward,<sup>n</sup> equivalent to English &quot;pleased vlth”:</p>
<p>成n du5 r^n dui DSngde yixle &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Many people are dissatisfied vlth</p>
<p>zh^ngcd bū z&amp;Xnyi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;some of the Party<sup>1</sup> s policies.</p>
<p>W8de huld&amp;, nl mixsyi ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are you satisfied vlth iny ansver?</p>
<p>TS dui nl zhime h&amp;o* nX vei- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He,s so good to you; why are you</p>
<p>shenme hii bū ndbyi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;still dissatisfied?</p>
<p>Ylge mlnyide huldt is an idloa for <sup>w</sup>a satisfactory answer.”</p>
<p>W25 xīving nSiig g^l nl ylge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I hope I can give you a satisfactory</p>
<p>mSoyide huldi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;answer.</p>
<p>Unit 1. Rerlev Dialogue</p>
<p>Professor James Armstrong (B) (Amttsrtel&amp;ng Jiaoshōu). the leader of an</p>
<p>American tour group visiting China, ia talking in his room at the B?ijlng Hotel</p>
<p>vith Chen Gu6qi£ng (A) of the China Travel Service (Zhongguo LSxfngah^). Later</p>
<p>they axe Joined by Beth Troiano (C) (Běisī Teluoannuo), an American linguist.</p><h6>A: ĀmiiBĪt^lXng Ji&amp;oflhdu, n£n hSo, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hello, Professor Armstrong. Hov</h6>
<p>xlūxlde zSnmey&amp;ng? Eii lei bu lei? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vm your rest? Are you still tired?</p>
<p>B: Eii hXo, til lii le, shutle &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pretty good. I’m not too tired</p>
<p>yfge zh5o^t6u<sub>y</sub> hXoduo le. Nī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;anymore. I slept for an hour and</p>
<p>zuS, nl zud. Bū yao k^qi. Dut &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I feel a lot tetter. Sit dovn, sit</p>
<p>le, w5 h&amp;i vingle věn nl, Chen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dovn. Make yourself at home. Oh,</p>
<p>Xl&amp;nsheng* w5 zSnse chenghu nl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yea, I keep forgetting to &amp;ak you,</p>
<p>hSo neT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mr. Chen<sub>y</sub> ^rtiat shall I c&amp;ll yout</p>
<p>A: Nln Jill Jiio vB Chin Gu6qi&amp;ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Just c&amp;ll me Chin Gu6qi&amp;zig. LXo</p>
<p>hXo le. Z&amp;i z5ul&amp;ng gongzudde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;W&amp;zig vfao vorka in the corridor</p>
<p>Llo W&amp;ng zhldao vB. Nln y5u shi, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;knovs me. If you have any problems,</p>
<p>Jiū iiio ta zhio XlXo Ch^n<sub>y</sub> ta &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Just tell him to get XiXo Ch(n.</p>
<p>Jiū zhīdao le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He<sup>f</sup>ll knov vho.</p>
<p>B: Haha<sub>y</sub> LSo V&amp;ng» XiXo Ch^n, ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Haha<sub>f</sub> LXo W&amp;ng» XlXo ChCn<sub>f</sub> that's</p>
<p>ytsi* Dui le<sub>f</sub> nl l&amp;i, y5u shenme &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;interesting. Well: Is there some</p>
<p>shi ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;particular reason you caaet</p>
<p>A： Shi zhdiy&amp;ngrde• W5 lil zbio nl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>f</sup>s like this. I've come to see</p>
<p>shi xlXng zai hi nl t&amp;n ylxla nl- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you to discuss your travel plans</p>
<p>mende libdCng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;some more vith you.</p>
<p>B: WSaen zai NiS Yuede shlhou, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When we vere in Nev York, the</p>
<p>zheige Jihui yii īzig chibuduS anpii* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;plans vere already aljnost all ar-</p>
<p>hXo le, shi Luxlngsh^ anpiide• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ranged. It vu the (China) Travel</p>
<p>Service that arranged them.</p>
<p>A: Zui Jin lSzlzigde rěn xlangdang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There have teen quite a fev tour*</p>
<p>du5, vSmen zui hXo zii t&amp;oyl- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ists lately. It vould be best to</p>
<p>tin. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;discuss [this] some more.</p>
<p>B: Dazigr£n» dingr£n* Btigud<sub>f</sub> nl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Of course<sub>y</sub> of course. But, you</p>
<p>zhldao BdlsI ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;knov Beth, don't you?</p>
<p>A: Beisī? W5 xlXngylxlXng, A<sub>y</sub> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Beth? Let me think. Ah, Beth.</p>
<p>Beiaī. TSlu6Snnud XiXoJiS? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Miss Troiano?</p>
<p>B: Y^dlXnr b&lt;i cud, zhěng shi tS! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Absolutely right, that's her!</p>
<p>Ta blJiXo liSoJiS v8men zhei ershl* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She understands more about vfaat</p>
<p>ge ren zxdt xīvaxig canguSnde difang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;places our group of twenty people</p>
<p>shi shCnme. V5men qlng ta lii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;most vant to visit* Let's ask</p>
<p>t&amp;ntan, hXo bu hSo? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;her to come and discuss thls« okay?</p>
<p>A: Hlo J lift. Yio bu yao w8 qil &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sure. Do you vant me to go and</p>
<p>qlnS ta? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ask her?</p>
<p>B: Bd bi. VS dX ge dl&amp;nhu^. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You don't have to do that; 1,11</p>
<p>make a phone call.</p>
<p>(Professor Armstrong telephones Beth Troiano, then Chen and Armstrong</p>
<p>continue to talk vhile vaiting for her,)</p>
<p>A: JiioshSu, nl Juede B?ijīng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Professor, hov do you like the</p>
<p>FaLndiaLn z?nmey4ng? Hai keyi zhQ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B?ijīng Hotel? Is it livable? b&amp;?</p>
<p>B: Bū cu5, bti cuS. JiQ shi shi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It’s nice, very nice. It's Just</p>
<p>Jian chingle, hut Juede kongqi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that after a vhile one feels that</p>
<p>*bil hSo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the air isn’t good.</p>
<p>A： H&amp;ha..• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Haha..•</p>
<p>(There is a knock at the door, then Miss Troiano enters.)</p>
<p>C: W5 l&amp;i le. Zheivei shi...? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Here I am. This is...?</p>
<p>A: Chěn Gu5qi&amp;ng. Zhonggu6 LiLdog.* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chin GuSqiing, of the China Travel</p>
<p>shede. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Service.</p>
<p>C： Nl hXo. W8 sht BeisI Telu6&amp;xmud• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov are you? I<sup>f</sup>a Beth Troiano.</p>
<p>A: Hu&amp;nylng nln lii Zhonggu6 can- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Welcome to China. I've heard</p>
<p>guSn fSngvdn. Tīngshuo rxln shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that you vork in linguistics? gXo yQyanzu^de?</p>
<p>C: Shi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yea.</p>
<p>A: Suoyi nlnde Zh5ngv£n name hXo! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That*s vby your Chinese is so good!</p>
<p>C: A! Xlinzii h8n du5 r驀n dui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, a lot of people are interested</p>
<p>Zh5ngv£n ySu xingqu» Zhongv6n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in Chinese nov. And there are more</p>
<p>hSode rěn yud lil yuě duo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and more people vith good Chinese.</p>
<p>A: SbiāBf nhiām. HSo, xlinzai w8- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yea, yes. All right, let*3 talk</p>
<p>men l£l t&amp;ntan lSxlng J^huide shi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;about your travel plans• It vould</p>
<p>Zbdige jǐhui zui hlo JīntiSn* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;be best to arrange the vhole thing</p>
<p>mlngtitn liXngtiSn qutnbū, anp&amp;i* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in the next day or tvo. hXo.</p>
<p>B: Hlode» hSode. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fine, fine.</p>
<p>C: WSaen zheici l&amp;ide ershige ren, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The majority of our group of</p>
<p>d&amp;bxifdn ahl jiaoshdu. Z&amp;l &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;25 vho came this time are scholars</p>
<p>NlQ Yue, vSoen yljIng hi Zhonggu6 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and professors. In Nev York, ve</p>
<p>fSngmian liinxigud le, v8men dui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have already been in contact vith</p>
<p>Zh8nggu6d« gSngn6ngyd qlngkuang, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Chinese* We are very such</p>
<p>Jiaoyal qlngkuang dou hSn ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;interested in the Chinese industrial</p>
<p>xingqu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and agricultxir&amp;l situation and the</p>
<p>educational situation.</p>
<p>A: Nlmen zh各ici zhTSyio shi zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This time you are mainly visiting</p>
<p>Sh&amp;nghSl, B?ijTng zhelxle difangr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and touring in B?ijīag and ShanghSi,</p>
<p>c&amp;nguan» fSngven, shi bu shi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;these places, ins<sup>f</sup>t that so?</p>
<p>C: Dui le. H&amp;l y5u, vSmen y5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That<sup>f</sup>s right. But also, ve have</p>
<p>hSn duo r^n, duǐ Zh5nggu6de Dong- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;many people vho are especially in-</p>
<p>b?i diqu feichSng y5u xingqu, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;terested in China<sup>r</sup>s Northeast</p>
<p>tebiě shi D&amp;qing zheige shfyfiu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;region, in particular the oil city,</p>
<p>cheng. Bil zhld&amp;o vSmen shi bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Daqing. I don<sup>f</sup>t knov whether shi Iceyl qQ canguan...ve can visit it....?</p>
<p>A: Qū O&amp;qing digii miiyou shenzae &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There vcm*t be any problem vlth</p>
<p>věnti. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;going to D&amp;qing.</p>
<p>B: WSmen h&amp;i yio q\i neixie ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We also vant to go to thos« faaoua</p>
<p>mlngde difang, zl&amp;ng Suzhou, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pl&amp;ces, like SuzhSu, E&amp;zigzhSu«</p>
<p>HingzhSu, Hu^ngshSn, Guilin<sub>9</sub> shen- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hu&amp;ngshSn, Guilin, etc. Those</p>
<p>mede. Zheixie dif&amp;ng hi Zhong* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pl&amp;ces are closely related to China's</p>
<p>gu6de lishl, v£nhu£» y5u hen dlde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;history and culture. One azuan’t alas</p>
<p>gu&amp;nxi. DfLo Zh5nggu6 l&amp;i, zhei- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;them on &amp;&nbsp;trip to China, xie difang n^ng bil qd.</p>
<p>A: Dangr£n<sub>9</sub> dangr&amp;n. Zheixie &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Of course, of course. Those have</p>
<p>dou yīiIng chibuduo Snp£ihSo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;almost all been arranged.</p>
<p>B: Ni hXo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That<sup>1</sup>8 fine.</p>
<p>C: W8 k€yl bu k$yl dio Zhonggu6de &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Could I go to China's Northwest? XlbSi qū ylxii?</p>
<p>A: 0! Qd XlbSi. ..zběi ySu yidlXn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh! To the Northvest. That’s</p>
<p>věntl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;bit of &amp;&nbsp;problem.</p>
<p>C; ZSnme ne? Shi bu shi ylnvei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What's that? Is it because there</p>
<p>shlJiSn bil gdu a? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;isn't enough time?</p>
<p>A; D\ii<sub>#</sub> shljiln bix gdu. W8 xlXng, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right, there isn't enough time.</p>
<p>nZmen till Zh5nggu6 Jiil ySu stge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I think that since you only hare four</p>
<p>xingql, Hu£bXl» DSogb2l» Hu£o£n» &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;veeks in China <sub>9</sub> your time vlll be</p>
<p>Xlnin, 丨hlJiSn chfibuduS qoo£n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;almost entirely taken by North Chln&amp;&gt;</p>
<p>zh&amp;nv&amp;n le. Xiici lii Zh5nggu6 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Manchuria» South China and the south*</p>
<p>zii q{l xlb?i ba. Nln lean hXo bil &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vest&gt; Why not visit the Northwest on</p>
<p>hSo? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;your next trip to Chln&amp;. What do you</p>
<p>say?</p>
<p>C: Dulbūql, v8 gSode shi jKJjr£nxuě! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vm sorry, but my work ia linguls-</p>
<p>NělaSog» Xinjiang yld&amp;i v8 zhen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tics! I really vant to go to Inner</p>
<p>xiXng qū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mongolia and Xīnji&amp;ng.</p>
<p>B: Ta 7&amp;njiude zhSyiU) Jii shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Her research is mainly on thm</p>
<p>Zh5nggu6de shSoshū mlnzti y^&amp;n. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;minority nationality languages •</p>
<p>A: Hii! Zhen duttnxql, vō h&amp;l ylv^i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh! Pardon me!工 thought your</p>
<p>nln giode shi p^tonghua ne! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;your work vas in the standard</p>
<p>language!</p>
<p>C: Mil guSnrl, guSnxi• Bti- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That<sup>f</sup>s all right, that<sup>1</sup> s all right,</p>
<p>guo ySu Jlhul vS h^ishl xlSng qū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nonetheless if there * s a chance, I</p>
<p>Xfb?i k&amp;nk&amp;n. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vould still like to go visit the</p>
<p>Northvest.</p>
<p>A; Dui le, Ydnn&amp;n, Guizhou, GuSng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh yes--the &amp;reas of Y1lnn&amp;n,</p>
<p>xl yldai y? ySu h?n duo shSosh^ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Guizhou, and GuSngxI &amp;lso have many</p>
<p>mlnzll. Nln qO. Guilfnde shfhou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;minority nationalities—you can do</p>
<p>JiO. 1/iiyi zu6 diSnr yinjiū le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;some research vhen you go to Guilin!</p>
<p>C: Ou! N&amp;nf&amp;ng gen b?ifangde yiSyin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh! The languages of the north</p>
<p>b\i ylyang. Yaoshi ySu b&amp;nfX hii- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and south &amp;re- not the same. If</p>
<p>shi &quot;bing w5 anp&amp;l yixiar ba. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it<sup>1</sup>8 possible, I*d 8till rather you</p>
<p>arranged it for me.</p>
<p>A; Tsk...Zh各 ahir ySu yidlXnr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ossa.. .This ia 丨&quot;bit trouble-</p>
<p>m&amp;f&amp;n, dSng w8 llngdXo y£njiǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;some. Let me discuss it vith the</p>
<p>ylxia z&amp;l shuo ba. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;leader, and then ve<sup>1</sup>!! see aboxzt</p>
<p>it.</p>
<p>6: 0<sub>y</sub> nl z&amp;l xiSngxiSng, rliguS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, you give it some more thought.</p>
<p>keyi anp&amp;iy n&amp; dui Beisī shi h!n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If it can be arranged, that vould</p>
<p>d&amp;de b&amp;ngzhū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;be a great help to Beth.</p>
<p>C: Dui le. Nln shishi kan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right. See if you can.</p>
<p>A: Ng.. .Zhdly&amp;ng hXo &quot;bu hXo? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hsssm.. .Hov about this: After</p>
<p>Nlmen fSngvenle BSlJIng hi Daqing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you<sup>f</sup>ve visited B2ljlng &amp;nd Daqing,</p>
<p>ylhSu, Simlaīt^lSog Ji&amp;oshdu nlnen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Professor Azmatrong and the other</p>
<p>shii iSge ren b&amp;lshl qū Sh&amp;ngh&amp;i, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;19 people atiU go on to Shangh&amp;l,</p>
<p>SuzhSu, H&amp;ogzbSu, Guilin. Tělu6- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SuzhSu, HfingzhSu and Guilin, tut Miss</p>
<p>Snnud XiXoJiS gen liogvili ylge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Troiano goes to the Northvest vith</p>
<p>l2xfngtu£n qd XlbSl. LlkSl Xīb^l &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;another tour group. After leaving</p>
<p>ylhSu, y8 Jill shi binge yud ylhdu, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Northvest<sub>t</sub> that is, after half</p>
<p>nfn zǐl Jīnggud Shingh&amp;l dio &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a month, then you go to GuXngzhSu</p>
<p>Gulngzh5u. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by way of Shangh&amp;i.</p>
<p>B: ftg, n2 vSben h£l shi ytql c6ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Horn, then ve still leave the</p>
<p>ShSnsběn 11Jtng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;country together from Shenzhen.</p>
<p>A: Dul» nlmen kin zSzuney&amp;ng. YSxil &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ri曲t. See vhat you think. Per-</p>
<p>zhe shi yfge b&amp;nfa. Bllgud, zing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;haps that might work. Hovever, ve</p>
<p>&quot;bu ring, h£l dSl v8men y&amp;njlule &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;won<sup>,</sup>t knov If it<sup>f</sup>s possible until</p>
<p>ylhSu c&amp;l zhīdao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ve*ve looked Into it.</p>
<p>C: Zai vSmende l3xfngtu£ali, v8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;工 have several other friends in</p>
<p>H^-i y5u jlge pCngyou* W8 y8 dSi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;our tour group.工 must talk it</p>
<p>hi tian tistia. zlXngxlSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;over vlth them too, and see vhat</p>
<p>zSnaeyiagr bXo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is *best.</p>
<p>A: WSaen d8u yCnJiuTanJiu z&amp;i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let<sup>f</sup>s both look into it *befpre</p>
<p>zud anpii. Blogud, vSmen dSi kuai making arrangements. But ve should</p>
<p>dlSnr. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;be quick about it.</p>
<p>B: HSode. WSmen vinfin ylhou z&amp;l &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fine. Let<sup>f</sup>s talk it over again</p>
<p>tin yici. Nl xlSng zJfnneying, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;after dinner. What do you think,</p>
<p>B^isI? L^ideji ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Beth? Does that give you enough</p>
<p>time?</p>
<p>C: W5 xlfcig Nine, Jiū m£f&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I think so. Well then, ve<sup>f</sup>ll</p>
<p>nfn le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;trouble you (to take care of this).</p>
<p>A: Meiyou shenme. W8 xīvcLng neng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It <sup>f</sup>s nothing. I hope it can &quot;be</p>
<p>anp&amp;ide heshi. Hul t6u Ji&amp;n. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;arranged sult&amp;lsly. See you later.</p>
<p>C: Xidxle nln. Hul t6u Jiin! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thank you. See you later!</p><img src="0261-FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook_files/0261-FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook-4.png" style="width:520pt;height:378pt;"/>
<p>Unit 1, Tape 2 Vorkbook</p>
<p>Exercige 1</p>
<p>This exercise is a revlev of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker vlll say a sentence in English, followed by a pauae for you to translate it into Chinese. Then &amp;&nbsp;second speaJter vlll confirm your answer.</p>
<p>All sentences from the Reference List vlll occur only once. You may want to rewind the tape and practice this exercise several times.</p>
<p>Exercise 2</p>
<p>In this exercise, an American tourist discusses hotel reservations vlth the desk clerk at the BSiJīng Hotel.</p>
<p>The conversation occurs only once* After listening to it CQ^l«tely<sub>t</sub> you'll probably vant to rewind the tape and answer the questions belov &amp;s you listen a second time.</p>
<p>Here are the nev words and phrases you vlll need to understand this conversation:</p>
<p>kSněng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be possible</p>
<p>kongchiilal &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to become vacant</p>
<p>ti&amp;ozi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a brief, inforiD&amp;l note</p>
<p>Questions for Exercise 2</p>
<p>Prepare your ansvers to these questions in Chinese so that you vill be able to give them orally in cl&amp;as.</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What problem is the tourist discussing vlth the desk clerk?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov do&quot; tlM desk clerk discover the change in plans?</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Describe vfaat actions took place by filling in the spaces belov:</p>
<p>Hotel personnel American tourist Group still occupying</p>
<p>groiq) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rooms</p>
<p>2:00 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;j j</p>
<p>2:30 __</p>
<p>2:U0 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;~ ~__</p>
<p>3:00 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;J I I ■</p>
<p>T7L, Unit 1</p>
<p>After you hart ansvered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this coQTersation. You may also want to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your ansvers.</p>
<p>Note: The tranalations used in these dialogues are meant to indicate the English functional equivalents for the Chinese sentences rather than the literal meaning of the Chinese.</p>
<p>Exercise 3</p>
<p>In this conversation, an American valka into the dining room of the B?ijlng Hotel in a hurry and calls a waiter.</p>
<p>Listen to the conversation once straight through. Then, on the second time through<sub>t</sub> look belov and ansver the questions.</p>
<p>Here are the nev words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:</p>
<p>-fin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for portions of food)</p>
<p>huStuX sanmfngzhi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ham sandwich</p>
<p>kSuyln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;accent</p>
<p>yuyfcucuěj ia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;linguist</p>
<p>tlngdechu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be able to distinguish by listening</p>
<p>y8u mlng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be famous</p>
<p>gSiti&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;another day</p>
<p>Note: The waiter in this &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dialogue speaks with a slight ShinghSi accent.</p>
<p>Questions for Exercise 3</p>
<p>Prepare your ansven to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in cl&amp;ss*</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Why Is the American in a hurry?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Give some exaa^les of vords that the v&amp;lter pronounces differently.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What subject is the American interested in?</p>
<p>h. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What are the valter's interests? Is he interested in linguistics?</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Can you infer yty the vaiter cuts the conversation short?</p>
<p>After you have ansvered these questions yourself, you may vant to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also vant to listen to the conversation to help you practice saying the ansvers which you have prepared.</p>
<p>Exercigt k</p>
<p>In this conreraation* &amp;&nbsp;Vaahington Poat correspondent talks to &amp;&nbsp;worker In front of the Dcthui Cinema in B2iJIngT</p>
<p>Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then rewind the tape and listen again. On the second time through, ansver the questions.</p>
<p>You vill need the follovlng nev words and phrases:</p>
<p>chuangkSu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vindov (e.g., ticket window)</p>
<p>Jtzh? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nevapaper reporter</p>
<p>xlnvenplSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nevsreel</p>
<p><sup>n</sup>Xlnvěn JiSntao&quot; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;Nevs Summary”</p>
<p>(coianter for films)</p>
<p>gāshlpiaor &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;feature film</p>
<p>WgduS JlnhuS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Five Golden Floverg (a film)</p>
<p>Dill &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a city in Yūnn&amp;n province)</p>
<p>kiqing gāsbi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;love story</p>
<p>yin dlinylng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to shov a movie</p>
<p>pianzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;film, movie</p>
<p>Question丨 for Exercise k</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov long has the reporter been in BSiJ Ing?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What things does the reporter like about 8!ijīng?</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What morimn and nevsreels h&amp;s he seen? Which one does the worker reconmend?</p>
<p>k<sub>m</sub> Trcm th« nevsreel the reporter describes» vh&amp;t can you gather about hov Chinese &quot;nevsreel■” differ in content from American ones?</p>
<p>After you h&amp;Te ansvered these questions yourself, you may vant to take &amp;&nbsp;look at the translation for this cozrrers&amp;tion* You may also vant to listen to the convers&amp;tion again to help you pronounce your ansvers correctly.</p>
<p>Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 2</p>
<p>An American tourist (A) talks vlth the front desk clerk (B) at the</p>
<p>BSlJīng Hotel.</p>
<p>A: Ai, du^Tbuqr, loush&amp;zigde fSngJian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Say, excuse me, there aren<sup>f</sup>t enough</p>
<p>b1l gdu le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rooms for us upstairs.</p>
<p>B: BiS gdu le? ZSnae keneng ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There aren’t enough? Hov is that</p>
<p>WSmen anp&amp;lde hSoh&amp;orde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;possible? Ve made all the aLrrangements.</p>
<p>A: Shi zhende, vSmen zhelge cSnguan- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It's true. In all there are twenty*</p>
<p>tn£n yfgong ersbls&amp;nge r各n, nīmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;three people in our tour group. You</p>
<p>gSngcfii shuo vBmen quinbū d5u zhū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Just said that ve*re all staying on</p>
<p>z&amp;l qll6u, ylgozig y5u shlsige f£ng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the seventh floor, in fourteen rooms</p>
<p>Ji&amp;n, dui *bu dui? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;altogether, right?</p>
<p>B: Dulbuqr, qlng m&amp;n yidlXnr shxxS, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I,m sorry, could you say th&amp;t more</p>
<p>v3 b&lt;i jtde le. D2ngyid2ng<sub>9</sub> v8 lii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;slowly? I don't remember. V&amp;lt 丨</p>
<p>kankan 1 d, zii 2hěr! Nīmen shl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;minute, let me have a look. 0h<sub>f</sub> here</p>
<p>yige M8lgxi5de lflxlngtu£n sbi bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it is. You are an American tour</p>
<p>shi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;group, aren<sup>f</sup>t you?</p>
<p>A: Shi a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thtft,s right!</p>
<p>B: firshisazige rěn, yfgdng k&amp;i shlsi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tventy*three people taking fourteen</p>
<p>ge fingJlSn* qu£a zai qll6u, Dui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rooms altogether, all on the seventh</p>
<p>a! Měi cu3 a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;floor. That*s right! There<sup>1</sup>s no</p>
<p>mistake!</p>
<p>A: Bfi dui! Jiū. y8u shl^rge kSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No! There are only tvelve free</p>
<p>f&amp;ngjian, y5u liSzigge f&amp;ngJiSn h&amp;i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rooms. Two of the rooms still have</p>
<p>ySu rin na! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;people in them!</p>
<p>B: H&amp;i ySu ren? ZSzime hui neT W8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Still have people in them? Hov</p>
<p>h&amp;l ylvěi tSsien JlntiSn zXochen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;could that be? I thought they bad</p>
<p>yljlng c6ng Shenzhen lfjing le ne! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;left the country this morning by way</p>
<p>ZSnme dio zl^nzii h£i zhizizbe vuzl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of ShSnshen! Why are they still</p>
<p>ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;occupying the rooms T</p>
<p>A: Bil zhIdio» nln zui hXo xlSngziang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don<sup>f</sup>t knov. You<sup>1</sup>4 better think</p>
<p>bi^de bjLxifS» hii y8u mClyou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of some other solution, and see if</p>
<p>kSng fingzi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;there are aay other rooms free.</p>
<p>B: Bi^de TsSng f£ogzl shl yfding &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vm positive there aren<sup>f</sup>t any other</p>
<p>ySu a! W5 zlan llXoJiS yixii zhel- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;free roooa. First let me try and find</p>
<p>llSngge f&amp;ogzl veishenste d&amp;o^xloja* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;out ^rtiy those tvo rooms haven*t been</p>
<p>zai h£i meiyou kongchiilai! 0! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vacated yet. Oh! There<sup>1</sup> s &amp;&nbsp;note here</p>
<p>Zh^r y5u yfge tliozi^ ahu5 tSmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;saying that their plans have been</p>
<p>gXi zil xlivQ sSndiSn zhSng llkSi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;changed and th&amp;t they*re leaving BSi«</p>
<p>BSiJIng. HSoJlle! Mei went! le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jlng at three this afternoon. Great!</p>
<p>No more problem.</p>
<p>A: XIanzil cCl liXngdlXn zbSng, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It*s only tvo o*clock now, hov much</p>
<p>vSmen hil d2l d8ng du6 Jitt? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;longer do ve have to vait?</p>
<p>B: LiXngdlln taaen Jiū dSi llkSi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They* 11 have to leave their rooms</p>
<p>fingJiSn, dio fiiJIchXng d?i yong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;at tvo: it takes forty minutes to</p>
<p>sishifen zhSng ne! WSmen gXo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;get to the airport! It vlll be</p>
<p>ylxlar veisheng, sanshlfen zhong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;thirty minutes vhile ve clean the</p>
<p>ba! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rooms•</p>
<p>A: Nine liSngdlXn ban vSmen Jiū ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;So ve can have the rooms at tvo-</p>
<p>fingjl&amp;n le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;thirty.</p>
<p>B: Dui le. Dao canting he bei ka- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right. Why don<sup>f</sup>t you go have a cup</p>
<p>fSi, xiuxl ylxia, shfjian Jiū dao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of coffee in the dining room and rest</p>
<p>le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a bit, and then it vill be time.</p>
<p>A: HXo, xlěxle nln. Huf t6u Jiin. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay. Thank you. See you later.</p>
<p>B: Hul t6u Jian* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;See you later.</p>
<p>Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 3</p>
<p>An American (A) valks into the dining room of the BSiJīng Hotel In &amp;</p>
<p>hurry and calls a vaiter (B).</p>
<p>A: Duibuql, ytbei re kafei, Jiū yio &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Excuse me, a cup of hot coffee, with</p>
<p>nillnXi» bfi yko ting<sub>9</sub> yffěn huStuI &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cream only, no sugar, and a ham sand-</p>
<p>a£nmfnp|gh^, Yuě kuii yue hiol &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vlch. As fast as possible!</p>
<p>B: MSiti&amp;n dou shl <sup>n</sup>yuě kuii yui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Every day it<sup>f</sup>s ”as f&amp;st &amp;b poss*</p>
<p>hXo,&quot; nZ zhen m£ng a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ible•” You<sup>1</sup> re so busy!</p>
<p>A: Nī zhīd&amp;o tiaen g2i vo Snp&amp;ile &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You knov, they arranged so many</p>
<p>neu&amp;e duS yio flngvlnde dif&amp;zig. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pl&amp;ces for me to visit. I only wish</p>
<p>Zhen shl yitiSn y8u sanshlliilge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;th&amp;t there were thirty-six hours in</p>
<p>£h5ngt6u c£i bXo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;day.</p>
<p>B: HSot bio. WS alflhitng Jiū l£i. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay. I’ll te right back.</p>
<p>(One minute later<sub>9</sub> the v&amp;lter comes back vlth the lunch.)</p>
<p>B: Nlde 8inmlngzhi<sub>9</sub> kSfSi, nilSnXi• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Your sandvlch, coffee, and milk.</p>
<p>A: Zhen leuii. Xi^xle nl« l&amp;i_ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That vas really fast. Thank you.</p>
<p>le 丨itiSn le, kSshl h&amp;ishl tī shl- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gee, I’ve been here four days and I āko z2nme cheoghu ni, zhen dutbuql• still don't knov hov to address you,</p>
<p>I'm very sorry.</p>
<p>B: Nl Jii JiflLo vo XiXo Lid hXo le» &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Just call me XiSo Lid. It<sup>f</sup>s the</p>
<p>bīJiXo r6ngyl . &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;easiest to remember.</p>
<p>A： XiSo LlH, ting nZde kSuyln nl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;XiSo LiU, your accent sounds like</p>
<p>dag&amp;i shl ninfing r^n. Shl Sh&amp;ng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you<sup>1</sup>re probably a southerner. You<sup>1</sup>re</p>
<p>hXi r(n» dui bu dul? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;from ShangbXi, right?</p>
<p>B: Nl zhen 3hi ygyllnxueJiS-* bild&amp;zi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You*re a real linguist. Not only</p>
<p>hui shuo Zhongguo hua, h£i tlngde- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;can you speak Chinese, you can even</p>
<p>chǔ ninfSng, b^if&amp;ng kSuyīnde bil &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tell the difference between a northern</p>
<p>t6ng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and a southern accent.</p>
<p>A: Nili, n£li. W8 yinjiūde zhQyao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thank you. I mainly do research on</p>
<p>shi pStSnghua, dui fSngjr&amp;n měiyou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Standard Chinese. I丨m not veil versed</p>
<p>shenme y&amp;njiǔ, zhQy&amp;o shi vS dui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in the dialects. The main thing is</p>
<p>ZhSngv^n feich&amp;ng y5u xingqu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that ī^m very interested in Chinese.</p>
<p>DSngb2i, Xtb2i, n£nfang• b?ifang, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Manchuria, the northvest, the south,</p>
<p>m?iyfge difang, m?iy£ge dfqū dou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the north, every place, each district,</p>
<p>ySu zijlde yHSyin zfgu&amp;n, zhen shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;has its own ways of speech• It<sup>f</sup>s</p>
<p>feich&amp;ng y5u y!si. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;really very interesting.</p>
<p>B: Nl dui ZhSngv^n zhdy&amp;ng y5u xing- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Since you have such an interest in</p>
<p>qu<sub>9</sub> zh^ict l£i fXngv^n y5u meiySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chinese, did you talJc vith sotam</p>
<p>gen Zhonggu6de ySy&amp;nxueJ ia tintan? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chinese linguists during this rlait?</p>
<p>A: T&amp;n le. Zh^ict Zh5nggu5 fang- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. On this trip, the Chinese</p>
<p>mlan anpal v8 gen b!n duS xuezb! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;arranged for me to meet vith a lot</p>
<p>jianle sil^n. Zheixlě TOxizbX zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of scholars who are very famoufl</p>
<p>gu6vai dou shi h!n ySu mingde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;abroad.</p>
<p>B: ISk hXoJfie• Nl kSyi y5u Jlhui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That<sup>f</sup>s great. You get the chance</p>
<p>duo liSoJi? yldlSn Zh5nggu6 yilyfin- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to find out more about linguistics</p>
<p>xuede qlngku&amp;ng, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in China.</p>
<p>A: Nl dui yByfin y5u xingqu m&amp;? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are you interested in language?</p>
<p>B： W5? WS dui vCrucue» l^shl d5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Me? I have some interest in lit-</p>
<p>y5u ytdiXn xingqu. Nl m&amp;ng, v8men &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;erature and history. You're tusy,</p>
<p>xliylci zai t&amp;n* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ve<sup>1</sup>11 talk some other time.</p>
<p>A: HSo, hlo. G&amp;ltiln zil ll£o. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay. We<sup>f</sup>ll chat some other day.</p>
<p>Hul t6u JlflLn* XiSo Lil. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;See you later, XiSo Lifi.</p>
<p>B: ZiijUa. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Good-bye.</p>
<p>Dialogue and Translation for Exercise U</p>
<p>In front of D&amp;hui Cinema in BSiJIng, a worker (B) is cleaning the glass</p>
<p>cases in vhlch posters are displayed. The Washington Post correspondent <sub>9</sub></p>
<p>Richard Leblanc (A), valks over to him.</p>
<p>A: Nln hXo a! Mil pi&amp;ode chuangkSu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hello! The ticket window isn<sup>f</sup>t</p>
<p>h&amp;l mei k&amp;l n&amp;? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;open yet?</p>
<p>B: Mji na! Zil gud shlf5n zh5ng» &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Not yet. It<sup>f</sup>ll open in another fev</p>
<p>Jifldiln Jii kil le. Nln c6ng nīr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;minutes<sub>9</sub> at nine. Where are you from?</p>
<p>l&amp;l ym? P&amp;tSnghui shuode zheme &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You speak such good Chinese. hloT</p>
<p>A: W5 shi Huishengdūn Youb&amp;ode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I^m a reporter from the Washington</p>
<p>i Iziii. zii B2ijīng yljTng singe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Post. I<sup>f</sup>ve been in B?ijīng three</p>
<p>yue le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;months now.</p>
<p>B: Zai B?iJIng chide, zhūde dou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are you pleued vlth the food and</p>
<p>mlnyi m&amp;? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;living conditions here?</p>
<p>A: Chide, zhilde dou mXnyt, wS tebiě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. I especially like B?ijlng<sup>f</sup>9</p>
<p>xlhnaxx Blijīngde xiXochī. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;snacks.</p>
<p>B: Dui! B?ijīngde xiXochl shi ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right. BSiJīng ia famouB for it，</p>
<p>mingde, DongdSn yldaide xiXochī- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;snacks. I suppose youWe been to d</p>
<p>diin nl d5u qūguo le b&amp;? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the &quot;little eateries&quot; in the DSngdJLn</p>
<p>area?</p>
<p>A: Dibilfen d5u qū^uo le. Zhen bd &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Most of them. They<sup>1</sup> re great. You</p>
<p>cud» qūle h&amp;i xiSng qi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;always vant to go back.</p>
<p>B: Shl &amp;, shi a! Nln JlntiSn xiSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes indeed. What movie do you vant</p>
<p>kin shenme diinylngr a? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to see today?</p>
<p>A: XiSng liXngge xlnvenpian» &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I vant to see two nevsreels. China</p>
<p>Zhonggu5de xīmrenpian b&lt;i cud. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;has good nevsreels•</p>
<p>B: Nln dou k&amp;ziguo shenme le? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What ones have you seen?</p>
<p>A: W5 ch&amp;ng kin <sup>w</sup>Xlnven Ji8nbao<sub>%</sub><sup>w</sup> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I often see the &quot;News Summaries.<sup>fl</sup></p>
<p>sh&amp;ngci kinle Jleshio Hu£n£n<sub>y</sub> Hu&amp;- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Last time I sav a nevsreel presenting</p>
<p>bSide yftxi xlnvenplSn* b1l cud. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the north and south of China. It vas</p>
<p>一 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pretty good.</p>
<p>B: Nln zui xlhuan nXr a? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What place did you like best?</p>
<p>A: W8 zui xlhuan EuingshSn hi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I liked Mt. Hu&amp;ng and Guilin 'best. Guilin.</p>
<p>B： 0! Hi shl hXo difazigr! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, those are nice places.</p>
<p>A: WS hil luuiguo yibH Jldshio，hXo- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I also sav &amp;&nbsp;movie introducing the</p>
<p>shil nlnzta shenghu6de dlanylng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;life of the minority nationalities.</p>
<p>B: Shl a, h&amp;lshi xlmrěn- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Was it a feature film or a nevsreel? pi&amp;nr a?</p>
<p>A: Xīmrenpianr, shl guǎnyli Xīnji&amp;ng, A newareel. It vas about the region</p>
<p>N^tmSng n^i yldaide. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia.</p>
<p>B: Y8u yfbū gdthipiixu: Ji2o WSduS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There<sup>1</sup> a a feature film called Five</p>
<p>JlnhuS ^ shi shXoahil mZnzS- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Golden Flovers, a love story about</p>
<p>de aiaǐng g^ahl. nl kinguo zna? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a nation&amp;l minority in Dali, Have</p>
<p>you seen it?</p>
<p>A: Mei kinguo. Dali zai n£r? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No. Where<sup>1</sup>s Dali? In GuizhSu? Guizhou?</p>
<p>B: Bil<sub>f</sub> zai Yflnn&amp;n, nei dif&amp;ngr k? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No, In Yňnnfa, It<sup>f</sup>3 a gorgeous</p>
<p>hSo kan le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;place.</p>
<p>A: Zheige dlanylng Jīntian y&amp;n ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is that movie playing today?</p>
<p>B: Jlnr *bū 7X21, xliirbai ySn, nln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Not today, *but next veek. If you</p>
<p>yao kan, dX ge di&amp;nhu^ gen vBmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vant to see it, give us a call and</p>
<p>dl&amp;nylngyu&amp;n li&amp;nzi ylzlar, vSmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;get in touch, and ve can sare a</p>
<p>kěyi gSi nin li(i yizhSzig plao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ticket for you.</p>
<p>A: ZhSn zl^xle nln. Ěl<sub>f</sub> zhdige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thanks a lot. Say, is this ad</p>
<p>guZnggao shl gu&amp;oyli Daqingde ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;about Daqing?</p>
<p>B: Shi, nei shi ge chū shly6ude &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. They produce oil there. It's</p>
<p>dif&amp;ngr. JīntiSnde ^InwSn JiSn- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in today's ”Nevs Summaxy•”</p>
<p>*bio&quot;li Jiil y8u.</p>
<p>A: 0, v8 yko kin zhěi'bū pianzi* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, I vant to see that film.</p>
<p>B: 成o, znai pliLode k&amp;i menr le* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, the ticket office is open nov.</p>
<p>Nin kiuLi ba! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Go and buy your ticket.</p>
<p>A: ěi, zlSxle nln. Ziljl&amp;n! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right. Thank you. Good-bye.</p>
<p>B: Z&amp;ijian! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Good-bye,</p>
<p>Unit 2, Reference List</p>
<p>1* A: NXmen zh^ngftl renvoi mioiin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What does your government think of</p>
<p>da-<sub>t</sub> zh3ng-<sub>9</sub> xlSoxuede &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;your colleges, high schools, and</p>
<p>qlngkuazig zJfmaeyang? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;primary schools at present?</p>
<p>B: WSmen xiSng Wenhua Gerning &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We think that since the Cultural</p>
<p>ylhoude Jiaoyu shuiptng bū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Revolution educational standards</p>
<p>gdu g&amp;o, vSmen dSi gSlbi&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have not been high enough<sub>y</sub> and</p>
<p>zhelge qlngxlng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ve must ch&amp;nge this situation.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Zhonggu6 zhengy5u Jthuade &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Chinese government is raising the</p>
<p>tfg&amp;o ylbilfen dixu^de &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;standards in some universities in a</p>
<p>shufping. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;planned way.</p>
<p>B: A! Zhel Jiil shi bS daxue &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;P^hl This is the reason that univer-</p>
<p>fenchfag yīlěi d&amp;xue erlei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sities are divided into Class</p>
<p>dSxuede yu£nyīn le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I and Class II.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Xi&amp;nz&amp;i Sh&amp;aghSide liSoshl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At present is the number of teacher■</p>
<p>ahiLli&amp;ng gou bu gou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in Shangh&amp;l sufficient?</p>
<p>B: B1l gdu<sub>y</sub> erqlSy zhei shl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No, moreover this is a vldespre&amp;d</p>
<p>ylge pgblande v$nt£. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;problem.</p>
<p>A: B&amp;osh&amp;ng shuo MSlguo zhong- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It says in the papers that condl-</p>
<p>xlSoxuede tl^o.ll&amp;n dou bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tions in American secondary and</p>
<p>cud. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;primary schools are quite good.</p>
<p>B: Shi. Jrbenshang mSl s&amp;nshl- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. In general there<sup>1</sup>s &amp;&nbsp;teacher</p>
<p>ge xuesheng y5u yfvěi Jl&amp;oahZ, for every thirty students<sub>y</sub> and even</p>
<p>liin zui pfltSagde xu^xlao y? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the most ordinary schools hare tel-</p>
<p>ySu dlflLnflhI<sub>v</sub> tushūguin<sub>v</sub> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;evlslons<sub>y</sub> &amp;&nbsp;library, and so on. shenmede•</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: ZhengfQ g2l pStSng xiSoxu£ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Does the government give the same</p>
<p>hi zh3ngdl8n xiSoruide &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;amount of money to ordinary elemen-</p>
<p>ql&amp;n y^ing du5 ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tary schools as to key elementary</p>
<p>schools?</p>
<p>B: YSu jridlXnr chabii. WSmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There is some difference. We must</p>
<p>dJSi ghSuxlan zhaogu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;first give consideration to key</p>
<p>zhdngdiXn xiSoxuS. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;elementary schools•</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: ZhongguS lUjxuesheng ruSzlde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chinese students abroad concentrate</p>
<p>zhōngdlEn ahl ztrfai kexuě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;on the natural sciences, isn<sup>f</sup>t that</p>
<p>ta? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;so?</p>
<p>B: Duile, shi kexu$ .itahu* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right, on science and technology.</p>
<p>7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Nlmende yfat-liuaheng chu gufl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;After going abroad to study<sub>t</sub> do all</p>
<p>za&amp;d yīhou d5u hxil d&amp;xūe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;your graduate students go back to</p>
<p>Jilo' 霉tail na? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the universities and teach?</p>
<p>B: Y8u yfbifen d2i d&amp;nren &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No. Some of them hare to take up</p>
<p>Jishu fSngml&amp;nde llngdXo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;leading posts in technical fields. gSngzud.</p>
<p>8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Jlngguō sSnniinde nflli. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;After three years of effort,</p>
<p>zheige diqūde n6ngyd sheng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;conditions for agricultural</p>
<p>chSn ti&amp;oJiflLn xi&amp;ngdang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;production in this area are nov</p>
<p>bti cud le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;quite good.</p>
<p>B: GuSnyli zheige wěntf, nīmen y5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you have any data on this subject</p>
<p>m^lyou cSillSot vSmen kS bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that ve could take back vith us to</p>
<p>kěyl dSihulqu k&amp;nkam? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;read?</p>
<p>9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Yio shfxiaLn S^ge XiSndaihual &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What is the biggest problea in</p>
<p>zui dide ^ěntl shi shenme? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;achieving the Four Moderni zAt ions ?</p>
<p>B： Shi JlngJi. WSmen dSi zai bd &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>f</sup>s the econony. Before too long</p>
<p>tii ch&amp;ngde sh£jiSnlI bX &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ve nnist push ahead the econosqr of</p>
<p>2h8nggěr gu6ji&amp;de JīngJi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the whole country. gXoshangqū.</p>
<p>10. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A： WSmende liHzu“hSng tfchulal &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Our foreign exchange students have</p>
<p>Jlge wěntl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;brought up a fev problems •</p>
<p>B: W8 tīngshuS le<sub>9</sub> tamen xlXng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I heard* They vant to speed up the</p>
<p>.liakuii xuixl sūdu. WSmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pace of their studies• We* 11</p>
<p>yidīng klold. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;be sure to consider it.</p>
<p>11. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zhill&amp;ng (shilling, zhlliing) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;quality</p>
<p>12. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BSidi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BSiJīng University (short for</p>
<p>B8iJlpg D&amp;xug)</p>
<p>13. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;qSbie &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;difference, distinction lU. shehut kSzui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;social sciences</p>
<p>Unit 2&gt; Vocabulary List</p>
<p>BSidi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B?iJlag University</p>
<p>-biifen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;part, section</p>
<p>c£iliao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;znateri&amp;l(s)</p>
<p>ch&amp;bie &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;difference» disparity</p>
<p>chū gu6 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to leave one’s country</p>
<p>d&amp;nren &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to ta^ce on, to assume</p>
<p>fen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to divide (into)</p>
<p>gemlng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;revolution; to revolt</p>
<p>Jiakuii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to speed up</p>
<p>Jiaoshl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;teacher</p>
<p>Jfbezish&amp;ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b&amp;aic&amp;lly, on the vhole, &quot;by and</p>
<p>large</p>
<p>Jlnggud &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to go through <sub>9</sub> to ejq)erlence</p>
<p>Jlshu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;technology; technical</p>
<p>kexue &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;science</p>
<p>-lei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;category</p>
<p>lillxu^sheng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;study-abroad students</p>
<p>zzniqi&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;at present</p>
<p>nSli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to make great efforts, to try hard</p>
<p>to exert oneself</p>
<p>pubiin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;universal, vldespread» common</p>
<p>pStong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;regular <sub>9</sub> ordinary</p>
<p>qubiě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;difference» distinction</p>
<p>r^mrěl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to think， to consider<sub>9</sub> to hold</p>
<p>ahdbui kizui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;social sciences</p>
<p>shlxlia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to realize</p>
<p>ahSuxiin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;first</p>
<p>shulplng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;level</p>
<p>sh^lllang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;number <sub>9</sub> amouzrt</p>
<p>Sige Xi^ndiibuA &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Four ModerniziLtiona</p>
<p>sildu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;speed, pace</p>
<p>ti£oJi&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;condition</p>
<p>tlchulai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to bring up</p>
<p>tlg&amp;o &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to raise</p>
<p>y£njii2sh8ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;graduate student</p>
<p>yfbilfen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>a</sup> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a portion; some</p>
<p>zh!ngge(r) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;.whole, entire</p>
<p>zhtliang (zhf-, zhl-) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;quality</p>
<p>zhongdiSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;focal point, emphasis; key</p>
<p><sub>z</sub>j<sub>r</sub>£<sub>n</sub> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nature; natural</p>
<p>zlraň kēxuě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;natural sciences</p>
<p>Unit 2. Reference Notes</p>
<p>1. A: JTZara zhiogfti regvei ailqi&amp;n What does your government think of dJU, zhSsg-<sub>9</sub> xlSoxuede &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;your colleges<sub>t</sub> high schools<sub>9</sub> and</p>
<p>qlngkuang zSnzneying? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;primary schools at present?</p>
<p>B: WSmen xl&amp;ng Wenhu^ Geming &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We think th&amp;t since the Cultural ylhSude Jiaoyu shulplng Revolution educational standards gdu gao<sub>9</sub> vSmen dSi g&amp;l'biiLn have not been high enough, and zheige qfngzing* ve must change this situation.</p>
<p>Notes on No» 1</p>
<p>renvei: &quot;to think (that),” &quot;to consider (that),&quot; &quot;to believe (that)”</p>
<p>This is typically used for considered opinions and Judgments» as opposed to xl&amp;ng. <sup>n</sup>to think,&quot; vhich can be used for mere linpressionB and gues囂es* Also contrast ylvei• &quot;to think mistakenly•”</p>
<p>VS remrei ta shuSde shi duide. I consider vh&amp;t he said correct OR</p>
<p>I believe th&amp;t vfaat he 囂Aid is rl曲t.</p>
<p>Ta renvoi zhSiJicLn shi bd ylng- He does not think ve should be allowed gii rilog vSaen zud. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to do this.</p>
<p>milaiiLn： ”the present” or <sup>n</sup>at present” Althou^i t&gt;oth nrilQlfei and ri4n-zal, <sup>n</sup>nov<sub>t</sub><sup>n</sup> refer to the present* xl5n2al may mean &quot;right nov, vhereas mŪQian must refer to a broader period of time.</p>
<p>Milqi&amp;n vSmen chSngde shezigchXn At present our factozy's production shulplng h&amp;l bH gdu g5o. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;level isn't high enough.</p>
<p>Milqi&amp;n t&amp;de JlngJi qtngkuang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At present hla financial situation</p>
<p>til hXo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;isn't too great.</p>
<p>zh5pg»* xlloxu名:Short for &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zhSmocii豸* xlXoxu^.</p>
<p>”revolution,” &quot;revolutionary,<sup>n</sup> &quot;t。revolt&quot; In ancient China, gg ming« literally, <sup>w</sup>to change the mandate of heaven,&quot; referred to the changing of dynasties<sub>9</sub> since the sonareh vas held to be ordained by heaven. The pattern X-de ming% literally* ”to change X's mandate of heaven,<sup>w</sup> means ”to revolt against X#</p>
<p>Vanhul &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;or Wenhua Da G&amp;ning: The common terms for the Vflch&amp;n</p>
<p>Jle.il WSnhaii Pi Ganing. &quot;Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution” (1966-19T7).</p>
<p>An even shorter abbreviation is Wgng6&gt;</p>
<p>ahulplng: &quot;level,” ”standard”</p>
<p>RibSnde gSngyd shSzigchXn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Japan's Industrial production</p>
<p>shulplng zhen gXo! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;level is really high!</p>
<p>MSlguo rende 8hengfau6 shulplng Americans have • very high standard hSn gSo! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of living!</p>
<p>Tide Dfiytt shulplng bti gdu gio. Ela level ia German lan^t high enough.</p>
<p>2. A: Zh5nggu6 zh^ngfS y8u Jihu&amp;de The Chinese government la raising the ttgjo yfbilfen dlzuede &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;standards In so&amp;e universities in &amp;</p>
<p>shīuplng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;planned vay.</p>
<p>B: A! Zhei Jiū ahl bZ āixai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ah! This Is the reason that univer-</p>
<p>fSncheng yllel dixue erl^l &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sities are divided into Class</p>
<p>dlzuede yu£nyln le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I and Class II.</p>
<p>Notea on No. 2</p>
<p>tfgSo: &quot;to raise,” &quot;to improve<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>Dao Zh5ziggu6 qū, kiyi tlgao dui By going to China, you can increase Zh5nggu6de rěnahi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;your understanding of China.</p>
<p>JlSfiLng jlhdu, f&amp;nflde divel &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Since liberation« the status of</p>
<p>tigSo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vomen hu is^troved.</p>
<p>ShXoshii olnzil shu5 p3t8n毋mide The level of the minority nationalities shulplng tlgiole bi shXo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In Standard Chinese has ts^roved</p>
<p>quite a Mt.</p>
<p>-biifen: &quot;part,” &quot;section”</p>
<p>Q^ng bX zhd ytb^lten fSnchěng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pleaae tr ana late this part Into</p>
<p>Zh5ngvSn• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chinese•</p>
<p>Ta xlSde n^ibSn shS<sub>9</sub> ySude biifen Some sections of the book he wrote hlo, y8ude bdfen bū hXo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;are good, and some aren't.</p>
<p>ylbxlfen: ”a part,” ”a portion,” ”丨one”</p>
<p>TS shuSde hui, ylbūfen 丨 hi dui da <sub>9</sub> Part of vfa&amp;t he s&amp;id is right, and ylbxlfen shl cudde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;part Is wrong.</p>
<p>Qīide r6n» y8u jrlbilfen h&amp;l zllag Of the people vbo vent, some vould zil q^l, t8u jttňfēn xllng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;like to go back again<sub>9</sub> &amp;nd some</p><h6>qil le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;do not vant to.</h6>
<p>fens <sup>w</sup>to dlrlda'<sup>1</sup> Aa jrou lemrned fenkll, &quot;to split up,” In the Society module, this vorA i囂 not tzxtlreljr nev to ]rou<sub>9</sub> but here you see It vlth the ending -chSng^ ”lst。•” Here<sup>1</sup>丨 another exas^le:</p>
<p>W8 bX plzigguS fSnchezig sikuil, I<sup>f</sup>ll divide the apple Into four vSmen yir^n ylkuiU.. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pieces, one piece for each of mb.</p>
<p>-1备i: &quot;category&quot;</p>
<p>Xlinzil lil M!lgu6de ZhSngguo The Chinese vho are coming to the r€a ddgii kSyl fen llXngldl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;U.S. nov can be roughly divided</p>
<p>into tvo categories•</p>
<p>Zh^ll^i wintl zui hXo L&amp;dng- You had best talk vlth the Travel ahidt rfai tin. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Service people about this sort of</p>
<p>question.</p>
<p>&quot;HSi Wfilli,” &quot;Hfing waiii,&quot;* shi The ^Pive Black Categories* and the Wenhui Gěmlng shlhoude &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;”Five Red Categories&quot;• were termfl</p>
<p>shuofS. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;used during the time of the</p>
<p>Cultural Rerolution.</p>
<p>Zb备i .1 ill shl• • • -de yuanyTn: &quot;This is the reason that...” Here ia another exuQ&gt;le of this useful pattern:</p>
<p>Zh备i Jill shl ta qilde yuSnyīn. This is the reason he dldn<sup>f</sup>t go.</p>
<p>Zh^i 3i\i. ahl. &gt;. -de yuapyln le: This sentence exemplifies &amp;&nbsp;use of nev-situation le to enphaaize the spe&amp;er<sup>1</sup>s nevly^reached understanding• You can think of this le as meaning ^ov I get it!”</p>
<p>5, nl ylqi&amp;n shuoguode H6u XlSn- 0h<sub>9</sub> the Mr. H6u you spok« of before sheng Ji\i ahl ta lei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is hln!</p>
<p>Xi Su6jrl nl niao xiSng qoi le! Oh! That's why you vant so much</p>
<p>to go!</p>
<p>Related uses of nev-situ&amp;tion le Include drawing a nev inference, e.g. <sub>9</sub></p>
<p>Nlae, n! ylding rirmbi Ch€n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Then, you muat knov Section Chief</p>
<p>KeshXng le? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chěn<sub>9</sub> I suppose?</p>
<p>and settling on a course of action or reaching a decision:</p>
<p>A: TS shldao vSde dliohu2 maT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Doe丨 he knov my telephone number?</p>
<p>B; Zhldao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes.</p>
<p>A: N&amp; v8 iliL dSng tad« dlinhui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Then 1*11 v&amp;lt for his call, le. '</p>
<p>3. A: Xl^nzil Sh^ngbXide ^i^oshl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At present Is the number of teachers</p>
<p>shňllmg gdu bu gou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In ShitaghXl sufficientT</p>
<p>B: Bd gdu» SrqiX<sub>9</sub> zbdi shl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ho» noreorer this is a widespread</p>
<p>ylg« pttblinda vdrrtl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;problem•</p>
<p>Notei on Wo. 3</p>
<p>Jlaoahl; ”te&amp;cher,” ” bchoolteacher&quot;</p>
<p>W8 shl ylge xlXoxuS Jl2oahZ. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I'a an elementary school teacher.</p>
<p>*Th«a« frwm<sub>9</sub> vhich «ros« la tbc flrvt y«4ra of tbc Cultural Rvrolutlon (tad at* oov ob«ol«t«) <sub>t</sub> r«f«rr«d. to tte tvo ldMlofleallsr &quot;lrr*eoaeiIabl« e«ap««&quot; In «ff*ct<sub>t</sub> thagr v»r« us«d to eluslfy p«opl« by tlMir faalljr becksrounds, Thm Ttym Black C«t«forlM» or **bad&quot; backcrounds, v»r« landlords, rleb pM««atfl<sub>t</sub> eount«rr«voI\itlonarlM <sub>t</sub> bad &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sub>t</sub> and bours*olfl rlfbtist.. Th« flr» IU4 (&quot;good&quot;) Cat«corl«fl vtrt vorkara, poor pMtuts, Xov*r-«lddX« p*M«ata<sub>9</sub> rvrolutloaftry &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;aad r«Tolutioaar7 cadTM.</p>
<p>Ninen xufadio ylgdng ySu 4u5- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How many English teachers are ther*</p>
<p>shJCo YZngv^n JlloshI? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in your school?</p>
<p>ghftTian^； &quot;quantity<sub>f</sub>&quot; ”number,” &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;”amount”</p>
<p>Nl nezxg bu neixg sbuSchfl tamende &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Can you give an exact idea of</p>
<p>shūliang ySu duSsbXo? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;their numbers?</p>
<p>Cong sh^li&amp;ngsh&amp;ng kin, zheige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;From the point of rlcv of numbers,</p>
<p>xuexiRode n&amp;nshSng zhin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the male students occupy the m&amp;ln</p>
<p>£h{Syaode divei. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;position in the school.</p>
<p>pgbiSn: <sup>w</sup>to be universal/vldespread/common<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>Zii MSlgu6, ylge Jl&amp;tlng ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In America it is very consoon for</p>
<p>sanliatng qiche shi hSn pSbian- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;one family to have three cars, de shi.</p>
<p>Z&amp;l ZhSngguS, zuijin sanshlnian, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;During the last thirty years, people's</p>
<p>resmende v^nhuil Jlioyu shul- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;educational level in China hu</p>
<p>pfzxg jiSbiin tlgiole. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;seen vldeapre&amp;d lnqproveaezit.</p>
<p>U. A: Baosh&amp;ng shuS MSiguo zbSng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It says in the papers that condl-</p>
<p>zlSoxuede ti^ojian d3u b&lt;i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tiōns In American secondary and</p>
<p>cud. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;primary schools are quite good.</p>
<p>B: Shi* Jlbenah^g mMi sSnshl- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. In general there'8 a teacher</p>
<p>ge rueBheng you ylvSi Jlio- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for every thirty students, and eren</p>
<p>8hī» li&amp;n pStSngde xue- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the most ordinary schools hare tel-</p>
<p>zlao yS y8u dlknsbi: t{lsh3_ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;evlsions, &amp;&nbsp;library, and so on. guXn, shenmede.</p>
<p>Notes on Ro* h</p>
<p>tiaoJl^n： ”condltion(a),&quot; <sup>w</sup>circxan»tance8<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>ZhSrde gSngzud ti&amp;ojiin 'bd cud. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Working conditions here are pretty good.</p>
<p>XTbSlde 囂&amp;2&amp;«&amp;»6 tiioiiin bit &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Living conditions are not 丨o good</p>
<p>zSnaa hlo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the Nortbvest•</p>
<p>Zil milqiiadt titojlinxli, vSmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Under the pz*e霧ent circumstances, ve</p>
<p>meiyou biafX xil kual. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;are unable to go aoy faster.</p>
<p>Hi tinea zud shengjri zhSn bū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It*，really hard to do business</p>
<p>r6ngyl<sub>t</sub> tasen zSngshl yio &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vlth than. They are alvays</p>
<p>jllng hSn du8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Insisting on a lot of conditions •</p>
<p>Taaen rexxvil tZ mSiySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They don’t think he<sup>f</sup>a con^etent to</p>
<p>zud zhdlge gSngzud. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;do this Job.</p>
<p>^basic,” ^fundaznental»<sup>n</sup> ”elementary” （For the first example,</p>
<p>you need to knov ygfK, &quot;grasm&amp;r•” and &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cfhui • &quot;vocabulary.<sup>n</sup>)</p>
<p>XuS llXngnlla ZhSngv^n, Jlb8n- ATter studying tvo years of Chinese, im jHlfX hi cfhui d8u zhldao le. (one) knovs the b&amp;alc graamar and</p>
<p>vocabulary •</p>
<p>Zhdlge diqi! glo n6ngy^de Jlb?n The basic conditions for farming tl&amp;ojl^n bū gdu, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;are not good enough In this area.</p>
<p>Jlbenshang, ^basically,<sup>11</sup> is often uaed in the PRC to mean ”in the main,” <sup>n</sup>on the irtioleT” &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;large.<sup>w</sup> (This usage is not common in Taiwan, however.)</p>
<p>JTbenshang ta shl ylge hSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;On the vhole <sub>%</sub> he Is a good comrade.</p>
<p>tSngzhi.</p>
<p>JtbenshatLg meiyou vent! le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;By and large, there are no more</p>
<p>problems.</p>
<p>Nl shuode Ylngv^n Jtbenshang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For the most part,工 can understand</p>
<p>vS dSu tlngdedSng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all your English.</p>
<p>mgi.•.ySu.••: &quot;There is•••for every.••” EzamplM:</p>
<p>MSI singe r各n ySu ylge shl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There la an American for every</p>
<p>MSiguo ren. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;three persoiM* (One of every</p>
<p>three people is an American.)</p>
<p>M2i santian ySu ylge r$n l&amp;l. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(There is) one person (vfao) cooes</p>
<p>every three days.</p>
<p>putSng: &quot;to be ordinary/common/regular&quot;</p>
<p>Tamen llXngge zhl shl p3tong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The tvo of them are Just ordinary</p>
<p>pengjrouy měl sheome t^blide &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;friends; they don't hare any</p>
<p>gu£nxi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;special relationship.</p>
<p>T&amp; Jii shi ylge pfltSng r6a<sub>%</sub> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He is juat an ordinary person, like</p>
<p>nl hi v® ylying. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you or me.</p>
<p>PStSngde hilzhio hi sh2lge y8u What's the difference between on shixmm qSblST &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ordlnazy passport and this?</p>
<p>5. a： Zhdngfti g8l pStSng zlXoxuS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Does the gorernment give the same</p>
<p>hi ghSngdlfa zlXozuSde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;amount of money to ordinazy elemen-</p>
<p>qlin yiying du5 oa? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tary school丨 u to key elementary</p>
<p>schools?</p>
<p>B： YSu yidllnr chSbl^. WSmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There la some difference. We oust</p>
<p>d2l gq zhiogu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;first give consideration to key</p>
<p>zhdngdlln zlXoxuS• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;elementary school丨•</p>
<p>Notes on Ho. 5</p>
<p>zhdngdlfa: &quot;heavy-polnt<sup>1</sup>*一<sup>n</sup>esiph&amp;8l8<sub>9</sub><sup>n</sup> &quot;focal point<sup>w</sup> or in some phrases, <sup>n</sup>key<sup>w</sup> Alao used adverbially.</p>
<p>Nl yinjiūdt shdngdlXn dSu y5u What are the focal points of your nSlxiS fln^dinT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;research?</p>
<p>Nīmen yio clnguZnde zbdngdlXn What is to be the focus of your shi nSifSngscLin? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;visit?</p>
<p>Nīmen yao zhozigdlXn fSzhX&amp;de &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov many regions do you intend to</p>
<p>dlqu ySu Jīge? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;focus on developing?</p>
<p>WSmen /īnggal bZ zhdogdlXn fing We should put the emphasis on z&amp;l Jl&amp;ojrushang* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;education.</p>
<p>Tamende gSngzud zbdngdlXn shl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The focus of their vork is on</p>
<p>gXo venhixi Jl&amp;oyu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;culture and education.</p>
<p>chabie: &quot;difference,” &quot;discrepancy,” &quot;disparity” Contrast the vord qubie (additional required vocabulary), ”difference,” &quot;distinction.<sup>n</sup> Chlblt stresses the Idea of &amp;&nbsp;distance» gap* or Inequ&amp;llty betveen the things con-pared. QSbl^ refers to differences* determined by inspection» betveen other-vise similar things•</p>
<p>Zhdlyang zud he neiyang zud y8u What is the difference betveen doing 丨hexane cbSbi^T &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it this vay* and doing it that vay?</p>
<p>Chengshi he n6ngc3n chSble h!n There &amp;&nbsp;Mg difference 'betveen da. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the city and the coxintzy.</p>
<p>Nl shuoshuo zh^l liXngge ah5u- Tell me vhat the differences are yīnjīde qubie zil nXr? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;betveen these tvo radios.</p>
<p>Zhei llXngbSn zidlXn ySu shinme Vh&amp;t<sup>f</sup>s the difference betveen these qubie? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tvo dictionaries?</p>
<p>shguxlln； ”first,” meaning before doing something else. This is a movable adverb (can come either before or after the subject of the sentence* but alvays before the verb).</p>
<p>RtoguS nX T^o &lt;Uo Zh8nggu6 qH<sub>9</sub> If you vant to go to China, you</p>
<p>shSuzlIn yio zue yldlXn ZhSngv^n. should learn a little Chinese first.</p>
<p>ShSuzlIn bX jio mXide dSngxl kSi First make a list of the things you yizhing dlnsi» rCahdu zil qSng vmnt bou^rt, and then ask him to tl qjX all* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;go bxay th«n.</p>
<p>RhXtrriSn can also mean &quot;first of all•” <sup>w</sup>ln the first place&quot;:</p>
<p>ShSuzlSn vSmen ylo t&amp;ntaa ntde First of all ve should discuss your canguSn fXogv^n Jihui. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;si典tSMing plans.</p>
<p>In sentence 5B<sub>f</sub> ahSuxlIn zh&amp;ogiu ”first of all give consideration to,” can be Idiomatically translated u ”give first consideration to.</p>
<p>6. A: Zb8nggu6 lHoxu^sheng xuSxlde Chinese students abroad concentrate</p>
<p>thSngdlln ahl zlrln kexue on the natural sciences, isn’t that b%? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;so?</p>
<p>B: Duile» shl kSzu爸.lishu« &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right, on science and technology.</p>
<p>Notes on No. 6</p>
<p>zlrin: &quot;natural,” &quot;naturally” Daz^r&amp;n means &quot;nature&quot; in the sense of the physical world.</p>
<p>Ta h2n xlhuan d&amp;zir&amp;n. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He is very fond of nature.</p>
<p>Ruishide zir&amp;n hu&amp;njing hSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Svitzerland<sup>1</sup>a natural environment</p>
<p>tebi^. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is very different,</p>
<p>Zheige shXoshii mlnz'd diqūde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The n&amp;tur&amp;l conditions in this</p>
<p>zlr&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bO, hXo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;minority nationality region are</p>
<p>poor.</p>
<p>Tide yiogzi hSn zirin. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Her appearance is very natural.</p>
<p>NSer llkSl JiS, fihxi! n&amp;ngud &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When a d&amp;u^iter leaves home, it is</p>
<p>shl zir&amp;nde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;natural for her parents to be sad.</p>
<p>Xuele bti yong* zir&amp;n hui vang. If you don’t use something after you</p>
<p>learn it, you<sup>1</sup>re bound to forget it.</p>
<p>Bd yong guSn, zir&amp;n hui gudqude• Don’t worry about it; it vlll pass</p>
<p>by itself.</p>
<p>kexue: ”science” Kexuě.llS is &amp;&nbsp;&quot;scientist•&quot;</p>
<p>MSigu6 shl ge kezu^ Jln'būde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The U.S. is &amp;&nbsp;scientifically &amp;d-</p>
<p>guSjlS. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;v&amp;nced country.</p>
<p>N6ngcun rin c6ngqi&amp;n mSiySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the past, people in rural areas did</p>
<p>shenme kizuS zhZshi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;not have any knowledge of science.</p>
<p>KSxixS is also used for &quot;to b« scientific&quot;:</p>
<p>ZhilzhSng zudfX hSn kezui. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This method is very scientific«</p>
<p>Nl ndithSng zlXngfX kexuě! That’s &amp;&nbsp;very unscientific idea.</p>
<p>Jiahu: &quot;technique,” &quot;skill,” &quot;technology”</p>
<p>TS lcil chSde Jishu hSn hXo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He<sup>f</sup>s &amp;&nbsp;good driver.</p>
<p>Zhd shi v8 zudde M&amp;p6 Ddufu« nl I made this M&amp;p6 Beancurd. Hov do kin vSde jishu zSnmeyiLzigT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rate my technique?</p>
<p>Zh5nggu6de chlyd ahēngchXn Jisbu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chin••丨 te&amp; production technology flshXn diole bSjiXo giode is rather highly developed. shuXplzif •</p>
<p>Ti a hi ge J^ahu gSngren. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He is a skilled vorker.</p>
<p>了. A: Nlnende yfca^jgaheng chu gu6 After going abroad to study, do all xuexl ylhou d5u hul dizue &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;your graduate students go tack to</p>
<p>JlSo shil ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the universities and teach?</p>
<p>B: Bil. Y5u ylbvLfen d!i d&amp;nren No. Some of them have to take up</p>
<p>jishu fingml&amp;nde llngdlo . &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;leading posts in technical fields.</p>
<p>gSngzud.</p>
<p>Notes on No, 7</p>
<p>chu gu6: &quot;to go abroad&quot;</p>
<p>T丨 shi nllzii&amp;n chil gu6de? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In vhat year did he go abroad?</p>
<p>Ch3 gu6 lillzuěde /&amp;njlu8bezig &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are there maay women aaong the</p>
<p>nūde du5 bu du5? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;graduate students vfao go abroad</p>
<p>to study?</p>
<p>dbren: &quot;to assume<sub>9</sub><sup>n</sup> &quot;to take up&quot; a jo*b or post</p>
<p>NJ z^l zhdr dSnr苔n shSzune g5ng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What is your Job title here? zud?</p>
<p>Ta zuljin yio qil OuzhSu dSziren &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He vlll soon be going to Europe to</p>
<p>llngshi gongzud« &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;do consular vork.</p>
<p>TS dinrenguo MSidisI alzhfag. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He has been the chief of the Depart</p>
<p>ment of Aserican and Oceanic Affairs.</p>
<p>DanrSn XlngdXo g5ngzu3« &amp;a in sentence 7B<sub>9</sub> is an often used phr&amp;ae for &quot;to take on le&amp;dershlp vork, <sup>n</sup>to take up a leading post<sup>n</sup> (that is, to be in a Job in irtilch one la in charga of others) •</p>
<p>8. A: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;alzuil&amp;nde nttll* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;After three years of effort<sub>f</sub></p>
<p>~zhelga diqQde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shing- conditions for agricultural</p>
<p>chXa tliojlin xlangdXng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;production In this area are nov</p>
<p>沾 cud le« &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;quite good,</p>
<p>B: GuSoyll zheige ventl<sub>9</sub> nlaen y8u Do you have azqr data on this subject melyou ctillio, v&amp;nen kS bu th&amp;t we could take back vlth us to dllhulqu kankan? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;read?</p>
<p>Notes on No* 8</p>
<p>JlngguS: (1) &quot;to paw,&quot; &quot;to go through”</p>
<p>Zhěild chX Jīnggud DSngdZn maT Does this bus go through DSngdln?</p>
<p>ndi&lt;« difang v8 mel qūguo, danshl I,ve never been there, but I've Jlnggudguo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;passed through (OR passed by).</p>
<p>Zh^l shl v8 diyīct jTngguo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This is the first time I<sup>f</sup>ve ever</p>
<p>备iyangde kXoshi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;taken &amp;&nbsp;test like this.</p>
<p>(2) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;as &amp;&nbsp;result of,&quot; &quot;after,<sup>M</sup> &quot;through&quot; This is the vay .IlngguS is used</p>
<p>in sentence 8A. (For the second example you need to knov zhan2heng% <sup>rt</sup>var,)</p>
<p>Jīnggud tXoliln, vSmen jueding After discussion, ve have decided xla Xīngqīsi qū yScSn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to hold the picnic next Thursday.</p>
<p>TS y2 bū Jīnggud kXold Jiū he He married her without even giving ta Jietaūn le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it any corxBideration.</p>
<p>Jīnggud hSn ch&amp;ng shljia&amp;de &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ab a result of the leogtbjr var, this</p>
<p>zhiLnzhezig» zh^ige diqū yījlng area has become unrecognisable • biaade bti r^nahl le.</p>
<p>(3) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>n</sup>course (of events); ^īat has happened&quot;</p>
<p>Ta hull&amp;l *bl quanbii Jīnggud &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When he returned* he told mm the</p>
<p>g^osule vB. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vhole story of vhmt happened.</p>
<p>Shiqizigde Jīnggud shl zSzune- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you knov hov the vbole thing</p>
<p>y^ngde, nl zhTdao m&amp;? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vent?</p>
<p>nfili: &quot;to make great efforts,&quot; &quot;to try hard,&quot; <sup>n</sup>to exert oneself”</p>
<p>Ta gozigzud hSn nSli. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He works very hard.</p>
<p>Ta 'bfi dan nQll gSngzud, rin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Not only does he work very bard,</p>
<p>y? hSn rexīn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;but ha is &amp;lso a vannhearted person.</p>
<p>Contrast nSlt g5ngzu3<sub>%</sub> &quot;work hard,” vlth y6ngg5ng« <sup>n</sup>study bard•”</p>
<p>c^lli^o: (1) ”material”</p>
<p>Zb8ige ftagzide e&amp;iliio kinqll&amp;l This house loolcs like it <sup>f</sup>s made of bd cud. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pretty good material.</p>
<p>(2) ”dat^,<sup>w</sup> &quot;material”</p>
<p>Ta gSile v8 hSn du5 c&amp;lll^o<sub>9</sub> w5 He gave me a lot of data (materi&amp;l). sa&amp;tiSn y8 kinbuv&amp;i. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Even three days wouldn<sup>f</sup>t be enough</p>
<p>time for me to finish reading it.</p>
<p>Nl n&amp;d2o xīnde xuexf e&amp;iliio &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Have you picked up the new study</p>
<p>le aa? MlsgtiSn yio shazig &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;materials yet? We start the nev</p>
<p>xīn le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lesaon tomorrow.</p>
<p>(3) &quot;makiacs,” &quot;material<sup>9</sup>*</p>
<p>TS bd sud Jlioshdude c£lllao. He doesn't have the makings of a</p>
<p>professor.</p>
<p>9. A: Yio ahlxlito Sjge Xl&amp;ndiLlhua What Is the biggest problem In</p>
<p>zui didc&quot;fcrent 1 shi shězzsne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;achieving the Four Modernization丨？</p>
<p>B: Shl JīngJi. V8men dSl z&amp;l &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>f</sup>s the econcoQr. Before too long</p>
<p>ti± chtngde ahljianll bS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ve zzmst push ahead the economy of</p>
<p>zh8ngger gu6jiade jīngji &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the vhole country• gloshangqū.</p>
<p>Notea on No* 9</p>
<p>ahlxl&amp;p： &quot;to realize/achieve/&quot;bring about/accomplish/come true&quot; Besides being used to talk about the Four Modernizations» ahlxlfa is also used for realizing a vish<sub>y</sub> an ideal<sub>9</sub> a goal, self-sufficiency» a reform* Industrialization <sub>9</sub> etc. Note that ahlxl&amp;n can be used in a causal sense (i.e.<sub>y</sub> <sup>n</sup>cauae to come about&quot;): &quot;They realized their vish&quot; CTSaen shlxlfale tlaande yiAniffaig3: or in a non-caus&amp;l sense (i.e.« &quot;cone about&quot;): &quot;Their vlsh came about CTanende yu&amp;nvfci^</p>
<p>Z&amp;l Xlflng, shlxicb gSngy^hui In. the West, achieving Indufltriallsatlon yljlng shi yibXlzil&amp;n qlSnde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is something vhlch vaa done a century</p>
<p>shi le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ago.</p>
<p>N&amp;n^īng Jlbenshang shlxl&amp;nle &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;N&amp;njlng has basically accomplished</p>
<p>llQiuil* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;greenlflcation&quot; (making the city</p>
<p>green by planting trees» flowers» etc*)•</p>
<p>xliLndal： &quot;modern times&quot; or &quot;modem,&quot; &quot;contenqwraiy&quot;</p>
<p>Xi^ndill rěnde xiXngfS d5u shl Modern man's Ideas are all hSn kezuSde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;scientific•</p>
<p>•hui: <sup>n</sup>-ize,&quot; &quot;-ify” Ezanples:</p>
<p>gongf^bok to industrialize &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;iShxii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to make green (by</p>
<p>planting trees» etc•) jlXnhui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to nimplity (Jlln in wMihoi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to beautify</p>
<p>short for jilndln)</p>
<p>MSlgu6faui to Americanize &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ehxii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to vorsen (至 is a</p>
<p>literary vord for XīfiogbuA &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to Westernize &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;bad&quot;)</p>
<p>yt霣”衫4hul: &quot;to become modernized&quot;; &quot;modernized/sophisticated/modern<sup>n</sup> Caution: This Is an intranaltlre verb (cannot take an object). Therefore<sub>9</sub> to say &quot;modernize our country<sup>11</sup> you must phr&amp;ae it as &quot;make our country* become modernized&quot;:</p>
<p>W8men yio shZ vSaende gu6jiS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We must Btodernlze our country. zllbidiLilKui.</p>
<p>ZbdlziS zlindiUiui yiSySn Wa shl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Not everyone knovs these aodern</p>
<p>all&quot; rin dSu zhīdaode. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;terms.</p>
<p>Sige XlMidalhua: &quot;the Four Modern!zationa<sup>n</sup> These arc the modernization of agrlcnlture<sub>9</sub> Industry» national defense* and science and technology* Com-prehensile development in these areas by the end of the century v&amp;s called for at the Eleventh National Party Congress in 1977. and again &quot;by Cossnuzilst Party Chalroan Eu2 Gu6feng at the Fifth National People<sup>1</sup>丨 Congress in 1978. (This theme bad been enunciated tvice &quot;before, In 1965 &amp;nd 1975» by Zhou Ēnlil.) Since 1979» the drive for the &quot;socialist Four Modernizations&quot; h&amp;s 'been at the root of the Chinese government<sup>9</sup> s domestic policy and have also bad a broad Influence on its foreign policy.</p>
<p>zh8ngge(r): As an adjective &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;before &amp;&nbsp;noun), &quot;vhole,&quot; &quot;entire,&quot; referring to a single iteou</p>
<p>ZhSnggd ahiLogvS nl d5u z\id &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What did you do the vhole nomlngt shiznne let</p>
<p>W8 yio mil zhěziggěde bu8tul» &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I want to &quot;buy &amp;&nbsp;vhole baa, not 纛</p>
<p>yio biiigede• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;half one.</p>
<p>ZhS&amp;ggd Jihui dSu shl ti ylge The entire plan was his ld«4. rěn slSngcbQl&amp;lde •</p>
<p>Ab an adverb<sub>f</sub> zhfaggS(r) means ^completely,<sup>n ff</sup>in its entirety&quot;:</p>
<p>ZbSijil huide yisi nZ zhSnggd &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You cosrpletely misunderstood the</p>
<p>ndngcud le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;meaning of that sentence.</p>
<p>TZde a6tuSch8 zhSnggd bdl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;His motorcycle vas coa^letely</p>
<p>zbuinghuil le« &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ruined in the collision.</p>
<p>Zhěige fSngzl zhSnggd d8u shl This house Is made cos^letely atiitou zudde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of vood.</p>
<p>Shinggji, &quot;to go up,” may be used figuratively to 丨ay that production <sup>n</sup>gOM up&quot; or vork &quot;mores forward •” The result at Ire compound</p>
<p>tbmretOTBt aeāna &quot;to cause to go up<sub>f</sub><sup>n</sup> &quot;to cause to move forward.&quot; We harm trmnslat«d It here u ”to push ahead&quot; the economy.</p>
<p>10. A: W8aand« lltlzui丨h&amp;g tlchulal Our foreign exchange students have Jlge vdntl, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;brought up a fev problems •</p>
<p>B: VS tlngBhuS le, tiaen xllng I heard, they vant to speed up the .liakuil zuexl sādu. W8aen pace of their studies. We, 11 yīHng™kIold, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;be sure to consider it.</p>
<p>Wotea on No* 10</p>
<p>ti; Onm iwnlng of the verb tl is &quot;to lift,” ”to raise.<sup>n</sup> In a more abstract senM, it can mean (l) &quot;mention•” &quot;refer to,” &quot;bring up” (&amp; subject). Ti vfatl Is &quot;to aak questions.<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>VS ti ge vent! k^yl m&amp;? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;May I ask &amp;&nbsp;question?</p>
<p>Qlng d&amp;JlS ti yijian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pleaae give us your cosxmenta» everyone.</p>
<p>Bi 各 zal tl neijl&amp;n a hi le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don't mention that again, okay7 hXo ma7</p>
<p>TS mSicl tldao zheijian shl, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Every time he mentions that, I</p>
<p>v8 Jiu shengqi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;get angry.</p>
<p>(2) <sup>rt</sup>to raise•” <sup>n</sup>to bring up*<sup>n n</sup>to put forward&quot; (question丨* comments, demands,</p>
<p>etc •):</p>
<p>TS tide nil llXngge tl&amp;oJl&amp;n<sub>9</sub> There<sup>1</sup> a no way I can satisfy (fulfill) v8 mel banfS shlzlan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the condition丨 he put forward.</p>
<p>NX Juěde v8de binfl bū zlzig, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If you don't think ny vmy (of handling</p>
<p>keyi tlchu nlde banfX. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it) vlll do, you can propose &amp;&nbsp;vmy</p>
<p>of your ovn.</p>
<p>TS tlchū ring Zhlng T6ngzbi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He proposed haring Comrade ZhSng</p>
<p>zud llngdKo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;be the leader.</p>
<p>TS tlchil ytto dio Ing qi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He said that he had to go to N&amp;d-</p>
<p>ylting ylhou c&amp;l n^ng xlS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jīng before he could vrite tbls</p>
<p>zh^lplin věnzhSng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;article.</p>
<p>jlOcu&amp;l： ”to quicken,” ”to speed up” (one's atep, &amp;&nbsp;process, the pace of doing soaething)</p>
<p>RtiguS JiSlcuii zud<sub>9</sub> 丨intiin Jiu If ve speed up, ve can finish xlng le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in three days.</p>
<p>aādň: (literally ”fMt-degree”）”apaed,” ”pace,” &quot;tempo&quot;</p>
<p>SSnshlzil^a ill, RibSn jīngji &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For thm put thirty years, Japan's</p>
<p>fSshXnda niUSi bin kuil. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rate of economic developoent has</p>
<p>be«n very fast.</p><h4>JiStaAl…丨&quot;to quicken the pace of... »<sup>n</sup> &quot;to speed up”：</h4>
<p>WSaen yio JlSku&amp;l gSzigzudde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We must speed up our work, s^dxi.</p>
<p>Zhonggu5 yio JlSkuil shlxl&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;China vants to speed up the Four</p>
<p>Sige Xland&amp;lhuade sūdil. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Modernizations •</p>
<p>[The opposite of JlSlcuil 丨站在 is fknman sild{L«3</p>
<p>Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary</p>
<p>zfaillang: &quot;quality&quot; Also pronounced zhiliang or zh^liang.</p>
<p>Shuliang duo, zhiliang ye 'bG. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They are plentiful and of good</p>
<p>cub. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;quality.</p>
<p>In some contexts, you can use the syllable zhi/zhf/zhl to stand for zhiliang and the syllable liajig to stand for shuliang:</p>
<p>Zhī« liang, dou bG. cuo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The quality and quantity are both</p>
<p>good.</p>
<p>Unit 2&gt; Review Dialogue</p>
<p>This dialogue takes place in B?ijīng. Early one morning, Professor</p>
<p>Armstrong is out for a walk near his hotel when he runs into Lfn XiXohe of</p>
<p>the China Travel Service.</p>
<p>L： Jiaoshou, nfn zSo! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Good morning, Professor!</p>
<p>A: ZXo, nl hSo! ZSoshangde kongqt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Good morning, hov are you. The</p>
<p>blJiXo xluxi&amp;n yidiXnr, W8 hSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;morning air is a little fresher. I</p>
<p>xīhu&amp;n zXosh&amp;ng zii vaimian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;like to go for a valk outside in the</p>
<p>zSuyiz8u. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;morning•</p>
<p>L： JIntian tiaaqi y? btl cuS, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The weather is pretty nice today</p>
<p>meiyou feng, chūlal zSuzou dul &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;too. There<sup>1</sup>s no wind. It's good for</p>
<p>shentt y8u hSochu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the health to go out and do some</p>
<p>walking•</p>
<p>A: Shi a! Jīntlande tiaaql zhen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. The weather today is really</p>
<p>shufu* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ple&amp;sant.</p>
<p>L: Jlioshou, nfn jīntian hSoxl&amp;ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Professor, you seem so happy today, h2n g&amp;oxing ma!</p>
<p>A: VS h!in gaoxing* Nl zhīdao, du6 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, I am. You knov, I*re been</p>
<p>JiS le, vS xiSng qii kankan B2id&amp;<sub>9</sub> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vanting to go visit BSlJīng Unlver*</p>
<p>kSshl yizhi melyou Jlhui qū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sity for such a long time, but I</p>
<p>never had the chance to.</p>
<p>L: Jīntian vSaen Jiu k^yl qū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;But ve，re going today, canguan le.</p>
<p>A: Shi a. W8 shi gSo Jiioyu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That<sup>f</sup>s right. I'm In education,</p>
<p>gongzuode. Zal M^lgu5de shlhou, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When I’m in the States I often like</p>
<p>v5 ch&amp;ngch&amp;ng xlhu&amp;n kin zie &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to read books about education in guXnyil Zhonggu5 Jiioyu qfngkuingde China, but I alvays feel that ve</p>
<p>shu, kSshi, y2o zhSnde yizijlxlde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;don’t hare enough data to do actual</p>
<p>hui, z8ng Ju^de c&amp;lllio b1i gdu, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;research on it. There<sup>1</sup> s a lot ve</p>
<p>ySu h2n duo dSngzl bd. gdu liSo- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;don't understand veil enough.</p>
<p>JiS, irqiS<sub>f</sub> y8u ahlhou ySude &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Furthermore<sub>#</sub> some of the data</p>
<p>cilllio hi Zh5nggu6de qlngkuing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is very different from the [true]</p>
<p>chSbl€ hSn suSyl •.. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sltu&amp;tlon In China, so ...</p>
<p>L: Nln y8u sh^nae věntl Jiu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ask me any questions you have,</p>
<p>t£chulai, yixSi v8 kěyl bSng nin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;maybe I can help you vlth then. yidiXnr m&amp;ng ne?</p>
<p>A: Nl d^ngyldSngft w6 shishl, kin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Walt &amp;&nbsp;second, let me try and see</p>
<p>neng bu n^ng shuoqlngchu a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if I can explain it clearly.</p>
<p>L: Měi guinxi, nln mitnagnr shuo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It doesn't matter, take your time.</p>
<p>A: Zal nZaen zhdr, iixai fen yllei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Here, your universities are divided</p>
<p>erldi<sub>y</sub> zhSngxtxi zlXozu^ y? ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;into Class I and Class II, and your</p>
<p>zhongdlXn zhSng- xlSozue he piltong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;middle schools and elementary schools</p>
<p>zhong- ziSozuěde qilblě. Zhelyang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;distinguish betveen key and regular</p>
<p>zxxode miidl shl sh^coe ne? W3 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ones • What is the purpose for d^ing</p>
<p>shi shxxo • • • &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that? I mean • • •</p>
<p>L： fig, nl shuoxiaqu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Uh-huh, ge on.</p>
<p>A: W3de yisi shi, yaoshi bS zhSng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I mean, if you put the emphasis on</p>
<p>diSn fang zai Jlg$ xuexiSo- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a few schools, will you be able to</p>
<p>shang, neng bu neng p2biin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;make a general improvement in the</p>
<p>gao Ji&amp;oyu shulpfng ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;level of education?</p>
<p>L: Zhei shi yfge hSn hXode ventf. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That<sup>1</sup>3 a very good question. You</p>
<p>Nl zhrdao, Zhonggu6 ySu shiyiduo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;knov, China has over a billion people</p>
<p>renkSu, y5u nfime du5 rěn xuySo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;people. There are so many people who</p>
<p>shdu JiaLoyu, IcSshi Jiioyude &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vho need to get an education, but</p>
<p>qingkuing bil neng r^ng rěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;educational conditions are not</p>
<p>mXnyt. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;satisfactory.</p>
<p>A: fīg. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Uh-huh.</p>
<p>L: Tebiě shi Jīnggud W^zihui Di Ge- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Especially since the Cultural Rev-</p>
<p>zziing ylh3u, Jiaojru fSngaian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;olution, there hare been a lot of</p>
<p>zhen ySu bd shXo vent! <sub>t</sub> suSyl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;problems in the &amp;rea of education« so</p>
<p>zii zzsClqi&amp;nde qlngkuing xi&amp;« &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;under the present conditions <sub>y</sub> ve must</p>
<p>vSmen dSl bS zhdngdlSn fang zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;put the es^hasis on a portion of our</p>
<p>yfbilfen daxue* zh5ngxue<sub>y</sub> he &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;colleges<sub>9</sub> middle schools, and</p>
<p>xiSoxuesh&amp;ng* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;elemervt&amp;ry schools •</p>
<p>A: Name, zai zhdngdlXn dixu^li, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Then in key colleges, what do you</p>
<p>nlmen renvei zui zhSyaode gongzud &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;consider to be the principal Job? ySu shi sh^nme ne?</p>
<p>L: ShSuxlan dSl xlXng tlgSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;First of &amp;11 ve must try to raise the</p>
<p>Jifioshlde shulplng. Xl&amp;nzai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;level of the instructors. At pres-</p>
<p>JiiLoshI shūli&amp;ng bd gdu, shuZ- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ent the nuznber of instructors is</p>
<p>ping bil gao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;insufficient and their level Is</p>
<p>lov.</p>
<p>A： 食g, zhii shi ylge zhdngyuode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mm<sub>f</sub> that<sup>f</sup>8 an Important problem, vent!•</p>
<p>L: Shī, zhdige ventf h爸 tigio &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, it's a question that has great</p>
<p>zhSngger minzHde Jiioyu shuZplng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bearing on raising the educational</p>
<p>ygu h?n d^de gu&amp;zixi* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lerel of the vhole nation.</p>
<p>A： 成o, Q&amp;me dlěr ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay<sub>y</sub> then the second thing?</p>
<p>L： GSo Sige Xlandllhua xuy&amp;o hSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To cany on the Four Modernizations</p>
<p>duo shouguo Jiaoyude r^n, kSshl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ve need a lot of educated people,</p>
<p>zhiijiin sht h&lt;x shi zal duln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;but this can't be accon^lished in</p>
<p>sh£jiSnli kteyi zudhXode. Zhei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a short time. You probably agree</p>
<p>yldlXn nln dkgii tňngjrt ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vith that point, don't you?</p>
<p>A: WS d8ng<sub>t</sub> v8 ding. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I understand<sub>f</sub> I understand.</p>
<p>L: Suoyl, vJJmen &quot;bin yixie zh3ng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;So ve are setting up some key</p>
<p>diSn xuexlflLoy velde shi Ji&amp;kuai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;schools in order to speed up the</p>
<p>Jiaoyu sudu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;educational process.</p>
<p>A: Ji&amp;ku&amp;i Jiaoyu sūdu? Nlde yisi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To speed up the educational process?</p>
<p>shi shuo, zhdngdlSn xu^xl&amp;ode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You mean, key schools have better</p>
<p>tliojian blJiXo hlo, xu^sheng, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;conditions, and the level of their</p>
<p>Jiaoshīde shiilplng y? blJiSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;students and teachers Is higher,</p>
<p>g&amp;o, zheiyang, xu^sheng Jiu ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;so the students have the opportunity</p>
<p>Jlhui zSl blJiSo duSnde shljian- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to learn more things in a shorter</p>
<p>li xue biJiSo duode dongxl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;time.</p>
<p>L： Did le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right.</p>
<p>A: Name nlinea pal chu gu6de lilixui- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Then axe &amp;11 the students you send</p>
<p>sheng shi bu shl d5u shl c6ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;abroad from key schools? zhongdlSn xuexl&amp;oll l&amp;ide ne?</p>
<p>L: Tamen duSbinr shl c6ng zhdng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They<sup>1</sup> re mostly from key universities,</p>
<p>dlXn daxuě l&amp;lde, tebie shl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;especially the graduate students. y&amp;njlusheng.</p>
<p>A: W8 Jl&amp;nguo Jlvei l&amp;l MSlgu6 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>ve met several Chinese going to</p>
<p>nl&amp;n shude 111ixuesheng<sub>t</sub> tamen d5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;school in the United States• They</p>
<p>shl icai kexue shude. TīngshuS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;were all studying science and tech鋳</p>
<p>tSmen xuede felch&amp;ng nSli. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nology. I hear that they were very</p>
<p>Zhoziggu6 lltlxuěshengde xu^xl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;haxd-vorking. Chinese students abroad</p>
<p>zhdngdlXn shl kexuě Jishu，dui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;concentrate on science and technology<sup>1</sup>,</p>
<p>bu dul? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;isn<sup>f</sup>t that ri曲t?</p>
<p>L: Nln shuode dui, tamen zbSyio &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That<sup>1</sup> s right, they mainly study</p>
<p>shl xu$ zir£n kexue. Zhei shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the natural sciences. That<sup>1</sup>s our</p>
<p>vSmen snlql&amp;n zui dlde xuy&amp;o. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;greatest need at present.</p>
<p>A: TSmen hu£ gu6 ylhōu d5u gXo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;After they return home do they all</p>
<p>yinjiū gongzud aaT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;do research work?</p>
<p>L: Bil ytding. W8 xlXng y8u yi di &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Not necessarily• I think that a</p>
<p>bilfen h&amp;l dSl sil āixai danrSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;large portion of then still have to</p>
<p>JiSLoshlde gSngsud. Shlxlan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;take up teaching positions in univer-</p>
<p>Sige Xlandilhui llbulcSi Jiioyu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sitles. Education is essential to</p>
<p>m&amp;! Jlao8hdu<sub>t</sub> y8u shlJian gSi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;achieving the Four Modernizations!</p>
<p>v8 Jieshao Jieshao MSigu6de &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Professor, when you have the time,</p>
<p>Jiaoyu qlngku&amp;ag a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tell me aboozt education In America!</p>
<p>A: HXo, nl dui nSifSngml^nde qfng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sure. What aspect are you most</p>
<p>kuang zui y8u xingqu? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;interested in?</p>
<p>L: V8 dui ziXoxu^ JiaLoyu, ertSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1嘗&amp; most interested in primary</p>
<p>Jiioyu sui y8u xlngqu, yīmrei<sub>t</sub> vS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;school and child education, because 工</p>
<p>ziXng ylge r(n iĀlshī shou Jiao- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;think the period vhen a person begins</p>
<p>yude ndiduin shljiin shi fei- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;his education is very in^ortant. ch£ng zhdngyiode.</p>
<p>A: W5 tSngyt nide kanfS, ěrqiS, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I agree vith you. Furthermore,</p>
<p>chtile shing xue ylvai, Jlatlng he &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;besides attending school, the educa*</p>
<p>shehulde Jiaoyu yě feiching &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tion one gets in the home and in</p>
<p>zhongyao. YSude shlhou, fumSmen- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;society are also very important,</p>
<p>de Jiaoyu qlngknang he h&amp;lzlmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sometimes the parents* education</p>
<p>ySu felch£ng dade guanxl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;has a great bearing on the children ’ s.</p>
<p>L: Dul. Sufiyi gSohSo Jiaoyu shl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right. So improving education is the</p>
<p>zhengger shěhuide gongzud<sub>9</sub> vSmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Job of our entire society. Each of</p>
<p>měige ren dou ySu zeren. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;us has the responsibility for it.</p>
<p>A: Nl shuode zhen hSo. Dui le, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Well said. Oh yes—is BSiJIog Uni-</p>
<p>Jīntian vSmen cSnguande BěldĀ<sub>f</sub> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;versity, vhich ve<sup>f</sup>re going to visit</p>
<p>sht bu shl Zh5nggu6 zui hSode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;today, the best university in Chln&amp;t dlxue ne?</p>
<p>L: BSldl shi hSn y5u mlngde dixue, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.U. is a very famous tmiversity*</p>
<p>kSshi hSn n&amp;n shuo shi bu shi zui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;but it *s difficult to 丨ay if it *8</p>
<p>hSode. Zell Zhonggu6 y5u Jlge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the best. There are several unirer-</p>
<p>deLxue d5u bti cud. BSid&amp;de &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sitles in China that are pretty good.</p>
<p>Jiioyu zhiliang Jlbenshang ring &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The quality of education.at B.U. is</p>
<p>ren mXnyt, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;basically satisfactory.</p>
<p>ShlJion bi zSo le, nin chi zXo- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It*s getting late, have you had</p>
<p>fan le meiyou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;breakfast?</p>
<p>A: Ou, v8 h&amp;l mei chi zSof&amp;n ne, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, I haven*t had brealcfast yet.</p>
<p>v8 mXsh&amp;ng Jii qū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1*11 go right avay.</p>
<p>L: Ble Jf, v8men dSngzhe nln. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No hurry, ve<sup>1</sup>!! wait for you.</p>
<p>A: HSo, v8 hSn kuii Jiu lil. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, I<sup>1</sup>11 be there shortly.</p>
<p>Unit 2, Tape 2 Workbook</p>
<p>Exercise 1</p>
<p>This exercise is a rerlev of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker vlll say &amp;&nbsp;sentence in English, followed by &amp;&nbsp;pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then &amp;&nbsp;second speaker will confirm your answer.</p>
<p>All sentences from the Reference List vlll occur only once. You may want to rewind the tape and practice this exercise several times.</p>
<p>Exercise 2</p>
<p>In this exercise, an American college student runs into a student from China at the Dupont Circle subvay station In Vaahlngton, D.C.</p>
<p>The conversation occurs only once. After listening to it coiq)leteIy<sub>9</sub> you'll probably want to revlnd the tape and aosver the questions belov &amp;a you listen a second time.</p>
<p>Here are the nev vords and phrases you vlll need to understand this conversation:</p>
<p>suin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to &quot;be counted as (good, bad，etc.)</p>
<p>keji &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;science and technology (abbreviation</p>
<p>for kexue .1tshu)</p>
<p>hulhu2 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;conversation</p>
<p>JlXncheog &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;abbreviation</p>
<p>y&amp;agě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be strict</p>
<p>QuestIons for Exerclge 2</p>
<p>Prepare your azurvtrs to these questions In Chinese so that you vill be able to glre than orally In cl&amp;aa.</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vhere did the A&amp;ericaa student learn Chinese? Where did the Chinese student learn EnglisM</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What vas language study like at B.U.T Do you think it Is different from an American university? Hotr do you knov?</p>
<p>3. What is the itfbrerlation for science and technology? Put the fol-loving into abtrerlated form.</p>
<p>vfahui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jiaoyu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;___</p>
<p>(culture) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(education) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tthe field of culture</p>
<p>and education)</p>
<p>renmln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dShui</p>
<p>(the people) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(general member- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{People<sup>f</sup>s Congress)</p>
<p>ship meeting)</p>
<p>Tuyin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;venzi</p>
<p>(spoken &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(writing) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(language and</p>
<p>language) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;literature)</p>
<p>What is the Chinese student studying?</p>
<p>5* According to the Chinese student<sub>f</sub> wtaat kinds of science are not so clearly separated in modem society?</p>
<p>After you have ansvered these questions yourself, you may vant to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also vant to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your ansvera.</p>
<p>Note: The translations used in these dialogues are meant to indicate the English functional equivalents for the Chinese sentences rather than the literal meaning of the Chinese.</p>
<p>Exercise 3</p>
<p>In this conversation« a young Cliinese teacher at Beijing University valks over to her American student vho is sitting under a tree reading &amp;&nbsp;*boo]c.</p>
<p>Listen to the comrers&amp;tion once straight through. Then« on the second time through« look /belov and answer the questions.</p>
<p>Here are the nev vords and phrases you vlll need to understand this conversation:</p>
<p>LS Xūn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&amp; famous Chinese author of the</p>
<p>1920s and 1930s)</p>
<p>yioburin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;otherwise</p>
<p>lcilnnan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;difficulty</p>
<p>ni&amp;nling &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;age</p>
<p>Wenbui DaL G&amp;ning &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cultural Revolution</p>
<p>ākxui bi^esheng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;college graduate</p>
<p>wSnG^ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cultural Revolution (a'b'brerlation of</p>
<p>VSnhui D&amp; Gaming)</p>
<p>xaiyvin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(academic) institute</p>
<p>Questions for Exercise 3</p>
<p>Prepare your ansvers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Why does the student like to read Chinese literature? What is Ms. Lin's reaction?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Why are Chinese students vho go abroad older than usual? What does the American say are other characteristics of these students?</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov does Ms. Lin respond to the student<sup>1</sup>s wish to talk with more Chineae?</p>
<p>U. Summarize this dialogue in tvo or three sentences•</p>
<p>After you have answered the丨e questions yourself, you may vant to take a look at the translation for this comrers&amp;tion. You may also v&amp;nt to listen to the conversation to help you practice saying the ansvers ^rtiich you have prepared.</p>
<p>Exercise U</p>
<p>This conversation takes place at the BSiJīng University library vhen an An Americ&amp;n graduate student and &amp;&nbsp;Chinese gr&amp;du&amp;te student happen to meet.</p>
<p>Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then revlnd the tape and listen again. On the second time through, ansver the questions.</p>
<p>You vill need the following nev vords and phrases:</p>
<p>c&amp;nkSoshu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;reference book</p>
<p>xi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;department (of a school)</p>
<p>hu6dd&amp;g &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;activity</p>
<p>laiagrti &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to v&amp;ste</p>
<p>JiflLokSshii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;textbook</p>
<p>Queation丨 for Exercise k</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov does the American student &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;feel about his study of Chinese?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are post-Cultural Revolution college students in China very familiar with the social situation in their country? Why?</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Why do the American student丨 vant to go outside the university?</p>
<p>U. What sentences does the American use to take leave of the Chinese?</p>
<p>After you have ansvered these questions yourself, you nay vant to take a look at the tranBlatloQ for this conversation. You may also vant to listen to the conversation again to help you pronounce your ansvers correctly.</p>
<p>Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 2</p>
<p>At the Dupont Circle subvay station in Washington, D.C., an Americah</p>
<p>college student (A) runs into a student from China (B).</p>
<p>A: Dufbuql, nl shi c6ng Zhonggu6 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Excuse me, you must be a student from</p>
<p>Ifiide IKixuesheng ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;China, aren-'t you?</p>
<p>B: Shi a! Nlde Zhongv^n zdnme &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes! Your Chinese is so good! Have</p>
<p>hSo, q^guo Zhonggu6 ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you been to China?</p>
<p>A: H&amp;i měiyou, ylhfiu ySu Jlhui v8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Not yet, but if I get the chance to</p>
<p>y£ding yio qū kinlcan_ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I'm sure I'll go visit.</p>
<p>B: Na nlde ZhSngv系n Jiū shi zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Then you learned all your Chinese</p>
<p>Hu&amp;shengdiln xuede? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;here in Washington?</p>
<p>A： £ng. Jīniin yīqiin v8 zai Jia- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mm. A fev years ago I had a year of</p>
<p>zhSu D&amp;xue xueguo yiniin, lii Hui- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chinese at the University of Callfor-</p>
<p>shengdiin ylhSu you yizhi %ii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nia, and since I came to Washington,</p>
<p>KSshi Zhongvěnde shuZpfng h&amp;ishi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>ve been studying it all along. But</p>
<p>gdu gao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;my level in Chinese still lsn<sup>f</sup>t high</p>
<p>enough.</p>
<p>B: Nl měiyou qūguo Zhonggu6, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Your Chinese is this good and you've</p>
<p>ZhSngv^n z备nme hSo le, v8 lii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;never been to China* &quot;but I<sup>f</sup>ve been in</p>
<p>MSigu6 yljIng yiniin, Ylngven &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the States a year already and my Eng-</p>
<p>shulplng h&amp;ishl tlgaode hSn man. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lish level is still Improving very</p>
<p>slowly.</p>
<p>A: Zai Zhoziggu6de shlhour nl xue- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You studied English vhen you were in</p>
<p>guo Ylzigven ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;China* I suppose?</p>
<p>B: Xueguo, xueguo sannl&amp;n 'bin ne! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sure, I studied it for three and a</p>
<p>half years!</p>
<p>A: Shi Yīnggu6 Ylngwfa? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;British English?</p>
<p>B: S2, ^rqlS JlioshI y8 d5u shl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yea, and my teachers were all Chi-</p>
<p>Zhongguo rint su^yl chil gu5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nese, so after I left China oy big-</p>
<p>ylhǒu zui iiāM vdntl shl ting- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gest problem vaa that I couldn，t under-</p>
<p>budSng,丨tauSbochSlii • KMn 8h3 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;stand people t&amp;Udzig and I couldn*t</p>
<p>bl shuo hu2 r6ngjrldu5 le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;speak. Reading is 在 lot easier than</p>
<p>speaking.</p>
<p>A: Zai Zh5nggu6de shlhou* nl zii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In China, what university were you</p>
<p>nSlge dixai nlin shu? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;studying at?</p>
<p>B: Zal BSld2. BSldide Ylngv^n h&amp;i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At B.U. B.U. is pretty good for</p>
<p>s^Ti &quot;bfi cud, bfiguS, v8men .xue &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;English, 'but for us students in sci-</p>
<p>kejide xu^霣heng zhdngdlXn shi k&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ence and technology the en^h&amp;sis is</p>
<p>shai, fSnyl, shi huihu&amp;&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;on reading and translating, not on</p>
<p>&quot;&quot;&quot;&quot;&quot;&quot; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;conversation.</p>
<p>A: Kejt? Shl bu shl kexue jtshu? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;KSji”？ Is that science and technology?</p>
<p>B: Shi. V8nen ch£&amp;gch&amp;ng yong h?n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right. We use a lot of abbreviations,</p>
<p>du3 .1llnchepg&gt; du^buqT ya! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pardon me! ，</p>
<p>A: Na meiyou shenine. Bliguo vS hal &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No problem. But there<sup>1</sup> s still some-</p>
<p>y5u yldiSnr bO. dSng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;thing I don*t understand.</p>
<p>B: Shenziie difangr? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What?</p>
<p>A: Nlmen ch&amp;ng shu5 kexue fen li&amp;ng- You often say that science h&amp;8 tvo</p>
<p>būfen, yibūfen shi shehui kexue, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;divisions. One is soci&amp;l science</p>
<p>yibūfen shi zir&amp;n kexue. Name &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and the other is natural science,</p>
<p>kexue Jishu shuode Jii shi ziran &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;So does science and technology refer</p>
<p>kexue m&amp;? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;only to the natural sciences?</p>
<p>B: Zhe Wi shl name yin*gede, tebie &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This〔distinction] isn't so strict,</p>
<p>shi xi&amp;nd&amp;i shehui, zirixi kexue &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Especially in modern society* the</p>
<p>he shehui kexue Jiu fende nime &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;natural sciences and the social</p>
<p>qīzigchu le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sciences aren't so clearly separated.</p>
<p>A: Zhei v8 t6ngyi. Zai fen leide &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I agree vlth that. On questions of</p>
<p>vent£shang<sub>t</sub> vSmen y5u hSn duo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;categorization, ve have a lot of</p>
<p>shuofl nZmen b&lt;i t&amp;i ylyang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ideas that are different from</p>
<p>yours•</p>
<p>B: Ou, che l&amp;i le, vS yao shang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, here comes the train. I have to</p>
<p>che le. Ylhou ySu Jlhui zai tin. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;get on it. In the future ve*ll talk</p>
<p>some more if ve get the chance.</p>
<p>A: HJtode, xiaci vSmen yōng Ylng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All right. Next time ve<sup>f</sup>ll talk In</p>
<p>ven &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;English.</p>
<p>B: HSo, xlexle nl, zaijlan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, thank you. Good-bye.</p>
<p>A: Z&amp;iji&amp;n. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Good-bye.</p>
<p>Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 3</p>
<p>On the caa^ua of BSiJīng Language Institute, and American student (B) is</p>
<p>sitting under 丨 tree reading &amp;&nbsp;book* A young teacher (A) from the Chinese</p>
<p>department valks over to chat.</p>
<p>A: Zai nian sh^nme ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What are you reading?</p>
<p>B: 0, Lin LXoshly n£n hSo! W8 zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, Miss Lin (Teacher Lin), hov are</p>
<p>k&amp;n Lg Xiln XiSnshengde xlXoshaio. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you! Vm reading some fiction by —(Mr.) Lu Xūn.</p>
<p>B: &quot;Yio•” W8 h8n xlhuAzi Ltt Xin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;Medicine.<sup>11</sup> I like Ltt X^n<sup>v</sup>s fiction</p>
<p>XiSnshengde ziXoshuS. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;very much.</p>
<p>A: W5 xlXng, sil Mllgutfde shlhou, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I guess you've probably read quite</p>
<p>ZhSnggutf īishl, ZhSnggu6 v^nxu^<sub>9</sub> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a lot of Chinese history and litera-</p>
<p>nī dagil nlinde bū ahXo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ture in America.</p>
<p>B: Xue ZhSngven<sub>9</sub> b^xu shSuxiSn xu名 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To study the Chinese l&amp;ngu&amp;ge, you</p>
<p>yidiXnr lishl he veiucue, dSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have to first study a little history</p>
<p>yidiXnr Zh5nggu6 venhua, vaobu- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and literature, &amp;nd understand a lit-</p>
<p>ran xue ZhSngven yfdīng y5u hěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tie Chinese culture, otherwise you<sup>1</sup>re</p>
<p>dlde kunnan • Zhonggu6 li&lt;ixue- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sure to have &amp;&nbsp;hard time studying the</p>
<p>sheng y? shi zh^iycLng zud m&amp;? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;language. Do Chinese vho go abroad</p>
<p>to study do the same thing?</p>
<p>A: VSaende xuexl ti£ojiflLn h£l shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Our conditions for study are fair-</p>
<p>bti cudde<sub>v</sub> kSshl liūxuesheng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ly good, but before &amp;&nbsp;student goes</p>
<p>chd gu6 ylqiin d2l dui neige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;abroad, he ought to acquire the req-</p>
<p>guojiSde v^nhui zud btyaode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ulsite understanding of the country</p>
<p>liXoJiS. Zil zh$ifSngmlflLn<sub>9</sub> v8- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Che is going to]. In this are&amp;, ve</p>
<p>men zudde hil hSn bli gdu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have aa yet done far from enough•</p>
<p>B: W5 tīngshuS ZhSnggu5 lilSzue« &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I understand that the Chinese atu-</p>
<p>shengde dSu tii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dents going abroad aren't very young;</p>
<p>xiXo le, duSbitf shl Venhua Da &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;most of them graduated [from college]</p>
<p>Geming ylqi£n biyěde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;before the Cultural Revolution.</p>
<p>A: Shi. Wenhui Gemlzig ylqi&amp;nde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. In general the qu&amp;llty of col-</p>
<p>dajcue bivesheng pSbiinde zhlli&amp;ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lege graduates from before the Cul-</p>
<p>bl.1 jgto gko. VenGi ylhdude &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tural Revolution is higher. They<sup>1</sup> re</p>
<p>dijcueshSzig chSbi畜 b)i xlXo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;quite different from the post-Cul*</p>
<p>tural Revolution college students.</p>
<p>B: Nime sbūliang ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How about In terms of numbers?</p>
<p>A: Shuliang yS bil shXo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Their numbers are quite large, too.</p>
<p>B: Name zhěixie biy^sbSng shl bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;So do these graduates all take on</p>
<p>shi dSu dSnren blJiXo zhdngy^ode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rather Important Jobs? gSngzud ne?</p>
<p>A: Bi d5u yfjring. MQql&lt;&amp;<sub>9</sub> WSnhui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They<sup>1</sup> re not all the same. At pres-</p>
<p>Da GSmi&amp;g ylqlinde dixuC btyd- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ent, there are many pre-Cultural Revo-</p>
<p>shezig ySu hSn du5 dSnrdn bZjlXo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lution college gr&amp;duates who have</p>
<p>zhSng yioām gSngzud. Blfang sh\io &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;taken on rather Important Jobs. For</p>
<p>vSmen XuevuflLn b&amp;« gSnszudde bl- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;example* in our Institute, thoae vho</p>
<p>jiSo hSode yě duSbinr shl nSige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;do their vork comparatively veil are</p>
<p>shihoxirde dixi^sliSng. DSngr&amp;n, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mostly college students from that</p>
<p>hil y5u gěng lXode. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;time. Of course there are older</p>
<p>ones as veil•</p>
<p>B: W8 bSn xlhu&amp;n vSmende lSoshl, y? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I like our teachers very much, and</p>
<p>h2n xlhxian YQy£n Xu^yuin, w8 zhl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Institute, too. I juat vlsh ve</p>
<p>shl xlvi&amp;g y5u blJiXo du5de Jlhui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;would have more opportunities to talk</p>
<p>hě Zb8nggu6 ruesheng, lSoshī duo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vlth the Chinese students and teachers, t&amp;ntan.</p>
<p>A: HSo, hSo, ySu shfJiSn vSmen du5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All right, ve<sup>f</sup>ll talk more vhen ve</p>
<p>tantan. Nl kan shu ba. Yihulr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;get the time. You go on reading.</p>
<p>Jian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;See you in a vhile.</p>
<p>B: Lin LaoshI yihulr JiSn, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;See you in a vhile, Miss Lin.</p>
<p>Dialogue and Translation for Exercise U</p>
<p>An American graduate student (A) valks up the stairs in front of the</p>
<p>B?ijrng University library. A Chinese graduate student (B), vhose arxu axe</p>
<p>full of 'books« is trying to open the door vlth his foot.</p>
<p>A: W8 lii, vS l&amp;i! DSngyidSng, vS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>1</sup>11 get it, I<sup>f</sup>ll get it. Wait &amp;</p>
<p>lii bang ni k&amp;i men. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;second, 1*11 open the door for you.</p>
<p>B: Xlexie nl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thank you.</p>
<p>A: Zhe dou shi nl Jiede shu a? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;These are all books you borrcaved?</p>
<p>B: Shi a! Ydngle liSngge xīngqīde Yeah! It took me long enough to gSngfu, hSo rongyl c£l kanv&amp;n le. finish reading then—tvo veeks!</p>
<p>A: Bil cud, llSngge xīngqī k&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Not bad! To read all these English</p>
<p>zheae duo Yīngvěn cankSoshu* sūdu reference books in two veeks * that<sup>f</sup> s bu na! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a pretty good speed!</p>
<p>(They enter the door and &quot;B&quot; goes to return his books. &quot;A&quot; sits down at</p>
<p>a table. A fev minutea later, ”B&quot; cornea over to her.)</p>
<p>A: Xiuxi Jlfen zhSng zii Jinqu k&amp;n Why don<sup>f</sup>t you rest a fev minutes shu, hSo bu hSo a? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;before you go in to study, okay7</p>
<p>B: HXo. Neitian, xill yinJiSsheng Okay. The other day vhen the gradual hui, d2ji£ dSxT&quot;renv6i nl t&amp;n- uate students in the department held de h2n hXo, yS dSu Juide nlde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;meeting, everyone thought that what</p>
<p>ZhSngvfo bl gang l£i BSid^de shl- you s&amp;ld vaa very good，and ve all hou hXode du5 le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;felt that your Chinese is much better</p>
<p>nov than vhen you first came to B*U*</p>
<p>A: K?shi vS h&amp;lshl Ju^de xuexl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;But I still feel that our pace of</p>
<p>sidu tai mfin, vSmen dou xlwiag &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;study is alov* We all vlsh ve</p>
<p>neng Jiak^iii s^ldu, tlgao shuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;could speed up the pace to improve</p>
<p>hiuLde shxxlp£ng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;our speaking.</p>
<p>B: N^itiSn nl tlchul&amp;lde guSnyfi yao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I*m sure the school vlll consider</p>
<p>liXojiS ZhSxiggdS shdhuide ventf, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the question you brought up about</p>
<p>xuezlio f&amp;ngnlan jiāing hui kio- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vanting to learn about Chinese society,</p>
<p>lude. KSshl ^v8 xlXng, nīmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;But it seems to me you have plenty of</p>
<p>shuo ZhSngvěnde Jtbul bd. shSo a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chances to speak Chinese! There are</p>
<p>Y3u Zhonggu6 lloshī, ySu Zh5nggu6 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Chinese teachers, and your Chi-</p>
<p>t6ngxue, erqi? nlmende ZhSngven &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nese classmates. Besides, you all</p>
<p>dou &quot;bfi cuō le, nlmen v&amp;lguo xu爸一 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;speak Chinese very veil nov. You</p>
<p>sheng zijl y? k^yi shuo Zhongven &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;foreign students can speak Chinese</p>
<p>m&amp;! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;among yourselves!</p>
<p>A: W5men zijl zai yiql shu5 YIngvin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It's natural for us to spe&amp;k. Eng_</p>
<p>shi h?n zir&amp;nie. ěrqi?, xue- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lish together. Besides <sub>9</sub> In school</p>
<p>xlaoll dou shl xuesheng hi l5o- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it's all students and teachers. Ve</p>
<p>shī. WSmen h?n xlvang hi she- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vant very much to converse with ordi-</p>
<p>huish&amp;ngde ptltSng rěn tinyitin. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nary people in society.</p>
<p>B: WSmen zheixie xu系sheng duobanr y? Most of us students are from ordi-</p>
<p>dou shl c6ng piltSngde jl&amp;tlngll &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nary families, you knov. In particu-</p>
<p>l&amp;ide ma. TebiS shi JīngguS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lax, most college students after the</p>
<p>VenhuA Da Geoing ylhěude dixue- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cultural Revolution have vorked in</p>
<p>sheng duob&amp;nr dou zii shehui- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;society many years and understand the</p>
<p>shang gSngrudguo hSn du5 ai£n, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;soci&amp;l situation pretty veil, blJiXo liXoji! shěbuīde q£ngkxi8ng.</p>
<p>A: 0, zhe h£i shl ySu qubiSde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0h<sub>9</sub> there *8 still a difference.</p>
<p>Shehuīde qlngku&amp;zig gen d&amp;xuellde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Society is quite different from the</p>
<p>qlngku&amp;ng hSn bxl ylyang. WSmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;situation In the university. All of</p>
<p>l£l Zhonggu6 nifltn shude v£lgu6 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;us foreign college and graduate stu-</p>
<p>H1lxuesheng» y&amp;zxJiuBheng» dou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dents ^rtio come to China to study v&amp;nt</p>
<p>h?n zlSng duo liXoJiS ZhSngguode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to understand the situation here, and</p>
<p>qlzigxlng, tebi^ shl xlXzig liSo- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;especially how the accompllshaent of</p>
<p>Ji? nīmen shlxi&amp;n S^ge XiaLndiLl- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Four Modemizationa is progressing, huade q£ngkxiing.</p>
<p>B: Dangr&amp;n, d&amp;ngr&amp;n. ZhěiyldlXn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Of course<sub>9</sub> of course. We under-</p>
<p>vSmen shi qīngchude• WSaen xiXng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;stand that. But ve think that too</p>
<p>tii duode shehuī hu6d5ng dlgai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;znany soci&amp;l activities would proba-</p>
<p>hui langfei nlmen bū shlode shf- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bly vaste a lot of your time.</p>
<p>JiSn.</p>
<p>A: 0! Meiyou vdntl» z&amp;i MSigu6de &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, that*a no problem. In Amer-</p>
<p>daxuěli» v8man bfi Jii 丨hi zli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ic&amp;n universities, ve don't Just</p>
<p>xu^xiio hi tfishOguInll niin shu<sub>9</sub> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;study In school and in the library,</p>
<p>shehui shengbxitf shl vSmen zui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Soci&amp;l life is our most Important</p>
<p>zhdngy&amp;ode J^iiokeshu, y? shl zui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;textbook and our best teacher. hSode lXoshl.</p>
<p>B:成ode, hSode, v8 yldlng he xl- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All right, 1*11 be sure to talk</p>
<p>li tinyitan, duo gSl nīmen anpai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vith the department <sub>9</sub> and set up aore</p>
<p>yidiXnr canguan fSngwěnde hu6- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;visiting activities for you people. ddng.</p>
<p>A: HSode, xlexle ni. Nl kuii Jinqu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Good, thank you. Nov you go on in</p>
<p>ni&amp;n shū ba! Bd zhkn nlde shf- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and study, I von<sup>f</sup>t take up any more</p>
<p>JiSn le. ZĪiJiin. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of your time. Good-bye•</p>
<p>B: Ziljiia. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Good-bye.</p>
<p>Unit 3&gt; Reference List</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: TSmq gōngghě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What do they call this coinmmxeT la</p>
<p>Jlio aMmT Olzizlsh&amp;ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it written on the list? ySu miijtm xiStbeT</p>
<p>B: XlSzhe ne, Jlio ”Si.lialng.” &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yea, it*3 called Sijiqlng.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Zhdlge gongshd shlvtlge dadul- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is the output this high In all</p>
<p>de chXnllfaig d5u zheme gao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fifteen brigades of this consrune? saT</p>
<p>B: Chtbuduo, zii shandida &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Alsost. The tvo brigades in the</p>
<p>llXngge didui, chSnllcLng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mouzrt&amp;lns hare somevhat lover</p>
<p>shXo yldllnr• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;outputs.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Beijing Jl8oqū shengchln yt- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There * s &amp;&nbsp;faaoxia kind of rice pro*</p>
<p>zhSng ySu mlzigde diozl, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;duced in the subxarbs of</p>
<p>Ji2o shězmeT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What•丨 it calledT</p>
<p>B: Jiio Jlngxld^o. BSlJīngde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It's called Jīzigxldio. Jlmc M la</p>
<p>Jīng, d5ng-zI-n£n-bSlde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;^i.1 Ing* xl aa In dSng-xI«Dfc^</p>
<p>de xl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bgi:</p>
<p>U. A: Quingu6 yfgdzig y5u Jlge pfng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov many fl&amp;tland regions are there</p>
<p>yufciT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the vhole countryt</p>
<p>B: MlfaJi bZjiXo dide ySu sige. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There are four vhlch are relatively</p>
<p>d5u shl 丨hSngchXn llfaigahide &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;large; all of then are major</p>
<p>zhSyio diqū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;grain-producing regions•</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Ndlge 丨hSsgchXn ahucilde didui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The brigade that produces vegetables</p>
<p>zhl y5u liflahiTBl! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;haa only sixty hoxiaeholda !</p>
<p>B: Sbi •, erbHduokSix riū m8i- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, for tvo hundred people• they</p>
<p>nlia mil gll gutfjli 沾 shXo* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sell a lot of vegetables to the</p>
<p>dm cii na! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;state every year!</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Zliasilt glo JlngJl ^liLMhS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Today* engaging In economic construc-</p>
<p>h£l shl Zb5aggu6 re^3n^ul &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tlon is still the most important</p>
<p>zhdngjr^Code gongzud a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vork of the Chinese people!</p>
<p>B: Shit sulrin 2hdlzle nl£n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, althou^x the pace of development</p>
<p>fazhln sxldu hSn kuii, kSshi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;has been vexy fast the past fev</p>
<p>JIngJi h£i shl vSmende gong- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;years <sub>f</sub> the econonor is still the main</p>
<p>zud zhdngdiXn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;focus of our vork.</p>
<p>T. A: He! NZmende caldi shoude bū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wow! You*Te harvested quite ft lot</p>
<p>shXo •! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;from your vegetable plots!</p>
<p>B: Jid shl aa, mliinS āi d5u shou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sure, ve harvested over teja thousand</p>
<p>jfvinduS Jīn na! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;catties from each mu of. l&amp;cd!</p>
<p>8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A; Zhdlge gSngabe JlxiehuS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Since this conmune vas mechanized,</p>
<p>ylhou, muchSn tlgaole duo- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hov much has the yield per nru</p>
<p>shXo? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;been increased?</p>
<p>B: Tlg&amp;ole ylbin duo yldiSn, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It v&amp;s raised a little more tti&amp;n half,</p>
<p>chibuduS blifenzhl vttshiyl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;about fifty one percent.</p>
<p>9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Nl Jiū canguSnle ”Sījiqlng?&quot; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You<sup>f</sup>ve only visited Sijiqlng? Hov</p>
<p>Biede Jlge xianjin gongshe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;about the other advanced cosmnmes?</p>
<p>ne? Shenzae shf hou qū ya? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When &amp;re you going to them?</p>
<p>B: GuS Jiti&amp;n Jiū qū, pel Jl- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We’ll be going in a fev days. We<sup>f</sup>re</p>
<p>vel n6ngye zhuSnJiS yiqī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;going vlth several specialists in</p>
<p>qū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;agriculture.</p>
<p>10. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Zhdlge dtqude n6ngye sheng* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is there anything distinctive aboxzt</p>
<p>chXn y5u sberune tedlSn m&amp;? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the agricultural production of this</p>
<p>region?</p>
<p>B: VSnien 8 hi zhe zǔzhile Jlge , &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We have organized a fev specialised</p>
<p>zhuanyěhuade gongshe, taznen- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;conaunes on a trial basis. Their</p>
<p>de shengchXn blJiSo y5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;production set-up is rather</p>
<p>tedlXn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;distinctive.</p>
<p>11. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Nlmen gongshe ySu zheme duo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Your conssune has so many large trac-</p>
<p>di tu5l&amp;.11! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tors!</p>
<p>B: Ng<sub>t</sub> pfngjūn m?ige didul &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, every brigade h&amp;a twenty on the</p>
<p>ershltal~v8nen hii xiSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;average, and ve vant to buy a fev</p>
<p>duo mil Jlt&amp;i ne! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;more!</p>
<p>12. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: C6ng tfoi&amp;nahang k&amp;n, nlmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;From the picture it looks like you<sup>1</sup> re</p>
<p>gongzudde hSo xlnktt. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vorldng very hard.</p>
<p>B: Meiyou sheane xlnkS, jiii shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Not so hard. We're Just planting</p>
<p>sil xu&amp;d^o hdubianr zhong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;some vegetables behind the school, dllnr cii.</p>
<p>13. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zhuiny8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;special line/field/discipline lU. Jlqt iilqi) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;machine</p>
<p>Unit 3&gt; Vocabulary List</p>
<p>b&amp;ifSn shl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;percent</p>
<p>c&amp;ldi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vegetable plot</p>
<p>chXnliaog &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;output, yield</p>
<p>dadui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(production) brigade</p>
<p>daozl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rice; paddy</p>
<p>di &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;earth<sub>y</sub> soil; land; fields</p>
<p>fSzhln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to develop <sub>f</sub> to expand» to grov</p>
<p>gongs hě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;comsune</p>
<p>guXn X jiao Y &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to call X Y</p>
<p>-hd &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;household* family</p>
<p>-hui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-ize</p>
<p>Jlansbd &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to construct• build; construction*</p>
<p>reconstruction</p>
<p>Jiioqū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;suburbs» outskirts</p>
<p>JlngxīdiLo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a kind of rice plant)</p>
<p>to mechanize</p>
<p>-kSu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for people)</p>
<p>li&amp;ogshl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;grain» cere&amp;ls</p>
<p>ml^njl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(surface) area</p>
<p>-mil &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mu» a unit of area</p>
<p>rmlchfci &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;per-班 yield</p>
<p>pfngjūn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;average» mean</p>
<p>plngyufin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;plain* flatlands</p>
<p>qu£ngu5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the irtiole country</p>
<p>rixsain &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the people</p>
<p>shandi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mountainous region* hilly area</p>
<p>sh5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to harvest</p>
<p>ahūcil &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vegetable</p>
<p>StjtqXag &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a cosmune in BSijīng suburbs)</p>
<p>-t&amp;l &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for machines)</p>
<p>tedlSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;distinctive trait <sub>t</sub> characteristic</p>
<p>tuSlSjI &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tractor</p>
<p>tUpli^ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;picture» photograph</p>
<p>xianjln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be advanced</p>
<p>xlnta &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be hard vork; to be toilsome,</p>
<p>to be arduous; to vork hard, to go through hardships, to go to great trouble</p>
<p>zhSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to plant</p>
<p>zhuanjia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;specialist, expert</p>
<p>zhuauyě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;special line/field/discipline</p>
<p>zhuany5hui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to specialize; specialization</p>
<p>z\izhi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to organize, to form</p>
<p>Unit 3&gt; Reference Note丨</p>
<p>1. A: Taiasa guln zhiige gSngsh^ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What do they call this conssune? Is</p>
<p>Jlio shSuM? Danzish&amp;ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it written on the list?</p>
<p>yBu meiyou xlSzhe?</p>
<p>B: XlSzhe ne» Jiio ”Sijiqlng.<sup>n</sup> Yes, it<sup>f</sup>s called Sljlqlng.</p>
<p>Notes on No. 1</p>
<p>gujtn. • •jiilo. • •: GuKn A jiao B means ’’to call A B.<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>GuXngdSng ren guXn qfpio Jiio &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cantonese call qfpaos (a kind of</p>
<p><sup>n</sup>ch4ngshSn.<sup>n</sup> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dress) <sup>M</sup>chingshin.&quot;</p>
<p>g5ngsh今:”commune” This is short for remain gSngsh^. &quot;people、coamme<sup>n</sup> (the word rennln i丨 taught in exchange 6). G5ng means public,<sup>w</sup> and sh备 la an &quot;organized body.</p>
<p>People*丨 coamunes, of vhich there are now over 52,000 in China, are the admlnlstratlTe unit丨 of the countryside. There are three levels of coBnmme organization: the production team, with from eleven to over one hundred houaeholdfl; the production 'brigade, with from twenty to over one thousand households; and the conssune itself, with from six to seventeen brigades or from fifty-six to 275 teams. A typical cososune might have a population of 22,500 people, 'broken dovn Into fifteen production 'brigades of three hundred families each, and each brigade vould in turn be coaposed of ten production teams of thirty faollies* (Of course, no actual comnune vould be divided up so evenly.) A typical county might be made up of thirteen communes of this size.</p>
<p>The people's coimrunes vere formed after a long series of changes in the organization of the countryside, beginning vith the Land Reform Movement of 1950. This movement distributed the land to the peasants; the next step vas to 'begin the coordination of their efforts in production. They did this in 1951 by forming mutual aid teazu, also caJJ.ed work exchange teams. The peasants still ovned their ovn land, plows, and livestock, &quot;but they pooled their manpover<sub>9</sub> tools, and other resources to get the work done.</p>
<p>In 1953• elcMntazy agricultural cooperatives vere organized by merging several mutual aid teaaa. The land, tools <sub>9</sub> and livestock became the property of the coopentire, but the profits from the land vere distributed, not ret&amp;lned by th« eonsone for investment • In 1956, vhen advanced agricultural cooperatives vert established, the distribution of profits vaa abolished.</p>
<p>In 1958, the last step to communize China vaa taken. The people's communes vere formed by the merging of several advanced agricultural cooperatives. What vas formerly an advanced agricultural cooperative 'became-丨 production 'brigade. The original plan for cosmiunlzatlon had called for coscpletlon in 19^7• Since no major problems vere encountered, the plan vas</p>
<p>Todayt conune me&amp;bers still live in indlvldu&amp;l ho\iaea. All the land, buildingsshops, clinic®, large machinery, electrical power stations<sub>9</sub> fac-and so on<sub>9</sub> belong to the commune. However, the planning of the production ud th6 pcTiaecit of the īnenLbers, vhich depends on the amount of production9 is done on the production team level. All the teams havǎ their ovn livestock, but they take turn丨 borrovlng large machines such as planters or tractors from the conmrune. Production teams often specialize in one type of activity, such as crop ralaing, machinery repair, or animal husbandry. Production brigades handle tasks vhich are beyond the capacity of a team<sub>f</sub> such &amp;8 irrigation or the purchasing of a tractor. Truly large projects like road construction or the establishment of &amp;&nbsp;large, veil-equipped hospital, must be taken on by the cosszrune.</p>
<p>ySu meiyou xlSzhe: -Zhe is the marker of duration. Together vlth &amp;&nbsp;verb, it describes &amp;&nbsp;STATE, for example:</p>
<p>M£n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;k&amp;lzhe.</p>
<p>(The door Is in the state of &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;The door is open.&quot;</p>
<p>having been opened.)</p>
<p>Měn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;guinzhe•</p>
<p>(The door Is in the state of &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;^The door is closed.<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>having been closed.)</p>
<p>Thus, ri$zhe<sub>f</sub> in exchange 1, means literally <sup>n</sup>in the state of having been writtenT<sup>11</sup></p>
<p>To make 丨 vert plus -zhe negative, use mgj(you) (not bil):</p>
<p>M^n k&amp;lzhe. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The door Is not open.</p>
<p>M^n aěi guanshe. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The door la not closed.</p>
<p>Danzlshang m&amp;l zlSzhe. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It isn^t written on the list.</p>
<p>To make a question* use one of the follovlng patterns:</p>
<p>M&amp;l kiizhtt aa?</p>
<p>M&amp;i ySu atiyou kalzhe? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is the door open?</p>
<p>HSn kilzhe nalyou?</p>
<p>Ne is often added onto the end of a sentence vlth •zhe:</p>
<p>M$n kalzhe ne m&amp;? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is the door open?</p>
<p>K&amp;lzhe ne. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, it*s open.</p>
<p>Many speakers of standard Chinese do not use this *the; they would repl&amp;ce it by pbrMlng such as M^n kalle and Danzishang y5u meiyou xi8 (or xl? le meiyou). HiMe •exrtencM are also perfectly good Chinese.</p>
<p>SHcalng: A conme In rural BSiJīng. Literally, the name means &quot;four-seasons-green,<sup>n</sup> in other vords, &quot;green all year round.<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>Half the population of the municipality of BSiJīng lives in rural areas, in 2了2 people<sup>,</sup>丨 comniunea. The principal crops are vheat, rice, and vegetables, including cabbage, eggplants, cucumbers, and tomatoes. There are also orchards producing &amp;pples, pe&amp;rs, peaches, and persimmons. About half the vegetables grovn in BSiJIng's conmrune丨 supply the city's needs completely and half are shipped elnevhere.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Zh^ige gongsh^ ahlvrXge dadul- la the output this high in all</p>
<p>de chfciliang dou zheme gao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fifteen brigades of this comnune?</p>
<p>ma?</p>
<p>B: Chilbuduo, zil shandide &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Almost. The tvo brigades in the</p>
<p>liXngge dldui, ch&amp;nliiLng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mountains have somevfa&amp;t lover</p>
<p>shXo yidiSnr. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;outputs.</p>
<p>Notes on No* 2</p>
<p>diLdul: &quot;(production) brigade,&quot; short for shengch&amp;n dldni&gt;</p>
<p>&quot;output, yield,&quot; literally, &quot;production_aoount•&quot;</p>
<p>ahandi: &quot;mountainous region; hilly area; hilly country,<sup>w</sup> literally, &quot;mountain-land.”</p>
<p>ASrb&amp;'niyi. shl shandl gu6ji&amp;. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Albania is a mountainous country.</p>
<p>Zki shan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Output is somevhat lover in</p>
<p>mountainous regions.</p>
<p>N^ige difang shl shan ， kai che That's hilly country; it iBn<sup>f</sup>t bfi tSLl fangbian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;easy to drive there.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: BSlJInc ^lioqg shengchln yi- There*s a famous kind of rice pro-</p>
<p>y.hXng yBu wlngiB d!kozi<sub>%</sub> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;duced in the suburbs of BSiJIng.</p>
<p>Jiio 鼸běoneT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vhat <sup>r</sup>s it called?</p>
<p>B: Jiio JlncJdlo. BSijīngde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>f</sup>s called Jlngxldio. Jīng as in</p>
<p>jlngt d5ng-xI-nfin«bSide &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Beijing, xl as in d5ng-xl-n&amp;n-</p>
<p>xl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;t?l b?T</p>
<p>Notes on No« 3</p>
<p>JiSoqu: &quot;suburbs, outskirts” The &quot;bound form ,Hao means &quot;suburbs,&quot; as in</p>
<p>in BglJlM xTJlio^ ”the western suburbs of BSiJIng,” yuajxIiSo. ”the outer suburbs^<sup>n</sup> and &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;‘ <sup>w</sup>the close suburbs.<sup>w</sup> (Qu<sub>%</sub> ”area, district ,<sup>w</sup> vlll be</p>
<p>introduced s«parmtel7 In Unit 5 of this moduleTT</p>
<p>BSlJIng Jlloqu ylg&amp;ng ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Altogether, there are 272</p>
<p>irbiiqīshiěrge gongsh^. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cammunes in the suburbs of</p>
<p>B?ijlng.</p>
<p>Sijiqrng gongshd zil BJijTngde The comnune Sijiqlng is in the Jin jiaoqū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;close suburbs of BJSiJIng.</p>
<p>dAozlt <sup>n</sup>rice<sup>n</sup> in the paddy or after harvesting but before hulling. (After hulling<sub>9</sub> it is called ml, and vhen cooked it is called fin.)</p>
<p>Jlngxld^o: &quot;Capital-West Rice,” &amp;&nbsp;variety famoua for its good taste.</p>
<p>BgiJTngde .iTng: <sup>w</sup>.lTng as in B^i.llng&quot; In conversation<sub>%</sub> you identify a vord or character ty giving a common phrase in ^rtilch it is used. The pattern for doing this is</p>
<p>Phrase &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-de Word</p>
<p>e.g., yl %r sin si -de si &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>nf</sup>four<sup>1</sup> aa in <sup>f</sup>one tvo three four•”</p>
<p>Thlfl pattern can te especially useful vhen you tell someone your Chinese name. If you vere called Chen Dingven. ( &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;), for example, you could</p>
<p>identify the characters of your first name by saying Yldlngde ding% v^nxu^da věn<sub>t</sub> &quot;Dtng as in yldlng (<sup>1</sup> certainly<sup>1</sup>), and ven as in venxue (<sup>1</sup>literature<sup>1</sup>).<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>d5ng-xl-n&amp;a-bgi: While in English ve usually name the directions of the compass in the order &quot;north» aoutli, eut, vest,&quot; in Chinese they are uaxiailly naaied in the order</p>
<p>d5ng xī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*bSi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;or &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d5ng nan xl *b!l</p>
<p>east vest south north &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;east south vest north</p>
<p>U. A: ftu&amp;ngu6 ylgdng ySu Jlge ping* How many flatland regions are there yufci? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in the whole country?</p>
<p>B: Mliali bfJlXo dide y5u sige, There are four yhich are relatively d5u shl shSngchSn llfaigahide large in area; all of them are zhfijrlo dlqū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;major grain-producing regions.</p>
<p>Botes on No. U</p>
<p>qufagu6; &quot;the yhole country&quot;</p>
<p>\f(x ZudrSnde hu^ zii quangu6 hSn The paintings of Wfi Zu&amp;ren are y8u mlng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;famous throughout the country.</p>
<p>chEnliiLng zui gaode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The area of the country vith the</p>
<p>diqu shl Sichuan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;highest output is Sichuan.</p>
<p>Bgijlng Ylo-llng-yio ZhSzigzuSde The cdxicational quality of BSlJIng<sup>1</sup> s Jlioju &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;qu£ngu6 dlyl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No. 101 Middle School is first</p>
<p>in the country.</p>
<p>&quot;(surface) «re‘&quot; (For the second example, you need to knov TjlngfSngwnglI • &quot;square kilometer .<sup>w</sup>)</p>
<p>Zheige gSzigsbede ml&amp;njl du6 dd? What is the area of this commune?</p>
<p>ZhSngguode mi&amp;nji shl JiSbXi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;China’s area is 9*6 million square</p>
<p>liiiahlvan plngfing gongll. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kilometers.</p>
<p>mi&amp;nji blJiXo dade ySu aige: This Is a useful structure vlth ySu：</p>
<p>MiīāH<sup>-</sup>tījlXŌ^ide~(pfn^Ū£^ ! y5u s£ge.</p>
<p>_I</p>
<p>I</p>
<p>(Ab for the ones Cflatl&amp;ndsJ I there four.) &quot;There are four vlth &amp;&nbsp;vlth a relatively large area, | are___relatively large area.<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>Ti bū yu&amp;oyl q\l Zh5nggu6de i zhSyao liXngge. yuinyln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;! y5u</p>
<p>I</p>
<p>I</p>
<p>(Ab for the reasons vhy he i there are tvo.) &quot;There are mainly tvo doesn't vant to go to ! mainly &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;reasons vtay he doesn't</p>
<p>China， &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vant to go to China.<sup>w</sup></p>
<p>Zu5tlSn mei l&amp;lde (r6n) ]ySu dixoshXo?</p>
<p>-,-</p>
<p>(Ab for those [people] <sup>1</sup> there hov many?) ”Hov many people vere vho didn't come yes- » vere &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;there vfao didn't come</p>
<p>ter day •_! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yesterday?&quot;</p>
<p>Zhongven shuSde nSme • měiyou Jlge. hZode MSlguo ren [</p>
<p>-1-</p>
<p>(Ab for Americans vfao [ there &amp;&nbsp;fev.) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>w</sup>There aren't but &amp;&nbsp;fev</p>
<p>speak Chinese that • aren't &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Americans vho speak</p>
<p>veil,_j &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ChinMe that veil•”</p>
<p>litn^ahi： <sup>n</sup>grain<sub>t</sub> cereals,&quot; but In Chinese terminology this can also Include other st&amp;ples like 168118 and sveet potatoes •</p>
<p>5. A: Nelge shengchln shucalde d&amp;dui The brlg&amp;de that produces vegetable丨 zhl y5u li^flhl~h5! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;has only sixty households!</p>
<p>B: Shl a* ^rbXldu5k5u r6n mei- Yes, for tvo hundred people, they nl&amp;n a&amp;l gSl gu^JlS bū shio- sell a lot of regetables to the de oil na! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;state every year!</p>
<p>Hotel on lo‘ 5</p>
<p>hMr)r ^household, family&quot; The original meaning of thla vord vas &quot;door, lov it haa become the counter for households. Besides its use in exchange 5* -hi can also be followed by the noun ren^ia, <sup>n</sup>people-hońe,<sup>n</sup> that is, &quot;family”:<sup>—</sup></p>
<p>Zheige dldul ySu duSshao hil &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov many households are there</p>
<p>renjia? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in this brigade?</p>
<p>Zkl M?igu6, chibuduS m?ihii d5u In Americ&amp;n, almost ercry family ySu dl^nshi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;has a television,</p>
<p>kSu: Literally, &quot;mouth,<sup>n</sup> this is the counter for people considered aa mfthlng up a family, as in</p>
<p>Nl Jia y5u Jlk5u ren? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov many people are there in your</p>
<p>family?</p>
<p>nAl ggl guo.1ia: ”sell to the state” Every year, a production teaa must give a certain percentage (usually from five to seven percent) of Its produce and cuh income in t&amp;xe丨 to the state. In addition» they oust sell m quota of grain to the state, the quantity being established according to the population of the team, and the area and productivity of the land. If thm teas is left vlth additional grain after fulfilling their quota, they deeida for themselves hov nruch of it they vfll sell for cash to the state at a lilgher price and hov much vill be put into the team<sup>f</sup>s grain reserves. The state sets quotas for grains; fruit and vegetable supply and demand are coordinated by local gOTermnent authorities.</p>
<p>• ••b讧 ahlode cii na!: Na is not a nev word for you; It ia Just a contraction of ne^ and 生.You have learned that ne is the marker of absence of change. Here&quot;Lt hmn a special function: to that the speaker is trying to convince the listener of the greatness of an azooucit, the great extent of a condition, or a fact vhlch surpasses ordinary expectations. Examples:</p>
<p>Tide shouznl bil 丨hXo ne! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;His income is not small (i.e., more</p>
<p>than you vould suspect)!</p>
<p>Ta shuSle yio sud dao hSn vSn ne. She s&amp;ld she vas going to work until</p>
<p>very late.</p>
<p>成o rVnaode difang na! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What a lively place!</p>
<p>ta nifinqlng, hii ning Isn't it something that someone qil zud Jiio丨h&amp;u ne! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;8 young as he can be a professor!</p>
<p>Yio cSngu&amp;n nine duo difaag, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov could one veek be long enough</p>
<p>ylge xlngql nir gou? Li&amp;ngge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to visit so many places? Tvo</p>
<p>xlngql hii Wi g5u ne! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;weeks wouldn’t even be enough!</p>
<p>Zhine d^de ren hai ku na! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Imagine, such a grown-up person</p>
<p>crying!</p>
<p>6. A: Xllnxil, tfo JlngJl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Today, engaging in econcoic construe-</p>
<p>h£l thl Zh8nggu6 rennln zoi tion is still the most Important zbbng^oām gSngzud a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;work of the Chinese people!</p>
<p>B: Shi<sub>9</sub> tuTria zhdlzle nl&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, although the pace of developaent fazhln siidu hSn kuii, kSshl has been very fast the past fev JīngJlT hil shi vSmende gong- years, the economy is still the main zvB zhdngdlSn. focua of our vork.</p>
<p>Notes on No. 6</p>
<p>.U^nsh^r <sup>n</sup>to construct, to build up; construction<sup>n</sup> This Is mostly used in a special sense: to construct or build up a country. The Jargon &quot;socialist construction<sub>t</sub><sup>n</sup> ”the construction of China,&quot; or <sup>n</sup>China reconstruct丨<sup>11</sup> conveys an attitude toward the <sup>n</sup>mlsflion<sup>n</sup> facing the country: to build China from the ruins left by a seal-feudal, semi^colonial society into a socialist ponrer and to create the conditions for the transition to Cosmunism. <sup>n</sup>Sociallst construe-tion<sup>n</sup> includes the reform of the superstructure as veil as the derelopoMnt of the national econosy.</p>
<p>VSmen 7^0 bX ZhSnggu5 Ji^nsh备- We vant to build China into • ch^ng yfge xlkndiibuide shd- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a modern socialist nation,</p>
<p>hulzht^ri gu6ji£.</p>
<p>remain: &quot;the people<sup>w</sup> You have seen* this vord already in R^runtntl • &quot;People<sup>1</sup> a currency•<sup>n</sup> Distinguish betveen renafn and renmen. Renaen (vlth the plural ending -men) refers to any and all people, without claat Inpll-c&amp;tion0. It has •pproxiaately the same scope aa &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;everyone.<sup>n</sup> Rgnnfn,</p>
<p>on the other hand, refers to the broad masses and lover-level cadres, and excludes st&amp;te and class enemies.</p>
<p>ZhSnggu6 rirnoin zīvi^ig neng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Chinese people hope to be able</p>
<p>shSntfiu6de anding* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lire peaceful and settled lives.</p>
<p>Qa&amp;ngu6 ylgdng y5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;erqi&amp;n- There are over 52,000 people<sup>1</sup>s</p>
<p>duo r^nxofn gSngsbd. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cosmunes in the vhole country.</p>
<p>fazhln; ”to develop, to grov” In the Society nodule, you learned the adjectival rert fidi. &quot;to be developed, Nov you see the action vert for ”t。 develop.&quot;</p>
<p>Zhii irshlnltn lil<sub>9</sub> RibSnde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Over the past tventy years» Japan's</p>
<p>qiche &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fazhlnde blJiXo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;automobile industry has developed</p>
<p>Inakl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rather quickly.</p>
<p>Zhonggu6 zhingfS zki null fǎzhSn The Chinese government is vorking gongy^. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hard to develop industry.</p>
<p>Ta yinjiu fizhSnzhong guo<sup>4</sup>iāde He studies the economic situation JIngJi qlngkuing. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of developing countries.</p>
<p>7. A: He! Nlnende ciLldi shoude b\i Wov! You<sup>f</sup>ve harrested quite • lot •hlo a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;from your vegetable plots!</p>
<p>B: Jlft thl aa, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ii dSu shou Sure, ve harvested over ten thousand</p>
<p>ylvftnduS Jīn na! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;catties from each mu of 工and!</p>
<p>Notes on Ho. 了</p>
<p>caldi: Vegetable plots<sup>n</sup> or &quot;vegetable fields&quot; (large or small).</p>
<p>shSu: &quot;to harvest&quot;</p>
<p>LXo V&amp;ngde caidi mSlni&amp;n shSude LXo W&amp;ng harvests a lot of fSnqle dSu hSn duo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tomatoes from his vegetable</p>
<p>plots every year.</p>
<p>Shoubudfto li&amp;ngshi, zSruae chi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If ve can't harvest any grain<sub>9</sub></p>
<p>fan ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hov vlll ve eat? (rhetorical</p>
<p>question said by farmers vhen voridng In the fields)</p>
<p>nrS: A Chinese unit of area equal to 1/15 hectare. In English thl霧 is simply vrltten mx (or sometlizies mou) •</p>
<p>di: &quot;land,&quot; <sup>n</sup>ground,<sup>n</sup> or <sup>n</sup>fielda<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>Zh^ilcuflll di ylql&amp;n shl w8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This piece of land used to</p>
<p>fūqlnde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;belong to my father.</p>
<p>Ta c6ng dtshang shXodaole nelzhl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He found that pen on the ground, bl.</p>
<p>Shui dishang ba! Ll&amp;n JlcLoshdu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sleep on the ground! Even pro*</p>
<p>d5u shui nir ne! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fes«ors sleep there!</p>
<p>Zheme zSo nlmen Jiii dao dtll qil You* re going to vork In the fields gSogzud la! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;. so early!</p>
<p>shSude bii ahlo: &quot;harvested quite a lot&quot; Here axe some more examples of thm pattern Verb -4e Quantity:</p>
<p>Nl chide til sbZo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You're eating too little.</p>
<p>GuZzqrli zhilge<sub>9</sub> vS zhldaode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don't knov much about this,</p>
<p>bil du8.</p>
<p>T£ kan xlXoshuo kande bl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He readfl more fiction than I.</p>
<p>v8 duo.</p>
<p>W8 tii shl JlcLo nl shSo mil yi- Didn't I tell you not to buy very diXnr ma? Nl aSlde tall duS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;muchT You bought too much!</p>
<p>le!</p>
<p>8. A: Zhiige gSngahi Jlxl^huiL &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Since this commune vas mechanized,</p>
<p>yThdu, afiehln tig£ole duS- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hov much has the yield per mu</p>
<p>shloT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;been Increased? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;—</p>
<p>B: TlgSole yfblLn du5 yldlXn, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It vas raised a little more than-'half,</p>
<p>ch^buduS bXlfSnzhl vttahlyT. about fifty-one percent.</p>
<p>Notes on No. 8</p>
<p>.llxl^hui： &quot;to mechanize; mechanization&quot; JĪ3dS means &quot;machinery，&quot; &quot;me-ch&amp;nics, or mechanical.<sup>w</sup> -Hui is the syllable vhlch corresponds to &quot;-ize&quot; (make into), vhich you learned In the previous unit In xlandAlhiA« &quot;to modern-ize•”</p>
<p>K6ngfi Jīzl^huk rilLnzil shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Agricultural mechanization Is nov</p>
<p>nongcunde zhdngdlSn gongzud • &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the key task in rural* areas.</p>
<p>Nlmen diduide Jlxl^hud. shulplng The level of mechanization in your zlSngding gao a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;brigade Is quite hi曲！</p>
<p>ylbiln du5 rldlln: &quot;a little more than half&quot; [The opposite, ” a little less than half, could be said as ch&amp;yldl&amp;ar ytbin. yjbiln ship yldllnr. or yl-'bin dAo yldllnr.]</p>
<p>b&amp;lfenzhl vttshlyl; &quot;fifty-one percent”- Chinese does not hava a separate vord for <sup>n</sup>percent,<sup>n</sup> expressing percentages with the same pattern uaed for all fractions. First, therefore, you should learn how to express fractions. In Chinese, the tvo parts of a fraction are stated In the reverse order from Eng-* lish, with the vord -zhl in betveen. (-Zhl is a literary vord with the sane use as -de: possessive or modification marker.)</p>
<p>sinfen zhl ir</p>
<p>(3 parts ，s 2) <sup>n</sup>tvo parts out of three,<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>i.e., &quot;tvo thirds&quot;</p>
<p>Here are a fev more exaszples: irfenzhl yl* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sizxfenzhl yl -j— slfenzhī yl 一 ershlfenzhl yl</p>
<p>slfenzhl vB &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bSfenzhl vfl ^ shlJlSfenzhl shiqX</p>
<p>Percentages (hundredths) are expressed like this: bSlfen zhl vttshlyl</p>
<p>(100 parts *8 51) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;fifty-one parts out of one hundred,<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>I.e., <sup>n</sup>fifty-one one hundredths&quot; or <sup>w</sup>fifty-one percent&quot;</p>
<p>^Normally, of course, you vould say ylban.</p>
<p>&quot;On« hundred p«rcent,<sup>n</sup> therefore, is b&amp;lfenzhT b&amp;l:</p>
<p>TI shi bXifSnshl bXlde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He is one hundred percent American. MSlguo rěn.</p>
<p>9. A: NT Jill cRnguanle &quot;Sljiqlng?&quot; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You're only visited Sijiqlng? Hov Biěde Jlge xlanjin gongsabout the other advanced communes?</p>
<p>ne? Shěnme shfhoū qxi ya? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When are you going to them?</p>
<p>B: Gu&amp; JltiSn Jiil qxi, pel JT- We’ll be going in a fev days. We're vii n6ngy^ zhuan.1la yiql &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;going vith several specialists in</p>
<p>qxi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;agriculture.</p>
<p>Notes on No, 9</p>
<p>biede &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;the other fev&quot; Conrp&amp;re:</p>
<p>NI Jiii cSzxguin gSngshi m&amp;? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You*re only visiting coimmme^T</p>
<p>B&amp;. canguan blede sherrne difang? You<sup>f</sup> re not going to visit any</p>
<p>other kinds of places?</p>
<p>xlanJln; &quot;adranced&quot; Thl丨 is used to describe people, vork units<sub>t</sub> or methods of a high level, worthy of emulation. Individuals may be desigxiat«d aa adTanced workers (xlan.lln g5ngzu5zh8) &quot;by their unit leader丨 or elected by their fellow workers, and units such &amp;8 factories and communes may be designated as advanced by government authorities. To qualify aa advanced, a unit sruBt have carried out all political movements successfully» succ••丨fully put into effect each policy directive, and coiopletely met the quota for it丨 product under the national plan.</p>
<p>gu5 .Utian: &quot;la a fev days&quot; (literally, &quot;pass a fev days&quot;)</p>
<p>QSng ni gud ylhulr ziS dXlal. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Please call back in &amp;&nbsp;vhile. (In</p>
<p>this case, gu5 yihiolr means d8ng ylhulr.)</p>
<p>Zkl gnd Jlge zlngql<sub>t</sub> tamen Jiii In another fev veeka, they are y^o sb5u d^osl le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;going to harvest the rice.</p>
<p>aim zlin dio le. Y&amp;u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mother and father arrived first.</p>
<p>gudla ylhulr, didl mdimel &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Then after &amp;&nbsp;while, younger brother</p>
<p>jt l£l &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and sister came too.</p>
<p>zhuanjia: &quot;specialist, expert&quot; The ending -jia enters into many words deacrihing people. It has a slightly different meaning from -zh?, which you leamsd in unit 1* -ZhS is only added to verbs; ~.1ia can be added to noun丨 &amp;s veil aa verta. -Zh8 means siaqply &quot;a person vho.&quot;, but^».1lǎ is used for pnrfMaicmal丨 or specialists in some activity. Thus, zuo.Ua ia &quot;profeaaional writer, author,&quot; but zuozhg is Just &quot;vritw&quot; (not specifying whether writing is the person's career).</p>
<p>The ending -.US is added to subjects of study, aa in zh备ngzhixuějiS,</p>
<p>”political &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and .UngJlxugJla^ &quot;economist•” In the PRC, some vords</p>
<p>vlth the endlac -Jjj, earzy elitist overtones and are sometime丨 replaced by* other terns...—</p>
<p>10. A: Zheige diqude n6ngyi sheng* Is there anything distinctive about</p>
<p>chXn ySu sh^zime t^dlXn ma? the agricultural production of thlfl</p>
<p>region?</p>
<p>B: W5men shlzbe zttzhlle Jlge We have organized &amp;&nbsp;fev specialized zhuSny备huide gongshi, ta- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;comnunes on a trial basis. Their</p>
<p>mende shengchSn brjiXo y5u production set攀up is r&amp;ther t^dlXn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;distinctive.</p>
<p>Rote丨 on Ro. 10</p>
<p>y8u shenne t^dlfa maT: &quot;does.. .have any distinctive points?&quot; ia here translated more Idiomatically as &quot;is there anything diatincti're about. •.?&quot;</p>
<p>shizhe zSzhlle...: &quot;trylng-Iy organized...<sup>n</sup> i.e., &quot;organized on a trial bull<sup>11</sup></p>
<p>Hi shi zhe n^iyang zud xlng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Try doing it that vay and flee</p>
<p>bu zing. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i'f it works.</p>
<p>ZhdiflhuSng xL$ v5 丨 hi zhe chuSn, I tried to put these shoes on, chuSnbuahing. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;but couldn't get them on.</p>
<p>Do not overuse shl zhe: there are other zoore coBmion ways to express English ”try•” Sometimes the idea of trying is linpllclt in the verb itself, as in</p>
<p>ZhilplSn v^nzhSzig v8 klnle, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I tried to read this article,</p>
<p>kinbiucliUiū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;but I couldn't.</p>
<p>W8 gSile, ta bfi yio. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I tried to give it to him, but</p>
<p>he didn't vant it (vouldn*t take it).</p>
<p>Sometimes, &quot;try” can be e^reaaed by reduplicating the verb:</p>
<p>Nl chiiZnelkuan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Try It on.</p>
<p>W8 chuZnl^ chuizit chuSnbTish^ng• I tried to put it on，but</p>
<p>couldn't get it on.</p>
<p>W8 kalle kil, kSlbukal. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I tried to open it, but</p>
<p>couldz^t get it open.</p>
<p>or by a reduplicated verb plus kin:</p>
<p>W8 nei zudguo Jiiozi, zuozuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I,ve never made .Ulozi (dumplings),</p>
<p>kiLn ba« &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;but I can try.</p>
<p>zilzhl: <sup>n</sup>to organize; organization^</p>
<p>Zh^ipiin v^Qzhing zQzhlde bXn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This article is veil organized,</p>
<p>hlo.</p>
<p>WSmen zSzhlle jfge ltbdngtu£n<sub>9</sub> We organized a tour group; ve yiXng dko Oxizhou q\l v£nrvanr. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;want to go on a trip to Europe.</p>
<p>Zheige zSzhl yTjIng y5u vflshivin This organization already has ren le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;500,000 people.</p>
<p>zhuany^: &quot;special line/field/discipline; specialization” This is used in the PRC for one's &quot;major&quot; subject in college, or for one's professional specialization.</p>
<p>W5 zSll dixai xuede zhuanyi shl My major In college vas political zh^ngzhlxuS• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;science.</p>
<p>Shilzue zhu&amp;nyi zhen mei yisi, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Majoring in math is really boring;</p>
<p>nl viish^nme h&amp;l yio xu$ ta? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wby do (did) you vant to take it?</p>
<p>Zhiige zhuSzqr^ zill Zhonggu6 hXn Very fev people study this special* shXo ySu ren xue. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;iz&amp;tlon in China.</p>
<p>zhuany^htA; <sup>n</sup>specialized; specialization&quot;</p>
<p>GongchXzigde zhuany^hxii yuS l&amp;l The specialization of factories Is yui pilbl^n le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;becoming more and more comaon.</p>
<p>Zhuany^fau^(de) r^nznln gongsh^ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Specialized coamunes have their</p>
<p>y5u tade hXochii. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;adrantages.</p>
<p>11. A: NSmen gongshd ySu zhhne du5 Your conmune has so many large trac-di tTi5la.1I! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tors!</p>
<p>B: Kg, pingjun mSlge d^dtui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, every brigade has tventy on the</p>
<p>^rshltalT vSmen h&amp;l xlXng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;average, and ve want to buy &amp;&nbsp;fev</p>
<p>duo oBTjItti ne! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tnore!</p>
<p>Notes on No, 11</p>
<p>tu5la,ir； &quot;tractor&quot; This vord may be &amp;&nbsp;sound borrovlng from the English vord &quot;tractor,<sup>n</sup> but it also makes good sense in Chinese, since the parts mean liter ally» &quot;drag-pxill-machine.&quot;</p>
<p>plngjun: &quot;average<sup>?f</sup> This can be used as an adjective, an adverb<sub>t</sub> or &amp;&nbsp;vert:</p>
<p>Zbongguo gongrende ringjūn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The average salary of Chinese</p>
<p>shSurii bil duo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;workers Is not much.</p>
<p>Plngjūn ylge rěn sr.i^e JiEozi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How could an average of ten jllozl</p>
<p>zSnme gdu! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(dumplings) per person be enough!</p>
<p>Plngjunqllal vSmen aSlge rin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When you average it out, each of</p>
<p>yBu shlkafcl qlln. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ua has ten dollars*</p>
<p>-t&amp;l: Llt«rally<sub>f</sub> &quot;platform&quot; (as you learned in 2h^nt£l• &quot;station plat喝 form”), this 1&amp; tha counter for machines. (The vord for ^machine <sub>f</sub> <sup>n</sup> jIq3L; la number Ik on this reference li丨t.)</p>
<p>m8lge d^dui ^rshlt&amp;l: &quot;tventy for each brigade&quot; No vert la necessary here. Compare:</p>
<p>Ylge ren yftoiil. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;One piece (e.g., of cake) per person.</p>
<p>mSige xTnggf yfcl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;once every veek</p>
<p>WSmen zuezi^o plngjūn vflge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In our school, there is one teacher</p>
<p>zu^sheng y£ge iXoshl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for every five students on the</p>
<p>average.</p>
<p>htl xling duo mil Jlt&amp;l: &quot;still vant to &quot;buy &amp;&nbsp;fev more&quot; English <sup>n</sup>wor%<sup>m</sup> sooetSes contains^tne meanizig of &quot;still, additionally&quot; (hU• so the vord &quot;still” Is not absolutely necessary In the English translation for UB. Look at other exu^les of the common pattern hil• • • du5•••:</p>
<p>Zhdlge xLXo n£nh£izl bil ziSag This little boy (still) wited to du5 chi jrlge plngguS<sub>v</sub> kSshl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hare another apple* b\rt his Bother</p>
<p>tS znima b\i g8i! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vouldn*t give it to him!</p>
<p>W8 hil xfviLng du5 xue Jlge yu8 I vould like to study Chinese for ZhSngven. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;another fev months.</p>
<p>TS h&amp;l dXi du5 ding jrtian c&amp;l He still has to wait another fev neng z5u. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;days before he can leave.</p>
<p>12. A: C6ng tflpliLnshftng kin, nlaea From the picture it looks like you*re gongzudde hXo xfnktt. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vorking very hard.</p>
<p>B: Meiyou shenma xlnldi, Jixl 丨hi Not so hard. We<sup>1</sup> re Just planting</p>
<p>zil zu&amp;dlLo h dxibiur zhōng some vegetables behind the school. diXnr ctl*</p>
<p>Rotet on Ho&gt; 1&amp;</p>
<p>tfipjjto; &quot;picture, photograph&quot; This is usually used for photographs<sub>t</sub> as In tttplip y.hfai In. &quot;photo exhibition&quot; (but some people use it for any kind of illustration).</p>
<p>rfnktt: ”to be arduous, tiring, hard” (literally, &quot;pungent-bitter&quot;)</p>
<p>TS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zud shi, vXnshang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It's too tiring for her, vorking</p>
<p>nlin shil, til xfnki! le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;during the daytime and studying</p>
<p>&amp;t night.</p>
<p>Nl zhhat zlnkfl yio l^iblngde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You're going to get sick from</p>
<p>fatigue by working so hard.</p>
<p>zh6n£： ”to plant<sup>n</sup> or <sup>n</sup>to grov” things:</p>
<p>Zh各lkuil dl zhdng sh^zime y? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You don*t harvest anything you</p>
<p>bu 8hou« &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;plant on this land!</p>
<p>Zhdng li&amp;ngshl shi n6ngmfnde shi. Grovlng -grain is the business of</p>
<p>the peasants.</p>
<p>Zheige shKo8h\l minz^x ski ah&amp;n- This minority nationality grova shang zhdngle bil shSo q£gu&amp;ide a lot of strange things on the dSngxl l&amp;i chf. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mountain to eat.</p>
<p>13. 2huanyi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;special line/field/discipline</p>
<p>(See Notes on No. 10)</p>
<p>lk<sub>0</sub> Jlqi (Jlqi) (yltii) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;machine</p>
<p>Unit 3, Rerlev Dialogue</p>
<p>Whll« vailing along VingfQjIog Boulevard in BSlJīog, Ms. Olsen (A), an agrlculturml sp«clAll8t froa the United States <sub>t</sub> and Chěn Gu6qi&amp;ng (B), from the China Tr%T«I SttrTlce, stop to look at the photos and articles displayed in the building of the People、Dally• They are looking at an article about a model cosnmine, Sijiqīog.</p>
<p>A: Zhdige difang shi bu shl vSz&amp;en &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is this one of the places ve're going</p>
<p>yio q\i caogiiande? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to visit?</p>
<p>B: Shi. Gud liXngti&amp;n vSmen Jiil qii. Yes. We，11 'be going in a couple of</p>
<p>days.</p>
<p>A: W8 k^n, zheige r^nmfn gozigshe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It looks to me as if this people<sup>1</sup> s</p>
<p>hSozlajig y5u yitdiXnr tebiě m&amp;, ta- commune Is rather special. Their mende shengchXn zh^yio shi shūcai production is mainly vegetable丨 and hi 8huXgu5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fruits.</p>
<p>B: Nl shuSde yldiSnr y? bli cuo, shěi You're absolutely right. Thi塞 i塞 Jii shi ySu mlngde Sijiqrng Reomln the famous Sijiqīng People's CoBnune. GSngshě.</p>
<p>A: &quot;Stjiqlng&quot;? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;SljiqlngT&quot;</p>
<p>B: Dut le, &quot;yinlin stji<sup>n</sup>de &quot;siji,&quot; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yea. &quot;Siji&quot; 〔&quot;Four Seasons&quot;] aa in</p>
<p>&quot;qlng sh£n id. shul&quot;de &quot;qlng&quot;, Ńln &quot;y^niia stjl&quot; C<sup>w</sup>thro\i^iout the four zii BSiJīng Fandi&amp;n chīde cii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;seaaona of the year,&quot; and <sup>n</sup>qlng<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>dSbiLfen d5u shi tamen shengchinde. [&quot;green&quot;] &amp;8 in &quot;qlng shan 1^ shui&quot;</p>
<p>C&quot;green hills and green water&quot;3.</p>
<p>Most of the food you eat at the BSi-Jīng Hotel is produced by them.</p>
<p>A: Ou! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh!</p>
<p>B: Tamen gongshe y8u 丨ivinduS sA &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Their consmme has over four hundred</p>
<p>tttdi, dibtifen d5u shl caidi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mu of land. Most of it is vegetable</p>
<p>plots.</p>
<p>A: Cildide niinji zhin bXifenzhl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What percentage do the vegetable</p>
<p>duSshXo? Zhdr y9u meiyou xlSzbe? plots take iq&gt;T Is it written here?</p>
<p>B: Zhir ziSshe ne. Cildi zhan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, it is. The vegetable plot丨</p>
<p>llXngvin llXngqlSn nt3» yfbinr du5 take yxp 22,000 mu, a little more than yidlSnr. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;half.</p>
<p>A: Name&gt; h&amp;l y5u yi\rin baqian m3 ne? And vhat about the other 18,000 mu? Zhoogde dou shl shěmne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What do they grov there?</p>
<p>B: Tamen shu5 ydng ylvin mu āi zhong They say they use 10,000 mu to plant lilLngshl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;grain.</p>
<p>A: ^g. Zhflyio shengchXn shSnrne &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What grain do they mainly produce? llingatait</p>
<p>B: Dioii, y8u m£ngde Jīngxldao! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Rice，the famous Capital-West rice.</p>
<p>Nln lii zhdr ylhdu, tiantian chi! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You’ve been eating it every day since</p>
<p>you came here.</p>
<p>A: Aha! Yufinlfii &quot;Jlngxldio” shi Si- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ah! So Sijiqīng produces Capital-</p>
<p>Jiqīng shengchSnde. Tlngshuo chin- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;West rice. I hear that the yield is</p>
<p>liing hSn gio ou! MuchXn ySu yi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;very high! The per-mu yield Is over</p>
<p>qianduo Jīn ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;one thousand cattiea'7&quot;isn<sup>f</sup>t it?</p>
<p>B: YSu, mSchSn zSng zai yiq.ian yi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes• The per-nru yield is alvays</p>
<p>ql&amp;n ytbti Jin zixSyěu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;approximately 1,100 cattles.</p>
<p>A: 合g， zhende 'btl cud. Na lingvai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mm, that * s really quite good. So</p>
<p>baql&amp;n m3 d5u shl shuIguS? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;then are the remaining 8,000 mu aJ-i</p>
<p>fruits?</p>
<p>B: Shi. Tamen gSngsh^de shuTguS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. Their conmune has &amp;&nbsp;vary high</p>
<p>chfaliang y? hSn gao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fruit yield, too.</p>
<p>A: W8 hil y5u ylge věntl, qu&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I have one more question. What's</p>
<p>gongshe y8u duSshXo renkSu, ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the population of the vhole cooBBUUt</p>
<p>duoshXo lSoddnglt? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and how many laborers ar« theref</p>
<p>B: YSu yfwia ling b&amp;bSlduS si- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There are 10,800 households<sub>9</sub> over</p>
<p>vain s5nqlandu5 k8u r$n<sub>9</sub> llXngvin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;“3,000 people, and over 22,000 labor-</p>
<p>liXngqiSndxaS l^oddngli, plngjun &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ers. On the average <sub>9</sub> every laborer</p>
<p>m2ige l&amp;oddnglt dSl guSn li&amp;ngmtt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;has to take c&amp;re of tvo mu of land! di na!</p>
<p>A: Ylge ren guXn liXngmil di hSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is it very hard work for one person</p>
<p>xīnkS ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to take c&amp;re of tvo mu?</p>
<p>B: Zhdng ciit shǒu cii<sub>9</sub> idinzii h&amp;l &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At present they still don<sup>f</sup>t have</p>
<p>mei kīo Jīqi, qu&amp;n dSl ksto &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the means to adopt machines. Planting</p>
<p>sh8u, zSnme bO. xlnkS ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and harvesting have to be done entirely by hand. IVs hard work all right.</p>
<p>A: Hi kin, ttqpiiaehAng ySu btl shlo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;But look, in these pictures there</p>
<p>tu5l£jī<sub>9</sub> tfaande Jīxidhui shulplng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;are lots of tractors. Their level of</p>
<p>xla&amp;gdZac gio na. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mechanization is pretty high!</p>
<p>B: Zhdlge gSngshd xlangdang xlanjin, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This comznune is quite advanced.</p>
<p>ySu ytbli bSshl li&amp;ng qlche <sub>t</sub> dlL &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They have 180 automobiles <sub>9</sub> and over</p>
<p>xiXo tuolajI s&amp;nbXl qīshlduS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;370 tractors. But the main Job of</p>
<p>kSahl zhdlxle qiche zhfiyaode gong- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;these vehicles Is to take the vege-</p>
<p>zud shl ti cki sdng dao chengll qu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tables into the city.</p><h4>A: Ng, v8 d8ng le, v5 Juede zheige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mm, I see. This seems to be a very</h4>
<p>gSngshd hSn y8u tedlSn, nl zcl! duo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;distinctive conmune. Could you tell</p>
<p>t&amp;ntan<sub>9</sub> hSo bu hSo? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;me more about it?</p>
<p>B: HXo a! Zhdige gongshede aSlge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Every production brigade of the cob-</p>
<p>shSngcbSn ^ d5u y8u zijlde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;iztuzie has Its ovn production priority—</p>
<p>ahengcbSn shdngdlXn~thezigchSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;do you understand &quot;production brigade?” didui nl dSnc dSng?</p>
<p>A： W5 zhldAO shSngchXn didui, sheng* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I knov about productions 'brigades,</p>
<p>cbKndul, shenmede• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;production teams<sub>9</sub> and so forth.</p>
<p>B: Na hSo<sub>9</sub> vSmen gu2n tSmen zhei- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, veil ve call this method of</p>
<p>zhSng zilzbl ahengchXnde iD&amp;nfS Jiio &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;organizing production of theirs</p>
<p>zbu&amp;oy^hujt shSngchXn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;specialized production.</p>
<p>A: A! MSlge ahengcbSn dttdui d5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ah! Each production brigade has it丨</p>
<p>ySu zijlde zhxiany^. HSoJfle. Zhdi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ovn specialty. Great• This srust be</p>
<p>dui fazhln shengcbXn yfding ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of great help in expanding produc-</p>
<p>bln āide bXochu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tion.</p>
<p>B: Shi ma! ShengchXn fazbSnle, ren- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sure! The people<sup>v</sup>8 standard of</p>
<p>mlnde ahenghu£ shulplng c&amp;l neng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;living can only *be rftised vtxea produe-</p>
<p>tlgSo ma! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tion expands•</p>
<p>A: Name, zhdizhSng zhuSoyehu^ sheng* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;So is this kind of specialized pro*</p>
<p>chXa zkl qu£agu6 shi bu shi hSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;duction very comnon throiighout the</p>
<p>p3bi2n ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vhole country?</p>
<p>B: Bd shl, qu£ngu6 dibūfen gongshe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No, most of the communet In the</p>
<p>zh^yao hilsM shengchln li&amp;ngshl, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;country still m&amp;inly produce grain,</p>
<p>zal āi ch^ngshlde Jin JiSoqū cii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>1</sup>8 only in the close suburbs of Mg</p>
<p>ySu xling Sijiqīng zheiy&amp;ngrde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cities that one finds cosnunes like</p>
<p>gongshi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sij iqīng.</p>
<p>A: YSu Jīhul» v8 hil xlXng q\l can* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If 工 get the chance, I<sup>1</sup> d also like</p>
<p>guZn yiliXngge pStSngde gongshe. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to visit one or tvo ordinary comsiunefl•</p>
<p>H&amp;l ySu p£ngyu£n b各 shandide n6ng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Also, farming production is probably</p>
<p>yě shengchln qfngkuing digii y! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;very different on the pl&amp;ins from that</p>
<p>y5u h!n duo bd t6ng» rliguS y5u Jl- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in mountainous regions* If it's pos-</p>
<p>hul» v8 hSn xlSng qū liXoJi! yixii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;slble, I*d like very much to go look</p>
<p>tamende q\£bi^&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;into the differences*</p>
<p>B: HXode. Zui Jīn Jlni£n ZhSziggu5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;AH ri^it. In the past fev years,</p>
<p>nSngyi Jlinshd fishXnde bXn ku2l. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;China's agricultural construction has</p>
<p>Nln 丨hi zhuinjiS, nlnde yijian dui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;been moving rapidly ahead. As an</p>
<p>vSmende gjSngfvd ylding y8u h!n d^de &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;expert, your opinions can help ub &amp;</p>
<p>bSngxhu, vB yldtng du5 gSi nln an* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;great de&amp;l in our vork. I• 11 be sure</p>
<p>p&amp;i Jlge difft&amp;g. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to arrange a few more visit丨 for you.</p>
<p>A: Bd bī kdqi* riln anpaihSole<sub>9</sub> qlng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You needn't be polite. Please let</p>
<p>zXo yidlXnr giosu vo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;me knov soon after you We made the</p>
<p>az7angement8 •</p>
<p>Unit 3« Tape 2 Workbook</p>
<p>Exercise 1</p>
<p>This exercise is a review of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker vill say a sentence in English, followed by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker vlll confirm your ansver.</p>
<p>All sentences from the Reference List vlll occur only once. You may vant to revlnd the tape and practice this exercise several times.</p>
<p>Exercise 2</p>
<p>In this exercise, an American is looking over the selection in front of a vegetable stall in Dongdǎn market in Beijing and strikes up a converaation vith the salesperson.</p>
<p>The conversation occurs only once. After listening to it cosqpletely<sub>f</sub> 7011*11 probably vant to revlnd the tape and ansver the questions belov &amp;s you listen &amp;&nbsp;second time.</p>
<p>Here are the nev words and phrases you vill need to understand this conversation:</p>
<p>qlngJiSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;green pepper</p>
<p>bSndt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;this locality</p>
<p>chu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to produce</p>
<p>J3 ge lizl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to give an example</p>
<p>st Ji &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;four seasons</p>
<p>yinlfin sijt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in all four seasons of the year,</p>
<p>all year round</p>
<p>chunjt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;spring season</p>
<p>qiuji &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fall season</p>
<p>si Ji ch£ng id &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;green &amp;11 year round</p>
<p>zSzig mlinji &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;total area</p>
<p>Questions for Exercise 2</p>
<p>Prepare your ansvers to these questions in Chinese so that you vill be able to give them orally :r. class.</p>
<p>1. Vhere axe green peppers grown?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What 1b the main product of moat people<sup>1</sup> a coxosune囂f</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bov doM thm salesperson explain the components of the word StJioTngt</p>
<p>U. Hov nuch of Sijiqīng<sup>v</sup>s total area ifl planted to vegetables?</p>
<p>After you have ansvered these questions yourself, you may vant to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also vant to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers•</p>
<p>Note： The translations used In these di&amp;lcguea are meant to indicate the English functional equivalents for the Chinese sentences rather than the literal meaning of the Chinese.</p>
<p>Exerciae 3</p>
<p>In this conversation, an American vho la examining several varietiM of rice in the Beijing Agricultural Eadaibition Center talks vith a vorker.</p>
<p>Li丨ten to the conversation once str&amp;ight through. Then, on thm second time through<sub>f</sub> look below and ansver tha questions.</p>
<p>Here are the nev words and phr&amp;aes you vlll need to understand thl篇 conversation:</p>
<p>plnzhSzig &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;variety</p>
<p>Ql&amp;nJīndio &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thousand-Catty Rice</p>
<p>mfngcf &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;term<sub>f</sub> expression</p>
<p>Ch&amp;og Ji£ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Yangtze River</p>
<p>JiSngzULn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the area south of the lover reaches</p>
<p>of the Chfing Ji&amp;zxg (Yangtze River)</p>
<p>n6ngy^qu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;farming region</p>
<p>in &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shore, bank, coast</p>
<p>ping &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be flat<sub>9</sub> to be level</p>
<p>Hu&amp;ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Yellow River</p>
<p>Questlona for &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3</p>
<p>Prepare your ansvers to these questions in Chinese so that you vlll be able to give them orally in class.</p>
<p>1. What is the chief characteristic of Capitol-West Rice?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov are conditions in the Ji&amp;ngn&amp;n region suime for the devel-opnest of agriculture?</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov doefl the yield of Thouaand-Catty Rice co吨are with the average yield for grains?</p>
<p>k. Describe the production brigade in Sh&amp;nxī that the American heard aibout.</p>
<p>After you have ansvered these questions yourself, you may vant to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also vant to listen to the conversation to help you practice saying the ansvers vhich you have prepared.</p>
<p>Exerciae k</p>
<p>This conversation takes place during a visit by an Americ&amp;n farm owner to the apple orchard of NankSu Farm in BSlJīng.</p>
<p>Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then rewind the tape and listen again. On the second time through, ansver the questions•</p>
<p>You vlll need the follovlng nev words and phrases:</p>
<p>n6ngchXng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;farm</p>
<p>n6ngmfn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;* peasant</p>
<p>gSngren &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;worker</p>
<p>yini&amp;n *bl y ini in du5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;more and more every year</p>
<p>plngjunshū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;an average number, a mean</p>
<p>zlinjīn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cash</p>
<p>ctSnkuXn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;savings</p>
<p>ākibiiotuin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;delegation</p>
<p>Que丨tiona for Exercise k</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vhat is the first question the American asks the worker?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vho runs N&amp;nkSu Farm?</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vhat are the differences betveen peasants and agricultural workers?</p>
<p>k. Hov the income of peasants changed? What is the major cause of the change?</p>
<p>5. Vhat is the American's co皿ent about the success of China's efforts to modernize agriculture?</p>
<p>6. (Extra) Pretend that you are going to visit a »r^\and 成iJīng. JiiMt of quMtloDS you vould like to ask the workers.</p>
<p>After you har« aaairered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this converaation. You may also want to listen to the conversation to help you pronounce your answers correctly.</p>
<p>Dialogue and Translation fo” 霣T-reiag 2</p>
<p>This dlalogut takes place in front of a vegetable stall in Dōngdan</p>
<p>m&amp;rket in Btijlug, An American customer (A) is looking over the selection.</p>
<p>Here he talks irlth the salesperson.</p>
<p>A: Ai, zheige qlngjiao hSo da a! Y? Wov! These green peppers are so hSn xīnxlan, shl b8ndJ chude baT big! They<sup>1</sup> re very fresh, too. They</p>
<p>nruflt be local produce, aren't they?</p>
<p>B: Shl c6ng Jiioqū l&amp;lde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They come from the suburbs.</p>
<p>A: BSiJīng ji&amp;oqude renmln gongshe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do &amp;11 the people’s coazaunes in the</p>
<p>dou zhdng shūcil m&amp;? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;suburbs of BSijXng grov vegetables?</p>
<p>B: XiinzaldLe renmln gongshě zhSy&amp;o These days most people's comsiunes</p>
<p>h&amp;lshl zhdng liingshi, Ji&amp;oqǔde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;still mainly produce grain. In coa-</p>
<p>gSngshd ySu xie didui zhdng ahūcil<sub>9</sub> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;munes in the silburbs,丨one brigade丨</p>
<p>dazigr&amp;n y8 ySu zhu&amp;nyehuide g5ng_ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;grov vegetables<sub>9</sub> and, of course，</p>
<p>shd. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;there are also specialized comsunM.</p>
<p>A: Zhxiaoyehiii 丨hi sh^xime yisi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What does specialized meul</p>
<p>B: ZSSnme shuo ne? WS shi zhe .18 ge Hov should I explain it? 1*11 try lizl ba. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and glre you an exan^le.</p>
<p>A: 袞g, nl shuSabuo lean. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mm, go ahead.</p>
<p>B: Blfang shuo Sijiqīng zheige gozig- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For Instance, the conomme Sijiqīng. sbd.</p>
<p>A: &quot;Sijiqīng&quot; shl sh^zune yiaiT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What does &quot;Sijiqīng” mean?</p>
<p>B: Ng, <sup>n</sup>yl er sia ai<sup>n</sup>de ”si,” <sup>ff</sup>chun<sub>r</sub> Si [&quot;four&quot;] &amp;s in yl Sr sSn si</p>
<p>Jjt, qiu.li<sup>n</sup>de ”ji•” ”qlng” JIU shl C<sup>n</sup>one two three four ]• Jl C<sup>w</sup>aeaaon<sup>n</sup>] ^u<sup>n</sup>de yisi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;aa in chunjl, qiujj C&quot;spring season,</p>
<p>fall season'<sup>1</sup>!. Qlng means &quot;green.&quot;</p>
<p>A: A! Na shl aī ji chixig ldde yisi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ah! So it means &quot;green all year</p>
<p>round.<sup>11</sup></p>
<p>B: Dui le<sub>9</sub> Jiii shl ylavel něige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right. It<sup>f</sup>s precisely because the</p>
<p>gSagshl rtnl^n dou shi lūde, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;commane Is green all year round that</p>
<p>vSmen cii guln tft Jlio Sijiqīng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ve call it Sijiqīng. It<sup>f</sup>s an advanced</p>
<p>Si shi ge ziSxijinde gongshe• Ta- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;coossune. They grow only vegetables, men JIU zhdng cii!</p>
<p>A: Jlň zhdng cii?! A! Dui le* dui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Only vegetables? Oh! Of course,</p>
<p>le, BuSyl guXn zhdlge gongshS Jlio &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That<sup>f</sup>s vby they call it a. special-</p>
<p>zhu&amp;oydbui gongshě. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ized commune.</p>
<p>B: Ou, w8 shuode ”Jii zhdng cii<sup>n</sup> b1l Oh, when I said <sup>n</sup>oňly vegetables <sub>9</sub><sup>n</sup> I shl shu5 bSifenzhī *bSi a! Jlū shi didn't mean one hundred percent! I</p>
<p>shu2, cildid* alinji hSn di, zhka mean that the area of their vegetable gongshd x8bc aifaJide bXlfSnzhl plots is very large. They make up qī-b&amp;shir &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;seventy or ei^ity percent of the</p>
<p>commune's total area!</p>
<p>A： Su6yl zhdige zlSnJtn gSngsh^ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;So the m&amp;ln product of this</p>
<p>zhiSy^ode shengchSn shl shucai! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cosszrune is vegetables!</p>
<p>5: Dui le« yidlSnr d5u bū cud! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right, absolutely correct. These</p>
<p>Zheige di qīngJiSo Jiii ahi c6ng big green peppers are from there. nir l^ide. DuS &amp;Xl jlge b&amp;! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B\jy a bunch of them!</p>
<p>A: HXo, w8 mSi yljln. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, 1,11 take one catty.</p>
<p>Di&amp;logue and Tranalation for Exerciae 3</p>
<p>In the BSiJIzig Agricultural Ejdii'bition Center, an American (A) is</p>
<p>Ining several varieties of rice. He talks vlth &amp;&nbsp;vorker froa the Centw (B)«</p>
<p>A: HZmende diozi plnzhSng hSn du5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You have 丨o many varieties of rice!</p>
<p>na!</p>
<p>B: PlnzhSng 丨ht til shXo, chSnli&amp;ng Yes, there are a lot of Yarletiea• blJiXo gSode shl zhěi shlJIzhSng. The .ones vith the hipest yields are</p>
<p>these ten or so here.</p>
<p>A: TSmende chXnli^ng zii zher ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are their yields vrltten dovn heret meiyou zlSzheT</p>
<p>B: XlSzhe ne! Rtn xi2nz2l k&amp;ndaode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. Vhat you’re looking at nov is</p>
<p>shl Jlngxldio, aflchln yiqian ytbSl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Capital-West Rice. It haa a per-mu</p>
<p>Jin zuBydu* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yield of approximately 1,100 catties.</p>
<p>A: 0, zhi Jial shl ^ia^īnd&amp;ode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, this is one kind of Thousand-</p>
<p>yizbSng le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Catty Rice.</p>
<p>B: 食g. JlngxTdiode tddlXn Jiil shi Vm. Capital-West Rice is dlstin* hXo chi* &quot;QlinJIndio” zhěige nlng- gulshed for being good to eat. The cl zui xlo shi sil Jiinmfa ydng<sub>9</sub> term Thousand--Catty Rice vas first 3^kňxil JiSacnia d4oiīchEli&amp;ng used in Jianga&amp;n Cthe area south of h£i shi brjilo glo jlxie. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the lover reaches of the Yangtze River!.</p>
<p>Today the yield of rice in that area is still coiq&gt;aratiYely hlgb*</p>
<p>A: Dui» JiSngnin duSbinr shi ping- Of course. Jiangnan is mostly flat-yutn, m(lyou 丨b系ome shSndi, shui lands. There are hardly aoy hills, ydu fSngbian, zi6ngyd shengchSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Water i丨 cozrreziient, too. The condl-</p>
<p>fazhlnqllal blJlSo y5u tliojian. tions are better for the deveiopment</p>
<p>of agriculture.</p>
<p>B: Jiil shl oa! SvByī Jiangnan yizhi Exactly! That <sup>f</sup>s vhy Jlangn&amp;n has shl w8 gu6 zhdngy&amp;ode nongyeau. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;alvays been an important agricultural</p>
<p>region of our country.</p>
<p>A: B(igud» v5 xliLnzii Hu£ng He &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;But I think that nov agricultural</p>
<p>llXns iad&gt; n6ngyi shengchln qfng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;production is quite good on both sides</p>
<p>kuing cud le. Tīngshuo<sub>y</sub> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of the Yellow River. I hear that the</p>
<p>xl4ax4l li^ngahi mSlnxtl pfngjūn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;average per-mu yield of gr&amp;ln is nov</p>
<p>cbXn3JLlns dSu z2i si^vSb&amp;lJIn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;around four or five hundred cattles. zuSydu le.</p>
<p>B: ChibuduS shl zheiy&amp;ng. W5 xlSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That<sup>1</sup> s about the vay it is. And I</p>
<p>zal gud Jīnlin qingkuing hui geng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;think ^that In another fev years the</p>
<p>hSo yixie. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;situation vlll be even better.</p>
<p>A: Shfdu5nl£n qi&amp;n vS tTngshuoguo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ten or so years ago I heard about</p>
<p>Sh&amp;nxT ylge shengchSn dadui ner &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a production brigade in Shanxi that</p>
<p>chibuduS quin shl shandi, meiyou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vas almost on hilly land. There</p>
<p>jZmS dl shi pingde, kSshi tamen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vere only &amp;&nbsp;fev mu of flat land, but</p>
<p>mSinl&amp;n y? m&amp;i g2i gu6jia *bi shSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;they still sold &amp;&nbsp;lot of grain to the</p>
<p>de llingshl ne! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;state every year!</p>
<p>B: Xlinzai, zhdiyangde dadui, gong- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;These days, there are m lot of</p>
<p>sh各 *bū ahXo le. Ch&amp;ng. Jiang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;brigades and consBunes like that.</p>
<p>JiSngnSn, Hufcue He shang xla nSr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They*re everyvhere—the Taagtze Rlv«r,</p>
<p>15u ySu a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;JiSngnfa, and the Yelloir Rlvsr atm.</p>
<p>A: Ng« bti cud b&lt;i cud, Zhonggu6de &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mm, great, great. China's agrleul-</p>
<p>z^ngy*备 di ySu xlv&amp;ng! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ture has a great future!</p>
<p>Di&amp;logue and Translation for Exercise U</p>
<p>An American farm ovner (A) is visiting BSiJIng's NSnkSu Fan. In the</p>
<p>apple orchard* he talks vith &amp;&nbsp;responsible person from the farm (C).</p>
<p>C: WSmende piogguS zinmeying? Sil &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov &amp;re our apples? Not too bad,</p>
<p>kěyi chi ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;are they?</p>
<p>A: 食g, zhen bti cud, hSn ti&amp;n, hSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mm<sub>f</sub> they<sup>f</sup>re really good. Very sveet.</p>
<p>hSo chī. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Delicious.</p>
<p>C: Lil<sub>9</sub> zii chi ylge! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Here, have another!</p>
<p>A: Op bd xiixig zii chi le, vSmen JlH &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, I can*t eat any more. Let's</p>
<p>liiollao tlSnr ba! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jxist chat!</p>
<p>C: Hlo 氤！ HZ zlXng li&amp;o shenmeT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sure! What vould you like to talk</p>
<p>about?</p>
<p>A: Nlmen n6ngch8ngde zǔzhi he rSzmiū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is there a big difference betveen</p>
<p>gSngshe ySu h2n dide qubiě m&amp;? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the organization of your farm and that</p>
<p>of a cososune?</p>
<p>C: YSu. N6ngchSng shi guo Jia bande. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. The farm is run *by the state •</p>
<p>Zii n6ngchXng gongzuode ren btl shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The people vho vork on the farm &amp;ren,t</p>
<p>pQtSngde nSngmln, shi n6ngyě g5ng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ordinary peasants, they*re agricultur-</p>
<p>ren. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;al workers.</p>
<p>A: 0. HIm n6nsy^ g^ngren shi n£ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, so agricultural workers are on</p>
<p>zhdngfQ gS&amp;fxIdt* Tiaen h籌 nSng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;government salary .v Are they different</p>
<p>mfn h&amp;l y9u 霧bCzme bū yfyfagde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in any other ways from peasants? meiyou?</p>
<p>C: Meiyou shenne. TSmende gongzud &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Not really. Their vork is the same,</p>
<p>shi yfy&amp;ngde, dou shi gio n6ngye &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They<sup>1</sup> re both in agricultural produc-</p>
<p>shengchXn* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tion.</p>
<p>A: N6ngy^ gSogrende sh5urū *bī n6ng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Agricultural vorkera have higher</p>
<p>mln du3 ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;incomes than peasants« don't they?</p>
<p>C: 2\i ylding. Xiinzii ySu zly6u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Not necessarily. Nov, vith free</p>
<p>8hichkng» ytbSnde n6ngmtnde shSurxl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;markets <sub>f</sub> most peasants have &amp;&nbsp;much</p>
<p>d5u bl ylql£n du5duS le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;higher income than before.</p>
<p>B: Shi ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is that so?</p>
<p>A: Li vSmen n6ngchXng *bū yuXnde di- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Not fax from our farm there's 丨 fongr ySu ylge gongshd<sub>f</sub> yTqi£n, Ji- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cosmrune. In the put, their lerel xlihoi shulplsg y8 bū gSo<sub>t</sub> d&amp;JiS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of mechanization vun*t hl^h. Af-zlnzīnlcSkS gSsgzudle yinl&amp;n, gong- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ter everybody had toiled for a vhole shh shSurū 'bH du5, JlSU fende y2 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;year, the commune didn't hare much bū du5, shenghu6 zhen r6ngyl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;income<sub>f</sub> so e丨ch family's allotment KSshi xiinzii ySulc ziy6u shichlng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vasn't much either. Life vaa re&amp;Uy tamende qfnglroitng hXoduS le, chille &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hard. But nov, vith free markets<sub>9</sub> zhdng li£ng9hi ylvii, tSmen y? y5u- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;their situation is such better* Bale shūcdi, shuXguS, shenmede, sh5u- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sides groviag grain<sub>9</sub> they nov also r\l vinlin bl ytnlin du5 a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;liave vegetables, fruits<sub>%</sub> and so on.</p>
<p>Their income is more and more every year,</p>
<p>A: Name xliiizki pfngjǔn mSige l&amp;o- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;So hov much c&amp;ah Income can &amp;&nbsp;labor-</p>
<p>ddngli yini&amp;n k^yl y5u dixosblo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;er earn per year? zl&amp;n^īn ahSuanl?</p>
<p>C: PtngJunahil yS tii zhld&amp;o. W8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don*t reaily knov the average fig-</p>
<p>reaahi yljia rfo, JlSli y8u d2ren &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xare. I knov one family vith seven or</p>
<p>zllohilzi qI-bSk8u» y8u sige bin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;el^it adults and children, and four</p>
<p>l6oddngl$• C6ngqiīn nl£ani£n m塞i- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and a half laborers. It used to be</p>
<p>you sh&amp;aM xllnjln •hSuHl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that every year they didn't have any</p>
<p>cash Income•</p>
<p>A; Z&amp;me hui aiiyou zlinjIn shourO. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov could it be that they dldn*t</p>
<p>net &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have any cash Income?</p>
<p>C: Yinl&amp;zx Jiil ning fen diSor li&amp;ng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In one year they could only get</p>
<p>shi, nSr hil y5u sh^nme xlinjIn a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;their little allotment of grain,</p>
<p>Hov could they get any caah!</p>
<p>A: Xiiuxz^i ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov about nov?</p>
<p>C: Qilnl&amp;n tiaen JiS fSnle &quot;bi-JiSbXl- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Laat year their allotaent vaa eight</p>
<p>kuil ql£n<sub>v</sub> hil y8u y£ge h&amp;izl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;or nine hundred dollars, and one of</p>
<p>shln(l« dizul. Hi k&amp;n zSnsiey&amp;Qg a? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;their children started college. What</p>
<p>do you think of that?</p><h4>A: Ng, a hi hXodeduS le, k!abl vei- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mm, that ia much better. But vhy</h4>
<p>sheome giibiin zheme dl ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;has the change been so great?</p>
<p>C: Zhei Jiū shi xlanzai zhengfSde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That<sup>1</sup> a becauae nov the economic pol-</p>
<p>jrngji zb^ngce hXo a! JIngJi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;icy of the government is good. Since</p>
<p>zhengc各 glibi&amp;nle, n6ngcūnde sheng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the economic policy changed, life in</p>
<p>hu5 Jiu hXo la! Xl^nzii, ndige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rural areas has been good. In that</p>
<p>gǒngabe y5u yfbin duo yldlSnrde hūr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;commune nov a little over half of the</p>
<p>zii yizih&amp;ngli y5u cGnkuSn. Nl k&amp;n, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;households have bank s&amp;rlnga • See,</p>
<p>na bfi shl hXodeduo le m&amp;? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;isn't that much better?</p>
<p>A: Nln shuo xl&amp;ng neige gongshe něi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Would you say that that coaiBune's</p>
<p>y&amp;ngde qlngxlng zii qu£ngu5 shi bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;situation is very common throu^xout</p>
<p>8hl hSn pSbi&amp;n ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the country?</p>
<p>C: HSn pSbian. • • .Nlmen zheige n6ng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, it<sup>f</sup>s very conmon. • • .Bov thact</p>
<p>yi zhuanjia diltilotuan z8ule rubie &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;your delegation of agricultural sp#*</p>
<p>du5 difang* kinle n&amp;zie du5 n6ng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cialists has been to 霸o aujr placM</p>
<p>chXng, gozigshe, nin Juede z^osie- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and seen so mazqr farss azxd cosbudm,</p>
<p>ying ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vhat are your opinions?</p>
<p>A: WSmen xlXng zheijlni£n Zhonggu5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We think that in the past few years,</p>
<p>n6ngy^de xiandaLihna shi gSode b1i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the modernization of Chln&amp;<sup>f</sup>s agricu]^</p>
<p>cud. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ture has come along very veil.</p>
<p>B: Shi ma! W8 gangc&amp;i shuode neige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You bet! That cosaoune that I Just</p>
<p>gdngshi yS m2ile bū shXo tuol&amp;JĪ le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mentioned has bought a lot of trac-</p>
<p>Tīngsbuo xl&amp;nzdi mSige didui shlvQ- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tors. I hear that each brigade nov</p>
<p>t&amp;i, tamen shuo tamen h&amp;i xiing duo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;has fifteen tractors<sub>9</sub> and they vant</p>
<p>mZi Jltii na! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to buy even more!</p>
<p>A: 成o &amp;! HSo &amp;! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Great, great!</p>
<p>C: Dui le, vSmen n6ngchXng ik m^nk5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh~^t the front gate of our farm,</p>
<p>ySu hlo du5 t知iin, Itblan yS ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;there are &amp;&nbsp;lot of pictures, including</p>
<p>ndlge g5ngshěde<sub>9</sub> vB dll nlmen luLn- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;some of that commune. I’ll take you</p>
<p>kan qu! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to see them!</p>
<p>A: Hlo! Z8u! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay! Let<sup>f</sup>s go!</p>
<p>Unit U, Reference List</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: VinlXCbb|cb&amp;£ then ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is the Great Wall of Ten Thousand Li</p>
<p>ylirka chfag suT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;really ten thousand li^ long?</p>
<p>B: Changeh8ng JīngguBle hXoJIge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Great Wall goes through many</p>
<p>ah8ng» ylgdng ySu yivaLn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;provinces and is altogether</p>
<p>erqlan H ch&amp;ng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;twelve thousand li long.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Tīngahu5. WinlI Ch&amp;ngchěng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>ve heard that the Great Wall</p>
<p>xiuguo hXoJIci le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b&amp;s been repaired a great znany</p>
<p>times.</p>
<p>B: Shi, c6ng ttlnch&amp;o dlo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, from the Qln Dynasty up until</p>
<p>xiinzii yizhl ZflLi xlu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nov， there have been repairs all</p>
<p>along.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: ^rtgmh^ngAm CbSiigchěng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It seesis to me th&amp;t the Gre&amp;t Wall &amp;t</p>
<p>hXoacīug bd shl Qlnch&amp;o &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bad&amp;lXrig v&amp;ari't built during thm</p>
<p>Jlinxhňde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qln Dynasty翁</p>
<p>B: dg<sub>t</sub> nl shuode dui, shl Ming* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mm, you’re right. It vas rebuilt 、</p>
<p>ch&amp;o ch6ngxln Ji^nzhilde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;.from scratch during the Ming Dynasty.</p>
<p>k. A: Zii llshlshang ySu zh^me du5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Throughout history BSiJīng has been</p>
<p>cl ydng BSiJīng zud sbSudu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;used as a capital so mazqr times •</p>
<p>B: Na shl yīzzvei dtxlng iMo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That's because the terrain ia good.</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: ZhdizhSng dizlng bXjlSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This kind of terrain makes it easier</p>
<p>r6ngyi ftmcb^l bSlfSog &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to guard against Invaalon from</p>
<p>l&amp;ide q!d1Ā8&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the north.</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: NZaen y6iilln Jthuill y8u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Doea your sightseeing plan Include</p>
<p>n^lsrott &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Thirteen Tombs?</p>
<p>B: VS 肩从 Jiinzhd &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I knov that all of you In architecture</p>
<p>doi Shlsanllngde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and structural engineering are very</p>
<p>ggngdlitn bin y5u xing- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interested in the underground pal-</p>
<p>qu, vSmen hdutiaa qd. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;aces &amp;t the Thirteen Tomba• We'll</p>
<p>go the day after tomorrow.</p>
<p>了.入：ChlSla gttdll Zh5nggu6 Ji^nzhū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What vould you lUce to go see in</p>
<p>yirtm ylvtl« nlmen h&amp;i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;addition to ancient Chinese</p>
<p>xilin qil kin shim ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;architectural art?</p>
<p>B: TīngahuS ySu Jlge Miot6n&amp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>ve heard that there are &amp;lso some</p>
<p>y? kal men le. VSmen xikng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;churches vhich have opened. We</p>
<p>qū kank&amp;n. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vould like to go see them.</p>
<p>8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: W8 yao dio q\i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I vant to go see the Gate of Heavenly</p>
<p>kankan. Zuo Jllň gonggong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Peace. What bus should I take? qlche hZo?</p>
<p>B: Xīngqītian qlche ke Ji le&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It's Sunday and biases &amp;re really</p>
<p>Nl zui hSo zSuzhe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;crowded. It vould be best to valk.</p>
<p>9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: W5 hSn xlnsh^n^ nlmen Jiefang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I really adnlre the Ten Great Struc-</p>
<p>ylhSu gaide Shl D&amp; Ji^nzhū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tures youWe built since liberation.</p>
<p>B: Nln tii keqi le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You<sup>1</sup>re too polite.*</p>
<p>10. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: VSmen yljlng ^lugding chile &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We<sup>f</sup>ve already decided that after w</p>
<p>f^n ylhňu qumZīdSngxl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;eat ve<sup>f</sup>re going shopping.</p>
<p>B: HXo. C6ng zher chuanguň &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, from here cross through thm</p>
<p>jiii ySu shang- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;square and there &amp;re some stores.</p>
<p>dlan le.</p>
<p>11. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: GiUong yitian kandev&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Can you see all of the Imperial Palace</p>
<p>kanbuv&amp;n? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in one day?!</p>
<p>B: Yitian nXr kijidev&amp;n! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov could you see it all In one day?</p>
<p>12. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Shii qilguo ZhongguS, shel &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Whoever goes to China vlll alvays</p>
<p>Jiil hui xiXngzhe ta. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;think of it.</p>
<p>13. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ch&amp;od&amp;l &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dynasty</p>
<p>1“. The Major Chinese Dypaaties</p>
<p>Qlng 1644-1911 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sul 581-618</p>
<p>Ming 1368-1614U &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hin 206 B.C.-A.D. 220</p>
<p>Yula 1271-1368 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qin 221 B.C.-207 B.C.</p>
<p>Jin ill5-123U &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhou c. 11th century-256 B.C.</p>
<p>Liio 916-II25 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sh&amp;ng c. l6th-llth century ^.C.</p>
<p>Song 960-1297 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Xia c. 21st-l6th century B.C. Ting 6l8-907</p>
<p>*He really is.</p>
<p>Unit k<sub>%</sub> Vocabxilary List</p>
<p>Tn<sub>g</sub> (BidilXng) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(mountain northwest of BSiJIng, site</p>
<p>of a famous section of the Great Wall)</p>
<p>-cbio &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dynasty (bound form)</p>
<p>ch£odRi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dynasty</p>
<p>ch6zigxln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;again, anew, afresh</p>
<p>chixangud &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to pass, to cross</p>
<p>dijclng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;topography, terrain</p>
<p>f&amp;ngbei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to take precautions against</p>
<p>gii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to build (buildings); to cover</p>
<p>gongdlaLn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;palace</p>
<p>gongzudzhS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vorker</p>
<p>guXzigchEng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(public) square</p>
<p>gSd&amp;L &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ancient times<sub>9</sub> antiquity</p>
<p>Qigong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Former Imperial Palace</p>
<p>Ji &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be crowded</p>
<p>Jiinzhii (*zhfl<sub>9</sub> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-zhu) to build，to construct; structure</p>
<p>Jiaot&amp;ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;churchy cathedral</p>
<p>JuecLing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to decide</p>
<p>kS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;indeed<sub>9</sub> certainly</p>
<p>-li &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;li^, a unit of length (1/2 km.)</p>
<p>Mlngch&amp;o &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(name of &amp;&nbsp;dynasty, 1368-16UU)</p>
<p>Oiizhou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Europe</p>
<p>Qiaszoen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&amp; gate in BSiJIng)</p>
<p>Qlnchfio &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(name of &amp;&nbsp;dynasty, 221-20了 B.C.)</p>
<p>qīnluě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to invade; aggreasion</p>
<p>shSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;province</p>
<p>Shlsanllng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Thirteen Tombs (Ming Tombs)</p>
<p>ahSvidǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;capit&amp;I</p>
<p>Tian<sup>f</sup> mrmin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Gate of Heavenly Peace</p>
<p>Tian Tin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Temple of Heaven</p>
<p>WanlI Ch&amp;ngcheng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Gre&amp;t Wall of Ten Thousand Li</p>
<p>xlnflhXng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to appreciate/enjoy/admire</p>
<p>xiū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to build, to construct (roads, reservoirs, etc.); to repair; to trim, prune</p>
<p>Ylhěyufin (Yi-) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Suzmner Palace (in BSiJīng)</p>
<p>yishu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;art</p>
<p>y6ulXn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to sightsee* to tour, to visit</p>
<p>Unit U. Reference Notes</p>
<p>1, a： W^&quot;TT ^h&lt;ngch^ng zhen ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is the Great Wall of Ten Thousand LI</p>
<p>ylvin li ching ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;really ten thousand li long?</p>
<p>B： Chingcheng Jlngguole hiojlge The Great Wall goes through many sheng&gt; ylgSng ySu ylvan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;provinces and is altogether</p>
<p>ěrqian II ching. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;twelve thousand 11_ long.</p>
<p>Notes on No* 1</p>
<p>li: A Chinese unit of length, equal to one-half kilometer, is often used to measure the noun lu (&quot;road,” but here meaning simply &quot;walking or riding distance”：</p>
<p>C6ng nl Jia dao xuexlao y6\i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov znany 11 is it froa your house</p>
<p>Jill lū? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to the school?</p>
<p>The unit of distance li is often used in rural areas<sub>y</sub> but rarely in the city.</p>
<p>W&amp;nll Ch&amp;ngchfag: You learned Ch&amp;ngchěng^ &quot;the Great Wall,” in the Meeting module. The descriptive term V&amp;nll Ch&amp;ngchSng comes from the fact th&amp;t the v&amp;ll Is over twelve thousand li In total length (approximately 6,700 kilometers).</p>
<p>ygu ylvan li ching: ”is ten thousand 11 long” Use the verb ySu (not shl) in sentences telling or asking length, height * &amp;re&amp;» time, age* etc. In such sentences* y8u has the special meaning <sup>n</sup>to attain<sub>y</sub> to come up to (a certain level).<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>C6ng zher dao j &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;Hov far Is it from here to the</p>
<p>huSchezh^n ! y^u du6 yu&amp;n? train station7<sup>n</sup> ChtbuduS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;! jrSu yill 1{1. ”rt*s about one li•”</p>
<p>Nlde htlzi j y8u du6 di?_ &quot;Hov old is your child?”</p>
<p>Ta_j ySu sSpgul du5, &quot;He Is over three yeara old•”</p>
<p>lfl_i ySu du6 gao? &quot;Hov tall are you7<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>W8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;： ySu yiml &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;rm one meter eighty (cm).”</p>
<p>Shinghilde ! zhl liXngge yuě. &quot;Winter in Sh^nghSi is only d5ngtiSn j ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;two months (long).<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>The negative of such sentences uses m系iySu:</p>
<p>A: Dao hu5chezhan zhen y5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is it really five li to the train</p>
<p>vūll lii ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;station?</p>
<p>B: MeiySu wttll, hen Jin. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No, it isn’t. It*s very close.</p>
<p>Ta melySu vflshlsul, ta c&amp;l &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He isn't (as old as) fifty years old；</p>
<p>slshijl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;he<sup>f</sup>s only forty-something.</p>
<p>■Ilngguňle hloJlge sh8ng: &quot;goes through many provliic«B<sup>w</sup> This sentence illuBtratea vrnll that eottpletion -le is completely different from English p&amp;st tense. Erm vlth conpletlon -le, the verb still means <sup>n</sup>goes through,” not &quot;vent ttaroQCb*&quot; Thā completion of an event in the past can result in a present 丨(for exaapl#<sub>f</sub> the Great Wall vas built In the past and i丨 still standing), and so -le must sometimes be translated into English vlth the present tense. Other exaoples:</p>
<p>W3 xlflLnzai dSngle ta veishenme Row I understand vhy he dldn，t marry mei gen ta jKhūn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;her.</p>
<p>VS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ylnjingt nl dou ^ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You don’t recognize me vlth</p>
<p>rěnahi w8 le,丨hi ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;glasses on, eh?(工 an wearing</p>
<p>glasses•)</p>
<p>Zhiib&amp; shu Jl^ahiLole M?igu6de This ^ook introduces the American zhěngzhi qingkuiLng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;political situation.</p>
<p>ah8ngr &quot;province” Sh?ng takes the counter -ge • or is sometines used without &amp;&nbsp;counter.</p>
<p>Zh5nggu6 ylging y8u ershierge China has tventy-tvo provinces sh2&amp;g• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;altogether•</p>
<p>2. A: TIng8htxo WinlI Ch&amp;ngcheng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>ve heard that the Great Wall</p>
<p>xliigiao hEoJId le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;has been repaired &amp;&nbsp;great many</p>
<p>times •</p>
<p>B: Shl» c6ng ftfnchio dao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, from the QJn Dynasty up until</p>
<p>zliLnz&amp;l y«M z&amp;i xiu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nov, there have been repairs all</p>
<p>along.</p>
<p>Notea on No, 2</p>
<p>xlur <sup>n</sup>to repair&quot; roads, structures, cars, r&amp;dios, shoes, etc. Also,</p>
<p>”to trlm^ hair, flngernalls<sub>9</sub> or <sup>n</sup>to prune<sup>n</sup> trees, shrubbery, etc. Also, <sup>n</sup>to iDxilld, to construct<sup>1</sup>* reatrrolrsy railroads<sub>f</sub> roads, irrigation ditches* etc.</p>
<p>xluguo hlo iīci 1癱:<sup>n</sup>has teen repaired &amp;&nbsp;great many times” The -le at the end of th« teatMCt adds on the meaning <sup>n</sup>so far.<sup>n</sup> Here are other&quot; examples of thm patttrn • • •輸guo • • • -le:</p>
<p>Zheige dlix&amp;yfng t&amp; kinguo ll&amp;ng- He has seen this movie tvice, and cl le, h&amp;i b乜 zhldio zirme hul he still doesn't know vhat it<sup>f</sup>s shl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all about.</p>
<p>Ta kXoguo lllogci le, dou bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He has taken the exam tvice, but</p>
<p>xlng* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;didn<sup>f</sup>t make it either time.</p>
<p>£lnch£o: &quot;the Qln Dynasty” （221-20了 B.C.)</p>
<p>yizhl sil 3dǔ: Literally, &quot;all-along in-process-of repair,” i.e., <sup>n</sup>it haa bem b«lnc repaired all along.&quot;</p>
<p>3, a： &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chingch^ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It seems to me that Cthe section of]</p>
<p>一hZoriang &quot;bfi shi Qlnch£o &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Great Wall at Bad&amp;llng vasn<sup>f</sup>t</p>
<p>j_iinzhūdc. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;built during the Qln Dynasty.</p>
<p>B: Ňg, nl shuode dui, shl Ming- Mm, you<sup>1</sup> re right. It vas rebuilt</p>
<p>ch&amp;o ch6ng3dn Jianzh\ide. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;from scratch during the Ming Dynasty.</p>
<p>Notes on Wo, 3</p>
<p>BSdĀlīfng: A mountain seventy-five kilometers northwest of Beijing, over vhich passes &amp;&nbsp;section of the Great Wall dating from the Ming Dynasty (1368-16UU). This is the usual spot to vhich tourists are taken to see the Gre&amp;t Vail. (Some people pronounce this vlth different tones: Bidiltng.)</p>
<p>h&amp;oxlang: ”to seem，” but here meaning <sup>n</sup>lt seems to me,<sup>n</sup> aa In</p>
<p>W8 hXoxling zii nXr Jianguo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It seems to me I<sup>f</sup>ve 丨een this man</p>
<p>zbdige r6n. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;somevhere before.</p>
<p>Nl hXoxl&amp;ng g^osuguo vS zhěi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It seems to me you<sup>f</sup>ve told mm</p>
<p>JiStn shi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;this before.</p>
<p>.1liln2hii: As a vert, &quot;to &quot;build, to construct”：</p>
<p>Zheige diLl6u shl nSinl&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When was this building constructed?</p>
<p>Jlanshxide?</p>
<p>As a noun<sub>9</sub> <sup>n</sup>a structure&quot; or &quot;architecture&quot;:</p>
<p>Zhei shi Qlnch&amp;ode Jianzhū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This is a structure from the Qln</p>
<p>Dynasty.</p>
<p>Ta shi xu£ Ji^nzhiide. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He studied architecture.</p>
<p>rh^n^prTn: &quot;again« afresh <sub>9</sub> anev”</p>
<p>ZhdlzlS p£nzlvXn xlde b\l ginjing. These dishes vere not v&amp;shed clean; qXn% nl eh6ng3dn xl ylcl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ple&amp;se vash them again.</p>
<p>ChSnaīū i霉 often folloved by &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;”again&quot;:</p>
<p>ZuSde bil hSode hua« ch6ngxln z&amp;l If (ve) don<sup>f</sup>t do it veil, ve<sup>f</sup>ll do £u3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it all over again.</p>
<p>k<sub>^</sub> a： Zai llshlshang ySu zheme duo Throughout history Beijing has been ci yong B?iJIng zuo shSudu. used as &amp;&nbsp;capital so many times•</p>
<p>B: Na shi ylnvei djxlng h&amp;o. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That’s because the terrain is good.</p>
<p>Notes on No, U</p>
<p>zai llsh!Csh&amp;ng: <sup>,f</sup>in history, dovn through history<sup>11</sup> Chinese often uses -shang, &quot;on,&quot; where English would use ”in,” especially for the meaning ”in such-and-such a field or area”： zai jīngjishang, &quot;in economy, economically”； zai xuěxfshang, &quot;in (one<sup>?</sup>s) studies<sup>?t</sup>; zai shēngchSnshang, ”in production”； and, of course, &quot;baozh^shang, <sup>n</sup>in the newspaper/, etc.</p>
<p>yong, • ,2UO&gt; • •: <sup>M</sup>to use&quot;.as&quot;.<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>Ta yong tamen Jiade ketīng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He uses their living room as</p>
<p>zuo bangongshi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;an office.</p>
<p>5. A: ZheizhSng dlxlng bljiSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This kind of terrain makes it easier</p>
<p>rSngjri fingběi beifang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to guard against invasion from</p>
<p>lāide qlnlūe&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the north.</p>
<p>Notes on Ho&gt; 5</p>
<p>qīnlue: As a verb, &quot;to invade<sup>tf</sup>:</p>
<p>Sūliin veishetmie qlnlūě Afuhan? Why did the Soviet Union invade</p>
<p>Afghanistan?</p>
<p>As a noun, <sup>n</sup>invaaion<sup>M</sup> or <sup>,?</sup>aggression<sup>ff</sup>:</p>
<p>WSmen &quot;bixu fangbei Suliande &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We must guard against Soviet</p>
<p>qlnlūě. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;aggression.</p>
<p>&quot;beifang lSide: ”coming from the north” The word c6ng, &quot;from,” is often omitted from phrases such as the follovlng:</p>
<p>A: Neige xuezlflbde Zhongguo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are the Chinese students in that</p>
<p>xuěsheng d5u shl Tiivan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;school all from Taivan?</p>
<p>lilde maT</p>
<p>B: Btl shi<sub>y</sub> y? ySu d&amp;ld l£ide. No, there are also some from the</p>
<p>mainland•</p>
<p>C6ng Shangh&amp;l q立 Xitel zhūde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There are many people vho have gone</p>
<p>ren hen duo, B?iJIng qūde y8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to- live in the Northwest from</p>
<p>ySu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shanghai <sub>9</sub> and there are also some</p>
<p>vho have gone there from BSiJIng.</p>
<p>Ren shi h6uzi biande. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Man came (&quot;changed&quot;) from the monkey.</p>
<p>6. A: Nlmen y6ul&amp;n Jihualī ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Does your sightseeing plan include</p>
<p>meiyou Sh£s£mlng? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Thirteen Tombs?</p>
<p>B: W8 zhl dao nlmen Jianzhū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I knov that all of you in architecture</p>
<p>g5ngzu5zhg dul Shlsanllngde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and structural engineering are very</p>
<p>dixia gSngdlān hen y5u xing- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;interested in the underground pal-</p>
<p>qu，vSmen houtiān qu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;aces at- the Thirteen Tombs. We’ll</p>
<p>go the day after tomorrow.</p>
<p>Notes on No. 6</p>
<p>youl&amp;n: &quot;to sightsee，” ’’to tour”</p>
<p>Dao BSiJIngde vaiguo ren dou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Foreigners vho go to Beijing all vant</p>
<p>xi&amp;ng qu Shlsanllng youlSn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to go to the Thirteen Tombs to sightsee-</p>
<p>Dao Ch&amp;ngcheng qūde youlinche &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There are four tour buses to the</p>
<p>měitiǎn sibin. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Great Wall every day.</p>
<p>Shlsanllng: &quot;the Thirteen Tombs,<sup>11</sup> also called <sup>n</sup>the Ming Tombs,&quot; because they date from the Ming Dynasty, These are located outside of B?iJIng.</p>
<p>gSngzuozhe: &quot;vorker” in a particular field, e.g., Jl&amp;oyu gSngzuozhS^ <sup>ff</sup>educational vorker，” xlnvěn g5ngzuozhe% &quot;Journalist,&quot; yǔy&amp;n gongzu5zh8&gt;</p>
<p>’’language worker.<sup>w</sup> Such terms are PRC usage, sometimes created to replace titles with elitist connotations.</p>
<p>Do not confuse this vlth the general term for 'VorkergSngren• vhich vill be introduced in Unit 6.</p>
<p>了. A: Chille gud&amp;i Zhonggu6 Jianzhū What would you like to go see in yishu ylvai, nlmen h£l &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;addition to ancient Chinese</p>
<p>xlSng qxl kan shenae? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;architectural art?</p>
<p>B: Tlngshuo ySu Jlge jiaotang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>ve heard that there are some</p>
<p>you kai men le, vSmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;churches vhich have reopened. We</p>
<p>xlSng qū kankan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vould like to go see them.</p>
<p>Notes on No* 7</p>
<p>gudkl: &quot;ancient,<sup>n</sup> the opposite of xlandai, Gu-, ”ancient,” is used znainly in contpound words: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;—</p>
<p>Beijing shi ylge guchěng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Beijing is an ancient city.</p>
<p>Guren y5u ylJii huā, ”JiSozhS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The ancients had a saying, <sup>M</sup>Pride</p>
<p>bai.<sup>n</sup> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;goeth before the fall•”</p>
<p>Zai gǔshlbdu zheige guoj iade &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This country<sup>f</sup>s culture vas already</p>
<p>věnhui yījīng hen fada le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;veil developed in ancient times.</p>
<p>GilcLai is also used as a noun meaning <sup>n</sup>ancient times, antiquity/'</p>
<p>yishu: &quot;art,&quot; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;either &quot;the arts&quot; or &quot;skill” Yi9hu.Ha is an</p>
<p><sup>n</sup>axtist.<sup>w</sup></p>
<p>W8 tlngshuS nl z&amp;i zher xue &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I understand you study art here; do</p>
<p>yishu, nl shl xue xl&amp;nddi yl- you study modern art or ancient shu hiishl gfidii yishu? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;art?</p>
<p>Jiao sbū shi yizhSng yishu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Teaching is an art.</p>
<p>,1lax&gt;tāng: &quot;clnarcb，” literally, ”religion-hall”</p>
<p>8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: W5 yao dao TiSn^āniněn qū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I vant to go see the Gate of Heavenly</p>
<p>kazikan. Zuo Jllxl gonggdng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Peace. What bus should I take? qiche hio?</p>
<p>B: Xīngqītian qiche ke le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>f</sup>s Sunday and buses are really</p>
<p>Nl zui hlo zSuzhe qū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;crowded. It vould 'be 'beat to v&amp;lk.</p>
<p>Notes on No. 8</p>
<p>kg： Notice that k?, &quot;indeed, certainly, reallyis often accompanied by 1^ at the end of the sentence:</p>
<p>W8 zi^nz&amp;l zal k&amp;n ta zui xīnde I'm reading his latest book nov. shū, kS y8u yisi le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It^s really interesting.</p>
<p>9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: W8 hin xlp sh&amp;ng nlmen Ji2fing I really admire the Ten Great St rue-</p>
<p>yXhSu gaide Shl Di Jiinzbii. tures youWe &quot;built since liberation,</p>
<p>B: Nln tii keqi le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You*re too polite•</p>
<p>Notes on No. 9</p>
<p>gai; <sup>n</sup>to &quot;build,<sup>n</sup> only used for buildings. (Another common use of this vord is as the vert <sup>n</sup>to cover, vhich vas the original meaning.)</p>
<p>Zheige f&amp;ngzi gaile duoshSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov old is this house/building? (lit.,</p>
<p>ni&amp;n le? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>n</sup>Hov many years has it been since</p>
<p>this house was &quot;built?<sup>n</sup>)</p>
<p>Shl D在 Jlitnghxi； The &quot;Ten Great Structures&quot; in BSiJīng were designed and built in the 1950s by the Chinese themselves. The authorities vanted to modernize the layout of the capital and at the same time to commemorate the revolutionary victory and its heroes. The architectural styles include Western as veil as traditional Chinese. The buildings are as follows: B?i-Jlng Railroad Station, Museum of Art, Museum of History, Great Hall of the People, Revolutionary Military Museum, Telegraph Building, Nationalities Cultural Palace, Agricultural Exhibition Hall, Workers Stadium, and the Monument to the People<sup>1</sup>s Heroes.</p>
<p>10. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: WSmen yījīng ,1uědlng chile We<sup>f</sup>ve already decided that after ve</p>
<p>tin ylhňu qū mXi dSngxl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;eat ve’re going shopping.</p>
<p>B: EXo. C6ng zher chuangiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, from here cross through the</p>
<p>jii ySu shang- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;square and there are some stores •</p>
<p>dlan le.</p>
<p>Notes on No, 10</p>
<p>.luěding; <sup>w</sup>to decide&quot; a course of action, or a ’’decision&quot;</p>
<p>Tamen jueding yao &quot;ban dao Niǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They decided to move to New York,</p>
<p>Yue qū zhū le.</p>
<p>WS Juedlrig mlngtian zai zuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>1</sup> ve decided not to do this zheiJian shi. until tomorrov.</p>
<p>W8 Jueding qil le, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>ve decided to go. (Note that -le</p>
<p>is not attached to Juědlng here even though ”decideā&quot;ls a costpleted action. The verb vhlch follows Jueding prevents this.)</p>
<p>W8 yio he Hu&amp;shengdun fangmian I have to discuss this vlth Washington shangliang ylxlS cai neng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;before I can make a decision,</p>
<p>zud Jueding.</p>
<p>chuanguS; <sup>n</sup>to cross through<sup>11</sup></p>
<p>C6ng zher chuanguoqu Jiu dio &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We Just cross through here and</p>
<p>le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;then ve<sup>f</sup>re there.</p>
<p>gn&amp;ngch&amp;ng: &quot;square” in a city (the literal meaning is ”vlde-field”）</p>
<p>11. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Giigong yitian kandevan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Can you see all of the Imperial Palace</p>
<p>kanbxzvin? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in one day?</p>
<p>B: Yitian nXr lumdevin! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov could you see it all in one day?!</p>
<p>Notes on No. 11</p>
<p>G&amp;gong： The fall name is Gilgong B6vňyuiLn, ”the Former Imperial Palace Museum* This vas the palace of the ruling families of the Ming and Qlng dynasties. It is located in the center of Beijing. In conversation it is usually referred to simply as the Gilgong (literally, <sup>w</sup>Fonner-palace<sup>w</sup>).</p>
<p>kilndev&amp;n kanbuvdn?: &quot;can (one) finish seeing (it)?” This is the costpoimd vert of result kanv&amp;n• <sup>w</sup>finish seeing,<sup>w</sup> vlth the syllables -de- and -bu- inserted betveen the action and the result. Kotice that in the question form, the affirmative choice is given first and the negative choice second, Just as in simple questions like qu bu qū (which means qū hSlshi bū aň)• In some varieties of Stanaar-I Chinese, the question form of verbs like kSndev&amp;n</p>
<p>follovs the pattern Action bu Action-de^Result: Kan bu kaiidgv£n? This pattern is increasingly common.</p>
<p>GugSny yitl^ kandevfai kan'buvCn?: Note the placement of the time expression yjtl&amp;n^ ^one day•” BEFORE^the verb. Expressions telling that something is done WITHIN a certain period of time (usually translated as &quot;in” a certain period) come BEFORE the verb.* Other examples:</p>
<p>Nl yitian neng hullai ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Can you get &quot;back in one day?</p>
<p>Měi věntl, bantian Jiu hullai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No problem. I<sup>1</sup>11 &quot;be back in half le. a day.</p>
<p>ythutr yao chūqu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>U &quot;be going out in a vhile.</p>
<p>Ta ylge zh5ngt6u Jiu xuěhid le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He learned it in Just an hour.</p>
<p>liSngge yuě qil ylci. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I go once in tvo months.</p>
<p>n&amp;r: The vord for &quot;vhere” is used here to make a rhetorical question (one to vhich no ansver is expected) implying the negative of vhat it says. Other examples:</p>
<p>NSr y?5u name r6ngyi! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Since vhen is it that easy! (It</p>
<p>isn't at all so easy.)</p>
<p>W5 nSr zixlāio ta yījīng Jiěhun Hov vas I to knov that she vas le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;already married! (i.e.<sub>9</sub> I had no</p>
<p>vay of knoving)</p>
<p>12. A: Shei qjiguo Zhonggu5, shei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Whoever goes to China vill alvays</p>
<p>Jiil hui xlXngzbe ta. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;think of it.</p>
<p>Notes on No. 12</p>
<p>sh^i.&gt; &gt;8hěl .H这•••: &quot;vhoever•••&quot; You can use an interrogative pronoun— shěi, shenjoe, neige, z&amp;me, nňli, shenme shlhou&gt; duSshSo, etc•—in a dependent clause and then repeat it in the main clause to get me^lngs like ”vhoever 广 &quot;vhatever,&quot; &quot;however*<sup>n</sup> &quot;wherever/ &quot;whenever/ &quot;hovever much,” etc. The adverb Jiil* ”then,” Is often used in the main clause.</p>
<p>Nl xiayio shCme, v8 Jii gei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>ll give you whatever you need, nl sh^zme*</p>
<p>N£li dul nl zui fangbian vSmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We<sup>f</sup>ll meet wherever is most convenient</p>
<p>Jiil z«Ll n&amp;li JliLn ml^n. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for you.</p>
<p>Shěi xlSng q{l<sub>9</sub> shei Jiu qū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Whoever vants to go, goes.</p>
<p>*Remember： Time expressions referring to POINTS in time, including ones like &quot;in (&quot;by the end of) two days,” go BEFORE; those describing the CONTINUATION of time go AF'iER* (Review the note on placement of time phrases in the Meeting module, Unit 1, Notes on No. 6,)</p>
<p>Here are some examples in vhich .1iu is not used:</p>
<p>NT &amp;1 z?nmeyang zenmeyajig. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do whatever you like •</p>
<p>Nl shenme shfhou fangbian, shenme Come whenever it<sup>!</sup>s convenient for you. shlbou lai.</p>
<p>Zai Taiwan, xiangjiāo zSngshi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They alvays have bananas in Taiwan;</p>
<p>ySu; yao duSshao, ySu duSshSo. there are as many as one could</p>
<p>want (i.e., there are plenty).</p>
<p>xiSngzhe: <sup>,f</sup>be thinking of, have on one<sup>1</sup> s &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-Zhe on the end of an</p>
<p>action vert like xlSng shows the prolonging of the action over a period of time. Compare these examples:</p>
<p>Bie zbanzhe, zudxia *b&amp;! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don<sup>f</sup>t stay standing; sit dovn!</p>
<p>Ni tlngzhe! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Listen!</p>
<p>Nl mknmkn chi, vS děngshe nl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Take your time eating; 1*11 vait</p>
<p>for you.</p>
<p>WS zfili zhěr kǎnzhe ta, nl qū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1*11 stay here and watch him; you</p>
<p>Jiao li&amp;ng Jiuhuche. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;go call an ajnbulance.</p>
<p>ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY</p>
<p>13. chSodii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dynasty</p>
<p>Note on No* 13</p>
<p>chāodili: The bound form -chio must te preceded ty a name (as in ftlnchao, ”the Qln Dynasty^)• Chāod&amp;i can be used alone, as in Zheige gSngdlSn shi zai něigfe chiodEi Jianzhude?^ <sup>&lt;f</sup>In vbich dynasty vas this palace constructed?<sup>11</sup></p>
<p>Unit Revlev Dialogue</p>
<p>An American architect $ John Bemacki, is attending a Joint Sino-American conference on architecture in B?ijīng. During the conference, he has made the acquaintance of a certain Liil Yuěwěn of the Chinese Institute of Architecture. They had the chance to talk a bit when Liu accompanied a delegation of Americ&amp;n architects around the city to visit several ancient buildings.</p>
<p>One evening toward the end of the conference, Bernacki is having coffee in the dining room of the Beijing Hotel. On his table he has spread out a tourist map of Beijing and a relief map of China, and is studying them intently. Just then, Liu Yuěwěn comes over to his table carrying a cup of coffee.</p>
<p>L: Jīntian cānguānle Gugong hai bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Aren't you tired enough after vis-</p>
<p>gou lei ma? Hai zai zher kan ditu iting the Palace Museum today? Still ne! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;here., reading maps!</p>
<p>B: A! Shi nl ya? L&amp;i lāi lii, zai Ah, it<sup>f</sup>s you? Come on and sit dovn zher zud ylhulr. Nl he sherune? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;here for a vhile. What are you drink-</p>
<p>Kafei? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ing? Coffee?</p>
<p>L: 食g, shi kafei. W5 zai Děguode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, coffee. I got in the habit of</p>
<p>shlhou hecheng xlguan le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;drinking it vhen 工 vas in Germany.</p>
<p>B: Dul le. WS zěnme hui wangle nl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh yes; how could I forget that you</p>
<p>shi zai Deguo xuěde JiaLnzhu. Hul &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;studied architecture in Germany,</p>
<p>guo zheme duo ni&amp;n, meiyou zai qu- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;After so many years back in China,</p>
<p>guo 5uzh5u? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;haven<sup>1</sup>1 you gone back to Europe at</p>
<p>all?</p>
<p>L: You qūgno yici.<sub>9</sub> nei shi qīJiu- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>ve been back once. That vas in</p>
<p>niSn， zheicl bl shazigci duo zSule &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>f</sup>79. That time I vent to a fev more</p>
<p>Jlge dlfang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;places than the previous time.</p>
<p>B: Shei q{Hguo Ouzhou, shei Jiǚ. hui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Whoever goes to Europe will alvays</p>
<p>xiSngzhe ta. Jiň. xiajag ZhSngguo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;think of it. It’s Just like China,</p>
<p>ylyang, l&amp;lguo Zhonggu6de ren, bǚ. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;no matter vhen it is that a person</p>
<p>guSn sheome shlhou<sub>9</sub> z5ng hai hui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;comes here, they<sup>1</sup>11 alvays think of</p>
<p>xiSngzhe t&amp;• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it.</p>
<p>L: Shi a! • • .Gangctl v8 l&amp;ide shl- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, indeed!.. .Just now vhen I</p>
<p>hour, nl hXoxlitog z&amp;i y fin Jiu shěn- came, you seemed to be studying some* me? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;thing, is that so?</p>
<p>B: Mei shenme, v8 zai xlSng, Beijing- Nothing much. I vas thinking that de dixlng he na Beijīng 2uo shSudu the topography of Běijīug has some-y5u diSnr guanxi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;thing to do vith using it as the</p>
<p>capital.</p>
<p>L: Nī shuSde dui, Beijing zai Hua- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That<sup>f</sup>s right. Beijing is in the</p>
<p>bei Plng/u&amp;nde 2^ beibian, xTbei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;northernmost part of the North China</p>
<p>kao shin, d5ng<sub>f</sub> n&amp;a shi plngyuan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Plain. On the northwest it is bordered by mountains; to the east and south there are flatlands.</p>
<p>B: ZheizhSng dīxlng rang ren ganjuě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This kind of topography made people</p>
<p>bljiao r6ngyi t&amp;ngbei &quot;beifang laide &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;feel as if it were easier to guard</p>
<p>qīnluě. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;against invasions from the north.</p>
<p>L: Těbiě shi y8nle Changchěng yJhou, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Especially after the Great Wall vas</p>
<p>geng rongyi fangtei. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;built, it vas even easier to guard</p>
<p>against CinvasionsD.</p>
<p>B: Tīngshu5 Chfingchěng xiūguo bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;工 understand the Great Wall has been</p>
<p>zhīdao duSshSo ci le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;repaired 工-don^t-know how many times.</p>
<p>L: Cong Qlnchao dao xianzal, Chang- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;From the Qln dynasty down to the</p>
<p>cheng yizhi ziLi xiu，women dei Jlde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;present the Great Wall has been under</p>
<p>bu guSn shenme shlhour vSmen d5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;repair all along. We must remember</p>
<p>del xlSoxīn Beifang laide qlnlūe! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that no matter vhen, ve must alvays</p>
<p>&quot;bevare of invasion from the north!</p>
<p>B: Nl zhen y5u yisi. Dui le, vS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You<sup>1</sup> re such a card. Oh yes一it Beams</p>
<p>xlSng vSmen qiintlan qū kanguode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to me that the section of the Great</p>
<p>neidu&amp;n Ch&amp;ngch^ng haoxiang bū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wall we went to see the day before</p>
<p>shi Qlnch&amp;o Jianzhude? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yesterday wasn*t built during the Qln</p>
<p>dynasty, vas it?</p>
<p>L: Ěng, shi Mlngchio ch6ngxln Jian- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mm, it vas rebuilt in the Ming Dyn-</p>
<p>zhude. Qlnch&amp;ode Chingchěng zal &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;asty. The Qln Dynasty Great Wall is</p>
<p>Badillng bSibian li&amp;zigbSiduo llde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;over tvo hundred li^ north of Bǎdlllng.</p>
<p>difang* Su6yl l&amp;i ZhSnggud can- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;So the Great Wall that foreign friends</p>
<p>guande vaiguo pěngyou plngch&amp;ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vho come to sightsee in China usually</p>
<p>kandaode Changchěng bd shi zui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;see isn't the oldest section, lSode ylduaji.</p>
<p>B: ^WanlI Chingchěng” zhen y5u ylvan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is the &quot;Great Wall of Ten Thousand</p>
<p>H chang ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Li” really ten thousand li^ long?</p>
<p>L: YSu, Ch&amp;igcheng Jīnggudle qīge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. The Great Wall passes through</p>
<p>shSng» ylgdng y8u yivnn erqlan lī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;seven provinces and altogether is</p>
<p>ch&amp;og* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12,000 11^ long*</p>
<p>B: Chdle Ch&amp;zigch^ng ylvai, vSmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Besides the Great Wall, ve building</p>
<p>Jīge Jianzhu gongzudzhe dui Shlsan- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;workers* are also very interested in</p>
<p>llngde āixii gongdlǎn yě hen ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the underground palaces of the Thir-</p>
<p>xingqu. ■ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;teen Tombs«</p>
<p>L: Tāndao Zh5ziggu6 gǔdai Jianzhu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaking of ancient Chinese archi-</p>
<p>yishu, nl qūguo Tiantan ma? Nlmen- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tectural art, have you been to the</p>
<p>de y6nlSn Jihuili you r.ěiyou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Temple of Heaven? Is that on your</p>
<p>Tiantin? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;touring schedule?</p>
<p>B: dul le, Tiantan! WS.xiiag- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, yes--the Temple of Heaven. That</p>
<p>qilai le, tlngshuo Tiantan gaide &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;reminds me. I<sup>f</sup>ve heard that the Temple</p>
<p>hen tetic. K?flhl, bil zhīdao vei- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of Heaven is very special. But for</p>
<p>shenme* v8ne&amp;dft y8xil8n jihuali &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;some reason I don<sup>1</sup>1 knov, it doesn't</p>
<p>hSoxiang měly8u, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;seem to &quot;be on our tour schedule.</p>
<p>L: Bū yaojlnde. WSmen he ZhSngguo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That doesn’t matter. We’ll talk</p>
<p>Luxlngshě tanyitan, rti^uS tamen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;about it vith the China Travel Ser-</p>
<p>měiyou shlJian ǎnpaide hua, vomen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vice, and if they don’t have time to</p>
<p>kěyi zeLi Xīngqītian zijl qū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;set it up, ve can go by ourselves on</p>
<p>Sunday.</p>
<p>B: Xīngqītian zljl qū! Hao jihua! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Go ourselves on Sunday! That’s a</p>
<p>Nlde xiansheng, hiizi, dou kěyi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;great plan! Can your husband and</p>
<p>lai ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;children all come too?</p>
<p>L: DogiLi keyi. W5 airen he vode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Probably. My spouse and my oldest</p>
<p>da ěrzi d5u shl gao Jiinzhude, ta- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;son are both in building. They can</p>
<p>men keyi gSi ni hXohaor Jieshao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;do a proper Job of shoving you the</p>
<p>yixia Tiǎntinde Jianzhu tědi&amp;n. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;special architectural characteristics</p>
<p>of the Temple of Heaven.</p>
<p>B: WSmen zexuae q\i ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov sball ve go there?</p>
<p>L: NĪ xlSng bu xlSng zSuyizJSu lu a? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you vant to valk a little?</p>
<p>B: Kěyi a! Zkl shuo, vo xi&amp;ng Xing- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That vould be okay. Besides, I</p>
<p>qitiande gonggong qiche dagai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;suppose the buses are pretty crowded</p>
<p>xiangdang Ji. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;on Sundays.</p>
<p>L: Ňg. WSmen c6ng Beijīng Fandian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mm. From the Bel Jīng Hotel ve valk</p>
<p>z5u āko Tiǎn<sup>f</sup>azimen, ranhou chuan- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to the Gate of Heavenly Peace, then</p>
<p>guo guSogchSng, &quot;bū yuSn Jiu shl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ve cross the square, and not far from</p>
<p>Tiant£n le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;there Is the Temple of Heaven.</p>
<p>B: H&amp;o, Jiii zheme Juěding le. Bd- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay. Then that<sup>1</sup> s the decision.</p>
<p>gu5, bū zhīdao Tlǎnt&amp;n ySu du6 di? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Only, I vonder hov large the Temple of</p>
<p>Bajitiǎn k^ndev&amp;n ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Heaven is? Could ve see it in half a</p>
<p>day?</p>
<p>L: Tiant&amp;n bl Ylhěyuin xlSode du5, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Temple of Heaven is much smaller</p>
<p>zhǔyluDde Jiinzhu Jiň ySu liangbū- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;than the Summer Palace, The main</p>
<p>fen* Binti&amp;n āKgki kěyi kinvan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;structures include only tvo parts.</p>
<p>Zěmae, Xlngqlti&amp;n nl h&amp;i you biede &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You can protably finish seeing it in</p>
<p>shi ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;half a day. Why? Do you have other</p>
<p>things to do on Sunday?</p>
<p>B: Xlngqīti&amp;n xiavu ySu ren qīng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sunday afternoon ve<sup>f</sup>ve been invited</p>
<p>vomen chi fan. Bū hSo yisi bu qū, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to dinner. It vould be embarrassing</p>
<p>kěshi xīnshSng Ji&amp;nzhu yishu, na ke &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if ve didn^ go, but admiring archi-</p>
<p>shi yaojlnde shir, bantiǎr. ^agai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tectural art is certainly an important</p>
<p>bu gdu! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;thing, and half a day probably von^</p>
<p>&quot;be enough!</p>
<p>TVX, Unit h</p><img src="0261-FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook_files/0261-FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook-5.png" style="width:372pt;height:62pt;"/>
<p>The Great Wall of China</p>
<p>A; BU yaojlnde, zheige Xīngqītian vSmen zXo dlSnr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ZSo qu zSo</p>
<p>hul<sub>9</sub> Jiū kan bantlan. RjiguS nī hii xlSng qū, vSmen zai xiǎng bfin-fS yue 8hljlān.</p>
<p>B: Hao, Jiu zhěiyang le. W5 Jide zai Ōuzhou canguan yige Jifiotang hěi dei yong &quot;bu sh&amp;o shl Jian ne!</p>
<p>L: Hao le, Jiu zhěiyangr. Xīngqītian zaoshang bSdiSn, zai louxia da měnkSur Jian, rllguS ySu shenme galbian, v5 zai da dianhua gei nī,</p>
<p>B: HSode, Jiu zhěiyang!</p>
<p>That<sup>1</sup>s okay, this Sunday ve<sup>1</sup>11 go a little earlier. We<sup>f</sup>11 leave early and come back early, and Just spend half a day there. If you still want to go ve'll try to arrange a time.</p>
<p>Okay, that sounds good. I remember it takes quite a long time to tour a cathedral in Europe!</p>
<p>All right, that<sup>1</sup>s our plan. We<sup>f</sup> 11 meet at the entrance dovnstairs, Sunday morning at eight. If there<sup>1</sup>s any change I<sup>f</sup>ll give you a call.</p>
<p>Okay, that<sup>1</sup>s fine!</p><img src="0261-FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook_files/0261-FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook-6.png" style="width:538pt;height:330pt;"/>
<p>109</p>
<p>Unit “， Tape 2 Workbook</p>
<p>Exercise 1</p>
<p>This exercise is a review of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker will say a sentence in English, followed by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker will confirm your ansver.</p>
<p>All sentences from the Reference List vill occur only once. You may want to revlnd the tape and practice this exercise several times.</p>
<p>Exercise 2</p>
<p>In this exercise, an American scholar visiting China talks with an old Chinese friend at the Beijīng Hotel.</p>
<p>The conversation occurs only once. After listening to it completely, you<sup>1</sup>11 probably vant to revlnd the tape and ansver the questions belov as you listen a second time.</p>
<p>Here are the nev vords and phrases you vill need to understand this conversation:</p>
<p>pSolai pSoqil &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to run back and forth</p>
<p>yishl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for the moment</p>
<p>Gel&lt;inblya D&amp;xue &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Columbia University</p>
<p>hai shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it vould be better to</p>
<p>Zhongshān Gongyuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sun Y at sen Park</p>
<p>shū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tree</p>
<p>*ke &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for trees)</p>
<p>-zuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for massive objects)</p>
<p>mUtou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vood</p>
<p>Li&amp;odai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Li£o Period</p>
<p>Questions for Exercise 2</p>
<p>Prepare your ansvers to these questions in Chinese so that you vill be able to give them orally in class.</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Why does the American scholar vant to stop talking about Nev York?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Why does his Chinese friend think Nev York is a special place?</p>
<p>3_ Does the Chinese friend enjoy old things? Hov do you knov?</p>
<p>h, Hov do you get from the Beijīng Hotel to Sun Yatsen Park?</p>
<p>5. Describe three attractions in Sun Yatsen Park.</p>
<p>After you have ansvered these questions yourself, you may vant to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also vant to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your ansvers.</p>
<p>Note: The translations used in these dialogues are meant to indicate the English functional equivalents for the Chinese sentences rather than the literal meaning of the Chinese.</p>
<p>Exercise 3</p>
<p>In this conversation, Professor Michaels talks vith Ms. Tang Lin, from the China Travel Service, vhile he packs his bags in his hotel room.</p>
<p>Listen to the conversation once straight through. Then, on the second time through, look below and ansver the questions.</p>
<p>Here are the nev vords and phrases you vill need to understand this conversation:</p>
<p>dSrSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to disturb</p>
<p>huicě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;book of photographs</p>
<p>xuyaoliang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;need, demand</p>
<p>JieshSu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to accept</p>
<p>llvū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gift</p>
<p>zhaopian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;photograph</p>
<p>ySuhSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;friendship</p>
<p>daibiSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to represent; on behalf of</p>
<p>Questions for Exercise 3</p>
<p>Prepare your ansvers to these questions in Chinese so that you vill be able to give them orally in class•</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What does Ms. Tang Lan &quot;bring Professor Michaels?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Why does she bring this particular gift?</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Why does she refuse the pen Professor Michaels offers her?</p>
<p>h. Hov does Professor Michaels explain his gift of the pen so that it vlll be acceptable?</p>
<p>After you have ansvered these questions yourself, you may vant to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also vant to listen to the conversation to help you practice saying the ansvers vhich you have prepared.</p>
<p>Exercise k</p>
<p>In this conversation, a young German student is touring the Great Wall at Badallng vhen she meets &amp;&nbsp;Chinese vho vas a classmate of hers three years before in Germany.</p>
<p>Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then revlnd the tape and listen again. On the second time through, ansver the questions.</p>
<p>You vlll need the following nev words and phrases:</p>
<p>Nl haishl lao yangzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You look as if you haven<sup>1</sup>t changed</p>
<p>a bit</p>
<p>b^ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be great, to be terrific</p>
<p>veld^ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be great (e.g.<sub>9</sub> a le&amp;der)</p>
<p>Mūnlhel &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Munich</p>
<p>shizhengfǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;city hall</p>
<p>zhengqi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be neat, to be tidy</p>
<p>Questions for Exercise k</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Why hadn’t the German gotten in touch vlth her Chinese friend yet?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What plans of the Chinese government are bothering the German?</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What example does the Chinese friend give to shov that modernization has made Improvements In Beijīng?</p>
<p>U. What is the main reason the Chinese friend sees for building the hotel?</p>
<p>After you have ansvered these questions yourself, you may vant to take a look at the tr&amp;zifilation for this conversation. You may also vant to listen to the conversation again to help you pronounce your ansvers correctly.</p>
<p>Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 2</p>
<p>In this conversation, an American scholar visiting China (A) talks vith</p>
<p>an old Chinese friend of his (B) at the Beijīng Hotel,</p>
<p>A: Meici Ifii ZhSngguǒ z5ngshi yao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Every time I come to China I alvays</p>
<p>m£fan.nl, pěizhe vSmen paolai pao- trouble you to accompany us all around crilde. Nl shenme shlhou ye dao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the place. You should really come</p>
<p>Meiguo qū kankan ma! Sǎn-sishl- see America some time! It<sup>f</sup>s changed ni&amp;n le, MeiguS yījīng biande tai a lot in thirty or forty years! duō le!</p>
<p>B: Shi a! Qū shi hen xiang qūde, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, I<sup>f</sup>d love to go, it<sup>f</sup>s Just that</p>
<p>zhl shi ylshl hai zhSobudao Jlhui. for the moment I can<sup>1</sup>t find the opportunity.</p>
<p>A: Gelňnblya Daxuě chang qlng tamen- Columbia University often invites de lXo xuěsheng hulqu canguan, you- their old students back to visit and lSn. W8 shl shi gei ni ānpai yixietr. tour. I<sup>f</sup> 11 try to arrange it for you.</p>
<p>B: HSode....ShuSqilai ye qiguai, NiS Okay....It<sup>f</sup> s a funny thing<sub>y</sub> but Nev</p>
<p>Yue zhen shi ge těbiěde dif&amp;ng. W5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;York is really a special place. When</p>
<p>zhū zai nirde shlhou bū Juěde zěnzne &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I vas living there, I didn't think,</p>
<p>tai h£o<sub>y</sub> kSshi xianzai chang xlSng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;much of the place<sub>9</sub> but nov I often</p>
<p>qi ta! YSu hen duo lSo liūxuesheng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;think of it. A lot of old students ch£ng shu5, shei zai Niu Yue zhūguo* - returned from abroad often say that</p>
<p>shei Jiu hui ch&amp;ngching xiangzhe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;whoever has lived in Nev York vill</p>
<p>ta! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;think of it often!</p>
<p>A: 0, vSmen bil tin zheige le. Zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let<sup>f</sup>s not talk about this any more,</p>
<p>tinxlaqu vS y? yao xiSng Jia le. If ve keep talking about it, Vm going WSmen halshi chūqu zSuzou ba! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to start missing home, too. It vould</p>
<p>be better if we vent outside for a valk!</p>
<p>B: HSo a! Nl xlSng qxl n&amp;r a? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All right! Where vould you like to</p>
<p>go?</p>
<p>A: Beijīng shl shSudǔ, yldlng y5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Beijing is the capital, so it natur-</p>
<p>xle ySu yiside dlfang. GňgSng, Yf- ally has some interesting places. I<sup>f</sup>ve heyu£n sbenoede v8 d5u qūguo le. been to the Palace Museum and the Fujln h&amp;l ySu shenme biěde dlfang Summer Palace. Are there any other bljilo y8u yisi m&amp;? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;interesting places near here?</p>
<p>B: C6ng zheli chūqu vXng xl zSu<sub>y</sub> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If you go out from here and v&amp;lk to</p>
<p>chxi&amp;nguo Tiǎn<sup>f</sup>anměn GuSngchSng, zeLi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the vest, then cut across Tiǎn'anmen</p>
<p>Tian<sup>,</sup>anm6nde xTbianr you yfge g5ng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Square, then on the vest side of Tian-</p>
<p>yuinr, Jiilo Zhongshan GSngyuan^ li- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;axmin there<sup>1</sup> s a park called Sun Yatsen</p>
<p>mlan ySu bū shSo piaoiiangde gudai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Park, and inside there are a lot of</p>
<p>Jianzhu, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;beautiful ancient buildings.</p>
<p>A: Shi shenme chaodaide jianzhu, y5u What dynasty are the buildings from? du6shao niande lishī K &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov old are they?</p>
<p>B: Zui zSode Jiazizhu shi LiaodaicLe, The earliest buildings are from the chabuduo y5u ylqianniande lishl le. Liao Period. They are about a thou-Nax h£i y8u qlke gudaide da shū, sand years old. There are also seven yě d5u y5u ylqianduo nian le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ancient trees there, which are over a</p>
<p>thousand years old, too.</p>
<p>A: Něr ye y5u ySu mlngde gongdian ba? There<sup>T</sup>s a famous palace there too,</p>
<p>isn't there?</p>
<p>B: Y8u, ySu ylzuS da dian shi Ming- Yes. There<sup>T</sup>s a large palace which chaode shihour Jianzhude, yongde was constructed in the Ming Dynasty, ciiliāo quSn shi mūtou, ye yljīng made entirely of wood, That<sup>T</sup>s about chabuduS you liūbSiniande lishl. six hundred years old, too.</p>
<p>A: HSo, na wSmen xianzai Jiū qū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All right, then let<sup>T</sup>s go for a walk</p>
<p>zSuzou. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;right now.</p>
<p>£: HSode， zou! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, let<sup>1</sup>s go!</p>
<p>Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 3</p>
<p>An American tourist, Professor Michaels (M), is packing his bags in his</p>
<p>hotel room. Ms. Ting Lin (T)， from the China Travel Service, comes to his</p>
<p>door.</p>
<p>T: Maike Jiaoshou, dSr&amp;o nl le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Professor Michaels, I<sup>f</sup>m disturbing you.</p>
<p>M: Mei shenme, kuii q^ng zuo, vS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Not at all. Please sit dovn. It<sup>1</sup>s</p>
<p>zhěr luanqībazaode, zki shSushl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a mess here, I<sup>f</sup>m packing, dongxi.</p>
<p>T: Shenme shlhourde feijī ya? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When’s your plane?</p>
<p>M: Wǎnshangde* h£i z&amp;o ne, bO. Jl bū In the evening. It<sup>1</sup> s still early, jl, nl zud ma. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No rush, no rush. Come on and sit</p>
<p>dovn.</p>
<p>T: W5 lai song gei nln yiben yōulSn I，ve come to give you a photograph-huacě. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ic travel book.</p>
<p>M: YfiulSn hu2ce? Jill shi vSmen zai A photographic travel book? Is it y6ulSn WinlI Ch&amp;ngchengde shihou, the kind I wanted to buy when ve were vS xiSng m&amp;lde neizhSng? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;touring the Great Wall of Ten Thousand</p>
<p>Li?</p>
<p>T: Jill shi. ZheizhSng huācě xSy&amp;o- Right. There sure is a great demand Hang ke da le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for this kind of book of photographs.</p>
<p>M: Shi ma! 5u2hou l&amp;ide, ：!?izhou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sure! Visitors from Europe, America,</p>
<p>laide, shenme dlfang laide v.eren &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;everywhere, all want to buy one. Of</p>
<p>dou xiSng m&amp;i yfběnr. Xūyirliang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;course there<sup>1</sup>s a great demand, ylding hen da.</p>
<p>T: NSitian zai Badallng, nln měiyou That day at BadAlIng, you weren’t mXith&amp;Oy Jīntian v5 gei nln songlai able to find one，so today I，m bring-le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ing you one.</p>
<p>M: Zhen xlexle ni, zhěme diǎnr xi5o Thank you so much. Such a small shir nl hii xi&amp;ngzhe. Duoshao qian thing and you still remembered it. na? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov much vas it?</p>
<p>T: Shi Luxlngshe song ninde. WSmen It’s a gift from the Travel Service. huĀnylng nln zai 1^1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ve welcome you to come back again.</p>
<p>(Michael taJces a Parker pen out of the pocket of his suitcase.)</p>
<p>M: Na, zhěizhī bl song gei ni. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Then, taJce this pen as a gift.</p>
<p>T: 0, bū kěyi, wSmen bū kěyi Jiē- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;〇h, I can’t. We，re not allowed to</p>
<p>shou kěrende llvu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;accept gifts from visitors.</p>
<p>M: Name song gei nlmen Luxlngshě. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Then I give it to your Travel Ser-</p>
<p>Hii Jlde neitiān v5men zii Shisan- vice. Do you still remember that day ling ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;at the Thirteen Tombs?</p>
<p>T: Dui，něitian nln hen gāoxlng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, That day you vere very happy.</p>
<p>M: XlnshSng Zhongguo gǔdai Jianzhu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The thing that makes me happiest is</p>
<p>yishu shi w8 zui gaoxlngde shi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;admiring the ancient architectural art</p>
<p>Neitian vSmen zhao xiang le, nl hfii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of China. That day ve took pictures,</p>
<p>Jide ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;do you renember?</p>
<p>T: Jide. Něitian nln gei vSmen Lu- Yes. That day, you took a picture</p>
<p>xlngshede Jlge t6ngzhl zhaole &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of us comrades from the Travel Ser-</p>
<p>xi&amp;ng, nln h&amp;i zai zhaopian hdu- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vice, and you wrote on the back of</p>
<p>mi an yong Zhongvěn xiele <sup>n</sup>Mei- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the picture <sup>tT</sup>American-Chinese friend-</p>
<p>Zh5ng ySuh&amp;o&quot; slge zi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ship •”</p>
<p>M: Dul, n&amp;me jīntiǎc nl song huacě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right. So then today since you've</p>
<p>lai, vS song gei nlmen ylzhī bl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;brought me the photographic travel</p>
<p>veishenme bī kěyi ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;book, vhat<sup>1</sup> s wrong with my giving you</p>
<p>a pen?</p>
<p>T: HSo. W5 daibiSo tSngzhlmen xlě- All right. On behalf of the other xle nln» huanying&quot;nln l&amp;L. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;comrades,工 thank you and welcome you</p>
<p>to come back again.</p>
<p>M: W8 yldlng zai l&amp;i. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1*11 be sure to.</p>
<p>Dialogue and Translation for Exercise h</p>
<p>A traveler from Germany (B) is touring the Great Wall at Bad£līng when she</p>
<p>spots a Chinese friend (A) whom she met three years before vhen he vas studying</p>
<p>in Germany.</p>
<p>B: Ai! Xtl Gang! Hii renshi v5 ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hey! Xu Gāngl Do you still remem-</p>
<p>ber me?</p>
<p>A: 0! Shi nX ya! SānniEn bū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Well! It<sup>f</sup>s you! It<sup>f</sup>s been three</p>
<p>Jiin, nl hilahl llo yangzi! Lai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;years, but you still look the same!</p>
<p>Beijing duo le? ~ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov long has it been since you came '</p>
<p>to Běijīng?</p>
<p>B: Ha! Kluidao nl zhēn gǎoxlng! W8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ha! It<sup>f</sup>s so good to see you! It<sup>1</sup> s</p>
<p>lai zhěr ylge du5 xīngql le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;been a week or more since 工 got here.</p>
<p>Yi2hl c&amp;zigu&amp;n zhěr, canguān narde, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I，ve &quot;been sightseeing all over the</p>
<p>znangjlie<sub>9</sub> dou měi neng gel ni dS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;place all along, and haven<sup>!</sup>t been</p>
<p>yige di&amp;nhua. Nl hfii zai Běida &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;able to give you a call. Are you</p>
<p>zna? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;still at Běijīng University?</p>
<p>A: H&amp;l zai B5ida. Nlde Zh5ngvěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, I'm still there. Your Chinese</p>
<p>yuě l£i yuě bSng le ma! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is getting more and more fantastic!</p>
<p>B: Bang shenme ya? Hfii bu shi ma* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What<sup>f</sup>s fantastic about it? It<sup>1</sup>s</p>
<p>mahuhude! Dul le, zki zhěr kandao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Just so-so, really! Oh yes—glad</p>
<p>al thing hSo! W5 y5u ylge věntl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I We run into you here; I have a</p>
<p>xlXng věn ne, nl ySu meiyou sh£- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;question I<sup>f</sup>d like to ask. Do you</p>
<p>Jian? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have time?</p>
<p>A: Y5u! Nl y5u shenme věntl? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. What’s your question?</p>
<p>B: W8 Jide Ch&amp;ngcheng Jlngguole hSo- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As I remeiober，the Great Wall passes</p>
<p>Jlge shSng, y5u ylviLn ěrqianduo ll &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;through many provinces and is over</p>
<p>Chang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12,000 li_ long.</p>
<p>A: Dui y&amp;! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right!</p>
<p>B: Ch&amp;ngcbeng shi Zhongguo zui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Great Wall is China’s greatest</p>
<p>d&amp;de gǔd&amp;i jianzhu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ancient structure*</p>
<p>A; Dul ya! ChSbuduo shi zheiyang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right! That<sup>1</sup> s about the way it is.</p>
<p>B: HSo* Niune Qlnch&amp;ode shihour věi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay. And vhy did they vant to</p>
<p>shenme yato xlǔ zheme chfingde Ch&amp;ng* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;build such a long Great Wall during</p>
<p>cheng ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Qln dynasty?</p>
<p>A: Dangr&amp;i shi veile f&amp;ngbei B?i- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As a precaution against invasions</p>
<p>fang l&amp;lde qlnltt le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;from the north, of course.</p>
<p>B: Ndme, hXmen xlanzii veishenme &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Then vhy aren’t you doing a good</p>
<p>bi hSohaorde bSohO. Ch&amp;ngcheng<sub>9</sub> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Job of protecting the Great Wall, of</p>
<p>nlmen gudaide chu&amp;ntSng ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;protecting your ancient tradition?</p>
<p>A: Shei shuode? WSmen bli shi yizh£ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Says vho? We<sup>f</sup>ve been repairing it</p>
<p>zili xiǔ ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all along, you know!</p>
<p>B: Keshl tlngshuo n!Cmende zhěngfu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;But I hear that your government has</p>
<p>yljīng Juedlng zii Ch&amp;ngchěngde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;decided to build a modern hotel in the</p>
<p>fujin gai ylge xiandaihixade &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vicinity of the Great Wall. If that<sup>f</sup>s</p>
<p>diin. RliguS zhen shi něiyangr<sub>t</sub> v8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;really the case, then I feel rather</p>
<p>Juěde ySu jrtdlXnr Wi tai shǔTu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bad about it.</p>
<p>A: i! W8 xlXngqllai le. Zii Mūnl- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ah! I remember. When ve vere in</p>
<p>heide shihou, vSmen you ylcl qū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Munich, once ve vent to visit an old</p>
<p>cǎnguan ylge lXo JiSotang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;church.</p>
<p>B: Dui le. WSmen zSuguo lSo shi* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right. When we walked in front of</p>
<p>zhěngfu menkSurde shihou<sub>#</sub> kajidao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the old city hall, seeing all those</p>
<p>nar ySu hen duo hen xianditihuade &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;modern restaurants, and the magazines,</p>
<p>fangu&amp;nr, ye ySu zazhi» shubaio, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;books, newspapers, paintings, and so</p>
<p>huar shenmede, zhen rang wo xlnli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;on, it really made me feel very bad. bu shǔfu.</p>
<p>A: Hai， xiandaihuGLde shěhul ma, zenme Well, that<sup>1</sup> s modern society, you</p>
<p>neng meiyou xlandaihuade d5ngxi ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;knov! Hov can it do without modern</p>
<p>Bifang shuo B?ijīngde Qianmenvai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;things? Take Qianmenvai in</p>
<p>ba, congqi&amp;n y5u hen du5 xiSo puzi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for example. It used to have a lot</p>
<p>Jief&amp;ng ylhSu xiǔguo h&amp;o du5 ci, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of little shops. After liberation,</p>
<p>h&amp;i shi b1i til hXo, hSulSi chong- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it vas fixed up many times, but it</p>
<p>xīn giile hen du5 da shǎngdlan, Jiū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;still vasn<sup>f</sup>t too good* Later a lot</p>
<p>zhgngqlde duo le. YSu shenme bii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of new big stores vere built* and</p>
<p>hXo ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it looked much neater. What<sup>1</sup>a wrong</p>
<p>vith that?</p>
<p>B: HSo le, hSo le, vS tongyi le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, okay, I agree*</p>
<p>A: Shi m&amp;! Nl kan, 2hěrde dtxlng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sure! Look, the terrain is so</p>
<p>du6 y5u yisi, fengJIng du6 piio- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;interesting here, and the scenery</p>
<p>li&amp;ng. Lii 2herde ren vanr yltian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is so beautiful. Is one day enough</p>
<p>gou m&amp;? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for the people vho come here?</p>
<p>B: Digai bti. gdu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Probably not.</p>
<p>A: Jiu shi ma, yaoshi fujtn ySu ylge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Exactly. If there vere a big hotel</p>
<p>da fandian, nk dud f&amp;zigbian! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the vicinity, hov convenient it</p>
<p>would be!</p>
<p>5: HSo le, hSo le<sub>9</sub> w8 tSngyi le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, okay, I agree! Come on, let<sup>1</sup> s</p>
<p>ZSu* z&amp;nznen zii shflLzig zSuzou. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;valk on up!</p>
<p>A: ZSu! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let<sup>f</sup>s go.</p>
<p>Unit 5* Reference List</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Zhonggu6 Mitan zlyuan b\l &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;China's coal resources are large -</p>
<p>shSo<sub>9</sub> gh^nH&amp;ng hen gāo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and output is high.</p>
<p>B: Shi, xlanzāi Zhongguo měitan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, China's coal output ranks</p>
<p>chanliāng zai shijieshang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;third in the world. zhan disānvěi.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Congqian Zhongguode shly6u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the past, China's oil vas</p>
<p>dabufen zai li bian.ling &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mostly in places out near the</p>
<p>bū yuǎnde difang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;border.</p>
<p>B: Xianzai yajihSi yldaide &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Now oil in the coastal region is</p>
<p>shlyou ye fǎzhanqilai le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;starting to be developed.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Zheige kuangqude .1 Inshfi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When did the metal industry in this</p>
<p>gongye shi sheome shihou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mining area begin? kaishi ySude?</p>
<p>B: Bashi niĀnd&amp;i, Jlxiě gōngyě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the eighties. There vasń<sup>f</sup>t a</p>
<p>ye shi bashi niandai cai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;machine industry until the eighties,</p>
<p>ySude• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tfither•</p>
<p>U. A: Zai gud shlni&amp;n, dEo Jiǔshl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In another ten years, in the early</p>
<p>niandai chu, zheige guojia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nineties, this country vill pro-</p>
<p>dag&amp;l hui biancheng ylge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bably become an economic power. JIngJi qiinggu6»</p>
<p>B: Bu xlng, qlm&amp; dSi zai gud &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No, it vill be at least another</p>
<p>ershlniin. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;twenty years•</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Zheivei zii gu6vāi y5u mlngde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What happened vhen this engineer vho</p>
<p>gongchengsbl • hul gu5 ylhou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vas famous abroad went back to his</p>
<p>zenmeyflLng la? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;country?</p>
<p>B: Hui gu6 ylhou yizhi g&amp;o zhong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He has been doing technical work</p>
<p>g5ngye fangml&amp;nde Jishu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in heavy industry since he</p>
<p>gongzud. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;returned to his country.</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Bū Jii shi Riben, xlanzāi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Not only Japan, all countries are</p>
<p>gěguS d5u hen guanxin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nov interested in the economic</p>
<p>ZhSngguo y&amp;nhSide JingJi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;construction of China<sup>1</sup>s coast. Jiinshe.</p>
<p>B: Shi. Yljīng y5u xuduS juojia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, there are already many countries</p>
<p>xlSng he Zhongguě yiai zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;which are thinking of establishing</p>
<p>něi yldai chengli xīr.de &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;new companies vith China in that</p>
<p>gSngsī. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;area.</p>
<p>了. A: Tīngshuo zheige nongyeqǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I hear that this agricultural area</p>
<p>yljīng y5u 1^11ang fazhSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;already has the capability to</p>
<p>gSngye le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;develop its industry.</p>
<p>B: Jin shlnian lai, zheige diqǔ- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Over the past ten years, agricultural</p>
<p>de nongyě shengch&amp;n gǎode bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;production in this area has been</p>
<p>cuo, shouru bu shSo, gSole &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;good and income has been high, so</p>
<p>yidianr qlng g5ngyě. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;some light industry vas set up.</p>
<p>8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Tlngshuo ěrshiniin qiin y5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I heard that twenty years ago a lot</p>
<p>hen duo nianqing rěn daole &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of young people came to that</p>
<p>nelge meiyou rěnde qiong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;poor and unpopulated place, dlfang.</p>
<p>B: Shi a! Kěshi xianzai zhěngfu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, but nov the government need not</p>
<p>kěyi fangxln le. Něige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;worry anymore. That place can be</p>
<p>difang yīj īng suan Jianshede &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;considered to have been pretty veil</p>
<p>bu cu5 le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;built up.</p>
<p>9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: ZSngde l&amp;i shu5 ba, zheige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Generally speaking, the changes in</p>
<p>cS备ngshide bTanhui shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;this city have been great* hen dade.</p>
<p>B: Shi a, zhan zai shi zhongxln* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, standing on top of the &quot;build-</p>
<p>de dal6\ishang kSnkan, vS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lng in the center of the city,</p>
<p>dou bū renshi le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;looking out, I don’t recognize</p>
<p>anything anymore!</p>
<p>10. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Xǔduo JingJi llllang bljiSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Many countries vith relatively veak</p>
<p>ruSde gu6jla hen ganxlě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;economies are grateful for China*s</p>
<p>Zhonggu6de bangzhxi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;help.</p>
<p>B: VSmen y? sbl ylge fazhSn- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We<sup>1</sup> re still a developing country, too,</p>
<p>zhongde gu6jia, kSshl vS- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;but ve*re happy to help other</p>
<p>men hen gǎoxing bang qlta &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;countries in economic construction. gu6jia gSo JīngJi Jianshe.</p>
<p>11. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;h&amp;ivan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gulf, bay</p>
<p>12. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GuXxigdSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a province, formerly Kvangtung)</p>
<p>13. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;H5il6ngJiSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a province, formerly Heilongkiang)</p>
<p>lU. Shanxi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a province, formerly Shensi, nov</p>
<p>officially spelled Shaanxi)</p>
<p>15. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sichuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a province, formerly Szechwan)</p>
<p>16. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tianjin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a municipality， formerly Tientsin)</p>
<p>Unit 5% Vocabulary List</p>
<p>ba &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(marker of pause or hypothesis)</p>
<p>bang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to help</p>
<p>bianhua &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;change</p>
<p>Mānjing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;border, frontier</p>
<p>chěngli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to establish</p>
<p>-chū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the beginning of (a time period)</p>
<p>fajig xīn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to &quot;be unworried, to &quot;be at ease</p>
<p>gSnxiě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be thankful, to be grateful</p>
<p>gě- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;each, every, various, different</p>
<p>gSngchěngshī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;engineer</p>
<p>GuSngdSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(province in south China)</p>
<p>guanxin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be concerned about, to care about</p>
<p>hSiv£n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;bay; gulf</p>
<p>Heil6ngjiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(province in northeast China)</p>
<p>Jin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the past.&quot;, the last. • •</p>
<p>Jīnshu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;metal</p>
<p>Icu&amp;ngqu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mining region</p>
<p>liliuig (liliang) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;power, force, strength</p>
<p>zzieitan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;coal</p>
<p>niandai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;decade of a century</p>
<p>qiSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be strong</p>
<p>qiSngguS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;powerful nation, a power</p>
<p>qJmS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;at least</p>
<p>qlng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be light</p>
<p>qlng gongye &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;light industry</p>
<p>qi6ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be poor</p>
<p>qlt&amp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;other</p>
<p>-qu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;area, region, district</p>
<p>tvo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be veak</p>
<p>ShXnxI &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(province in north central China)</p>
<p>•••(l&amp;i) shuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•••speaking</p>
<p>Sichuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(province in southwest China)</p>
<p>sioan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be considered, to count as</p>
<p>Tianjin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(municipality southeast of BSiJīng)</p>
<p>-vei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;place, position (rank)</p>
<p>xuduo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;many, much</p>
<p>ySnhXl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;along the coast, coastal</p>
<p>zhong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be heavy</p>
<p>zhongxln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;center, heart, core, hub</p>
<p>zīyu£n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(natural) resources</p>
<p>zongde lai shuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;generally speaking, on the vhole</p>
<p>Unit 5% Reference Notes</p>
<p>1. A: Zbonggu6 meitain zlyuan bil &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;China<sup>1</sup> s coal resources are large</p>
<p>shXo<sub>9</sub> chfali&amp;ng ben gao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and output is high.</p>
<p>B: Shi, xianzai Zhongguo zněitan Yes, China<sup>f</sup>s coal output nov ranks chSnliang zai shljieshang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;third in the world,</p>
<p>zhaja disǎpvei.</p>
<p>Notes on No. 1</p>
<p>měitan: ”coal” In daily life (for coal is still used as a fuel in many homes in China), this is usually called simply měi• Tan by itself means ’’charcoal”（charcoal is also called raňtan, literally, <sup>n</sup>vood-charcoal<sup>n</sup>). Another word tan, written with a different character 'but pronounced exactly the same, means the element ’’carbon/<sup>1</sup></p>
<p>Zheige difangde meit&amp;n shēngch&amp;n Coal production is doing very veil qlngkuing bil cud. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in this place.</p>
<p>zīyu&amp;n: &quot;resources” This is used in such phrases as zlr&amp;n zlyu&amp;n. <sup>n</sup>natural reaoxircea»<sup>n</sup> and dixia zlyuan^ <sup>n</sup>underground resources.^</p>
<p>Riběn ySu zlyuande ventI. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Japan has a problem of resources.</p>
<p>prefers to lack of resources)</p>
<p>b\i shSo: ”not few,” i.e. <sub>y</sub> &quot;many,&quot; &quot;large&quot; Remem'ber that Chinese often uses bā to express the opposite of adjectives:</p>
<p>Shlji&amp;n bū zSo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>f</sup>s getting late.</p>
<p>Nl zhen 'bū cōngmlng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You<sup>f</sup>re really dumb.</p>
<p>Něige gu6Ji&amp;de JingJi f&amp;zh&amp;nde That coimtry<sup>f</sup>s economy is developing tū man. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;quite fast,</p>
<p>dlsanvel: &quot;third place&quot; -Wei is the same word you learned in Ngivěi shi Gao TSngzhi?^ &quot;but here it meftns^<sup>rt</sup>place<sup>n</sup> or ”position” in &amp;&nbsp;statistical ranking, -Wei also means &quot;place&quot; in mathematics: gěvěi, ”the units place”； shi věi, &quot;the tens place&quot;; b&amp;ivěi • <sup>,f</sup>the hundreds place<sup>n</sup>; etc.</p>
<p>Use the pattern zhin di-&quot;.-věi for &quot;to rank in •” position<sup>11</sup>:</p>
<p>Zh5nggu6 rěnkSu zhin shijiě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;China <sup>f</sup>s popiilatibn ranks first</p>
<p>dlylvěi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in the world.</p>
<p>Ylndi ākozi chXnliang zai shi- Hov does India<sup>1</sup> s rice production Jieshang zhan dljīvěi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rank in the world?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: C6ngqifin Zhongguode shlyou In the past, China's oil vas</p>
<p>dibifen zai ll MSnJing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mostly in places near the</p>
<p>bd yuSnde difang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;border.</p>
<p>B: Xianz&amp;l yfcihXi yldaide &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nov oil in the coastal region is</p>
<p>shlyōu yě fazh&amp;nqilai le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;starting to be developed, too.</p>
<p>Notes on No. 2</p>
<p>bianjing: <sup>11</sup> (national) border&quot;</p>
<p>Zai bianjlng dlqū shēnghuo, gōng- People who live and work in the zuode rěn, yiding yao tebie &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;border areas must be especially</p>
<p>xiaoxin. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;careful.</p>
<p>Zheige chěngshi li biānjing hen This city is very near the border.</p>
<p>Jin.</p>
<p>zai li tianjlng bū yuande difang: ”vas in places near the &quot;border” The main vert of the sentence is zai， was in•” The phrase li bianjtng yuSn goes vith -de and describes dlfang. Here is a diagram of the structure:</p>
<p>Zhongguode shly6u zki &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ll bianjlng trCl yuin -de dlfang.</p>
<p>China<sup>1</sup>s oil &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;was in not far from the border places.</p>
<p>y&amp;nhli•• <sup>w</sup>along the coast, <sup>n</sup>coastaI<sup>n</sup> (Y^n, which you vill learn in Unit T, means ”along,)</p>
<p>ZheizhSng dongxi shi yanhSi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This kind of thing is found only</p>
<p>dlqū c&amp;i ySude. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in the coastal regions.</p>
<p>N^ijlge y&amp;nhSi chengshi Jian- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Those few coastal cities have been</p>
<p>shede hSn kuai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;built up very quickly.</p>
<p>Yanh&amp;i yidai is &amp;&nbsp;very cossmon way of saying <sup>n</sup>coastal region.<sup>11</sup> You should also memorize the expressions y&amp;nhSi gěshSng*， <sup>ff</sup>the (various) coastal prov-inces<sub>f</sub><sup>n</sup> and y£nh8i zlyufci, &quot;coastal resources</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Zheige kuangqude .Iln8hu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When did the metal industry in this</p>
<p>gongyd shi shenme shihou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mining area begin?</p>
<p>kalshl ySude?</p>
<p>B: Bashi ni&amp;ndai, Jixiě gongye In the eighties. There wasn’t a</p>
<p>ye shi bashi niandSi cfii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;machine industry until the eighties,</p>
<p>ySude. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;either.</p>
<p>Notes on No, 3</p>
<p>knangqu: &quot;mining area/region<sup>M</sup> Kuang is the word for &quot;mine,” as in •On the word £e^<sub>t</sub> &quot;various,” see the Notes on No, 6.</p>
<p>mSlku&amp;ng, &quot;coal mine•” -Qū means ”area，” ”region,” as in digu, &quot;region,”</p>
<p>.1 iaoqū, <sup>n</sup>suburbs<sub>f</sub><sup>n</sup> and shiqu, &quot;urban area.<sup>M</sup></p>
<p>Zheige jlhua shi guanyu kuang- This plan has to do vith the qū Jiin丨hěde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;development of mining regions,</p>
<p>.jīnshu: ”metal,” literally, &quot;metal-category&quot;</p>
<p>Zhěi shi JīnshSde ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is this (made of) metal?</p>
<p>Xianzai vSmen zuo zhěizhong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nov ve no longer make this kind of</p>
<p>dongxi bli yěng JīnshS, dou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;thing out of metal, we make it out</p>
<p>yong zhl le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of paper.</p>
<p>niindai; This has tvo meanings: (1) (as used in 3B) ”a decade of a century*<sup>11</sup> e.g.，ěrshi niandai<sub>%</sub> ’’the tventies&quot;; (2) &quot;period，” &quot;era”</p>
<p>Zheige gushi xiede shi shenme &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What period is this story about? ni^ndEide shi?</p>
<p>Zheipfng Ji2 shi shenme nian- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What vintage is this vlne/liquor? dSide?</p>
<p>Jlxle: ^machine,” &quot;machinery,<sup>n</sup> &quot;mechanical&quot;</p>
<p>W5men zhelide shengchSn zhuyao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mogt of our production here is by</p>
<p>kao Jlxie. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;machine.</p>
<p>Jlxle is also pronounced JI.Hě,</p>
<p>Jloi<sub>9</sub> ”machine,” which you learned in Unit 3, is different from Mxie.</p>
<p>Jīq生 refers to individual machines; .1Ixle is machines in general—machinery.</p>
<p>virtually- always translates as ”macliine(s).&quot; Jlxle is basically <sup>n</sup>machin-ery,<sup>11</sup> but may translate as &quot;machine” in certain phrases, like Jlxiě gōngrěn^ ^machine worker.1ixle gSngye. &quot;machine industry/<sup>1</sup> etc.</p>
<p>U. A: Zai gud shlniin, dao Jitishi In another ten years, in the early ni&amp;ndai chu, zheige gu6jia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nineties<sub>%</sub> this country will pro-</p>
<p>d&amp;gai hui Manchěng yfge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bably become an economic pover.</p>
<p>JīngJi qifaiggu6&gt;</p>
<p>B: Bil xlng, qlmX dSi zii gud &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No, it vill be at least another</p>
<p>ershlnian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tventy years•</p>
<p>Notes on No, k</p>
<p>zki gu5 shfniin; <sup>n</sup>in another ten years,” ”after another ten years have passed&quot; Here are some more examples of the use of (zai) guo (Amount of Time):</p>
<p>Z&amp;i gud J Ini in v5 Jii xiguan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>1</sup>11 get used to life here in</p>
<p>zh^rde shezighu6 le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;another few years.</p>
<p>Guo Jltiān ii Jiū yao qū Yidali In a fev days, he vill be going zud lingshi le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to Italy to be consul.</p>
<p>-chu: <sup>n</sup>at the beginning of<sup>n</sup> a time period</p>
<p>Mlngni&amp;nchū v5 qu ShanghSi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At the beginning of next year I'm</p>
<p>going to ShanghSi.</p>
<p>Yuěchu zai shu5 ba! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We'll see about it at the beginning</p>
<p>of (next) month!</p>
<p>Zheige yuě chū tiǎnqi kaishi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The weather started to get varmer</p>
<p>nu&amp;nhuo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;at the beginning of this month.</p>
<p>Wěnhua Da Geming chū vSmen shěi At the beginning of the Cultural dou hii bii zhīdao shi zenme &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Revolution, none of us knew vhat</p>
<p>hul shi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it vas all about yet.</p>
<p>qi£nggu6: <sup>w</sup>strong-country,<sup>M</sup> i.e., <sup>T?</sup>a (world) pover<sup>,T</sup></p>
<p>qlm£: (1) &quot;at least&quot;</p>
<p>TS xue Zhongwen qlmX ySu vǔniin He has been studying Chinese for le, danshi h£i shuōde bd hSo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;at least five years, but he still</p>
<p>doesn't speak well.</p>
<p>Meitian vSnsh&amp;ng v5 qlmX yao k&amp;n Every evening I have to read at liSngge zh5ngt6u shū c£i neng least tvo hours before I can shui Jiao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;go to sleep.</p>
<p>Zheige rěn zhen neng pSo<sub>9</sub> měitiǎn This guy can really run. Every day qlnX p&amp;o shier ylngll. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;he runs at least twelve miles.</p>
<p>(2) &quot;miniimm, lowest (required to be acceptable), most basic, rudimentary”</p>
<p>Zheige rěn! Li&amp;n qlmXde llmao This guy! He doesn<sup>T</sup>t even understand d5u bū d5ng! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the most basic manners!</p>
<p>Nl liin zhe qlmXde daoll d5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You don*t even understand this basic</p>
<p>bū dSng?! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;principle (of conduct<sub>t</sub> life，etc.)?!</p>
<p>Similar expre丨丨iOM include qlm&amp;de tiiojiin, <sup>n</sup>the most basic conditions&quot;;</p>
<p>oYmSde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;the most basic environment (al conditions)<sup>11</sup>; q^m&amp;de zhlshi ^</p>
<p>the most rudimentary knowledge<sup>11</sup>; qlmgde shulping, &quot;the minimum level.<sup>1</sup>'</p>
<p>5. A: Zheivei z&amp;l gu6v£l y3u mlngde What happened vhen this engineer vho gongch^ngshi• bul guo ylhou was famous abroad went back to his zSmeyīng 1&amp;? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;country?</p>
<p>B: Hul gu6 ylhSu yizhl gao zhong He has been doing technical vork gong/e fangniiande Jishu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in heavy industry since he</p>
<p>gongzuo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;returned to his country.</p>
<p>Notes on No. 5</p>
<p>zenmeyang la?: ”vhat happened (to him)” La is Just a contraction of le and 昱. Here are more examples of the extremely useful word zěnmeyang, &quot;hov &quot;vhat happened (to)•••，” or ”do what&quot;:</p>
<p>Ranhou ne? Ranhou zenmeyang? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And then? Then what happened?</p>
<p>Ěi, hSo Jlnian mei kanjian Xi5o Say, I haven<sup>1</sup>1 seen Xi5o Wu for Wň le, ta zězimeyang le? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;many years. What ever became</p>
<p>of her?</p>
<p>Yige rěn bū n^ng xi&amp;ng zěnmeyang A person cannot Just do anything jiu zSnmeyang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;they feel like doing.</p>
<p>Nl yck&gt;shl Wi gaosu ta, ta hui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If you don<sup>f</sup>t tell him, vill he try</p>
<p>dui nl zSnmeyiLng ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to do anything to you?</p>
<p>Ta hul zSnmey&amp;ng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He.yon<sup>f</sup>t do anything.</p>
<p>A: Nl dSsu&amp;n zSnmeyang? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What are you going to do?</p>
<p>B: Nl xl&amp;ng v3 yīnggāl zenmeyang? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What do you think I should do?</p>
<p>A: WS bil zhīdao<sub>f</sub> nl yao zenmeyang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don’t knov. Do whatever you jiu zeximejrang. want to do.</p>
<p>zhong: <sup>n</sup>to be heavy,<sup>n</sup> in several senses:</p>
<p>Zheige jlqi ySu du6 zhdng? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov heavy is this machine?</p>
<p>Gongke tai zhong, zhen lei. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I have too much homework; I^m really</p>
<p>tired.</p>
<p>Bū yao bS hu&amp; shuode tai zhong Don’t put it too strongly. le.</p>
<p>Ta* shdule zhdng sh&amp;ng, xianzai He vas badly injured and is nov ziLl yīyiubli. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in the hospital.</p>
<p>Zhongliang means &quot;veight&quot; (compare chSnliangt zhiliang, shullang)•</p>
<p>The opposite of zhong is qlng, ’’to be light,&quot; which is introduced in No. 了， belov.</p>
<p>6. A: Bň Jiii shi' Riten, xianzai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Not only Japan, all countries are</p>
<p>gěgu6 d5u h5n guanxin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nov interested in the economic</p>
<p>Zhongguo ySnh&amp;ide JīngJi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;construction of China<sup>1</sup>s coast.</p>
<p>Jianshe.</p>
<p>B: Shi. Yljīng you xǔduS guojiā &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, there are already many countries</p>
<p>xl&amp;ng he Zhongguo yiql zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;which are thinking of establishing</p>
<p>něi yldai chěngli xīnde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;new companies vith China in that</p>
<p>gōngsi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;area.</p>
<p>Notes on No. 6</p>
<p>gěguo: &quot;various countries&quot; Ge-， &quot;each and every，” &quot;variousis a specifier like zhěi-, &quot;this,” or něi-，^hat.<sup>11</sup> You can prefix it to counters and to some nouns. Here are some examples:</p>
<p>WSmen zai quangu6 gědi cǎnguan We visited and toured all over the youl&amp;nle ylge yue. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;country for one month. (Gědi is</p>
<p>&quot;each place,&quot; <sup>M</sup>various places.<sup>M</sup>)</p>
<p>Xianzai gěrěn zud gěrěnde, si- For nov, everyone can do vhat they diSn zai kāi hui. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vant. We vill have the meeting</p>
<p>at four. (Gěrěn is &quot;everybody.”）</p>
<p>Gěvěi rliguS ySu shenme věntl, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If you all have any questions <sub>9</sub> please</p>
<p>qlng xianzai tlchulai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bring them up nov. (Gevěi is a</p>
<p>polite form of address for a group of people, e.g.<sub>9</sub> an audience. -Vei is the polite counter’ for people.)</p>
<p>Tāznen yong gezhong xlandaihuade They use all kinds of modern machines. Jlqi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(GězhSng is &quot;various kinds.”)</p>
<p>When a ge* phrase is followed in the sentence by dou, &quot;all,&quot; it takes on the meaning every,<sup>n n</sup>all.<sup>M</sup> Thus gěgu6 in sentence 6a is translated as ”all countries.<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>guanxin: <sup>n</sup>to be concerned about,<sup>rt n</sup>to care about,<sup>n</sup> ”to be interested in' the welfare of something.</p>
<p>Zhěrde lSoshl h2n guanxin xue- The teachers here are very concerned 8beng« &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;alx&gt;ut (care about) the students.</p>
<p>Ta bSn guanzīn kuangqude Jiānshe, He cares a great deal about the building singe yuěli l£i.kanguo hSo Jl- up of the mining region; he came to ci. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;see it many times in three months.</p>
<p>xuduS: ”many,” ”a great deal (of),” &quot;lots (of)” This is a synonym of hen du5, and used in the same ways.</p>
<p>chěngli; <sup>n</sup>to establish,<sup>n w</sup>to found,&quot; <sup>n</sup>to set up”</p>
<p>MeiguS Dianhua Dianbao Gongsī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In vhat year vas AT&amp;T established?</p>
<p>shi nainian chěnglide?</p>
<p>了.■ A: TīngshuS zheige n6ngyěqū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I hear that this agricultural area</p>
<p>yljīng yBu liliang fǎzhXn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;already has the capability to</p>
<p>gSngye le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;develop its industry.</p>
<p>B: Jin shlni&amp;n lai, zheige diqǔ- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Over the past ten years, agricultural de nfingyě shēngchXn gSode bū production in this area has been cuo, shouru bū shSo, gSole good and income has been high, so yidi&amp;nr qlng gSngye. some light industry was set up.</p>
<p>Notes on No, 了</p>
<p>-qu: ”area，<sup>M</sup> ”region,” &quot;district&quot; This vord, vhich you have already seen in dīqū, <sup>n</sup>area,<sup>tf</sup> ^region,,，and in kuangqū^ &quot;mining region,<sup>?f</sup> can combine with many other words, for example gSngyeaū, industrial region,” nongyěqū^ <sup>ft</sup>agricultural region” or ”faming region, shǎngyěqū, &quot;business district (of a city) ,<sup>M</sup> feng.1lngqǔ, <sup>M</sup>scenic spot,<sup>,f</sup> shǎnqǔ, mountainous district .<sup>M</sup></p>
<p>liliang: ”pover,” ”force,” ”strength” In 7A, this is translated idiomatically as ”capability/. Another example would be .1 Ing.1 i liliang^ <sup>ff</sup>economic capability.&quot; Here are more examples〔for the third one, you need to know tuSnJ_le, &quot;unity&quot;):</p>
<p>WSmende liliang bli gou, meiyou Our power is insufficient;, there is b&amp;nfS b&amp;ngzhu ni. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;no way we can help you,</p>
<p>DS zide shihou<sub>y</sub> bň neng yong tai When typing, one should not hit da liliang* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;too hard.</p>
<p>Tu&amp;njiě Jiii shi liliang* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unity is strength.</p>
<p>Shenme lili&amp;ng ye bd neng bS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No force can separate us.</p>
<p>vSmen fěnkai.</p>
<p>iln..,l£l: &quot;during the last•••”</p>
<p>Jin s&amp;nti&amp;n 1盔i» XiSo Hua hSo- For the last three days, Xi&amp;o Hua xling xīnli hen bū gaoxing. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;has seemed very unhappy.</p>
<p>Jin J Ini an l&amp;i，ta bianhua hSn In recent years , she has changed da. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a great de&amp;l.</p>
<p>Jin bSini&amp;n l&amp;ide ZhSngguo lishl Chinese history of the past hundred hSn ySu yisi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;years is very interesting.</p>
<p>qing: &quot;to be light&quot; in weight</p>
<p>Xiangzi &quot;bli zhong<sub>y</sub> hen qīng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The suitcase isn<sup>f</sup>t heavy； it<sup>1</sup> s light.</p>
<p>Qīng gSngye gongren meiyou zhong Light industrial workers do not gSngjre gongrende shōuru duo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have as high vages as heavy</p>
<p>industrial workers.</p>
<p>8. A: TīngshuS ěrshlni&amp;n qifin ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I heard that tventy years ago a lot</p>
<p>hSn du5 nl&amp;nqīng rěn daole &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of young people came to that</p>
<p>nelge meiyou rěnde qiong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;poor and unpopulated place, difaag.</p>
<p>B: Shi a! K?shi xianzai zhěngfu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, but nov the government need not</p>
<p>keyi fangxln le. Něige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vorry anymore. That place can be</p>
<p>difang yljīng suan Jianshede &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;considered to have been pretty veil</p>
<p>bū cu5 le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;built up.</p>
<p>Notes on No, 8</p>
<p>ershinian qiin: Qiěn is &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a short form of ylqieLn. You can often substitute</p>
<p>qi&amp;n for ylqi&amp;n vhen it comes &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;at the end of a time phrase. Both vords are</p>
<p>commonly used in conversation &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and writing. More examples:</p>
<p>W5 lii Meiguo qian, shenme ye mei Before I came to America, I dldn<sup>1</sup>t zhunbei. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;prepare anything.</p>
<p>Ylge yuě qi&amp;n, zheige dilou hii A month ago, this building wasn't mei galv&amp;n, xianzai yljīng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;even finished yet, and nov there</p>
<p>zh\i ren le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;are already people living in it.</p>
<p>qiong; <sup>n</sup>to be poor<sup>11</sup></p>
<p>Ql6ng &quot;bti shi ventf, l&amp;n c&amp;i shi• Being poor isn't &amp;&nbsp;problem; it<sup>f</sup>s vent!. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;being lazy that<sup>1</sup>s a problem.</p>
<p>fangxln: <sup>n</sup>to be unvorried,<sup>11 n</sup>to be at ease，’，”to put one<sup>f</sup>s mind at ea8e<sup>w</sup> (literally, <sup>n</sup>put down the heart<sup>n</sup>)</p>
<p>Nl biLn shi, w8 filngxln. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With you in charge〔literally, ”[If]</p>
<p>you handle affairs&quot;), I am at ease, (reportedly said *by Mao Zedong to Hua GuSfeng before Mao died in 1976)</p>
<p>Nl fingxīn hSo le, v8 hul xiSng Don’t you worry. I<sup>f</sup>ll think of a way, banfade.</p>
<p>Nī ylge rěn qxl, w8 Wi fangxīn. I<sup>1</sup>11 worry if you go alone.</p>
<p>suiLn: <sup>n</sup>to be counted as，<sup>w w</sup>to be considered as,<sup>11</sup>，，can be regarded as<sup>n</sup> This verb is used much more often than these English translations would seem to indicate • To really get the feel of vhat suan means, you have to look at it in context. Here are some examples (the translations attempt to be idiomatic):</p>
<p>A: H&amp;ngzhou suan bu suan gSngye Would you say that Hangzh5u is an chengshi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;industrial city?</p>
<p>B: Bō. suiLn, suiLn youlSn chěngshi. No, it<sup>1</sup> s a tourist city.</p>
<p>Zenme du5 cai, sanshikuai qian Thirty dollars isn’t expensive bti suan gui. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for so much food.</p>
<p>Nl dSi zijī hul shu5 nl xi&amp;ngde You have to be able to say vhat you d5ngxl c&amp;l suan hut shu5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vant to say before you can be con-</p>
<p>Zhongvěn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sidered to speak Chinese.</p>
<p>A: Tai zl&amp;de le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thank you so much!</p>
<p>B: N5 suan shenme! PěngySu ma! It<sup>f</sup>s nothing (literally, 'Vhat can that</p>
<p>be considered”)！ We're friends, after all!</p>
<p>FSzhan bijiao kuaide yao suan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;One would have to say the coal indus-</p>
<p>měitan g5ngyě he Jlxiě gongye, try and the machine industry are</p>
<p>the most rapidly developing industries.</p>
<p>Tianjin sulrin bfi suan zui ySu Although one would not call Tianjin mlngde chěngshi, danshi měi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a very famous city, quite a fev</p>
<p>nl&amp;n ye ySu bū sh&amp;o rěn qū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;people go there to visit every year,</p>
<p>cānguan.</p>
<p>Shu5 zheizhSng hua hfii suan shi What kind of diplomat talks like that! vaiji&amp;ogu&amp;n! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(literally, <sup>M</sup>(In view of the fact</p>
<p>that he) says such things» can he still be considered &amp;&nbsp;diplomat?!)</p>
<p>Zbei ye su&amp;n BSiJīng kSoyS ma? They call this Peking duck? The bd dul ma! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;flavor is all wrong!</p>
<p>Zai zhěi Jlge xuěshengll, ta hai Of these students, I suppose he<sup>f</sup>s suan shi hSode ne, k吝shi dou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the best, but none of them is</p>
<p>bli tai hSo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;very good.</p>
<p>9. A: ZSngde l£i shu5 ba, zheige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Generally speaking， the changes in</p>
<p>chengshlde blanhua shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;this city have been great.</p>
<p>hSn dade.</p>
<p>B: Shi a, zhin zai shi zhōngxin- Yes, standing on top of the tuild-de dalCushajig kankan, v5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ing in the center of the city,</p>
<p>dou bti renshi le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;looking out, I don<sup>r</sup>t recognize</p>
<p>anything anymore!</p>
<p>Notes on No* 9</p>
<p>zSngde l&amp;i shuS: &quot;generally speaking,&quot; &quot;on the vhole”</p>
<p>ZSngde l&amp;i shuo, vSmen xuexiao Generally speaking, our school<sup>1</sup>s xueshengde shulplng d5u shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;students are of a very high</p>
<p>hSn gaode. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;caliter.</p>
<p>ZSngde 1^1 shuo, nīmende gongzuo On the vhole，you did a good gSode bti cuo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Job.</p>
<p>A similar phrase using the pattern &quot;.lai shuo is yiban lai shuō, vhich means</p>
<p>&quot;generally speaking,&quot; &quot;ordinarily&quot;:</p>
<p>YibSn l£i shuo, vS meige yuě qu Generally speaking I go see him k&amp;n ta ylci. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;once a month.</p>
<p>Yi*bǎn lfii shu5, Hufishěngdunde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Generally speaking, spring in Wash-</p>
<p>chūntiǎn hen shūfu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ington is very comfortable.</p>
<p>Yi*bān lai shu5, Zhōngguo rěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Generally speaking, Chinese people</p>
<p>zSngshi hen kěqi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;are always polite.</p>
<p>ba: This is a new use of ba for you. It is used in colloquial speech to mark a pause in the sentence, setting off the topic vhich precedes it (in this case, zSngde lai shuo)•</p>
<p>Zheige rěn ba, bū shi zuo vSi- This guyhe isn't foreign service Jiaoguande cailiao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;officer material.</p>
<p>&quot;bianhiia: &quot;change(s)&quot; This is only used as a noun.</p>
<p>Shlnifin Wi Jian, ta 'bianhuā. hSo He hadn't seen her in ten years, and di. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;she had changed a great de&amp;l.</p>
<p>shi: &quot;city,&quot; &quot;municipality&quot; Used mostly in reference, to the official city level of government, e.g., Paging shi, &quot;the city of D&amp;qlng，” Beijing shi, ^Beijing municipalityshi b^ndē，<sup>lf</sup>city_run•” ^^hSi^geshengj^shi,</p>
<p>&quot;the coastal provinces and cities/<sup>1</sup> ~Shi is also used in a few set phrases like shi zh5ngxln, &quot;center of the city,<sup>11</sup> ”dowxrtown.&quot;</p>
<p>zhSngxīn: &quot;center,” &quot;heart,&quot; &quot;core,&quot; &quot;hub”</p>
<p>Běijīng shi Zhonggu6de zhengzhi, Beijing is the political and věnhiii zhongxīn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cultural center of China •</p>
<p>GuSngzhSu shi ylge sh&amp;ngye &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GuSngzhou is a coznmerci&amp;l center. zhSngxīn.</p>
<p>WSmen h£i meiyou t&amp;ndao wentlde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We haven<sup>1</sup>1 yet touched on the zhongxīn. core of the question.</p>
<p>ZhSngxīn can also be used before a noun to modify it. It then translates as &quot;central<sup>11</sup>:</p>
<p>Zheizie nl£nde zhSngxīn gōngzud The central task nov and in the shi gXo jīngji Ji&amp;nshe. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;coining years is to engage in</p>
<p>economic construction.</p>
<p>10. A: XiLduS JingJi liliang tljiio Many countries vith relatively veak rudde gu6ji£ hSn gSnxie &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;economies are grateful for China's</p>
<p>Zhonggu6de b&amp;ngzhul &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;help •</p>
<p>B: VSmen yl shi ylge fāzhSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We<sup>1</sup> re still a developing country; too,</p>
<p>zh5ngde gu6jii, kěshi vS- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;but ve<sup>!</sup>re happy to help other</p>
<p>men hSn gaoxing bang qltǎ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;countries in economic construction. guSjia g5o JingJi Jianshe.</p>
<p>Notes on No, 10</p>
<p>ruo: &quot;to te veak&quot; (people or countries)</p>
<p>g&amp;nxie: &quot;to te grateful (for)”</p>
<p>Zh5nggu£ zhcngfǔ hen g&amp;nxiě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Chinese government is very</p>
<p>vaiguo zhuǎnj ia dui Zhongguo- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;grateful for the help foreign</p>
<p>de 'bangzhu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;experts give to China•</p>
<p>Tā fěich£ng gSnxie pengyoumen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He is very grateful for his friends<sup>1</sup></p>
<p>dui tade guanxīn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;concern.</p>
<p>Feich&amp;ng g&amp;zudLe. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thank you so much, (formal)</p>
<p>bang: (1) <sup>w</sup>to help, to assist^ This is a less formal synonym of bangzhu*</p>
<p>Biě Jl, v8 l&amp;l &quot;bSng ni. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Take it easy, I<sup>!</sup>ll help you.</p>
<p>(2) &quot;for (someone),&quot; &quot;as a help to (someone)<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>Nt qīi bang wo n&amp; xln, h&amp;o ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Would you go get the mail for me,</p>
<p>please?</p>
<p>Bang vS n&amp; yixla hSo ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Would you please hold this for me</p>
<p>a second?</p>
<p>In most cases, the context vill clarify whether bang is meant as &quot;to help someone do something<sup>11</sup> or as <sup>w</sup>to do something for someone,<sup>ff</sup> but ambiguity may arise:</p>
<p>Ta bang v8 zud fan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She helps me cook.</p>
<p>OR She cooks for me.</p>
<p>Using yiql, &quot;together<sub>t</sub><sup>w</sup> can remove the ambiguity: Ta bang v5 ylql zuo fan can only mean &quot;She helps me cook, meaning that the two people make dinner together; it could not possibly mean &quot;She cooks for me.<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>qita: &quot;other,&quot; &quot;else,<sup>n</sup> ”the rest&quot;</p>
<p>Zheixie shū vS Jiii kanle liang- I<sup>1</sup> ve only read tvo of these books • ben, qlta h£i mei kan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I haven<sup>f</sup>t read the others yet*</p>
<p>Nl qu Shanghai, qlta rěn ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You<sup>1</sup> re going to ShanghSi; what about</p>
<p>the others?</p>
<p>IT! hil xlXng q\i shenme qltāde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If you want to go to any other places, dlfang, v5men zai zuo ānp^i. ve'll make more arrangemerrts•</p>
<p>ChUle zheige ahl zhǔyio vent!, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Besides this, vhich is the main qltā dou mei guānxi. issue, the rest doesn't matter.</p>
<p>vS zhl Juěde &quot;bū hSo yisi, qltā &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I Just feel embarrassed, nothing meiyou shenme. else..</p>
<p>Unit 5, Revlev Dialogue</p>
<p>In the vaiting room of Beijing Railroad Station, an American engineer,</p>
<p>Mr. Simms (A), is standing in front of the railroad map of China, trying 'to</p>
<p>locate a city. Zhū Wenyll (B) of the China Travel Service enters the room</p>
<p>vith a train schedule in her hand.</p>
<p>B: SlmSsī Xiansheng, nln yāode shi- Mr. Simms, the schedule you asked JianbiSo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for.</p>
<p>A: 0， xiexle, xiexie. Y5u Zhongguo Thank you, thank you. It has Chi-zi<sub>9</sub> y5u pīnyln, hSoJIle, nlmende nese characters and Pinyin, that<sup>1</sup>s gSngzud sudu bǐ ylqian kuaiduS le. great. You people are much faster</p>
<p>on the Job than you used to be.</p>
<p>B: Lilxlngshede gongzud y? del xian- The Travel Service has to modernize daihua ma! Dui le，w5 gaugeai Jin- its vork too, after all! Oh yes一</p>
<p>laide shihou, nln hSoxlang zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Just nov vhen I cane in，you seemed</p>
<p>zhSo shenme. W8 yexu kěyi bang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be looking for something. Perhaps</p>
<p>nln zhSoylzhSo? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I could help you?</p>
<p>A: Nl kan<sub>9</sub> Daqlng &quot;bfi shi zai Hei- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Look. Isn<sup>f</sup>t Dāqing in Hell6ngjiang?</p>
<p>l6ngji&amp;ng m&amp;? W8 zSnme zhSole ban- Hov come I<sup>f</sup>ve been looking for it tian mei zhSod^Lo ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for so long and haven<sup>f</sup>t found it?</p>
<p>B: 0, nln zai bianjīngshang zhSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh',- of course you von*t find it if</p>
<p>d&amp;ngr&amp;n zhXobudao le, Daqing zāi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you look near the border. Daqing is</p>
<p>HeilongJi&amp;ngde zhongxīn<sub>y</sub> zai zher &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in the center of Heil6ngJiSng&gt; Here</p>
<p>ne! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it is!</p>
<p>A: Ou! Zai zhěr. ZiLl liilshi ni£n- Oh, here it is. In the sixties dal, qlshi ni&amp;ndāl, zhěr shi ylge and seventies this vas a rather bljiSo těbiěde JingJi ditqǔ. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;special economic region.</p>
<p>B: Nln 8hu5de dul. Zheige dlfang That’s right. It vent through</p>
<p>Jlngguole chSbuduS ershini&amp;nde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;about tventy years of construction to</p>
<p>Jianshe, fazhSnch^ngle ylge ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;develop into an industrial city of</p>
<p>qīshiwin renkSude gSngyě chengshi« &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了00,000. Then in the early eighties</p>
<p>Bashi ni&amp;ndai chu ySu chěnglile &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;they established the People’s Govern-</p>
<p>Daqlng Shi RSznaln ZhengfQ. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ment of the City of Daqīng,</p>
<p>A: Zai shi zhengfSde llngdSoxia, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Under the leadership of the city</p>
<p>Daqlngde Jianah^ aUdu cUlgāi geng government, Daqlng is probably being kxiai le. ZuiJin qltade gongye y5u built even faster. Has there also měiyou sh^zoae xīnde fazhSn? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;been growth in other industries</p>
<p>recently?</p>
<p>B: FazhSn bijiao kuaide yao suan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The coal industry and the machine</p>
<p>meitān gSngye he Jlxie gSngye le. industry would have to be counted</p>
<p>among the more rapidly developing.</p>
<p>A: Meitān shěngchSn zai ZhSngguode Coal production has a very important zhong gongyeli zhan hen zhongyaode place in China<sup>1</sup>s heavy industry, Man— dlvei, Dongbei yizhl shi měitan churia has alvays had a very high</p>
<p>cbXnliang hen gaode diqǔ. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;coal output.</p>
<p>B: Dui, DSngbei měit&amp;n zīyuan bū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes， Manchuria has very large coal</p>
<p>shSo<sub>f</sub> shi zhongyaode kuangqū. Sa- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;reserves. It<sup>f</sup>s an important* znining</p>
<p>musl Xianaheng, nln yizhl hen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;region. You've alvays &quot;been concerned</p>
<p>guanxin vSmende JīngJi Ji^nshě a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;about our economic construction, Mr.</p>
<p>Simms!</p>
<p>A: Shi a, vo shi gSngchěngshī, v5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. I,m an engineer, and I've</p>
<p>yizhl feichSng zhuyt ZhSngguo Jīng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;alvays paid attention to the changes</p>
<p>Ji Jianshede bianhua, vS xīvang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in China's economic construction. I</p>
<p>Zh5nggu6 ku^i yidiSnr Jiānshěcheng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hope China vill be built into an</p>
<p>ylge gSngyehnade guojia. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;industrialized country very soon.</p>
<p>B: Xiěxle nln. Xianzai ySu hěn duo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thank you. A lot of foreign friends</p>
<p>vaiguo pěngyou guanxīn vSmende &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;are concerned about our construction</p>
<p>Ji&amp;nshe, vSmen shi fěiching g&amp;nxiě- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nov, and ve<sup>T</sup>re very grateful for it.</p>
<p>de. Zhoziggu6 h&amp;i shi ylge hen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;China is still a poor country. We</p>
<p>qiSngde gu6jia， xuyao shijiě gegu6 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;need help from experts of every</p>
<p>zhuanjiazoende bangzhu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;country in the world.</p>
<p>A: Nln tii keqi le, nlmen gefang- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You're too polite. You<sup>1</sup>re still</p>
<p>miinde fazhSn sudu ht± shi xiang- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;developing quite rapidly in all areas•</p>
<p>dang kuaide. Erqie, zhoogdlSn fa- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And furthennore, you have quite a fev</p>
<p>zhSnde dlqū ye *bū shSo, v8 xlSng, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;key development regions. I believe</p>
<p>nlmen yao zhdngdlSn fazhSnde g5ng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;there are at least ten industrial</p>
<p>yequ qXmX y8u shlge. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;regions on vhich you are focusing</p>
<p>development.</p>
<p>B: Shi, y5u Bhlge. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, there are ten.</p>
<p>A: Chtale Běijīng, TiSnJīn, Sh&amp;nghSi, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Besides Beijīng<sub>f</sub> Tianjīn, Shajigh&amp;i<sub>f</sub></p>
<p>Daqlng yīviLi, NeimSng, Sh&amp;nxI, Si- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and Daqizig, Inner Mongolia, Sh&amp;nxī</p>
<p>chuan, zbeixie difang zdi zui Jin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and Sichuan vill all experience great</p>
<p>sfalni&amp;nli dou hui y5u hěn d&amp;de &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;changes in the next ten years，don’t</p>
<p>bi^nhua, dui *bu dui? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you think?</p>
<p>B: Nln biě v&amp;ngle<sub>f</sub> vSmende y&amp;nh&amp;i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don't forget that our coastal</p>
<p>yldii, zuiJIn Jlnifin Jinbu hSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;regions have made rapid progress in</p>
<p>kual o! T^bie shi GxiZngdong. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the last ten years, especially GuSng-</p>
<p>dong.</p>
<p>A: GuXngdongde qlng gongye yizhi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GuSngd5ng，s light industry has</p>
<p>shi bd huilde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;alvays been pretty good.</p>
<p>B: ZuiJIn, nirde shly6u gongye y? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Recently, their petroleum industry</p>
<p>gSode xiangdang bii cud, nln meiyou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;has been doing rather veil, haven't</p>
<p>tlngshuo ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you heard?</p>
<p>A: TīngshuS le. W8 zěnme hui ving- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, of course. Hov could I forget</p>
<p>le ZhSngguo hSivande shlyou ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;China<sup>1</sup> s gulf oil? And vhat is the</p>
<p>H&amp;i y8u, Yuzxninde tědiǎn shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;distinguishing feature of Ytonnin? shenme ne?</p>
<p>B: Shi Jlnshti gozigye. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The metal industry.</p>
<p>A: Nl keLz±aQ» Zhonggu6de qingkuang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Look, China<sup>1</sup> s situation is pretty</p>
<p>Wi cu3 ma! R£zif&amp;ngde Jīnshu gong* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The metal industry of the south is</p>
<p>ye fazhSnde geng kuii le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;developing even more quickly.</p>
<p>A: Zhei shi zhende. Sulrin vSmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That丨s true. Although our techni-</p>
<p>xliLnzilide Jishu liliang hSi hen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cai capability is still veak, ve must</p>
<p>ruň, keshi vSmen yiding del null &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;work hard to speed our development. jiikuii fazhSnde sidu.</p>
<p>A: Mei went!, Jlshlnilji yīhdude &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That<sup>r</sup>s no problem• In a fev decades</p>
<p>Zh5nggu6 yiding kěyi biancheng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sure China will become an economic</p>
<p>ylge JingJi qiangguS. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;power.</p>
<p>B: Xiexie nln, b1igu3 ySxu xuyāo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thank you, but perhaps it will take</p>
<p>gěng ch&amp;ng yidiXnrde shfjiān. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;more time than that.</p>
<p>A: Zhel yiding, yex5 Wi yio tk± &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Not necessarily, maybe it von’t be</p>
<p>changde shijian. Bifang shuo shi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;too long. Oil, for example. In 1950</p>
<p>y6u ba! Yl JiS wu ling ni^n, ni- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you vere tventy-ninth in the world in</p>
<p>mende shly6u ch&amp;oliang z^i shijiě- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;oil production, and nov~nov you<sup>1</sup> re</p>
<p>shang zhin diershijiǔtrei, xliLnzai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in eighth place!' ne, xlanz&amp;i shi dfbavěi la!</p>
<p>B: Shly6u g5ngye tebiě yidiSnr, pu- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ThTe oil industry is &amp;&nbsp;little spec-</p>
<p>blācde l&amp;i shu5, vSmen h£l ySu bii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ial. Generally speaking, ve.still</p>
<p>shSo vent! <sub>9</sub> zai xSduo fangzal&amp;n . &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have a lot of problems. We still</p>
<p>vSmen h£i dSl xue. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have to learn in a lot of areas.</p>
<p>A: B&lt;i yao kěqi, bd guSn shi shezmie &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don<sup>1</sup>1 &quot;be polite. No matter vhat</p>
<p>jishu věntl, rliguS shi w5 kěyi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the technical problem, if it，s some-</p>
<p>bang m&amp;ngde Jii qlzxg gāosu vo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;thing I can help with, please let me</p>
<p>lcnov.</p>
<p>B: Tili xiexie nln le. Shangcl nln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thank you so much. Remember you</p>
<p>bti shi shu5 xlSng du5 canguan Jīge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;said last time that you vould like to</p>
<p>gSogyequ ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;visit more industrial regions?</p>
<p>A: Shi &amp;, ySu měiyou kSněng? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right. Does it look possible?</p>
<p>B: YSu, llngdXo zheng z&amp;l anpai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, my superiors are arranging it</p>
<p>Nln f&amp;ngadCn l&gt;a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;right nov# Don't vorry!</p>
<p>A: Tai xiexie nlmen le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thank you so much.</p>
<p>B: Shljian &quot;bii zSo le, vSmen zhunběi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>f</sup>s almost time. Let’s get ready</p>
<p>shflLng chě ba! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to &quot;board the train.</p>
<p>A: HSo, zSu! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All right, let<sup>1</sup> s go!</p>
<p>Unit 5， Tape 2 Workbook</p>
<p>Exercise 1</p>
<p>This exercise is a review of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker vill say a sentence in English, folloved by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker vill confirm your ansver.</p>
<p>All sentences from the Reference List vill occur only once. You may vant to rewind the tape and practice this exercise several times.</p>
<p>Exercise 2</p>
<p>In this exercise, a Chinese engineer meets an American guest in the First Heavy-Duty Machine Factory in FulaerJI, Heilongjiang.</p>
<p>The conversation occurs only once. After listening to it completely, you,11 probably vant to rewind the tape and ansver the questions belov as you listen a second time.</p>
<p>Here are the nev vords and phrases you vill need to understand this conversation：</p>
<p>rang nln Jiu deng le &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>ve kept you vaiting</p>
<p>zSnggongchSngshl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chief engineer</p>
<p>Jianlt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to establish</p>
<p>Suli&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Soviet Union</p>
<p>hu£ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to spend, to escpend</p>
<p>ch&amp;Qg &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;factory</p>
<p>Questions for Exercise 2</p>
<p>Prepare your answers to these questions 'in Chinese so that you vill be able to give them orally in class.</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What does Mr. Sun write about?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When vas the factory founded?</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov much money did the government spend on the factory?</p>
<p>U. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When did Mr. Sun vork there?</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What prediction does Mr. Sun make about the factory?</p>
<p>After you have answered these questions yourself, you may vant to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also vant to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.</p>
<p>Note: The translations used in these dialogues axe meant to indicate the English functional equivalents for the Chinese sentences rather than the literal meaning of the Chinese.</p>
<p>Exercise 3</p>
<p>In this conversation, an American visitor talks to a young Chinese technician in his B?ijīng Hotel room.</p>
<p>Listen to the conversation once straight through. Then, on the second time through, look belov and ansver the questions.</p>
<p>Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:</p>
<p>ZhSnghuĀ Reziznln &amp;onghegu6 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the People<sup>1</sup> s Republic of China</p>
<p>guomln JingJi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;national econony</p>
<p>genzhe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;along vith, in the vake of</p>
<p>Jiu n£. Sichuan l£l shu5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;take Sichuan, for example</p>
<p>Questions for Exercise 3</p>
<p>Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you vill be able to give them orally in class.</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Why did the American visitor vant to talk to the Chinese technician?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov have light and heavy industry changed since 19“9?</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What is the policy vith regard to agricultural modernization?</p>
<p>k. What economic problem did Sichuan face In the seventies? Why?</p>
<p>After you have ansvered these questions yourself, you may vant to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also vant to listen to the conversation to help you practice saying the answers vhich you have prepared.</p>
<p>Exercise h</p>
<p>This dialogue takes place in ShanghSi<sup>f</sup>s Industrial Exhibition Hall.</p>
<p>An American talks to an exhibit guide about light and textile industry.</p>
<p>Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then revlnd the tape and listen ag&amp;ln. On the second time through, ansver the questions.</p>
<p>You vill need the follovlng nev vords and phrases:</p>
<p>fSngzhī gSngye &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;textile industry</p>
<p>nll6ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nylon</p>
<p>huaxian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;synthetic fiber</p>
<p>něidi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;interior region (of a country)</p>
<p>Jiangsu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(coastal province, formerly spelled</p>
<p>Kiangsu)</p>
<p>Questions for Exercise U</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What does the the exhibit guide say about the development of the textile industry?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Where did China's light industry begin?</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What industry has developed in Jiangsu province?</p>
<p>U. What does the exhibit guide say vill occur in the next fev years?</p>
<p>After you have ansvered these questions yourself, you may vant to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also vant to listen to the conversation again to help you pronounce your answers correctly.</p>
<p>Dialogue and Translation for Exercise &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2</p>
<p>In the foreign visitors<sup>1</sup> reception room of the First Heavy-Duty Machine</p>
<p>Factory in F{lla2rjl, Heilongjiaxig, an American guest (A) is sitting on the sofa,</p>
<p>leafing through a copy of the magazine China Reconstructs. A Chinese engineer</p>
<p>(B) walks in, carrying a briefcase under his arm.</p>
<p>B: Duibuql, duituqi, rang nin ,1iu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I<sup>f</sup>ve kept you</p>
<p>deng le&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vaiting. •</p>
<p>A: Měi shenme, v5 liile tū dao shi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That’s all right, I,ve been here</p>
<p>fen zh5ng. Nī Jiu shi Sun ZSng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;less than ten minutes. You must be</p>
<p>gSngchěngshī ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chief Engineer Sun?</p>
<p>B: W5 Jill sbl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That<sup>T</sup>s right.</p>
<p>A: Sun Xl&amp;nsheng, hen zSo ylqian vo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mr. Sun, I read your writings a ■</p>
<p>Jiu kanguo nlnde v$nzhang, nln dui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;long time ago. Your research in the</p>
<p>Jlxiě gongyede yinjiū zai guovai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;machine industry is very famous</p>
<p>shi hSn y5u mlngde• Jīntian n各ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;abroad. I*m very happy to be able</p>
<p>kindao nin, k&amp;ndao nlmende chang, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to meet you today and see the</p>
<p>v5 hen gaoxing. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;factory.</p>
<p>B: Xiexie nln. Zheige ching shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thank you. This factory of our丨</p>
<p>vǔshi ni&amp;ndal chū •Uānlide. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vas founded in the early fifties,</p>
<p>A: Na shi Xīn Zhonggu6 chěngli yl- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Then it vasn^ too long after Nev</p>
<p>hou bi Jiude shi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;China vas established.</p>
<p>B: Shide, shi zai diyīge v5ni£n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. It vas set up during the</p>
<p>J ihixazhong Jianlīde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;first five-yeeu: pl&amp;n.</p>
<p>A: Shi Suli&amp;n bang nlmen Jianshede &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Did the Soviet Union help you</p>
<p>ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;construct It?</p>
<p>B: Bfi. shi9 v&amp;nqu&amp;n shi Zhonggu6 rěn- No, it vas constructed completely</p>
<p>mln zljl Jianshede. Neige shihou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by the Chinese people themselves. At</p>
<p>zhengf&amp; ySngle liūge yi lii Jian- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that time the government spent six</p>
<p>she zheige chSng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hundred million to construct this</p>
<p>factory.</p>
<p>A: Liūge yi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Six hundred million?</p>
<p>B: Liū. yi R8nm£rib$. Neige shihou. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Six hundred million People's Curren-</p>
<p>w8men hen qi6ng» Heil6ngjiang you &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cy. At that time we vere very poor,</p>
<p>shi ylge bianjiang diqǔ, wSmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;nd Heilongjiang being a &quot;border region</p>
<p>zhen shi li&amp;n qinide Jishu tiao- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;on top of that, ve didn’t even have</p>
<p>Jian dou meiySu. KSshi zheige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the minimum technical conditions. But</p>
<p>ch&amp;ng Jiii zai DSngde lingdlo hě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;under the leadership of the Party and</p>
<p>dajiǎde nSli xia, f&amp;zhSnqilai le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vith the efforts of everyone, ve are</p>
<p>developing.</p>
<p>A: TīngshuS zai vushl niandai he &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I understand that in the fifties</p>
<p>liūshl nl&amp;ndai zheige chSng zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and sixties this factory held an im-</p>
<p>ZhongguiSde zhong gSngyeli zhan hen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;port ant place in China <sup>f</sup>s heavy indus-</p>
<p>zhdngy&amp;ode divei. Něige shfhou, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;try. Were you here at that time? nln z&amp;l zheige chSng ma?</p>
<p>B: Zai. C6ng zheige chang chěnglide &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes• I vas at this factory from</p>
<p>něi yitian yizhl dlo YI jiu liu liu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the day it was established up until</p>
<p>niSn， vS dou zai zheige chSng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1966.</p>
<p>A: Yīhou nln likai le? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And then you left?</p>
<p>B: Shide• Yizhl dao Yī Jiū qī qī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right. I didn’t come back until</p>
<p>ni&amp;n vS cai hullai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;19了了•</p>
<p>A: TīngshuS neige sh£hou zheige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I hear that at that time this fac-</p>
<p>chSngde mafan bu shSo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tory had a lot of trouble.</p>
<p>B: Heil6ngjiang suīran b&lt;i suan mafan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Heil6ngjiang wasn^ one of the</p>
<p>zui duode dlqū, danshi YI Jiu qī ql &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;regions vith the most trouble, but</p>
<p>nlinde shihou zheige chSngde sheng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in 19了了 this factory had to start</p>
<p>chin chabuduo shi cong ling kaishī. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;production just about from scratch.</p>
<p>A: Na yio hua hen d&amp;de liliang• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That must have taken a great effort.</p>
<p>B: Yidi&amp;nr ye bil cuo, WSmen huale &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Absolutely. We put a lot of effort</p>
<p>hen dade liliang Jianshe loiangqu, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;into building up mining areas and this</p>
<p>he zheige chSng. Zai qltade věn雌 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;factory^ We also expended a lot of</p>
<p>tlshang vSmen yě yongle bii shaode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;effort on other problems. liliang.</p>
<p>A: Shenmeyingde věntf ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What kinds of problems?</p>
<p>B: DlLjiade shenghu6 věntl, bifang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Problems of everyday living, for</p>
<p>shvS chi fin ventl, zhū f&amp;ngzlde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;example eating, housing* and so on. věntl shenmede•</p>
<p>A: Xiinzii zenmeying le? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And hov are things nov?</p>
<p>B: ZSngde l&amp;l shu5 xl&amp;nzii d5u gSo- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Generally speaking, things are</p>
<p>de b1i cud le. W8 xiang zti gu6 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pretty good now. I think in another</p>
<p>shlnlin<sub>v</sub> dio Jitishi ni&amp;ndāl<sub>t</sub> vSmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ten years^ by the nineties, our</p>
<p>zheige chSng hut zki quingu6 g5ng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;factory vill occupy an even more</p>
<p>yě shezigchSnzhong zhan geng zhōng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;important position in the nation<sup>1</sup> s</p>
<p>yaode dtvei. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;industrial production.</p>
<p>A: HSoJlie. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That<sup>f</sup>s great.</p>
<p>B: Xiansai v5 Ji\i pěi nin qu can- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Why don<sup>1</sup>1 I shov you around nov.</p>
<p>gnan ba, vSmen ytbian zou ytbian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We can talk as ve go，all right? t&amp;n, hSo bu hSo?</p>
<p>A: Hao! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All right.</p>
<p>B: Qlng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;After you.</p>
<p>Dialogue and Tranalatlon for Exercise 3</p>
<p>An American visitor (A) is reading in his room at the Beijing Hotel vhen</p>
<p>a young Chinese technician (B) vho has &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;been accompanying the American<sup>1</sup>s tour</p>
<p>group Icnocks at the door.</p>
<p>B: Kěyi jlnlai ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;May I come in?</p>
<p>A: Qlng Jin, kuai qlng jinlai zuo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Come in, please come in anjsit dovn.</p>
<p>B: Nln zhSo vo ySu shi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Was there something in particular</p>
<p>you wanted to see me about?</p>
<p>A: YidiSnr xiSo shi, v5 xiang he &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Just a small matter I wanted to</p>
<p>ni tantan. W8 k&amp;nle nlmen zhěi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;talk vith you about. I<sup>f</sup>ve read that</p>
<p>plan venzhang, tlnru shi <sup>ff</sup>Zhonghu£ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;article of yours called &quot;Thirty Years</p>
<p>Rgmnfn Gonghegu6de Sanshiniin. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of the People<sup>1</sup>s Republic of China*&quot;</p>
<p>W5 xiSng Jlngguole zhei sanshiniin- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I think that after the last thirty</p>
<p>de Jianshe， Zhongguo JīngJi shui- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;years of construction, China's econom*</p>
<p>ping y5ule hSn dide tigSo, bian- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ic level has risen a great deal. The</p>
<p>hua zhenshi bō. xlSo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;changes have been pretty Mg.</p>
<p>B: Blanhua shi bd xiSo, kěshi mū- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The changes are big， but at present</p>
<p>qian vSmende JingJi liliang hai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;our economic pover is still much veak-</p>
<p>shi bl xuduS xianjin gu6jia ruode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;er than many advanced countries. We</p>
<p>du5, hti ySu hen du5 gongzuo yao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;still have a lot of vork to do. zub.</p>
<p>A: Wenzhangll shu5, c6ng shēngchSn- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the article it says that from the</p>
<p>shang kan, YI Jiu si Jiu niande &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;point of view of production, in 19^9</p>
<p>qlng zhdng gongye z&amp;i gu6mln .līng* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;light and heavy industry only occupied</p>
<p>Jill zhl zh^n b&amp;lfenzhī s&amp;nshi, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;thirty percent in the national economy,</p>
<p>xiinzii yljīng zh^n <sup>,</sup>bXifen2hI ql- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lout nov they occupy seventy-five per-</p>
<p>shivS. Zheiyang fazbSnxi^q^» n6ng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cent. If things keep developing this</p>
<p>ye, qīng gSngye, zhdng gongyede &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vay, vhat vill happen to the relation霸</p>
<p>gu&amp;nxi z$nnieySng ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ship between agriculture, light industry, and heavy industry?</p>
<p>B: ZheiyldlXn, vSmen hSn fangxīn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We<sup>1</sup>re not at all worried about that,</p>
<p>Xi&amp;nzc^t gSohXo Sige Xi&amp;idāihuS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right nov, doing a good Jo&quot;b of the</p>
<p>shi qu&amp;ngu6 renmlnde zhongxīn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Four Modernizations is the central</p>
<p>gongzud. Zil Sige Xiatndiihuali, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;task of the people of the vhole coun-</p>
<p>n6ngyě xlanddihud shi diyljian di &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;try. In the Four Modernizations,</p>
<p>shi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;agricultural modernization is the</p>
<p>first big Job.</p>
<p>A: Zheige zhengce shi duide. Jin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That policy is right. It has only</p>
<p>JlnlSa l&amp;i nongyě ySule fazhǎn, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;been because there has been develop-</p>
<p>qlng gongye, zhdng gongye cai neng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ment in agriculture in the last fev</p>
<p>genzhe fazhSn. Nōngyě xiandaihui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;years that light and heavy industry</p>
<p>shi yfge JīngJi qiangguǒ zui qīma- have been able to develop along vith de ti&amp;ojian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it. Agricultural modernization is</p>
<p>the minimum requirement for an economic pover.</p>
<p>B: Shi a! Jiū n£ Sichuan lai shuo, ThaVs right. Take Sichuan, for zīyuan name duo, kěshi zai qlshi example. It<sup>f</sup>s so full of resources, niandai, gongye shengchSn Jiū shi yet in-the seventies, industrial shangbuqil, hai &quot;bu shi yīnvei nong- production Just couldn^t go up: again, yě shengchSu you vent I. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it vas on account of problems vith</p>
<p>agricultural production.</p>
<p>A: Shi ma. Sichuan rěnkou zai quan- Sure. The population of Sichuaji is guo zhan dlylvěi, chī fan věntl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in first place in the vhole country,</p>
<p>shi ge da věntl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The food problem is a big one.</p>
<p>B: Jin Jīnian, Sichuan qingkuang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In recent years there have been big</p>
<p>bianhua hen da. Nln zhěici y5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;changes in the situation in Sichuan«</p>
<p>Jīhui qu Sichuan ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Will you have the chance to go to</p>
<p>Sichuan this trip?</p>
<p>A: Y8u, nln ne, nln y&lt;5n meiyou sbl- Yes, and you? Do you have the Jian qi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;time to go?</p>
<p>B: LīngdSo h&amp;i mei shuo, biiguo vS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The leadership hasn’t said yet, but</p>
<p>xlSng d^gāi y8u jīhui, c6ngqian v5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I think I<sup>f</sup>ll probably have the chance,</p>
<p>zai Sichuan gongzuoguo liSjagni&amp;n, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I once worked in Sichuan for tvo</p>
<p>yexu v5 kěyi gei nlmen Jiěshao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;years. Maybe I could fill you in on</p><h5>Jieahao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it,</h5>
<p>B: Na tai gSnxie le. Guanyl vS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We<sup>f</sup>d be so grateful if you could,</p>
<p>gangc&amp;i k&amp;nde n^ipian v^nzhang, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;About that article I Just read: I</p>
<p>vS Juěde hen y5u yisi, biiguo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;find it very interesting, but I often</p>
<p>ch&amp;zigch&amp;ng y5u xlSode věntl» del &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have lit/tle questions 工 have to</p>
<p>m&amp;fan nlmen. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bother you vith.</p>
<p>B: Mei věntl, v3 hen gaoxing hi nin That's no problem. It^s my pleasure duo tintan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to talk vith you.</p>
<p>Dialogue and Translation for Exercise k</p>
<p>This coznrersatiozi takes place In the ShanghSi Industrial Exhibition</p>
<p>Hall. An American (A) visiting the Hall of Light Industry and Textile Industry</p>
<p>talks vith one of the exhibit guides (B).</p>
<p>B: Nln h&amp;l y5u shenme věntl ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you have any more questions?</p>
<p>A: Y5u ylge xiSo věntl. Sh&amp;nghSide I have one small question. When did iīqi fSngzhī gSngye shi shenme &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ShanghSi<sup>f</sup>s machine textile industry</p>
<p>shihou klishlde? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;first come into being?</p>
<p>B: Hen zSo yīqi£n Jiu youle. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It started a long time ago.</p>
<p>A: Name<sub>t</sub> zheme duo al&amp;n lii<sub>9</sub> zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Well, over all these years, has the</p>
<p>jishu fangmlonde fazhSn shi bu shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;technological development been very</p>
<p>hSn Ini&amp;l ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rapid?</p>
<p>B: W5 xiSng cbuintSng fSngzhī gong- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>d say the traditional textile</p>
<p>yě fazh&amp;nde Td&lt;i man, kěshi Dil6ng&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;industry has developed rather rapidly,</p>
<p>huaxian yllěide, fazh&amp;nde bti gou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;but such things as nylon and synthet-</p>
<p>kuai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ic fibers haven<sup>f</sup> t developed fast</p>
<p>enough.</p>
<p>A: W5 tlngshuo, Zbonggu6de qīng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I understand that China’s light</p>
<p>gongye guoqū dou zii yanhai, xiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;industry used to be all on the coast,</p>
<p>Tianjin, Sb&amp;nghSl, Gu&amp;ngdong yldai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for example in the region of Tianjin,</p>
<p>Xianzai něidtde qlzigxlng shi *bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ShanghSi, and GuSngdong. Has the</p>
<p>shi di&amp;nhua ye hěn da le ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;situation in the interior also changed</p>
<p>a great deal nov?</p>
<p>A: Shide» gedi qlngkuljig bu t6ng, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. The situation differs from</p>
<p>bllgud y5u ylge qlngkuaLng shi gědi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;place to place, but there<sup>f</sup>s one thing</p>
<p>dou ySude. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that<sup>f</sup> s the same everyvhere.</p>
<p>A: Shenme qingkuang? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What<sup>f</sup>a that?</p>
<p>B: C6ngqian shi nongyeqūde dlfang, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A lot of places that used to be</p>
<p>xianzai y5u hen duo dou fāzh&amp;n- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;agricultural regions have nov started</p>
<p>qilai le, ySule qīng gongye, ySude &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to develop<sub>f</sub> and have light industry,</p>
<p>hfii youle zhong gongye. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;or even heavy industry.</p>
<p>A: Shi a! Jiangsu y? shi ylying ma， &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yea! Jiangsu is the same. A large</p>
<p>dade Jīnshu gSngye ye fazhǎnqilai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;metal industry has developed there, le.</p>
<p>B: Zai gud J Ini an hSivan shlyou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In another few years the gulf oil</p>
<p>gongye da fazhSn» Shanghai, Tian- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;industry vill develop greatly. Then</p>
<p>Jin, Gu&amp;ngdSng, GuSngxī yldai Jiii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ShanghSi» Tianjin, Guangdong, and</p>
<p>geng renao le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GuSngxī vill be even busier.</p>
<p>A: Zhende, dao neige shihou, Shang- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Really, vhen that time comes, Shanghai Jiu geng pi&amp;oli&amp;rxg le. W5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hSi vill be even prettier. I have to yiding yao z&amp;i l&amp;l canguan, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;come back to visit it again.</p>
<p>B: HSo a! Huaxqrlzig nln zai lai! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fine! You* 11 be most welcome!</p><img src="0261-FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook_files/0261-FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook-7.png" style="width:399pt;height:605pt;"/><img src="0261-FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook_files/0261-FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook-8.png" style="width:370pt;height:603pt;"/>
<p>Unit 6, Reference List</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a： h&amp;i fttza, xueqilai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chinese is very complicated-. It</p>
<p>dig&amp;i hSn ninTl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;must be very difficult to study?!</p>
<p>B: Fangxln ba! WS xiangxin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don't worry! I’m convinced you</p>
<p>nl kěyi xuede hen h£o. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;can learn it very veil.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Zhongdongde YIsIlSnJiao he &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is the Islam of the Middle East</p>
<p>Xīnjiǎngde Yīsīlinjiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;very different from the Islam</p>
<p>shi bu shi hSn bū ylyaLng? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of Xinjiang?</p>
<p>B: Zhei shi ylge xiangdang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This is a very difficult question,</p>
<p>fuzade vent!, vSmen kěyi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We can discuss it. tSolun tSolun.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Xinjiang he neidi shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When vas Xinjiang united vith the</p>
<p>shenme shihou tSngyTde? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;interior?</p>
<p>B: Ng...diyīci tSngyl chabuduo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Uh...the first time they were</p>
<p>shi g5ngyu6n ql£n liilshi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;unified vas in about 60 B.C. ni£nde shihou.</p>
<p>U. A: Ji?fing ZhsLnzhengcLe shihou, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;During the War of Liberation,</p>
<p>Jjgfangjun Jiefingle &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the PLA liberated Xinjiang,</p>
<p>XīnJiang» shi bu shi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;right?</p>
<p>B: Xinjiang shi hoping Jiefitag- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Xinjiang vas peacefully liberated,</p>
<p>de, Ji2fingjūn shi siJiu- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The PLA went to Xinjiang in</p>
<p>ni^n diio Xinjiang qide. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;19^9.*</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: WSge zizhigude shSnghu6 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are living conditions in the five</p>
<p>qingkuang he něidi cha &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;autonomous regions very different</p>
<p>hSn duS ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;from those in the interior?</p>
<p>B: Ng, zhiSyao shi 3l5ot5ng b{j &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Well, it<sup>f</sup>s mainly that transporta-</p>
<p>fangbiEn. Biede shenghu6 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tion is difficult. As for other</p>
<p>fangmian me, y? chai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;aspects of daily life, they<sup>1</sup> re</p>
<p>yldlSzir. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;somevhat &quot;belov standard too.</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: TSaen 丨hi dlo ShinghSi qtl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Did they go to ShānghSi on</p>
<p>chu chai ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;business?</p>
<p>B: Bi, bd shi fang jia le ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No. We*re on vacation nov,</p>
<p>YSude ganbude Jia zki &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;remember? Some of the cadres<sup>1</sup></p>
<p>ShanghSi, tamen huf jia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;families are in ShanghSi, so</p>
<p>qil k&amp;nkan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;they vent home to visit.</p>
<p>•The tapes for this unit incorrectly give the date as 1950. The PLA entered Xinjiang In October 19“9, and the vhole province vas &quot;liberated&quot; by April 1950.</p>
<p>了. A: Tz! Zhěitiao ditSa zhen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ah! This carpet is just beauti-</p>
<p>m吝i! Shi WěivHer dltSn ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ful! Is it a Uygur carpet?</p>
<p>B: Shi. Jiū 8hi z&amp;l nī zuotian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. It vas made in the factory</p>
<p>cangu&amp;nde nelge gongchSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you visited yesterday, zuode.</p>
<p>8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Nl kan, tiǎn gang liang,, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Look, it Just got light and the</p>
<p>Wěivděr n6ngw^Ti Jiu kāishl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Uygur peasants have already</p>
<p>g5ngzu3 le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;started to vork.</p>
<p>B: Gězň rěnmln dou zai da g5o &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sure, the people of all national-</p>
<p>shehuizhǔyi ma! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ities are going all out vith</p>
<p>socialism!</p>
<p>9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Tīngshuo Jīvěi gSngren Jiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;工 hear that some workers handed a</p>
<p>gei zhengfǔ jlben hen laode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fev very old books over to the</p>
<p>shū, nlmen kanguo le ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;government. Have you seen them?</p>
<p>B: Kanguo le. Dou shi guanyii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, They<sup>1</sup> re about racial and</p>
<p>zhSngzti věntl, lishl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;historical problems• They<sup>1</sup> re</p>
<p>ventlde, hen y5u yisi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;very interesting.</p>
<p>10. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Zheige diqude xiknaye name &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ThilB- region<sup>1</sup> s livestock farming</p>
<p>fSdfi! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is so veil developed!</p>
<p>B: Suoyi vSmen zai zhěr bajile &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That<sup>f</sup>s vhy ve<sup>f</sup>ve set up a lot of</p>
<p>hSojlge dit&amp;nch&amp;ng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;carpet factories here.</p>
<p>11. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Nlmende věnzi nfimc n&amp;n! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Your system of writing is so hard!</p>
<p>GSo věnhua Jiaoliil du6 bū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It makes cultural exchange so</p>
<p>r6ngyi• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;difficult!</p>
<p>B: Shěi shuode, vSmende věnzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Says vho! Aren’t ve changing</p>
<p>bň shi zai g&amp;i ma? Yue &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;our writing? The more ve</p>
<p>gSi yue Ji&amp;ndan ma! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;change it the simpler it is.</p>
<p>ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on tape)</p>
<p>12. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bianjiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;border area; borderland; frontier;</p>
<p>frontier region</p>
<p>Unit 6, Vocabulary List</p>
<p>bianjiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;border area; borderland; drontier;</p>
<p>frontier region</p>
<p>cha &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to differ; to be inferior, to be</p>
<p>poor, to be not up to standard</p>
<p>chSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;factory, plant</p>
<p>chū chai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to go avay on business</p>
<p>fang Jill &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to have vacation</p>
<p>fuzī. (fǔza) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be complicated</p>
<p>ganbu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cadre</p>
<p>gongchSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;factory, mill, plant， works</p>
<p>gongren &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;worker</p>
<p>gongyuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the common era; A*D•</p>
<p>gongyu^nhou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A • D •</p>
<p>gongyu^nqi&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.C.</p>
<p>Hanyu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Chinese language</p>
<p>heplng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;peace; to be peaceful</p>
<p>jiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to hand over, to give</p>
<p>-Jiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;religion, church (bound form)</p>
<p>Jiaoliti &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to exchange; exchange</p>
<p>JiaotSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;traffic; transportation; travel</p>
<p>Jiefangjūn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(People<sup>f</sup>s) Liberation Army, P.L.A.</p>
<p>liang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be light, to be bright</p>
<p>me (ma) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(pause marker)</p>
<p>mei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be beautiful</p>
<p>něidi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;interior (of a country)</p>
<p>n6ngmln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;peasant</p>
<p>shamo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;desert</p>
<p>tSoliin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to discuss</p>
<p>tian liing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;daybreak, dawn; to become light</p>
<p>tSngyl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to unite, to unify</p>
<p>Tz! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tsk (clicking sound vith several</p>
<p>different uses: disappointment, admiration, hesitation, etc.)</p>
<p>Weivlier &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Uygur (Uighur) nationality</p>
<p>věnzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;writing, script</p>
<p>xiangxin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to believe (in); to trust, to</p>
<p>be convinced (that)</p>
<p>xumuyě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;livestock fanning, animal husbandry</p>
<p>Yīsīlanjiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Islamic religion, Islam</p>
<p>ztianzhěng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>var</sup></p>
<p>Zhejiang (Zhejiang) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(province in eastern China,</p>
<p>formerly spelled Chekiang) Zhongdong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Middle East</p>
<p>zhSngsli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;race</p>
<p>-zbuyt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-ism, principle (bound form)</p>
<p>zlzhiqū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;autonomous region</p>
<p>nationality (bound form)</p>
<p>Unit 6, Reference Notes</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Hagyu h?n fSza, xuěqilai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chinese is very complicated. It</p>
<p>dagai hSn nīn?! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;must be very difficult to study?!</p>
<p>B: Fangxīn ba! WS xiangxin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don<sup>f</sup>t worry! I<sup>f</sup>m convinced you</p>
<p>nl kěyi xuede hěn hSo, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;can 'learn it very veil.</p>
<p>Notes on No, 1</p>
<p>Hanyǔ: <sup>ff</sup>Chinese language” This is more formal than Zhongvěn.</p>
<p>Shuo Zhongguo hua bU tai n&amp;n, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It isn't too hard to speak Chinese,</p>
<p>keshi yao xuehSLo Hanyfl Jiu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;but if you vant to master the</p>
<p>biji&amp;o nin le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chinese language, it is more dif</p>
<p>ficult.</p>
<p>WS li&amp;ngdlXn zhong y8u HanyS kě. I have Chinese class at tvo.</p>
<p>fttzĀ: <sup>n</sup>to be con^licated, to be con^lex” Also pronounced fňzfi.</p>
<p>Nil shi ylge f&amp;z£de vent!. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That<sup>f</sup>s a complicated question.</p>
<p>xlSnmdn: (1) &quot;to believe in, to have faith in&quot;</p>
<p>Ta xiangxin yfge hSn qlgu&amp;lde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He believes in a very strange</p>
<p>zongjlao• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;religion•</p>
<p>W5 bu xiangxin! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don<sup>f</sup>t believe it!</p>
<p>YTqiin renmen bu xiangxin zhěi- People didn<sup>f</sup>t used to believe in zhSng shuofS, xlitnz^l xiang* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;this explanation, but nov they</p>
<p>xln le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;do.</p>
<p>(2) (&amp;s used in IB) &quot;to be convinced, to be certain, to trust that •. •<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>W5 xiSngadn ta yfding zuode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>m certain that he will do a good</p>
<p>hSo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Job.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Zh5ngd5ngde Ylsllin^iao h各 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is the Islam of the Middle East</p>
<p>xtnjlinisde Yīsīlanjiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;very different from the Islam</p>
<p>shi bu shi hěn bu ylyang? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of Xinjiang?</p>
<p>B: Zhěi shi ylge xiangdang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This is a very difficult question,</p>
<p>f&amp;z&amp;de věntl, vSmen keyi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We can discuss it.</p>
<p>t&amp;olxlD tSolūn.</p>
<p>Notes on No. 2</p>
<p>ZhongdSng: <sup>w</sup>the Middle East&quot;</p>
<p>ZhongdSng dlqu y8u hSn duo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Middle East region has many</p>
<p>gufijil dōu dfill le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;countries vhich have become</p>
<p>independent.</p>
<p>Ylallttillio-? &quot;Islam” -Jiao, ”religion,” goes on the end of vords for different religions. The follovlng examples are for comparison, not for mesorination:</p>
<p>TiSnzhiljiio &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Catholicism</p>
<p>(<sup>n</sup>heaven-lord-religion<sup>w</sup>)</p>
<p>XīnJ iio (” Nev-religion 丨丨) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Protestantism</p>
<p>yfiutaljiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Judaism</p>
<p>Pfijilo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Buddhism</p>
<p>D^oJiiLo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Taoism (the popular religion, not</p>
<p>the philosophy)</p>
<p>XlnJiSng: The XīnJiang Uygur Autonomous Region, formerly knovn as Slnklazig or Chinese Turkestan, is China*s vestemmost area. The largest of the country^ autonomous regions and provinces, Xinjiang makes up one sixth of China’s total area. In this vast land of great natural beauty and sharp geographical contrasts, plentiful resources make conditions ideal for the development of industry, agriculture, and livestock farming,</p>
<p>Xinjiang has held an Important place in China<sup>f</sup>s politics and econosor since ancient times. In the days before the large-scale n&amp;rlg&amp;tion of the seas, Xinjiang vas crossed by the famous ”Silk Road，<sup>n</sup> by vhich economic and cultural ties vere maintained betveen China and other Asi&amp;n and European countries. During the Western H&amp;n period over tvo thousand years ago, incursions by the Xiongnfl (Hslungnu) led the Chinese central government to a policy of occupying the oasis cities of southern XlnJiSng as garrison posts.</p>
<p>XīnJ iang h&amp;s been Intimately connected vith China ever since that time, although their rel&amp;tio&amp;fl have often been turbulent • The Qlng dynasty made a proTlnce of XInJiing (the name means ”the New Dominion”）in l88U, From the Chinese revolution in 19U until 19^9* Xinjiang remained under authoritarian Chinese control at the same time that local nationalist forces vere also at vork. Communist Chinese forces &quot;liberated” XīnJ Iang from late 191*9 until the spring of 1950. Xinjiang became an autonomous region on October 1, 1955.</p>
<p>XīnJ iang is surrounded ty mountains: the Altay In the north; the Kunlun in the soxrth and vest; and the Tianshan Range, over 200 kilometers vide, vhich cuts across the center from east to vest. Betveen these mountain r&amp;nges are b&amp;Bins of TSTTlng Biz籲露• Soutbern Xlnjlaxig h&amp;s the Tarim Basin and northern Xinjiang the Dcnngarlan Basin. In addition there are smaller basins such as the HmH and Turf an Basins. All are veil-suited to agriculture and livestock farming. XīnJling fi&amp;e*vool sheep and Ylll horses are famous throughout China. Despite a harsh seven-month winter, the north has its herdsmen vho put their horses and sheep to graze on the vide grasslands for the brief summer. In the arid south, too, livestock herding Is a major occupation.</p>
<p>In agricultural areas, the dry climate makes irrigation indispensable; a full ninety percent of XīnJiang<sup>1</sup>s farmland is irrigated. The areas around Turpan and Haml are famous for their ^karez<sup>11</sup> (kSnrjlng) irrigation, a system for conveying water from sources under mountain slopes to farmland by means of man»made underground channels. Crops Include winter and spring vheat» cotton,</p>
<p>corn* rice and sHkvorma. But Xinjiang is most celebrated for its fruits—</p>
<p>rm丨(hSffiiguS) from Shanshan and seedless grapes from Turpan are available la season in B?ijlng's markets. The Tianshan and Altay Mountains, covered-vl他 evergreen forests» are rich in wildlife and in precious herbs vhich go-into the making of Chinese medicines. XīnJiang has important deposits of petroleum (especially at Karamay CKelamSylD) • coal, iron, gold, Jade, and uranium (in the Altay Mountains) • The main industries are petroleum, metallurgy, coal, electric pover, chemicals, construction materials, textiles, and sug&amp;r refining.</p>
<p>About half the population of Xinjiang is of the Uygur (Uighur) nationality (see the note on Wěiv^?r, ^Uygur，’，under number 了），and over forty percent are HSn Chinese. The rest of the population belongs to one of these ethnic groups： Kazak (Kazakh), Hui (Chinese Moslem), Mongol, Kergez (Kirghiz), Xi'bo (Sibo), Tajik (Tadzhik), Uzbek, Manchu, Daur (Tahur), and Tartar (Tatar). There are also several hundred Russians. In the north of XīnJ iang there is a Han majority, and in the south, a Uygur majority. The capital Orumqi (WnlSniňql), vith a population of 800,000 (1980, est.), is the region's center for industry, commerce, and transportation. Xinjiang University in Orfimqi has departments of Chinese, government, history, foreign languages» math, physics, chemistry» biology, and geography. Kashgar (Chinese Kaahl)• anclenH gatevay of the silk trade<sub>f</sub> is still a commercial and craft center. KuldJ&amp; (Chinese Ylnfng) is a commercial center vhich produces leather and tobacco<sub>9</sub> and also has metallurgical and textile industry. Other cities of note are Kuytun (Chinese Kultūn), Hotan (Hěti£p), Shfhězi, and Yarkand (Shache).</p>
<p>tSolūn: A vert, &quot;to discuss,” or a noun, &quot;discussion.&quot;</p>
<p>RSnmen cbSngchSng tSolilzi shi_ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;People often discuss some very intcr-</p>
<p>Jiěshang ylxle y5u ylside &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;esting questions about the world,</p>
<p>věntf» kSshl shěi y5 bū zhī- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;but no one knovs of vhat use this</p>
<p>āix&gt; zheizhSng tSolīiii ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kind of discussion Is. shixmt ydng.</p>
<p>Neige rěn bti ki shuo hua, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That person doesn't like to talk.</p>
<p>c6ngl&amp;i bil can Jia tXol\in. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He never takes part in discussion.</p>
<p>T&amp;ol\jphui (<sup>n</sup>dl8CU88ion«meeting<sup>n</sup>) is a &quot;synposi皿•&quot;</p>
<p>3. A: Zlnjiing něidi shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When vas XlnJiSng united vith the</p>
<p>fthfaoM shihou tSngyldet &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;interior?</p>
<p>B: Hg...diyīci tSngyl chabuduo Uh...the first time they vere shi gongyu£n qian liClshf- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;unified vas in about 60 B.C.</p>
<p>nl&amp;nde shihou.</p>
<p>Notes on No. 3</p>
<p>něidt: <sup>n</sup>the intericr<sup>n</sup> of &amp;&nbsp;country; modifying a noun, neldi can be translated as &quot;inland•” e.g., neidi chěngshi, &quot;inland city•”</p>
<p>From the point of viev of Xinjiang, a &quot;border region, něidi refers to China proper; but from the point of view of B?ijlng, ShanghSi, or GuingzhSu，</p>
<p>neidi refers to Inland regions such as Sichuan.</p>
<p>Zhonggu6 dJtbilfen něidi cheng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In most inland cities of China,</p>
<p>shide gSngjre meiyou yinhSi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;industry is not as developed ad</p>
<p>chezigsbide name fad£. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in the coastal cities.</p>
<p>tSngyl： As a process verb, &quot;to become united&quot;:</p>
<p>Yuěnan xianzai tSngyī le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vietnam has nov been united.</p>
<p>As an action vert), ”to unite, to unify, to integrate”：</p>
<p>Qln Shīhu&amp;ng tSngylle Zh5nggu6. Qfn Shīhuang united China.*</p>
<p>g5ngyu£n and gSngyuĀn qi£n: ”A.D.” and ”B.C.&quot; Literally, g5ngyu£n is <sup>,,</sup>common&quot;™era<sup>īr</sup>™smd gōngynňn ql£n ^before the common era•”</p>
<p>gozigyu&amp;n qi&amp;n erbSiershiemiSn 222 B.C.</p>
<p>g5ngyu&amp;n s{l)Sisansbiliūnian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A• D• U36</p>
<p>gongyn&amp;n cbu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the &quot;beginning of the Christian era</p>
<p>U. A: Ji?f&amp;ng Zhanjhengde shihou, During the War of Liberation,</p>
<p>JjgfangJun Ji?fangle &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the PLA liberated XīnJIang,</p>
<p>Xlnjiangi shi bu shi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;right?</p>
<p>B: Xlnjiang shi hoping Jiefang- XīnJIang was peacefully liberated, de, Ji8fiLngJūn shi sijiS- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The PLA went to Xīnjl&amp;ng in</p>
<p>ni&amp;n dio Xinjiang qūde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;19^9.</p>
<p>Notes on Ho, U</p>
<p>Jiefangjūn： &quot;the Liberation Arny,&quot; short for Zh5nggu6 Rěnmln Ji?fang.1un&gt; the Chinese People<sup>1</sup>s Liberation Army, which in English is usually called the PLA.</p>
<p>heplng: <sup>f,</sup>peace<sup>ft</sup> (For the first example, you need to know 过，a formal word for &quot;ājid*&quot;)</p>
<p>Zh&amp;nzheng ytt Hfolng shi yfben Var and Peace is a very good novel.</p>
<p>~hSn hSode zlXoshuS.</p>
<p>Shijiě heplzigde went! shi gěguo World peace is a question of concern rěmnfn gu&amp;nxīnde vent!. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to the people of all nations.</p>
<p>In some idioms<sub>f</sub> hěp£ng can be used to modify a noun or a verb, Hěpfng ,1l?fang. ”peacefully liberate, is an example.</p>
<p>•In 221 B.C.</p>
<p>5 ‘ A: Wugc shenghu8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are living conditions in the five</p>
<p>qlngkuaLng he neidi cha &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;autonomous regions very different</p>
<p>hfc duo ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;from those in the interior?</p>
<p>B:- Rt sfaQyao shi .U&amp;otSng *bū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Well, it<sup>1</sup> s mainly that tranaporta-</p>
<p>fangbian. Biěde shenghuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tion is difficult. As for other</p>
<p>fangmian me, y? cha &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;aspects of daily life, they<sup>1</sup> re</p>
<p>yidiXnr. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;somevhat belov standard too.</p>
<p>ITotes on ITo. 5</p>
<p>zizhiqu: ^autonomous region^</p>
<p>Zhongguo dalxl y5u vǔge zlzhlqu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Chinese mainland has five</p>
<p>autonomous regions.*</p>
<p>Zlzhlqude remain dabufen shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The people of the autonomous</p>
<p>shSoshii mlnzū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;regions are mostly minority</p>
<p>nationalities•</p>
<p>cha: (1) (as used in 5A) &quot;to differ,” as in</p>
<p>B^lJīng shi Jian gen Niǔ Yue &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Beijing time aad New York time</p>
<p>shljl&amp;n cha shlsǎnge zhongtSu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;differ by thirteen hours.</p>
<p>(2) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(as used in 5B) &quot;to &quot;be inferior, to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;be poor, to &quot;be not up to standard”：</p>
<p>WSde Hanytt fayln *bl tade fayln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;My Chinese pronunciation is a little</p>
<p>cha yidlSn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vorse than his.</p>
<p>Zhlliang cha yidiin, b1i shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>1</sup> s not our responsibility that the</p>
<p>vSmende zěrěn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;quality is inferior.</p>
<p>孜eige difangde qlnglm&amp;ng zher &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Conditions in that place are much</p>
<p>chade duo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vorse than here.</p>
<p>WSmende gongzuS h£i cbada yuSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Our work is a long way from vhat it</p>
<p>ne. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;should be.</p>
<p>(3) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;ta lack&quot;</p>
<p>B6 gdtt<sub>f</sub> b&amp;l chi sange. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There arenH enough. There are still</p>
<p>three too fev.</p>
<p>•The five autonomous regions (AR) are</p>
<p>Neim?nggfi Zizhlqū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Inner Mongolia (or Nei Monggol) AP</p>
<p>līlngxla Hulzli Zlzhiqǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Nlngxl^ Hul AR</p>
<p>Xinjiang WeiwfiSr Zizhiqǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Xinjiang Uygur AR</p>
<p>Gu&amp;ngxI Zhuangzd Zlzhlqu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the GuSngxI Zhuang AR</p>
<p>Xīzeuig Zizhiqu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Tibet AR</p>
<p>JiaotSng; &quot;traffic,&quot; &quot;transportation”</p>
<p>Zhilide jliotSng bū anquan, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The traffic here isn’t safe. There</p>
<p>qichS til duS, kilde tai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;are too many cars, and they go •</p>
<p>leuii- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;too fast.</p>
<p>Qlng nl zhSo ylge Jlaotong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Please go get a traffic officer,</p>
<p>i^ngctik l&amp;l.</p>
<p>zhuvao shi• • •: &quot;it’s mainly that...,<sup>n</sup> or ”it’s mainly &quot;because.</p>
<p>Zhuyao shi Zhongguode l^ngdSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>f</sup>s mainly because China's leaders</p>
<p>rěn bi dSng JīngJi, gongye &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;do not understand economics that</p>
<p>fazh&amp;n c&amp;i nime man. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;industrial development has been</p>
<p>so slov.</p>
<p>me (also pronounced ma): ”as for,” ”•.veil,••.<sup>n</sup> This colloquial vord marks a pause and sets off the topic of a sentence. It is often used vhen the speaker is hesitating about exactly vhat to comment on the topic.</p>
<p>Ta zai v&amp;ixue fangmian me. • • &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the area of literature. • «he can</p>
<p>kěyi shuo hSn bil cuo, kSshl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;be said to be quite good, but he<sup>f</sup>a</p>
<p>sh^xuě fangmian kS zhen cha. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;really poor in mathematics•</p>
<p>Zhonggu6de zhdng gongye Jianshe As for China's heavy industrial me.•.zhei jXni&amp;n h£i suan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Construction.••it has not been</p>
<p>keyl le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;too bad the past fev years.</p>
<p>RtlguS ta bū yuanyi me, na Jiň If he's unvilling, veil, then let the suan le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;matter drop.</p>
<p>6. A: Tamen shi dao ShanghSi qi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Did they go to ShanghSi on</p>
<p>chu chai m&amp;? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;business?</p>
<p>B: Bū, Wi shi fang Jia le ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No. We<sup>f</sup>re on vacation nov,</p>
<p>YSude ganbude Jia zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;renenberT Some of the cadres<sup>1</sup></p>
<p>Shfaighll, tazaen huf Jia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;families are in ShanghSi<sub>9</sub> so</p>
<p>qi luLnkan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;they went home to visit.</p>
<p>Note8 on Ho, 6</p>
<p>chu chil; ”to go/be avay on official business” （For this exaiqjle, you need to knov Su^Hfaig, an abbreviation for Suzhou and H&amp;ngzh5u.)</p>
<p>Dajia d5u zXhuan chu chai qū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Everyone likes to go on business to</p>
<p>Su*H&amp;ng yldil, kěyi duo yixie the SūzhSu^HjLngzhou region, (because) Jīhui y6ulSn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;one can have more opportunities to</p>
<p>do sightseeing.</p>
<p>fang jlaL； &quot;to let out for vacation&quot; or <sup>n</sup>to have vacation, to *be on vacation Here are examples of the first meaning:</p>
<p>Nlmen zuexlib n?itian fang Jia? What day does your school let out</p>
<p>for vacation?</p>
<p>Fin* Jii le, nl zSrmie hai qu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vacation has started; vhy are you</p>
<p>slAng bin? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;still going to work?</p>
<p>Here are examples referring to the state of teing on vacation:</p>
<p>Zheige lī*bai vSmen zai fang jia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This veek we are on vacation, ne.</p>
<p>Fang Jiade shihou vSmen cfii neng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We can only &quot;be together when we are</p>
<p>z&amp;l yiql. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;on vacation.</p>
<p>The length of time the vacation lasts is expressed &quot;by a time phrase modifying the object Jia:</p>
<p>Qiinl&amp;n vSmen fangle sange li- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Last year ve had three veeks of</p>
<p>baide Jia, Jīnni&amp;n zhl f&amp;ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vacation, but this year ve only</p>
<p>liSngge Itbil. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have two veeks•</p>
<p>Shlyue yīhio<sub>9</sub> xuexiao f^zig &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Schools have one day of vacation</p>
<p>yitian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;on October 1.</p>
<p>bfi shi.• .ma?; This has both a literal and a rhetorical uae. In 6B you see the rhetorical use.</p>
<p>(1) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Literal use: &quot;isn’t&quot;.?, don’t.&quot;?,” etc.</p>
<p>(2) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Rhetorical use: <sup>n</sup>yon know, you vill recall, remember&quot; Use this to remind the listener of a fact you knov he is aware of (although he may have forgotten it).</p>
<p>Contrast the literal and rhetorical use of this pattern:</p>
<p>LITERAL: NX Wi shi y5u ylge melmei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don<sup>f</sup>t you have a younger sister</p>
<p>zki ShanghSi ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in ShānghSl? (CHECKING IHFORMATION)</p>
<p>RHETORICAL: W8 &quot;Wi 丨hi ySu ylge melmei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You<sup>1</sup>11 recall that I have a younger sil ShiLnghXi ma? sister in ShanghSi• (REMINDING)</p>
<p>Further ezaaiples:</p>
<p>(LITERAL)</p>
<p>Nt bti shi shu5 yao qi m&amp;7 ZSnme Didn,t you say you vere going to go? ySu bH qd le ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov come you aren<sup>f</sup>t going nov?</p>
<p>(RHETORICAL)</p>
<p>WS tti shi yljīng xievanle ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I,ve finished writing it, you know.</p>
<p>Weishezsne b&amp;i ring wo xle? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Why do you still vant me to write?</p>
<p>vS &quot;bfi shi gen nl sbuoguo ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Haven’t I told you? I have a meeting</p>
<p>W8 xiivtt yio kil hui, mei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;this afternoon and don<sup>f</sup>t have time, shljian*</p>
<p>Xiale diantl, ving you z8u, WS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When you get off the elevator and go</p>
<p>shi y?5u. ge canting ma? WSmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to the right, there<sup>1</sup> s a restaurant,</p>
<p>jixi zai nar Jian mi an, h&amp;o &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you knov? We<sup>1</sup>11 meet there, okay? bu hXo?</p>
<p>Btl shi ma? may also be put onto the end of a sentence:</p>
<p>WSmen fāng iii le, Wi shi ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We<sup>1</sup>re on vacation, remember?</p>
<p>了. A: Tz! Zheitiio dītSn zhen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ah! This carpet is Just beauti-</p>
<p>m答i! Shi W^ivtx^r dlt&amp;n ma? ful! Is it a Uygur carpet?</p>
<p>B: Shi. Jiīl shi z盔i nl zu6tian Yes. It vas made in the factory cǎnguande neige gSngch&amp;ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you visited yesterday,</p>
<p>zudde.</p>
<p>Notes on No. T</p>
<p>Tz! t Thin sound Is Just like the clicking of the tongue sometimes vritten in English as ”Tsk•” As In English, it can .be used to express disappointment or chiding, &quot;but in Chinese it c&amp;n also &quot;be used to express admiration，as vhen describing a beautiful house, a dish of food, or a smartly dressed person.</p>
<p>m&lt;6i: ”to *be beautiful<sup>w</sup></p>
<p>Xi&amp; dJk xuS le» nl k&amp;n vailjian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It has snoved a lot. Look at hov</p>
<p>du6 io2i* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;beautiful it is outside.</p>
<p>Zhaopiinshaog ta zhen mSl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She looks beautiful in the photograph.</p>
<p>VeivH^rt The Uygur, or Uighur, a Turkic people vho, vith &amp;&nbsp;population of six million<sub>9</sub> constitute one of China's largest national minorities• Their early history, like that of other peoples of central Asia, Is unrecorded.</p>
<p>Some scholars have hypothesized that their origins vere Indo-European rather than Turkic. At ujr rate, they emerge into the light of history in the Tfing dynasty. At that tise, they vere a nomadic people veil knovn to the Chinese; in fact, they helped the T&amp;ng overthrow a hostile Turkic empire in Mongolia in 7UU. The Ujgors, in turn, established an einpirc in the area, but this lasted only until 8U0, vhen the vild Kergez sacked their capital and killed their khan. A portion of their population then migrated vestvard to the oases of the Tarim B&amp;sin. There, they mixed vith the local Turkic population, and although the Uygur racial strain dominated» they adopted the Turkic language and no longer called themselves Uygurs. Gradually* their occupation shifted from nomadic herding to farming. The resulting stability alloved a great development in their literature and arts, especially song &amp;nd dance. In the tenth century, closer contact vith merchants, travelers<sub>f</sub> and settlers from the Middle East stimulated their conversion to Islam, a process vhich took several centuries to complete.</p>
<p>Modern times have vltness«d the emergence of Uygur nationalism, reflected in their official readoptlon of the historical name ^gur&quot; earlier in this century, Uygur leaders have often resisted control &quot;by outside povers, and eren attenqpted to establish an independent republic in the region. Under Chinese authority today, the Uygurs, vho remain for the most part a farming people living and marrying vlthln the village unit, have a limited degree of regional autonomy and are guaranteed cultural freedom and linguistic rights by the PRC Constitution.</p>
<p>8. A: Nl kin, tian gang liSng, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Look, it Just got light and the</p>
<p>WeivH?r nongmln Jiu kaishi Uygur peasants have already gongzuo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;started to vork.</p>
<p>B: Gězfi renznln dou zai da g&amp;o &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sure, the people of all national-</p>
<p>3hehulzh5yi ma! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ities are going all out vith</p>
<p>socialism!</p>
<p>Notes op Ho* 8</p>
<p>liang: &quot;to be &quot;bright, to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;be light&quot; or &quot;to be shiny”</p>
<p>Zheige deng liang le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This light won't go on.</p>
<p>Nlde xīn chezl zhen liang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Your nev car Is really shiny!</p>
<p>Tian lleLng means &quot;to get light &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;out” or <sup>n</sup>daybreak, dawn”：</p>
<p>Tian lleLng yXh6u<sub>f</sub> jiSshang Jiu After it got light out, the streets re'naoqllal le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;started to liven up.</p>
<p>Tl&amp;n lleLng ylqi&amp;i neng die ma? Can ve get there before davn?</p>
<p>• • • •lid. • •: <sup>n</sup>Just (hardly). • .and already.. .<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>TS gang dixa^ tiyě Jiii āio &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He vent to the Northwest vhen he</p>
<p>XTb?i qū le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;had Jtist graduated from college.</p>
<p>Zheige h&amp;iti gang l&amp;i M!igu6 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It h&amp;s been tarely three months</p>
<p>sange yud, Jld hui shu5 tū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;since this child ^ame to the U.S.,</p>
<p>shlo TXngven le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;nd already she can speak &amp;&nbsp;lot</p>
<p>of English.</p>
<p>Zhdige xuiql gang kaishi, vSmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The semester had barely started vhen</p>
<p>Jii Ju^de hSoxi^ng guSle hSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ve felt as if &amp;&nbsp;long time had</p>
<p>ch&amp;ng shljian le* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;already p&amp;ssed.</p>
<p>n6ngnln: &quot;peasant,” as contrasted vith non_ideological terms like nfinRfu, <sup>n</sup>farmer,&quot; or n6ngye gSngren, <sup>w</sup>agricultxir&amp;l worker•”</p>
<p>Zhonggu6de n6ngmln zhan qn&amp;ngdS China's peasants make up 80 percent renk5ude Taiifenzhl bashi* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of the population of the vhole</p>
<p>country.</p>
<p>&quot;nationality,” &amp;s in VeivfiSrzti, ^the Uygur nationality,” Hānzfi, <sup>n</sup>the Ean nationality,<sup>rt</sup> MfaggSzH, &quot;the Monggol (Mongolian) nationalityT&quot;~</p>
<p>-zhuyj： ”doctrin•” or &quot;-isa,” as in GSngch&amp;nzhgyi, &quot;Communism”； hepfnezh^¥, ”pacifism”； mlnzlazhuyi• <sup>w</sup>nationalism<sup>11</sup>; D存rv爸nzhOyl, <sup>n</sup>Darvinism.<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>di g^o shehulzhSyi: ”go all out vith socialism; engage in socialism in a big vay<sup>n</sup> The adjectival verb da, <sup>,f</sup>to be large,&quot; is used here as an adverb.</p>
<p>CAdverbs modify verbs or other adverbs. 1 When so used, it means <sup>f,</sup>in a big vay” or &quot;go all out vith (doing something)&quot;:</p>
<p>Jlehūnde shihou y? b&lt;i yao da &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Even vhen one gets married, one</p>
<p>chi da he. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shouldn^ put on &amp;&nbsp;great feast.</p>
<p>”DS BcLq NSngyě.<sup>n</sup> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;^Make Great Efforts to Develop</p>
<p>Agriculture.<sup>n</sup> (slogan)</p>
<p>9. A: TīngshuS Jlvei gSngren Jiao I hear that some workers handed &amp;&nbsp;gSl zhengfH Jtben hSn l&amp;ode few very old books over to the shu, nlmen kanguo le m&amp;? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;government• Have you seen themt</p>
<p>B: Kanguo le. Dou shi guānyll Yes, They<sup>f</sup>re about racial and zhSngzil vcrrti^ lishl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;historical problems • They<sup>1</sup> re</p>
<p>ventlde, hSn y8u yisi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;very Interesting.</p>
<p>Notes on No. 9</p>
<p>gongren: This is the general term for &quot;worker” in the sense of a vage-* earning laborer. (GcngzudzhS, vhich you learned in Unit does not imply manual labor; it sljnply means someone vbo vorks in a particular field, such as education or archeology.) Examples: shiy6u gSngren, &quot;oil worker&quot;; nfingye gSngren, &quot;agricultural vorker,&quot; for example, a vage霉earning worker on a state farm; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gSngren^ &quot;railroad worker.&quot;</p>
<p>Jiao： &quot;to hand over, to give&quot; Jiao qiĀn is &quot;to p町” (a fee or bill, especially one vhich is due regularly)•</p>
<p>WJ5 h&amp;i mfii Jiao zheige sruede &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I haven't paid this month's rent</p>
<p>f&amp;ngzu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yet.</p>
<p>Jiao g^i v8me&amp; ba! Hi fangxln Leave it to us! Don't vorry about hSo le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it! (Here Jiao refers to turning</p>
<p>over a task to someone.)</p>
<p>zhSngzfi: ”race&quot; or &quot;racial” Examples' are HufcigzhSngrěn. &quot;people of the yellov (Oriental) race,” Hei2h8ngren&gt; &quot;people of the black race,&quot; and BiizhSng-rěn, &quot;people of the white race.</p>
<p>10. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: 22ieige dlqūde xumuye nSmc &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This region's livestock farming</p>
<p>fidtī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is so veil developed!</p>
<p>B: Sufijrl vSmen zai zhěr banle That<sup>f</sup>s why ve<sup>f</sup>ve set up a lot of bXojlge dtt&amp;nch&amp;ng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;carpet factories here.</p>
<p>Notes on No. 10</p>
<p>Su6yi • • • : Notice that vhen stressed ut the beginning of a sentence, su6yl is translated as ”That<sup>f</sup>3 vhy • • • •”</p>
<p>ch塞and g5ngchSn&gt;g: G5ngch&amp;ng (introduced in No. 7 above) is the generic term for a factory or plant. If you vere talking about the installations in an area and wanted to say that there were schools» factories, and hospitals, you vould use gōngch&amp;ng. ChSng• on the other hand, is only used in specific contexts. If you are talking about a specific factory, you can say &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for <sup>n</sup>in the factory.A worker can say vgmen chSn^ for <sup>n</sup>our fac-</p>
<p>toryT^You can also use chSng in certain compound nouns vhich specify vhat the factory makes, as in dit&amp;nch&amp;ng.</p>
<p>11. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Nlmende vepzt name nfin! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Your system of writing is so hard!</p>
<p>GXo venhua .liaoli仓 du6 *b{l It makes cultural exchange so r6ngyl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;difficult!</p>
<p>B: Shei shuSde， vSmende venzi Says vbo! Aren<sup>f</sup>t ve changing bū shi zai gSi ma? Yuě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;our writing? The more ve</p>
<p>gSl yu« JiSndan na! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ch&amp;zige it the simpler it Is.</p>
<p>Notes on No. 11</p>
<p>venzi： &quot;writing,” &quot;vritten language,” &quot;script,&quot; <sup>n</sup>system of writing&quot;</p>
<p>For example, a member of China's Cossnlttee for Reform of the Written Language vould be a venzi g5ngzu5zh8, &quot;written language vorker.<sup>w</sup></p>
<p>Jlaoim； &quot;to exchange&quot; or &quot;an exchange &quot;interchange&quot; This is only used to refer to a back-aad-forth flov of culture, technology, experience, thought<sub>9</sub> and so forth. <sup>n</sup>To exchange&quot; one thing for another is huan Cor •1 lSohnan In formal contexts sǔcb as the exch&amp;nge of vievs or of prisoners].</p>
<p>shěi shuSde: &quot;Says vho!” This is strictly informal and could be taken as hapollt^ If used in an inappropriate context •</p>
<p><sup>w</sup>in the process of changing&quot;</p>
<p>b&lt;l shi . . . ma?: This is another example of the rhetorical use of this pattern (see the Notes on No. 6): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;changing our writing, aren,t ve?!”</p>
<p>ADDITIOHAL RE9JIBED VOCABULARY</p>
<p>12. biSnJiin* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;border area; &quot;borderland; frontier;</p>
<p>frontier region</p>
<p>bianjiang: &quot;frontier region, &quot;border region&quot; This refers to the area inside the border. Bian.1ie refers more specifically to the border or boundary itself.</p>
<p>Unit 6, Revlev Dialogue</p>
<p>In a soft berth car on the express train from Beijing to Orūmqi (Wulu-nriql) ia the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, an American ethnologist, Gall Griffith (O) <sub>f</sub> is standing in the corridor looking out the vindov at the passing scenery. Ll Ming (L)，a cadre in the Ministry of Foreign Trade, steps out of the neighboring compartment, a glass of tea in his hand.</p>
<p>L: Zaoshang hSo! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Good morning!</p>
<p>G; ZSo shang hSo! Nln guixing? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Good morning! May I ask your name?</p>
<p>L: WS xing Ll, zai Beijing wS Jian- My name is Ll. I met you in Beijing, guo xiln.</p>
<p>G: Zai B?ijīng? Shenme difemgr? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In Běijīng? Where?</p>
<p>L: Qlyuě eihko vSnsbang, zai MeiguS On the evening of July fourth, at DashiguSn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the American Embassy.</p>
<p>G: A! Qlyuě sfh&amp;o, něitian y5u name Ah! July fourth. There vere so duo ren<sub>f</sub> v5 bfi jide le. Nln zai many people that day, I don’t nSr gSngzud a? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ber. Where do you work?</p>
<p>L: V&amp;lmEobil. Nělti&amp;n, Walm^obūde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Ministry of Foreign Trade. That</p>
<p>ginbu qūle bil shSo, nln bii hid &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;day, a lot of cadres from the Ministry</p>
<p>jide le. W5 hSoxlang Jide nln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of Foreign Trade vent; you vouldn<sup>f</sup>t</p>
<p>shi gSo yǔy&amp;nxuede. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;remember. I seem to remember that you</p>
<p>are in linguistics.</p>
<p>G: Bd zhX shi yǔy&amp;nxue, vS h£i ySn- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Not only linguistics. I also study</p>
<p>Jiū lolnzli věntl» zhSngzIl věntl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;national and racial issues•</p>
<p>L: 0! Dio XīnJ iang qi yinj iu mlnzii Oh! Are you going to Xinjiang to ventl ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;do research on nationalities?</p>
<p>G: B讧,vS shi yiSng duo liSoJie &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No. I vant to get a better under-</p>
<p>yidiSnr Wěivfier věnhul he Zhong* standing of the relationship betveen dong venhuade guanzi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Uygur culture and Chinese culture.</p>
<p>L: 0! Zb^i kS shi ylge fǔz&amp;de věn- Oh! That<sup>f</sup>s certainly a complex tl, v8 bii shi lishl xuějia, guanyll question, I,m not a historian. On zhdlge se&gt; vS zhldaode bii til duo. that topic.. .1 don<sup>f</sup>t knov very much.</p>
<p>G: Nlmen s2ng bl vSmen zhīdaode du5, But you knov more than ve do, in Jiii qlng nln JiSngJiang ba. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any case，so please tell me about it.</p>
<p>L: W5 zhīdao cSrxgqian Weivuer rěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I know that the writing vhich the</p>
<p>yongde venzi shi Zh5ngdongde, yizhi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Uygurs used to use vas Middle Eastern.</p>
<p>diLo xianzai, z&amp;i XīnJ iǎng Weiwuer &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Even nov, they still teach the Uygur</p>
<p>Zlzhiqūde xuexlcudU haishi Jiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;language in the schools in the Xīn-</p>
<p>Wěivfierwen. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jiang Uygur Autonomous Region.</p>
<p>G: Najne ySu duoshSo WeivtlSr rěn dSzig &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Then hov many Uygurs understand</p>
<p>HinyS net &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chinese?</p>
<p>L: Di^&amp;l bl dla bXlfenzhl ěrshl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Probably fever than tventy percent.</p>
<p>G: Ng, hěn y8u yisi, nňme zhengfǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Em, very interesting. Then is the</p>
<p>zai zizhiqūde zhengce he něidi hěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;government<sup>f</sup> s policy in the autonomous</p>
<p>bii t6ng ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;region very different from In the</p>
<p>interior?</p>
<p>L: Wěivlěr ren dabufen xiangxin YI- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Most Uygurs believe in Islam. China</p>
<p>sīlfin Jiao. Zh5nggu6 ye shi zong- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is a country vith freedom of religion,</p>
<p>Jiao ziy6ude guňjia, suSyl zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;too. So in the area of policy, some</p>
<p>zhengcěshang hui y5u yixie he něi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ways of doing things are different</p>
<p>dl bO. t6ngde banfS. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;from in the interior.</p>
<p>G: Ng, vSmen zai hul dao venzi wen- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mm. Could ve go back to the ques儀</p>
<p>tlshang hSo bu hSo? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tion of the writing?</p>
<p>L： HSo a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sure!</p>
<p>G: TīngshuS xlcLnzeLi Wěivliervěn ySule &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I understand that the Uygur language</p>
<p>xīn venzi le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;now has a nev orthography.</p>
<p>L: YSu, xīn věnzl shi YI Jiu ql vu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, the nev orthography began to be</p>
<p>• nl&amp;c kaishi ydngde. ZheizhSng xīn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;uaěā in 1975. It<sup>f</sup>s easier to write,</p>
<p>věnzl xiěqil&amp;i rfingyl, c6ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and for people vho come to XīnJ iang</p>
<p>neidi lfii Xlnjiangde ren xueqilai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;from the interior, it<sup>f</sup>s much easier to</p>
<p>ye rfingyide duo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;learn.</p>
<p>G: YSule xīn venzi ylhěu Weiviierzti &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What do the Uygur people think nov</p>
<p>ren Juede zSnmeyang? Tamen hSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that they have the nev orthography?</p>
<p>gaoxizig m&amp;T &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are they very happy?</p>
<p>L: Zhoziggu6 shi ylge du5 mlnziide &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;China is a socialist family of many</p>
<p>shehulzhuyi di jiatlng, Wěivū^r &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nations. The Uygurs vant to be uni-</p>
<p>rěnmfn y? shi yio tSzigyīde ma! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fied, too! With the nev orthography,</p>
<p>YSule xīn venzi, HdnzH hi shSoshoi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cultural exchange 'between the Hans and</p>
<p>mlnzHde věnliud JiaoliH y? rfingyi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the minority nationalities has also</p>
<p>du5 le &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'become much easier!</p>
<p>G: Nl shuSde yBa dioli. Dut le, nl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You are right. Oh yes—can you tell</p>
<p>kS tu kiyl gibsu Xinjiang rěn- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;me about the population of Xinjiang? k5ude qln^oxiagr</p>
<p>L: XlinzflU. Xinjiang ySu JiǔbSivin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Xinjiang now has approximately nine</p>
<p>rěn xuSydu, yiliSu hut geng duo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;million people, and there vill 'be even</p>
<p>more in the future.</p>
<p>G: ShSoshu lolnzli ySu duSshao ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How many of that number are minority</p>
<p>nationalities?</p>
<p>L: Ch&amp;budu5 qlbSlduo van, ěrcie zhěi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Somewhere over seven million. And</p>
<p>q.rblidu5 van renll y8u shlsǎnge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;among these seven million people there</p>
<p>mliizlL. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;are thirteen nationalities.</p>
<p>G: 5u. . Xinjiang sh&amp;oshii mlnzli gen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh. Hov long has there been inter-</p>
<p>H&amp;nzlide Jiaollii ySu du6 Jiu le? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;change betveen the minority nationalities of Xinjiang and the Han people?</p>
<p>L: Xinjiang diqū he něidide JīngJi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Economic interchange betveen the</p>
<p>Jiooliti yljīng y5u Jlqi&amp;nniinde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Xinjiang region and the interior has</p>
<p>lishl le, yong venzi xiexialaide &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;been going on for several thousand</p>
<p>JīngJi venhua Jiaoliu shi cong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;years. Economic and cultural inter-</p>
<p>gSnoruAn qiin liubSi nian zu5- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;change vhich vas put dovn in writing</p>
<p>you kāishīde. Gongyuan qiln liu- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;began around 600 B.C. In 60 B.C.,</p>
<p>shf nian Jlngguě Jlci zhajizheng yi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;after several vars, Xinjiang vas united</p>
<p>hou Xinjiang he něidi tSngyl le, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;with the interior, and there began to</p>
<p>venhua, yishude Jiaoliu ye Jiu yuě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;be more and more cultural and artistic</p>
<p>lt± yue du5 le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;interchange.</p>
<p>G: W8 tīng8hu5 Jiefang ylhou ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I understand that many people have</p>
<p>hen du5 ren ban dao Xinjiang lai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;moved to Xinjiang since liberation. zhyi le.</p>
<p>L: YI Jiu vu llzig niin, Xinjiang he- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In 1950, Xinjiang vas peacefully</p>
<p>ping JiSfingJun daole &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;liberated. After the PLA arrived here,</p>
<p>zheli ylhou Jii he zheige difangde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;they carried on economic construction</p>
<p>n6ngmln yiql gSo JingJi Jiinshe. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;with the peasants. Since 1962, every</p>
<p>YI Jiu lid ěr nian ylhou meiniin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;year, a lot of young people have come</p>
<p>dou ySu hen duo nlinqīng ren dao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;here. Back then, life In the border</p>
<p>zheli 1 玫i, nei shihou biāzijlangde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;region vas nmch vorse than in the</p>
<p>shenghu6 bl neidi chelde du5, xiin- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;interior; but now, construction has</p>
<p>zai Jianshede bd cuo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;been pretty veil carried out.</p>
<p>G: Nime zheixie Jianshe bianjiangde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And vhere have all these young</p>
<p>ni&amp;nqīng rěn dou shi c6ng nSr lii- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;people vho are carrying on the con-</p>
<p>de ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;struction of the borderlands come</p>
<p>from?</p>
<p>L: Duobinr shi TiSnJīn, BSiJIsg, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Most of them are youth from Tianjin,</p>
<p>Sh^ngb&amp;l, ZhěJi&amp;ngde qīngnl&amp;i. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Běijīng, Shanghii, and ZheJiang.</p>
<p>G: TSaen keyi hul āk chengshi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Can they still go back to the big</p>
<p>ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cities?</p>
<p>L: XiaBflil Jiaotong fangbiBLzi, fang- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Now, transportation is convenient,</p>
<p>Ji&amp;de shihou tamen keyi hul l&amp;ojia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;so irtien they have vacation, they can</p>
<p>k&amp;nkan. DuobaLnrde nianqīng rěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;go back to visit their original home.</p>
<p>zil zheli Jiele hūn, y8ule h&amp;izi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Most of the.young people have married</p>
<p>tamen yljīng shi Xinjiang rěn le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;here and have children; they have</p>
<p>already become XīnJiang natives!</p>
<p>G: Tamen zai zhěli zuo shezune? Jiii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What do they do here? Just farming? gSo n6ngye ma?</p>
<p>L: O! Bxl dou 8hi gSo'n6zxgye• r? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh^ not all of than. Some axe vork-</p>
<p>yStxde ahl gortcren<sub>f</sub> y? ySude gSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ers, some do cultural and educational</p>
<p>věnhui Ji&amp;QTiL gongzud, h&amp;l ySude &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vork, and some do livestock farming. gSo xilnujre...</p>
<p>G: Dul le, suīr&amp;n Xinjiang ySu hSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, yes; although Xinjiang has a big</p>
<p>dade ahaind^ kSahl xdzsuye h£i shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;desert, livestock farming is still</p>
<p>hen fadfide. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;very veil developed.</p>
<p>L: NĪ Jianguo Xlnjiangde ditSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Have you ever seen Xinjiang carpets? meiyou?</p>
<p>G: Zai zhfalSnhulshang Jianguo. Tz! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At an exhibition. Gee! They're</p>
<p>Zhen mei! Du6 meide ditSn! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;really beautiful! Such beautiful</p>
<p>carpets!</p>
<p>L: MSiniSn Xinjiang diqū Jiao gei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Every year the XīnJiang region</p>
<p>gu6ji£ b\l shlo dltSn. Tamende &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hands over quite a fev carpets to</p>
<p>shěngchfa qingkuang b(i cuo, sh\i- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the state. They axe doing veil in</p>
<p>liang bū shSo» zhZllang ye hen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;production; they produce quite &amp;</p>
<p>gSo, vfltlguo pěngyou hSn xlhuan mSi« &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;number of c&amp;rpets, and the quality</p>
<p>is also very high. Foreign friends love to buy them,</p>
<p>G: A! W8 zhīdao le, nS shi dao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ah! Now I knov: I bet you're</p>
<p>Xinjiang qu chuch&amp;ide ba! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;goj.ng to Xinjiang on business!</p>
<p>L: Dul le. Q\1 he Jlge ditSnchSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right. I丨m going to discuss next</p>
<p>tSolūn mlngni&amp;nde shezigchSn Jihua, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;year's production plan vith a fev</p>
<p>carpet factories.</p>
<p>G: Zheixie ditSnchXng kS bu keyi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Can one visit these carpet factories? canguan na?</p>
<p>L: ZSnzne b\l kěyi? Hu&amp;z^lng huan- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Of course! You are very welcome</p>
<p>ylng! Nln he Lflxlngshe t&amp;oyit&amp;n, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to visit! Talk to the Travel Ser-</p>
<p>tamen hui ǎnpaide• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vice about it, and they'll make the</p>
<p>arrangements•</p>
<p>G: DutbuqJ, nlde biSo zl&amp;iz&amp;l JldlSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Excuse me—vhat time do you have?</p>
<p>le? V8de MSo hSoxlang lcuai le ma. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;My watch seeoa to be fast.</p>
<p>L: ZhSngvS 8httrdi8p. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Twelve noon.</p>
<p>G: W8 zSnne JttiSde tian liangle bū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How come I feel as if it's only</p>
<p>Ji2 a. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;been light out for a little while?</p>
<p>L: Nln tie wing le, zhěrde shljian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don<sup>f</sup>t forget<sub>9</sub> there<sup>1</sup>s a four-hour</p>
<p>he BSiJIng chā sige zhongtou ne! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;time difference between here and</p>
<p>Beijing!</p>
<p>G: ZSzsoe cha sige zhongtSu? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How is that?</p>
<p>L: Zil BSiJīng qīdlSn zhong tian Jiu In B?iJIng it gets light at seven</p>
<p>liaog le<sub>f</sub> z&amp;l zher Beijing shljian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;o'clock. Here, it doesn't get 11曲t</p>
<p>shlyldiXn tian cii liang nei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;until eleven o'clock BSiJIng time!</p>
<p>G: Duile, dulle...ou, qu&amp;nguo d5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I see, I see...hm, Beijing time is</p>
<p>tSngylde yong B?iJIng shljian ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;used throughout the country? That's</p>
<p>Zhei hi M?igu6 bū ylyang, Meiguo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;different from America. America has</p>
<p>y5u slge shljian ne.... &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;four times....</p>
<p>Xianzai vSmen yljīng zai huSchē- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nov ve<sup>1</sup>ve already spent seventy</p>
<p>shang guole qlshige zhōngtou le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hours on the train! What time vill</p>
<p>Shenme shihour kěyi dao Wūliinūql &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ve get to Orumqi? ya?</p>
<p>L: Hfii y5u b&amp;ge zhSngtou ne. H&amp;o &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We still have another eight hours,</p>
<p>le, zb&amp;nlei le ba, v5 gai hulqu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Well, you must &quot;be tired of standing</p>
<p>xiūxi yihulr le. Hul tour Jiaii! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;up. I should go back and rest a &quot;bit.</p>
<p>See you later 1</p>
<p>G: Hul t6ur Jian, Ll Xiǎnsheng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;See you later, Mr. Ll•</p><img src="0261-FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook_files/0261-FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook-9.png" style="width:545pt;height:348pt;"/>
<p>Unit 6, Tape 2 Workbook</p>
<p>Exercise 1</p>
<p>This exercise is a reriev of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker vill say a sentence in English， folloved by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker vill confirm your ansver.</p>
<p>All sentences from the Reference List vill occur only once. You may vant to rewind the tape and practice this exercise several times.</p>
<p>Exercise 2</p>
<p>In this exercise, an American visits the Central Nationalities Institute in B2ijīzig and talks vith a Uygur student.</p>
<p>The conversation occurs only once. After listening to it completely, you<sup>1</sup>11 probably vant* to revind the tape and ansver the questions belov as you listen a second time.</p>
<p>Here are the nev vords and phrases you vlU need to understand this conversation:</p>
<p>xueyuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ac&amp;demy, institute</p>
<p>Tfierql &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Turkey, Turltish</p>
<p>Alab6 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Arab, Arabic</p>
<p>Lading zimS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Latin (Roman) alphabet</p>
<p>slxlSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;thought <sub>9</sub> ideas</p>
<p>xln Jiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to believe in a religion</p>
<p>zud llbai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to worship; to attend a religious</p>
<p>service</p>
<p>qlngzhensi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mosque</p>
<p>Questiona for BcTcifle 2</p>
<p>Prepare your ansver，to these questions in Chinese so that you vill be able to give them orally in class.</p>
<p>1. Are the minority nationality languages used in schools in Xinjiang?</p>
<p>2« What does the Uygur student say his native language is like?</p>
<p>3. Do more Uygurs understand Chinese or Russian?</p>
<p>U. What is the Uygur student<sup>1</sup>s religious background?</p>
<p>5. Nov that she is in Beijing, is the Uygur student able to attend religious services?</p>
<p>After you have ansvered these questions yourself, you may vant to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also vant to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.</p>
<p>Note: The translations used in these dialogues are meant to indicate the English functional equivalents for the Chinese sentences rather than the literal meaning of the Chinese.</p>
<p>Exercise 3</p>
<p>In this conversation, an American tourist talks vith a China Travel Service worker on the train from Beijing to Hohhot, Inner Mongolia.</p>
<p>Listen to the conversation once straight through. Then, on the second time through<sub>f</sub> look belov and anaver the questions.</p>
<p>Here are the new vords and phrases you vill need to understand this conversation:</p>
<p>Jlnlng (Jtnlng) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(city In Inner Mongolia)</p>
<p>san bxi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to go for a valk</p>
<p>huĀngtu gaoyxi£n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;loess plateau (see map at the end of</p>
<p>this unit)</p>
<p>mlnzH zhljian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;betveen nationalities</p>
<p>XlfSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the West</p>
<p>yaoqiH &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to require</p>
<p>gSlsh&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to improve</p>
<p>Dat6ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(city In Shanxi province)</p>
<p>chezlinc &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;car (of a train)</p>
<p>Questiona for Exercise 3</p>
<p>Prepare your ansvers to these questions In Chinese so that you vill be able to give them orally in class.</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In history, vas the Jlnlng region a peaceful one?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What is the China Travel Service worker<sup>1</sup>s attitude toward the national minorities of China?</p>
<p>3, Hov might you respond to questions about racial difficulties in the U.S.? (Use several sentences from the dialogue<sub>9</sub> or prepare ansvers In your own vords •)</p>
<p>After you have ansvered these questions yourself, you may vant to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also vant to listen to the conversation again to help you practice saying the ansvers you have prepared.</p>
<p>Exercise k</p>
<p>This ia a conversation betveen an American tourist and a young Chinese voman vho meet at the Museum of Chinese History in BSiJīng.</p>
<p>Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then revlnd the tape and listen again. On the second time through, ansver the questions*</p>
<p>You vlU need the follovlng nev words and phrases:</p>
<p>n&amp;k&amp;l &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to take avay, to move (something)</p>
<p>out of the vay</p>
<p>gudiLlshZ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ancient history</p>
<p>hufi&amp;gdi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;emperor</p>
<p>QlnghSl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(name of &amp;&nbsp;province)</p>
<p>dang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to act as» to be</p>
<p>h&amp;nshduban &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;correspondence course</p>
<p>kSosh&amp;ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to pass (an eraml,nation)</p>
<p>zixue &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to study by oneself</p>
<p>cmshl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;on time</p>
<p>zudye &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;homework</p>
<p>chenggong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to succeed</p>
<p>Questions for Eterciae k</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Why ia the young woman taking dovn notes?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How are living conditions in QlnghSl?</p>
<p>3- What does the young voman do for a living in ^Qīngh&amp;i?</p>
<p>U. What other kinds of vork has she done before?</p>
<p>5. Why does she vant to rc to college?</p>
<p>After you have ansvered these questiona yourself, you may vant to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also vant to listen to the conversation again to help you pronounce your ansvers correctly.</p>
<p>Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 2</p>
<p>An American (A) visits the Central Nationalities Institute in Beijing and</p>
<p>talks vith &amp;&nbsp;Uygur student (U).</p>
<p>U: Nln hXo! Hiianylng nin l&amp;i vSmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hello! Welcome to the Institute, xueyuan canguan&gt;</p>
<p>A: Nlde Hanyu hěn hSo ma, shi zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Your Chinese is very good! Did you</p>
<p>Beijing xuede ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;learn it in Beijīng?</p>
<p>U: Zhuy£o shi zii Beijing xuede, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mainly, but I vasn’t in Beijing</p>
<p>keshl bti shi zai B?ijīng kaishi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;when I started learning it. xuede.</p>
<p>A: d, zai XīnJ iang Veivfier Zlzhiqūde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh. They teach Chinese in schools</p>
<p>xuexiaoll ye Jiao Sknyu<sub>9</sub> shī bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in the XīnJiang Uygur Autonomous</p>
<p>shi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Region, do they?</p>
<p>U: Zkl zizhiqūde zhong- xlSoxueli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except for the H^n nationality</p>
<p>chUle H&amp;nzli xuexiao yīviii dou Jiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;schools, secondary &amp;nd primary schools</p>
<p>8hXo8hū mlazū venzi <sub>9</sub> tebiě shi Věi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in the autonomous region teach the</p>
<p>vdSr venzi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;minority nationality languages» especially the Uygur language•</p>
<p>A: WeiwdSr v^nzi he ZhongdSngde věn- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is the Uygur language related to</p>
<p>zi ySu shenme guanxl ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the languages of the Middle East?</p>
<p>U: Y5u, Wěiwfieryu hi TtS&amp;rqfyS bl- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. Uygur is rather close to Tur-</p>
<p>JlSo Jln<sub>9</sub> lie Veiw(i?rven Jlbenshang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;klsh. The old Uygur writing system</p>
<p>shi Ālab6ven&gt; xīn venzi yongde shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vas basically an Arabic writing system.</p>
<p>Lading ziaS. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The nev writing system uses the Roman</p>
<p>alphabet•</p>
<p>A: Ncuae xlāng <sup>w</sup>G3tigchSndXng,<sup>n n</sup>Shě- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Well, how do they handle vords like</p>
<p>iiuizhSyi” zheixie zi zSnzne b&amp;n ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>w</sup>the Coamunist Party&quot; and &quot;socialism”？</p>
<p>U: Zheixie zide fSyln du5b&amp;n xiāog &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The pronunciation of words like that</p>
<p>Hanyii» hudzhS xling 岛ril. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is mostly like Chinese, or like Russian.</p>
<p>A: Duitbuql, Weivfi&amp;r ren dSng HiLnyǔde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I’m sorry: Do more Uygurs understand</p>
<p>duo ne, hilshi dSng Ěy\ide duo ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chinese or Rxissian?</p>
<p>U: Y^Snde l&amp;l shu5, h&amp;l shi dSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Generally speaking» there are still</p>
<p>Ěvende ren du5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;more vho understand Russian.</p>
<p>A: Dui le~nl gangc&amp;l lōix shi shu5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh—you Just said that you didn<sup>f</sup>t</p>
<p>nlde Hanyǔ &quot;bii shi zii B?ijlng kai- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;begin studying Chinese in BSlJīng»</p>
<p>shi xuede ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;right?</p>
<p>U: WSmen l&amp;l BSiJīng nian debcuede &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All of us minority students vho</p>
<p>shXoshū minzū xuesheng d5u keyi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;come to Beijing to attend college can</p>
<p>zil zizhiqude HinzH xuexlioli xian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;take a year of Chinese language before-</p>
<p>xue yinl&amp;n Hanyǔ. Zii xue Hanyǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hand in a Han nationality school in</p>
<p>yjqiin, vS ll£n.ylge H&amp;nzl dou &quot;bū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the autonomous region. Before I</p>
<p>zhīdao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;started studying Chinese, I didn<sup>f</sup>t</p>
<p>even know one Chinese character.</p>
<p>A: HaiQnl ahl hSn fǔz&amp;de, xue qilai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chinese is very complicated. It</p>
<p>d&amp;gal h5n n&amp;n. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;must &quot;be very hard to study.</p>
<p>U: Bu Jǔede zěnme tai nan, xuele &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don’t find it terribly difficult.</p>
<p>ylnian ylhou vSmen he narde Hajizll &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;After one year, we didn’t have any</p>
<p>gSngren, ganbu, ySng Hanyu tSolun &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;problem having discussions and commnn-</p>
<p>wentl, JiǎolHi slxlSng dou meiyou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;icating ideas in Chinese vith the</p>
<p>shenme věntl le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chinese workers and cadres there.</p>
<p>A: Tz! Na zhen &quot;bti cuS. Dui le~ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gee, that<sup>f</sup>s really great. Oh yes--</p>
<p>vS h£i ySu zuih3u yige xiao věntl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I have one last small question. Do</p>
<p>Nlmen xin jiao ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you profess a religion?</p>
<p>U: WSmende fihnu, zufumu dou xlang^n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Our parents and grandparents &quot;believe</p>
<p>Ylsllinjiik). &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in Islam.</p>
<p>A: Nlmen zijl ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What about you yourselves?</p>
<p>U: VSmen zijī me, ySude xin, ySude &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We ourselves.. .veil, some of us</p>
<p>&quot;bti tai zin, v8 hii shi xl&amp;ngxinde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;believe, and some of us don<sup>f</sup>t really</p>
<p>&quot;believe. I still &quot;believe.</p>
<p>A: Zai BSiJīng ye kěyi zuo l^bai ma*?- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Can you worship in BSiJIng?</p>
<p>U: Keyi. Zher ySu hen dade qlng~ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. There<sup>1</sup> s a &quot;big mosque here,</p>
<p>zhensii w5 měige xīngqī dou qu7 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I go every week.</p>
<p>A: Tai xiexie nl le， gei vo Jiěshao- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thank you so much for telling me</p>
<p>le zheme duo y8u yiside qingkuang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;about so many interesting things.</p>
<p>U: HSn gaoxing nln lai canguan&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It vas nice to have you here.</p>
<p>Zai Jian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GoocL-'bye.</p>
<p>A: Zaijl&amp;n. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Good-bye.</p>
<p>Dialogue and Tranalatlon for Exercise 3</p>
<p>On the train from Beijing to Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, an American tourist</p>
<p>(A) t&amp;lkB vith &amp;&nbsp;China Travel Service vorker (B).</p>
<p>B: Tian gang li&amp;ng nln Jiū qilai le? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You<sup>1</sup> re up so soon after dawn? Dor^t</p>
<p>duo shui ylhulr? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you vant to get some more sleep?</p>
<p>A: Bol xlSng shui le. Xiamlan ylzhan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don<sup>|a</sup>t feel like sleeping. What<sup>1</sup> s</p>
<p>shi n&amp;r le? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the next stop?</p>
<p>B: Jining&gt; zhei shi ylge da zh&amp;n, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jlnlng. It<sup>f</sup>s a Mg stop. The train</p>
<p>huSche z&amp;i zher ting ěrshifen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vill stop there for twenty minutes•</p>
<p>.zhong# WSmen kěyi dio zhfiLnt&amp;l- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We can go out for &amp;&nbsp;walk on the plat-</p>
<p>sha&amp;g qtx a ana an &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;form.</p>
<p>A: Jinlug^ yldil ahi ylge zhongy^ode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Jlnlng area is an important</p>
<p>dlqu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;region.</p>
<p>B: C6ng dizlngahang kin, Jlnlng b5i- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As far as terrain is concerned, to</p>
<p>tianr shi āk sbazoo, n&amp;n'biāzir sbl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the north of Jlnlng is a big desert,</p>
<p>hu&amp;ngtu gaoyuan. Gongyuan qlachou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and to the south is the loess plateau,</p>
<p>zaizheige diqū zhīdao ySuguo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Before and during the Christian era</p>
<p>duoshSo ci zhijizheng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;there have been I-don<sup>f</sup>t-know how many</p>
<p>wars in this region.</p>
<p>A: XiiLnzai heplng le, bianjiang he &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;But nov it’s at peace. The border</p>
<p>neidi b1i hui y8u zhan zheng le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;regions and the interior von<sup>f</sup> t have</p>
<p>any more vars,</p>
<p>B: Nin shuode dui, Zhongguo shi ylge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That's right. China is a unified</p>
<p>duo mlnzilde, tSngyīde shěhuizhiSyt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;socialist family made up of many xiation-</p>
<p>da Jiatlzig» mlnzd zhljiande zhan- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;alities. War betveen these groups is</p>
<p>zheng dou yljlng^ahl lishi le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;already &amp;&nbsp;thing of the past. I hear</p>
<p>Tīngshuo<sub>9</sub> ziS XlfSng* zhSngzlS v&amp;n- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that in the West, racial and ethnic</p>
<p>tl, ventl hti shi hSn m&amp;fande &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;problems are still very troublesome*</p>
<p>ventl a? ShXoshil mlnzūde shenghu6 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and that the living conditions and</p>
<p>he divei h&amp;l hSn chS? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;status of minorities are still very</p>
<p>inferior.</p>
<p>A: W5 xiSng zki yībSlnlin ylqiinde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I think that the race problen vas</p>
<p>shihou* zhSngzIl ventl shi ylge bl- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bigger a hundred years ago. The</p>
<p>JiSo d^de venti <sub>9</sub> xl^nzii qlngkuaLng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;situation has already changed quite a</p>
<p>yljīng ySule hSn d«lde gSibiiui. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lot.</p>
<p>B: Shi ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is that so?</p>
<p>A: WSmende zhezigfS yaoqiii zhengffi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Our government requires that their</p>
<p>gongzuo renyuin del ySu yldtng shi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;es^iloyees include &amp;&nbsp;certain number</p>
<p>li&amp;ngde ahSoshū mlnzll. Zil vSmende &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of minority individuals. In our</p>
<p>xuexlSLoli dui shSoshū rnlnz^S yS y5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;schools minorities are also given</p>
<p>tebiede bangzbu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;special help.</p>
<p>B: NeLme nX xlXng zii Jidoyu shul* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Then as far as levels of education,</p>
<p>ping, gongzud jZhul, 8henghu6 shui- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Job opportunities, and standard of</p>
<p>ping fangmian shlost^ mlnzlide qlng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;living are concerned, do you think</p>
<p>ku&amp;ng d5u g&amp;lslAi le? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that the minority situation haa</p>
<p>improved in &amp;11 these areas?</p>
<p>A: W8 xiSng mlnzH v^ntl<sub>9</sub> zhSngztl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I think that ethnic and racl&amp;l prob-</p>
<p>věntl ySu lishlde yuanyln, ye ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lems have historical causes, as veil</p>
<p>zhengzhi<sub>9</sub> JīngJi, venhua gefang- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as political* economic, and ctoltural</p>
<p><sup>#</sup>Speaker A on the tape says Jinln£<sub>f</sub> vhich is another pronunciation. The</p>
<p>dictionary pronunciation is Jlnfng&gt;</p>
<p>mlande yuinyīn, xuduo guojia d5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ones. Many countries still have this</p>
<p>hii y8u zheizhSng ventl. Zai Mei- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kind of problem. In America, our</p>
<p>gu6, vSmende zhěngfu he rěnmln d3u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;government and people are making an</p>
<p>zai r这飞I tlgSo shĒo8hu mlnzlide di- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;effort to raise the status of our ml-</p>
<p>vei. Shloahtl mlnzude qingkuang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;norities. The situation i3 sure to</p>
<p>yiding huf yuě lfii yuě hSo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;get better and better for them.</p>
<p>B: HXoJlle. VSmen dou xīvāng gě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Great. We all hope that life vill</p>
<p>mlnxilde shenghuo yuě guo yuě h&amp;o. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;improve for all peoples. We've</p>
<p>Jlnlng zhan d&amp;o le, vSmen xiaqu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;arrived at Jlnlug station. Let’s get</p>
<p>k&amp;nk&amp;n bal &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;off and have a look around.</p>
<p>A: H&amp;ode. Zhěr yljīng shi Něi Meng- All right. This is already Inner gǔ le, bl Datong lengde duo, vo qii Mongolia, and it’s much colder than chu&amp;n Jian maoyī Jiū lai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Dating. I'm going to go put on a</p>
<p>sweater and I'll be right back.</p>
<p>B: HSode, v5 xai chexiǎng měnkou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay. I<sup>1</sup>11 wait for you at the</p>
<p>deng ni. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;door of this car.</p>
<p>Di&amp;logue and Translation for Exercise U</p>
<p>At an exhibition on general Chinese history in Beijlng<sup>?</sup>s Museum of</p>
<p>Chinese History, a young voman (B) is sitting on a bench taking some notes*</p>
<p>When an American tourist (A) walks &quot;by, the young voman gets up to let him</p>
<p>have her seat.</p>
<p>A: Nl zSi xle d5ngxi, kuSi qlng zu5- You<sup>?</sup>re writing, please sit dovn. xia, b1i yao keqi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don<sup>f</sup>t be polite,</p>
<p>B: W8 l&amp;l bS zhěi Jlben shu n^kai• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>?</sup>ll move these books avay and you</p>
<p>nln zuoxla xlǔxlxluxi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;can sit dovn and rest.</p>
<p>A: Zbeibenr Zhonggu6 GudaishI shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is this History of Ancient China</p>
<p>nīde ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yours?</p>
<p>B: Shi vSde. ZheibSn shūli guǎnyū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, it is. There are some differ-</p>
<p>ylvei Tingchio huSngdide giishl he ences between the version of a story zheige zhSnl&amp;nhuishang shuode bō. about a Ting dynasty emperor in this tii ylying，sufiyl v5 bS ta xi?xia- book and the version given in the lai dāihnlqu kinkan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;exhibit, so I'm writing it dovn to</p>
<p>take home and read.</p>
<p>A: Nl shi BSifang rěn ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are you from the north?</p>
<p>B: WS lSoJla zai Zhejiang, xlanz&amp;i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Originally I<sup>f</sup>m from Zhejiang, but</p>
<p>sal QlnghSl gozigzuo, zhěici shi l£l nov 工 vork In QInghSi. This time I'm Beijing chūcbaide. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in B?ijīng on lousiness.</p>
<p>A: QlnghSide xQmuyě her. fadfi ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;QInghSi<sup>f</sup>s livestock farming is very</p>
<p>developed，isn<sup>f</sup>t it?</p>
<p>B: Xihnuyedc qingkuang bū cu3, &quot;bti- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Livestock farming is doing veil, &quot;but</p>
<p>gud meiyou N^lnuSng, Xinjiang name &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the situation isn't as good as in</p>
<p>hSo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang.</p>
<p>A: Renmlnde 8hen^iu6 shulping zěn- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov is the people's standard of</p>
<p>meyang? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;living?</p>
<p>B: Chide cha yidianr, zhuyao shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The food is rather poor, &quot;but the</p>
<p>Jiaotong bū fangbian, biěde sheng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;main thing Is that transportation is</p>
<p>huo fangmian me, ye meiyou něidi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;difficult. As for other aspects of</p>
<p>hSo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;life, veil, they aren't as good as in</p>
<p>the interior either.</p>
<p>A: Nl zai Qīngh&amp;i gongzud, zuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What is your vork in Qīngh&amp;i? shenme ne?</p>
<p>B: Dangguo n6ngmln, ye dangguo Ji?- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vve been a peasant and I<sup>f</sup>ve 'been</p>
<p>fangjūn, xi&amp;nzai zai ylge Jianzhu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in the P.L.A. Nov I<sup>f</sup>m a worker in a</p>
<p>c&amp;iliaoch&amp;ng dang gongren. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;construction materials factory.</p>
<p>A: Ng<sub>t</sub> nl zuSguo bil shSode shiqing. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mm, you’ve done a lot of things.</p>
<p>B: XiflLnz&amp;i bxl shSo nianqing rěn dou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;These days a lot of young people</p>
<p>shi zheiy&amp;ngrde« KSshi vS zui ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;are like that. But I<sup>f</sup>m still most</p>
<p>xlngqude h&amp;i shi llshl« &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;interested in history•</p>
<p>A: Nl yao shang dixuě ni&amp;n lishl ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you vant to go to college to</p>
<p>study history?</p>
<p>B: Yao. Dui le, nln kan ZhSngven &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, I do« Oh, do you read the</p>
<p>'b^o ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chinese newspapers?</p>
<p>A: Kan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes.</p>
<p>B: Zhei liSngtiande Renmfn R^bao nin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Have you been reading the People<sup>1</sup>s</p>
<p>kangiio ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Dally the last couple of days?</p>
<p>A: Kanguo le« B^oshang shuo hěn du5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. It said in the paper that a</p>
<p>d&amp;xue yib beLn h&amp;nshōuban le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lot of colleges are going to start</p>
<p>correspondence courses.</p>
<p>B: Dul le, 8U67I w8 zii zher zhun- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right, so I*m preparing to take</p>
<p>bei kXoshi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the exams here.</p>
<p>A: ZheizhSng dixai zSnme nian ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov do you go about attending these</p>
<p>colleges?</p>
<p>B: K&amp;oshangle ylhou, xuexiao Ji gei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;After ve pass the exam, the school</p>
<p>vSmen shū he biede xuexl cailiao, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sends us the books and other study</p>
<p>vSmen zijl ^zixue, anshl ba zuoyě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;materials， and ve study on our ovn,</p>
<p>he kSoshi Jiao gei xuexiao. G5ng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;turning in our homework and tests vhen</p>
<p>chSng ting Jiade shihou vo keyi hul &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;required. When I have vacation from</p>
<p>lSoJia qu kan fiinrS, hai keyi qu da- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the factory, I c&amp;n go back to my home-</p>
<p>xue xiang lSoshī qīngjiao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;town to visit my parents, and I can</p>
<p>also go to the college to ask. for help from the teachers.</p>
<p>A: Na bii cuo ma, zheiyang nian shū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That<sup>f</sup>s pretty good. By going to</p>
<p>yě keyi y8u dibcue biyěde shulping school like that can you reach the ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;level of a college graduate?</p>
<p>B: Kěyi. Zhongguo gudaishl shi hěn Yes, you can. Ancient Chinese his-y8u yiside， vS yldlng yao hSohaor tory is very interesting. I<sup>f</sup>m deter-nian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mined to study hard.</p>
<p>A: Hǎo, zhū nl chěnggSngl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Good, I vlsh you success.</p>
<p>. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;VJ s__j _ __ j t &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm________t</p>
<p>Loess is a fine-grained, chalky soil between silt and clay, actually a deposit of windblown sand. China's loess deposits are the most extensive in the world; they cover most of Shdnxǐ and Shānxī provinces, and the better part of G3nsǔ, and extend into Hibi\ and Hěnńn as well. Because it holds moisture well, loess makes good farming ground when irrigated. Loess is buff to gray in color (the Chinese word for loess, huńngtǔ, means literally, * yellow soil&quot;) and it is loess that gives the Yellow River its distinctive yellowish appearance.</p><img src="0261-FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook_files/0261-FSI-StandardChinese-Module08TVL-StudentTextAndWorkbook-10.png" style="width:413pt;height:251pt;"/>
<p>Unit T, Reference List</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: C6ng gongBhe dao chěngli h^i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>!</sup>s such a long vay from the coimune</p>
<p>zhen yuS&amp;<sub>9</sub> sheyiSsmen Jin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;into town, isn<sup>f</sup>t it kind of incon-</p>
<p>cheng dSngxi ySu diSnr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;venient for the commune members to</p>
<p>b1i tai fangbian ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;go into tovn to shop?</p>
<p>B: Nln mei kanjian, yan2he gonglu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Didn’t you see, a lot of little stores</p>
<p>banle hSoJIge xlSo shangdian, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have been set up along the highway•</p>
<p>m&amp;i dongxi h&amp;i suan fangbian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>1</sup>s fairly convenient to shop there.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Ti?lilshang fasheng shenme věn- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Has some problem come up on the rail-</p>
<p>tl le ma? Weishěnme zhěibǎn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;road? Why is this express even</p>
<p>těloiai bl m^nche h£i man? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;slower than a slow train?</p>
<p>B: Nln biě ,1^nzhang, vS ye měi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don<sup>f</sup>t get nervous. I didn<sup>f</sup>t expect</p>
<p>xiXngdāo ySu zheige qlng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;this either. I<sup>1</sup>11 go try to find</p>
<p>ku&amp;ng, vS xliLnzāl Jiu qu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;out about it right nov. vemrenq Ingchu •</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Z&amp;i m&amp;ng v5 ye dSi hulqu yi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No matter hov busy I am I have to go</p>
<p>ting, gang mSihSode li&amp;ixg- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;back there. I left both the things</p>
<p>ying dongxi<sub>9</sub> quan wang zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I Just bought in the store! shangdl&amp;nli le!</p>
<p>B: H&amp;isbi m&amp;fap d&amp;oy6u hulqu zhSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It would be &quot;better to trouble the</p>
<p>一yftSig ba! Nln tie qu le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;guide to go back and look for them,</p>
<p>Don<sup>f</sup>t you go.</p>
<p>li. A: Shljian tai Jin, ySude difang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>m too pressed for time, so there are</p>
<p>vS Jiu bfi qil le, bifang shuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;some places I,m not going. The kin-</p>
<p>youěryxian ba! Ylhou zai qu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dergarten, for example—I<sup>1</sup>11 visit</p>
<p>c&amp;nguaji ba! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;there another time.</p>
<p>B: HSo. WSmen xu&amp;n Jlge yao- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All right. Let<sup>f</sup>s choose a fev</p>
<p>jlnde difang canguan hSo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;important places to visit,</p>
<p>5. A: C6ng chlnliilngsh&amp;ng kan, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;From the point of viev of yield, the</p>
<p>Ch^ngJI^pg ytn&amp;nde n6ngyě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;agricxxltural production situation</p>
<p>shengchXn qingkuang zhen bti &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;south of the Yangtze River is really</p>
<p>cuo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;good.</p>
<p>B: ChSngJiang ylnan yor.sr shuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For the area south of the Yangtze that</p>
<p>le, Jixi shi Chang Jian a： ylbSi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;goes vithout saying, but even north</p>
<p>sbengch&amp;n qingkuang ye gSn- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of the Yangtze the level of produc-</p>
<p>shanfflfil la! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tion is catching up!</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Sh2udu Gangtl^ Gongsīde gong- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do all the workers in the Capital Iron</p>
<p>ren d5u z&amp;l zheige shlting &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and Steel Company eat in this dining</p>
<p>ghf fan ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hall?</p>
<p>B: 0u<sub>t</sub> vSmen gongsī ySu hSoJīvan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, our company has tens of thousands</p>
<p>zhfgong, Jiǎahu, ySu bū sbSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of staff and workers and their fam-</p>
<p>de da shlting ne! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ilies. There are lots of large</p>
<p>dining halls!</p>
<p>7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Sh&amp;ngcī vS canguan qiche zhl~ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It seems to me I sav him someplace the</p>
<p>zaoch&amp;ngde shihou hXoxiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;time I visited the automobile plant,</p>
<p>zai n&amp;r Jianguo ta, tā shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Isn't he a staff member or worker</p>
<p>narde zhīgong ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;there?</p>
<p>B: Hin gSocuo le, ta shi women &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You’re mistaken. He*s one of our</p>
<p>Luxlngshěde gongzuo rěnyuan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Travel Service personnel.</p>
<p>8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Nlmen ch&amp;ng ylbanr ylshangde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At your factory, over half of your</p>
<p>gSngren siishě dou shi xīnde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;workers<sup>1</sup> living quarters are nev! ma!</p>
<p>B: Nei Jlniin, sushě běi gSode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;During those few years, the living</p>
<p>lti&amp;nqrbazao, zhl hSo gal &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;quarters vere wrecked up<sub>9</sub> ve had no</p>
<p>xīnde le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;choice but to build new ones.</p>
<p>9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: L&amp;i! BX zhei Jīge JiSozi dou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Come on. Polish off [literally,</p>
<p>xlaomlě le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>n</sup>exterminate*’] these .dinzrpllngs!</p>
<p>B: <sup>rt</sup>Xiaomie<sup>n</sup> Ji&amp;ozi? W5 dao mei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;”Polish off” dumplings? I<sup>f</sup>ve never</p>
<p>tīngguo zheige shu5f&amp;r! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;heard that expression before!</p>
<p>10. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: W5 faxi^n nlmende gongzud &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I find that your work is proceeding</p>
<p>•1 inylngde bii cuo ma! Bū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;very veil. I don^ suppose you need</p>
<p>xuyao shljl&amp;n le ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any more time.</p>
<p>B: Nl shuSde dio rSngyi! Nl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That<sup>1</sup>s easy for you to say. You don^t</p>
<p>zhīdao vSmen yongle duoshSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;knov hov much of our time after</p>
<p>yeyii shljl&amp;n! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hours ve used!</p>
<p>11• A: ChXog llngdXo h£ozhao quin- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The leadership of our factory made an</p>
<p>chSng gSngren zheige yuě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;appeal to the workers of the vhole</p>
<p>duS 8hengch&amp;n sibSibi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;factory to produce four hundred more</p>
<p>qiche. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cars this month.</p>
<p>B: Bū cud a! Na zheige yuěde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That's great! Then this month's</p>
<p>chSnll&amp;ng chabuduS děngyu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;output is about equal to one and</p>
<p>shangge yuěde yiběi ban la! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a half times last month<sup>1</sup> s!</p>
<p>Unit 了《 Vocabulary List</p>
<p>an &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;according to</p>
<p>-'bei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;time, -fold</p>
<p>bei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(passive marker)</p>
<p>-bū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for automobiles,</p>
<p>machines, etc.)</p>
<p>ChangJiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yangtze River</p>
<p>dao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yet, on the contrary, neverthless</p>
<p>dSoy6u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(tour) guide</p>
<p>dengyti &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to equal, to be equal to</p>
<p>fāsheng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to happen, to occur</p>
<p>fǎxlan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to discover</p>
<p>gangtie &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;iron and steel</p>
<p>g&amp;2i8h&amp;ng(l£i) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to catch up</p>
<p>gSocud &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to do wrong; to be wrong (zolst&amp;ken)</p>
<p>gonglil &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;highway</p>
<p>b&amp;ishi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it would be better to</p>
<p>baozh&amp;o (haozhao) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to call, to appeal</p>
<p>Jiashu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;family members, (family)</p>
<p>dependents</p>
<p>Jin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be tight</p>
<p>Jinxing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to carry on, to conduct; to be</p>
<p>jlnzhǎng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be nervous* to be tense</p>
<p>Jiūsbi.. .ye..• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;even (if)</p>
<p>kuai y&amp;o &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vill soon</p>
<p>qingchu (-chu) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be clear, to be distinct</p>
<p>rěnyuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;personnel, staff</p>
<p>sheyuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;commune member</p>
<p>shlt&amp;ag &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mess hall, dining room</p>
<p>sushě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;living quarters; dormitory</p>
<p>tield &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;railroad</p>
<p>xi&amp;omie &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to eliminate<sub>9</sub> to abolish, to</p>
<p>exterminate, to vipe out</p>
<p>xuSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to choose</p>
<p>-yang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kind (bound form)</p>
<p>yinzhe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;along(side)</p>
<p>yeyix &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;spare time, after hours, eunateur</p>
<p>(used &quot;before direction vords to mark direction vith reference to a point)</p>
<p>ylshiLng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;above, over (on amount)</p>
<p>ylxia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;under (an amount)</p>
<p>youeryuBn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kindergarten</p>
<p>zhlgong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;staff and workers; worker or</p>
<p>staff member</p>
<p>zhizao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to manufacture</p>
<p>zhizaochang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;manufacturing plant， factory</p>
<p>REFERENCE NOTES</p>
<p>1. A: C6ng gCngsh^ d&amp;o cb^ngll hfii It’s such a long vay from the commune 2hen yuSn, shgyiifcmen Jin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;into tovn, isn’t it kind of incon-</p>
<p>ch^ng JoSLi dongxi ySu dlSnr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;venient for the commune menters to</p>
<p>b1i tki fSngblan ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;go into town to shop?</p>
<p>B: Nfn mil kanjian, y£nzhe gSnglū Didn’t you see, a lot of little stores baale hXoJīge xlSo shingdiin, have been set up along the highvay. m&amp;l dongxi b&amp;i suan fSngbian, It’s fairly convenient to shop there.</p>
<p>Notes on No, 1</p>
<p>h£l zhen yvKn: H£l, &quot;still,” In this sentence may go untranslated; it expresses surprise at hov far it is into tovn. In this meaning, hti Is often used before zhen, <sup>n</sup>really,<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>Nl h&amp;l zhen b&lt;i pi l&amp;g, zheme You really don’t mind (&quot;aren’t afraid lSngde tl&amp;n chuin zheme shXo! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of”） the cold; you wear so little</p>
<p>in such cold veather!</p>
<p>Sheyuan« &quot;commune member,<sup>w</sup> includes working members and their non-working family m&amp;ńbeTB. The ending -yu£n is used in. various compound vords to mean ”member&quot;:</p>
<p>DXngyu&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Party member</p>
<p>Tu&amp;nyu&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Communist Youth) League member</p>
<p>huiyufin OR cbengyu&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;member</p>
<p>ygu dilnr tii ffagtlan: &quot;a little inconvenient * kind of inconvenient&quot; You are familiar vith the phrasing ygu dlinr fangbian &gt;&nbsp;Here you see that use bii til Instead of Just bū.</p>
<p>YSnzhe, ”along, alongsideis used for longer distances than pingMSn, ’’side&quot;?<sup>1</sup></p>
<p>Q^cbe y&amp;czbe zbdltlio lū kalle The car drove along this road a</p>
<p>hSn Jitt c4i kinjlon ylge rfa. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;long time before they sav &amp;&nbsp;person.</p>
<p>Y&amp;nzhe f^ngsl stbilnr zhdngle &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A lot of flovers vere planted along</p>
<p>hSodu6 hui. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the four sides of the house (i.e.,</p>
<p>all around the house).</p>
<p>BUT:</p>
<p>Fingzl p&amp;ngblln zhdngle hSoduS A lot of flowers vere planted along-hua. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;side the house (on the side or sides).</p>
<p>gonglū: ^public-road,<sup>w</sup> i.e., &quot;highvay&quot; <sup>w</sup>Expressvay<sup>w</sup> is gaosū gSnglū, <sup>n</sup>high-speed putlic-road, (As of this vriting, mainland China has no expressways; Taivan has one* vhich goes from the north to the south of the Island.).</p>
<p>hii suan: <sup>w</sup>can still be considered to be...<sup>n</sup> This Is an Idiom for ”fairly •”Coīnpare the use of h£i for ”fairly&quot; vhich you learned in the Society module, for example, 5^1 hSo， &quot;Fairly good.&quot;</p>
<p>Ta suan ventl sh&amp;ode xuě- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He can be considered a student vith</p>
<p>sbeng<sub>9</sub> bl^de ren věntf geng duo. relatively fev problems; the others</p>
<p>have even more pro&quot;bleins •</p>
<p>Na h&amp;i suan xlSo shi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thatfs no big thing (”a small matter”）.</p>
<p>2. A: Tielūshang fasheng shenme věn- Has some problem come up on the rail-tf le ma? Weishenme zhěiban road? Why is this express even těkuai bl manchě hai man? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;slower than a slow train?</p>
<p>B: Nfn biě ^Ynzhǎng, v5 y? měi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don't get nervous. I didn’t expect</p>
<p>xlSngd&amp;o ySu zheige qfng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;this either. I<sup>f</sup>ll go try to find</p>
<p>ku&amp;ng, vS xianzai Jiū qū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;out about it right nov, venvenqīngchS &gt;</p>
<p>Notes on No&gt; 2</p>
<p>tijiū: &quot;railroad,” literally, &quot;iron-road&quot;</p>
<p>XTb?ide &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*bxi duo, erqi? ySu There aren<sup>f</sup>t many railroads in the</p>
<p>bū shXo shi gang xiūde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Northwest, and many of them vere</p>
<p>Just built.</p>
<p>W8 y8u yfge gege zai ti?lushang I have an older &quot;brother vho vorks on gSngzuo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the railroad.</p>
<p>fSshēng: <sup>w</sup>to happen,<sup>n</sup> &quot;to occ'or” The event vhich happens often follovs fSaheng in the sentence (just u in sentences vith ySu, &quot;there is，&quot; the thing that exists often follovs ySu):</p>
<p>Bū zhīd&amp;o fashSngle sh系nine ahl- I wonder what has happened that so qlng, l&amp;lle zheme du5 rěn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;many people have come here,</p>
<p>Zhel JltlSn fSshengle hlojlJiSn The laat fev days, a lot of strange qlguilde shi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;things have been happening.</p>
<p>Nei shihou fSshengde sht, v8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The things that happened then aren<sup>f</sup>t</p>
<p>d5u bā z?nme qlngchfl le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;very clear in my mind anymore•</p>
<p>Shei dou bfi jide zhěijian shi shi No one remembers vhen that event took shěnme shihou fāshēngde le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;place anymore.</p>
<p>nAnche h^i man: <sup>f,</sup>even slower than a slow train<sup>M</sup> Here, hai is used as &quot;even.”</p>
<p>ZuStiSn l?ng, jīnti&quot;r. bl zu6tian It vas cold yesterday, Cbxrt) today is h&amp;l lSng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;even colder than yesterday.</p>
<p>.Itnzh&amp;ng： &quot;to be nervous,&quot; &quot;to be &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tense&quot;</p>
<p>Zai zheli kal che zh5n JlnzhSng, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>f</sup>s really nerve-racking to drive bil zhīdao shěnae ahfhou hul here. You don<sup>f</sup>t knov vhen you -might zhuangdAO ren. nrn into someone.</p>
<p>venvenqlngchtt: <sup>n</sup>to inquire until clear，&quot; i.e.，<sup>lf</sup>to try to find out the true situation.”Notice that you can reduplicate a verb (here, ven) even vhen the verb is folloved by a resultative ending (here, qingchu): Other examples: Q^ng n? bS shiqing shuoshuoqingchfl, &quot;Please explain this more clearly&quot;; BS zhuōzi cac&amp;gin.ling, ^Wipe the table clean.&quot;</p>
<p>3_ A: Zai mSng v8 y? d?i hufqu yf- No matter hov busy I am I have to go tang, gang mSihSode li&amp;ng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;back there. I left both the things</p>
<p>yang dongxi, qu£n vang zki &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I Just bought in the store!</p>
<p>shangdlanil le!</p>
<p>B: HĀishi mifan dloy6u hufqu zhSo It vould be better to trouble the</p>
<p>yftang ba! Nfn biě qū le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;guide to go back and look for them*</p>
<p>Don<sup>f</sup>t you go.</p>
<p>Notes on No. 3</p>
<p>zai m^ng.. .y甚..二: ”no matter hov busy...<sup>M</sup> The zai in this pattern (meaning literally, <sup>ff</sup>more, additionally”）must be given extra-heavy stress:</p>
<p>ZAI m&amp;ng v8 ye d8i hulqu. Ye here means &quot;still, even so,</p>
<p>ZhSngven ZAI non v5 y? ySo xue. No matter hov hard Chinese is, I’m</p>
<p>still going to study it.</p>
<p>«tang: This counter for trips need not be translated here. Used vith verbs like lĀi. q(i, hullai• hufgu, etc., *tang simply counts the number of times someone goes someplace. Other examples:</p>
<p>Ta shingge xīngqī āko Sh&amp;nghXi Last veek he made a trip to qvlle yftang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ShanghSi.</p>
<p>W8 JīntiSn yljIng vXzig tS n&amp;r &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I’ve already made tvo trips to</p>
<p>pXole lllnfting le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;his place today.</p>
<p>*y&amp;ng: &quot;kind, sort<sup>11</sup> You have learned the vord -zhSn£, &quot;kind, sort，</p>
<p>type. These vords axe slightly different in usage; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sometimes *yang should</p>
<p>not be translated literally as &quot;kind,&quot; but Just left &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;out of the translation (see the third<sub>t</sub> fourth* and fifth examples).</p>
<p>Zhěi Jlying dongxi vS dcu měi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>ve never seen these kinds of</p>
<p>konjl&amp;nguo, h?n qfguai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;things. They<sup>1</sup>re very strange.</p>
<p>Nl kindechūl£l zhel liSn^ang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Can you tell vhat<sup>1</sup> s different about</p>
<p>dongxi ySu shenme bū yiyang ma? these tvo kinds of things?</p>
<p>WSmen jīntian vXnshang ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov many dishes are ve having tonight</p>
<p>Jlying cai? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cfor dinner]?</p>
<p>Ta dao shangdian q'ňle Jlcl y? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He vent to the store several times,</p>
<p>mei mXihui yiyang d5ngxi lai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;but didr^t come back vith a single</p>
<p>thing.</p>
<p>W8 zhěr hfii y5u liSngyang shui- I still have tvo fruits here.,.one guS...yige pingguS yfge J^zi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;apple and one tangerine/orange.</p>
<p>haishi: <sup>M</sup>it vould be better to —<sup>!!</sup> This is another meaning for the vord vhich you first learned as meaning &quot;still,</p>
<p>W8 bu shufu, haishi shSo chī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>!</sup>m not feeling veil. I,d better</p>
<p>di&amp;nr ba. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;not eat too much.</p>
<p>Hiishi Ouyang LSoshl yige rěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It vould be better if Teacher Ouyang</p>
<p>qū, nīmen dou liu zai zhěr ba. vent alone; the rest of you Just</p>
<p>stay here.</p>
<p>Also used in the pattern haishi . . . h&amp;o:</p>
<p>Haishi nl qu hSo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It vould be better if you vent.</p>
<p>U. A: ShfJian tSi J_In&gt; ySude difang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I,m too pressed for time, so there are vS Jiu bti qu le, blfang shuo some places rm not going. The kin-youěryu&amp;n ta! Ylhou zSi qū dergaxten, for example~I<sup>t</sup>ll visit canguaii bal there another time.</p>
<p>B: fiSo. WSmen xu&amp;n Jlge yao- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All right. Let’s choose a fev</p>
<p>Jlnde dlfang cangu&amp;n hXo le. important places to visit.</p>
<p>Notes on No. ^</p>
<p>•l?n: <sup>n</sup>to be tight ,<sup>n</sup> in both literal and figurative senses.</p>
<p>ZhelshuSng xli tkl Jin. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;These shoes are too tight.</p>
<p>BX men gu&amp;njln. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shut the door tight.</p>
<p>WSde shfjian Snpalde h?n Jin. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I have a very tight schedule.</p>
<p>tTfang shu5., .ba: Ba can be used at the end of a bīf&amp;nK shu5 phrase. Compare the use of shown in unit 5.</p>
<p>youerytiSn: <sup>n</sup>kindergarten,<sup>n</sup> literally,，’young-child-garden<sup>n</sup> In Taivan, the vord youzhiyuĀn is used instead.</p>
<p>xuXn: <sup>n</sup>to chooae,” ”to select<sup>11</sup>; <sup>w</sup>to elect<sup>11</sup></p>
<p>Tamen zuln v8 zu5 daitiSode* shf- When they elected me as representative, hou, vS hln *b立 hSo yisi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I vas very embarrassed.</p>
<p>Ta zai shSngdlanll zSule bantian She walked around the store for a y? mei xuXndao ta xlhuande &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;long time but didn<sup>f</sup>t find anything</p>
<p>dongxi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;she liked- (XuSn is often used</p>
<p>for &quot;selecting’<sup>1</sup>--buying--items at a store,)</p>
<p>5. A: Cong chXnliSlngshang kan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;From the point of viev of yield，the</p>
<p>ChĀng.Hang ySfn^nde n6ngyě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;agricultural production situation</p>
<p>shengchin qingkuang zhen b1a south of the Yangtze River is really cuō. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;good.</p>
<p>B: Cbingjl&amp;ng ylnin bta yong shu5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For the eLrea south of the Yangtze that</p>
<p>le, .1 ill shi Ch£ngji£ng y3Tb?i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;goes vithout saying, but even north</p>
<p>shengchXn qingkuang y? g&amp;n- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of the Yangtze the level of produc-</p>
<p>sh&amp;ngl&amp;i la! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tion Is catching up!</p>
<p>Notes on No, 5</p>
<p>c6ng ch&amp;nliSngshang kan: &quot;from the point of viev of yield&quot; Other examples of this pattern: c$ng shilllangshang kan<sub>t</sub> &quot;from the point of viev of numb ers / quant ity<sup>n</sup>; cong fazhSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shang kan, &quot;from the point of viev</p>
<p>of developing the econony/<sup>1</sup> —</p>
<p>Ch&amp;ng.U&amp;ng: ”Long_River,&quot; the Yangtze, nov called the Ch&amp;ngJi&amp;ng in PRC publications. China<sup>f</sup>s longest river (6,300 kilometers)<sub>f</sub> the ChangjIang Is an important artery of vater transportation, passing through the cities of Ch6ngqing, WtJhan, N&amp;njlng, and ShanghSi.</p>
<p>• • .ytnfci: &quot;to the south of…&quot;YTbgl is &quot;to the north of.&quot;</p>
<p>Jtazi zhong z&amp;l Ch&amp;ngjl&amp;ng ylnin Tangerines grown south of the Chang-shl tl&amp;nde, diole Ch&amp;ngji£ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jiang are sveet, but north of the</p>
<p>jrTb8i Jifi ch^ngle kttde le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Changji&amp;ng, they become bitter.</p>
<p>.1iu shl&gt; • &gt;&nbsp;•: Cl) <sup>w</sup>even..(2) &quot;even If ... <sup>11</sup></p>
<p>(1) Jiii shi v5 y8 zhīdao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Even 1^ knov that.</p>
<p>Jiii shi xuězh? y? bii dSng zheige Even scholars do not understand venti• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;this prob1em•</p>
<p>Zhěige āk pfngguB shi v8 tětiě I picked this &quot;big apple out especially xuXnchulal g?i nlde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for you.</p>
<p>*daitiS£, ”representative, delegate” （TVL， Unit 8)</p>
<p>(2) Ta shu5 Jiūflhi nl qu zuo y? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He said that even if you did it,</p>
<p>zuSbuhXo. 一 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you vouldn<sup>f</sup>t do it right.</p>
<p>Nl Jiiiahi nXile v8 y? bū chi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Even if you bought it I wouldn’t</p>
<p>eat it.</p>
<p>b亡 yong shu5 X，,1iu shi Y y蒌•••： This three-part pattern means ’’For X, that goes vithout saying, but even Y is....<sup>n</sup> Sometimes in English ve mention the parts X and Y in the reverse order: ”Even Y is • . . , not to mention X.”</p>
<p>Něige difang zhen hSověnr, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That place is really f\in. Even</p>
<p>yong shuo xiSohair, Jiū shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;grovn-ups have a great time there,</p>
<p>daren y? zai nar v^nrde hen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;not to mention children.</p>
<p>gaoxing.</p>
<p>For yong shu5t you can often substitute bC yao shu5* For ,1iū shi, you can substitute lijLn. For ye, you can substitute dou.</p>
<p>When the clause after has tū or m|l, you can translate yong shu5 as &quot;much less&quot;:</p>
<p>Bt! yong shu5 zhongxuesheng<sub>9</sub> Jiū Even graduate students cannot under-shi yinjiūsheng ye kānbudSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;stand this article, much less high</p>
<p>zhelplan venzhǎng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;school students.</p>
<p>W8 bli yong shuo xi?, liSn ting I couldn<sup>f</sup>t even keep up listening to y? lfiitujI. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it, much less write it dovn.</p>
<p>Bli yao shuo qū kan di any Ing, v8 I don<sup>f</sup>t even have time to eat <sub>9</sub> much lifin chi f&amp;nde sh^Jifin d5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;less go to the movies,</p>
<p>meiyou.</p>
<p>gfashanglai: <sup>n</sup>to catch up” hurrying CgSn means &quot;to burry”）</p>
<p>Ta sulrin bizigle hSoJItlan, k?shi Although he has &quot;been sick, for quite xuexf hfiishl gSnsbanglal le, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a fev days, he has caught up vith</p>
<p>his schoolvork.</p>
<p>W8 ySu dlXnr shi, nlmen xl£n zSu I have something I have to do. You ba! Ding ylhulr v8 Jiu gSn- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;go on ahead. I<sup>f</sup>11 catch up vith</p>
<p>shanglal. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you in &amp;&nbsp;minute.</p>
<p>6. A: ShSudū G&amp;ngti? gongsīde gong- Do all the workers in the Capital Iron ren d5u zai zheige shftfcig &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and Steel Company eat in this dining</p>
<p>chi fan ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hall?</p>
<p>B: Ou, vSmen gSngs! ySu h5oJIvan 0h» our company has tens of thousands zhfgSng. .1 iashu, y5u bū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of staff and workers and their fam-</p>
<p>shSode da shltěng ne! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ilies. There are lots of large</p>
<p>dining halls 1</p>
<p>Notes on No« 6</p>
<p>g£ngti8: Literally, &quot;steel-iron,&quot; tut usually translated as &quot;iron and steel (The usual order of paired vords in Chinese and English is ofteir the same, tut somettmes differs. Other examples are tata mama, &quot;mom and dad”； yeye nXinal. &quot;grandma and grandpa.<sup>n</sup>)</p>
<p>shftang: &quot;dining hall,” &quot;cafeteria,” &quot;mess hall&quot;</p>
<p>zhfgSng: <sup>n</sup>staff and vorkers<sup>n</sup>; &quot;staff member or worker<sup>11</sup></p>
<p>Zheige chSngde zhigong dabufen The staff and workers of this shi nude. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;factory are mostly vomen.</p>
<p>Zheige zhfgǒng xuexiao ySu bū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This staff and worker school has shSo hSn h&amp;ode iSoshī, tSmen a lot of good teachers vho are d5u āui zhfgong Jiaoyu hen very interested and enthusiastic rěxln. toward staff and vorker education.</p>
<p>ZhfgSng shlt&amp;ng ch^ngch£ng mai Staff and worker dining halls often lSng tin* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sell cold food.</p>
<p>.liaahtt: &quot;family members,<sup>11 n</sup>(family) dependents&quot;</p>
<p>Guibude JiSshtt ch&amp;ngch&amp;ng shoudao The families of cadres often teti^de zhSogu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;receive special care.</p>
<p>Daqingde gongren JiSahi! h?n duo Many families of workers at Daqing d5u shi n6ngmfp. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;are peasants.</p>
<p>NOTE: Although In context .jiashfl may be translated as &quot;family, as in the sentence above, it is different from ,1i5tfng. Jiatfng refers to the family unit, the household. Jiashfl refers collectively to the family members other than the head of household.</p>
<p>y8u bū sh&amp;ode d&amp;shltfcig ne!: On this use of ne, see Unit 3 Reference Notes<sub>y</sub> Notes on No. 5• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;—</p>
<p>7. A: ShcLngci v8 cfcigufa qiche zht- It seems to me I sav him someplace the zaoch^ngde shfhou hSoxl&amp;ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;time I visited the automobile plant.</p>
<p>zSfnSjiSiiguo t&amp;<sub>9</sub> tfi shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Isn*t he a staff member or vorker</p>
<p>narde zhfg5ng &quot;ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;there?</p>
<p>B: Nfn gXocuo le, tS shi vSmen You're mistaken. He<sup>1</sup> a one of our LmcZngahěde gongzud rěnyuan. Travel Service personnel.</p>
<p>Botes on Ho. T</p>
<p>zhtzao: &quot;to manufacture，” as in ZhSngguo zhizao, &quot;Made in China.&quot; zhtzaoch&amp;ng, &quot;plant,” ”fury&quot;</p>
<p>zai nlr .Hanguo ta: &quot;have seen him somevhere” NSr, like other question vorda used in statements, becomes an indefinite pronoun here: &quot;somevhere•”</p>
<p>WS jlde v8 sal nSr chīguo zheige I remember having this dish 'somewhere cai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;before.</p>
<p>gSocuo: &quot;to get (something) wrong” or &quot;to do (something) wrong”</p>
<p>Biě gSocud le, zheige zi h?n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don’t get it wrong; this character</p>
<p>fttzfi ne! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is very complicated!</p>
<p>0, w8 gSocuo le, ta &quot;bfi shi w8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, I'm mistaken. She isn't the</p>
<p>yao zhSode nelge nShfiizi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;young woman I<sup>f</sup>m looking for.</p>
<p>T5 &quot;bS zheige věntf gSocuo le, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He has misunderstood this problem,</p>
<p>meiyou name &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>1</sup> s not that complicated.</p>
<p>Compare other verbs that have the resultative ending ending -cuo:</p>
<p>Nl niancuo le ba, zheige zi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You've read it vrong, haven<sup>1</sup>1 you? I</p>
<p>hSoxlang bti nl&amp;n Ifie, nl&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;don't think this character Is read</p>
<p>lie. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lilě; it's read lie.</p>
<p>XlSoxIn, bii ySo zSucuS. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Careful, don<sup>f</sup>t go the wrong vay.</p>
<p>rěnyn^n: &quot;personnel,” &quot;staff&quot; Often used in gSngzuo rěnyuan, &quot;working personnel,&quot; ”staff member.<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>Zheli suSySude gongzud rěnyuin All the personnel here have d5u shangguo daxuě. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;attended college.</p>
<p>WSmen xianzai xuyao h?n duo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We nov need a lot of scientific</p>
<p>dSng Ylngyflde kejt rěnya£n. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and technical personnel vho</p>
<p>understand English.</p>
<p>8. A: Nlmen chSng yfbinr ylshangde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At your factory, over half of your</p>
<p>gongren sushě dou shi xīnde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;workers<sup>f</sup> living quarters are nev! ma!</p>
<p>B: Nei Jlniin, sūshe běl gXode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;During those fev years, the living</p>
<p>luinqfbazio, zhl hSo gal &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;quarters vere wrecked up, ve had no</p>
<p>xīnde le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;choice but to build nev ones.</p>
<p>Notes on No. 8</p>
<p>yfban ytshang: ’’over half&quot; Ytshang and ylxia are used after quantities to mean, respectively, ’’ever” and &quot;under an amount.</p>
<p>Zhěrde y£nj iusheng, sǎnshisui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Not many of the graduate students here</p>
<p>ylxiade bii tai due. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;are under thirty.</p>
<p>Zai B?ijlng, vSceng l6u ylshang- In B?iJIng, only buildings over five de dilfiu cii ySu diantl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;stories high have elevators.</p>
<p>BXifen zhl tSshfvS ylshangde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Over eighty-five percent of the popula-</p>
<p>Zh5nggu6 renkSu shi n6ngznfn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tion of China is made up of peasants.</p>
<p>sūshě: &quot;living quarters<sup>n</sup>; <sup>n</sup>dormitory<sup>rt</sup> This can either refer to the kind of quarters ve think of as dormitories, vith many people living and sleeping in each large room, or it can mean housing provided by an institution for its workers, vith each family living in separate quarters.</p>
<p>Zhěi difangr shi gangtiSch£ngde This place is the vorkers<sup>f</sup> quarters gSngren sushe. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of the iron and steel plant•</p>
<p>Waijiaobiide sushě bJ biěde &quot;būde The Foreign Ministry living quarters sushe dou pleLollang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;are better-looking than those of</p>
<p>any other ministry.</p>
<p>nei jlpiSn: ”those fev years” This is currently a vay of referring to the period of the Cultural Revolution.</p>
<p>bei: This is a prepositional verb vhich Indicates the DOER of the action, similar to the English &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in passive sentences (like ”John vas hit by Bill”）•</p>
<p>In sentences vith bei, the subject of the sentence is the receiver of the action and the object of bei is the doer of the action:</p>
<p>W5de zidiSn bei r^n JiězSu le. My dictionary vas borroved by</p>
<p>someone.</p>
<p>Nei Jlnifin, zhSngge shehui bei Those fev years, the vhole society Jlge ren gSode luanqrbazao, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vas messed up by a fev people;</p>
<p>zhen měi bānfS shuo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it is really sad.</p>
<p>Unlike most prepositional verbs, bei can be used vithout an object, as in sentence 8B. Here is another example:</p>
<p>WSde xīn qiche &quot;be't zhuang le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;My nev car vas hit.</p>
<p>9. A: L&amp;l! Bl zhel Jlge JlXozl d5u Come on. Polish off Cliterally, xi&amp;omle le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;exterminate&quot;] these dumplings!</p>
<p>B: ^Xiaomie&quot; JlXozl? W5 dao mei &quot;Polish off” dumplings? I丨ve never tīngguo zheige shuofSr! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;heard that expression before!</p>
<p>Notes on No* 9</p>
<p>LĀi!; Notice that l£i does not necessarily mean &quot;come here,&quot; but can also mean ^come on<sup>w</sup> and do some action.</p>
<p>L£l, z£nznen gan yibei! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Come on, let<sup>f</sup>s empty a glass</p>
<p>together!</p>
<p>L&amp;l &quot;ba, vSmen sh&amp;ng kě &quot;ba, &quot;bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Came on, let<sup>f</sup>s get on vith class and</p>
<p>shu8 bl^de le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;stop talking about other things.</p>
<p>Lil lfii l£i, v8 l£i g?i nlmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nov everyone, let me introduce</p>
<p>jieahao v8 gen nlmen shuoguode Professor Li£ng, vhom I’ve told Llfing Jiaoahou, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you about before.</p>
<p>xiāomlě: <sup>n</sup>to extermlnate/elimlnate/vlpe out/stamp out” bad things such as landlords, the enemy, illness, poverty, illiteracy, rats, flies, etc. In sentence 9， it is used humorously,</p>
<p>bS.•.xiaomiě le!: You long ago learned le, the marker of completion. Here, indicates that the action of the verb gets rid of something in one fell svoop. Here are other examples for comparison:</p>
<p>BS zheige zhuozi maile ba, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sell this table. It*s of no use</p>
<p>měi yěng le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;anymore.</p>
<p>BS dlanshi guānle, v5 bū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Turn off the T.V. I don<sup>f</sup>t vant to</p>
<p>k&amp;n le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vatch any more.</p>
<p>BX ylfu tu5le ba, zhěr tai re. Take off your coat; it<sup>f</sup>s too hot</p>
<p>here.</p>
<p>This use of Le is especially frequent vith the adverb dou, &quot;all”:</p>
<p>Dou mSlle ba! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Why not buy all of them!</p>
<p>Dou hele ba! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Drink the vhole thing!</p>
<p>dao: ”yet, nevertheless, on the contrary” This is a very common adverb vith one &quot;basic idea to it--the idea of contrasting one element vith another. Depending on the context, the translation into English vill differ. Here are examplea of the main contexts In which you vill encounter dao:</p>
<p>(1) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;One particular element in the sentence is contrasted vith something previously mentioned, about to be mentioned, or understood. (The contrasted elements are underlined in the follovlng examples.)</p>
<p>A: Ni xiSng diSn sb^nine? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vhat vould you like to drink?</p>
<p>B: W8 bti xlSng shenme, v8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don<sup>f</sup>t feel like having anything to</p>
<p>dio xlSng chī dlSn sh^nzne. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;drink. I would like something to</p>
<p>eat, though.</p>
<p>Xia yttde shihou nl dal s&amp;n, On rainy days you don^ take an 一.llntl&amp;n bfi xift y5 nī dao dal &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;umbrella vith you, but today, vhen</p>
<p>sSn! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it isn<sup>f</sup>t raining, you do take one</p>
<p>vith you!</p>
<p>(2) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The vhole situation expressed by the sentence contrasts vith another particular set of circumstances previously mentioned, about to be mentioned, or understood.</p>
<p>B&amp;nsbang zui hSode xLiěsheng zhěi- The best student in the class did the ci dao kiode zui bu h5o. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;worst on the exam this time.</p>
<p>A: Jlnnifin dSngti&amp;n zhSn lfaigl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>1</sup>8 really cold this vlnter!</p>
<p>B: Sheng bingde r^n dao shXo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fever people have been getting sick,</p>
<p>though.</p>
<p>A: Zhě fingxl rJinm xllo, you &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This house/apartment is so small,</p>
<p>name gul. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and so expensive.</p>
<p>B: K?shl nl shang b£n du6 f£ng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;But it<sup>f</sup>s so convenient for you to</p>
<p>Man! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;go to work.</p>
<p>A: Na d&amp;o shi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Well, that<sup>1</sup> s true.</p>
<p>WS daoshi xlSng bang m£ng, Jiu I did vant to help, it<sup>1</sup> s Just that I shi měi shfjlan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;didn’t have the time.</p>
<p>Shlqing d&amp;oshl guoqu le, h?n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It vas over with, but we couldn<sup>r</sup>t</p>
<p>ch&amp;ng shfji&amp;n y? vangbuliSo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;forget about it for a long time.</p>
<p>Na dao mei guanxi, zhl yao ta bfl That doesn’t matter. As long as he Jieyi Jiū suan le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;doesn<sup>f</sup>t mind, then let it go at that.</p>
<p>(3) The vhole sentence contrasts with expectations• In these cases, dao</p>
<p>sometimes implies satisfaction vith the state of affairs, sometimes</p>
<p>dissatisfaction, and sometimes Is neutral. In addition, it sometimes</p>
<p>h&amp;s an ironic meaning, as in the last three examples belov.</p>
<p>YSu zhelyangde shi! VS dao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is that so! Why, I didn’t knov!</p>
<p>bū zhīdao!</p>
<p>Aiya! W8 dao *bS zhei Jian shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh no! I forgot about that!</p>
<p>vang le!</p>
<p>S&amp;nahlkuflLl? Na dao bil gui. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thirty dollars? That<sup>f</sup>s not so</p>
<p>expensive. (Dao Implies &quot;I vould have expected it to &quot;be more.<sup>n</sup>)</p>
<p>EUguS zhen shi zheiyang, dao h£i If that<sup>1</sup>s really true, then there<sup>1</sup>s ySu xīvang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;still hope after all.</p>
<p>Hng, nī dio zhen JiXng chī a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Well! Quite the gourmet aren’t you!</p>
<p>(.1i&amp;ig»to &quot;be meticulous about)</p>
<p>Hng! Nl dlo shuSde hXotlng! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hnzph! You make it sound easy! Let's</p>
<p>Nl zud zuo kan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;see you do it!</p>
<p>Ta shuo v8 bū gii zhěme zud, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He says I shouldn’t have done this,</p>
<p>vS d&amp;o xlSng zhld&amp;o ta shi v8 &quot;but I’d like to knov vhat he vould zSzme zud! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have done if he were me!</p>
<p>10. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: WS faxian nlmende gSngzuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I find that your vork is proceeding</p>
<p>Jinxlngde &quot;bti cuo zaa! Bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;very veil. I don<sup>T</sup>t suppose you need</p>
<p>xuyao shfJian le ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any more time.</p>
<p>B: Nl shuSde dao r6ngyi! Nl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That<sup>?</sup>s easy for you to say. You don't</p>
<p>zhīdao vSmen yongle duoshSo knov hov much of our time after yěyu shfjian! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hours ve used!</p>
<p>Notes on No, 10</p>
<p>f&amp;xi&amp;n: &quot;to discover,&quot; &quot;to find out”； ”discovery”</p>
<p>WS daole y6ujli cěi faxian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I didn’t discover I had forgotten to</p>
<p>vang dai xin le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;bring the letters vith me until I</p>
<p>was at the post office•</p>
<p>H?n duo ylxue da faxian dou fa- Many great medical discoveries vere shěng zai gongye geming ylhou. made after the industrial revolution.</p>
<p>The phrase V8 faxian • • • is often used to preface an observation made about &amp;&nbsp;person, or &amp;&nbsp;fact that has Just come to one’s attention:</p>
<p>WS fSxikn nī h?n n^ng chi! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I see you have quite a big appetite!</p>
<p>.linxlng: <sup>n</sup>to carry on»<sup>n w</sup>to conduct <sub>9</sub><sup>n n</sup>to proceed&quot;</p>
<p>Zhelide tSolūn Jinxfngde &quot;bti cuo, The discussion here Is proceeding veil; věntf kuSi shangllanghSo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the problem has almost &quot;been resolved.</p>
<p>yěyfi: <sup>w</sup>spare-time,<sup>w</sup> ”after hours,” &quot;amateur” NOTE: ”Spare time” as a noun must be translated as yeyH shfjlan*</p>
<p>YeyH shljian w8 xlhuan kan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I like to read fiction in my spare</p>
<p>xlXoshuǒ. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;time.</p>
<p>TS shi yěyli y\Jy£nxuěji5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He is an amateur linguist.</p>
<p>11. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: ChXng llngdXo hetozhSo qufin- The leadership of our factory made an</p>
<p>chXng gongren zheige yue &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;appeal to the vorkers of the vhole</p>
<p>du5 ahengchSn sfbXltū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;factory to produce four hundred more</p>
<p>qichS. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cars this month.</p>
<p>B: Bd cuo a! Na zheige yuěde That<sup>1</sup>s great! Then this month<sup>1</sup>s</p>
<p>chSnllang chabuduo dfagyiS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;output is about equal to one and a</p>
<p>shangge yuěde yf*běi ban la! half times last month<sup>1</sup> s!</p>
<p>Notes on No, 11</p>
<p>Haozhao or haozhg.c -eans to Issue an official appeal to engage in some activity:</p>
<p>Zhengft! b&amp;ozhao nianqīng ren &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The government calls on young people</p>
<p>n&amp;li xu&amp;cl kexue zhlsbl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to vork hard to acquire scientific</p>
<p>knovledge.</p>
<p>Yīnggfil hiozbCo dijiS xletng ta We should call on everyone to learn xaixl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;from her.</p>
<p>Chuntian lai le, you haozhao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Spring is here; they<sup>1</sup> re issuing calls</p>
<p>zhong shū le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to plant trees again.</p>
<p>LlngdXode haozhao zSng shi yi Appeals from the leaders are alvays kǎlsh! h?n duo rěn ting, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;folloved &quot;by many people in the</p>
<p>houlfii Jiū měi rěn 2hūyi le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;beginning, then later people stop</p>
<p>paying attention to them.</p>
<p>-bū: This Is an extremely common and useful counter. It is used for cars, buses, machines, movies, and long books.</p>
<p>Zhel shi yfbū JlXng huaxue &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This is a movie about chemical</p>
<p>zhknzhengde difinylng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;warfare.</p>
<p>d?ngy(i; &quot;to &quot;be equal to”</p>
<p>ěr Jia er d?ngyti si. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Two plus tvo equals four.</p>
<p>D^pgyfi is more often used In a non-mathematical sense:</p>
<p>Ta zheiyang zu5, d?ngylS bfi nl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;By doing this, he is in effect</p>
<p>zudde quin dou gSl le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;changing everything you have done.</p>
<p>(Literally, ”For him to do this is equal to changing all you have done.”）</p>
<p>»bel: &quot;times,<sup>w</sup> ”-fold,” as in</p>
<p>sfinbei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;three times/threefold</p>
<p>shfběl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ten times/tenfold</p>
<p>yibXitei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;one hundred times/hundredfold</p>
<p>Amounts vith -bei can be used in tvo different patterns, and the type of pattern used Influences the meaning* as follovs:</p>
<p>EQUIVALENCE PAOTSUI (A ■ x times y)</p>
<p>expresses equivalence &quot;betveen tvo amounts —uses the verb shi, y8u&gt; or dfagyfl</p>
<p>Examples: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Llii shi erde sanbel. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Six is three times tvo.</p>
<p>Tade shu y5u v5de sfběi. He has four times as many</p>
<p>books as I.</p>
<p>Jlnniande shourū d?ngylS This year*s income is qūniande llSngbei. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;twice last year<sup>1</sup> s.</p>
<p>COMPARISON PATTERN (A is x times more than y)</p>
<p>一■expresses comparison &quot;betveen tvo ainouzits _usm bl<sub>f</sub> ^compared to,” <sup>w</sup>than&quot;</p>
<p>一nxsnber 'before -~běi must he translated into English as one more than the Chinese number</p>
<p>EXAMPLES: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Liu &quot;bl ěr du5 liSngtei, Six is three times as</p>
<p>much as tvo.</p>
<p>Tade shū bl v5de duo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He has four times as</p>
<p>sanbei. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;many books as I.</p>
<p>JlnniSnde shouru bl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This year<sup>1</sup>s income is</p>
<p>quniln duo yi'běi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tvice last year' s.</p>
<p>As you see, if you use liSngběi， &quot;tvo times,<sup>11</sup> in a comparison sentence, the meaning comes out to <sup>n</sup>the base amount plus tvo times the base amount. I.e., three tines the &quot;base amount. Likewise, if you use yfběi, <sup>M</sup>one time<sub>f</sub><sup>w</sup> the meaning is <sup>n</sup>the base amount plus one time the base amount<sub>9</sub><sup>11</sup> or in other vorda, tvice the base amount.</p>
<p>Unit 了， Revlev Dialogue</p>
<p>This convepsation takes place on one of the China Travel Service tour</p>
<p>buses. The bus is on its vay to the Capital Iron and Steel Company in Liaoning</p>
<p>province. Jane Colihan (A)， an American economist, talks vith Lfng Li (B) of</p>
<p>the China Travel Service.</p>
<p>B: K&amp;lahan Nūshi, nln haishi gSnhui- Ms. Colihan, you made it back after lai le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all!</p>
<p>A: Shljian zai Jin, v5 ye děi gan- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No matter hov pressed I vas for</p>
<p>huilai canguan ShSudū GǎngtiS gong- time, I had to get &quot;back in time to sī a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;visit the Capital Iron and Steel Com</p>
<p>pany!</p>
<p>B: W5 xiang, nlmen zhěici dao Dong- I thought there vere so many places bei canguan, yao qūde difang name you vanted to go on this trip to Man-du5, shlji&amp;n ylcilng hSn Jīnzhang, churia that you vould be very rushed dAgai zhei li&amp;ngtian h&amp;i hulbulii. and vouldn 嘗t be able to get back by Mei xlSngdao, anpaide h£i tu cuō. today or tomorrov. I’m surprised it</p>
<p>vas so veil arranged.</p>
<p>A: Ng, CSngbSi fangmian gSode h5n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yeah. The people in Manchuria did</p>
<p>h&amp;o, vSmen canguǎnde difang Jiao- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;quite a good Job. Every place ve</p>
<p>t5ng dou hěn fangbian. Yanzhe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;visited, transportation vas convenient.</p>
<p>g5ngl旮，ylzhan ylzhan can- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Visiting each stop along the railroad</p>
<p>guangudau, zheme duo rende canguan- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and highvay, vith a tour group of that</p>
<p>tuān, shenme ventl d5u měiyou fa- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;size, no problems came up, and everyone</p>
<p>sheng, dajia dou hěn mSnyi, zhen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;was very pleased. It vas really veil</p>
<p>shi giode bfi cuo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;handled.</p>
<p>B: Nln t&amp;i keqi le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>f</sup>s so nice of you to say that.</p>
<p>A: Bti shi keqi, zhei shi zhende. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I，m not Just saying it, it<sup>f</sup>s the</p>
<p>Dui le, zheicī lilxlng, w5 hfii fa- truth! Oh yes, I found out something xianle yljian hěn y8u yiside shir* very interesting during the trip.</p>
<p>5: Shenme shir a? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What?</p>
<p>A: Pěi vSmen cSnguSnde jrlvěi n3 gong- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A voman on the staff that accompanied</p>
<p>zuo r6nyu£n<sub>f</sub> c6ngqi&amp;n zai ylge ren- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;us on the trip used to be &amp;&nbsp;coznznune</p>
<p>mln gongshe zud eheyixin<sub>9</sub> hotilāi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;member, then became &amp;&nbsp;worker in a fac-</p>
<p>hai zai ylge gongchSng 2UO gongren, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tory, and then started to vork in the</p>
<p>liSngnifiň ylqifin k&amp;ishl zai Luxlng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(China) Travel Service tvo years ago.</p>
<p>she gongzud, ta zhen shi ylvei hSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She’s really &amp;&nbsp;great guide. dSoyōu.</p>
<p>B: Ta shi bu shi HeilSngJiang rěn? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is she a native of Heil6ngjiang?</p>
<p>A: B&lt;i shi, ta b&lt;i shi Heilongjiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No, she's not &amp;&nbsp;native of Heilfing-</p>
<p>rěn, k?shl ta dui narde qlnglcuang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jiāng, but she really knovs the place</p>
<p>h&amp;l zhen ahllxl. Lishl, venhua, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;veil. History, culture, industry,</p>
<p>gSngye» n6ngyě, shenme ta dou zhi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;agriculture, you name it. She<sup>f</sup>s very</p>
<p>dao. Ting ta t&amp;nqilai zhen you &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;interesting to listen to. yisi.</p>
<p>B: W5 zhīdao ta shi shei le, ta c6ng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I knov vho she is. She used to &quot;be</p>
<p>qi&amp;n shi qiche zhizaochǎngde gong- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a vorker in an automobile manufacturing</p>
<p>ren, xianzai shi Luxlngshěde xian- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;plant， and now she's one of the Travel</p>
<p>Jin gongzudzbe. Ta Jiao Jin XiSo- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Service<sup>f</sup>s advanced vorkers, Her name</p>
<p>měi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is Jīn XiSoměi.</p>
<p>A: Dul le, dui le. N? zhě yi shuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right, right. That reminds me, one</p>
<p>v5 dao xiSngqilal le, you yitian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;day our &quot;biiB broke dovn, and everyone</p>
<p>vSmen zuode něibxi qiche huaile, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vas very worried. We didn't think ve</p>
<p>dajia dou hen dǎnxīn, vSmen xl&amp;ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;could possibly make it in time for our</p>
<p>vSmen yiding gSnbushang canguan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tour. But that advanced worker worked</p>
<p>le. K^shi něivei xianjin gongzuS- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;under the bus for a vhlle vith some</p>
<p>zhe he Jlge ren zai qiche xie^i&amp;nr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;other people, and in less than ten</p>
<p>m&amp;ngle ythuīr, bti dao shlfen zhong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;minutes the bus vas fixed! ba, che Jiu xiuhao le!</p>
<p>B: Suoyi neitian nlmen hiishi &amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;So that day, you still made it to</p>
<p>yfixilXn Jihua, yao qūde dlfang dou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all the places you were supposed to go,</p>
<p>qii le? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;according to your tour schedule?</p>
<p>A: Shi a. W5 ySu shihour Jiū xl&amp;ng, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. Sometime8 I think to myself,</p>
<p>zheivei Jin XiSomei zhen shi xiang- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;this Jin XiSoměi is really quite a</p>
<p>dSng cSngmingde ren, tā zSmne bti qū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;smart person, why doesn<sup>f</sup>t she go to</p>
<p>sh&amp;ng dflLxue ne? Shi bu shi Wenhua &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;college? Did she do something wrong</p>
<p>Da Gemingde shihou ySu shenme shi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;during the Cxiltural Revolution? qing gSocud le?</p>
<p>B: 6, mei shenme shlqing. Xianzai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, no. Now, no matter vhere you</p>
<p>bū guSn zai ix&amp;r gongzud d5u ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vork, you have a lot of opportunities</p>
<p>hen duo Jīhui ni&amp;n shū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to study.</p>
<p>A: 6, shi ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, really?</p>
<p>B: Shi a<sub>v</sub> bifang shu5, vSmen Jin- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sure. For example, the iron and</p>
<p>tiǎn yio canguande zheige gǎngtiě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;steel company that we're going to</p>
<p>gongsī ba* llngdSo haozhao zhlgong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;visit today: the leaders appeal to</p>
<p>zai yeyfi shljian xuexl jishu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the workers and staff to study technology in their spare time.</p>
<p>A: YSu hen du5 rěn canjia ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are there a lot of people taking</p>
<p>part?</p>
<p>B: YSu. Jlnnifin zai yědaxue xuSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. The number of staff and vork-</p>
<p>kede zhlgSng dengyū V/enhua Da Gě- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ers taking [lit., ”selecting”] class-</p>
<p>mlng ylqiSnde liang- san'běi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;es at evening universities this year</p>
<p>is equal to tvo or three times the number before the Cultural Revolution.</p>
<p>A: Qlngku&amp;ng h?n hio a! Name Wen- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That<sup>1</sup>s good! And vhat about during</p>
<p>hua Da G&amp;ningde shihou ne? Y5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Cultural Revolution? Were there</p>
<p>meiyou yed&amp;zuS a? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;evening universities then?</p>
<p>B: Něi shihou, zhengger guojia dou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Back then, the vhole country vas</p>
<p>bei gǎode luanqrbazao le, hai ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;messed up. Evening universities?</p>
<p>shenme yědaxue a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hardly!</p>
<p>A: Xianzai iAo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nov it<sup>f</sup>s better.</p>
<p>B: Xi&amp;nzai hloduo le, gongsī ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Much better. The company has dining</p>
<p>shltang, y5u youěryuan, nianqīng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;halls and kindergartens. Not only</p>
<p>gongren bū yong shuo le, jiu shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;young vorkers, even staff and workers</p>
<p>ySu b&amp;izide zhlgong ye ySu tiao- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vith children are able to take (evening)</p>
<p>jian shang daxuě la! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;university courses.</p>
<p>A: Zěome， gongsīde zhlgong d5u zhu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What? The staff and workers of the</p>
<p>zāl gongsī sūshell ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;company all live in company housing?</p>
<p>B: ShSudū Gāngtie Gongsī bl ylge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Capital Iron and Steel Cosrpany</p>
<p>xlSo cheng h&amp;l da, bilfen zhī qī- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is even bigger than a tovn. More than</p>
<p>bashi yl8hflLngde zhlgong he Jiashu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;seventy or eighty percent of the staff</p>
<p>d5u zhū z&amp;i gSngsīde sūshěli, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and workers and their families live in</p>
<p>shang» x±i ban fāngbian, shenghuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;company housing. It makes it more</p>
<p>fāngMan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;convenient to go to vork. and to get</p>
<p>home from vork, and makes daily life more convenient.</p>
<p>A: Nā hSo, na zhen kěyi y5u shljian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That<sup>f</sup>s good. Then they really have</p>
<p>nian yidiSnr shū le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;time to study.</p>
<p>B: Su6yl cSngmingde， nSll xuexl de &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;So the smart young people vho vork</p>
<p>nianqīngrěn yiding ySu banfS nian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hard are assured of the chance to</p>
<p>8hūde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;go to school.</p>
<p>A: Dui. Ng, vS h£i ySu yfge věntl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right. Uh, I have another question.</p>
<p>B: Shenme věntl? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What?</p>
<p>A: W5 hSozliLng sal bSoshang haishi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I remember seeing an article, I think</p>
<p>zai nSr kiLnJi«nguo yipian věnzhang, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in the nevspaper or somevhere, that</p>
<p>shuo Ch&amp;ngjlang ffijln, 3, Chang- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;said that in the Yangtze River area,</p>
<p>Jiang yln&amp;n y? ySu ylge xiar.dai- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;no, to the south of the Yangtze, there</p>
<p>hu&amp;de gangtiS gongsī, bl Shoudu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is another modern iron and steel com-</p>
<p>Gǎngtie Gongsī h£i dl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pany that<sup>f</sup> s even larger than the</p>
<p>Capital Iron and Steel Company*</p>
<p>B: Shi a. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right.</p>
<p>A: ChfingjiSng ylnan shi 2hor^-：.*aode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The area to the south of the Yangtze</p>
<p>nfingyěqū, c6ng fa^hSn JīngJish&amp;ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is an importajat agricultural area,</p>
<p>kin, bXoxiang y5u yldlinr tai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;from the point of view of economic</p>
<p>heshl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;development it doesn<sup>f</sup>t seem to 'be</p>
<p>too appropriate. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•</p>
<p>B: Dul, gongye vurSn dui nongyě fa- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right• Industrial pollution isn<sup>1</sup>1</p>
<p>zhan meiyou hSochu, vSmen zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;good for agricultural development•</p>
<p>xi&amp;ng banf&amp;. ShSudū gangtie gōng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We're working on it. The Capital Iron</p>
<p>sī ye ySu vūrSnde věntl* nl zhīdao, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and Steel Company also has a pollution</p>
<p>zhong gongye dui shSudǔ lai shu5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;problem. Heavy industry isn<sup>f</sup>t very</p>
<p>ke bū tai heshi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;appropriate for a capital city, you</p>
<p>knov.</p>
<p>A: Name nlde yisi shi, Beijing bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Then you mean that Bei Jīng isn't</p>
<p>zhǔnběl zai fazhSn zhong gongye &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;planning to develop their heavy indus-</p>
<p>le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;try any further?</p>
<p>B: Dul, zhei yidlSn, zhěngfǔde Juě- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right. On this point, the govern-</p>
<p>ding ahi hSn qīngchude* vSmen del &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ment<sup>1</sup>s decision Is very clear. We</p>
<p>&quot;bX BSlJīng Jianshecheng ylge y5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;should build Běijīng into a cultural</p>
<p>venhua* shenghu6 f&amp;ngbiem» JingJi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;city, convenient to live in, eco-</p>
<p>fadi, yōu fSichfing gǎnjingde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nomically developed—and very clean, chengshi.</p>
<p>A: 成o, vS xiSng v5 xianzai bīji&amp;o &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, I think I understand better</p>
<p>qingchu le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nov.</p>
<p>B: Ei, KSlahan Nushi, v8 2her h£i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, Ms. Colihan, I still have &amp;</p>
<p>ySu li&amp;ngyang shnīguS, vSmen bX ta &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;couple of fruits here, let<sup>1</sup>s polish</p>
<p>xlaomle le *b&amp;! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;them off!</p>
<p>A: <sup>w</sup>Xiaomie<sup>w</sup> le? HSo, hSo. WS dao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;”Polish them off?&quot; Ohhh. That<sup>f</sup>s</p>
<p>shi diyīci tlngjian zheige shuof&amp;r. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the first time I<sup>f</sup>ve ever heard that</p>
<p>expression.</p>
<p>B: Kuai yalo dao le, shuXguS qing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We<sup>1</sup> re almost there• The fruit is</p>
<p>ne, canguande shihou n£zhe ta du6 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kind of heavy. It vould be a bother</p>
<p>lei ya, h£ishl xiinzal bX ta chile &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to carry it around while ve tour. It</p>
<p>hSo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vould *be better to eat it nov.</p>
<p>A: BXo<sub>9</sub> ni Jiu xiexie le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All right, then thank you.</p>
<p>Unit T* Tape 2 Workbook</p>
<p>Exercise 1</p>
<p>This exercise is &amp;&nbsp;review of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker vill say a sentence in English, folloved by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker vill confirm your ansver.</p>
<p>All sentences from the Reference List vill occur only once• You may vant to revlnd the tape and practice this exercise several times.</p>
<p>Exercise 2</p>
<p>Iň this exercise, an American visiting the Běijīng Wristvatch Factory talks vith the responsible person of the workers<sup>1</sup> family living quarters.</p>
<p>The conversation occurs only once. After listening to it completely, you,11 probably vant to revind the tape and ansver the questions belov as you listen a second time.</p>
<p>Here are the new vords and phrases you vill need to understand this conversation:</p>
<p>-dSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for buildings)</p>
<p>yedaoue &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;evening universi ty</p>
<p>-men &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for school courses)</p>
<p>yaoburin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;otherwise</p>
<p>Questions for Exercise 2</p>
<p>Prepare your ansvers to these questions in Chinese so that you vill be able to give then orally in class.</p>
<p>1. What is the factory's family housing like?</p>
<p>2* What problem do the staff, vorkers, and technical personnel vho live in the cities have?</p>
<p>3. What activity may vorkers participate in? Hov many vorkers do this?</p>
<p>After you have answered these questions yourself, you may v&amp;nt to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also vant to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your ansvers.</p>
<p>Note: The translations used in these dialogues are meant to indicate the English functional equivalents :、rr the Chinese sentences rather than the literal meaning of the Chinese.</p>
<p>Exercise 3</p>
<p>In this conversation, an American tourist visiting a train engine factory in the north of China stops in at the kitchen of the factory <sup>f</sup>s dining hall and talks vith the chef.</p>
<p>Listen to the conversation once straight through. Then, on the second time through&gt; look belov and ansver the questions •</p>
<p>Here are the nev vords and phrases you vill need to understand this conversation:</p>
<p>d&amp; shlfu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chef</p>
<p>chang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to taste</p>
<p>lingvai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;other</p>
<p>dongbū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the eastern part of a country</p>
<p>Wūxl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(city in Jiangsu province)</p>
<p>Jiangn&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the area south of the lower</p>
<p>reaches of the Yangtze River</p>
<p>bū shi ti&amp;nde Jiū shi lade &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if it isn’t sveet, then it<sup>f</sup>s hot</p>
<p>nSngch&amp;ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;farm</p>
<p>yuch&amp;ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fishery</p>
<p>Questioas for Exercise 3</p>
<p>Prepare your ansvers to these questions in Chinese so that you vill be able to give them orally in class.</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Was the chef expecting a visitor? Hov can you tell?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Where is the chef from? (Give both the city, and vhere it is situated.)</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vhat kinds of food do people from that area like?</p>
<p>U* Where does the chef get his vegetables?</p>
<p>5. What happened to the factory*s food supply during the Cultural Bevolution? What appeal did the factory’s leadership make in 1977* and vhat vas the result?</p>
<p>After you have ansvered these questions yourself, you may vant to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also vant to listen to the conversation to help you practice saying the ansvers vhich you have prepared.</p>
<p>Exercise k</p>
<p>In this exercise, you vill hear a conversation between an American student and a young man in B?ijlng.</p>
<p>Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then revind the tape and listen again. On the second time through, ansver the questions.</p>
<p>You vill need the folloving nev vords and phrases:</p>
<p>zbai huar &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;.o pick flovers</p>
<p>Huingzhuang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(name of a commune)</p>
<p>zSng shour^ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;total income</p>
<p>fSlnzheng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;anyvay</p>
<p>tuī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to push</p>
<p>waihul &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;foreign exchange</p>
<p>gaozhong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;senior high school</p>
<p>-duS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for flowers)</p>
<p>Questions for Exercise U</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Where does the young man live?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How is his production brigade doing? How does he know about these things?</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What does his father like to do?</p>
<p>U. What are the young man's plans for the future?</p>
<p>After you have ansvered these questions yourself, you may vant to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the conversation ag&amp;ln to help you pronounce your ansvers correctly.</p>
<p>Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 2</p>
<p>An American visiting the BeiJīng Wristvatch Factory talks vith the</p>
<p>responsible person of the vorkers<sup>f</sup> family living quarters.</p>
<p>A: Nlmen chXngde Jiashu sūshe d5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Your factory's family housing is all</p>
<p>h?n ginjing, yě dou hen xīn ma! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;very clean and very nev!</p>
<p>B: WSmen chXngde sushě hai suan tū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Our factory’s housing is pretty good,</p>
<p>cuo, ch&amp;ng līngd&amp;o shu5 hfii yao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The factory's leadership says that a</p>
<p>zai gai JI dong xīn sushě ne! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fev more buildings are going to &quot;be</p>
<p>&quot;built, too.</p>
<p>A: Sushe h£i bu gou ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Isn't there enough housing yet?</p>
<p>B: Bū gou, vSmen chang ll chěngli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No. Our factory is very fax from</p>
<p>zhen yuSn, zhū zai chěnglide zhl- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the city. It's really pretty incon-</p>
<p>gong shang xia ban hai zhen shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;venient for the staff and workers vho</p>
<p>y5u di&amp;nr bi fangbian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;live in the city to get to and from</p>
<p>vork,</p>
<p>A: Xl&amp;nz&amp;l hfii ySu hen du5 gongren &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are there still a lot of vorkers</p>
<p>zhū zai chěngli ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;living in tovn?</p>
<p>B: YSu, hfii ySu bū shSo Jishu rěn- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, and there are also a lot of</p>
<p>yuan y5 zhū zai chěngli, Tětie shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;technical personnel living in tovn.</p>
<p>nelxie bii zai ylge chang gongzuode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Especially for those working couples</p>
<p>shu&amp;zigzhigong<sub>t</sub> shang xia ban Jl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vho don<sup>f</sup>t work in the same factory,</p>
<p>gSnggong qiche, bl shang ban hfil &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wrestling vith the buBes before and</p>
<p>lei, shljian chingle zenme xlng ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;after vork is even more tiring than</p>
<p>Su3yl vSmen zai mang ye del kuii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vork itself. How can you expect them</p>
<p>yldi&amp;nr du5 gal Jldong zhlgong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to keep that up very long? So no</p>
<p>sushe. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;matter hov busy ve are, ve have to</p>
<p>put up a few nev 'buildings for staff and vorkers.</p>
<p>A: Rang tamen dou b&amp;n dao chengv^i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And have them &amp;11 move from the</p>
<p>l£i zhū? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tovn out here?</p>
<p>B: Bxl, taaen k^yl zhxi ?ai stlsheli, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No, they can 9tay in the dormitories</p>
<p>mSige Xlngqlliū hul Jia Jiu xlng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;here, but go home every Saturday,</p>
<p>le. Zhěiyaagr, Xīngqīyī dao Xlng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That way, from Monday to Friday, they</p>
<p>qī\nidm yiyfi shljiin tamen Jiu kěyi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;can take courses after work at our</p>
<p>zil vSmb chXngde yědaxue xuSn ke, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;factory<sup>1</sup>s evening university, vhich</p>
<p>na du6 hSo! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vould be great.</p>
<p>A: Xianzai zai yedaxuě nian shǔde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are there a lot of workers taking</p>
<p>gongren du5 ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;classes at the evening university nov?</p>
<p>B: B立 shSo<sub>9</sub> chabuduo you ylban yi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Quite a few. Roughly over half</p>
<p>shangde qīngnl&amp;n gongren d5u xuXn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of our ycrnng workers take one or tvo</p>
<p>yiměn, liSngmen ke. Ting lSoshl- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;courses. According to the teachers,</p>
<p>men shuo, xianzai xueshengde shui- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the students<sup>1</sup> level has practically</p>
<p>ping dou kuai yao gǎnshang Wěnhua &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;caught up vith the pre-Cultural Rev-</p>
<p>Da Geming ylqiande xuěsheng laj &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;olution level.</p>
<p>A: K&amp;d vSde shlji&amp;n anp&amp;ide tai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>1</sup>9 too &quot;bad that I have such a</p>
<p>Jin, yaoturin v8 had zhen xiSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tight schedule, otherwise I'd really</p>
<p>z&amp;i yedaxue tīngting kě ne. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;like to sit in on some evening university classes.</p>
<p>B: Nln mei shiJi£n ting ke, qu he &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If you don’t have time to sit in on</p>
<p>ye daxuede l&amp;oshl tintan ye bāo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any classes, vhy not go talk vith some</p>
<p>ma. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of the evening university<sup>f</sup>s teachers?</p>
<p>A: Ng， keyi ting tSmen Jieshao Jiě- Mm, I could get some information</p>
<p>shao qlngku&amp;ng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;about the university from them.</p>
<p>B: Z5u, women dao bangongshl qu, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let<sup>f</sup>s go to the office and ask the</p>
<p>qXng d&amp;oyou tongzhi xianzai Jiu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;guide to accompany us right now. pel nlmen qil yltang.</p>
<p>A: HSo, zSu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, let’s go.</p>
<p>Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 3</p>
<p>An American tourist (A) visiting a train engine factory in the north of</p>
<p>China stops in at the kitchen of the factory dining hall and talks vith the</p>
<p>chef (B).</p>
<p>A: Pi shlfu, m£ngzhe na? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You must be very busy, chef.</p>
<p>B： B\l m&amp;ng, bū m&amp;ng, Jinlai zuo, v5 No, no, come in and sit dovn. I</p>
<p>gei nlmen chSole liSngge xiSo cai, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;made a couple of little stir-fried</p>
<p>qlng nlmen ch&amp;ngchang• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dishes for you. Please try them.</p>
<p>A： WSmen zeLi l^ngv&amp;i yige shlt&amp;ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We*ve already eaten in another</p>
<p>chīguo fflin le, chide h!&amp;o *bXo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dining hall. We*re very full.</p>
<p>B: Z&amp;i bSo y? dSi ch&amp;ngchazig, zhei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No matter hov full you are you must</p>
<p>shi t£ngciide, v5 zhīdao n!Cmen xl- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;try them. This one is sveet and sour,</p>
<p>huan chi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I know you people like that.</p>
<p>A: WS Jide v5 xiLi nSr chīguo, dut &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;工 remember having this somevhere.</p>
<p>le, shi z^l Hu&amp;shengd^bade ylge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh yes, it vas in &amp;&nbsp;Chinese restaiirant</p>
<p>Zhonggu6 finguXnrli, xoSici qai v5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in Washington. Whenever I vent there</p>
<p>dou qlng tases zud zheige. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I used to ask them to make this.</p>
<p>B: Xihuan chī Jiu ta dou chile &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If you like it, then eat it all!</p>
<p>ba! Nl gange4i shuode neige fan- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is the restaurant you Just mentioned</p>
<p>guSnr shi Sbacgh&amp;i feLnguSnr ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;ShSngh&amp;i - style restaurant?</p>
<p>A: Shi. Hdul£i v5 llk&amp;i d5ngb&amp; Jiu Yes. Later I left the east and</p>
<p>z^i y? mei chīguo ndxoe hSochlde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;never had such delicious food again, c在i le.</p>
<p>B: L&amp;i, bS. ta dou xlaomlele, v5n- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Come on, polish it off. Tonight</p>
<p>shang vS zai gSi nlmen zuo biede. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>ll make you some other things.</p>
<p>A: Xiexie nln, da shlfu. Nln bň &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thank you. Chef, you're not from</p>
<p>shi zherde ren ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;this area, are you?</p>
<p>B: Bfi ahl» v8 ahl Wňxl rěn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No, I’m from W1ixl.</p>
<p>A: Zai Chang Jiang yfbSi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;North of the Yangtze River?</p>
<p>B: ǒu<sub>t</sub> nl gSocuo le, Chlngjiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, you've got it vrong, south of</p>
<p>yinan! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Yangtze!</p>
<p>A: W5 faxlin Jiangnan rěn xīhuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I notice that people from Jiangnan</p>
<p>tl&amp;nde hě lade. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[the area south of the lover reaches</p>
<p>of the Yangtze〕 like sveet foods and hot foods.</p>
<p><sup>V</sup>B: Zhěi dao shi duide. WSmen Jiang- That<sup>1</sup> s true enough. When ve people n&amp;n rěn zud cai bti shi tiinde jiu from Jiangnan cook, if it isn't sveet shi lade. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;then it’s hot.</p>
<p>A: Nlmen shltang meitian yong zhěme You use so much food here in your du5 cai, dou shi c6ng fujin gSngshe dining hall, do you buy it all from mSide ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the neighboring cosnsunes?</p>
<p>B: Nili?! Venhua DS Geming ylqifin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, no! Before the Cultural Revo-</p>
<p>vSmen zheige zhizaochSng he biede &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lution our factory h&amp;d its own farm,</p>
<p>da chSng ylyang, dou y5u zijlde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vegetable plots, and so on, as other</p>
<p>n6ngch&amp;ng&gt; caidī shenmede. Da &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;large factories did. Of course, ve</p>
<p>shlt&amp;ngde cai bū yong shu5 le, jiū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;grew the food used in the large dining</p>
<p>shi youeryuin hiizimen chide shui- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;halls, but ve even grew all the fruits</p>
<p>gu5 shenmede y? d5u shi zijl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and things the children in the kinder-</p>
<p>zhdngde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gartens ate.</p>
<p>A: Houlii ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And then?</p>
<p>B: Hdul&amp;i<sub>9</sub> Venhua Da Geming le, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Then it vas the Cultural Revolution,</p>
<p>n6ngch&amp;zig<sub>9</sub> caidi d5u bei gSode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and the farm and vegetable plots were</p>
<p>luanqlbazao, chide dSngxi zhen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ruined. Food vas in very short supply.</p>
<p>Jlnzhang, yfi a, roude bū yong shuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fish and meats vere of course tight,</p>
<p>le, li&amp;n cii dou bū gou chī le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;but there veren<sup>f</sup>t even enough vegetables .</p>
<p>A: Xi^nsil hXo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nov it<sup>f</sup>s better.</p>
<p>B: YI Jifi ql ql nl&amp;n, chSng llngdSo In 1977, the factory leadership</p>
<p>haothSo qu£nchSng gongren gaohSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;appealed to all the factory's workers</p>
<p>shenghu6<sub>1</sub> n6ngchSng a, yilchSng a, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to improve daily living conditions,</p>
<p>you banqilai le, qlngxing jiu hSo- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We started the farm and the fishery</p>
<p>duo le« Nl kan<sub>9</sub> zenme du5 c盔i, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;again<sub>9</sub> and things vere much better.</p>
<p><sup>#</sup>The reason for the phrasing of this sentence is that the food used in the large dining halls (that is, where the workers eat) is of relatively low quality, vhile the fruits and foods for the kindergarten children are of a fancier grade. The chef thus means<sub>9</sub> <sup>f</sup>Ve didn’t Just grow lov quality foods, ve even grev fancy things,<sup>11</sup></p>
<p>chiTbuduS dou shi zljl shengcbSnde, See all these vegetables, ve produced you pianyl you xlzixlan* duo h&amp;o! almost all of them ourselves. They’re</p>
<p>inexpensive, and fresh, too. What could be better.</p>
<p>A: Shljian trU zSo le, an jihua vSmen It's getting late, and according to h&amp;i del qu canguan yili&amp;ngge difang our schedule ve，re supposed to visit ne! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;another couple of places!</p>
<p>B: HXq， hul tour Jian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All right. See you later.</p>
<p>A: Hul t6ur Jl&amp;n. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;See you later.</p>
<p>Dialogue and Translation for Exercise k</p>
<p>An American student in China (A) is walking from BeiJīng University into tovn one weekend. (Not many people vould do this, &quot;because it is a tvo-hour valk,) Near the People’s University (Rěnmln Daxuě) on H&amp;ldlan Lū<sub>9</sub> she stoops dovn to pick a flover on the side of the road. A &quot;boy holding a hoe calls out to her.</p>
<p>B: Wei! Bie zhai tie zhai! Zhe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hey! Don<sup>1</sup>t pick thoseI .Don’t pick</p>
<p>hvSr bu neng au^bi&amp;n zhai ya! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;those! Those flowers aren<sup>f</sup>t for pick</p>
<p>ing!</p>
<p>A: Dulbuql. Zheixie huar dou shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>m sorry. Did you plant these</p>
<p>nlmen zhongde zna? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;flovers?</p>
<p>B: Shi, y&amp;nzhe zhěitlio gonglil yizhl Yes. We planted all the flowers dao dongvuyuan, liībianrshangde huar along the side of the highvay &amp;U the d5u shi vSmen zhongde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vay to the zoo.</p>
<p>A: Nī shi Rěnmln Dixuede gongren? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are you a vorker from the People<sup>1</sup> s</p>
<p>University?</p>
<p>B: Bii shi, vS sbi Hu&amp;ngzhuang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No, I<sup>f</sup>m a cosmrune member from</p>
<p>Daduide sheyu&amp;n. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hxiljigzhuang Production Brigade.</p>
<p>A: Nl Ji&amp;lide ren d5u z&amp;i Hu£ng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is your vhole family in Hu&amp;ngzbuang? zhuang ma?</p>
<p>B: Zai Hu^zigzhuing Jld y8u vS fumu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In Hu&amp;ngzhnang there are only my</p>
<p>gin vS, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;parents and myself.</p>
<p>A: Nl ySu xlongdi Jieinel ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you have brothers and sisters?</p>
<p>B: Y8u, v8 y5u ylge gege zai tieli- Yes, I have an older brother vho</p>
<p>shang gongzuo<sub>9</sub> shi huSche sljī. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vorks on the railroad. He<sup>f</sup>s an en-</p>
<p>Y5u ylge gege zai ShSudū Gangtie &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gineer. And I have an older &quot;brother</p>
<p>Gongsī gongzuo, tīngsbuS tanen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vho vorks at the Capital Iron and</p>
<p>zhizaode dongxi y5u bu shao hai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Steel Company. I understand that a</p>
<p>chu gu6 ne! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lot of the things they manufacture</p>
<p>go abroad.</p>
<p>A: Nlmen diduide shengchSn Jinxing- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov is your brigade*s production</p>
<p>de zSzuneyong a? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;going?</p>
<p>B： W8 tin* v8 fiqin shuo, c6ng ch&amp;n- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;My father says that from the point</p>
<p>liangBliang kin, vSmen d&amp;diiide qlng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of view of yield, our brigade is doing</p>
<p>leuang bfi cuS. Jlnniin v3men dadui- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;veil. This year the total income of</p>
<p>de zSng shSur^ dengyii Wěnhua Da Gě- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the &quot;brigade is equal to one time the</p>
<p>ming shini&amp;n shourude ylběi! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;income over the ten years of the Cultural Revolution!</p>
<p>A: He! Zhei sbi zhende?! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wov! Is that true?!</p>
<p>B: WS ma ye neoae shu5, Wěnhua Da &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;My mother says the same thing. I</p>
<p>Geming něi shihou v5 hāi xiao, da- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vas still young during the Cultural</p>
<p>duili fashengde shir, v5 d5u bū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Revolution, and I don’t knov very</p>
<p>zSrune qingchu. W5 Jiū Jide něi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;veil vhat vent on in our brigade. I</p>
<p>shihou tiantian kai hui, nl shuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;just remember that during that time</p>
<p>d&amp;renmen mfing ba, hSoxiang ye bū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;there vere meetings every day. But</p>
<p>2?nme m&amp;ng, f&amp;n2hěng shi kan tamen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;were the grown-ups really busy?一not</p>
<p>zSngshi bū tai gaoxing. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;really. In any case, they never</p>
<p>looked very happy.</p>
<p>A: Xi&amp;nzai nl Jiāli rěn dou gaoxing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;But now everybody in your family</p>
<p>ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is happy, aren<sup>f</sup>t they?</p>
<p>B: Gaoxing<sub>9</sub> těbiě shi vo mS, yl dao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. Especially my mother. Every</p>
<p>Xlngqltian Jiu tulsh&amp;ng ylbii xiSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sunday she goes to the free market,</p>
<p>che, shazig ziyou shichang le. Ta &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pushing a little cart、She often</p>
<p>chang gen vS shuo, haishi zhěihulr- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;says to ne that the [government’s]</p>
<p>de zhengce hSo a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;policy is much better nov.</p>
<p>A: Nl ztjl zSnzneyang a? Y5u shenme &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What about yourself? Do you have</p>
<p>d&amp;su&amp;n meiyou a? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any pl&amp;ns?</p>
<p>B: Y5u, vS fūqin zhong huarde jishu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, ny father is a real expert</p>
<p>kě gao la! Ta zhdngle ylběizi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;at growing flovers ♦ He<sup>f</sup> s been grovlng</p>
<p>huar. Ta gen vS shu5 zinmen zhěr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;flowers all his life. He told me</p>
<p>shi fengjlngqū, z£nmen bX hu&amp;r &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that this is a scenic area, and if ve</p>
<p>zhonghXole, neng gei gu6jia zhuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;planted flovers, ve could bring in a</p>
<p>vaihui ya! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lot of foreign exchange for the state.</p>
<p>A: Nl Jīiml&amp;n shljl le? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov old are you this year? [pre-</p>
<p>sumlng him to be a teenager]</p>
<p>B: Shis! le. W8 fiqin hai zhSol&amp;i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fourteen. My father even got a book</p>
<p>ytb?n shū, shi guanyu zhong huarde, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;on flover growing. I left it at home</p>
<p>v5 Jīntian vang zai Jiǎli le, xia- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;today, but the next time you pass by</p>
<p>ci nl Jīnggud zhěr vo zai gei ni &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;here I<sup>f</sup>U shov it to you. My father</p>
<p>kan. W5 fňqin shu5 r.a shi kexuě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;says that it<sup>f</sup> s scientific flover grov-</p>
<p>zhǒng huar, rang vo haohaor xue. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ing and told me to study it hard.</p>
<p>A: Nl xi&amp;ng bu xiSng 3'r.a.ng daxuě? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you want to go to college?</p>
<p>B: XiSng shazig! Hounian v5 Jiū gao* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes! The year after next I graduate</p>
<p>zhSng tiye le, v8 kSo Nongyě Daxue, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;from high school and I<sup>f</sup>m going to take</p>
<p>jiii rue ihSng huar. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the exam for Agricultural University.</p>
<p>I<sup>f</sup>m going to study flover grovlng.</p>
<p>A: HSo! Zaljl&amp;n! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Great! So long!</p>
<p>B: Zaiji&amp;n! Biě Jl, vo gei ni zhai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;So long! Hold on, let me pick</p>
<p>liangduS huax. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you a couple of flowers.</p>
<p>A: Xiěxle ni. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thanks.</p>
<p>Unit 8， Reference List</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Zai GuXngzhou Jiaoyihnishang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do they only do export business at the</p>
<p>Jii zu3 chukSude mSlmai ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GuSngzhou Trade Fair?</p>
<p>B: Bň Jiū shi chūkSu, ye y5u hen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Not Just export business. Many people</p>
<p>duo ren zai nar t£n .llnkSu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;also do import trade there, maoyi•</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Zhěi Jlge .1 Ing.1 i těqu yue lai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;These special economic zones are</p>
<p>yuě fanrong le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;getting more and more prosperous.</p>
<p>B: Shi a! JinchūkSu maoyi, jia- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes! Import-export trade and the</p>
<p>gong gongye yuě gSo yuě du5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;processing industry are on the</p>
<p>le, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;upsving.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Gi^g.1 laohuisheuigde dongxi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov are the prices at the GuSngzhou</p>
<p>Jiaqlan zenmeyang? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Trade Fair?</p>
<p>B: Jiaqian dou hii b1i cuo, vSigxiS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The prices are pretty good. It’s very</p>
<p>sh^ngyen hen shSo ySu kon£- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;seldom that a foreign businessman</p>
<p>shSu hufqude • &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;goes home empty-handed.</p>
<p>A: JingJi těqūde Zh5nggu6 gongren &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Since the income of Chinese vorkers</p>
<p>sh5ur^ bijiao gāo, na hul &quot;bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in the special economic zones is</p>
<p>hul chuxiiLn yige xīnde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;higher, is it possible a nev</p>
<p>Měii ne?一 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;class vill appear?</p>
<p>B: Meiyou name y&amp;nzhong! Geji &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>f</sup>s not that serious! Every level</p>
<p>zhěngffi hua an zhěngce bande. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of the government vill go according</p>
<p>to policy.</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Zhonggu6 zhengfQ. shi bu shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Does the Chinese government restrict</p>
<p>xlanzhi xlaofělplnde jlnkSu? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;consumer-good imports?</p>
<p>B: pSjhuyy v8 gSi nln nfi ylfenr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>11 bring you some materials in a</p>
<p>—cZUl&amp;o, nln ll k&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vhile. As soon as you read them</p>
<p>qingchu le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you<sup>f</sup>11 knov the ansver.</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Zai ylge gongch&amp;ngli, gongzuo • &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In a factory only vorkers vith high</p>
<p>xlSolfl gaode gongren cai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;efficiency can get a pay raise,</p>
<p>neng tlg&amp;o gSngzI, dul ta? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;right?</p>
<p>B: Dul a! DuS lap du5 dě ma! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right! More pay for more vork, you</p>
<p>knov!</p>
<p>7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: LSo Zhang, Jīntian kai shenme &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;LSo ZhSng, vhat<sup>1</sup>s the farewell meeting</p>
<p>huansonghui? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for today?</p>
<p>B: H”霣nsSng Ouzhoude lushl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We’re sending off the European</p>
<p>~dallsi&amp;otuiD* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;delegation of lawyers.</p>
<p>8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: YSule Zh5ng-Mei hSi^iln tiao^ue &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Since the Sino-American sea transport-</p>
<p>yihou, yanhSi yldai jiu geng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ation treaty, the coastal region</p>
<p>rěnao le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;has become even busier.</p>
<p>B: Shi a， kanqllal ylhoude shf- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. It looks as if these large ports</p>
<p>nlin, zhěi Jlge da hǎigSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vill experience tremendous grovth</p>
<p>hul ySu da gulmode fāzhan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in the next decade.</p>
<p>9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Nl tlngd&amp;o xiaoxi le meiyou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Have you heard the uevs? Some very</p>
<p>Jīntian vSnshang ySu hěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;important people are coming tonight, zhongyaode rěn lai.</p>
<p>B: JIntiande vSnhui yiding hěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tonight<sup>1</sup>s party is sure to be inter垂 y5u yisi, qianvan biě v&amp;n le. esting. You mustnH be late!</p>
<p>10. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: WS yao canguan Jiaoxuě shěběi,工 v^nt to see the educational equipment.</p>
<p>B: Jiaoxuě sbebei dou .11 zhSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The educational equipment is. all to-</p>
<p>zai zheige d&amp;tlngli le, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gether in this large hall. You<sup>1</sup>re</p>
<p>huanylng canguan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;welcome to see it.</p>
<p>11. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Zhong-Měi llSnggu6 věile zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;China and America have made a lot of</p>
<p>gef&amp;ngmi&amp;n Jinxing hezuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;plans to cooperate in various fields. dlnghSole bū shSo Jihuī7</p>
<p>B: Sg. Gang yiin dao Ftijiande &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mm. The equipment vhich vas Just</p>
<p>zheixie shekel Jiu shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shipped to Fijian is a part of</p>
<p>něixie jīhuade ylbilfen. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;those plans.</p>
<p>Unit 8, Vocabulary List</p>
<p>chukSu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to export</p>
<p>chǔxian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to appear</p>
<p>dai&quot;biaotn£n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;delegation, mission</p>
<p>dai huīr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in a vhile, later</p>
<p>dating &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(large) hall</p>
<p>ding &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to draw up (a plan); to agree on;</p>
<p>to conclude (a treaty)</p>
<p>duo lěo du5 dě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;more pay for more vork</p>
<p>finr6ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be flourishing, to be prosperous ,to &quot;be &quot;booming</p>
<p>FGjian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a province in south China)</p>
<p>gSngzī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vages</p>
<p>GuXngJiaohixi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GuSngzhou (Canton) Trade Fair</p>
<p>guīm6 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;scale, scope, dimensions</p>
<p>hSigSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;harbor, seaport</p>
<p>hezaio &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to cooperate; cooperation</p>
<p>hixansong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to see off, to send off</p>
<p>hixansonghui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;farewell/send-off meeting</p>
<p>or party</p>
<p>-Jl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;level, rarik, grade, stage, degree</p>
<p>jiogong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to process, to finish (a product)</p>
<p>Jiaoyihixi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;trade fair</p>
<p>Jiaqian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;price</p>
<p>JiěJi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(social) class</p>
<p>JinchukSu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;import-export</p>
<p>JīngJi těqu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;special economic zone (SEZ)</p>
<p>JinkSu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to import</p>
<p>Jlzhong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to concentrate, to centralize</p>
<p>kongshSu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;empty-handed</p>
<p>lūshl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lavyer, attorney</p>
<p>mitojri &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;trade</p>
<p>qianvfta &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;without fail, &quot;be sure to</p>
<p>shangren &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'businessman/'businessvoman; merchant</p>
<p>9hěběi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;equipment,.facilities, installation</p>
<p>tifioyue &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;treaty</p>
<p>vSnhui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;evening party; evening of entertainment</p>
<p>xlanzhi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to restrict, to limit; restriction, limitation</p>
<p>xiāofěipln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;consumer goods</p>
<p>xi&amp;olQ, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;efficiency</p>
<p>xiaoxi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nevs</p>
<p>yanzhong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be serious, to be grave</p>
<p>yl&quot;_Jiū… &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as soon as</p>
<p>yun &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to transport, to ship</p>
<p>REFEEENCE NOTES</p>
<p>1. A: Zai GuSngzhou Jlaoyihuishang Do they only do export business at the Jiū zud chǔkSude mKimai ma? GuSngzhSu Trade Fair?</p>
<p>B: Bil Jiū shi chūkSu, y? ySu hSn Not Just export business. Many people duo ren zai nar t£n .1 inkSu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;also do import trade there,</p>
<p>mftoyi.</p>
<p>Notes on No. 1</p>
<p>.li&amp;oythui: <sup>n</sup>trade fair” Jiaoyi means ’’business, trade, transaction, and hui Is the same vord you knov from kai hui, ’’to have a meeting.<sup>w</sup> The full name of the GuSngzh5u Trade Fair is ZhSngguo ChukSu Shangpln JiSoyihui. the Chinese Export Commodities Fair (CECF). Since the first CECF in 95īT every spring and autumn GuSngzhSu is inundated vith businessmen and people of all v&amp;lks of life connected vith trade~more than 25,000 at each Fair. Chinese agricultural and industrial products are displayed in the Fairground 'buildings and open areas, located on HSizhū GuSngchSng (Haizhu Square) 'betveen the railroad station and the D6ngf&amp;ng BīziguSn (Dongf&amp;ng Hotel). The Pair is held from April 15 to May 15 and from October 15 to November 15.</p>
<p>As the name Implies, the CECF<sup>f</sup>s main purpose is to assist China<sup>1</sup> a state trading corporations in exporting goods, &quot;but some large import contracts are signed there each year as veil.</p>
<p>ChukSu, <sup>w</sup>to export<sup>n</sup> and JlnkSu, &quot;to import'</p>
<p>RtbSn meini£n chǔkSu hSn du5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Japan exports a lot of cars every</p>
<p>qiche. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;year.</p>
<p>WS zhen &quot;bū dSng veishemne ZhSng- I really don’t understand vhy the gu6 chūkSude dSngxi zSng shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;things China exports are alvays</p>
<p>tl gu6net m&amp;lde hEo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;better than those it sells domes隹</p>
<p>tically.</p>
<p>maoyi: ”trade,” as In gu6nel maoyi, <sup>w</sup>domestic trade”； maoyi zhSngxīn.</p>
<p>”trade center”； maoyi fSng, trade vlnd.<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>ZhfelUlngge gu6jla zui Jin jlni&amp;n It is only in the past fev years c&amp;l kSlahZ jtnxlng mioyi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that these tvo countries have</p>
<p>started have trade (vith each other).</p>
<p>Tin Is used in the sense of ^negotiate<sup>11</sup> in such phrase丨 as tin m&amp;oyi, ’’do trade Cnegotiating) tan shengyt, <sup>n</sup>do &quot;business ,<sup>tf</sup> etc.</p>
<p>2. A: Zhei Jlge .|Ing.1i teqǔ yue l&amp;i These special economic regions are yuě f^rireng le, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;getting more and more prosperous.</p>
<p>B: Shi a! JtnchukSu maoyi, Jia- Yes! Import-export trade and the g5ng gongye yue gSo 3rue duo processing industry are on the • le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;upswing.</p>
<p>Notes on No, 2</p>
<p>.1 Ing.11 těqū; Literally, &quot;economic special-district，,’ translated as <sup>f,</sup>spe-cial economic zones,and abbreviated as SEZ. SEZs are designated areas similar to the export processing zones (EPZs) vhich have been extremely successful in places such as Taivan. China established SEZs to bring in the foreign capital needed to create Jobs and modernize the national economy. In these zones, foreign investors<sup>1</sup> assets, profits, and other rights and interests are legally protected, and their operations enjoy tax and duty exemptions •</p>
<p>Proposed investment projects are examined and approved by the Provincial Administration of the SEZ, which also draws up its own development plans and organizes their implementation. The SEZs compete vith each other for foreign investment Ab of 1981, GuSngdong province bad three SEZs—Shenzhen, Zh5h&amp;l (near M&amp;cao), and Shant6u—and other SEZs had been established in Ffijian province and 成infin Island. A vide variety of enterprises have already been set up.</p>
<p>f&amp;nr6ngt <sup>w</sup>to &quot;be flourishing/prosperous/booming<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>Rfb?nde shSngye hSn finr6ng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Japan’s commerce is flourishing.</p>
<p>Shlni&amp;n ylhSu, zheige dtfang hui Ten years from nov, this place vill tianāe geng f&amp;nr6ng le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;become even more prosperous.</p>
<p>C6ng zheige zh8nl&amp;nhulshangde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;From the things in this exhibition,</p>
<p>dSngxi<sub>9</sub> ni keyi k&amp;ndao fĀn- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you can see the flourishing</p>
<p>r6ngde MSigu6 venhull. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;American culture.</p>
<p>FSnrong can also mean <sup>w</sup>to make something prosper<sup>11</sup>:</p>
<p>Ban JiSoyJhutde mQdl Jiū shi yao The purpose of holding trade fairs f£nr6ng JingJi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is to promote economic prosperity.</p>
<p>.jlagSng: (1) &quot;to finish&quot; a product, i.e., to vork on a half-finished or finished article to make it more perfect or finer; (2) <sup>,f</sup>to process&quot; a rav material into a finished product.</p>
<p>3. a： &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1 iSohutahangde dSngxi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov are the prices at the GuXngzhou</p>
<p>JlSqian zfameyang? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Trade Fair?</p>
<p>B: Jiaqian dou hfii tfi cuo, vaigu6 The prices are pretty good. . It<sup>f</sup>s very ^hlnprren h?n shSo ySu k5ng» seldom that a foreign &quot;businessman ahSuhufqude. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;goes home empty-handed.</p>
<p>Notes op No* 3</p>
<p>Gu&amp;ngji&amp;ohul: This is an abbreviation of GuSngzhSu Jiaoyihui.</p>
<p>.Ilaqian: <sup>n</sup>price<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>Zheige plngguS shenme Jiaqian? Hov much are these apples?</p>
<p>TSznende dSngxi hSn hSo, Jiaqian Their things are very good, and the y? &quot;bū cuo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;prices are pretty good, too.</p>
<p>JlSng jiaqian means &quot;to bargain, to haggle”：</p>
<p>ZclI Zhongguode shangdlanll* &quot;bū You cannot taxgB.in in stores In China, kSyl JiXng Jiaqian, danshi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;but you can in the free markets.</p>
<p>zai ziyfiu shichSngshang keyi.</p>
<p>k5ngsh8u: &quot;empty-handed&quot; K5ne» means &quot;to &quot;be empty,&quot; as In</p>
<p>Zheige xlSngzi shi kongde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This case is empty.</p>
<p>KSngshSu Is used adverbially:</p>
<p>W8 &quot;bū hSo yisi kSngshSu dao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I vould &quot;be embarrassed to go to</p>
<p>tS JiS qu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;his house enpty-handed.</p>
<p>k. A: JingJi tequde Zhonggu6 gSngren &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Since the income of Chinese vorkers 8h6urd 'bXjiao gao, net hui &quot;bu In the special economic regions is hui chu3dSn yfge xīnde higher, is it possible a nev i jgjīTneT~ class vill appear?</p>
<p>B: Meiyou name yin zhong! GěJlC It’s not that serious! Every level</p>
<p>shdngftl hux an zhengce &quot;binde. of the government vill go according</p>
<p>to policy.</p>
<p>Notes on No» k</p>
<p>chuxlan: <sup>rt</sup>to appear&quot; As vith fasheng, &quot;to happen,” which you learned in the previous unit, chuxian is often folloved in the sentence by the thing that appears, vhereas in English the thing usually precedes <sup>n</sup>appear<sup>w</sup> (^ill a nev class appear?<sup>w</sup>).</p>
<p>Zheige ventl a^l gazig chuxlande &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When this problem first &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;appeared,</p>
<p>shfhou<sub>f</sub> nilyou rin fSxlan, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;no one discovered it. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nov that</p>
<p>xianzai yljīng tai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ve<sup>f</sup>ve found out about &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it, it*a too</p>
<p>vXn le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;late.</p>
<p>Taiyang chuxlan zai d5ngfSngde When the sun appears in the east, shfhou, Jiū sbi xīnde yitian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it means that a new day is</p>
<p>kalshl le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;beginning. CteLiyang, &quot;sun”]</p>
<p>Zheige shihou, qlinml&amp;n chūxlac At this moment, a large river yiti£o dl h爸,sbl v8 měi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;appeared up ahead, something I</p>
<p>xl&amp;ngdaode. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;had not expected.</p>
<p>JieJl: &quot;(social) class” In the PRC, this vord enters into many special phrases such as &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;,1iaoyu, <sup>11</sup> class education” (which consists of recounting</p>
<p>the difficult past to schoolchildren and younger vorkers).</p>
<p>Shijieshcuxg meiyou ylge meiyou There is no society in the world JiSjide shěhuǐ* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;which is vithout classes•</p>
<p>y£nzhong: <sup>w</sup>to be serious, to be grave</p>
<p>Zheige qingkuang xlāzigdang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This situation Is quite serious,</p>
<p>y&amp;nshong.</p>
<p>Zh5nggu6 ySu yinshdngde rěnkSu China has a serious population ventl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;problem.</p>
<p>Zheige věntf b&lt;S shi yfinzhong dao This problem is not so serious that yiding yao qīng līngdSo l&amp;l &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ve have to ask our leader to</p>
<p>Jueding. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;decide it.</p>
<p>Nl h£l m^l kacchu shelge ventlde You still haven’t discerned the y&amp;nzhdngxing* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;seriousness of this problem.</p>
<p>-,1i: &quot;level，rank，stage, grade, degree&quot;</p>
<p>Zhei yijl lXngd&amp;o h£l bti neng This level leader cannot decide Juedtng zSsme ban<sub>f</sub> nl d?i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vhat to do. You must go to an</p>
<p>zhSo shfagji lXngdSo• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;upper-level leader.</p>
<p>Ganbu yfgdng y8u drshlllū Jf, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Altogether, there are twenty-six</p>
<p>Bhiii ylshjtngde k&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;grades of cadres. Those above</p>
<p>yizbSng pfitSng rin kanbudaode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;grade ten may read a nevspaper</p>
<p>baozhl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that ordinary people cannot read«</p>
<p>(The CanlcSo Zlllao^ &quot;Reference Materials” 厂 ~</p>
<p>NX zhe xle zhen gaojl! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;These shoes of yours ore really</p>
<p>classy!</p>
<p>5. A: Zh5nggu6 zhengfQ shi bu shi Does the Chinese government restrict xiapzhl xlaofelplnde jinkSu? consumer-good imports?</p>
<p>B: DRlhuIr v5 gSl nfn n£ yffěnr I<sup>f</sup>11 bring you some materials in a ~ciilīao, nfn yi kui Jiū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vhile. As soon as you read them</p>
<p>qingchu le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you<sup>1</sup>11 knov the ansver.</p>
<p>Notes on No. 5</p>
<p>xlanzhi: &quot;to restrict, to limit&quot; or ’’restriction, limitation”</p>
<p>W8 airen xlanzhi v5 m?ige yuě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;My spouse limits me to smoking</p>
<p>chou qlkuai qi£nde yǎn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;seven dollars<sup>1</sup> worth of cigarettes</p>
<p>a month.</p>
<p>Welle xlanzhi renmlnde ziy6u, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The government has set up a lot of.</p>
<p>zhěngftt dingle bū shSo gulju, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rules to restrict the people<sup>1</sup>s</p>
<p>freedom.</p>
<p>Z&amp;i gSosū gonglūshamgy bS qiche- It is rather appropriate to limit de sūdu xlanzhi zai wttshivǔ- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the speed of cars on the express-</p>
<p>yīngll ylxla shi blJiSo heshide. vay to fifty-five miles an hour.</p>
<p>YSu bū shSo xlanzhi zhen rang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There are many restrictions that</p>
<p>rěn gXobudSng věishěnme yao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;leave one at a loss as to vhy</p>
<p>zheme zuo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;one has to do it that vay,</p>
<p>Yīnvei shfJiande xlanzhi, v8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Because of time restrictions, I vas</p>
<p>měi neng zuodao w3 kěyi zuode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;not able to do as veil as I could</p>
<p>name hSo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have.</p>
<p>Xlanzhi is often used in the phrase shou xlanzhi, &quot;to be restricted&quot; (liter-ally, <sup>n</sup>to receive restriction”）：</p>
<p>Zai něige gu6jia, vaiguo rěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In that country, foreigners are</p>
<p>luxlng shoudao hSn da xlanzhi. very restricted vhen they travel.</p>
<p>xl&amp;ofěl: <sup>n</sup>to consume&quot;</p>
<p>Zheige gSngchXzig yiti£n xlaofěi How much coal does this factory duSshKo mSlttn? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;consume a day?</p>
<p>YrqiSn BSiJīng Jiu shi yfge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Běijīng used to be Just a consumer</p>
<p>xlSofěi chengshi, shenme y? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;city; it didn't produce a thing,</p>
<p>tū shengchSn.</p>
<p>XiSofěizhS is a <sup>n</sup>consumer.<sup>M</sup></p>
<p>dlihutr: A B?ijlng expression equivalent to d?ng ylhulr in the sense of &quot;in (after) a vhile<sup>v</sup>：</p>
<p>Diihulr vS song ni huiqu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In a little vhile, I<sup>f</sup> 11 take you</p>
<p>back.</p>
<p>VS xianzai xian qū y5u di&amp;nr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let me first go and take care of</p>
<p>sht, dilhulr Jiū l£l. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;something I have to do; I<sup>f</sup>ll be</p>
<p>back In a minute.</p>
<p>yj. • • •: &quot;as soon as...&quot; You already knov that jiu means &quot;then” in the sense of immediately thereafter, e.g.,</p>
<p>TS shuov£n Jiū zSu le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He left right after he finished</p>
<p>speaking.</p>
<p>When using the adverb ^ī, ,,as soon as,” is often used in the follovlng clause.</p>
<p>Ta yi dao, vSmen Jii keyi zSu le. We can leave as soon as he gets</p>
<p>here.</p>
<p>Ti&amp;n yi. liāngt ta Jiii qilai kai- As soon as it gets ligbt out, he shi gSngzud. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gets up and starts to vork.</p>
<p>W8 yi k&amp;n Jiū mlng'b&amp;i le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I understood as soon as I looked</p>
<p>at it (OR read it).</p>
<p>TS yi ting zhěiJiJ hua Jiū Jf le. He got anxious (upset) u soon u</p>
<p>he heard this sentence.</p>
<p>WS yi faxian hxizhao dlu le, inS- As soon &amp;s I discovered that I had shang Jiū dao līngshigu&amp;i qū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lost my passport, I Immediately</p>
<p>le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vent to the consulate.</p>
<p>Tfi zSzmie yi qū Jiū shi běntian? What<sup>f</sup>s taking him so long?</p>
<p>Sometimes yf, • “1iū_ • • is used in the sense of <sup>n</sup>every &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;or ”vheaever<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>(i.e,, once certain conditions come about, something is sure to happen):</p>
<p>W8 dui zherde Id hii bū sWi, yt I<sup>f</sup>m still not very familiar vith the b&lt;i zhiljrl Jiū hui z5ucuo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;roads here. I go the vrong vay</p>
<p>whenever I'm not paying attention.</p>
<p>pfngchfing ta hSn m£ng, k?shi yl Usually he Is very busy, but vhen dao XlngqltiSn* tS Jiū yao kai Sunday comes he alvays goes out in chS chūqu v&amp;ir. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;his car to have fun.</p>
<p>W8 yi h§ Jitt jiū tfiu yūn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I get dizzy whenever I drink.</p>
<p>TS milci ji jrBu věntf Jiū xiSng- He thinks of me whenever he has a dio wB, mei věntfde shfhou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;problem, but never remembers me</p>
<p>congl£l bfi Jizhe w8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vhen he doesn<sup>f</sup>t have any problems.</p>
<p>Yī is sometimes used vithout Jiū in a follovlng clause, as in</p>
<p>W8 gSng yi ting hSoxlSng bu dui, When I first heard it, it didn*t sound hěulfii yt xiSng, dul le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;right, &quot;but then after I thought about</p>
<p>it, CI realized] it vas right.</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Zai ylge gSngchSngli<sub>9</sub> g6ngzuo In a factory only vorkers vith high</p>
<p>xiitolň gSode gSngren cfii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;efficiency can get a pay raise,</p>
<p>nSgtigao gSngzī, dui &quot;ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;right?</p>
<p>B: Dui a! Dug lio du5 de ma! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right! More pay for more vork, you</p>
<p>knov!-</p>
<p>Notes on No* 6</p>
<p>xiaol^: Efficiency”</p>
<p>TSde xuexl xiaolū h5n gǎo， yi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He is very efficient in his studies.</p>
<p>tiazi neng kan &quot;bū shSo shu, h£i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He can read a lot in one day and</p>
<p>neng jizhu bu shSo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;can remember a great deal too.</p>
<p>Welle tfg£o shfjian xlāolū, vSmen We must pool our forces in order to bixJi j£zhong liliang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;increase our efficiency. (Shl.liSn</p>
<p>xiěold Just means efficiency vithin a certain period of time.)</p>
<p>ctl: You have seen c&amp;l meaning ”only vhen, not until&quot; (Ta mlngtian c&amp;l dao, &quot;He i8n<sup>f</sup>t coming until tomorrow”）and meaning &quot;only in that case, not unless&quot; (Zheiyang Zh5nggu6 vgphua c&amp;i neng bSochixlSqii, &quot;Only in this vay can Chinese culture be preserved^). In sentence ēĀ, the necessary condition Is g5ngzu5 xi&amp;olū gSo, Since c&amp;L is an •aidvert, it must alvays precede the verb {here, neng). Pereas in English, <sup>n</sup>only<sup>n</sup> precedes vhatever it refers to (here, the Doun phrase ”vorkers vith high efficiency&quot;).</p>
<p>7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: LXo Zhang, jīntiān k5i ahěnrae LSo Zhang, vhat<sup>9</sup>s the farewell meeting</p>
<p>hu&amp;naonghui? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for today?</p>
<p>B: Huansong Ouzhoude l^shl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We're sending off the European</p>
<p>~d&amp;ī/blaotti£n, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;delegation of lawyers.</p>
<p>Hotes on Ho. 7</p>
<p>huSnaōng; Literally, &quot;Joyously send off,” this is a formal vord for &quot;to give someone a send-off.<sup>ff</sup> The ordinary word is Just s8ng&gt;</p>
<p>dalbllo; ”to represent, to stand for” or a &quot;representative, delegate”</p>
<p>VSmen bi neng d5u qū. Nl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We can<sup>f</sup>t all go. Why don't you</p>
<p>dSllDiSo, hSo bu h5o? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;stand in, okay?</p>
<p>Nl diltiSo shei? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Whom do you represent?</p>
<p>TS dilbilo ta g5ngsr qū canjia He vent to the trade fair representing nelge JiSoyihut. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;his company *</p>
<p>As a prepositional verb, daibiSo can be translated as &quot;on behalf of&quot; or <sup>f,</sup>in the name of<sup>n</sup>:</p>
<p>VS daibiSo Lfixfngshede t6ngzhi I thank you on tehalf of the comrades xiěxle ni. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;at the China Travel Service•</p>
<p>8, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: YSule Zh8ng-M?i h&amp;iyrlD ti£oyue Since the Sino-American sea transport-</p>
<p>ylh8u, yfinhSi yiāki Jiū geng ation treaty, the coastal region renao le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;has become even busier.</p>
<p>B: Shi &amp;, kanqilai ylhoude shf- Yes. It looks as if these large ports ni£n, zhel Jlge da hSlgSng vill experience tremendous grovth hui ySu dk gulm6de fazh&amp;n7 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in the next decade.</p>
<p>Notes on Ho* 8</p>
<p>hKiyun ti&amp;oyue: <sup>w</sup>se&amp; transportation treaty&quot; The vord tiioyue, ”treaty,&quot;</p>
<p>”pact，&quot; Is used loosely here, for it vas technically an <sup>11</sup> agreement<sup>ff</sup> (xled^ng) vhich vas signed betveen the U.S. and China on Septem'ber 17. 1980. The maritime transport agreement stipulates that the U.S. open all its porta to China and China open specified porta to the U.S. (some Chinese ports do not have atifficient facilities). One third of the commercial shipping is to be handled by Chinese or American vessels.</p>
<p>gulm6: &quot;acope, scale<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>Zheige gSngchXngde gulmo bū xiSo， &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The scope of this factory is quite</p>
<p>Jiū ahl jiahu liliang tai ru6 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;large, it’s Just that its technical</p>
<p>le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;capability is too veak.</p>
<p>Zh5nggu6 d&amp; guImSde gal gSngjrCl It is only in the past fev years that dil6u, zheljlnl£n h£lshi diyīci. China has started to build high-rise</p>
<p>apartment buildings on a large scale.</p>
<p>9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Nl tīngdao xlSoxl le meiyou? Have you heard the nevs? Some very</p>
<p>JīntiSn vSnshang ySu h?n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;important people are coming tonight •</p>
<p>zhdngyatode rěn l£l.</p>
<p>B: JIntlSnde vXnhut yiāing h?n Tonight<sup>f</sup>a party is sure to be inter-y8u ytai, ql&amp;nvan Me vSn le. esting. You mustn’t be late!</p>
<p>Notes on No* 9</p>
<p>xlSoxl: &quot;nevs<sup>11</sup> This has a fev meanings: (1) <sup>n</sup>news<sup>,f</sup> betveen people--&quot;tidings<sup>11</sup>; (2) &quot;nevs&quot; reported in a nevspaper<sub>9</sub> nevs periodical, or newscast (this meaning is shared in conmcr. vith xlnven); (3) <sup>n</sup>information<sup>11</sup> in the sense of &quot;intelligence*&quot; &quot;nevs&quot; about someone or something (e.g., ”Is this information reliable?<sup>11</sup>).</p>
<p>Y8u shenme xiaoxi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What information is there?</p>
<p>V8 gaosu nl ge hSo xiaoxi! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let me give you some good nevs!</p>
<p>H?n ch&amp;ng shfJian meiyou tade &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We haven<sup>1</sup>1 heard from him</p>
<p>xlSoxl le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(OR about him) for a long time,</p>
<p>qiSpvan; ”under any circumstances; *by no means; *be sure”</p>
<p>Qianvan yao xiSoxīn, tian hei le, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Be sure to *be careful. It<sup>f</sup>s dark out,</p>
<p>lu *bu hSo z5u. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;so it<sup>f</sup>s difficult to travel•</p>
<p>Nl daole ylhSu qianvan lfii ge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When you arrive, *be sure to call. dianhua.</p>
<p>Qianvan *b1i yao vangji bS něi*b?n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Make sure you don*t forget to bring</p>
<p>shū dailai, v8 mlngtian yao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that book; I need it for tomorrow, yong.</p>
<p>Zhěijian shi, qianvan *bū neng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He must absolutely not find out</p>
<p>rang ta zhīdao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;about this •</p>
<p>10. A: W5 yao canguan Jiaoxuě sheběi* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I vant to see the educational eq.uipment.</p>
<p>B: Jlāoxuě shěběi dou zh5ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The educational eq.uipment is all to-</p>
<p>zal zheige datlngli le, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gether In this large h&amp;ll. You<sup>1</sup> re</p>
<p>huanylng canguan, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;welcome to see it.</p>
<p>Notes on No. 10</p>
<p>shěběi : <sup>n</sup>equipment; facilities; installation<sup>11</sup></p>
<p>YSude chSng suīrfin sh^bel h?n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In some factories, although the</p>
<p>hSo, danshi shengchSn h£ishl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;equipment is very good, production</p>
<p>globuhSo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is still poor.</p>
<p>C6ng Děgu6 jinkSude shelxle she- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Most of this equipment imported from</p>
<p>bei ā&amp;byiten shi ylxuě ffing- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Germany is for use in medicine, ml&amp;nde.</p>
<p>Zheige gSngyilde shěběi bl zhě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The facilities in this apartment</p>
<p>ftljtnde bi^de gongyi d5u hlo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;building are better than those of</p>
<p>any other in the area.</p>
<p>.11 zhSng: &quot;to concentrate; to centralize; to put together&quot;</p>
<p>BX liliang Jfzhong zāl xue Zhong- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It von<sup>f</sup>t do to concentrate all your</p>
<p>věnahang shi bu xfngde, yīnvei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;effort on studying Chinese, because hii y5u xttduS biěde shi yao zuo. you have many other things to do.</p>
<p>Zhelplan venzhang JfzhSngle Jlge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This article assembles the opinions</p>
<p>rende kanfS, suoyi kanqilai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of several people, so it is very</p>
<p>hSn y8u yisi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;interesting to read.</p>
<p>Zil rěnk3u jl2hongde da chengshi It is very interesting to live in zhii h2n y8u yisi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a big city vith a concentrated</p>
<p>population.</p>
<p>WXnhutflhang xuy&amp;ode dSngxi d5u The things that will be needed at<sup>4</sup> yao zhSng f&amp;nghSode. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the evening party should all be</p>
<p>put together in one place.</p>
<p>Zheixie dongxi fang zai zheli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wouldn’t it 'be better to put those</p>
<p>JI zhong xie &quot;bū hSo ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;things here, all together in one</p>
<p>place?</p>
<p>11. A: Zh5ng-M?i llSnggu5 věile zai China and America have made a lot of</p>
<p>gefangmian jtnxlng hězuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;plans to cooperate in vaxioua fields.</p>
<p>dingh&amp;ole bfi shSo jthuaT</p>
<p>B: Ňg. GSng y\in d&amp;o Ftijifinde Mm. The equipment vhich vas Juat zheixie shěběi jiii shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shipped to Flijian Is a part of</p>
<p>nelxie jihuade yfbilfen, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;those plans.</p>
<p>Notes on No. 11</p>
<p>ZhSng-Mgl liSnggix6: <sup>w</sup>China and America, the tvo countries<sup>n</sup> This is &amp;</p>
<p>formal vay of saying Zh5nggu6 he Mgigu6.</p>
<p>hezuo: <sup>w</sup>together-do,<sup>w</sup> I.e., <sup>n</sup>to cooperate^</p>
<p>VSmen d?i h^zuo zhěijian shi cfii We must vork together on this if ve něng 'bande hSo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;are to do it veil.</p>
<p>TS &quot;bii yao gen vB h^zud. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He doesn't vant to cooperate vith me.</p>
<p>Xlanzāi Zhonggu6 vaiguo shang* China is having more and more coopera-rende hězuS yuě l&amp;i yuě duo le. tion vith foreign merchants.</p>
<p>He- can also be used before other one-syllable verbs<sub>9</sub> for example,</p>
<p>ZhelbSn shū shi vSmen h^xlSde. We wrote this book together.</p>
<p>ding; &quot;to a^ree on; to drav up (&amp; plan); to conclude (a treaty)<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>Z&amp;zunen ding ge xaixi jthua ba! Let's put together a study plan! Zheiyang zl&amp;qu<sub>t</sub> shenme y? xue- We von<sup>f</sup>t learn &amp;&nbsp;thing if ve keep buddo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;on like this.</p>
<p>Y^bXlduǒnlin qifin, Qlngch£o &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;More than a century ago, the Qlng zhengffi hi vilgu6 dingle bū Dynasty government concluded many shSo dui Zb5nggu6 hSn tū hSode treaties vith foreign countries that tlfioyuS. vere very bad for China.</p>
<p>yun： <sup>n</sup>to carry, to transport&quot;</p>
<p>Ta qii Zhonggnfide shfhou &quot;bS tade &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When he vent to China, he shipped his</p>
<p>qich? y? yunqu le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;car over too•</p>
<p>Zheixie dongxi feichang zhong, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;These things are extremely heavy, and</p>
<p>yiinqilai &quot;bu fangbian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;are difficult to transport.</p>
<p>Zhěme duo dongxi, haiyūn &quot;bl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vith -so many things，it vould be</p>
<p>kǒngyūn pi^nyide duo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;much cheaper to ship them &quot;by sea</p>
<p>than &quot;by air.</p>
<p>Unit 8, Reviev Dialogue</p>
<p>Near the Gu&amp;ngzhou Export Commodities Trade Fair, Miss Sarah Pearson (A)，</p>
<p>an American lawyer, spots Chen Gu6qiang (B), of the China Travel Service.</p>
<p>Chen is carrying a shopping &quot;bag.</p>
<p>A: Ěi, XiSo Chen, mǎi dongxi qu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hey, Xiao Chen, have you been out</p>
<p>la? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shopping?</p>
<p>B: Slii a, lai GxmngzhSu, bu neng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. Vhen one comes to GuangzhSu,</p>
<p>kongshSu hulqu, vo gěi vo airen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;one can’t go back empty-handed. I</p>
<p>maile &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chěnshān. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;bought a shirt for my wife.</p>
<p>A: He! H&amp;o gǎojlde chěnshǎn! Jia- Well! Vhat a classy shirt! The</p>
<p>qian ye bū cuo. Dai huǐr wS yě qū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;price is also pretty good. Later,</p>
<p>mai liangjian. Zhěizhong chěnshān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I’ll go buy a couple, too. Is this</p>
<p>shi GuSngzhou shingchSnde ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kind of shirt produced in GuSngzhSu?</p>
<p>B: Bū shi, shi SūzhSu shengchande. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No, it<sup>r</sup>s produced in SūzhSu,</p>
<p>A: WSmen zai SuzhSude shihou měi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We didn’t see any vhen ve were in</p>
<p>Jianguo! Kanqilai Zh5ngguode hao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sūzhōu! Apparently, all of China<sup>r</sup>s</p>
<p>dongxi dou Jlzh5ng dao Guangzhou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;good things come together in GuSng-</p>
<p>lai le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zhōu!</p>
<p>B: GuSngJiaohuishangde Jlqi ya， &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The machines and consumer items at</p>
<p>xiāofěipln la, dou shi cong qu^n- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Guangzhou Trade Fair are shipped</p>
<p>gu6 y^nliide, zh&amp;nlSn yihou Jiū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;here from all over the country, and</p>
<p>zai Gu&amp;ngzh5u mai, su6yi zhěr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;after being exhibited, are sold right</p>
<p>shǎngdl&amp;zili maide dSngxi you duo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;here in Gmngzhōu, so the stores here</p>
<p>you hSo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sell a lot of different items, and of</p>
<p>good quality.</p>
<p>A: XiSo Chen, wS xi&amp;ng gen ni dS- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;XiSo Chen, I wanted to find out</p>
<p>ting ylxiār ne, GuSngzhou fǔjinde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;from you how the processing industry</p>
<p>Jiǎgong gSngye xianzai fazhSnde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in the vicinity of GuǎngzhSu is devel-</p>
<p>zěnmeyang le? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;oping?</p>
<p>B: Jin niin lfii, fazhSnde bu man. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In recent years, it has been devel-</p>
<p>Zhuyao shi zheixie gSngchSng ySu oping rather quickly. The main thing vaigu6 gongaī canjia, su6yl tamen- is that there are some foreign com-de shengchSn hěn y5u tedlSn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;panics participating in these factor</p>
<p>ies ,so their production is very distinctive.</p>
<p>A: W5 Jīntian zai baozh^shang kan- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I saw a story in the paper today</p>
<p>dao ylge xiaoxi, shu5 zai Jlge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that said that &quot;special economic</p>
<p>difang chěnglile &quot;JīngJi těqǔ•” &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zones” have been established in</p>
<p>several places•</p>
<p>B: Shi. Zai GuǎngdSng, Fujian, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. There are already special</p>
<p>ShanghSi <sub>9</sub> dou yJ J Ing ySu zheiyang- zones like this in Guangdong, FlijiSn, de těqǔ. Ylhou dagai hii hui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and Shanghai. In the future， there</p>
<p>geng duo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vill probably be even more of them.</p>
<p>A: YSu meiyou tebiede f&amp;lu guSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are there special lavs governing</p>
<p>zheixie dlqūde JīngJi qingkuang? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the situations in these special</p>
<p>economic zones?</p>
<p>B: YSu. WSmen ySu Zhongvende, ye &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. We have the Chinese and the</p>
<p>ySu Yīngvěnde, nī xuyao ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;English (versions). Do you need it?</p>
<p>A: Xuyao a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes!</p>
<p>B: 0, dui le, nl sbi lushl a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, right: you’re a lavyer! Of</p>
<p>DangrCn xvyio le. WS mSshang jiu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;course you need it. I<sup>f</sup>ll go get it</p>
<p>qū zh&amp;o. Nl y&amp;o ZhSngvěnde haishi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;right avay. Do you vant the Chinese</p>
<p>Yingvěnde? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;or the English?</p>
<p>A: W5 d5u yilo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Both.</p>
<p>B: H&amp;Ot Luxlzigshe, fandianli dou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay. The Travel Service and the</p>
<p>ySu<sub>9</sub> deng ylxiar hufqu vS gei ni &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hotel both have it. Later, vhen ve</p>
<p>Ō! Dui le, kěněng Jiāoyihul- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;go back, I<sup>1</sup>11 get it for you. Oh,</p>
<p>li ye ySu<sub>9</sub> v5 qu gei ni věnven. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;right--maybe they also have it at the</p>
<p>trade fair. I<sup>1</sup>11 go &amp;sk them for you.</p>
<p>A: HSo ba! WSmea yiql qu, yibian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All right! Let<sup>f</sup>s go together, and</p>
<p>z5u ytbian liioliao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chat on the vay.</p>
<p>B: d^gāl tlngshuō le， &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay!.. .YouWe probably heard that</p>
<p>xlanzāi iinchuk5ude xi&amp;nzbi bī- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nov there are fewer restrictions on</p>
<p>JiSo shSo le, v5men you he x&amp;duo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;imports and exports, and ve have also</p>
<p>gu6jla dingle mlbyi tiaoyue, kai- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;concluded trade treaties vith many</p>
<p>shi g&amp;o JīngJi hezud. Suoyi zui- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;countries, and are starting to engage</p>
<p>Jin zheixie niande Jiaoyihxil tě- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in economic cooperation. So the trade</p>
<p>biě rěnao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fair has been particularly lively the</p>
<p>past fev years.</p>
<p>A: Zhěi yidlSn v5 ye zb^yid^o le, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>ve noticed that myself. Nov, as</p>
<p>xi&amp;nzii yt zSuJin Jiaoyihxil dl- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;soon as you valk into the hall of the</p>
<p>ting, ySnJing Jiu bii gōu yong le, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;trade fair, your eyes can<sup>f</sup>t take every-</p>
<p>zhen shi yuě b在n yuě hSo le, w8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;thing in. It<sup>f</sup>s really getting better</p>
<p>hii tlngshuo xiinzii biede dlfang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and tetter. And 工 hear that nov there</p>
<p>ye y5u xllo guīm6de JiSoyithui le, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;are small-scale trade fairs in other</p>
<p>hSn duo viiguo dilbiSotuan qu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;places, vhich a lot of foreign dele-</p>
<p>cSnJii, shi ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gations attend. Is that so?</p>
<p>B: Sbl* TSbii shi ySule ZhongMel &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. Especially since the Sino-</p>
<p>hSiy^n ti&amp;oyue ylhou, Jlge dit hSi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;American sea transportation treaty,</p>
<p>gSng geng f&amp;orong le. Zai zheixie &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the larger ports have become even more</p>
<p>hSiging, hii y5u B?ijlng, xianzai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;prosperous. In these ports and in</p>
<p>dou ySu xlSo guīmSde Jiāoylhul, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BSiJIng, there are nov small-scale</p>
<p>ySu xuduo v&amp;iguo shangren zai n&amp;r &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;trade fairs vhere many foreign mer-</p>
<p>zuo mXlmai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chants do 'business.</p>
<p>A: Dui, dul, dul. Wo tīngshuo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, yes. I’ve heard that. So I</p>
<p>Suoyi v5 xiSng ylhou yānhSi yldai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;think the coastal region vill develop</p>
<p>hui y5u hen dade fazhǎn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;greatly in the future.</p>
<p>B: V5 ye zenme xiSng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I think so, too.</p>
<p>A: W5 hai y5u ylge věntl, zai Jīng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;工 have another question: Do the.</p>
<p>Ji těqūli gongzudde gongren, gong- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vorkers in special economic zones</p>
<p>zl shi sbi gao yidi&amp;nr ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have higher vages?</p>
<p>B: W5 xiSng gao yidiSnr. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I believe so.</p>
<p>A: Na tū shi hui chūxian yige xīnde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Then might not a new class arise? JieJi ma?</p>
<p>B: Měi name yanzhong! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>1</sup>s not that serious!</p>
<p>A: Weishenme? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Why?</p>
<p>B: Yuande lfii shu5, y5u vaiguo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Generally speaking, in factories</p>
<p>gongsī cǎnjiade g5ngch&amp;ng, suīran &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that have the participation of foreign</p>
<p>gongzī gao yidiSnr, keshi gongzuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;companies, although the vages are</p>
<p>xlaolu ye bīji&amp;o gao a. <sup>,?</sup>Du6 lěo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;higher, the efficiency is also higher.</p>
<p>du5 de<sup>,f</sup> shi shehuizhSyide JingJi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;More pay for more work” is the eco-</p>
<p>zhengce ma! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nomic policy of socialism， you see!</p>
<p>A: &quot;Duo ito du5 dě”！ ZHeige zheng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>lf</sup>More pay for more vork<sup>n</sup>!' That*8</p>
<p>ce &quot;bfi cud. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;good policy.</p>
<p>B: 0, dui le, nī bie wangle, Jīn- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, right一don't forget that ve have</p>
<p>tian vSnsheuag v5men zai fandianli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a party in the restaurant tonight. y5u ylge vSnhui.</p>
<p>A: W&amp;nhui? Duibuqī，w5 &quot;bl Jlde le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Party? Excuse me, but 工 dor^t</p>
<p>rememter.</p>
<p>B: Zuotian gei nl songqude qīng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The invitation was sent over to you</p>
<p>tie. Nl v&amp;ng le? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yesterday. Have you forgotten?</p>
<p>A: 0, dul le, shi huansSnghui! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, yes: it<sup>1</sup>s a farewell party!</p>
<p>B: Shi, shi Zhonggu6 Luxlngshe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. It’s being given by the China</p>
<p>bande. Shi huans5ng» y? shi hu&amp;n- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Travel Service. It<sup>1</sup>s to send you off,</p>
<p>ylng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;but also to welcome you.</p>
<p>A: Huanylng? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Welcome?</p>
<p>B: Huanylng nlmen z&amp;l l&amp;i ya! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To welcome you to come again!</p>
<p>A: Cangrin, vSmen yiālng hul zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Of-course. We’ll &quot;be sure to come</p>
<p>l&amp;i. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;again.</p>
<p>B: Nī qianvin &quot;biě wangle. W&amp;nshang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You mustn’t forget. Seven-thirty</p>
<p>qīdlSn 'b&amp;n! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in the evening!</p>
<p>A: HSo，v8 yiding l&amp;i! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>r</sup>kay, I’ll &quot;be sure to come!</p>
<p>Unit 8<sub>t</sub> Tape 2 Workbook</p>
<p>Exercise 1</p>
<p>This exercise is a reriev of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker vill say a sentence in English, folloved by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker vill confirm your ansver.</p>
<p>All sentences from the Reference List vill occur only once. You may vant to revind the tape and practice this exercise several times.</p>
<p>Exercise 2</p>
<p>In this exercise， an American reporter talks vith the director of the Gu&amp;ngzhou Trade Fair at a press conference.</p>
<p>The conversation occurs only once. After listening to it completely, you<sup>1</sup>11 probably vant to revind the tape and ansver the questions belov as you listen a second time.</p>
<p>Here are the nev vords and phrases you vill need to understand this conversation:</p>
<p>-Jiě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;session</p>
<p>vaishang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;foreign businessman</p>
<p>yaoqiC. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;request, demand</p>
<p>Jianyi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;suggestion, proposal</p>
<p>plngsi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bottle</p>
<p>reng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to throw avay</p>
<p>baozhuang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;packaging</p>
<p>Questiona for Exercise 2</p>
<p>Prepare your ansvers to these questions in Chinese so that you vill be able to gire them orally in class.</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What is the American reporter<sup>1</sup> s suggestion? What tvo reasons does he give?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Have the Chinese been able to follow this suggestion? Why?</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov does the reporter suggest the Chinese might raise their bottling efficiency?</p>
<p>After you hare acsvered these questions yourself, you may vant to take a look at the tranalatioa for this conversation. You may also vant to listen to the dialogue ag&amp;ln to help you practice saying your answers•</p>
<p>Note: The translations used In these dialogues are meant to indicate the English functional equivalents for the Chinese sentences rather than the literal meaning of the Chinese.</p>
<p>Exercise 3</p>
<p>In this conversation, an American reporter talks to a leading cadre from an industrial commercial organization.</p>
<p>Listen to the conversation once straight through. Then, on the second time through, look belov and answer the questions.</p>
<p>Here are the nev vords and phrases you vill need to understand this conversation:</p>
<p>zic6ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ever since</p>
<p>cuowu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be mistaken, to be vrong</p>
<p>zhījlan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;betveen</p>
<p>vaishang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;foreign &quot;businessman</p>
<p>fangxiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;direction</p>
<p>changqī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;long term</p>
<p>Questions for Exercise 3</p>
<p>Prepare your ansvers to these questions In Chinese so that you vill be able to give them orally in class.</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What Interesting things does the American say have come about in special economic zones like Ffizhou? How does he think the situation might develop?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What doea the Chinese say vas one mistake of the Cultural Rev-olutlonT</p>
<p>3， What does he say is the relationship betveen socialism and the policy of &quot;more pay for more work&quot;?</p>
<p>U. What does he ask the American to tell his friends about China<sup>1</sup>s dlrectionT</p>
<p>After you have ansvered these questions yourself, you may vant to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also vant to listen to the conversation to help you practice saying the ansvers vhich you have prepared.</p>
<p>TVL, Unit 8 Exercise U</p>
<p>yia exercise is a conversation &quot;between two employees at the GuSngzhou Tr&amp;de F&amp;lr.</p>
<p>Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then revind the tape and listen again. On the second time through, ansver the questions.</p>
<p>You vill need the folloving nev words and phrases:</p>
<p>&quot;bSi zhuSzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to set a table</p>
<p>vaishang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;foreign businessman</p>
<p>zSTben &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;capital</p>
<p>bSozheng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to assure, to guarantee</p>
<p>kSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be willing</p>
<p>Questions for Exercise U</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Who is being given a send-off?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Why does the voman say China needs lawyers?</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Why is the farevell meeting not going to be an ordinary one?</p>
<p>U. What kind of vork do these tvo vorkers do at the Trade Fair?</p>
<p>After you have ansvered these questions yourself, you may vant to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also vant to listen to the conversation again to help you pronounce your ansvers correctly.</p>
<p>Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 2</p>
<p>At &amp;&nbsp;press conference in the GuSngzhou Trade Fair, an American reporter</p>
<p>(A) talks vith the director of the Trade Fair (B).</p>
<p>B: Gěvei hfii y8u shenme ventf ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you have any more questions?</p>
<p>A: Y3u y£ge hSn xiSode věntf, v8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;One small question. The last fev</p>
<p>xl&amp;ng zuiJin JlJiě Jiaoyihui kan- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;trade fairs have all looked very suc-</p>
<p>qilai dou gSode h?n bfi cuo, vaiguo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cessful. Foreign businessmen have</p>
<p>shangren h?n shXo y3u kongshSu hul- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rarely gone home empty-handed. But</p>
<p>qude, b(iguo y5u xie qlngxing nlmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;couldn't you change certain things a</p>
<p>neng bu neng gSide kuai yidiSnr ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;little faster?</p>
<p>B: DangrSji, vaiahangaen tlchulaide &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Of course, ve alvays consider sug-</p>
<p>yaoqiu vSmen zSngshi yao kSolude. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gestions from foreign businessmen.</p>
<p>Ban GuSzigJiaohuide mūdl Jiū shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The purpose of holding the Gu&amp;ngzh5u</p>
<p>yao f£nr6ng JinchukSu ma! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zh5u Trade Fair is to make foreign</p>
<p>trade prosper!</p>
<p>B: W8 zhl ySu ylge Jianyi» Nlmende &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I Just have one suggestion. Could</p>
<p>pfjitt p£ngzl k? bu kěyi gSl xlSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you make your beer bottles smaller?</p>
<p>yidlXnr ne? WSmen hSn xihuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We like the beer that CMna exports,</p>
<p>Zhonggu6 chūk5ude pi Jitt, k2shi hSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b\it ve don't like those big bottles</p>
<p>bi xīhuan něixie xleLug Ji&amp;ngyou- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that look like soy sauce &quot;bottles,</p>
<p>pfng ylyingde āk plngzi. Yunqi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They*re difficult to ship. Besides,</p>
<p>lai bi fangbian, Ěrqi? Xīngqīliii， &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;on weekends ve like to go out on</p>
<p>Xlngqīti&amp;n vSmen xihuan chǔqu 111- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;trips. It's so convenient to have</p>
<p>xlng, xlSo ping piJiS hewan Jii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;small bottles vhich you can throv out</p>
<p>reng, duome fangbian• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vhen you're finished.</p>
<p>B: Xlexle al. Zheige J ianyi tide &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thank you. That<sup>f</sup> s a very good sug-</p>
<p>h?n hSo. Sh&amp;ngci XlĀnggfag maoyi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gestion. It vas already made by a</p>
<p>dcLibiSotuin l£i zhelide shihou yl- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;trade delegation from Hong Kong vhen</p>
<p>Jīng tlchulai le. Dai huīr vSmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;they came here. Later, ve can shov</p>
<p>Jiu kěyi qlng gevei k&amp;n ylxiir v3- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you our smaller-bottle beer, but at</p>
<p>mende xiSo ping p£jiu<sub>9</sub> 'bH gud zhei- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;present this kind of beer cannot yet</p>
<p>zhSng pi Jiu hai bi neng da &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;be produced on a large scale. Our</p>
<p>gulmo shengcbXn<sub>9</sub> vSmende shebei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;equipment still has many limitations, hii y5u hSn du3 xlanzhi.</p>
<p>A: Yěxi zki xhiifangnilan vSmen M?i- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Perhaps some of our American compan-</p>
<p>guo gongaī kfiyl hi Zhongguo fang- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ies might be able to cooperate with</p>
<p>mi&amp;n hezud» tlgao baozhu&amp;ngde xiao- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;China in this area and raise your</p>
<p>lii. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bottling efficiency•</p>
<p>B: Zheige věntl blJiXo fdza, vomen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This is a rather complicated ques-</p>
<p>dei yanjiu yanjiu, v5 xlvang bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tion vhich ve will have to look into.</p>
<p>Jitt, vSmen Jiu keyi gSi nl y£ge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I hope that ve will be able to give</p>
<p>mSnyide huldi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you a satisfactory ansver before long.</p>
<p>A • m'vA m n4 _ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ThftnV vnu.</p>
<p>B: E&amp;i y8u shezune biěde věntf ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any more questions?</p>
<p>A: Xi&amp;nz&amp;i meiy5u le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No.</p>
<p>B: HSo, name vSmende zhaodaihui Jiū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All right, then ve<sup>!</sup>11 end the press</p>
<p>kai dao zheli, v8 yao xiěxle gěvěi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;conference here. I<sup>f</sup>d like to thank</p>
<p>xlnven.liě pengyoude bangzhu he &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all of you friends from the press for</p>
<p>Jianyi, xiěxle dajia. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;your help and suggestions, and thank</p>
<p>all of you.</p>
<p>Dialogue and Translation for Exercise &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3</p>
<p>An American reporter (A) and a leading cadre (B) frgm an industrial</p>
<p>commercial organization talk,</p>
<p>A: Liū Xiǎnsheng, nfn hao, hSo Jiu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hello, Mr. Liū, I haven<sup>1</sup>t seen you</p>
<p>b1l Ji&amp;n. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in a long time.</p>
<p>B： HSo JiS bil Ji&amp;n. Hen mang ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, it<sup>f</sup>s been a long time. Have</p>
<p>you been busy?</p>
<p>A; Meiyou name m£ng, Jiū shi lei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Not so busy, I’m Just tired.</p>
<p>yidiSnr.</p>
<p>B: Zui Jin you dao nSr qu le? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Where have you been to again lately?</p>
<p>A: Ftijian. Flizhou fujin y5u yfge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Flljian, Near Fdzhou there<sup>1</sup> s a very</p>
<p>hSn d&amp;de JīngJi teqū, vo zai nar &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;large special economic zone where I</p>
<p>zhule Jlti&amp;n, Juěde hen you yisi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;stayed a fev days* I found it very</p>
<p>interesting.</p>
<p>B: Shi a. Zlc6ng he nlmen dingle &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. Ever since ve concluded the</p>
<p>hSiyun tiaoyue ylhou, Jlge da h5i- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sea transport treaty vith you, our big</p>
<p>g&amp;zig d5u shi yuě gSo yuě finrōng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ports have been getting more and more</p>
<p>le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;prosperous.</p>
<p>A: B1l Jiu shi zheixie, Fuzhou hai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Not only that, but some very inter-</p>
<p>chūxlinle yixie hSn you yiside &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;esting things have come about in F&lt;1-</p>
<p>zh5u*</p>
<p>B: Nl 8hu08hu0 k&amp;n ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What<sup>1</sup> s that?</p>
<p>A: Z&amp;i JīngJi těqu g5ngzu5de ZhSng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chinese vorkers vho live in special</p>
<p>gu6 gongren<sub>y</sub> tamende shouril blJiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;economic zones have larger incomes,</p>
<p>duo, tamen bljiSo rongyi maid&amp;o &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and it<sup>1</sup>s easier for them to get higher</p>
<p>zhlliang blJiSo hǎode xiāofěipln. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;quality consumer goods. What do you</p>
<p>Nln zSiuneyang? Zai J IngJ i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;think: Will a nev class appear in</p>
<p>těqu hui bu hul chūxian xīnde Jie- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the special economic zones? Will</p>
<p>Jl, zai zhengzhishang hui bu hui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a nev political situation develop? chūxl&amp;n xīnde qfngkuar.g ?</p>
<p>B: Nl qianvan bii yao name xiSng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You mustn<sup>f</sup>t think like that. Dur-</p>
<p>Qianxie nian, v5men zhl gao 2hěng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ing those fev years, ve vere mistaken</p>
<p>zhi b立 gSo JīngJi shi cuovude• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to engage only in politics and not</p>
<p>Erqie zhl gio zhengzhi<sub>t</sub> zhengzhi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in economics. Moreover, ve didn<sup>1</sup>^</p>
<p>ye meiyou gSohSo ma! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;even handle the politics veil.</p>
<p>A: Niane, nl xiSng zheige qingkuang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;So you don，t think that there vill</p>
<p>he shehuizhǔyide gongzī zhengce &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;be any big problems betveen this</p>
<p>zhijian bu hui you shenme da věntf &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;situation and the socialist vage</p>
<p>le? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;policy?</p>
<p>B: Nl fang xīn hao le，<sup>,f</sup>duo lao du5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You can rest assured a'bout that.</p>
<p>dě” shi vSmende zhengce. Zheige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;”More pay for more vork” is our pol-</p>
<p>zhěngcě shi bfi hui gaide. G5o yi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;icy, and it von’t change. Socialism</p>
<p>tian shěhnizhuyi Jiu del shixing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and the policy of ”more pay for more</p>
<p>yitian ”du5 lfio duo dě”de zhengce. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vork&quot; must go hand in hand. Most of</p>
<p>Zai JingJi těqūde gongsī, gong- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the companies and factories in special</p>
<p>chSng, duotanr ySu vaishang can- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;economic zones have foreign mer-</p>
<p>Jia, Ehetei tiaojian hSo yidianr, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chants participating• They have bet-</p>
<p>gSngzuS xiaolū gao yidi&amp;nr, g5ng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ter facilities and higher efficiency,</p>
<p>ren gSngzī duo yidl&amp;nr shi yīng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>f</sup>s right that their vorkers have</p>
<p>gaide. Qlngkxxang tfi hui y£nzhong- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;higher pay* The situation could</p>
<p>dSo chūxian y£ge xīnde JieJi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;never become so serious that a nev</p>
<p>class vould appear.</p>
<p>A: HXoJlle, xiexie nin* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wonderful. Thank you,</p>
<p>B: Bii keqi, qlng ni gaosu nlde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Not at all. And please tell your</p>
<p>pěngyoumen, da gSo S丨ge Xiandaibud &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;friends that going all out vith the</p>
<p>shi vSmende f&amp;ngxliLng, fanr6ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Four Modernizations is our direction.</p>
<p>JingJi shi zheige da fangxlangde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Maying our economy prosper is one part</p>
<p>yltufen, shi vSmen ch|aggīde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of that big direction, and it<sup>f</sup>s our</p>
<p>zhengce, t1i hui sul'bian gSide, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;long-term policy. We von<sup>f</sup>t change it</p>
<p>qīng gefangioiande pěngyou fingxīn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;arbitrarily. Ask our friends In all</p>
<p>spheres to rest assured.</p>
<p>A: HSo, vS yiding zhuSngao tamen. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All right, I<sup>f</sup>ll be sure to pass the</p>
<p>message on to them.</p>
<p>Dialogue and Translation for Exercise k</p>
<p>This is &amp;&nbsp;conversation tetveen tvo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;employees at the GuSngzhou Trade</p>
<p>Fair.</p>
<p>A: Dātlnglide zhuozl dou tSihao le &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Have all the tatles in the large</p>
<p>meiyou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hall teen set?</p>
<p>B: B&amp;ihSo le. Jīntian you shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. Who Is it that is being given</p>
<p>huansdng shěi ya? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a send-off today?</p>
<p>A: Huansong y£ge Xianggang laide &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A delegation of lawyers from Hong</p>
<p>ldshī dailDiSotuan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Kong.</p>
<p>B: L^ahl? FSlft gong zuo zh? gen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lawyers? What connection do legal</p>
<p>GuSngJiiohui y8u shenme gu&amp;nxi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;workers have with the GuXngzhSu Trade</p>
<p>Fair?</p>
<p>A: Xi&amp;nzii Zh5nggu6 he vaishangde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;China is cooperating more and more</p>
<p>hezud yuě lSi yuě duo le. Zhong- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vith foreign merchants• If China</p>
<p>gu6 yao JtnkSu shěběi, yao gSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wants to import equipment, to do pro-</p>
<p>Jiagōng gongye, huoshi yao gSo biě- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cessing or finishing of products, or</p>
<p>de JīngJi hězuo, d5u xuyao fSlu a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have any other economic cooperation,</p>
<p>they need lavyers!</p>
<p>B: W5 h£ishi Juěde ySu yidiSnr ql- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I still think that<sup>f</sup>s kind of strange,</p>
<p>gnai, bu z2nme qingchu, wS conglai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don<sup>f</sup>t really understand. I never</p>
<p>měi xiSngdlo fSlu he JīngJi hai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;thought that lav had anything to do</p>
<p>y5u guānxi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vith economics.</p>
<p>A: Waigu6 sh&amp;ngren ma, Jiaqian na, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Foreign merchants, you knov. They</p>
<p>zlbgn na， shenmede, dou yao y3ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have to write out clearly their prices</p>
<p>filfl xleqīngchude, yaoburan, tamen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and capital in legal terms» otherwise</p>
<p>z 豸nine zhīdao t So zheng keyi zhuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hov can they knov for sure that they are</p>
<p>qi&amp;n ne? Bil keyi zhu&amp;n qi&amp;n, ta- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;guaranteed to make money? And if they</p>
<p>men veishemne yao hi wSmen zuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;can’t make any money, why would they</p>
<p>mSla&amp;i ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vant to do business vith us?</p>
<p>B: A! Nfn zhěi yi shuo v5 Jiu qing- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh! When you put it that vay,工</p>
<p>chu le. YSule fSlu bSozhěng, vSi- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;understand. Foreign merchants are</p>
<p>shang c£i ken zud mSimai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;only villing to do business if they</p>
<p>they have legal guarantees.</p>
<p>A: H&amp;o le<sub>t</sub> z&amp;i qū kankan» vSohui- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, go back and take a look. The</p>
<p>shang zūy&amp;ode dongxi dou yio j£- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;things we<sup>f</sup>ll need during the b&amp;nquet</p>
<p>zhozig fanghSode. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;should all be put together in one</p>
<p>place.</p>
<p>B: Hao, Jide le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All right, I von't forget.</p>
<p>A: Hai y5u, nl tīngdao xlSoxl le &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And another thing: Have you heard</p>
<p>meiyou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the nevs?</p>
<p>B: Meiyou a<sub>9</sub> shenme -xiaoxi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No, vhat nevs?</p>
<p>A: Jīntlin vXnsh&amp;ngde hu&amp;nsonghui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tonight<sup>f</sup>s farevell meeting isn’t</p>
<p>bii til plngching. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;going to be an ordinary one.</p>
<p>B: ZSnme bū pingchang ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov<sup>f</sup>s that?</p>
<p>A: GuXngdSng shSng, GuangzhSu shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All levels of the people<sup>1</sup>s govern-</p>
<p>gějf remain zhengfil dou yao pai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ment of GuSngdong province and the</p>
<p>hen zhongyaode rěn lai. Y5u h!n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;city of Gu&amp;ngzh5u are sending very</p>
<p>du5 hSn zhdngy&amp;ode shi yao zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;important people. They<sup>1</sup>11 be talking</p>
<p>zhěr tan<sub>t</sub> v5men del ba shenme d5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;about a lot of important things here.</p>
<p>yibeihio* rang līngdXo f&amp;ng xīn. We should prepare everything veil and</p>
<p>put the leadership at ease.</p>
<p>B: Měi ventl, vS zai qū JiSnch£ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That von’t be any problem. I<sup>f</sup>ll go</p>
<p>yfci. Nln dai huīr kS dSi zai l£i back and check once more. But later . k&amp;n ylxiar a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you have to go look things over once</p>
<p>yourself!</p>
<p>A: HSo, dai huīr vo Jiu lai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, I<sup>f</sup>ll be right there.</p>
<p>APPENDIX:</p>
<p>WORD USAGE EXERCISES</p>
<p>TRANSLATION EXERCISE</p>
<p>I. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Choose between cāngruān, fǎngwěn and kin in translating these sentences.</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What places did you visit when you went to China?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don't even have time to visit my friends.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This is not a formal (zhěngshi) visit. Don't be</p>
<p>nervous (jǐnzhāng).</p>
<p>II. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shǎoshń, hěn shǎo</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There are very few people who will not help others.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Only a small number of students make (chū) that kind of</p>
<p>mistake.</p>
<p>III. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Choose between direction names with -fang, -bū, and -biān (for example, běifāng, běibu, and běibiān).</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Northerners like to eat foods made from wheat (mianshi),</p>
<p>and Southerners like to eat rice (mifan).</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There are several famous universities in the eastern</p>
<p>United States.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hāngzhōu is southwest of Shanghai.</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;New York is in the northeast.</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inner Mongolia is west of Manchuria.</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;People from northern Taiwan have a different accent</p>
<p>from southerners•</p>
<p>IV. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dong, liaojiě, zhīdao, tīngshuo, tīngdǒng</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If you understood that I wasn't going to come, why did</p>
<p>you still stand there waiting for two hours?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I could understand everything he said, although he</p>
<p>spoke with a very heavy (zhong) accent (kduyīn).</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Such a weird (guāi) guy is really impossible to</p>
<p>understand.</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I understand you're going to school this summer. Is</p>
<p>that true?</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I can understand the Shanghai dialect, but I can't</p>
<p>speak it very well.</p>
<p>V. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gao, nong, zud</p>
<p>1. Doing these sentences drives me crazy (&quot;gives one a headache&quot;).</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It was very difficult to do scientific experimentation</p>
<p>{kēxuě shiyan) under such circumstances.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What are you doing there, you naughty child!</p>
<p>TRANSLATION EXERCISE</p>
<p>I. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Choose -zhong, -lei, or -yang to translate these sentences：</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How could you think that he was that kind of person?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She'll eat any kind of food.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What breed of dog (gou) is this?</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We should research these questions by category.</p>
<p>II. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mūqiin, xianzai, zhěihuīr</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Where is he now?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At present the international situation (gfuōji xingshi )</p>
<p>is complicated.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I'm leaving right now.</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It is now 9:26 Běijīng time.</p>
<p>III. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nūli, yōnggōng, shi (&quot;to try&quot;)</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Try doing it this way. If it doesn't work, we'll see</p>
<p>what we can do about it later.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All the students here are hardworking.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;China is hard at work on modernization, and we want to</p>
<p>help.</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I tried his office three times today, but no one</p>
<p>answered the phone.</p>
<p>IV. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pūbian, pǔtōng, pingchang, liūxing</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That’s a popular saying.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In Shanghai, for men and women to hold hands (shōu lā</p>
<p>shōu) is a very common thing.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How much does an ordinary worker here make a month?</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Frisbees (fěipan) are now very common in Běijiing.</p>
<p>V. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wanquan, quan, zhěngge</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The room was filled with smoke (yin).</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;His idea (xiǎngfě) was completely wrong.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I'm afraid he completely misunderstood what I meant.</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The whole article was about how bad their planning had</p>
<p>been.</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;His whole family came.</p>
<p>VI. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;qūbiě, chābiě, bū yiykng</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There aren't many differences between the big cities of</p>
<p>.the northeastern United States and those of Western Europe (Xī<sup>r</sup>5u).</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I could hardly tell the difference between the twins</p>
<p>(zhědui shuāngbāotāi、.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Would you explain the difference between these two</p>
<p>terms (mingci)?</p>
<p>VII. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rěnwěi, yiwěi, xiang, juěde</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He thought that it was an hour earlier than it really</p>
<p>(shijishang) was.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I think the best way to study a foreign language (wěiipj)</p>
<p>is to live in the country where it is spoken.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What do you think of Běijīng?</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Why do you consider him such a dangerous person?</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Has he already gone back?</p>
<p>B: I think so, but 1<sup>1</sup>m not sure.</p>
<p>VIII. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shǒuxian, xian, diyī</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;First I stayed in a small town (xiiozhěn) for a month</p>
<p>and then came here.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In his office<sub>r</sub> he is always the first to arrive.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You have to first get the pronunciation right in order</p>
<p>to get the spelling (pīnxiě) right.</p>
<p>IX. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tiaojian, qingkuang</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Why don't you apply yourself to your studies? You have</p>
<p>such excellent conditions.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He can<sup>1</sup>t stand (shdubuliāo) the situation any longer.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Under the circumstances, he had no choice but to agree.</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How are business conditions in China these days?</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Conditions have changed greatly in rural China in the</p>
<p>past thirty years.</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Working conditions there are better now than the last</p>
<p>time I visited.</p>
<p>TRANSLATION EXERCISE</p>
<p>I. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Choose mianji, diqu, -dai, -qū■ -bū, or būfen in translating these sentences.</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This area is very dirty.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This area of the city isn't safe.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The area of this room is nine square meters (jiǔ</p>
<p>pingfāng mi).</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the northeastern area of China, there is a lot of</p>
<p>industry.</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This kind of rice is produced in the Jiāngnǎn area.</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The southwestern part of the United States has a very</p>
<p>distinctive natural environment.</p>
<p>7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don't get the chance to come to this part of town very</p>
<p>often.</p>
<p>8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This kind of architecture is very popular in these</p>
<p>parts.</p>
<p>II. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;daozi, ml, fan</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;His father grows ride.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This is fried rice, not plain (&quot;white&quot;) rice.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This rice is grown {chūchěn) only in Guāngdōng.</p>
<p>III. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fāzhan, zhǎng</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Your rice is growing pretty well!</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;China's economy has grown slowly during the past two</p>
<p>decades.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The kids are growing so fast.</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Our company has grown quickly.</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Over the past one hundred years, Shantou has grown into</p>
<p>an important industrial city.</p>
<p>IV. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jiā, jilting, jiā(li)rěn, -hu</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There are no boys in their family.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Xiǎo Ping's whole family went to the seashore on Sunday.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Such a family is rare {bū chang jian) in America.</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thirty years ago there were only twenty-odd families in</p>
<p>this town (xiiozhěn).</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Next Saturday I'm going up to Běijīng to see my family.</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Almost every family has a television in our country.</p>
<p>Some families have more than one.</p>
<p>V. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jīql, jīxie</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Our country * s machine industry is still young.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The application (yingyong) of large machines started</p>
<p>three hundred years ago.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Agricultural machinery is badly needed in China.</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shall I take you to see our new machinery now?</p>
<p>VI. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-kǒu, -ge, ~wěi</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Will the seven of us fit (in the car)?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Those three professors all graduated from Harvard</p>
<p>(Hafd).</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How many people are there in your family?</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(When entering a restaurant for dinner)</p>
<p>Headwaiter: How many?</p>
<p>You： &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Four.</p>
<p>VII. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pingjūn, ylban</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The average height {gǎodū) of the students in this class</p>
<p>is about 1.6 meters (yimi liu).</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The average person can eat fifteen to twenty-five</p>
<p>jiiozi.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;On an average day, I can write five pages (yě).</p>
<p>VIII. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rěn, rěrmin, renmen, rěnjia</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The people would surely not like to keep (bioliū) such a</p>
<p>thing in the constitution (xianfě).</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There isn't much difference between the two brothers (in</p>
<p>personality).</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Friendship involves at least two people.</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I've heard people say that they're going to build (gai)</p>
<p>a hotel at that intersection.</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;People naturally prefer to live in a quiet place rather</p>
<p>than in the busy downtown area {něoshi, &quot;busy downtown area<sup>1</sup>').</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;People are people; she's no different from anyone else.</p>
<p>IX. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tǔpiňn, zhaopiǎn, hua(r)</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I think that picture is of her mother, but it must have</p>
<p>been taken many years ago.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Where did you get so many pictures of China?</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The picture that old man (liotouzi) is drawing is really</p>
<p>ugly!</p>
<p>TRANSLATION EXERCISE</p>
<p>I. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Choose gai, xiū, jianzhu, or jianshě in translating these sentences：</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This highway was three years'in construction. (It took</p>
<p>three years to finish building this highway.)</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are those workers building new dormitories?</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is this how you intend to build a powerful country?!</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Many city walls (chěngqiǎng) built in ancient times were</p>
<p>destroyed (huǐle) during wars.</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No one may build in this district.</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How long did it take to build this bridge (zhěizud qiio)?</p>
<p>II.. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kě, zhēn, yiding, dāngran, shi (&quot;to be,&quot; emphatic)</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He is going to go, but he hasn't decided when yet.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When<sup>-</sup>you tell him, he's sure to be happy.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That sure was an interesting movie.</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He sure has a lot of friends!</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Drugs (dǔpin)that’s certainly not something to mess</p>
<p>with.</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A： Can you tell me why your government didn't send</p>
<p>anyone to take part?</p>
<p>B： Sure I can tell you. It<sup>1</sup>s like this:...</p>
<p>7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A： Would he know the answer (di'an) to this question?</p>
<p>B： I*m sure he would.</p>
<p>8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They want to concentrate on only a portion of the work；</p>
<p>that just won't do!</p>
<p>III. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In each sentence, &quot;how old&quot; requires a different translation.</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How old is this building?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How old are you? (tō a young person)</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How old is your boy?</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How old is your grandfather?</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How old is China?</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How old is this movie?</p>
<p>7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How old are these shoes of yours?</p>
<p>8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How old are these magazines?</p>
<p>9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How old is this chicken soup? (How long since it was</p>
<p>made?)</p>
<p>10. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How old is this bean curd? (How long since it vas</p>
<p>bought?)</p>
<p>IV. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gū, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gūdai</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That•s an ancient building.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Man already knew how to cook in ancient times.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He likes to study (cfǔ) the ancient books.</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;XI'ān is an ancient city.</p>
<p>V. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chuǎngud, jīnggud, gud, gudqu</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ten years have passed, and she's still just as young and</p>
<p>pretty (as before).</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cross the street and wait for me in front of that</p>
<p>building.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I pass there every day on my way to work (shang</p>
<p>bande shihou).</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Time passes so quickly!</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The train passed several stations without stopping.</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When I'm in a hurry, I cut. through the park.</p>
<p>7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;After a month had passed, he felt much better.</p>
<p>8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Through the efforts of many people, we have been able to</p>
<p>set up (kāibān) an elementary school here.</p>
<p>TRANSLATION EXERCISE</p>
<p>I. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bang, bingzhū, bāngmang</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Would you help me?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don't need this kind of help.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He came to help.</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Would you hold this for me for a second?</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I'll help you write the report {baogao).</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We can help each other.</p>
<p>II. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gě-, měi-, yī- (&quot;one&quot;)</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each person has his own ideas. How can he make you do</p>
<p>it this way?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each year we have many excellent students.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each state has some laws of its own.</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;These apples are a dime each.</p>
<p>5- Each book he writes is better than the last.</p>
<p>III. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;guan, guanxīn, jiěyi</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Although she says little, she actually (shijishang)</p>
<p>cares deeply.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If you don't mind, I'd like to ask you a few questions.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;People didn't care a bit about those pitiful {kěliande)</p>
<p>children.</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Who cares what you do?!</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don't mind him!</p>
<p>IV. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;qitā, biěde, ling(wai), yī-, něi~</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;These sentences are pretty good; the others are too</p>
<p>colloquial (tu).</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Well, you can say he*s right about this point, but how</p>
<p>about the other questions?</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;One is too weak, the other is too fat (pang).</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When you're taking the test, don't think about other</p>
<p>things.</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This vase is not bad, but the other one is even</p>
<p>prettier.</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you want to know the other reasons?</p>
<p>7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Put your other hand here.</p>
<p>V. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-wěi, dlwii</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don't like to talk with those who are in high</p>
<p>positions. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;_</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;India's rice (damī) output is the highest (&quot;first”） in</p>
<p>the world.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He's too young to be in such a high position.</p>
<p>VI. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bu fangxīn, dānxīn</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I'm very worried about him. He doesn’t look well.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Without you here I've been sort of anxious.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What is there to worry about?</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I would really worry if you went alone.</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don't worry. She's already grown up； she can take care</p>
<p>of herself.</p>
<p>TRANSLATION EXERCISE</p>
<p>I. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gōngching, chang</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The air is really bad because there are so many</p>
<p>factories in this area.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She'd never been so happy since she came to (&quot;entered&quot;)</p>
<p>this factory.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He works in a camera factory.</p>
<p>II. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;měi, haokan, piaoliang</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She's really a beautiful girl.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What a beautiful place this is!</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This dress doesn't look good at all. Why do you want to</p>
<p>buy it?</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You speak beautiful standard Chinese!</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What a handsome son you have, Department Chief Xū.</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The weather is beautiful today.</p>
<p>III. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cha, bu hǎo, huai</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;His pronunciation is too bad.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He doesn't speak French well.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;His Japanese isn't bad.</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;On the whole, it's a pretty nice place; it's just that</p>
<p>the weather is always bad.</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bad boy (&quot;child&quot;〉！</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Conditions here used to be very bad; now they•re much</p>
<p>better.</p>
<p>7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That commune’s level of mechanization is rather poor.</p>
<p>IV. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;liǎojiě, zhīdao, renshi, shou (sňii)</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I didn't know him when we were at Oxford (Niujīn).</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you know what happened between them (tāmen zhījian)?</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I know nothing about that.</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You still don't know me too well, do you?</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I knew him, but not very well. We had only met a couple</p>
<p>of times.</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I know of him, but I’ve never met him.</p>
<p>7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I still'Hon't know Beijing very well; perhaps we should</p>
<p>go together.</p>
<p>8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{To taxi driver) I want to go to the Dahuā Restaurant.</p>
<p>Do you know it?</p>
<p>9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Of the three of us, you know him best. Do you think he</p>
<p>would mind if we did this?</p>
<p>TRANSLATION EXERCISE</p>
<p>I. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Choose haishi... or zui hǎo in translating these sentences.</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We'd better not go after all. See, it's raining.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You'd better walk there. It's very hard to drive on</p>
<p>that road.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It's best to be mentally prepared (&quot;in the heart have</p>
<p>preparation&quot;).</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1<sup>1</sup>d better not drink too much. I have to drive.</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It would be best if I could talk with him in person.</p>
<p>Would that be possible?</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chinese food is still the tastiest, don't you think?</p>
<p>II. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jiāshū, jiā, jiā(li)rěn</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This housing is for workers and their families.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How many people are there in the average worker's</p>
<p>family?</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is your whole family in Huǎngzhuāng?</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They go home every Saturday to be with their families.</p>
<p>III. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kuai iyao), yao, hui, gang yao, zhěng yao, jiu yao, hěn kuai jiu</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Be patient. We'll be there soon.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He’s going to get his Ph.D. (bōshi xuěwěi) this summer.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You've come at the perfect time. I'm just about to pack</p>
<p>the suitcases.</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She'll be happy if you do that.</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Look, it's about to rain.</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It's going to rain today.</p>
<p>7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That<sup>1</sup>s what I was just about to say, (but) you didn't</p>
<p>give me the chance to say it.</p>
<p>8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She forgot about the matter very soon.</p>
<p>9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Three new consulates (lingshlguǎn) are going to open</p>
<p>very soon.</p>
<p>10. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I'm about to die of hunger!</p>
<p>11. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don't worry. I * 11 tell him.</p>
<p>12. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It，s almost over (finished).</p>
<p>13. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If you don't stay in touch (&quot;maintain contact&quot;) with</p>
<p>them, they forget you very soon.</p>
<p>14. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He came when I was just about to leave.</p>
<p>IV. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yǎnzhe, pingbiin</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They've planted a lot of trees alongside the river.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Alongside the street, I saw many new stores.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They built a railroad alongside the border.</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Just walk along this street, and you'11 see a lot of</p>
<p>clothing stores.</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There is a park alongside the factory.</p>
<p>V. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yi shang, shangmian, -duo OR t/īxia, xiāmian, bǔ dao</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There are probably over ten people there.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He has under twenty students.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Children ten and over may participate：</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It will cost over fifty dollars.</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We had been going for less than an hour when the car</p>
<p>broke down.</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Only buildings with over four stories have elevators.</p>
<p>7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Under this brigade there are ten production teams.</p>
<p>8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It* s been over a month since I saw him last.</p>
<p>9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;His office is right above mine.</p>
<p>TRANSLATION EXERCISE</p>
<p>I. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Choose dāihuīr, děng yixia, děng (yi )huǐr, yihou, or houlii in translating these sentences：</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I'll be leaving in a minute.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Later, when you have time, let's talk, okay?</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wait a second. I think I hear him coming.</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Later, I found out that she had been a Red Guard.</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Things were very chaotic at that time, but later on they</p>
<p>got better.</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;His later short stories are mostly about the Uygurs.</p>
<p>7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He'll be here in a while.</p>
<p>II. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fanrǒng, fāda.</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Tang dynasty was a period (shiqī) when China*s</p>
<p>culture flourished.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I didn't expect that this place would have become so</p>
<p>prosperous in the ten years since I left.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Livestock farming is well developed in Xinjiang and</p>
<p>Inner Mongolia.</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Japan's industry and commerce are flourishing and the</p>
<p>economy is thriving.</p>
<p>III. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;qiinwan, yiding</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Be sure to bring that book.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Be sure not to forget to ask him whether he is coming.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I'll be sure to tell him.</p>
<p>IV. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xiaoxi, xīnwěn</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Where did you hear this news?</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There isn't any interesting news in today's paper.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is there any news about China?</p>
<p>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She often brought us unpleasant {bū xpikuaide) news.</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Has there been any news about when the meeting will be</p>
<p>held?</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What good news is there today?</p>
<p>7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;News reporters (jizhě) are the best at getting</p>
<p>information.</p>
<p>VOCABULARY</p>
<p>Module &amp;&nbsp;Unit</p>
<p>ai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to love &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•6</p>
<p>aiqfng gushi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;love story &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1*</p>
<p>aishang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to fall in love vith &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.6</p>
<p>Alabo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Arab, Arabic &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6*</p>
<p>an &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shore, &quot;bank, coast &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3*</p>
<p>&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;according to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.7</p>
<p>anding &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be peaceful and stable, to be &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•了</p>
<p>quiet and settled</p>
<p>SnpSi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to arrange &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>anshl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;on time &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6*</p>
<p>ba &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(marker of pause, hypothesis) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>baba &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;father, dad, papa &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•红</p>
<p>Badallng (B£d&amp;llng) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(area northwest of B?iJIng) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U</p>
<p>bSifen zhī X &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;X percent &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>baitian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;daytime &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.3,</p>
<p>bSi zhuozl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to set a table &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8*</p>
<p>«ban &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for class of students) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3*</p>
<p>bang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to help; as a help to, for (someone) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>b^ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to &quot;be great, to be fantastic, to be &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.7*, 8.U*</p>
<p>terrific</p>
<p>bang mang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to help; help &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.U</p>
<p>bangzhu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to help; help; as a help to, for &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T-2</p>
<p>bao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to wrap &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8*</p>
<p>bSochl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to keep, to preserve, to maintain &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5</p>
<p>bSohū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to protect &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6</p>
<p>b So zhSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to guarantee, to assure &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8*</p>
<p>bao zhuang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to package; p&amp;clc&amp;ging &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8*</p>
<p>-bii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;time, -fold &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.7</p>
<p>bei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(passive marker) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.7</p>
<p>B?idi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BSijīng University &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>b^ifang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the north &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1^</p>
<p>beihdu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;behind someone<sup>f</sup>s back &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2*</p>
<p>-biizi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lifetime &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.2</p>
<p>b?ndi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;this locality, local &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3*</p>
<p>bSnlal &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;originally, In the beginning, at first; 7-7</p>
<p>to begin vith, in the first place</p>
<p>bSnrěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;herself, himself, oneself, myself, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6*</p>
<p>etc.</p>
<p>bl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to compare &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.1*</p>
<p>Module &amp;&nbsp;Unit</p>
<p>'blanhua &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;change(s) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>'bianjiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;border region, frontier region &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8• 6</p>
<p>tianjlng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(national) border &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>blcl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;each other, one another, toth; the &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了_5*</p>
<p>same to you</p>
<p>bijiao (bljiSo) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;comparatively, relatively, more; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>fairly, rather; to compare</p>
<p>bingrěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sick person, patient &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.3*</p>
<p>tomu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;aunt (vife of father's elder &quot;brother); 7.8</p>
<p>term for the mother of one<sup>f</sup>s friend</p>
<p>toshi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ph.D. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.2]</p>
<p>-bū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for films; counter for auto- 8.1*, 8•了</p>
<p>mobiles» machines, etc.)</p>
<p>bu fangxīn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to worry &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.3*</p>
<p>-būfen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;part, section &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>tii guSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;no matter (vhat, whether, etc.) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T. 5*, 7-6</p>
<p>bii huǎng mang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;calm, not the least bit flustered &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8*</p>
<p>tfi jian san &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;don*t leave until ve*ve met up &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•了•</p>
<p>bii JiSndan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;not ordinary, not commonplace; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•了*</p>
<p>remarkable</p>
<p>&quot;bň neng &quot;bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to have to, must &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T-T</p>
<p>bii shSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be quite a lot, to be much, to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•“</p>
<p>be many</p>
<p>&quot;bil shi... jiu shi. •. if it isn^t.. .then it’s.&quot;; either,.. 7-7</p>
<p>or...</p>
<p>bu shi tiande Jiū shi if it isn<sup>f</sup>t sveet, then it’s hot &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.7* lade</p>
<p>bu xiang hua &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be ridiculous, to te outrageous, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6</p>
<p>to be absurd (talk, acts, etc.)</p>
<p>cai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;only (before an amount) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3</p>
<p>cai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;only in that case, only under this &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.5</p>
<p>condition</p>
<p>caich&amp;i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;property &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了 •“</p>
<p>caldī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vegetable plot &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>cailiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;materi&amp;l(8); data &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>canguan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to visit and observe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>canjia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to participate in，to take part in; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6</p>
<p>to Join; to attend</p>
<p>cǎnkSoshǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;reference book &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2*</p>
<p>cha &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to differ; to be inferior, to be &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>poor, to be not up to standard; to lack</p>
<p>chabie &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;difference, disparity &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>chang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be long &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1</p>
<p>chang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to taste &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.7*</p>
<p>chSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;factory, plant &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5], 8.6</p>
<p>chāng ge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to sing (songs) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6*</p>
<p>Module 左 Unit</p>
<p>Cb&amp;ng Jiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yangtze River &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3*, 8.7</p>
<p>changqī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;long term &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,8*</p>
<p>ch£nliang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;output, yield &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>-chao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dynasty (bound form) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Q.h</p>
<p>chSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be noisy; to disturb by making &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.8</p>
<p>noise</p>
<p>chaodai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dynasty &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.^</p>
<p>chSoxIng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to wake (someone) up by being noisy &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8</p>
<p>-cheng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(verb ending) into &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.3</p>
<p>chenggong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to succeed &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6*</p>
<p>chenghu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to call, to address &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,1</p>
<p>chěngli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to establish, to found, to set up &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>chěngshi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;city; urban &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1,6</p>
<p>chengyuanguo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mem'ber country &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.6*</p>
<p>chexiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;car (of a train) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6*</p>
<p>chrbuxiaqu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be unable to eat &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3</p>
<p>chi ku &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to suffer, to undergo hardship &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了</p>
<p>chongxīn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;again, anev， afresh &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,U</p>
<p>chou yan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to smoke (tobacco) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7-6*</p>
<p>chū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to produce &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,3*</p>
<p>...chu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;at the beginning of... &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>chuang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bed &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2*, 7.5*</p>
<p>chuangkSu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vindov (e.g., ticket vindov) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1*</p>
<p>chuanguo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to cross through &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U</p>
<p>chuantSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tradition, traditional &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.1</p>
<p>chu chai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to go or be avay on (official) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,6</p>
<p>business</p>
<p>chu guo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to go abroad &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>chū Jing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to leave a country &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>chukSu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to export &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>chūnji &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the spring season &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3*</p>
<p>chūxian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to appear, to arise, to emerge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>clhui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vocabulary &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2*</p>
<p>conglai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ever (up till nov), alvays (up till &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7-3</p>
<p>nov)</p>
<p>conglai 'bū/mei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;never (up till nov) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3</p>
<p>cong... (Verb)-ql &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to &quot;begin (Vert)-ing from... &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.7</p>
<p>cunkuSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;savings &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3*</p>
<p>cǔnr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;village &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6*</p>
<p>cuovii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be wrong (incorrect); mistake &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8*</p>
<p>datūfen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the greater part; for the most part, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>mostly</p>
<p>dadui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(production) brigade &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>daduosh^(r) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the great majority &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5</p>
<p>-dai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;generation; era, (historical) period &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5</p>
<p>-dai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zone, area, belt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>daibiSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to represent; representative, delegate; 8.U*, 8.7*, 3.?</p>
<p>on behalf of, in the name of</p>
<p>Module &amp;&nbsp;Unit</p>
<p>d&amp;ibiSotuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;delegation, mission &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3*, *8.8</p>
<p>dai huīr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in a while, later (BSiJīng) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>d&amp;ishang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to ta}ce along (Běijīng) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8</p>
<p>daji? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;older sister” （a respectful term &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了</p>
<p>of address for a voman a'bout one's ovn age or older)</p>
<p>Dali &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a city in Yunnan province) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1*</p>
<p>dalu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mainland, continent &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.1</p>
<p>dang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to act as, to be &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6*</p>
<p>dSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(political) party &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6</p>
<p>danrěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to take up, to assume (a Jo*b or post) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>dānxīn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be worried, to be uneasy &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了，U</p>
<p>iānzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;list; form &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8</p>
<p>dao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to pour; to dump &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.1</p>
<p>-dao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(resultative ending used for percep- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3</p>
<p>tion &quot;by one of the senses: jiandao • kandao, tīngdao• etc.)</p>
<p>-dao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(resultative ending used to indicate &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.3</p>
<p>reaching: xiSngdao • tandSo• etc., often translated as <sup>rf</sup>about&quot; or &quot;of<sup>w</sup>)</p>
<p>dao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yet, on the contrary, nevertheless &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8•了</p>
<p>daochii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;everyvhere &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.了 •</p>
<p>ditode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;morality, morals, ethics &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.2*</p>
<p>daoll &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;principle, truth, hovs and whys; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.2</p>
<p>reason, argument<sub>9</sub> sense</p>
<p>d&amp;oyou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(tour) guide &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.7</p>
<p>daozi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rice (in the paddy, or after harvesting 8.3</p>
<p>but before hulling); paddy</p>
<p>Daqlng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a city in Heilongjiang Province) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>dSrSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to disturb &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U*</p>
<p>da shlfu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chef &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.7*</p>
<p>dating &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(large) h&amp;ll &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,8^</p>
<p>Datong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a city in Shanxi province) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6*</p>
<p>daxue bftyěshSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;college graduate &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2*</p>
<p>daxuesheng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;college student &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1*</p>
<p>dS zhdng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to fight a war, to go to var &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8</p>
<p>dS zhen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to get an injection &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.8*</p>
<p>dS zi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to type (on a typewriter) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.6</p>
<p>dazir&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nature (the physical world) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2*</p>
<p>de &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to get &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5</p>
<p>dedao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to receive, to get &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5</p>
<p>-de hui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if; in case; supposing that &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.6</p>
<p>d?i kin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to depend on &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8</p>
<p>dSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vhen; by the time; till &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8*</p>
<p>dSng dao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wait until; vhen, by the time &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3</p>
<p>d2ng ylxlS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wait a minute; in a little vhile &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了_8</p>
<p>d?ngyii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to equal, to be equal to; to be the &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8•了</p>
<p>same as (in effect), to amount to</p>
<p>di &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;earth, soil; land; ground; fields &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>-dlin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;point &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了 .1,</p>
<p>diao yXnlěi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to cry &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.3*</p>
<p>Module &amp;&nbsp;Unit</p>
<p>ding &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to agree on; to draw up (a plan); to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>conclude (a treaty)</p>
<p>diqǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;area, district, region &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>diwei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;position, status &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</p>
<p>dixlng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;topography, terrain &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U•</p>
<p>-dong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for buildings) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.7*</p>
<p>DongbSi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Manchuria &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>dSngbū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the eastern part of a country &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.了*</p>
<p>dSngde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to understand, to grasp, to know &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.1</p>
<p>du&amp;npian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;short (stories, articles) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了，6</p>
<p>duli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be independent; independence &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.2</p>
<p>duo (duo) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;how (to what extent) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.U</p>
<p>-du5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for flowers) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,7*</p>
<p>duo h&amp;o! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;how great that is! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.2*</p>
<p>duo lao duo dě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;more pay for more work &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>duoshū(r) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the majority (of), most (of) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.5</p>
<p>ěi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;say: (interjection telling that the &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.3*</p>
<p>speaker Just thought of something)</p>
<p>ěrtong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;child (formal word) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.6</p>
<p>ěrx£fu(r) (-fer) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;daughter-in-lav &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.k</p>
<p>fǎda &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to &quot;be (highly) developed, to &quot;be &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2*, T. 5</p>
<p>flourishing, to &quot;be prosperous</p>
<p>fSlu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;law &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.T,</p>
<p>fan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to translate &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•了•</p>
<p>fan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to violate, to offend, to commit; to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•了</p>
<p>have an attack (of an old disease)</p>
<p>fSndui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to oppose, to &quot;be against &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1*</p>
<p>fangbei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to take precautions against &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U</p>
<p>fitng Jia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to have vacation; to let out for &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,6</p>
<p>vacation</p>
<p>-fangmian (-mlan) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;aspect, side, area, respect &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.l</p>
<p>fSngven &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to visit and meet vith &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6*, 8.1</p>
<p>fāngxiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;direction &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8*</p>
<p>fang xīn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be unvorried, to &quot;be at ease &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>fangyan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dialect &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>fSngzhī gSngye &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;textile industry &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5*</p>
<p>fanroag &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to &quot;be flourishing/prosperous/&quot;booming; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>to make (something) prosper</p>
<p>fSnzhěng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;anyway, in any case &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3*, 8.7*</p>
<p>fan zui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to conmilt a crime &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.了</p>
<p>fǎshēng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to happen<sub>9</sub> to occur &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.T</p>
<p>faxian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to discover, to find out; discovery &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.了</p>
<p>fSzhSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to develop, to expand, to grow &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.5</p>
<p>fen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;points &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5*</p>
<p>Module &amp;&nbsp;Unit</p>
<p>fen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to divide, to separate, to split; to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6, .8.2</p>
<p>be divided into (parts, categories)</p>
<p>-fen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for portions of food) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1*</p>
<p>fēngsu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;custom(s) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5</p>
<p>fēnkai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to separate, to split up &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.6</p>
<p>fC &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to spend, to expend &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5*</p>
<p>Fujian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a province in south China) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>funu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;voman; women, womankind &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</p>
<p>fuqi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;blessings, good fortune</p>
<p>fūz£ (fuza) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be complicated, to be complex &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>gal &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vill probably &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了</p>
<p>gai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;should, ought to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8</p>
<p>gai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to build (&quot;buildings) ； to cover &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7-^* , 8.U</p>
<p>g&amp;lbiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to change; change(s) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1*, 7.5</p>
<p>g&amp;ishan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to improve &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,6*</p>
<p>g&amp;itiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;another day &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1*</p>
<p>ganbu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cadre &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7-6</p>
<p>gangtiS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;iron and steel &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.了</p>
<p>gSnJuě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;feeling, sensation; to feel, to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1</p>
<p>perceive</p>
<p>ganma &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to do what; (colloquial) why on earth, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7,8</p>
<p>vhat for</p>
<p>g^nshajig(lai) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to catch up &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8•了</p>
<p>gSn shenme &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to do vhat; (colloquial) why on earth, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.8</p>
<p>vhat for</p>
<p>gSnxiě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be thankful, to *be grateful (for) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7-3*, 8 • 5</p>
<p>gSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to do/carry on/engage in/vork in (a &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>field or endeavor)</p>
<p>gSocuS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to do vrong; to be mistaken &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.7</p>
<p>gaogan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;senior cadres &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了，6*</p>
<p>gSohSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to do a good Job of, to handle well &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1*</p>
<p>gSoshingqū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to cause to go up， to cause to move &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,2</p>
<p>forward</p>
<p>gaozhong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;senior high school &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2, 7.1*, 7.5*</p>
<p>8.7*</p>
<p>ge- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;each, every, various, different &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>g$gu6 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;various countries &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.l*</p>
<p>GēlūnblyS Daxue &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Colunfbia University &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U*</p>
<p>geming &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;revolution; revolutionary; to revolt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8*, 8,2</p>
<p>gen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to follow &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8*</p>
<p>genzhe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;along vith, in the vake of &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8, 5*</p>
<p>gong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;male (for animals) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2*</p>
<p>GongchSndSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Communist Party &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6</p>
<p>gongchSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;factory, mill, plant, works &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7-6*, 8.6</p>
<p>gongchengshl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;engineer &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>gongdiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;palace &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.ū</p>
<p>gonggong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;grandfather, grandpa (paternal) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.U*</p>
<p>g5ngkě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;homevork &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.7*</p>
<p>Module &amp;&nbsp;Unit</p>
<p>gonglū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;highvay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8•了.</p>
<p>Gongqlngtuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Conmiunist Youth League &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了••6*</p>
<p>gongren &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;worker &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,3*, 8.6</p>
<p>gSngshangyě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;industry and commerce &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7- 5</p>
<p>gongshe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;commune &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>gongye &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;industry &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T•5</p>
<p>gōngyipln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;handicrafts &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.8</p>
<p>gongyuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the common era; A.D. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>gongyuan qian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.C. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>gongzī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vages, pay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>gongzuozh? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vorker (in a particular field) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,U</p>
<p>gu- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ancient (used in compound vords) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U*</p>
<p>gu&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to take care of; to mind, to bother &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.2</p>
<p>about</p>
<p>gu&amp;ngch&amp;ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(public) square &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U</p>
<p>Gu&amp;ngdong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(province in south China) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>guSnggao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;advertisement &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•了</p>
<p>Gu&amp;ngJiaohui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GuSngzhou (Canton) Trade Fair &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>Gu&amp;ngxī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a province in so. China) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8-1</p>
<p>guSn (X) jiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Y) to call (X) (Y) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>guannian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;concept, idea, notion &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.2</p>
<p>guanxin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be concerned/care about &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了 J*，8.5</p>
<p>guanyli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as to, vith regard to, concerning, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.1</p>
<p>about</p>
<p>gǔdai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ancient times, antiquity; ancient &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Q.k</p>
<p>gǔdiishl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ancient history &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6*</p>
<p>Gūgong (Bovujruan) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Former Imperial Palace (Museum) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U</p>
<p>guhuī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bone ashes<sub>9</sub> ashes (of a person) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.-5*</p>
<p>gulju &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rules of proper behavior, social &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了</p>
<p>etiquette, manners; special custom, established practice, rule (of a connrunity or organization)</p>
<p>Guilfn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a city in GuSngxI Province) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>guīm6 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;scale， scope, dimensions &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>Guizhou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a province of China) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8-1</p>
<p>gu6jia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;country, state, nation; national &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.1</p>
<p>gu6mln JingJi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;national economy &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5*</p>
<p>guoqū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the past &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.U</p>
<p>gudqu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to pass; to pass avay, to die &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.8</p>
<p>gud rizi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to live; to get along &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.U*</p>
<p>gu6ytt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the national language (Taivan) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1*</p>
<p>giishl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;story &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.6</p>
<p>g^shipian(r) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;feature film &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1*</p>
<p>gushū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ancient book &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1*</p>
<p>hai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fairly, passably &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.U</p>
<p>hSigSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;harbor, seaport &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>h&amp;iluoyln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;heroin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.T*</p>
<p>hiishi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it vould be better to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Q.k*<sub>9</sub> 8.T</p>
<p>Module &amp;&nbsp;Unit</p>
<p>hSivan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bay; gulf &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>hSiyun &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sea transportation &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,8</p>
<p>hanshouban &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;correspondence courses &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6*</p>
<p>Hanyfi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Chinese language &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,6</p>
<p>hSochu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;benefit, advantage &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5</p>
<p>haoh&amp;o (h&amp;ohaor) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;properly, carefully, thoroughly &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1* , 7.8</p>
<p>…hSo le &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(used vhen agreeing, suggesting, or &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,1</p>
<p>permitting); (used vhen giving in to something)</p>
<p>h&amp;o shi h&amp;o, k?shi... well, okay, tut... &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3*</p>
<p>hǎoxiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to seem as if, to seem like &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8</p>
<p>haozhao (haozhao) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to appeal to/to call on (people to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.T</p>
<p>engage in an activity)</p>
<p>Heilongjiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a province in northeast China) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>hēiyě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(darkness of) night, nighttime &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3</p>
<p>hěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to hate, to detest； to feel bitter &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7,6</p>
<p>tovard</p>
<p>hěpfng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;peace; peacefully &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>hěxi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to vrite together, to coauthor &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8*</p>
<p>hězuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to cooperate; cooperation &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>Hongvěibīng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Red Guard; the Red Guards &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.6</p>
<p>houlai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;later, afterwards &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2<sup>#</sup>, T.5</p>
<p>-hū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;household, family &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>hua &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to spend, to expend &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5*</p>
<p>-huS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-ize, -ify &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>Hua&quot;b?i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;north of China &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>huacě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;book of photographs &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U*</p>
<p>Huanan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;south of China &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>huangdt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;emperor &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,6*</p>
<p>Huang He &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Yellov River &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3*</p>
<p>HuCngshan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a mountain in Anhui Province) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>huangtS gaoyuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;loess plateau &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6*</p>
<p>Huangzhuang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(name of a commune) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8•了*</p>
<p>huansong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to see off, to send off &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>huansonghul &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;farevell/send-off meeting &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8•8</p>
<p>or party</p>
<p>Huashěngdiln Y6ubao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Washington Post &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了 •了</p>
<p>huaxian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;synthetic fiber &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8. 5*</p>
<p>-hul &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for sh文,&quot;matter”） &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8</p>
<p>hul &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;might; to &quot;be likely to; will &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.l</p>
<p>huihua &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;conversation &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2*</p>
<p>huft6u(r) jian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;see you later (in a little while) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>hu£ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to live; to become alive; to survive; 7.5</p>
<p>to *be live/alive/livlng; mobile, moving</p>
<p>hu6dong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;activity &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2*</p>
<p>huStuI sanmlngzhi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ham sandwich &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1*</p>
<p>hushuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to talk nonsense; nonsense, drivel &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2*</p>
<p>huxlang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mutually &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.U</p>
<p>Module &amp;&nbsp;Unit</p>
<p>-Jl level, rank, grade, stage, degree &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8 jY to &quot;be crowded</p>
<p>ji to remember; to commit to memory &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5*</p>
<p>-Jia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for families )</p>
<p>-Jia (suffix indicating a professional or &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>specialist in some activity)</p>
<p>Jiagong to process; to finish (a product) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>Jiakuai to speed up &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>JiSnchēng abbreviation &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2*</p>
<p>JiSndan to be simple &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.了</p>
<p>JiSjig to stress, to pay attention to, to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.3</p>
<p>be particular about</p>
<p>JiSng prize &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5]</p>
<p>JiSng Jia(qian) to bargain, to haggle &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8*</p>
<p>JiangJiu to be particular about; to be &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.3*</p>
<p>elegant, to be tasteful</p>
<p>Jiangnan the area south of the the lover &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3*» 8,7*</p>
<p>reaches of the Yangtze River</p>
<p>Jiangsu (a coastal province of China) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5*</p>
<p>Jianli to establish, to found &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5*</p>
<p>Jianshě to build up, to construct; construe- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,3</p>
<p>tion, reconstruction</p>
<p>Jianyi to suggest; suggestion, proposal &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8*</p>
<p>Jianzhu (-zhu, -zhu) to build, to construct; structure; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.k</p>
<p>architecture</p>
<p>Jiao to hand oven, to give &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>-Jiao religion, church (bound form) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>Jiaokēshǔ textbook &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2*</p>
<p>Jiaoliu to exchange; exchange, interchange &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>Jiaoqū suburbs, outskirts &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>Jiaoshl teacher, instructor &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8•2</p>
<p>Jiaotang church, cathedral &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•了•， 8.U</p>
<p>Jiaotong traffic; transportation &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>Jiaoyihui trade fair &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>Jiaoyu to educate; education &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•了</p>
<p>Jiaqian price &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>Jiarii to Join &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.6</p>
<p>J iashu family members, (family) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8 •了</p>
<p>dependents</p>
<p>Jiatlng family &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.3</p>
<p>jībSn basic, fundamental, elementary &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'8.2</p>
<p>jTbenshang basically, on the vhole, by &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>and large</p>
<p>Jldong to be agitated, to be worked up &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.l*</p>
<p>Jiě to borrov; to lend &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.1</p>
<p>-Jiě session &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,8*</p>
<p>Jiědao to successfully borrow &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.1 JiSfing to liberate, to emancipate; liberation 了.6</p>
<p>Ji?fangjun (People’s) Liberation Army, PLA &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>Jiěhūn (jiēhūn) to get married &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.2</p>
<p>JieJi (social) class &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>Module 4 Unit</p>
<p>Jieshou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to accept &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U*</p>
<p>Jiěyl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to mind, to take offense &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6</p>
<p>jljimangmang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in a hurry, extremely rushed &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6</p>
<p>Jlmang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be hasty, to be hurried &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6</p>
<p>Jin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be tight &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.7</p>
<p>Jin-&quot; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the past..., the last.&quot; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>jinbu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to progress; progress &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.7</p>
<p>JinchukSu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;import-export &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8 • 8</p>
<p>Jindaishi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;modern history &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1*</p>
<p>JIngguo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to go through, to pass through; as &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>a result of, after, through; course (of events), vhat has happened</p>
<p>JingJi těqū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;special economic zone (SEZ) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>Jīngshěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;energy, spirits &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3*</p>
<p>Jingxīdao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a kind of rice plant) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>Jlnlng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a city in Inner Mongolia) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6*</p>
<p>jlnkSu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to import &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>Jīnr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;today (B?ijīng) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8*</p>
<p>Jīnshu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;metal &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>jinxing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to carry on, to conduct, to proceed &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.T</p>
<p>Jlnzhang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be nervous, to 'be tense &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3** 8.7</p>
<p>Jlqi (Jlqi) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;machine, machinery, apparatus &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>Jtshu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;technique, skill; technology; technical 8.2</p>
<p>Jiu nā Sichuan lfii shuo take Sichuan for example &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5*</p>
<p>Jiūshi,..y?... &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;even (if)... &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.7</p>
<p>Jlxiě (jījiě) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;machine; machinery; mechanical &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>JīxiěhuS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to mechanize; mechanization &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>Jizh? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;reporter, Journalist &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1*</p>
<p>Jizhong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to concentrate; to centralize; to put &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>together</p>
<p>Jizhu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to remember &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.l*</p>
<p>-Jū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sentence; (counter for sentences or &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1</p>
<p>utterances, often folloved by hua, ”speech”）</p>
<p>Juěding &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to decide; decision &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.^</p>
<p>Ju ge lizi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;give an example &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3*</p>
<p>Jūndui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;army &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.8*</p>
<p>Jňzi ahul(r) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;orange Juice (B?ijlng) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.1*</p>
<p>(V V) kan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;try and (V), (V) and see hov it is &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.7</p>
<p>kan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to depend on &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8</p>
<p>kanbuql &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to look dovn on, to scorn, to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.U</p>
<p>despise</p>
<p>kacdao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to see &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3</p>
<p>kanzhe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(folloved by &amp;&nbsp;verb) as one sees fit, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8</p>
<p>as one deems reasonable</p>
<p>kSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to take/give an exam, test， or quiz &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.8</p>
<p>kao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to depend on, to rely on; to lean &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</p>
<p>against; to be next to/against/ty</p>
<p>Module &amp;&nbsp;Unit</p>
<p>k&amp;olu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to consider, to think about; con- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了'l</p>
<p>sideration</p>
<p>kSoshang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be admitted (to a school or organi- 8.6*</p>
<p>zatlon by passing an entrance exam)</p>
<p>k&amp;oshi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to take/give an exam,&quot;test, or quiz; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8</p>
<p>exam, test</p>
<p>-kě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for trees) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U*</p>
<p>kS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Indeed, certainly, really &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,U</p>
<p>k?āi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be loveable/adorable/cute &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8*</p>
<p>keji &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;science and technology &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,2*</p>
<p>k?kSyīn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cocaine &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7</p>
<p>K5k5uk?lě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Coca Cola &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1*, T.3<sup>#</sup></p>
<p>kSllan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be pitiful &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7-3*</p>
<p>k?n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be willing to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.7], 8.8*</p>
<p>k^něng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be possible &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1*</p>
<p>kēxuě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;science; to be scientific &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>k5ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;empty &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>kongchxilai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to become vacant &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1*</p>
<p>kongshSu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;empty-handed &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>-k5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for people considered as &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>making up a family)</p>
<p>kSuyln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;accent &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1*</p>
<p>kū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to cry &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7•3</p>
<p>kual yao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;will soon &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.7</p>
<p>kuangqǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mining region &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8•5</p>
<p>kikman &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;difficulty &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2*</p>
<p>Lading zimu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Latin (Roman) alphabet &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6*</p>
<p>...l£i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for the past•••(amount of time) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6</p>
<p>lai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(used before a verb to express that &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.T</p>
<p>something will be done)</p>
<p>lai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to do (something)<sub>9</sub> to perform &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8</p>
<p>(something), to have (an event), to help oneself (to food, etc.), to Join in (a game, etc.)</p>
<p>...lai shuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•••spe&amp;king &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>laJI &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;garbage &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3*</p>
<p>langf^i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to waste &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2*</p>
<p>lanv?iy£n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;appendicitis &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5*</p>
<p>l&amp;o &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all the time, alvays &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8*</p>
<p>laodong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to labor &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5</p>
<p>laoddngli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;labor force, labor; able-bodied &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5</p>
<p>person</p>
<p>lSoleto &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;grandmother, grandma (maternal)</p>
<p>laoli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;labor force; labor &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5</p>
<p>lSo shlfu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;old master &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5*</p>
<p>l&amp;oshtt (laoshu) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mouse or rat &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2*</p>
<p>l&amp;oxiansheng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;old gentlemen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5*</p>
<p>l&amp;oye &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;grandfather, grandpa (maternal)</p>
<p>Module &amp;&nbsp;Unit</p>
<p>lSozSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(used vith surname as an affectionate &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.8<sup>#</sup></p>
<p>term for a high-ranking PLA commander)</p>
<p>-lei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;category &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>-ll &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;li, a unit of length (1/2 km.) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1+</p>
<p>li5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;TB*eiJIng colloquial vord meaning &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8*</p>
<p>li&amp;ngge, &quot;tvo”）</p>
<p>lian.•.dou/y?.•• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;even.•• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•了</p>
<p>liang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be bright, to be light; to be shiny &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>liingshi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;grain, cereals &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>liānxi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to contact, to get in touch vith; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>connection, ties Liaodai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Liao Period</p>
<p>liaoji? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to understand/grasp/comprehend; to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>find out/acquaint oneself vith</p>
<p>liao tian(r) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to chat &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7-3</p>
<p>If jing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to leave a country or place &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>liliang (liliang) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pover; force; strength &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>llmao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;manners， politeness &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.L</p>
<p>līngd&amp;o &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to lead, to direct, to exercise lead- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6</p>
<p>ershlp (over); leadership; leader, leading cadre</p>
<p>ltngwai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;other &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.7*</p>
<p>liushi niindai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the decade of the sixties &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1*</p>
<p>liuxia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to leave &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.l*</p>
<p>mixing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be common, to be popular, to be &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</p>
<p>prevalent</p>
<p>litixuěsheng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;study-abroad students &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>llvu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gift &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U*</p>
<p>luan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be in disorder, to be in a mess<sub>9</sub> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.7</p>
<p>to be chaotic; arMtrarily, recklessly, any old way</p>
<p>luanqrbaxao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in a mess, in confusion, in dis- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.7</p>
<p>order; miscellaneous, motley, all thrown in together</p>
<p>Lu Xun &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a famous Chinese author of the 1920s &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,2*</p>
<p>and 1930s)</p>
<p>l^shī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lavyer, attorney &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8 • 8</p>
<p>luxfngtuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tour group &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>ma &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(marker for obviousness of &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3</p>
<p>reasoning)</p>
<p>ma &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(marker for insistent sentences) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.T</p>
<p>manman (manmanr) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;slowly； gradually, by and by; taking &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1</p>
<p>one's time (doing something); (tell) all a'bout, in &amp;11 details</p>
<p>m&amp;nyl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be pleased, to be satisfied &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>maoyi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;trade &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>me (ma) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(pause marker) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>mSi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be beautiful &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>Module &amp;&nbsp;Unit</p>
<p>měitan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;coal &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>mei yisi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be uninteresting/boring; to be &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</p>
<p>pointless/meaningless; to be a drag; to be vithout value, not worthy of respect, cheap</p>
<p>-měn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for courses) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.7*</p>
<p>mlanji &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(surface) area &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>Ming &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(name of a dynasty, 1368-16UU) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1a</p>
<p>mlngbai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to understand, to be clear on, to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5</p>
<p>comprehend; to be clear, to be intelligible</p>
<p>Mfng Bao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ming Pao (a Hong Kong nevspaper) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.了</p>
<p>mlngcl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vord, term, expression &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3*</p>
<p>mfnzu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nationality, a people, nation (ethnic &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>group) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;.</p>
<p>mlnzū 2hiJian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;between nationalities &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6*</p>
<p>mu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;female (for animals) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2*</p>
<p>-mS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mu (a unit of area) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>m3chSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;per-mu yield &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>Milnfhei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Munich &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U*</p>
<p>mūqian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the present; at present &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>mūtou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wood &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U*</p>
<p>na bai yěng shuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that goes vithout saying &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2*</p>
<p>n&amp;lnai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;grandmother (paternal)</p>
<p>nakai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to take avay, to move (something) out &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6*</p>
<p>of the vay</p>
<p>nanfāng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the bridegroom<sup>1</sup>s side &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5<sup>#</sup></p>
<p>nanfang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the south &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>Nan Mil &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;South America &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.7*</p>
<p>nannu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;men and women, male^female &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</p>
<p>nanshou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be uncomfortable; to feel bad, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3</p>
<p>to feel unhappy</p>
<p>nantīng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be unpleasant to hear; to sound &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8</p>
<p>bad, to offend the ears; to be scandalOU8</p>
<p>ne &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(used in questions asking the where- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•“參</p>
<p>about8 of someone/something)</p>
<p>ne &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(indicating lack of completion/absence &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了</p>
<p>of change)</p>
<p>...ne &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as for.•• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>něidi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;interior region (of a country) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5<sup>#</sup>, 8,6</p>
<p>NelmSng(gu) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inner Mongolia， Nei Mongol (an auto- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>nomous region of China)</p>
<p>něngll &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ability &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6*</p>
<p>niandai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;decade of a century; period, era &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>nianjl (-Ji) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;age &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.ǔ.</p>
<p>nianllng (-ling) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;age &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,2*</p>
<p>nianqīng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be young &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1</p>
<p>Module &amp;&nbsp;Unit</p>
<p>nl hii shi iSoy&amp;ngzi you look as if you haven、changed a &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U*</p>
<p>bit</p>
<p>nllong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nylon &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5*</p>
<p>nong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to do; to fool vith; to get &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7,3</p>
<p>nongchang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;farm &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3*, 8.7*</p>
<p>nongcǔn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;country, rural area; rural &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5*, 7.6</p>
<p>nonglai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to get and bring &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3</p>
<p>nongmfn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;peasant &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5*, 8.3*, 8.6</p>
<p>nongyě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;agriculture &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7,5</p>
<p>nongyěqū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;farming region &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3*</p>
<p>nSli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to make great efforts, to try &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.7*, 8.2</p>
<p><sub>w</sub> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hard, to exert oneself</p>
<p>nūshēng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;coed, voman student &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3*</p>
<p>Suzhou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Europe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U</p>
<p>pa &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be afraid &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.U*</p>
<p>pSolai pSoqū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to run back and forth &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6*, 8.U*</p>
<p>pěngdao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to hit; to run into, to come across &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7,8*</p>
<p>-plan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for sheets, articles or &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</p>
<p>pieces of writing)</p>
<p>plan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to fool, to deceive &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2*</p>
<p>piǎnzl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;film, movie &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1*</p>
<p>pichā blng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pizza &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.l*</p>
<p>ping &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be flat, to be level &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,3*</p>
<p>plngd?ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;equality; to be equal (of people) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</p>
<p>pingfang gSngli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;square kilometer &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3*</p>
<p>plngjun &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(on the) average &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,3</p>
<p>plngjūnshū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;an average number, a mean &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3*</p>
<p>plngyuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;plain， flatlands &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>plngzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bottle &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8*</p>
<p>plnming &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vith all one<sup>1</sup>s might, for all one &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</p>
<p>is vorth, desperately, like mad; to risk one<sup>f</sup>s life, to defy death</p>
<p>plnzhSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;variety &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3*</p>
<p>pīzhun &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to give permission, to approve; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5*</p>
<p>approval<sub>f</sub> permission, sanction</p>
<p>popo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gra dmother<sub>f</sub> grandma &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.</p>
<p>pubian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to &quot;be universal, to be general, to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>be widespread, to be common</p>
<p>putSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be coxnmon/regular/ordinary &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>putonghufi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the cosszion (standard) speech, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>Standard Chinese</p>
<p>Module &amp;&nbsp;Unit</p>
<p>qiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gun &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•了•</p>
<p>qiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be strong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.-6*</p>
<p>qiangguǒ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;powerful nation, a (world) power &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>Qlanjīndao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thousand-Catty Rice &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3*</p>
<p>Qianměn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a gate in B?ijīng) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U</p>
<p>qiānvaln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;under any circumstances; by no means; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>without fail, be sure to</p>
<p>qiěnxiē nian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a fev years back, in recent years &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8*</p>
<p>qiao men &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to knock at the door &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.U*</p>
<p>qfguai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be strange, to be odd, to be &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3</p>
<p>surprising</p>
<p>qīlai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to get up (in several senses) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.^</p>
<p>-qilai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(resultative ending vhich indicates &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3</p>
<p>starting)</p>
<p>qlmS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;at least; minimum， lowest, rudimentary， 8.5</p>
<p>elementary</p>
<p>Qln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(name of a dynasty, 221-207 B.C.) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U</p>
<p>qīng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be light &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>qlngchS (-chu) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be clear, to be distinct &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.7</p>
<p>qlng gongyě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;light industry &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>QīnghSi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a province in western China) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3*, 8,6*</p>
<p>qīngjiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;green pepper &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3*</p>
<p>qfngkuang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;situation, circumstances, condition, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.1</p>
<p>state of affairs</p>
<p>qfngxing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;situation, circumstances, condition, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.1</p>
<p>state of affairs</p>
<p>qīngzhensi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mosque &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6*</p>
<p>qlnluě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to invade; invasion, aggression &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U</p>
<p>qiong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be poor &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>qita &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;other, else; the rest &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>qiuji &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the fall season &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3*</p>
<p>(-)qu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;area<sub>f</sub> region, district &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>qu£n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;entirely, completely; vhole, entire; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>to be complete</p>
<p>quān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to advise, to urge, to try to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8</p>
<p>persuade</p>
<p>quanbil &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;entire, vhole, all &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>quanguo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the vhole country &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>quanj ia rěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the vhole family &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•厶•</p>
<p>qūbiě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;difference, distinction &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>rang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to make (someone a certain vay) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.l</p>
<p>ring nl Jiu d?ng le I*ve kept you vaiting &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8*5*</p>
<p>rěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;person; self; body &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.U</p>
<p>reng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to throw, to throw avay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8*</p>
<p>rěnjia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;people; other people; someone else; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了</p>
<p>they; he, she; I</p>
<p>rěnmln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the people &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>rěnmln gongshě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;people<sup>1</sup>s comaune &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>Module &amp;&nbsp;Unit</p>
<p>rěn věi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to think/&quot;believe/consider (that) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>rěnyuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;personnel, staff &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.7</p>
<p>rexIn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be enthusiastic and interested; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3</p>
<p>to be warmhearted</p>
<p>rěxlnqilai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to become enthusiastic and interested &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.3</p>
<p>rizi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;day; date; time &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.3*</p>
<p>ru &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to enter; to Join (an organization) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了，6</p>
<p>ruo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-to be weak &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>ru Tuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to Join the Communist Youth League &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6</p>
<p>(Gongqīngtuan or Gongchanzhǔyi Qlngniantoian)</p>
<p>san bū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to go for a stroll &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6*</p>
<p>sha &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to kill (means unspecified); to kill &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•了</p>
<p>(specifically, vith a knife or knifelike instrument); to try to kill</p>
<p>shS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be stupid, to be dumb, to be &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8</p>
<p>silly, to be naive</p>
<p>shafa &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sofa &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8*</p>
<p>shaad &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;desert &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>shandi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mountainous region, hilly area (geo- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>graphical term)</p>
<p>-shang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a verb ending indicating starting &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.6</p>
<p>and continuing )-</p>
<p>shangren &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;businessman, businessvoman &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>shang xue &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to go to school; to attend school &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6</p>
<p>shangyě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;commerce, business &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5</p>
<p>shanqū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hilly country, mountainous region &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>Shanxi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(province in north central CMna) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>shSoshu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;minority; a minority of, a small &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>number of, few</p>
<p>shaoshu minzu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;minority nationality, national &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8-1</p>
<p>minority</p>
<p>Shaoxiǎndui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Young Pioneers &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6*</p>
<p>shětěi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;equipment; facilities; installation &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>shehui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;society; social &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1</p>
<p>shehui kēxuě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;social sciences &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>-sh?ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;province &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U</p>
<p>shengchSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to produce; production &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.5</p>
<p>shengchSn dadui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;production brigade &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>shengch&amp;ndui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;production team &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>shenghuS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to live; life; daily life; livelihood &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</p>
<p>shēngyl (shengyi) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;business, trade &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.8</p>
<p>shēnqlng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to apply (for) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.2*</p>
<p>shentl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;body; health &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.U</p>
<p>Shenzhen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a border stop in Guangd5ng, formerly &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>spelled Shumchun)</p>
<p>shějruan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;commune member &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8•了</p>
<p>Module &amp;&nbsp;Unit</p>
<p>shX &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to cause (folloved by a verb), to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.7</p>
<p>make, to enable</p>
<p>shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;city, municipality &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>shich&amp;ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jnarket &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7. 5<sup>#</sup></p>
<p>Shi Da Jianzhu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Ten Great Structures (in B?ijīng) 8^</p>
<p>shijiě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;world &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6</p>
<p>shljieshang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in the world, in the vhole world &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.6</p>
<p>shijiěxing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;worldwide &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7 • 7</p>
<p>Shlsanllng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Ming Tomts &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U</p>
<p>shltang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mess hall, dining room &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8•了</p>
<p>shfxian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to realize/achieve/bring about/ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>accomplish/come true</p>
<p>shlxlng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to practice, to carry out, to put &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6</p>
<p>into effect, to implement (a method, policy, plan, reform, etc.)</p>
<p>shfyou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;petroleum, oil &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>shizii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;really; to be real &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</p>
<p>shizhěngfu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;city hall</p>
<p>shou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to harvest &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>shou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to receive &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•了</p>
<p>shSu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be thin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.T*</p>
<p>sh5uchaode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;handvritten &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了 • 1* •</p>
<p>shSudū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;capital &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.h</p>
<p>shou Jiaoyu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to receive an education &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•了</p>
<p>shSurū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;income, earnings &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.5</p>
<p>shoushi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to straighten -bip; to get one<sup>f</sup>s &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.^</p>
<p>things ready</p>
<p>shSuxian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;first; first of all, in the first place 8.2</p>
<p>shěu xianzhi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be restricted &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8*</p>
<p>shū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tree &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U*</p>
<p>shǔciLi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vegetable &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>shuXp£ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;level, standard &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>shujia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;summer vacation &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.1</p>
<p>shuliang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;quantity, amount, number &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>...(lfii) shuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;.•.speaking &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>shuob-uqlngchu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;can't explain clearly &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1</p>
<p>shuSdao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to speak of; as for &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3</p>
<p>shuof5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vay of saying a thing; statement, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了，5</p>
<p>version, argument</p>
<p>shudshi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Master<sup>f</sup> s degree &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2*, 7.5*</p>
<p>si &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to die &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.3' 了.5</p>
<p>Sichuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(province in central China) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>Sige Xifindaihna &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Four Modernizations (of agricul- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;.8.2</p>
<p>ture, industry, national defense, and science and technology)</p>
<p>siji &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;four seasons &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,3*</p>
<p>siji chang lu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;green all year round &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3*</p>
<p>Si Ji Qlng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a commune in B?ijīng suburlDs) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>Si Shu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Four Books (Daxuě, Zhongyong, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了</p>
<p>Lunyg, Mengz?)</p>
<p>sīxlSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;thought, vay of thinking, ideas &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.5*， 8.6*</p>
<p>Module &amp;&nbsp;Unit</p>
<p>songhuiqu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to take/escort back &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了，5*</p>
<p>songxlng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to see (someone off)， to vish &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8</p>
<p>(someone) a good trip; to give a going-avay party</p>
<p>suan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be considered, to count as， can be &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2*, 8.5</p>
<p>regarded as</p>
<p>suan le &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;forget it, let<sup>f</sup>s drop the matter, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</p>
<p>let it go at that； come off it, come on</p>
<p>sudu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;speed， pace &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>Sū-Hang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Suzhou and Hangzhou (abbreviation) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,6*</p>
<p>Sulian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Soviet Union &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5*</p>
<p>sunnu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;granddaughter (through one<sup>f</sup>s son) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.^</p>
<p>sūn2i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;grandson (through one’s son) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•蚁</p>
<p>su8y8ude...dou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3</p>
<p>sushě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;living quarters; dormitory &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.了</p>
<p>-tai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for machines ) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>taiyang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sun &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8*</p>
<p>tan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to talk about (used vith the object &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>shēngyt, maoyi，etc., in the sense of &quot;to negotiate^)</p>
<p>tan lian<sup>f</sup>ai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be in love, to be going together &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8*</p>
<p>(courtship)</p>
<p>tSolun &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to discuss; discussion &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,6</p>
<p>tSoyan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to dislike, to be disgusted vith &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6*</p>
<p>tědi&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;distinctive trait, characteristic &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>těng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be very fond of, to be attached to, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.8</p>
<p>to dote on</p>
<p>tf &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to carry (from the hand at the side &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8*, 8.2</p>
<p>of the body); to lift/raise; to mention/bring up; to put forward/ propose; to ask (questions)</p>
<p>Tian<sup>f</sup>ǎnměn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Gate of Heavenly Peace &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U</p>
<p>Tianjin (Tianjlng) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a municipality and port in northeast &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>China)</p>
<p>tian liang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;daybreak, davn; to become light out &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>Tian Tan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Temple of Heaven &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Q.b</p>
<p>tiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to Jump, to leap &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3*</p>
<p>tiaojian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;condition(s)， circumstances &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>tiaoyue &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;treaty &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>tiaozi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a brief, informal note &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1*</p>
<p>tlchū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to raise/put forvard/propose &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>tichulai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to tring up &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>tiSlii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;railroad &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.7</p>
<p>tfgao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to raise, to improve &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>tlmu (-nni) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;topic, subject; title; exam question, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5</p>
<p>test problem</p>
<p>ting &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to heed (advice), to obey (orders) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5</p>
<p>Module &amp;&nbsp;Unit</p>
<p>tīngdechū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be able to distinguish by listening &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,1*</p>
<p>tongjfl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to cohabit; cohabitation &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</p>
<p>tSngyl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to consent, to agree &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5</p>
<p>tSngyī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to become united; to unite, to unify； &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,6</p>
<p>unification</p>
<p>tour &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;head, chief, boss &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.7*</p>
<p>-tuin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;group of people, society (bound form) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了,6， 8.1</p>
<p>Tuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the (Communist Youth) League &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6</p>
<p>tSdi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;land &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7. ^</p>
<p>Tuerql &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Turkey &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6*</p>
<p>tuī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to push &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.7*</p>
<p>tuSlaJĪ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tractor &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>tūpiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;picture, photograph &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>Tz! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tsk (clicking sound vith several &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>different uses: disappointment, admiration, hesitation, etc.)</p>
<p>vaigong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;grandfather, grandpa (maternal) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了</p>
<p>valhui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;foreign exchange &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.7*</p>
<p>vaipo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;grandmother, grandma (maternal) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了</p>
<p>vaishang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;foreign businessman &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8*</p>
<p>vaivěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;foreign language &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5*</p>
<p>vfinhui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;evening party; evening of entertainment 7.6*, 8.8</p>
<p>vSnlian vSnhūn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;late involvement and late marriage &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.2*</p>
<p>WanlI Changchěng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Great Wail of Ten Thousand Ll &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U</p>
<p>-věi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;place, position &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>v?ida &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be great (e.g., a leader) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U*</p>
<p>věile &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in order to; for the purpose of; for &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5</p>
<p>the sake of</p>
<p>Wěivu?r &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Uygur (Uighur) nationality &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>WěnGě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Cultural Revolution &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2*</p>
<p>věnhua &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;culture; schooling, education, literacy 了.1</p>
<p>Wěnhua (Da) Geming &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the CXiltural Revolution &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2*</p>
<p>věnxuějia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vriter, literary man &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6*</p>
<p>věnzh&amp;ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;article, essay； prose style &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</p>
<p>venzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vriting<sub>f</sub> script, vritten language &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>vSde tian na! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;my God! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1*</p>
<p>WucLuS JInhuS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Five Golden Flowers (a film) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1*</p>
<p>vǔjiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;noontime nap &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8</p>
<p>Wuxi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a city in Jiangsu province) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8•了•</p>
<p>xi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;department (of a school) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2*</p>
<p>-xia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;under &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.6</p>
<p>xlandal &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;modern<sub>t</sub> contemporary; modern times &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.l*, 8.2</p>
<p>xiāndaihua &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to become modernized; modernization; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>modern(i2ed), sophisticated</p>
<p>xi&amp;ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to sound, to make a sound &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1**</p>
<p>Module &amp;&nbsp;Unit</p>
<p>xiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be like, to resemble; like; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</p>
<p>such as</p>
<p>xi&amp;ngbuchū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;can't think up, can't come up vith &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.2*</p>
<p>xiangdang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;quite, pretty, considerably &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.2</p>
<p>xiSngdao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to think of &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了，3</p>
<p>xiangxin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to believe (in); to trust, to be &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•了•，8.6</p>
<p>certain, to be convinced (that)</p>
<p>xiSngzhe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be thinking of, to have on one's &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Q.k</p>
<p>mind</p>
<p>xianjin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be advanced &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>xianjIn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cash &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3*</p>
<p>xianzhi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to restrict, to limit; restriction, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>limitation</p>
<p>xiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;young &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1*</p>
<p>xi&amp;o di&amp;n(r) sheng(r) a little more quietly &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8*</p>
<p>xiaofěi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to consume &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>xiāofěipln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;consumer goods &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>xiaofeizh! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;consumer &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>xiaolu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;efficiency &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>xiaomiě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to exterminate/ellminate/wlpe out/ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8•了</p>
<p>stamp out</p>
<p>xiSo pěngyou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;little friend; kids &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1;</p>
<p>xlaoshun &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be filial; filial obedience &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3</p>
<p>xiSoshuo(r) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fiction, novel &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7•1</p>
<p>xiaoxi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nevs &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>xia ql &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to play chess &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6</p>
<p>-xiaqu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(resultative ending vhich indicates &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.2</p>
<p>continuing an action)</p>
<p>-xiaqu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dovn (directional ending used for &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.3</p>
<p>eating or drinking dovn)</p>
<p>XTb?i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Northwest &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>xī du &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to take drugs； drug taking &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.了</p>
<p>Xlfang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the West &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,6*</p>
<p>xiguan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;habit, custom, usual practice; to be &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5</p>
<p>accustomed to, to be used to</p>
<p>xīn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;heart; mind &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3</p>
<p>-xing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nature, -ness, -ity &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.7</p>
<p>xlngkiil &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fortunately, luckily &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了 • 1+ •</p>
<p>xingqu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;interest &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</p>
<p>Xinjiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(an autonomous region of China) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>xin Jiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to believe in a religion &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6*</p>
<p>xlrilcS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be arduous /tiring/hard vork; to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>work hard/go through hardships</p>
<p>xīnli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in one*a heart» in one<sup>f</sup>s mind &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.l*</p>
<p>xīnshSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to appreciate/enjoy/admire &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8•U</p>
<p>xīnshi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;something weighing on one<sup>f</sup>s mind, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.1*</p>
<p>vorry</p>
<p>xlnven &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nevs &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</p>
<p>”XInvěn JiSnbao<sup>w</sup> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;Nevs Summary<sup>11</sup> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1:</p>
<p>xlnvěnpian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;newsreel &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1*</p>
<p>Xlnven Zhoukan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nevaveek &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</p>
<p>Module Unit</p>
<p>xiū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to repair; to build (roads, reser- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U</p>
<p>voirs); to trim, to prune</p>
<p>xuin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to choose, to select; to elect &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,7</p>
<p>xSduS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;many, much &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>xue hSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to learn from good examples, to learn 了•了•</p>
<p>to be a good person</p>
<p>xuěhui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to learn, to master &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6*</p>
<p>xueqī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;semester, term (of school) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1</p>
<p>xuěshenghui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;student association &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1*</p>
<p>xue yī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to study medicine &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.2</p>
<p>xueyuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(academic) institute &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2*, 8.6*</p>
<p>xuězh? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;scholar &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,1</p>
<p>xumuyě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;livestock farming, animal husbandry &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>x^inlianban &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;training class &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6*</p>
<p>xūyioliing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;level of need/demand (for an item) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U*</p>
<p>ySn dianylng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to shov a movie &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1*</p>
<p>-ying &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kind, sort (bound form) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.了</p>
<p>y£n<sup>f</sup>gě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be strict, to be rigorous &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2*</p>
<p>yfinhSi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;along the coast, coastal &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>ySnJIng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;eye &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>yanjiū (-Jiu, -Jiū) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to study (in detail), to do &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1</p>
<p>research on; research</p>
<p>yanjiūsheng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;graduate student &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>yanzhe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;along(side) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.7</p>
<p>y&amp;nzhěng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be serious, to be grave &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>yaotmrin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;otherwise &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2*, 8.7*</p>
<p>yao kan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to depend on &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.8</p>
<p>ySoqiū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to require/request/demand &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6* , 8.8*</p>
<p>Yazhou (YS-) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Asia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1.</p>
<p>yěda &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;evening university &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6*</p>
<p>yedaxuě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;evening xmiversity &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.7*</p>
<p>y? gai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;really should &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了</p>
<p>•••y8 h&amp;o, ...y? hSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;whether...or...; both.•.and.*• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5</p>
<p>y? Jiū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;accordingly, correspondingly, so &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5</p>
<p>yěye &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;grandfather (paternal) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.l*, T.U</p>
<p>yeyii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;spare-time, after-hours, amateur &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8•了</p>
<p>yl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;medical science, medicine (used in &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</p>
<p>phrases like xue yl)</p>
<p>yl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as soon as &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.1*, 了, 8.8</p>
<p>yl- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(used before direction vords to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8•了</p>
<p>mark direction vith reference a point)</p>
<p>-yt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hundred million &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T.3</p>
<p>yiban lai shuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;generally speaking, ordinarily &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8^5*</p>
<p>ytbian(r)... &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;doing.•.while doing.•• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1 yibian(r)•.•</p>
<p>Module &amp;&nbsp;Unit</p>
<p>yifangmian..., &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;on the one hand&quot;.，on the other &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</p>
<p>y^fSngmi^n. • • &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hand.&quot;; for one thing.&quot;，for</p>
<p>another thing..•</p>
<p>Yfheyuan (Yi-) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Summer Palace (in B?ijTng) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U</p>
<p>yijiazi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;one family; the whole family; the &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8*</p>
<p>same family</p>
<p>yī_..Jiū… &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as soon as &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>ylmiSn(r)... &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;doing...while doing... &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1</p>
<p>yfmian(r)...</p>
<p>yinian bī yiniin du5 more and more every year &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3*</p>
<p>yinian siji &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in all four seasons of the year, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3*</p>
<p>all year round</p>
<p>yishang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;above, over (an amount) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.7</p>
<p>yishf &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for the moment &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.^*</p>
<p>yishu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;art &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U</p>
<p>YIsīlan Jiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Islam &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>yitiSn dao w&amp;n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all day long &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3</p>
<p>ylvěi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to think (mistakenly), to assume &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>ylxia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;under (an amount) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.7</p>
<p>yīxuě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;medical science, medicine &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.2</p>
<p>ylyuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hospital &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3*</p>
<p>yizhl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all along, continuously, all the &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.2</p>
<p>time (up \mtil a certain point)</p>
<p>yonggong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be hardworking (in one’s studies) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3</p>
<p>you &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;excellent &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5*</p>
<p>y5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to come up to (a certain level) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2*</p>
<p>y$u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;also &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了</p>
<p>ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;anyvay; after all &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.8</p>
<p>ySu banfS, (āul...) to be able to deal vith (something) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•了</p>
<p>y5u bangzhu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be helpful &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.2</p>
<p>ySu āaoll &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to make sense &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.2</p>
<p>youěryuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kindergarten &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5<sup>#</sup>, 8.7</p>
<p>ySu gulju &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to have manners , to be proper &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•蚁</p>
<p>ySuhXo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be friendly, to be amicable &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Q.k*</p>
<p>youlSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to sightsee, to tour &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Q.k</p>
<p>y5u līmao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be veil mannered, to be polite &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.^</p>
<p>ySu mlng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be famous &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1*</p>
<p>ySu qian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be rich &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.h</p>
<p>ySu xiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be effective; to be valid &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•了</p>
<p>ySu xingqu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be interested &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</p>
<p>ySu yanjiu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to have done research on; to knov &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</p>
<p>a lot about</p>
<p>ySu ydng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be useful &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3</p>
<p>yu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and (written style) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,6*</p>
<p>yuanlSi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;original, former; originally, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.8</p>
<p>formerly; it turns out that …， so…！ (expresses finding out the true situation</p>
<p>yuanyi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to wish, vould like, to vant to; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8</p>
<p>to be villing to</p>
<p>ynanyīn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;reason, cause &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.6</p>
<p>Module &amp;&nbsp;Unit</p>
<p>ytiching &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fishery &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.7*</p>
<p>yue lai yue... &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;more and more..., increasingly &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7:2</p>
<p>yuě.. .joiě... &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the more.. .the more,.. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</p>
<p>yūfS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;grammar &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2*</p>
<p>yun &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to transport, to ship, to carry &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8</p>
<p>Yunnan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a province of China) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>yunqi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;luck &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8</p>
<p>ySyan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;language &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>yuyanxuě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;linguistics &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>yuyanxuějia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;linguist &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1*</p>
<p>zai shuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;furthermore, besides, moreover &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5*, 7-8*</p>
<p>…zai shu5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•••and then ve<sup>f</sup>ll see about it &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>z&amp;o &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a long time ago &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3*</p>
<p>zSohǔn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;early marriage; child marriage; to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5</p>
<p>marry as a child, to marry early</p>
<p>zinme gSode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vhat <sup>f</sup>s vrong; ^rtiat <sup>f</sup>s the matter; hov &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,l&quot;</p>
<p>come</p>
<p>z?njne (yi)hul shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vhat’s it all about &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8</p>
<p>zenme (yi)hul shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;like this &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8</p>
<p>zěren (-rěn) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;responsibility &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•了</p>
<p>zhai hua(r) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to pick flowers &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8•了•</p>
<p>zhan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to occupy (space), to take up (time); &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>to make up, to constitute (an amount)</p>
<p>zh&amp;ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to grow &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T•3</p>
<p>zhSngda &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to grow up &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3</p>
<p>zhangfu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;husband &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5</p>
<p>zhinzheng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;var &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.^*, 8.2<sup>#</sup>, 8.6</p>
<p>zhSobudao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;can<sup>f</sup>t.find, to be unable to find &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7-2*, 9.2</p>
<p>zhaogu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to take care of; care &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5</p>
<p>zhaopiin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;photograph &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U*</p>
<p>zhěi ylxlazi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;after this, as a result of this &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.8</p>
<p>Zhejiang (Zhejiang) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a province in eastern China) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>zhěme (yt)bul shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;like this &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8</p>
<p>zh^ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Just, precisely, right &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5</p>
<p>zhěngcě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;policy &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6, 7.5*</p>
<p>zhěngfQ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;government &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•6，了•U•</p>
<p>zhSngg^(r) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vhole, entire; completely, in entirety 8.2</p>
<p>zhěngbSo(r) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it Just so happens that, to happen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.8</p>
<p>to, as it happens; Just in time,</p>
<p>Just right, Just enough</p>
<p>zh?ngql &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be neat, to be tidy &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U*</p>
<p>zhengzhi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;politics; political &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.1</p>
<p>zhlgong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;staff and workers; vorker or staff &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8•了</p>
<p>member</p>
<p>zhl hSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;can only, to have to, to 'be forced to 了.U</p>
<p>•••zhljiSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;betveen••• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8*</p>
<p>zhillang (zhl-,zhl-) quality &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8•2</p>
<p>zhlshi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;knovledge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</p>
<p>Module &amp;&nbsp;Unit</p>
<p>zhī yao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;provided that, as long as &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•了了 £•</p>
<p>zhizao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to manufacture &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.了<sup>，</sup> •</p>
<p>zhlzaochScg &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;manufacturing plant, factory &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.7</p>
<p>-zhong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了•了</p>
<p>zhong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to plant; to grow &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>zhong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be heavy &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>zhongdiSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;focal point，emphasis; key &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>ZhongdSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Middle East &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>Zhonggu6 GuojI &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;China International Travel Service &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1* LǑxingshg (CITS)</p>
<p>ZhongguS Lūxingshě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;China Travel Service (CTS) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</p>
<p>Zh5nggu6 Qlngnian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;China Youth (a periodical) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7-2*</p>
<p>ZhonghuS Rěnmfn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;People<sup>f</sup>s Republic of China &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5* Gongheguo</p>
<p>zhong nSn qlng nu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to regard males as superior &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3</p>
<p>to females</p>
<p>ZhongshSn Gongyuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sun Yatsen Park &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,U*</p>
<p>zhongxīn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;center, heart, core, hub; central &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>Zhongxu^sheng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;High School Student (a periodical) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2*</p>
<p>zhSngzu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;race; racial &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>zhoukan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;weekly publication, weekly magazine &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</p>
<p>zhuanJia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;specialist, expert &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>zhuan qiin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to earn money, to make money &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3</p>
<p>zhuanyě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;special line/field/discipline &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>zhuanyěhua &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to specialize; specialization &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
<p>zhurěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;host; master &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3*</p>
<p>zhūxialai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to move and stay (in a place), to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.U</p>
<p>settle down</p>
<p>zhSyao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;major, main, essential; mainly, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5*, 8.1</p>
<p>essentially</p>
<p>-zhiSyi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-ism, doctrine (bound form) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>zfbSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;capital &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.8*</p>
<p>2icong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ever since &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,8*</p>
<p>ziran &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nature; to be natural; natxirally; in &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>the normal course of events</p>
<p>ziran kexue &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;natural sciences &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</p>
<p>zixuě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to study by oneself &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6*</p>
<p>ziyou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;freedom; to be free &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.2</p>
<p>ziyou shichSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;free market &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.5*</p>
<p>zīyuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(natural) resources &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>xlzhtqū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;autonomous region &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>zSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;alvays; inevitably, vithout &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了.1</p>
<p>exception; after all, in any case</p>
<p>zSngde lai shuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;generally speaking, on the vhole &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5</p>
<p>zSnggSngchěngshl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chief engineer &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.5*</p>
<p>zongjiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(organized) religion &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了,了■</p>
<p>zSng mlanji &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;total area &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3*</p>
<p>zSng shouri &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;total income &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8 •了*</p>
<p>zSngtSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;president &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.6*</p>
<p>-zū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nationality &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6</p>
<p>Module &amp;&nbsp;Unit</p>
<p>zui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mouth &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.7*</p>
<p>zui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;crime; guilt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.7</p>
<p>zuijin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lately, recently; the near future, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3</p>
<p>soon</p>
<p>zuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be, to act as &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.3</p>
<p>-zuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for massive objects) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.U*</p>
<p>zuobuli&amp;o &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be unable to do &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.</p>
<p>zuo llbai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to worship, to attend a religious &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7-T*, 8.6*</p>
<p>service</p>
<p>zuoxia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to sit dovn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1</p>
<p>zuoyě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;homework &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.6*</p>
<p>zǔzhi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to organize; organization &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</p>
</body>
</html>