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<head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/><meta name="generator" content="ABBYY FineReader 11"/><meta name="author" content="Foreign Service Institute"/><meta name="description" content="Standard Chinese"/><title>FSI - Standard Chinese - Optional Module WLF - Student Text</title>
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<body><h1>STANDARD CHINESE A Modular Approach</h1><h2>OPTIONAL MODULE: Personal Welfare</h2>
<p>SPONSORED BY</p>
<p>AGENCIES OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN GOVERNMENTS</p>
<p>This publication is to be used primarily in support of training military personnel as part of the Defense Language Program (resident and nonresident). Inquiries concerning the use of materials, including requests for copies, should be addressed to:</p>
<p>Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center Nonresident Training Division Presidio of Monterey, CA 93944-5006</p>
<p>Topics in the areas of politics, international relations, mores, etc., which may be considered as controversial from some points of view are sometimes included in language training for DLIFLC students, since military personnel may find themselves in positions where clear understanding of conversations or written material of this nature will be essential to their mission. The presence of controversial statements—whether real or apparent—in DLIFLC materials should not be construed as representing the opinions of the writers, the Defense Language Institute, or the Department of Defense.</p>
<p>Actual brand names and businesses are sometimes cited in DLIFLC instructional materials to provide instruction in their pronunciation and meanings. The selection of such proprietary terms and names is based solely on their value for instruction in the language and does not constitute endorsement of any product or commercial enterprise nor is it intended to invite a comparison with other brand names and businesses not mentioned.</p>
<p>In DLIFLC publications, the words &quot;he,&quot; &quot;him&quot; and “his” denote both masculine and feminine genders. This statement does not apply to translations of foreign language texts.</p>
<p>PREFACE</p>
<p>Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach originated in an interagency conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1^73 to address the need generally felt in the U.S. Government language training community for improving and updating Chinese materials to reflect current usage in Taipei and in Peking.</p>
<p>The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible enough in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide range of government agencies and academic institutions.</p>
<p>A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense Language Institute, the State Department<sup>1</sup>s Foreign Service Institute, the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency, and the U.S. Office of Education, later joined by the Canadian Forces Foreign Language School. The representatives have included Arthur T. McNeill, John Hopkins, and John Boag (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder,工工工，Joseph C. Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major Bernard Muller-Thym (DLI); James R. Frith and John B. Ratliff, III (FSI);</p>
<p>Kazuo Shitama (NSA); Richard T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant Colonel George Kozoriz (CFFLS).</p>
<p>The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 197^ in space provided at the Foreign Service Institute• Each of the six’ U.S. and Canadian government agencies provided funds and other assistance.</p>
<p>Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning council was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense Language Institute, Patricia 0<sup>f</sup>Connor of the University of Texas, Earl M. Rickerson of the Language Learning Center, and James Wrenn of Brown University. In the Fall of 19了了， Lucille A. Barale was appointed deputy project coordinator. David W. Dellinger of the Language Learning Center and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign Service Institute also served on the planning council and contributed material to the project. The planning council drew up the original overall design for the materials and met regularly to review their development.</p>
<p>Writers for the first half of the materials were John H. T. Harvey,</p>
<p>Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry, who worked in close cooperation with the planning council and with the Chinese staff of the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the instructional formats of the comprehension and production self-study materials, and also designed the communication-&quot;based classroom activities and wrote the teacher*s guides. Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry wrote the tape scripts and the student text. By 19了8 Thomas E. Madden and Susan C. Pola had joined the staff. Led by Ms. Barale they have worked as a team to produce the materials subsequent to Module 6.</p>
<p>All Chinese language material was prepared or selected by Chuan 0. Chao, Ying-chi Chen, Hsiao-jung Chi, Eva Diao, Jan Hu, Tsung-mi Li, and Yunhui C. Yang, assisted for part of the time by Chieh-fang Ou Lee, Ying-ming Chen, and Joseph Yu Hsu Wang. Anna Affholder, Mei-li Chen, and Henry Khuo helped in the preparation of a preliminary corpus of dialogues.</p>
<p>Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Vincent Bascia.no, Lisa A. Bowden, Beth Broomell, Jill W, Ellis, Donna Fong, Judith J. Kieda, Renee T, C. Liang, Thomas Madden, Susan C. Pola, and Kathleen Strype.</p>
<p>The production of tape recordings was directed by Jose M. Ramirez of the Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script was voiced by Ms • Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr, Chen, Ms • Diao, Ms, Hu, Mr. Khuo, Mr. Li, and Ms. Yang. The English script was read by Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry,</p>
<p>Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, Ms. Pola, and Ms. Strype.</p>
<p>The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph A. Sadote, Chief of Audio-Visual.</p>
<p>Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach was field-tested with the cooperation of Brown University, the Defense Language Institute, the Foreign Service Institute, the Language Learning Center, the United States Air Force Academy, the University of Illinois, and the University of Virginia.</p>
<p>The Defense Language Institute printed the preliminary materials used for field testing and has likewise printed this edition.</p><img src="0317-FSI-StandardChinese-OptionalModuleWLF-StudentText_files/0317-FSI-StandardChinese-OptionalModuleWLF-StudentText-1.png" style="width:317pt;height:145pt;"/>
<p>WLF</p>
<p>TABLE OF CONTENTS</p>
<p>Preface...............................iii</p>
<p>Optional Modules • ................................................1</p>
<p>Objectives for the Personal Welfare Module •••••• ............2</p>
<p>Unit 1: Weather and Terrain</p>
<p>Part I Winter and Summer ......... ...........3</p>
<p>Part II Spring and Fall.........................T</p>
<p>Part III Terrain........................................10</p>
<p>Unit Vocabulary List....................................13</p>
<p>Unit 2: Clothing</p>
<p>Part I Buying Clothes................................15</p>
<p>Part II Buying Clothes................................19</p>
<p>Part III Having Clothes Made............................25</p>
<p>Unit Vocabulary List.........................30</p>
<p>Unit 3: Hair Care</p>
<p>Part I At the Barber..................32</p>
<p>Part II At the Hairdresser............................38</p>
<p>Unit Vocabulary List............................U3</p>
<p>Unit U: In the Home</p>
<p>Part I Personal Belongings...............UU</p>
<p>Part II Parts of the Home..............................U8</p>
<p>Part II Taking Care of Children................55</p>
<p>Unit Vocabulary List....................................59</p>
<p>Unit 5： Minor Physical Complaints</p>
<p>Part I Colds and Fevers....................6l</p>
<p>Part II Stomach Ailments..............................66</p>
<p>Part III Taking Temperatures and Blood Pressure • • • • &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;了1</p>
<p>Unit Vocabulary List....................................了U</p>
<p>Unit 6: Accidents and Difficulties</p>
<p>Part I Losing a Driver<sup>1</sup> s License................了6</p>
<p>Part II A Motorcycle Accident..........................8l</p>
<p>Part III Crossing into a Restricted Area................86</p>
<p>Unit Vocabulary List....................................90</p>
<p>Appendices:</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Parts of the Body...................92</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Medical Conditions and Illnesses....................9^</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Furniture and Household Items........................95</p>
<p>U. Parts of a House..............................96</p>
<p>Module Vocabulary List ...................... 97</p>
<p>OPTIONAL MODULES</p>
<p>Why some modules are optional</p>
<p>Optional modules present situations which some of our users will find necessary and others dispensable- For instance, college students rarely take cars vith them to China. People serving in the military may have no need of finding hotel accomodations or housing. People working for the government may rarely use the local postal system. You may choose to study one, some, all or none of the optional modules, basing your decision on factors such as the ajTiOunt of time available in your curriculum and the relevance of these topics to your goals. We hope you will find that these optional modules add flexibility to your use of the course.</p>
<p>Format of optional modules</p>
<p>Optional modules ’’look” different from core modules. A unit is divided into two or three parts, each with its own reference list, reference notes, and dialogues. There is only one tape, not five, per unit. The unit tape combines the C-l and F-l formats you have used in the core modules. Most of the explanation for the new material is not found on the tape, however， but in the reference notes in the text.</p>
<p>When to use an optional module</p>
<p>Since each unit introduces more vocabulary but less new grammar than «a core module， you can use an optional module when you see the need to enrich your vocabulary.</p>
<p>You don<sup>f</sup>t have to go all the way through an optional module at once.</p>
<p>You may use a unit at a time for variety while working on a core module, or several units as a break between core modules.</p>
<p>How to vork through an optional module tape</p>
<p>You may have found that you could work through the C-l and P-l tapes of a core iriodule unit just once, perhaps going back over a few sections twice, With optional rr.odule tapes, however, you will probably want to work through rr‘(、re than once, frequently stopping to read the notes and rewinding to listen</p>
<p>apain.</p>
<p>Optional Module: Personal Welfare</p>
<p>The Personal Welfare Module (WLF) will provide you with the skills needed to take care of a variety of personal needs and handle yourself in a number of possibly difficult situations.</p>
<p>Before starting Unit 1 of this module, you should have at least completed the Money Module (MON); and before starting Unit 3， you should have at least completed the Transportation Module (TRN).</p>
<p>OBJECTIVES</p>
<p>When you have finished this module, you will be able to:</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Describe the weather in all four seasons for your present locale, a Chinese city, and your hometown.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Describe the location, geographical setting, population, and air quality of the three areas in No. 1.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Give the names of five or more items of clothing.</p>
<p>U. Get your hair cut or styled.</p>
<p>• 5. Describe several items you ordinarily carry with you when traveling.</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Give the names of and describe the different rooms in a house.</p>
<p>7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Give simple directions to a babysitter.</p>
<p>8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ask and answer questions about the common cold and its symptoms.</p>
<p>-Offer advice on what to do for a simple ailment. Understand the use of kaishui, &quot;&quot;boiled water,</p>
<p>9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Describe what takes place during a visit to the doctor. Know how to give normal body temperature in Celsius and in Fahrenheit. Tell &quot;where it hurts” (using a list of the parts of the body, if necessary.)</p>
<p>10. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Describe accidents where injuries occur, and tell someone to call an ambulance.</p>
<p>11. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Report the loss of a passport to the appropriate officials. Find out where to go to report the loss and &quot;be able to determine whether adequate translation facilities will be available.</p>
<p>12. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Use the words for <sup>11</sup> danger<sup>11</sup> and &quot;caution” in grammatical, situationally appropriate sentences. Describe how someone entered a restricted area and how and for what reasons he was escorted out.</p>
<p>Personal Welfare Module， Unit 1 * Weather and Terrain</p>
<p>REFERENCE LIST</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jīntiān tiānqi hen hao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The weather is very nice today•</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nī laojiāde qihou zěnmeyang? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How is the climate in your hometown?</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D5ngtiān hen lěng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It’s cold in the winter.</p>
<p>U. Chāngchang xia xuě. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It often snows•</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Xiatiān hen re. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the summer it<sup>f</sup>s hot.</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jīntiān tian qlng le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It cleared up today.</p>
<p>7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wo juěde Taizhōngde qihou hen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I feel that Taichung*s climate is</p>
<p>hao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;very nice.</p>
<p>8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shanghaide dSngtiān hen shǎo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It seldom snows in the vinter in</p>
<p>xiā xuě. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shanghai.</p>
<p>9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jīntiān zhěrde tiānqi hen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The weather here is very cool</p>
<p>liangkuai• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;today.</p>
<p>10. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;often (alternate word for changchāng.)</p>
<p>REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I</p>
<p>Jīntiān tiānqi hen hǎo: Notice that the time vord jīntiān &quot;today” is placed &quot;before the subject, not directly before the vert here. Most time words of more than one syllable may come either before or after the subject, but in either case before the verb. Examples:</p>
<p>Qūnian wo hāi bu hui xiě zi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Last year I still couldn<sup>f</sup>t write</p>
<p>characters•</p>
<p>Wo xianzai hui xiě yidian le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nov I can write a little.</p>
<p>q.ihou: &quot;climate” Also pronounced qihou (with hou in the neutral tone).</p>
<p>DSngtiān hen lěng. : &quot;It's cold in winter’，The adverb hen is not translated here. Often hen adds little or nothing to the intensity of the adjectival vert, and doesn’t need to be translated by <sup>,f</sup>very.<sup>f?</sup> Later，you may notice • that sometimes we translate the hen literally and sometimes we choose to omit it from the translation- It is not a matter of right and wrong; it is more a matter of feeling, and may be, we admit, a somewhat arbitrary decision.</p>
<p>changchang: &quot;often, frequently, usually” An alternate form of this word is chang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*</p>
<p>Ta chāngchang qū Xianggang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She often goes to Hong Kong.</p>
<p>Ta chāng kan baozhi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He often reads the newspaper.</p>
<p>The phrase &quot;very often,’ is NOT formed by using hen with chang; instead, just use chang or changchang. If you must stress that something happens very often, use a phrase like &quot;every few days.<sup>M</sup></p>
<p>xia xuě: &quot;to snow” or more literally &quot;(there) falls snow.’，The subject xuě <sup>f,</sup>snow<sup>,?</sup> normally follows the verb xia <sup>fl</sup>to descend/’ This reversal of subject and verb is the rule, not the exception, in weather expressions.</p>
<p>Ou, xia xuě le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, it <sup>f</sup>s snowing.</p>
<p>Xiā xuě ma? Bu xia.</p>
<p>You měiyou xiā xue?</p>
<p>Meiyou. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;► &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is it snowing? No.</p>
<p>Xiā xuě le měiyou?</p>
<p>Měiyou.</p>
<p>Jīntiān xia xuě bu xia xuě? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is it going to snow today?</p>
<p>Xianzai bu xiā xuě le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It *s not snowing anymore.</p>
<p>tian: &quot;heaven, sky, day•&quot;</p>
<p>Aiya, wǒde tiān na! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh my heavens!</p>
<p>Tiān zhidao! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Heaven only knows!</p>
<p>q.lng: &quot;to be clear, to clear up” In the sentence Tiān qing le， the marker le_ tells us that a change has taken place. The meaning is not simply that the sky is clear, but that the sky is clear NOW, or rather, the sky has cleared up.</p>
<p>juěde ’’to feel” Here juěde is used to mean &quot;to feel, to think, to have an opinion about something-<sup>n</sup> It can also mean &quot;to feel&quot; in a physical way, as in &quot;to feel sick.<sup>H</sup> Nǐ juěde . . . zenmeyang? can be well translated as <sup>f</sup>’How do you like . . . ?</p>
<p>hen shao: &quot;It seldom snows in Shanghai in the winter.<sup>M</sup> The adjectival verb shao &quot;to be few” is used here as an adverb ’’seldom，&quot; and as such comes before the verb. Notice that hen shao, ’’seldom,’<sup>1</sup> and changchang, &quot;often，’’ are used as opposites.</p>
<p>English is no more logical when it comes to weather expressions: it uses the meaningless subject &quot;it,” as in <sup>T,</sup>It snows.</p>
<p>Jintian zherde tiānqi hen liangkuai: ”Today the weather here is very cool.<sup>71</sup> ~Again, it is not necessary to translate hěn as &quot;very&quot; in this sentence; the meaning depends on the speaker's intonation and emphasis.</p>
<p>FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART I</p>
<p>An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Běijīng.</p>
<p>M: Jīntiān tiānqi hen hao, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The weather is very good today,</p>
<p>shi bu shi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;isn't it?</p>
<p>F: Shi a! Jīntiān tiān qlng le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It is! Today it has cleared up.</p>
<p>M: Nǐ laojiāde qihou zěnmeyang? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What<sup>1</sup>s the climate like where</p>
<p>you<sup>1</sup>re from?</p>
<p>F: Wo laojiā zai Jiujīnshan. Narde My hometown is San Francisco. The qihou hěn hǎo. Dongtian bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;climate there is very good. It</p>
<p>lěng, xiatiān yě bu tāi re, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;isn<sup>f</sup>t cold in the winter, and it</p>
<p>isn’t too hot in the summer, either,</p>
<p>M: Nǐ juěde Beijing zenmeyang? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How do you like Běijīng? [Literally，</p>
<p>”How do you feel B?ijīng is?”]</p>
<p>F: Zhěi jǐtian Beijing tiāntiān xia It*s been snowing these last fev</p>
<p>xuě, tai lěng le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;days in Běijīng and it*s been too</p>
<p>cold.</p>
<p>NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE</p>
<p>juěde: &quot;to feel” This may mean ”to feel (physically)&quot; or &quot;to feel (emotionally), to think.&quot; It is often used, as in the Reference List sentence, to preface a statement of opinion. W5 juěde ..• may sometimes be translated as <sup>f,</sup>I think that ...<sup>11</sup></p>
<p>Wo juěde ta kěyi zuo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I think he can do it.</p>
<p>And here are some examples using juěde to mean ’’feel (physically )<sup>M</sup> ：</p>
<p>Wo juěde hen re. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I feel hot.</p>
<p>Wo juěde bū shūfu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don<sup>f</sup>t feel well. (Literally， ”1</p>
<p>feel not-vell.”）</p>
<p>Nǐ juede Běijīng zenmeyang?: &quot;How do you like Běijīng?” or ”What do you think of Beijing? More literally， &quot;You feel Běijīng is hov?”</p>
<p>tāi lěng le： <sup>fl</sup>it<sup>f</sup>s been too cold&quot; The marker l£ is the marker for new</p>
<p>situations. It is often used to reinforce the idea of &quot;excessive.&quot; Another</p>
<p>example is Tai gui le! <sup>,?</sup>It<sup>f</sup>s too expensive!&quot;</p>
<p>SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PAET I</p>
<p>An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei.</p>
<p>M: Ni laojiā zāi nali? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Where<sup>f</sup>s your hometown?</p>
<p>F: Zai Niu Yuě. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It *s New York.</p>
<p>M: Niǔ Yuede qihou zenmeyāng? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What is New York<sup>f</sup>s climate like?</p>
<p>F: Niǔ Yuede qihou bu tai hao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;New Yorkfs climate isn’t too good.</p>
<p>Dongtian leng， xiatiān re. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It丨s cold in the winter and hot</p>
<p>Ni laojiā zai nali? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in the summer. Where<sup>1</sup>s your</p>
<p>hometown•</p>
<p>M: Zai Shanghai. Shanghaide dong- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>f</sup>s Shanghai. It seldom snows in</p>
<p>tian h§n shǎo xiā xuě, keshi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shanghai in the winter, but it<sup>1</sup>s</p>
<p>yě hěn leng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cold there, too.</p>
<p>F: Xiatiān zěnmeyang? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What’s it like in the summer?</p>
<p>M: Ou, xiatiān hěn re. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, it<sup>f</sup>s hot in the summer,</p>
<p>F: Jīntiān zhěrde tiānqi hěn lian名一 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The veather today is cool. Let's go</p>
<p>kuai. Women chūqu zouzou* hSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;out and walk around, okay? bu hao?</p>
<p>M: Hao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay.</p>
<p>NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE *zSuzou; &quot;to walk around<sup>M</sup></p>
<p>PART II</p>
<p>11. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D5ngtiān changchang guā fēng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It's often windy in the winter.</p>
<p>12. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sānyue jiu kāish? nuanhuo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;By March it is already starting to</p>
<p>get warm. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'</p>
<p>13. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chuntiān hěn duan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Spring is very short.</p>
<p>lU<sub>#</sub> Xiatiān y5ude shihou xia yǔ. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It sometimes rains in the summer.</p>
<p>15. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qiūtiān zui hǎo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fall is the best (season).</p>
<p>16. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nǐ shi shenme shihou likai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When did you leave BSiJIng?</p>
<p>Beijingde?</p>
<p>17. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;W5 zhen xiǎng Jiāzhou. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I really miss California.</p>
<p>18. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Xiatiān bu shi hěn chaoshi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It's not very humid in the summer.</p>
<p>19. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tin^shuo Taiwan changchang guā I hear that Taiwan often has</p>
<p>taifēng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;typhoons.</p>
<p>20. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be long REFERENCE NOTES ON PART II</p>
<p>guǎ fēng: ’’（there) blows wind,’ Gua literally means &quot;to scrape,” but when used in connection vith fēng，&quot;wind,’<sup>1</sup> it means ,’to blow.<sup>11</sup> Like other weather expressions, such as xia xuě ”to snow，&quot; the subject feng usually follows the vert ^ua. To say ”very windy,<sup>1</sup>，you say that the wind is big, either Fēng hen da or Gua da fēng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-</p>
<p>Sānyue: <sup>,f</sup>by March’’ A time word before the verb may mean <sup>f,</sup>by<sup>n</sup> a certain time as well as ”at’，a certain time,</p>
<p>Sānyue jiū kāishi nuǎnhuo le: &quot;By March it is already starting to get warm. When the time word before it is given extra stress, the adverb jiu indicates that the event in question happens earlier than might be expected.</p>
<p>The marker le_ after the state verb nuanhuo，&quot;to be warm,’，tells us that it is being used here as a process verb, <sup>?T</sup>to get warm.’，</p>
<p>y5ude shihou: &quot;sometimes” This is also said as you shihou.</p>
<p>xiā yǔ: <sup>n</sup>to rain” Literally, <sup>M</sup>(there) falls rain.&quot; Now you have seen three weather expressions where the subject normally follows the verb: xia xuě, gua fēng and xia yǔ.</p>
<p>WLF, Unit 1</p>
<p>WS zhēn xiǎng Jiazhōu: <sup>,f</sup>I really miss California” The verb xiSng, translated here as ’’to miss,<sup>,T</sup> is the same verb as ’’to think”（&quot;I really think of California [vith nostalgia]<sup>1</sup>，) •</p>
<p>xiatiān bu shi hěn chaoshi: <sup>ff</sup>It<sup>f</sup>s not very humid in the summer.&quot; The shi is not obligatory in the sentence. It would also be correct to say bu hěn chaoshi,</p>
<p>taifěng: &quot;typhoon” The Chinese word taifēng was &quot;borrowed into the English language as ’’typhoon.”</p>
<p>FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II</p>
<p>An American woman is talking vith a Chinese man in Hong Kong:</p>
<p>F: N5C llkai Běijīng duSshao nian le? How many years has it been since</p>
<p>you left Běijīng?</p>
<p>M: Yijīng you ěrshi*banian le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It's already been twenty-eight</p>
<p>years•</p>
<p>F: Nī llkai zhěme Jiǔ, xiang bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Itbeen so long since you left,</p>
<p>xiǎng Běijīng? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;do you miss Běijīng?</p>
<p>M: Y5u'shihou xiang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sometimes I miss it.</p>
<p>F: TīngshuS Běijīng qiūtiande &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I hear that the autumn weather in</p>
<p>tiānqi zux hao, shi bu shi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Běijīng is the best, isn<sup>f</sup>t it?</p>
<p>M: Dui le, qiūtiande tiSnqi zui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right, the autumn weather is the</p>
<p>hao, bū lěng yě bu re. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;best; it<sup>f</sup>s neither cold nor hot.</p>
<p>F: DSngtian xia xue ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Does it snow in the winter?</p>
<p>M: Dongtian you shihou xia xuě, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It sometimes snows in the winter,</p>
<p>ye changchang gua fēng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and it<sup>1</sup> s often windy, too.</p>
<p>F: Shenme shihou kāishi nuanhuo? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When does it start to get varm?</p>
<p>M: Sanyuě Jiu kai^hl nuanhuo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It starts to get warm by March,</p>
<p>Keshi chūntian hěn duan, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;But the spring is very short,</p>
<p>VfiSyuě jiu re le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In May it starts to get hot.</p>
<p>F: Xiatiān chaoshī ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is it humid in the summer?</p>
<p>M: Xiatiān ySude shihou xia yǔ, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It sometimes rains in the summer,</p>
<p>kSshi &quot;bfi shi hSn chaoshī. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;but it<sup>1</sup> s not very humid.</p>
<p>NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE</p>
<p>Nǐ llkai zhěme jiu： <sup>!,</sup>īt<sup>f</sup>s been so long since you left” You have</p>
<p>seen jiǔ，which means <sup>!T</sup>to be long in time，” in the phrase du$ jiǔ, &quot;how long</p>
<p>(a time)’’ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*</p>
<p>SECOND DIALOGUE FCR PART II</p>
<p>An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei:</p>
<p>M: Nǐ Juěde Taiběi chūntiande &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you feel that the spring weather</p>
<p>tiānqi hǎo bu hao? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in Taipei is good?</p>
<p>F: Wo juěde zhělide chūntian hěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I feel the spring here is very good.</p>
<p>hao, Sānyue jiu nuanhuo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It gets warm in March. But I hear</p>
<p>Keshi wo tīngshuS xiātian hen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the summer is hot， right? re, dui bu dui?</p>
<p>M: Dui le. Zhělide xiātian hěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right. The summer here is very hot,</p>
<p>re, changchang xia yu, hěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and it often rains; it<sup>f</sup>s very</p>
<p>chaoshī. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;humid.</p>
<p>F: Tingshuo yě changchang guā &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>ve also heard that there are often</p>
<p>taifēng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;typhoons.</p>
<p>M: Dui le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes.</p>
<p>F: Taiběide qiutiān ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How about the fall in Taipei?</p>
<p>M: ōu, Jiǔ-Shiyuě hai hěn re, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, in September and October it*s</p>
<p>Shiyīyuě jiū liangkuai le, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;still hot. By November it gets</p>
<p>cool.</p>
<p>PART III</p>
<p>21. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ni lǎojiǎ zai chěngli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is your home in the city or in the</p>
<p>hiishi zai xiangxia? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;country?</p>
<p>22. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nali you shān, you senlin, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There are mountains and forests there,</p>
<p>hai you hu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and lakes， too.</p>
<p>23. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Feng.lǐng hěn hǎo, kSngqi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The scenery is very nice and the air</p>
<p>hěn xinxian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is fresh•</p>
<p>2U, Nǐ lǎojia fuj inde huan.1 ing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What<sup>1</sup> s the country like where you，re</p>
<p>zěnmeyang? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;from?</p>
<p>25. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nǐ laojiā něige difang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What<sup>1</sup>s the population of your</p>
<p>y5u duoshao rěnkou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hometown?</p>
<p>26, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You wǔqian rěn zuoyou. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There are about five thousand</p>
<p>people.</p>
<p>2了. Nilr měiyou kongqi vǔrǎn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There<sup>1</sup> s no air pollution there,</p>
<p>28 • Haibian hěn qinRjing. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The seashore is very quiet.</p>
<p>29. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhěr fujin you he ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are there any rivers in this area?</p>
<p>30. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chěng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;city</p>
<p>REFERENCE NOTES ON PART III</p>
<p>chěngli: <sup>f,</sup>in the city/<sup>1</sup> literally <sup>u</sup>inside the city wall.<sup>n</sup> xiangxia: <sup>n</sup>coiintry<sup>n</sup> Also pronounced xiāngxia (with neutral tone xia) • fu.1 in: ’Vicinity<sup>1</sup>’ Also pronounced</p>
<p>huajijlng: &quot;environment，surroundings,<sup>,f</sup> In No • 2k the phrase m laojiā fujinde huan.1 ing is literally ”the environment of the vicinity of your original home. <sup>1</sup></p>
<p>nǐ lao.lia neige difajig: &quot;your hometown&quot; Lao.jia by itself only means ’’original home. To get the meaning &quot;hometown,&quot; you must refer to the place (něige dlfang) where your &quot;original home&quot; (lǎojiā) is. Notice the different phrasing in the following sentences:</p>
<p>Nǐ laojiā něige difang you &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What<sup>f</sup>s the population of your</p>
<p>duSshao rěnkou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hometown?</p>
<p>Nl laojiā nar you měiyou shan? Are there mountains where your</p>
<p>original home is?</p>
<p>Nl iSojiā zai xiāngxia ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is your original home in the country?</p>
<p>shan, hū, he: &quot;mountain, lake, river&quot; These three words are used with the four points of the compass to make several province names.</p>
<p>ShāndSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;east of the (Tāihing) mountains</p>
<p>Shānxī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;west of the (Taihang) mountains</p>
<p>Hěběi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;north of the (Yellov) river</p>
<p>Henan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;south of the (Yellov) river</p>
<p>Hňběi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;north of the (Dongtlng) lake</p>
<p>Hunan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;south of the (Dongtlng) lake</p>
<p>FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART III</p>
<p>An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Běijīng:</p>
<p>M: Ni lǎojia fǔjinde huanjing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What<sup>f</sup>s the country like where you<sup>1</sup> re</p>
<p>zěnmeyan g ? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;from ?</p>
<p>F: Wo lǎojiǎde fujin you hěn duo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There are a lot of mountains near</p>
<p>shǎn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;where I’m from.</p>
<p>M: Něige xiǎo chěngde fēngjing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That little town must have very</p>
<p>hen hao ba! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;good scenery!</p>
<p>F: Dui le. Narde fēngjǐng hěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right. The scenery there is v^ry</p>
<p>hao. You sēnlin, hUi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;good. There are forests and also</p>
<p>you he. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rivers.</p>
<p>M: Narde kongqi hěn xīnxian ba. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I suppose the air there is very</p>
<p>fresh.</p>
<p>F: Shi a! Nar měiyou kSngqi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes! There is no air pollution</p>
<p>wurǎn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;there.</p>
<p>M: Něige xiǎo chěng you du5shǎo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What*s the population of that</p>
<p>rěnkou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;little town?</p>
<p>F: You slqiān rěn zuoyou. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There are about four thousand</p>
<p>people.</p>
<p>NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE</p>
<p>něige xiǎo chěng: &quot;that little town” You<sup>f</sup>ve learned that chěngli means &quot;in the city. One word for ”city” by itself is chěng [another is chěngshi1.</p>
<p>Nī shuode shi něige Huāshěngdun? Which Washington are you talking Shi zhou haishi chěng? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;about? The state or the city?</p>
<p>SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART III</p>
<p>An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei:</p>
<p>M; Nī lǎojia zai chěnglǐ haishi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is your home in the city or in the</p>
<p>zai xiāngxia? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;country?</p>
<p>F: Zai xiāngxia. Nali you shān, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>?</sup>s in the country. There are</p>
<p>you sēnlin, hai you hu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mountains there, and forests, and</p>
<p>Fēngjǐng hěn hāo. WS likāi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lakes, too. The scenery is very</p>
<p>nali yjjlng you wǔniān le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;good. It's already been five</p>
<p>Wo hěn xiǎng wode laojiā. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;years since I left there. I</p>
<p>miss my original home very much.</p>
<p>M: Nī laojia něige difang you &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What *s the population of your home-</p>
<p>duSshǎo rěnkou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;town?</p>
<p>F: Sanqiān rěn zuǒyou. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;About three thousand.</p>
<p>M: Na hěn qlngj ing &quot;ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Then it must be very quiet, I suppose?</p>
<p>F: Dui le, hěn qlngjing, KSngqi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right, it<sup>f</sup>s very quiet. The air is</p>
<p>yě xinxian. Ntde jia zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fresh， too. What part of Chang-</p>
<p>Zhanghua shenme difang? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hua is your home in?</p>
<p>M: Zai TianzhSng fuj in. Nali &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Near T<sup>f</sup>ienchung. The scenery there</p>
<p>fingjIng yě hen hǎo<sub>4</sub> měiyou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is also very nice, and there’s no</p>
<p>kSngqi wurǎn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;air pollution•</p>
<p>NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE</p>
<p>Wo likai nali yǐjing you vǔnian le: &quot;(Since) I left there it has been five years.”The marker le at the end of the sentence is new-situation le, and is necessary here. It shows that the duration stated (five years) is as of the present moment (<sup>ff</sup>so far,’）. Another point to bear in mind is that Le is used at the end of most sentences containing yǐjing.</p>
<p>Zhānghua, <sup>n</sup>Changhua,is the name of a city and a county on the vest coast of central Taiwan. T<sup>f</sup>ienchung (TianzhSng) is a village in southeastern Changhua county.</p>
<p>Unit 1, Vocabulary</p>
<p>ching &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;often</p>
<p>chāiigchang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;often</p>
<p>chāoshi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be humid</p>
<p>chěng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;city, tovn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*</p>
<p>chěngli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in the city</p>
<p>chuntiān (chūntian) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;spring</p>
<p>dSngtiān (dongtian) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;winter</p>
<p>duan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be short</p>
<p>feng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wind</p>
<p>fěngjing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;scenery</p>
<p>fujin (fujin) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;area， neighborhood</p>
<p>guā &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to blow (of wind, typhoons, etc.)</p>
<p>hǎibiān(r) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;seashore</p>
<p>he &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;river</p>
<p>hū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lake</p>
<p>hu&amp;ajing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;environment</p>
<p>juěde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to feel</p>
<p>kāishi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to begin, to start</p>
<p>kongqi (kongqi) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;air</p>
<p>kongqi vǔrǎn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;air pollution</p>
<p>lěng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be cold</p>
<p>liāngkuai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be cool</p>
<p>likai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to leave</p>
<p>nuanhuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be warm</p>
<p>qihou (qihou) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;climate</p>
<p>qlng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be clear</p>
<p>qingjing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to &quot;be quiet</p>
<p>qiūtiān (qiǔtian) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fall, autumn</p>
<p>re &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be hot</p>
<p>rěnkou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;population</p>
<p>sēnlin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;forest</p>
<p>shān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mountain</p>
<p>shao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be few; seldom</p>
<p>tāifeng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;typhoon</p>
<p>tiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sky, heaven</p>
<p>tiānqi (tiānqi) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;weather</p>
<p>tingshuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to hear that, to hear it said</p>
<p>wūrǎn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pollution</p>
<p>xiSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to miss, to think of</p>
<p>xiāngxia (xiāngxia) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in the country, the countryside</p>
<p>xiatiān (xiatian) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;summer</p>
<p>xia xuě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to snow</p>
<p>xiā yǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to rain</p>
<p>xīnxiān (xīnxian) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be fresh</p>
<p>you(de) shihou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sometimes</p>
<p>zui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;most， -est</p>
<p>zuSyou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;approximately, about</p>
<p>Personal Welfare Module, Unit 2 Clothing</p>
<p>PART I</p>
<p>HEFKHKNCF； LliVV</p>
<p>1. <sup>r</sup>ra Jint.iīin chuan fie yll'u zhēn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The clothes she is wearing today are</p>
<p>hǎo kan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;really pretty.</p>
<p>Wo xfiyao Jtjian xin yi fu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I need some new clothes.</p>
<p>WǑcie dayi tai jiū le, wo xiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;My coat is too worn, I want to get</p>
<p>mǎi (yi)jian xīnde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a new one.</p>
<p>J*. Bei.līngde d5ngtian hěn lěng, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Winter in Beijing is very cold; you</p>
<p>rn yiio mai hou yidiǎnrde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;need to buy a heavier one.</p>
<p>‘&gt;• N? i3}ienme shihou yu_ tuzhuāngdian? When are you going to the clothing</p>
<p>store?</p>
<p>6. Gei wo mai yīshuāng tuoxiě， &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Buy me a pair of slippers, would you?</p>
<p>hǎo bu hǎo?</p>
<p>. Taibei chang xia yu, m xūyao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It often rains in Taipei; you need a</p>
<p>yǔyl， yǔxiě. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;raincoat and rainshoes.</p>
<p>B. Wode yǓGan huai le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;My umbrella has broken•</p>
<p>9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wo hai xūyao yitiao kuzi• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I also need a pair of pants.</p>
<p>10. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cbūnliān lai le， wo xiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Spring is coming; I<sup>f</sup>d like to buy a</p>
<p>mǎi ban y j diande qjliizi • &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lighter skirt.</p>
<p>1.1 . V:3 xiang mai yltao ^ānbufu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>d like to buy a cadre suit.</p>
<p>1L<sup>J</sup>. Wo shāngvu qu mai le yitiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This morning I went and bought a</p>
<p>kuzi he_ ji.lian chěnshān • &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pair of pants and a few shirts.</p>
<p>1，. xin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be new</p>
<p>Ī&lt;EFEH1*：NCKS NOTR] ON FART I</p>
<p>chuan: *’U丨 put on, to don&quot; (clothes, shoes) Notice that Chinese uses an action varb, <sup>M</sup>to put on,&quot; where English uses a state verb, ”to wear.”</p>
<p>You have to nd^ust your thinking a bit in order to use this verb correctly. When you want to say &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;MOT WEARING her coatyou actually say &quot;She</p>
<p>JjIDN &quot;I<sup>1</sup> 丨UT ON her coat,,<sup>n</sup> Ta měi chuan dayT.</p>
<p>Here are some example sentences using chuan ’’to put on.</p>
<p>Wo chuānle yishuāng hong xiě. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ī<sup>f</sup>m wearing a pair of red shoes.</p>
<p>(I<sup>f</sup>ve put on a pair of red shoes.)</p>
<p>Wo měi chuan xiě. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>m not wearing shoes. (I didn<sup>?</sup>t put</p>
<p>on shoes.)</p>
<p>Nī chuan bai xiě ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you wear white shoes? (HABIT) OR</p>
<p>Will you wear white shoes? (INTENTION)</p>
<p>W8 &quot;bū chuan bai xiě. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don*t wear white shoes (HABIT) OR</p>
<p>I won<sup>?</sup>t wear white shoes. (INTENTION)</p>
<p>Chuan is not the only verb meaning ,’to put on” in Chinese. There is another verb dai which is used for wearing or putting on hats, wristwatches, ornaments, Jewelry, and gloves. DsLi is taught in Part II of this unit.</p>
<p>xuySo: &quot;to need &quot;&nbsp;This word may be used as a main verb or as an auxiliary verb. In either usage， it is always a state verb. It is， therefore, negated with</p>
<p>Wo xuyao qian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I need money.</p>
<p>W5 xūyao shfJian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I need time.</p>
<p>Wo xūyao ta. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I need her.</p>
<p>Wo xGySo huan qian* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I need to change money.</p>
<p>Ta xuyao zhīdao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He needs to know. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•</p>
<p>-jlan: This is the counter for articles of clothing, as well as for things (dSngxi， shtqing), and suitcases.</p>
<p>dfltyl: <sup>,f</sup>overcoat<sup>11</sup> literally &quot;big clothes&quot;</p>
<p>jiu; ”to be old, to be worn&quot; This is the word to use when describing things<sub>9</sub> whether concrete or abstract, but never people• [For people, use lSo: Ta lao le* <sup>M</sup>She*s gotten old•”]</p>
<p>Na shi w5de jiu dizhJ. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That<sup>1</sup>s my old address *</p>
<p>Ta hfiishi chuan jiu yīfu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She<sup>f</sup>s still wearing old clothes,</p>
<p>mSi (y£)jiān xīnde: The number yī- before a counter may be omitted when it directly follows a verb.</p>
<p>yao: &quot;to need” In sentence No. U， you see a new usage of yao (n? yao mǎi hou yidiǎnrde &quot;you need to buy a heavier one”）. In addition to meaning <sup>T</sup>，to want，yao has many uses as an auxiliary verb. The meaning <sup>M</sup>to need”</p>
<p>is one of the more common ones.</p>
<p>hou: &quot;to be thick<sup>11</sup> In sentence No. k (•&quot;rň yao mǎi hou yidiǎnrde&quot;.)， hou is translated as &quot;heavier•” The basic meaning of hou is to be thick.</p>
<p>Zhěiběn shū hěn hou. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This book is very thick.</p>
<p>Yěli xiade xuě hen hou. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The snow that fell last night is</p>
<p>very deep.</p>
<p>Bāo <sup>n</sup>to be thin, to be flimsy (of cloth, paper, etc.)，<sup>1</sup>’ is often the opposite of hou.</p>
<p>tuSxiě: ’’slipper,’，literally ’’drag-shoes■’， In most households in Taiwan shoes are not worn into the house, so plenty of pairs of slippers are kept at the front door. This custom, established by Japanese influence, has the practical value of keeping the floors dry, which would otherwise be difficult given Taiwan's rainy climate• (In mainland China, shoes are worn into the house.)</p>
<p>huāi: This verb has a different meaning depending on whether it is a state ver&quot;b or a process verb. As a state verb, huai means ’’to be bad,&quot; as a process verb, ”to go bad, to break.<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>As a state verb:</p>
<p>Zuotiān tiānqi zhēn huai, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yesterday the weather was really</p>
<p>jīntiān hao le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bad, &quot;but today it<sup>1</sup> s gotten better.</p>
<p>He! Tāde ZhSngguo hua zhēn bu Well! His Chinese is really not huai, a? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bad, huh?</p>
<p>As a process verb:</p>
<p>Wo zhěizhī &quot;bǐ huai le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This pen of mine is broken.</p>
<p>Zhěixiē juzi huai le, bu yao le. These tangerines have gone bad; we</p>
<p>don't want them (throw them out).</p>
<p>FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART I</p>
<p>The couple in this dialogue have recently moved to Taipei from Kaohsiung (Gaoxiong) in southern Taiwan. Here they are taking a walk in downtown Taipei. (Xiǎo Hua is their daughter.)</p>
<p>F: Zhěli fǔjin you hěn duo fuzhuāng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There are a lot of clothing stores</p>
<p>dian, women qu mai yīfu, hao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in this area; why don<sup>f</sup>t we go buy</p>
<p>bu hǎo? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;some clothes?</p>
<p>M: Hao. N5l xiang mǎi shenme? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All right. What would you like to</p>
<p>buy?</p>
<p>F: Wo xiang mai yitiao kuzi he &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>d like to buy a pair of slacks</p>
<p>jjjian chěnshān. Wo hai xiǎng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and a few shirts. I<sup>f</sup>d also like</p>
<p>mSi yljian dayx. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to buy an overcoat.</p>
<p>M: Dui, ni chuānde zhěijian dayī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bight, this overcoat you're wearing</p>
<p>tai jiu le, wSmen qu gěi ni &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is too old. Let’s go buy you a</p>
<p>mi jian xīnde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;new one.</p>
<p>F: Nī y? xuyao mǎi yljian xin dayī, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You need to buy a new overcoat too,</p>
<p>shi &quot;bu shi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;don<sup>f</sup>t you?</p>
<p>M: Dui le. Taibeide dongtian you &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right. Winters in Taipei sometimes</p>
<p>shfhSu hěn leng, women yao mǎi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;get very cold; ve should buy</p>
<p>hou yidiande dāyī. Wo hai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;heavier coats. I also need</p>
<p>xuyao mǎi Jiān yǔyl, yě yao gei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to buy a raincoat, and I want to</p>
<p>Xiao Hua mSi yishuang yuxiě. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;buy a pair of rainboots for Xiǎo</p>
<p>Hua, too.</p>
<p>F: ōu,, hai yao mai jJshuang tuōxiě. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, we should buy a few pairs of</p>
<p>slippers, too,</p>
<p>M: HSo， vSmen xianzai Jiu qu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, let<sup>f</sup>s go right nov.</p>
<p>SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I</p>
<p>An American of Chinese descent (M) has &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gone back to visit relatives in Běijīng.</p>
<p>Here he talks vith his cousin (F)•</p>
<p>F: Jīntiān xiawu women qū mǎi dōngxi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How about going shopping this after-</p>
<p>zěnmeyang? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;noon?</p>
<p>M: Hao. N? yao mǎi shenme? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay. What do you want to buy?</p>
<p>F: Wo xiSng mǎi jījian yīfu, tiānqi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>d like to get a few clothes;</p>
<p>nuanhuo le, xǔyāo mǎi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the weather is warmer now, and</p>
<p>baode chěnshān he qunzi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I need to &quot;buy a lighter weight</p>
<p>blouse and skirt.</p>
<p>M: W5 ye xuyao mai yljian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I also need to buy a shirt, and</p>
<p>chěnshān, wS hāi xiang mai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>1</sup>d like to buy a cadre suit,</p>
<p>yltao ganbufti. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;too.</p>
<p>F: Ni yao mai ganbufu? Na，women &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You want to buy a cadre suit?</p>
<p>yiqi qu fuzhuāngdian. Ōu, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Then we<sup>1</sup>11 go to the clothing</p>
<p>dui le, Běijīng Qī-Bāyuě chang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;store together. Oh, right, it</p>
<p>xia yǔ, nī you měiyou yǔxiě, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;often rains in Běijīng in July</p>
<p>yǔsǎn? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and August, do you have rain</p>
<p>shoes and an umbrella?</p>
<p>M: Wǒde yǔxiě tai Jiū le, yǔsan yě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;My rain shoes are too worn, and my</p>
<p>huai le, d5u děi mǎi xīnde le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;umbrella is broken. I have to</p>
<p>buy new ones of both,</p>
<p>F: Hǎo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All right.</p>
<p>PART II</p>
<p>REFERENCE LIST</p>
<p>lU. Qǐngwěn, nali y5u mai něiyi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Excuse me, where do they sell under—</p>
<p>něikude? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shirts and underpants?</p>
<p>15. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhějian ji'akě shi nilongde, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This jacket is made of nylon, isn*t</p>
<p>shi ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it?</p>
<p>16. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jīntiān hěn leng, ni bu dai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>1</sup>s cold today, aren<sup>f</sup>t you going to</p>
<p>maozi ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wear your hat?</p>
<p>1了. W5 něidǐng po maozi tāi nankān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That old hat of mine looks awful， I</p>
<p>le, wo bu xiǎng dai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;don，t want to wear it,</p>
<p>l8. Nǐde vazi gou bu gou? WS gěi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you have enough socks? 1*11 buy</p>
<p>ni mai jǐshuāng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you a few pairs.</p>
<p>19• A: Nǐ yao mǎi jiakě haishi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you want to buy a jacket or a</p>
<p>vaitāo? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;coat?</p>
<p>B: Wo gěi wo xiansheng mai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I want to buy a jacket for my</p>
<p>jiakě, gěi wo zijǐ mǎi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;husband and a coat for myself, wāitao.</p>
<p>20, Vo maile yishuang hēi yansěde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I bought a pair of black shoes and</p>
<p>plxiě he yltāo shuiyi• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a pair of pajamas•</p>
<p>21. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: ' Zhěli you ge shubǎo， shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There<sup>1</sup>s a tote bag here; whose</p>
<p>shěide? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is it?</p>
<p>B: A, shi wǒde, wo vang le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, it<sup>f</sup>s mine, I forgot it.</p>
<p>22, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: wSde maoyī po le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;My sweater is worn through/torn/</p>
<p>damaged•</p>
<p>B: Na ni dei qu mai xīnde le. Then you have to go buy a new one.</p>
<p>REFERENCE NOTES ON PART II</p>
<p>něiyi, něiku: Něi means &quot;inner.” Něiku means ”underpants” (ku as in kuzi)• Neiyī means &quot;underclothes” in general, but when contrasted with něikū takes on the specific meaning &quot;undershirt.” The 这 means ’’clothing, garment，’’ as in yīfu.</p>
<p>jiakě: ”Jacket，&quot; a word borrowed from English. Jiākě refers only to jackets cut above the waist; a suit jacket vould be waitao (see note below). Also pronounced jiakě. In Běijīng, this word has an -r^ ending.</p>
<p>nilong: &quot;nylon,&quot; another borrowing from English.</p>
<p>dai: &quot;to put on, to don&quot; a hat, wristwatch, gloves, glasses, jewelry or other things which are not necessary to one's apparel. As with the verb chuān which you learned in Part I， when you use dai you have to adjust your thinking from the idea of &quot;to wear” to the idea of ”put on•” For ”Do you wear glasses?&quot; you would say &quot;Do you put on glasses?”： Nǐ dai bu dai yǎnjing?*</p>
<p>For ”She,s not wearing glasses<sup>n</sup> you would say ”She didn<sup>f</sup>t put on glasses’*:</p>
<p>Ta měi dai yanjing. Contrast</p>
<p>Ta &quot;bu dai maozi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She doesn’t wear hats. (HABIT)</p>
<p>OR She won<sup>f</sup>t wear a hat. (INTENTION)</p>
<p>Ta měi dai maozi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She didn't put on a hat,</p>
<p>OR She didn’t wear a hat.</p>
<p>OR She doesn’t have a hat on.</p>
<p>(The translations given only cover some of the possible ones. Other aspect markers which you have not learned yet, such as the marker for action in progress Czail, the marker for duration [-zhe]， the marker for lack of change [ne]， etc., can be used to make more precise the meaning of a sentence.)</p>
<p>-ding: The counter for maozi，<sup>f,</sup>hat.Literally, -ding means &quot;top/’</p>
<p>-rr-</p>
<p>•ySnjing: &quot;glasses&quot; (counter: -fu)</p>
<p>po： ”to be broken/damaged/torn/worn out&quot; In po maozi, &quot;old/ worn/ tattered hat,<sup>11</sup> £o stands before a noun to modify it.这 is also frequently used as a process verb, &quot;to break, to become dajnaged/torn/worn out.</p>
<p>Wo kankan, nide Jiākě shi bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let me have a look,-has your</p>
<p>shi po le? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jacket been torn/worn through?</p>
<p>In Part I you learned huai, &quot;to go bad, to break.<sup>Tl</sup> Huai means that something becomes unusable or stops working, while go means that something develops a tear, cut, split, hole, break, etc. Jiū in Part I had for one possible translation &quot;to be worn,&quot; but jiu and £d are quite different: jiū le means to have changed color or shape after a long period of time or use, whereas po le means that the thing is no longer intact, whether the damage is caused &quot;by time, use, or accident•</p>
<p>gou: ”to be enough” This adjectival verb is only used as the main verb of a sentence, never (like English，’enough&quot;) before a noun. You must therefore recast English sentences with &quot;enough” into the Chinese pattern when you translate, e.g.</p>
<p>Do you have -&gt; Are your socks &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nide wSzi</p>
<p>enough socks? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;enough? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gou &quot;bu gōu?</p>
<p>I don<sup>f</sup>t have -&gt; shirts aren't &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WSde chěnshān</p>
<p>enough shirts &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;enough. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bu g3u.</p>
<p>There aren<sup>f</sup>t -The rice &quot;bowls &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fanwan bu gou.</p>
<p>enough rice bovls. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;aren’t enough.</p>
<p>waitao： This word has two meanings: (l) „coat, overcoat,<sup>11</sup> and (2) a ”Jacket&quot; which extends below the waist, like a suit jacket. (A jacket cut above the waist is Jiakě*)</p>
<p>zijǐ: ’’oneself; myself, yourself, himself, etc.’，This is a special pronoun. It can be used by itself, or it can follow another pronoun like nī, wo, ta, etc. Here are some examples. (For the first, you need to know -zhSng, &quot;kind,” and for the last, you need to know zu$, <sup>fl</sup>to make.)</p>
<p>Mai yīfu, zui hao mai zijǐ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When buying clothes， it is best to</p>
<p>xihuande něizhǒng, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;buy the kind one likes oneself.</p>
<p>Na shi wo ztj?de shi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That’s my own business.</p>
<p>Zhěi shi tā zijl zuode, bū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She made this herself, it isn<sup>f</sup>t</p>
<p>shi maide. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(store-)bought.</p>
<p>plxiě: Western-style &quot;leather shoes，&quot; a word commonly used where we would just say &quot;shoes，，’ since traditional Chinese shoes (buxiě) are made of cloth.</p>
<p>shuiyi: &quot;pajamas,&quot; literally, ”sleep-garment” This word can use two different counters, depending on the type of pajamas referred to. 1) For two-piece pajamas, that is, a shirt and pants, the counter is -tao, ,’set•” (Although we say <sup>n</sup>a pair of pajamas<sup>11</sup> in English, you cannot use the counter -shuang in Chinese. -Shuang is only for things that match, like shoes.)</p>
<p>2) Old-style one-piece pajamas take the counter -jiān.</p>
<p>shǔbao: ”tote bag, carryall,<sup>11</sup> literally, <sup>u</sup>book-sack.<sup>,f</sup> Although still used with the original meaning of a student<sup>f</sup>s ”bookbag,” shubao has now come to have a more general meaning, since bookbags are often used to carry things other than books. [There are other words for <sup>n</sup>tote bag，，，but shūbāo is so useful that you should learn it first.]</p>
<p>vāng: ’’to forget; to forget to; to forget that&quot;</p>
<p>Ni vang le ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You've forgotten, haven<sup>1</sup>1 you?</p>
<p>Wo měi vāng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No, I haven<sup>T</sup>t forgotten.</p>
<p>Wo wang(le) qū le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;forgot to go*</p>
<p>WS wang(le) dai maozi le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;forgot to put on my hat.</p>
<p>Wo wangle tā jidian zhSng lai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;工 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;forgot what time he is coming.</p>
<p>Wo wangle tǎ jiao shenme mlngzi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I forgot what his name is.</p>
<p>Wo wangle wo jīntiān měi kě. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I forgot that I don<sup>f</sup>t have any</p>
<p>classes today,</p>
<p>māoyī: ’’sweater,&quot; literally, <sup>f!</sup>woolen-garment •</p>
<p>Na, &quot;in that case, then,” is always used at the very beginning of a sentence, for example,</p>
<p>Na， vSmen shěnme shfhou qu? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Then, when shall we go?</p>
<p>Na nǐ děi qu mai xīnde le: The le here is optional. It stresses that having to go buy a new sweater is a new situation.</p>
<p>FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II</p>
<p>Tianjin. In the home of two senior cadres， a husband (M) and wife (F) discuss shopping plans. (They live together with the wife's older sister.)</p>
<p>F: Ni zuStiān &quot;bu shi shu5 xiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Didn<sup>f</sup>t you say yesterday that</p>
<p>qu mai něiyi, něikīi ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you wanted to go buy undershirts</p>
<p>and underpants?</p>
<p>M: Shi. a! Wo hai xiǎng mǎi Jian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes! I also want to buy an</p>
<p>vāitāo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;overcoat•</p>
<p>F: Mai waitaor a?! Nī něijian xīn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Buy an overcoat?! Isn<sup>f</sup>t that</p>
<p>jiākě bū hǎo ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;new jacket of yours good?</p>
<p>M: Hěn hǎo, keshi tiānqi yǐjīng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It's very good, but the veather</p>
<p>kāishǐ liang le, něijian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;has already started to get cold,,</p>
<p>jiāke tai bao, wo xiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and that Jacket is too light, so</p>
<p>mai jiān xīn wāitao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>d like to get a new overcoat.</p>
<p>F: Nā women shěnme shihou qū? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Then when shall we go?</p>
<p>M: ōu, nǐ yě xiang qu a? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, you want to go too?</p>
<p>F: Wo xiǎng qu mǎi yitao shuiyi, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>d like to go buy a pair of</p>
<p>mǎi liǎngshuāng nllong wazi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pajamas and a couple of pairs</p>
<p>nylon socks•</p>
<p>M: Ou, hǎo, nā women xianzai jiū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, all right, then let<sup>1</sup>s go</p>
<p>qu, hāo Tdu hao? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;right now, okay?</p>
<p>F: Hao, nǐ chuān něijian jiākě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay. Will it be enough for you</p>
<p>gou &quot;bu gou? Tiānqi hěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to wear that jacket? The</p>
<p>lěng a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;weather is very cold!</p>
<p>M: Gou le, wo hāi chuānle maoyī ne. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It’s enough. I have a sweater on</p>
<p>too •</p>
<p>F: Ug, wode shūbāo ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Huh, where<sup>1</sup>s my tote bag?</p>
<p>M: Něige shubao shi bu shi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is that tote bag it?</p>
<p>F: Bu shi, nā shi wo Jiějiede. A! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No, that<sup>1</sup>s my older sister's. Ah!</p>
<p>Zai zhěr! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Here it is!</p>
<p>M: Hao le ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All set?</p>
<p>F: Hao le, zSu ba! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All set* Let<sup>f</sup>s go!</p>
<p>NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE</p>
<p>vode shūbāo ne?: Questions with &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;frequently ask for the whereabouts of something or someone; thus the sentence may be translated, &quot;Where is my tote bag?’’</p>
<p>SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II</p>
<p>Taipei. Conversation between a husband and wife. (Xiao Ming is their son.)</p>
<p>F: Yingmlng, xThuan wo Jīntiān gěi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yingming, do you like the new hat</p>
<p>nī maide zhědīng maozi ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I bought for you today?</p>
<p>M: Duōshao qian maide? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How much did you pay for it?</p>
<p>F: Bu gui a! Nǐ bu xǐhuan? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It wasn't expensive! You don't like</p>
<p>it?</p>
<p>M: Ou, hěn hao kan. Nī shangwǔ qu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, it’s nice. You went shopping</p>
<p>mǎi dSngxi la? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;this morning?</p>
<p>F: Duī le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right.</p>
<p>M: Ni hai maile shěnme le? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What else did you buy?</p>
<p>F: Wo gěi nǐ maile liangJian chěn- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I bought you two shirts. And since</p>
<p>shān. Wo kan ni nājian lan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I saw that that blue sweater of</p>
<p>yansěde maoyī pole, hāi gěi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yours is worn through, I also</p>
<p>ni maile liǎngjian maoyī. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bought two sweaters for you. One</p>
<p>Yijian shi huangde, yijian shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is yellov and one is green. Look,</p>
<p>lude. Nx kan. Xihuan ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you like them?</p>
<p>M: h§n hao kan. Xiěxie ni. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They're very nice, Thank you.</p>
<p>F: WS hai gei Xiao Ming maile &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I also bought a fev undershirts</p>
<p>něiyī, něiku, he Jīshuang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and underpants and a few pairs of</p>
<p>wazi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;socks for Xiao Ming.</p>
<p>M: Nǐ gei ziji mai shěnme le? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What did you buy for yourself?</p>
<p>F: WS zijl maile yijian jiākě, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I bought myself a jacket and an</p>
<p>yijian waitao, hai maile &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;overcoat, and I also bought</p>
<p>yishuang xiě, yishuang hong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a pair of shoes, a pair of red</p>
<p>yānsěde pixie. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;leather shoes.</p>
<p>M: Hai ySu měiyou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Anything else?</p>
<p>F: Mm • . . měiyou le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Um . • . no.</p>
<p>M: Na ni wangle gei wo mai shuiyi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Then you forgot to buy pajamas for</p>
<p>le ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;me, didn't you?</p>
<p>F: Ou! Wo vang le! Wo mingtiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh! ī forgot! I'll go buy them</p>
<p>qu m5i, hao bu hao? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tomorrow, all right?</p>
<p>M: HSo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All right.</p>
<p>PART III REFERENCE LIST</p>
<p>22. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nǐ yao zuo shenmeyangde yīfu? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What kind of clothing do you want</p>
<p>made?</p>
<p>23. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Wo yao zuo yijian qipāo• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I vant to have a cheongsam made.</p>
<p>B: Nǐ yao zuo shěnme liaozide? What material do you want it made</p>
<p>from?</p>
<p>A: Ni shuS yong shěnme liaozi What material do you think would be hǎo? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;best to use?</p>
<p>B: Women zhěli you hěn duo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We have many different kinds of</p>
<p>zhSng liaozi, nin xǐhuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;material here; which kind do you</p>
<p>nǎyizhong? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;prefer?</p>
<p>2U. A: Ni yao zuo shěnme yangzide? What style do you vant it?</p>
<p>B: Vo xǐhuan wo shēnshang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I like the one I have on. chuānde zhěijiān.</p>
<p>B: Nǐ ke bu kěyi zhao zhěige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Could you make it in this style? yangzi zuo?</p>
<p>25. Wo gěi nin liang chīcun, hao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I’ll take your measurements, all</p>
<p>&quot;bu hǎo? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;right?</p>
<p>26* Nǐ kankan zhěijiān mian^o &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;See if this cotton-padded jacket</p>
<p>hěshī bu hěshi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fits you,</p>
<p>2了• xīzhuāng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Western-style clothes; Western-style</p>
<p>suit</p>
<p>REFERENCE NOTES</p>
<p>zuo: ’’to make，<sup>1</sup>’ but in the Reference List sentence it is used for &quot;to have made.&quot; Zuo yīfu has two possible meanings: &quot;to make clothes&quot; or <sup>T</sup>’to have clothes made.，’ The context will usually make clear which is meant•</p>
<p>Zai Taiwan zuo yīfu bu piānyi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Having clothes made isn*t cheap in</p>
<p>le. ' &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Taiwan any more.</p>
<p>shěnmeyajig: ”vhat kind，like what”</p>
<p>Nide ditSn shěnmeyangr? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What is your carpet like?</p>
<p>Laide rěn shěnmeyangr? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What did the person who came look</p>
<p>like?</p>
<p>Ni yaode dltSn shi shenmeyangde? What kind of carpet is it that you</p>
<p>want?</p>
<p>Nide pěngyou shi shenmeyangde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What kind of person is your friend?</p>
<p>rěn?</p>
<p>qipao: A close-fitting woman<sup>1</sup>s dress with high Chinese collar and slit side, now called in English a ^cheongsajn,<sup>11</sup> from the GuǎngdSng dialect name.</p>
<p>Qf refers to the Manchurian nationality; pao means a Chinese-style long gown. Thus the name qipao comes from the fact that the ancestor of the modern cheongsam was originally worn &quot;by Manchurian women.</p>
<p>liaozi: &quot;cloth, fabric, material<sup>11</sup></p>
<p>N? shu5&quot;.: Literally, &quot;You say.&quot;,” but often used as in this question to mean, <sup>TT</sup>In your opinion<sup>11</sup> or ”Do you think.&quot;&quot;</p>
<p>-zhSng: <sup>,f</sup>kind, sort*<sup>1</sup></p>
<p>Nide luxlng zhlpiao shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What kind are your traveler<sup>1</sup>s</p>
<p>na yizhSngde? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;checks?</p>
<p>螫</p>
<p>Nī qu něizhSng dxfang zuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What did you go to that kind</p>
<p>shěnme? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of place to do?</p>
<p>Zhěizhong Juzi h§n gui. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This kind of tangerine is very</p>
<p>expensive.</p>
<p>yangzi: (l) &quot;appearance,” (2) &quot;shape, form,&quot; (3) ”style, design:</p>
<p>Tade yaLngzi hen hSo kan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Her appearance is very attractive.</p>
<p>Kan tā něi yangzi! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Look at his appearance! (i.e., &quot;Get</p>
<p>a load of him.”）</p>
<p>Nī shuode něige dSngxi shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What does the thing you are talking</p>
<p>shěnme yangzide? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;about look like?</p>
<p>Tāde qlpaode yangzi hen bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The style of her cheongsam is</p>
<p>cuo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;quite nice.</p>
<p>Nide xīn yīfu shi shěnme &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What<sup>f</sup>s the style of your new</p>
<p>yāngzide? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dress?</p>
<p>shēnshang: <sup>n</sup>on one<sup>1</sup> s body, on one's person’，</p>
<p>Tā shēnshang you yijian lan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He has a blue overcoat on.</p>
<p>dayi.</p>
<p>Wo shēnshang měiyou qian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don’t have any money on me.</p>
<p>Wode qian xianzai dou zai tā &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He has all my money with him right</p>
<p>shēnshang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;now,</p>
<p>ke bu kěyi: another vay to say kěyi bu kěyi.</p>
<p>zhāo: <sup>f,</sup>according to”</p>
<p>Jiu zhao zhěige nian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Just read it the way it is here</p>
<p>(according to this),</p>
<p>Jiu zhao zhěige paijiā huan ba! Just exchange it according to</p>
<p>this exchange rate.</p>
<p>Wo jiu zhao nxde yisi xiě, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>1</sup>11 just write it the vay you want</p>
<p>hao bu hao? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it written, all right?</p>
<p>liang: &quot;to measure，，</p>
<p>Nǐ gěi wo liāngliang zheikuāi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Measure this piece of cloth *</p>
<p>liaozi gou bu gou. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for me to see if there<sup>1</sup>s enough.</p>
<p>chǐcun: &quot;measurements，<sup>n</sup> literally, ”feet-inches•” Also pronounced chīcun (vith cun in the neutral tone).</p>
<p>miazVao: ’’Chinese-style cotton-padded jacket<sup>11</sup></p>
<p>hěshi: ’’to fit; to be suitable, to be appropriate<sup>1</sup>，</p>
<p>Zhěijiān yīfu hěn hěshi, bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This garment fits well, it<sup>1</sup>s</p>
<p>da yě bu xiǎo, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;neither too large nor too</p>
<p>small.</p>
<p>Nǐ chuān zhěige yansě bu tai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That color doesn’t look right</p>
<p>hěshi, huan (yi)jiān biěde ba. on you, try a different one.</p>
<p>FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART III</p>
<p>Beijing. A man (A) goes to a tailor shop to have some clothes made.</p>
<p>(E) is the tailor.</p>
<p>A: Wo yao zuo jījian yīfu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>dl like to have some clothes made.</p>
<p>B: Xing a. Nin yao zuo shěnme- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, what kind of clothes do you</p>
<p>yangrde yīfu? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;want to have made?</p>
<p>A: Eng, wo yao zuo liǎngtao xīzhuāng, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I,d like to have two Western-</p>
<p>yitao chūntian chuānde， yitao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;style suits made, one to wear</p>
<p>dongtian chuānde• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in the spring and one to wear</p>
<p>in the winter.</p>
<p>B: Hao. Women shěr you hěn du5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All right. We have many kinds of</p>
<p>zhong liaozi. Nin xihuan zuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cloth here. What kind of cloth</p>
<p>něizhong liaozide? Zhěizhong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;do you like to wear? This kind</p>
<p>liaozi zuo chūntian chuānde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of cloth would look very good</p>
<p>xīzhuāng hěn hao kan. Nin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as a spring suit. Take a look</p>
<p>kankan nin xihuan bu xihuan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and see if you like it.</p>
<p>A: 0， hěn hao kan. Jiū zuo yitao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, it's very attractive. Make</p>
<p>zhěizhong liāozide ba. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;one suit of this cloth.</p>
<p>B: Nin kan, zhěizhong liaozi zuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What do you think of this cloth</p>
<p>dSngtian chuānde xīzhuāng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for the winter suit? Nice, isn<sup>f</sup>t</p>
<p>zenmeyeuig? Bū cuo ba? Hen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it? It<sup>f</sup>s very warm, nuǎnhuo•</p>
<p>A: Liaozi hěn hao, keshi wo bu tai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The cloth is very good, but 工 don<sup>f</sup>t</p>
<p>xihuan zhěizhong yansě. Nfn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;like this color very much. Do</p>
<p>you lan yansede ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you have this in blue?</p>
<p>B: You lan yansěde• Zhěige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, I do. How is this? zěnmeyang?</p>
<p>A: Hao. Zhěige wo hěn xihuan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Good. I like this very much,</p>
<p>Xiěxie ni. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thank you.</p>
<p>SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART III</p>
<p>Taipei. A woman goes to a tailor shop to have some clothes made.</p>
<p>A: Qingwěn, nīmen zhěli zuo bu zuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you make cheongsams and cotton-</p>
<p>qlpāo he mian<sup>f</sup>ao? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;padded coats here?</p>
<p>B: Women 2'uo, zuo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, we do, we do.</p>
<p>A: Wo xiang yong zhě liangkuai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I'd like to use these two pieces</p>
<p>liaozi zuo yijian qipao han* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of material to make a cheongsam</p>
<p>yfjian miěn^So. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and a cotton-padded coat.</p>
<p>&quot;han:~A common pronunciation in Taiwan for the character hě，’,and,’ or &quot;with.”</p>
<p>B: Qipao yao zuo changde haishi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you want the cheongsam long or</p>
<p>duande? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;short?</p>
<p>A: Yao zuo changde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Long.</p>
<p>B: Wo kankan nide liaozi you &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let me have a look at hov much mater-</p>
<p>duoshao ba. Zhěikuai kěyi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ial you have. With this piece you</p>
<p>zuo changde. Něikuai zhī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;can make a long one. With that</p>
<p>kěyi zuo duǎnde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;piece you can only make a short one.</p>
<p>A: Na Jiu yong něikuai zuo mian'ao, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Then use that piece to make the</p>
<p>yong zhěikuai zuo qipao. Kěyi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cotton-padded coat and use that</p>
<p>ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;piece to make the cheongsam* Will</p>
<p>that be all right?</p>
<p>B: Kěyi, kěyi, Něikuai liaozi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sure. That piece of material is</p>
<p>zuo mian<sup>f</sup>ǎo hěn hěshi. Qlpāo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;very suitable for making a</p>
<p>yao zuo shěnme yangzide? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cotton-padded coat. What style</p>
<p>do you want the cheongsam?</p>
<p>A: Wo xǐhuan wo shēnshang chuānde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I like the one I have on. Can you</p>
<p>zhěijiān, Ni kě bu kěyi zhao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;make it according to the style</p>
<p>zhěijiānde yangzi zuo? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of this one?</p>
<p>M: Kěyi, Xianzai wo gěi ni liang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. Nov I<sup>1</sup>11 take, your measure-</p>
<p>chīcun, hao bu hǎo? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ments, okay?</p>
<p>Unit &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2， Vocabulary</p>
<p>b4<sub>0</sub> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be thin; to be light (of clothing)</p>
<p>chang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be long</p>
<p>chěnshān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shirt，tlouse</p>
<p>chǐcun (chǐcun) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;measurement; size</p>
<p>chuān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to put on, to wear</p>
<p>dai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to put on, to wear (glasses, gloves,</p>
<p>a hat, a watch, Jewelry, etc.)</p>
<p>dayī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;overcoat</p>
<p>-dǐng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for hats)</p>
<p>fuzhuāngdian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;clothing store</p>
<p>ganbufu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cadre suit</p>
<p>gou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be enough</p>
<p>han &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and (Taiwan pronunciation)</p>
<p>he &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and</p>
<p>hěshi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to fit; to be suitable</p>
<p>hou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be thick; to be heavy (of</p>
<p>clothing)</p>
<p>huai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be bad; to go bad, to break</p>
<p>jiaJcě(r) OR jiākě(r) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jacket</p>
<p>-jian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for clothing)</p>
<p>kuzi (yitiao) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pants</p>
<p>liang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to measure</p>
<p>liaozi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;material， fabric</p>
<p>māoyī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sweater</p>
<p>maozi (yīding) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hat</p>
<p>mian<sup>1</sup>So &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cotton-padded jacket</p>
<p>na &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;then, in that case</p>
<p>něiku &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;underpants</p>
<p>něiyī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;underwear (undershirts, undershorts,</p>
<p>briefs, slips， bras, etc-); just undershirt (when used in contrast to něikū, underpants)</p>
<p>nllong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nylon</p>
<p>pixie &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;leather shoes</p>
<p>po &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be worn out; to break, to tear</p>
<p>qjp£<sub>0</sub> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;close-fitting woman<sup>1</sup> s dress with high</p>
<p>neck and slit skirt; cheongsam qū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to go</p>
<p>qunzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;skirt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;.</p>
<p>shěnmeyāng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;like what, what kind</p>
<p>shēnshang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;on one’s body</p>
<p>-shuāng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;P<sup>a</sup>ir</p>
<p>shūbao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;book bag, tote bag, carryall</p>
<p>shuiyi (yitao) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pajamas; nightgown</p>
<p>_tao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for suits, sets of things)</p>
<p>-tiāo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for long, winding things;</p>
<p>counter for pants, translated &quot;pair”） tuoxiě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;slippers</p>
<p>waitao(r) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;coat, jacket (that extends below</p>
<p>the waist)</p>
<p>wāng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to forget</p>
<p>vazi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;socks</p>
<p>xiě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shoe</p>
<p>xīzhuāng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Western-style clothes; Western-style</p>
<p>suit</p>
<p>xūyao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to need, to require</p>
<p>yangzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;appearance; shape, form; style,</p>
<p>design; pattern</p>
<p>yao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;should; must; it is necessary,</p>
<p>to need to</p>
<p>yīfu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;clothes</p>
<p>yong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to use &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;—</p>
<p>yǔxiě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rainshoes; rubbers, galoshes</p>
<p>yǔyī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;raincoat</p>
<p>zhao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;according to</p>
<p>-zhong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kind, sort</p>
<p>ziji &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;self, oneself (myself, yourself, etc,)</p>
<p>zuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to make; to have made</p>
<p>Personal Welfare Module, Unit 3 Hair Care</p>
<p>PART I</p>
<p>REFERENCE LIST</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jīntiān wo y5u shi，q.ing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I have things to do today, please</p>
<p>ni kuāi yidiǎn jian, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cut [my hair： faster.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Jian duǎn yidian ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you want it cut short?</p>
<p>B: Bu yao jian tai duǎn, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don<sup>f</sup>t cut it too short, leave it</p>
<p>liu chang yidiǎn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a little long.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Liǎngbiān jian duǎn yidian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cut the sides a little shorter, ii. Gou duan le- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>f</sup>s short enough now.</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wo yao xǐ tou. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I want a shampoo.</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wo bu yao you. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don’t want any (hair) oil.</p>
<p>了. Hai you toufa, bū shūfu, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There<sup>f</sup>s still some hair [e.g.， on my</p>
<p>qing ni nong gānjing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;neck] and it<sup>f</sup>s uncomfortable;</p>
<p>yidian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;please clean it up a little,</p>
<p>8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qing gei wo gua yixia huzi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Give me a shave, please• (Literally,</p>
<p>，’Please shave the beard for me.<sup>,f</sup>)</p>
<p>9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ki yao chui běi ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you want your back pounded?</p>
<p>10. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;NT yao anmo ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you want a massage?</p>
<p>11. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nǐmen zhěli you cā_ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Can I get a shoeshine here?</p>
<p>pixiěde ma?</p>
<p>12. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;liu huzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to grow a beard 13• lǐ fa &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to have a haircut 1^. lifadian/lǐfaguan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;barbershop</p>
<p>REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I</p>
<p>you shi: ”to be occupied, to have something to do,” literally, ”to have business.</p>
<p>Nǐ xianzai you &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shi ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are you busy now?</p>
<p>Měi shi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No, I<sup>f</sup>m not busy.</p>
<p>jian: <sup>M</sup>to cut &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(vith a scissors), to clip, to trim” Chinese has several</p>
<p>different words for &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;English <sup>f,</sup>to cut” depending on the method of cutting.</p>
<p>Jiǎn only refers to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cutting with a scissors or clipper•</p>
<p>bu yao: ”don*t丨<sup>1</sup> In Transportation Module, Un t 3，you learned biě for &quot;donH” in negative commands. Bu yao means the same thing.</p>
<p>liSng~biān: ”two sides, both sides” In English it is enough to say just <sup>,f</sup>the sides&quot; and to add <sup>lf</sup>two<sup>ff</sup> or &quot;both” seems superfluous, but liSng is necessary in Chinese. Perhaps this is because Chinese has no way of indicating plural, as does the £ in English, <sup>f,</sup>the side^.&quot;</p>
<p>Gou duan le: &quot;It’s short enough now<sup>ft</sup> There are two things to notice in this short sentence: (1) In English we say &quot;short enough,<sup>11</sup> but in Chinese you say literally &quot;enough short<sup>11</sup>; in other words, gou is used as an adverb to modify the adjectival verb duan. (2) le here indicates a nev state of affairs: before, the hair wasn<sup>f</sup>t short enough, but now it is. Thus le_ can be rendered into English by the word <sup>11</sup> now. <sup>M</sup></p>
<p>xǐ tou： <sup>M</sup>to wash the hair” Tou is literally &quot;head，” but in many cases actually refers to the hair. In most Chinese &quot;barbershops a shampoo after the haircut is standard procedure, and you would not have to specify that you vant one. (Xǐ tou is translated as ’’to shampoo/<sup>1</sup> Liquid shampoo is called xǐfajing, ^wash-hair-essence•<sup>n</sup>)</p>
<p>Notice that Wo yao xǐ tou has been translated idiomatically as ”1 want a shampoo,” although literally xi tou is a verb-object &quot;to vash the head/<sup>1</sup> Many Chinese phrases made up of a verb plus object are ambiguous as to who performs the action. You might have been tempted to translate Wo yao xi tou as &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;— <sup>11</sup>1 want to wash the hair,” &quot;but in this context the sentence actually means <sup>11</sup>1 want to have (my) hair washed，’，that is, by someone else (the barber). The context should tell you which meaning is intended. Another example:</p>
<p>I am going to wash clothes.</p>
<p>Wo qu xǐ yīfu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;OP</p>
<p>I am going to have clothes washed.</p>
<p>Usually you won't have any trouble deciding which the speaker means; the situation or other things the speaker says will make it clear.</p>
<p>you: Literally, &quot;oil,” this word may be used in a looser sense to refer to all sorts of liquid preparations applied to the hair by hand (e.g., Vitalis).</p>
<p>The specific word for <sup>M</sup>hair oil” is fayou or touyou.</p>
<p>Hai y5u tSufa.*.: This is the sentence to say when the barber leaves bits of hair on your neck. The average person would gesture to his neck and say this sentence.</p>
<p>shūfu: &quot;to be comfortable; to feel good”</p>
<p>Zhěige y?zi 2hen shūfu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This chair is really comfortable.</p>
<p>Zhěige xiao fēng hao shūfu a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This breeze (&quot;little wind”） feels so</p>
<p>good!</p>
<p>Bu shūfu can either mean <sup>,!</sup>to be uncomfortable&quot; or &quot;not to be well,&quot; that is, to feel ill.</p>
<p>A: W^ng Xiaojie wěishěnme &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Why didn<sup>f</sup>t Miss Wāng come today?</p>
<p>Jīntiān měi lai?</p>
<p>B: Ta jīntiān bu shūfu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She doesn’t feel well today,</p>
<p>n5ng: An extremely versatile verb because it has such a general meaning: &quot;to do/manage/handle/malce.<sup>M</sup> Nong often substitutes for a more specific vert. Also pronounced long or neng.</p>
<p>WS qū nong fan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>1</sup>11 go get the meal ready.</p>
<p>Wo qu nong něige. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I'll go take care of that.</p>
<p>W5 zij? nong &quot;ba. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let me dc it myself.</p>
<p>Biě nong něixie shiqing. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don't mess around vith that sort of</p>
<p>thing.</p>
<p>Tā nongle hen du5 qian- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He came up with a lot of money•</p>
<p>But in the Reference List sentence, nong is used in an even more common way, meaning ”to make (someone/something a certain way)” or ”to get (someone/ something into a certain condition).<sup>1</sup>’ Other examples:</p>
<p>nSngganJing: &quot;to make/get something clean<sup>u</sup> nonghuai: <sup>f,</sup>to break, to put out of order, to ruin&quot; nōngpo: &quot;to tear, to break&quot;</p>
<p>guā huzi: <sup>,f</sup>to shave<sup>11</sup>, literally, <sup>,T</sup>to scrape the beard.” The verbotject phrase gua huzi， like x? tou in Reference List Sentence No. 5， may be translated in either of two ways depending on the context: either ,’to shave (someone)” or &quot;to have someone shave oneself.”</p>
<p>gěi vS gua huzi: <sup>11</sup> shave me” Gěi is the prepositional verb meaning <sup>11</sup> for. When you have a verb-o*bJect phrase like gua huzi you indicate the person upon whom the action is performed by using a gěi phrase.</p>
<p>Qing ni g?i vo x? tou. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Please vash my hair for me (i.e.,</p>
<p>I &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;give me a shampoo).</p>
<p>chui běi: <sup>11</sup> to pound (someone^) back<sup>11</sup> as in massage. Rarbert; in China often provide this service after the haircut. Here once ap;ain，chui bei is a verb-object phrase vith the same ambiguity as xl tou and p、uā huzi: it—may mean &quot;to pound someone <sup>f</sup>s back<sup>11</sup> or ”to have one<sup>1</sup> s back pounded.</p>
<p>Again, the context determines the interpretation. When the barber asks you Nǐ yao chui běi ma?, you can safely assume that he is offering to pound your back rather than asking you to pound his.</p>
<p>anmo: This is the noun ’’massage•” In recent years, an increasing number of barbershops in Taiwan, Hong Kon^, and a few in the PRC have added massage to their list of services. Chinese medical clinics and hospitals also give therapeutic massage.</p>
<p>cā pixie: <sup>fl</sup>to shine shoes/to have one<sup>1</sup> s shoes shined” (Cā is ]iter-ally, to wipe, to rub,) Once again, there is potential ambiguity as to who is the performer of the action. Also note that Chinese must use the verb-object; there is no noun corresponding to English &quot;a shoeshine.<sup>,f</sup> The translation of the Reference List sentence using <sup>n</sup>a shoeshine&quot; ir&gt; idiomatic. Literally the sentence means, &quot;Is there someone who shines shoes here?&quot;</p>
<p>Cā pixiěde is a noun phrase meaning &quot;someone who shines shoes, a shoeshiner.<sup>M</sup></p>
<p>liu huzi: <sup>lf</sup>to grow a beard,&quot; literally liu, ’’to leave, to let be,<sup>n</sup> and huzi beard, mustache,</p>
<p>FIRST DIALOGUE FOB PABT I</p>
<p>Taipei. A Chinese man (A) valks into a barbershop and sits down in a &quot;barber’s chair. The barber is B and the shoeshine boy is C.</p>
<p>B: Jiǎnduǎn yidiǎn ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you want it a little shorter?</p>
<p>A: Bū, vo yao liu chāng yidian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I vant to leave it a little long.</p>
<p>B: Hao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All right-</p>
<p>A: Nǐmen zhěli you meiyou cā pixiěde? Do you have someone who shines shoes</p>
<p>here?</p>
<p>B: You， you. Ē， zhěvei xiānshēng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, we do. (to the shoeshine boy)</p>
<p>yao cā pxxiě, kuai lai! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hey, this gentlemen vants to have</p>
<p>his shoes shined, come quickly!</p>
<p>C: Hao! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay!</p>
<p>(Ten minutes later)</p>
<p>B: Xiānshēng, n? kankan houbian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sir， take a look at how the back is,</p>
<p>zenmeyang, hai yao bu yao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;do you vant more off? zai jiǎn yidiǎn?</p>
<p>A: Bu yao le, houbian hěn hao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No, the back is fine. As for the</p>
<p>Liangbian me.•• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sides•••</p>
<p>B: Liǎngbiān changle yidian? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The sides are a little long?</p>
<p>A: Liǎngbiān yě hěn hǎo. Jiū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The sides are okay, too. Just leave</p>
<p>zhěyangzi bai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it this way.</p>
<p>B: Hao.</p>
<p>(A fev minutes later)</p>
<p>B: Gěi nJ chui yixia běi zenmeyang? Pound your back for you?</p>
<p>A: Bu bi le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That’s not necessary.</p>
<p>NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE</p>
<p>Liǎngbiān me: me indicates hesitation, indecision or consideration. It is translated here by the words &quot;as for.<sup>11</sup></p>
<p>SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I</p>
<p>A barbershop in Běijīng. An American goes into a medium-sized barbershop. After sitting for a while in the waiting area, his number is called, he pays his fee to the cashier, and then sits down in a barber's chair. Since the American has been here three times before, the barber and he are already acquainted.</p>
<p>B: Hěi! Nin zhě tou* gou changde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hey, this hair of yours is getting</p>
<p>le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;avfully long!</p>
<p>A: Zhěiliǎngge yuě tai mang, měi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I*ve been two busy the past couple</p>
<p>shīJiān na! Duǎn yidianr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of months, I haven<sup>1</sup>1 had any time!</p>
<p>ba! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cut it short for me, okay?</p>
<p>B: Xing a! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sure!</p>
<p>B: Zhěi houbianr gou duan le, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It's short enough in back. How about liarxgbiānr zenmeyang? Duo liu the sides? How about leaving them yidianr hao bu hǎo? a little long? '</p>
<p>A: Bu yao liu le，nin jiū jian. ba. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don’t leave them long, <sub>t</sub>1ust cut</p>
<p>them.</p>
<p>Ē： Xianzai zěnmeyāng? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How is it now?</p>
<p>A: Bū cuo!* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pretty good!</p>
<p>B: Na, dao neibianr zuo, wo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Then, have a seat over there and gěi nin xi tou. I'll give you a shampoo.</p>
<p>A: Hao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All right.</p>
<p>B: Yao diǎnr you ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Want some oil?</p>
<p>A: Bu yao, bu yao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No, I don<sup>f</sup>t.</p>
<p>B: Guāgua huzi ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How about a shave?</p>
<p>A: Bu yong le, duo xiě nin, huzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That<sup>1</sup>s not necessary, thank you.</p>
<p>wo zijī gua ba! Nin gei wo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I'll shave myself! Just clean up</p>
<p>bǎ toufa nonggǎnjingle jiu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the hairs for me and that will be</p>
<p>xing le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all right.</p>
<p>B: Hao, Xianzai shūfu le ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, does that feel better?</p>
<p>A: Shūfu du5 le. Xiěxie ninl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Much better. Thank you!</p>
<p>B: Bu keqi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You•re welcome.</p>
<p>NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE</p>
<p>měi shi jian na: Na is a contraction of n£ and a_.</p>
<p>*bu cuo: &quot;not &quot;bad, pretty good” &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;（MTG 2)</p>
<p>dao neibianr zuo: The £u is omitted from this phrase.</p>
<p>PART II</p>
<p>REFERENCE LIST</p>
<p>15. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Mingtiān wo yao zuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I want to have my hair done tomorrow；</p>
<p>toufa, wo xūyao yuyuē &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;do I need to make an appointment?</p>
<p>ma?</p>
<p>B: Bu xūyao, wanshang bādian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No. If you come before eight in</p>
<p>zhong yīqiān lai jiu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the evening there won’t be any</p>
<p>měi věnti. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;problem.</p>
<p>16. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Ni yao jian duōshao? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov much do you vant cut off?</p>
<p>B: Wo yao jiǎn vufēn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I want five fēn cut off.</p>
<p>1了， Hěishi you diǎn chang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It's still a little long.</p>
<p>l8• Yao bu yao shiyishi liu chang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you want to try leaving it a</p>
<p>yidian? Wo xiang yiding &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;little longer? I’m sure it</p>
<p>hāo kan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vill look good*</p>
<p>19. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wo xiang tang toufa. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>1</sup>d like to get a permanent.</p>
<p>20. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Ni yao Juan toufa ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you want to have your hair</p>
<p>curled?</p>
<p>B: Bu yao, chuigan jiu kěyi le. No， just blow-dry it and that will</p>
<p>be fine.</p>
<p>21. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shii tou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to comb/brush one<sup>f</sup>s hair REFERENCE NOTES ON PABT II</p>
<p>zuo toufa: <sup>f</sup>’to do hair” or <sup>n</sup>to have one’s hair done&quot; (See the Reference Notes for Part 工 on xǐ tou, guā huzi, chui běi, cā pixie.)</p>
<p>yuyuě: ，，to make an appointment<sup>,f</sup> literally <sup>IT</sup>beforehand make-an-appointment.” This is relatively nev PRC usage; this vord used to have only the meanings ’’a preliminary agreement” or，’to pre-order a book which has not yet been published.” In Taiwan (or the PRC for that natter), you may use instead the phrase xian yuē yige sh£jiān, ”to arrange a time beforehand.” Appointments are not generally required or accepted in barbershops and beauty parlors in the PRC or Taiwan.</p>
<p>věnti: &quot;problem” or ’’question•’，Měi (you) venti is just like the English &quot;no problem.<sup>n</sup> In addition to its literal meaning of <sup>M</sup>There is no</p>
<p>prcTblem,” měi věnti can also &quot;be used to assure someone that you are extending a favor gladly.</p>
<p>Ke bu kěyi qlng ni gěi wo wen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Could you please ask about this</p>
<p>zhěijiān shi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;matter for me? .</p>
<p>Měi věnti. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No problem.</p>
<p>fēn: A Chinese unit of length equal to 1/3 of a centimeter, or slightly more than 1/8 of an inch. Fēn originally meant ’’one tenth.<sup>f?</sup> You have also seen it meaning &quot;one cent*，(1/10 of a dime, mao). As a unit of length, fēn is one tenth of a Chinese inch (cun). We have drawn a ruler marking off cun (&quot;inches”） and fēn so that you can contrast it with our American (British) inch.</p>
<p>o &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2 cun</p><h3>1111111111111 ri I iTrlri <sup>,e</sup>'<sup>n</sup></h3>
<p>0 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3</p>
<p>j-j-j-J English inches</p>
<p>you dian: Used before a state verb, you (yi)dian means <sup>f</sup>’a little, slightly, as in:</p>
<p>you yidiǎn re &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a little hot</p>
<p>you yidian nan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a little difficult</p>
<p>The use of you yidian deserves your special attention, since English speakers learning Chinese tend to make the mistake of saying yidian nan (which is incorrect) for ’，a little difficult<sup>fl</sup> instead of the correct form ySu yidian nan. Remember to put in that you?</p>
<p>shiyishi: <sup>n</sup>to try, to give it a try&quot; Shi is <sup>n</sup>to try” in the sense of &quot;to experiment.” It does not mean <sup>,f</sup>try&quot; in the sense of &quot;to make an effort<sup>n</sup> to do something.</p>
<p>yiding: &quot;certainly, surely, for sure, definite(ly)<sup>11</sup> Literally, sentence 18 means I think it will surely be good-looking,<sup>lf</sup> which can be translated more smoothly as <sup>n</sup>I<sup>T</sup>m sure it will look good. The phrase <sup>tf</sup>I<sup>f</sup>m sure • • •” will often translate into Chinese as W5 xiang • • • yiding • . . ， for example:</p>
<p>Wo xiǎng nx yiding xihuan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I*m sure you<sup>1</sup>11 like it.</p>
<p>Wo xiang ta yiding lai* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I’m sure he<sup>1</sup>11 come.</p>
<p>tang toufa: ”to get a permanent” The use of the verb tang for ”to get a permanent&quot; has an interesting background and shows how Chinese adapts words already in the language rather than borrow from other languages. Tang originally meant (and still does) ,，to scald<sup>11</sup> or ”to apply heat to，，something.</p>
<p>For example <sub>5</sub> tang yīfu means ”to iron clothes•” The earliest methods for giving a permanent wave used heated curlers; in fact, today in Běijīng (as in other parts of the world) electrically heated curlers are still used in one type of permanent called dian tang, &quot;electric permanent•’， After the introduction of chemical permanents, the verb tang continued to be used, even though no heat is applied in the new process. Chemical permanents are called lěng tang, &quot;cold permanent.<sup>u</sup></p>
<p>juǎn: <sup>,!</sup>to curl, to roll up<sup>ff</sup> You will find this verb used in many contexts, not just in the area of hair styling. It is the all-purpose vord for rolling or curling ribbons, paper, pastry, and building materials. CCurly hair is juǎnfa， straight hair is zhifa&gt;]</p>
<p>chuīgān: &quot;to &quot;blow-dry” Chui is <sup>M</sup>to blow, to puff” and gān is the adjectival verb to be dry.<sup>M</sup> These two verbs used together to form a compound which indicates both the action and the result: &quot;to blow until dry” or ’’to blow vith the result that (something) becomes dry.&quot;</p>
<p>Chuigan and the English word &quot;blow-dry,&quot; look as if they are exactly parallel, but they are not. In English you can leave off the word <sup>,f</sup>blow<sup>ff</sup> and just say &quot;to dry someone<sup>1</sup> s hair，<sup>1</sup>’ whereas in Chinese you cannot use gan to mean the action of drying something, only the state of being dry. You always need to use another verb with gān in order to tell the action which caused the drying. For example, cagan means ”to wipe (something) dry.&quot;</p>
<p>FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II</p>
<p>A Canadian woman (C) valks into the Běijīng Hotel hairdresser<sup>1</sup> s. First she talks with the cashier in front (A)， Later the hairdresser (B) calls her.</p>
<p>C: Jīntiān rěn zhěme du5, wo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There are so many people today. I<sup>f</sup>ll</p>
<p>mingtiān zai lai ba. Qǐng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;just come back tomorrow. May I</p>
<p>wen, wo ke bu kěyi yuyuē? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ask, can I make an appointment?</p>
<p>A: Bu bi yuyuě, nin děng shifen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No need to, there will be a seat if</p>
<p>zhong jiu you difang le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you just wait ten minutes.</p>
<p>B: Qing zuo. Nin xiang zenme zuo? Have a seat, please. How would you Yao bu yao Jiǎn duan yidianr? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;like it done? Do you vant it cut</p>
<p>a little shorter?</p>
<p>c： Wo xiang wode toufa you yidianr I think my hair is a little long, chāng le, zui hao jiSnyiJian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>d better have it cut a little.</p>
<p>B: Jian duSshao? Wǔfenr gou bu gou? How much? Is five fen enough?</p>
<p>C: Wǔfēnr? ”Wǔfēnr” shi shěnme yisi? Five fen? What does &quot;five fen&quot; mean?</p>
<p>B: 0， wufēnr jiu shi zhěme yidianr. Oh, five fen is this much. (Holds her</p>
<p>thumb and index finger five fen apart•)</p>
<p>C: Ou, jian wǔfenr hao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, (it would be good to) cut off</p>
<p>five fen.</p>
<p>B: Hao, women xiān gěi nin xǐ tou, All right, first ve’ll give you a Jianduan, ranhou zai zuo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shampoo and cut, and then set it.</p>
<p>C: Hǎode. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fine.</p>
<p>B: Nin yao tang haishi yao Juan? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you want to have a permanent or</p>
<p>do you want to have it curled?</p>
<p>B: Wo bu xǐhuan tang, jiū juan- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don<sup>f</sup>t like permanents• Just curl</p>
<p>yijuan hao le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it a little.</p>
<p>B: Hao, jiu juanyijuan, chuigan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, 1*11 just curl it and blow-dry.</p>
<p>You shihour tang toufa yě hěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sometimes a permanent looks very</p>
<p>hao kan. Xiayici nin kěyi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;good, too. Next time you can try ,</p>
<p>shiyishi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;one.</p>
<p>C: Hǎo, xiāci wo shiyishi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, next time I<sup>1</sup>11 give it a try.</p>
<p>(Afterwards, the woman gets up and the barber takes her to the cashier at</p>
<p>the front of the shop.)</p>
<p>B: Xǐ tou yikuāi qian, jiǎn tou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A dollar for a shampoo， a dollar and</p>
<p>yikuāi wǔ, juan fa wǔ kuāi wǔ， &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a half for a cut， five fifty for</p>
<p>chuigan yikuāi wǔ, o, yigong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the set, a dollar and a half for</p>
<p>shi jiukuai wumao qian, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;blow drying, um，altogether that<sup>1</sup>s</p>
<p>nine fifty.</p>
<p>C: Zhěr shi shikuai, bu yong zhao le. Here<sup>1</sup>s ten dollars, keep the change.</p>
<p>B: Bu, zhao nin vumāo qian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No, here<sup>f</sup>s fifty cents change.</p>
<p>C: Zāijiān. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Good-bye.</p>
<p>B: Zāijiān. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Good-bye•</p>
<p>NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE</p>
<p>Tipping is not permitted in the PRC. This is why the barber insists on</p>
<p>giving the woman her change.</p>
<p>SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II</p>
<p>Taipei. A woman student about to have &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;her hair done is talking with the</p>
<p>hairdresser.</p>
<p>A: Xiaojie， ni yao zuo shěnme yang- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What style do you want it, Miss? zide tou?</p>
<p>B: Vo měiyou zuoguo toufa, měici &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>1</sup>ve never had my hair done before,</p>
<p>d5u shi xǐyixi, jianyijian, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;every time I’ve just had it washed,</p>
<p>chuīgān Jiu hao le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cut and blow-dried, and that<sup>1</sup>s it.</p>
<p>A: Zhěici yao bu yao shiyishi ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Would you like to try this time?</p>
<p>B: Vo xiang wo juan toufa dagai bū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I think I probably wouldn't look</p>
<p>hao kan, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;good with my hair curled.</p>
<p>(A shows B a photograph,)</p>
<p>A: Xiǎojiě， nǐ kan, zhěge yangzi hen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Miss, look, this sample is very</p>
<p>hǎo kande, zhi juan yidiǎndian, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pretty. It's only a little curled,</p>
<p>nx yao bu yao shi yixia? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Would you like to give it a try?</p>
<p>B: Hao, wo shi yixia. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, I'll give it a try.</p>
<p>A: Vo xiang nǐ yiding xǐhuan. • ♦ • &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sure you'll like it... . Well,</p>
<p>.Ka wo jiu bu jian le, toufa &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;then, I wonH cut it. The set will</p>
<p>chang yidiǎn zuode hǎo kan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;look better if the hair is a little</p>
<p>long.</p>
<p>B: Hao, xiěxie ni. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thank you.</p>
<p>A: Eu kěqi* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You，re welcome.</p>
<p>NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE</p>
<p>hen hǎo kande: The 一de here means &quot;that's how it is•” This usage is</p>
<p>typical of southern dialects.</p>
<p>yidiandiǎn: ”a very little &quot;bit”，less than yidiǎn.</p>
<p>Unit 3， Vocabulary</p>
<p>anmo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;massage</p>
<p>bū yao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;don*t &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;.</p>
<p>cā &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to rub, to wipe</p>
<p>chui běi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to pound (someone*s) back</p>
<p>chuīgan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to blow-dry (with a dryer)</p>
<p>fen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;one tenth of a Chinese inch (cun)</p>
<p>gānjing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be clean</p>
<p>gua &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to scrape</p>
<p>guā huzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to shave (the beard)</p>
<p>hūzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;beard OR mustache</p>
<p>jiSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to cut (vith scissors)</p>
<p>Ju5n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to curl, to roll up</p>
<p>liǎngbiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;both sides, two sides</p>
<p>liu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to remain, to stay; to keep, to save;</p>
<p>to grow, to let grow; to leave</p>
<p>liu huzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to grow a beard or mustache</p>
<p>měi went! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;no problem</p>
<p>nong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to do, to handle, to manage, to make</p>
<p>nong gānj ing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to clean up</p>
<p>shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to try &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;—</p>
<p>shi(yi)shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to give it a try</p>
<p>shǔfu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be comfortable</p>
<p>shǔ t6u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to &quot;brush or comb hair</p>
<p>tang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to get a permanent</p>
<p>toufa &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hair (on the head)</p>
<p>went! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;question, problem</p>
<p>xl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to wash</p>
<p>xl tou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to shampoo, to get a shampoo</p>
<p>yiding &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;certainly, surely, for sure</p>
<p>y6u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;oil, grease</p>
<p>y5u shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be occupied， to be busy,</p>
<p>to have things to do</p>
<p>you (yi)diǎn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a little bit, somewhat</p>
<p>to make an appointment (PRC)</p>
<p>zu5 toufa &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to do one<sup>f</sup>s hair, to have one<sup>f</sup>s hair</p>
<p>done</p>
<p>Personal Welfare Module， Unit b In the Home</p>
<p>PART I</p>
<p>REFERENCE LIST</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yanjing gin zhipiaoben d5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I have both my glasses and checkbook ： dai le. with me (on me).</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Xiaoběnzi zai wo xīzhuāng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;My notebook is in my suit ~koudaili. pocket•</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ZhaoxiāngjI zai xiSngzili. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;My camera is in the suitcase.</p>
<p>U. Ni daile yige luyinjl, dui &quot;bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You have a tape recorder with you,</p>
<p>dui? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;don<sup>f</sup>t you?</p>
<p>5- Wǒ měi dai shoushi lai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I didn<sup>f</sup>t brin^ any jewelry with me.</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nǐ bǎ nǐ daide dōngxi d5u xiě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Did you write everything you have ' zai shenbāodānshang le ma? with you on your declaration?</p>
<p>7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;； Wo daile ěrshijuan iuyīndai &gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I have twenty reels of recording</p>
<p>tape with me.</p>
<p>8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wo zhldao hen duo Zhongguo funu I knew that a lot of Chinese vomen</p>
<p>bu dai shSushi， suoyi wo yě měi don’t wear jewelry, so I didn't dai shoushi lai, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bring any either.</p>
<p>9* Qing nlC ba xiangzi dakai gěi wo Please open your suitcase and let kankan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;me take a look.</p>
<p>10. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Měi shi le« &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Everything is all right OF There's</p>
<p>no further business.</p>
<p>11. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ni yao daide dōngxi d5u yubei- Have you got all the things you want</p>
<p>hǎo le ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to take vith you ready?</p>
<p>12. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zhīpiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;check (as in personal check)</p>
<p>^ REFERENCE NOTES ON PABT I</p>
<p>yanjing: ”eyeglasses&quot; Don<sup>f</sup>t mix this up with yanjing, <sup>n</sup>eye.<sup>,f</sup> In B?ijing speech these words are pronounced yanjxngr (&quot;eyeglasses&quot;) and yanjing (<sup>?,</sup>eye<sup>,f</sup>), keeping them even more distinct from each other.</p>
<p>zhlpiaoběn: &quot;checkbook” Zhīpiao is a ”check,&quot; literally ”pay-ticket.<sup>w</sup> Běn(r) is a booklet•</p>
<p>dai: &quot;to &quot;bring” This word sounds exactly like another you learned in Unit 2， dli’ &quot;to wear， to put on (glasses， gloves, a hat, a wristvatch， jewelry, etc.)/， They are different words, however, written Vith different characters (带 for ”to bring&quot; and 戴 for &quot;to wear”）. The translation of the first Reference List sentence is idiomatic; we would say ,,I have • • • with me” or ”1 have • • . on me” when Chinese says literally, ”1 have brought ”</p>
<p>• • • ♦</p>
<p>xiǎoběnzi: &quot;notebook,<sup>11</sup> literally &quot;small book,” In Reference List sentence No. 2, xiaoběnzi is translated specifically as &quot;address book.<sup>11</sup> Actually, the word is more neutral in meaning (’’notebook, booklet<sup>n</sup>), but picks up the specific translation from the context.</p>
<p>xiangzi: &quot;box, trunk, case’<sup>1</sup> Xiangzi corresponds to the English <sup>,T</sup>suit-case,” while xlngli is the equivalent of luggage•<sup>M</sup></p>
<p>shēnbāodǎn: <sup>ff</sup>declaration form<sup>11</sup> Shenbao is the verb &quot;to report to a higher body, to declare something at customs. <sup>1</sup> Dan is the noun meaning &quot;bill, list, note.<sup>11</sup></p>
<p>xiě zai shenbaodanshang: ”write it on the dec],' -ion form” Notice that the place phrase (zāi~ . . shang) is placed ar匕er the verb here, rather than in its usual place before the verb. When the location tells vhere the result of the activity is supposed to end up, that location phrase may appear after the verb (a position where other &quot;results” also show up). Compare these two sentences:</p>
<p>Zai zhuSzishang xiě zi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Write (with paper) on the desk.</p>
<p>Bu yao xiě zai zhuōzishang! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don<sup>f</sup>t vrite on the desk! (Said to a</p>
<p>child making marks on the table.)</p>
<p>funu: <sup>M</sup>women^ vomankind” This the term for &quot;women’，in the general sense• The^term nurěn is less polite and more biological: <sup>,f</sup>female•&quot; (In Taiwan, funu refers only to married women. Nude may be used for &quot;women, voman•”)</p>
<p>Wo zhidao hěn du5 Zhongguo fūnu bu dai shoushi， suoyi vo yě měi dai shoushi lai: The first verb dai means ”to wear，<sup>1</sup>’ and the second verb dai is <sup>ff</sup>to &quot;bring with one, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•</p>
<p>ba xiangzi dakai gěi vo kankan: &quot;open the suitcase for me to take a look<sup>n</sup> or open the suitcase and let me take a look&quot;， You have learned gěi as a main verb &quot;to give*' and as a prepositional vert meaning &quot;for&quot; (Q^ng ni gei vo huanhuan, ’’Please change it for me”）. In Reference List sentence No. 9 you see gěi used in a longer type of sentence. Compare the following</p>
<p>examples:</p>
<p>ba xiangzi dǎkai gěi vo kankan open the suitcase for me to take a</p>
<p>look</p>
<p>nian gěi vSmen tīngting &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;read it aloud for us to listen</p>
<p>mai něidJng maozi gěi tā dai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;buy that hat to give to her to wear</p>
<p>zuo něige diǎnxīn gěi halzi chī make that pastry for the child to eat</p>
<p>When gei comes after the verb, it can mean either ”to give” or ”for，let.<sup>1</sup>'</p>
<p>For example, Ba něiběn shǔ nachulai gěi vo kankan could mean either ”Take out the book and (actually) give it to me to look at,” OR ”Take out the book for me to see (show it to me, not necessarily hand it to me).” The context vill help you decide which is meant; often, only one will make sense.</p>
<p>CAUTION: Although gěi is sometimes idiomatically translated as ”to let,&quot; you should not take this to mean that English &quot;to let’<sup>1</sup> may always be translated into Chinese vith gěi* There is a very limited correspondence &quot;between ’’let” and gěi• Usually you vill translate <sup>T</sup>’to let” as rang, which is introduced in Unit 6, Part III， of this module.</p>
<p>Měi shi le: &quot;Everything is all right now” OR ’’There<sup>f</sup>s no further business.” Here, this means ”Nov that I’ve looked over your suitcase I find that there isn*t anything further we need to take up.&quot;</p>
<p>yubeihǎo le: &quot;prepared” You have already learned the word zhunběi，</p>
<p>&quot;to prepare, to get ready<sup>1</sup>’ or ’’to plan to, Yubei is a close synonym.</p>
<p>Yubeihao or zhunběihao both mean ’’to get all ready.<sup>IT</sup> The ending -hao on certain verbs indicates bringing something to a satisfactory conclusion.</p>
<p>FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PAET I</p>
<p>An American voman is going through customs in GuangzhSu (Canton).</p>
<p>M: Ni ba ni daide dōngxi d5u xie &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Did you write everything you have</p>
<p>zai shenbaodanshang le ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vith you on your declaration?</p>
<p>F: Dou xiě le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, I wrote everything.</p>
<p>M: Nī daile yige zhatoxiangjī, yxge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You have a camera, a tape recorder</p>
<p>lūyīnjī, yige sh5uyīnjī， dui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and a radio vith you, don’t you? bu dui?</p><h4>F: Dui le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right,</h4>
<p>WLF, Unit h</p>
<p>■ X</p>
<p>» *</p>
<p>M: Ni daile duSshao Iuyīndai? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How much tape do you have vith you?</p>
<p>F: Wǒ daile ěrshijuan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I have twenty reels vith me..</p>
<p>M: Nǐ daile shoushi měiyou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you have any Jewelry with you?</p>
<p>F: Wo zhīdao hen du5 Zhongguo funu I knew that many Chinese women don<sup>f</sup>t bū dai shoushi, suoyi wo yě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wear jevelry, so I didn’t bring any</p>
<p>měi dai shSushi lai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jewelry either.</p>
<p>M: Nǐ daile duSshao Měijīn? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How much American money do you have</p>
<p>with you?</p>
<p>F: Wo daile sanqian wubaikuai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I have three thousand five hundred</p>
<p>dollars.</p>
<p>M: Qǐng ni ba xiangzi dakai gěi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Please open your suitcase and let us</p>
<p>women kankan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;take a look.</p>
<p>F: Hao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Certainly.</p>
<p>M: Hǎo. Xiěxie ni- Měi shi le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, thank you. Everything is all</p>
<p>Nī kěyi zou le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;right• You may go now.</p>
<p>SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I</p>
<p>A Chinese couple in Taipei are talking just before the husband is to leave</p>
<p>on a trip,</p>
<p>F: Nǐ yao daide d5ngxi d5u yubeihao Have you got all the things you vant le meiyou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to take with you ready?</p>
<p>M: Vo xiang wo d5u yubeihao le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I think I have them all ready. I</p>
<p>Yanjing gin zhīpiāoběn dou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have my glasses and my checkbook</p>
<p>dai le. Xiaoběnzi zai wo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;with me. My address book is in</p><h5>xīzhuāng koudai lǐmian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;my suit pocket.</h5>
<p>F: Nǐ shu5 nī yao zhao xiang.* Nī You said you wanted to take pictures. dai zhāoxiangjī le meiyou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you have your camera with you?</p>
<p>M: Wo dai le. Zai xiāngzili. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. It<sup>1</sup>s in my suitcase.</p>
<p>NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE</p>
<p>•zhao xiang: ’’to take photographs&quot; (WLF 6)</p>
<p>WLF, Unit U</p>
<p>PART II</p>
<p>REFERENCE LIST</p>
<p>lh. Nj zhu fangzi haishi gongyu? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you live in a house or an apart</p>
<p>ment building?</p>
<p>15• Zhěige fangzi yigong you jlge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How many rooms does this house/</p>
<p>fangjian? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;apartment have?</p>
<p>l6. Zhěige fangzi you sanjian v5shi. This house/apartment has three</p>
<p>bedrooms.</p>
<p>IT. WS dai ni kankan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>1</sup>11 take you and shov you,</p>
<p>18. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Women ba fangzi zuchuqu le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We rented out the house/apartment.</p>
<p>19. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WSmen xiǎn dao kětlng zuo yixia, Let's first go and sit in the living</p>
<p>he dian cha. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;room and drink some tea.</p>
<p>20. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhěige fangzi haoxiang hen da. This house/apartment seems very large.</p>
<p>21. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zenme dāde fangzi, gǎo věishēng： It must be a bother to do the</p>
<p>hěn mafan ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cleaning with such a large house.</p>
<p>22. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pingchang Xiao Lltn gen wo yiqx Usually Xiao Lan straightens up the</p>
<p>shSushi vuzi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;place (rooms) with me.</p>
<p>23. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Women dao fantIng chī fan qu ba. Let <sup>f</sup>s go to the dining room and</p>
<p>eat.</p>
<p>2U<sub>#</sub> Wo shi zijx zuo fān. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I do my own cooking.</p>
<p>25. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chūfang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kitchen</p>
<p>26. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xizaofang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bathroom</p>
<p>2了. slńifSiig &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;study, library (of a house)</p>
<p>28. wofang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bedroom (alternate word for voshi)</p>
<p>REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART II</p>
<p>gōngyu: &quot;apartment building,<sup>11</sup> literally ’’public residence’’ In the PRC, the vord gSngyu is seldom used (only in the names of some buildings, and in technical contexts), but in Taiwan it is widely used. <sup>,f</sup>Apartment building’， may be translated as either gSngyu or gSngyulou. Gongyu is sometimes used</p>
<p>•Tnr* on &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;由”</p>
<p>Nǐmende gSngyu you jǐjiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How many rooms does your apartment</p>
<p>fangjiān? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;…</p>
<p>But you would use dānyuan, &quot;unit，” not gōngyu, for ”apartment<sup>11</sup> in</p>
<p>Zhěige gongyulou you du5- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How many apartments are there</p>
<p>shao dānyuan? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in this apartment building?</p>
<p>Although an apartment-dweller vill usually refer in English to his apartment in everyday conversation, Chinese usually just speak of their fangzi. In other words, any type of residencehouse or apartment—can be called a fangzi. Use the word gongyu when you need to distinguish clearly between &quot;apartment<sup>11</sup> and &quot;house.</p>
<p>-jiān: This is the counter for rooms. Don’t confuse it with the falling tone -jian, the counter for articles of clothing, which you learned in WLF 2,</p>
<p>dai: This is the verb you learned meaning <sup>n</sup>to bring (along), to take (along).<sup>11</sup> Here it is used vith the extended meaning of <sup>M</sup>to take” or &quot;lead” someone to a place.</p>
<p>Wo dai ni qu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I’ll take you there.</p>
<p>Xiāwu qǐng ni dai haizi dao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the afternoon, please take the</p>
<p>gongyuan qu vanr• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;children to the park to play.</p>
<p>zūchuqu: <sup>lf</sup>to rent out” The verb zu by itself means <sup>,f</sup>to rent” in the opposite direction, that is, to rent something from the ovner. Contrast:</p>
<p>Wǒ ba fangzi zuchuqu le, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I rented out the house.</p>
<p>Wo zule yige fangzi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I rented a house (to live in)•</p>
<p>kětin^: ''living room，” literally,，，guest-hall,</p>
<p>dao kěting zuo yixia: <sup>n</sup>go to the living room and sit a while” This is roughly the equivalent of dao kětīnR qū zuo yixia. The verb is sometiines omitted after a dao phrase when the meaning of ”go” does not need to be emphasized.</p>
<p>he cha: <sup>f,</sup>to drink tea’， This is not an involved ritual as the Japanese have, but it is not simply the taking of a beverage, either. He cha, in a social setting means talking and relaxing while sipping tea. Books have been written on tea in China, its social significance, and the art of serving it. Ve cannot do justice to the topic in this small note. Let us just leave you with two tips:</p>
<p>1. Except with close friends, don’t turn down &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;</p>
<p>a cup of tea when offered. It is as much a gesture of friendship and a means of communication as it is a &quot;beverage.</p>
<p>2. Don't ask for sugar, lemon or milk. Unless you are in a restaurant ordering it, lemon and milk vill most likely be unavailable. It is a double embarrassment to your host, who may not keep lemon and milk on hand, and who hates to see someone defile the good taste of pure tea.</p>
<p>haoxiang: <sup>11</sup> to seem, it seems as if&quot; Use this word as an adverb, placing it before the verb phrase.</p>
<p>Tā haoxiang bū dong. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He seemed not to understand. OR</p>
<p>He didn’t seem to understand.</p>
<p>Nǐ haoxiang &quot;bu tai xǐhuan zhěige You don’t seem to like this house fangzi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;too much.</p>
<p>Ni haoxiang zai xiang shěnme &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You seeiri to be thinking about</p>
<p>shi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;something.</p>
<p>Tā gēge haoxiang chāngchang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;His older brother seems to get</p>
<p>shēng bing. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sick very often.</p>
<p>Haoxiang is sometimes used merely to express that the speaker thinks a situation is so, but cannot confirm his suspicion. In such sentences, haoxiang is best translated as <sup>M</sup>It seems to me that . • .’’or ”1 think . . .’’or &quot;I seem to remember •. • . Notice that the word order in Chinese stays the same.</p>
<p>Wo haoxiang zai nar kanjianguo It seems to me I<sup>f</sup>ve seen this zhěige 21. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;character somewhere before *</p>
<p>Ni haoxiang gāosuguo wo zhěijiān I seem to remember your telling me shiqing. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;about this before.</p>
<p>Zai něige shihou， tǎ haoxiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At that time, he was still living</p>
<p>hāi zhu zai JiāzhSu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in California, I think.</p>
<p>Meiguo haoxiang měiyou zhěige, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It seems to me you don’t have this</p>
<p>dui bu dui? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in America, do you?</p>
<p>pao věishēng: &quot;to. clean,” literally ,’to do sanitation” This is an expression used in the PRC. The verb gǎo, ’’to do, originally a vord found in southern dialects of Mandarin Chinese, is now widely used in Standard Chinese, even in Beijing. In Taiwan, gap does not have as vide a usage as in the PRC, where many new expressions have been created since 19^9 using this ve b.</p>
<p>mafan: ’’to be troublesome, to be a nuisance, to be inconvenient”</p>
<p>In the Money module， you learned the verb mafan for ”to bother, to incon-venience (someone)，” as in Mafan ni le， &quot;Sorry to trouble you.” Here you learn mafan as an adjectival verb.</p>
<p>Nā tāi mafan le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That <sup>f</sup>s too much trouble</p>
<p>Zhen mafan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What a bother,</p>
<p>plngchān^: &quot;usually, generally, ordinarily<sup>f?</sup> Like other two-syllable time words, pingchang may come before or after the subject, but always before the verb.</p>
<p>Pingchang women d5u zai kětīng</p>
<p>kan dianshi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We usually vatch television in</p>
<p>Women pingchang dou zai kětīng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the living room, kan dianshī.</p>
<p>Wo pingchang jiǔdian zhSng cāi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don <sup>f</sup>t usually get off work</p>
<p>xia ban. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;until nine o*clock,</p>
<p>shoushi: &quot;to straighten up, to tidy up (a place)，’ or ”to put away, to put in order, to clear away (things). Use shōushi when you<sup>1</sup> re talking about neatening up a place, use gǎo věishēng when you<sup>1</sup>re talking about soap and water cleaning in the PRC [and gao qlngjiě &quot;to (soap and water) clean，<sup>1</sup> in Taiwan].</p>
<p>Tā haoxiang you bānnian měi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It looks as if he hasn’t picked</p>
<p>shōushi wuzi le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;up his place in half a year.</p>
<p>Nx kuai yidianr shSushi xingli, Pack your things quickly, ve want women yao zou le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to leave.</p>
<p>vuzi and fang jian: Both of these words means <sup>f</sup>’room, chamber&quot;’ Wūzi is seldom used in Taiwan, however. For rooms in public places， like hotels, use fangjian rather than vūzi.</p>
<p>f ant Ing: ，’dining room,，，literally ’’meal-hall. <sup>n</sup></p>
<p>chi fan: ”to eat，” literally ”eat food•” Fan is literally, &quot;cooked rice/ &quot;but in the expression chi fan it refers to food in general or a meal. This is another example of a verb plus general object, like nian shu, ”to study'* or shu5 hua ”to speak.<sup>n</sup> (See BIO, Unit 了•）This verb chi may, of course, be followed by a specific object such as pingguS,</p>
<p>”apples，” as in:</p>
<p>Wo chile yige pīngguo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I ate an apple.</p>
<p>But if you mean ”eat” in the sense of <sup>n</sup>to eat food” or &quot;to have a meal，” then you should use the general object fan:</p>
<p>Nǐ chi fan le meiyou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Have you eaten? (Have you eaten</p>
<p>a meal?)</p>
<p>Tā zui ai chī fan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He loves to eat most of all.</p>
<p>zuo fan: &quot;to cook, literally ”to make food•” This is another verb-general object combination. As with chī fan， the verb alone may be used with more specific objects.</p>
<p>chūfang: &quot;kitchen,<sup>ff</sup> literally <sup>,f</sup>kitchen-room.<sup>11</sup></p>
<p>xlzaofang: &quot;bathroom<sup>11</sup> This is a room for taking a bath, and not necessarily a room with a toilet. Xīzao, which is introduced in Part III of this unit, means ’’to take a &quot;bathT<sup>0</sup>~Remember, if you want to ask where there is a toilet, ask for the cesuS,，’toilet;’<sup>1</sup> or use the polite Westernized term, xǐshSujian, &quot;washroom.” In rural areas, you would ask where the cěsuo is.</p>
<p>In Taiwan, modern houses and apartments usually have the toilet in the same room as the bathtub. In the PRC, apartment buildings &quot;built during the 1950<sup>1</sup> s may have a room with a bathtub in the Apartment. Apartment buildings built since then usually only include a toilet and sink in each apartment, and no bathtub.</p>
<p>You should usually lower your voice to ask where the bathroom is.</p>
<p>Many people even consider it polite to put one’s hand in front of the mouth when asking Cěsuo zai nali? Another polite way to ask is Wo kěyi yong yixia nimende cěsu5 ma? <sup>TT</sup>May 工 use your toilet?”</p>
<p>shǔfang: ’’study,’<sup>1</sup> literally &quot;&quot;book-room.’，</p>
<p>vofāng: <sup>lf</sup>bedroom,<sup>n</sup> literally ”sleeping-room. <sup>n</sup> Wofang and voshi are both used for ’’&quot;bedroom,</p>
<p>FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II</p>
<p>A Chinese voman (Fl) has &quot;been invited to dinner at the home of an American couple in Taipei.</p>
<p>Fl: You! Nimen Jia hěn piaoliang, Oh, your house is lovely, so neat shoushide zhēn gānjing! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and clean!</p>
<p>F2: Xiěxie ni. WSmen xian dao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thank you. Let <sup>f</sup>s first go and sit</p>
<p>kětīng zuo yixia he dian cha. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in the living room a while and</p>
<p>and drink some tea.</p>
<p>WLF, Unit h</p>
<p>Fl: Hao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fine.</p>
<p>F2: Wo xiansheng you shi dao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;My husband has gone to T丨aichung</p>
<p>Taizhong qū le. Jīntiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;on business. This evening it</p>
<p>vanshang jiu shi women liangge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;will be just the two of us eating, rěn chī fan.</p>
<p>Fl： Na women yiqǐ zuo fan, hao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Well then, let<sup>1</sup>s cook together,</p>
<p>bu hao? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all right?</p>
<p>F2: Bu yong le. Chufang hen xiǎo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There*s no need to. The kitchen is</p>
<p>Wo yijīng ba wanfan d5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;small. I<sup>f</sup>ve already prepared</p>
<p>yubeihao le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dinner.</p>
<p>Fl: 0， zhěige fangzi haoxiang hěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, this house seems to be quite large.</p>
<p>da. Nǐmen you Jǐjiān woshi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How many bedrooms do you have?</p>
<p>F2: Zhěige fangzi bu tai da. Women &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This house isn't very large. We</p>
<p>you liǎngjian woshi. Zai kě- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have two bedrooms. They are to</p>
<p>ting youbiān. Kětīng zuǒbian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the right of the living room. To</p>
<p>you yige shǔfāng. Pingchang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the left of the living room</p>
<p>women d5u zai shūfang kan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;there<sup>1</sup>s a study. We usually</p>
<p>dianshi. Wo dai ni kankan, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;watch television in the study,</p>
<p>zenmeyang? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Would you like me to show you?</p>
<p>Fl: Hen hǎo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sure.</p>
<p>F2: Hao, women dao fanting qu chī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, let*s go to the dining room</p>
<p>fan ba. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and eat.</p>
<p>Fl: Haojlie. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Great.</p>
<p>NOTES AFTER THE DIALOGUE</p>
<p>Wǒ xiānshēng you shi dao TaizhSng qu le: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;husband has gone to</p>
<p>T<sup>f</sup>aichung on business. ’ More literally, My husband had some business and</p>
<p>went to Taichung.</p>
<p>SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II</p>
<p>An American man (M) is talking with a Chinese women (F) in Běijīng.</p>
<p>F: Nǐde jiā zai Meiguo shěnme &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Where is your home in America? difangr?</p>
<p>WLF, Unit b</p>
<p>M: Zai Huashěngdun. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In Washington.</p>
<p>F: N? you fingzi ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you have a house?</p>
<p>M: Women y5u yige fangzi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, we do.</p>
<p>F: Nǐ lai Běijīng, fangzi zěnme &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When you came to Beijing, what</p>
<p>ban? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;did you do with the house?</p>
<p>M: WSmen ba fangzi zuchuqu le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We rented it out.</p>
<p>F: Nīmende fangzi da bu da? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is your house large?</p>
<p>M: Bu hěn da, ye bu hěn xiǎo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>f</sup>s not very large and it<sup>f</sup>s not</p>
<p>Louxia you kětīng, fāntīng, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;very small. Downstairs there<sup>f</sup>s</p>
<p>shūfang, gin chufang. Lou- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the living room, the dining room,</p>
<p>shang you sǎnjiān voshi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the study, and the kitchen •</p>
<p>gen liǎngjian xǐzaofang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upstairs there are three bedrooms and two bathrooms.</p>
<p>F: Ou* you zhěme du5 fajigjian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, there are so many rooms. It</p>
<p>Gǎo věishēngde shihour hěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;must be troublesome when you do</p>
<p>mafan ba. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the cleaning.</p>
<p>M: Bu tai mafan. Haizimen dou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>f</sup>s not too troublesome. The</p>
<p>da le. Tāmen yě gǎo wěisheng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;children are all grovn up. They</p>
<p>do the cleaning, too.</p>
<p>F: Nǐ xǐhuan bu xihuan ni xianzai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you like the apartment building</p>
<p>zhūde gSngyu? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;where you're living now?</p>
<p>M: Mamahūhū. Zherde gSngyu hai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;So-so. The apartment buildings</p>
<p>kěyi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;here aren<sup>f</sup>t too bad.</p>
<p>NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE</p>
<p>hai kěyi: Literally ”still okay,” this phrase actually means ”isn4 too</p>
<p>&quot;bad •”</p>
<p>PART III REFERENCE LIST</p>
<p>29- Haizi xīngle yihou jiao tāmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;After the children wake up, have</p>
<p>xǐ lian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;them wash their faces.</p>
<p>30. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wanshang shui jiao yīqiān jiao Before they go to sleep at night,</p>
<p>tamen shuā ya， xizǎo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have them brush their teeth and</p>
<p>take a bath.</p>
<p>31. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Xǐle lian gěi tamen he niunai• When they<sup>f</sup>ve washed their faces, give</p>
<p>them some milk to drink.</p>
<p>32. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bǎ hāizi gěi vo, vo baoyibāo• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Give the baby to me, I'll hold him.</p>
<p>33. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wang Ryi， haizimen chi fan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Auntie Wāng, after they<sup>1</sup>ve eaten,</p>
<p>yxhou děi shui vmjiao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the children have to take a noon</p>
<p>time nap.</p>
<p>3^. Re shui shāohǎo le měiyou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Have you heated up the hot water?</p>
<p>35* Guo mǎlude shihou yao xiǎoxin. Be careful vhen crossing the street.</p>
<p>36. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yāgāo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;toothpaste</p>
<p>37. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shushu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;uncle</p>
<p>REFERENCE NOTES FOR PAET III</p>
<p>xing: &quot;to wake up<sup>f!</sup> This is a process verb. It describes the change from sleep or unconsciousness to waking or consciousness: ’<sup>f</sup>to become awake, to become conscious, to become sober.<sup>11</sup> In completed affirmative sentences, you will see the marker le; in negative sentences you will see měi (not bu~ this is not a state vertTT Some of the quirks you faced with a verb like bing (”to get sick,<sup>n</sup> not &quot;to be sick’’），you also face here* When you are thinking in English of ”He IS NOT awake,” you should think ”He HAS NOT avakened<sup>n</sup> in Chinese.</p>
<p>Tā xǐngle meiyou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Did he vake up? OR Is he awake yet?</p>
<p>Tā hai měi xing. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He is not awake yet &lt;</p>
<p>jiao: <sup>,f</sup>to ask, to order，to tell (someone to do something)<sup>,f</sup> This is a prepositional verb, which means that it and its object precede the verb.</p>
<p>Fuqin jiao haizimen hullai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The father told the children to</p>
<p>come back -</p>
<p>Nǐ jiao ta guolai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ask him to come over.</p>
<p>shui jiao: <sup>f,</sup>to sleep, to go to bed<sup>,f</sup></p>
<p>Ta bādiǎn zhSng Jiu shui jiao le. He went to bed at eight o’clock</p>
<p>(already)•</p>
<p>Nǐ jǐdian zhong shui jiao? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What time do you go to bed?</p>
<p>Tā měitiān shui bage zhōngtou. He sleeps eight hours a night.</p>
<p>Nǐ shuide hao bu hǎo? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Did you sleep well?</p>
<p>Nǐ shuihaole ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Did you sleep well? OR Have you</p>
<p>finished sleeping?</p>
<p>shuā ya: &quot;to brush teeth&quot; Besides brushing teeth, you can shuā yīfu, &quot;brush clothes，” and shua xiě, ”brush (off) shoes. Do not use shua for use for brushing hair，however [see shū tou ’’to comb or brush one*s hair, WLF, Unit 3)• [The noun for a &quot;brush is shuāzi.D</p>
<p>niunai: Literally, ”cow-milk，” and used only to refer to cow's milk. The vord nǎi by itself does not specify the kind of milk,</p>
<p>bao: ’'to embrace, to hug<sup>,f</sup> people, or &quot;to hold in one's arms<sup>11</sup> a child, package, etc.</p>
<p>Lai, baba gěi ni &quot;baobao, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Come, papa will hold you. (said to</p>
<p>child as he is handed from mother to father)</p>
<p>flyl: <sup>11</sup> auntie&quot; This is a term of address used by children for friends of the family, not blood relatives.</p>
<p>shui vǔjiao: <sup>f,</sup>to take an afternoon nap,’’ literally, <sup>H</sup>sleep noon-nap.<sup>n</sup> The vujiao， a nap after lunch， is very popular in China. Many institutions, factories, and schools give time off every day for this purpose.</p>
<p>shao: ’’to heat, to cook<sup>11</sup> (Another meaning is &quot;to burn.<sup>n</sup>) Since the verb shao by itself means to put heat to something, a resultative ending is needed when you vant to indicate &quot;boiling” or &quot;heated up.<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>Wo qu shāo diǎnr shuī. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1*11 go put some water on (the</p>
<p>stove).</p>
<p>Re shuJ shaohao le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The hot water has been heated up.</p>
<p>Shui yījīng shāokāi le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The water is already boiling.</p>
<p>mǎlū: ’’paved road. This is the word usually used for paved city streets. Malū is literally <sup>,,</sup>horse-road<sub>&gt;</sub><sup>,f</sup> that is, a road on which horses and people can go, A theory has also been advanced that the mǎ is a transliteration of the first syllable of <sup>f,</sup>macadam<sup>ff</sup> (a road made with layers of rolled broken stones, with a tar or asphalt base).</p>
<p>xiǎoxīn: &quot;to &quot;be careful，” literally ”small~heart•”</p>
<p>Ē, xiaoxīn diǎnr! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hey, be a little more careful!</p>
<p>shushu: ’’uncle” This is a term of affection used &quot;by children for older male friends of the family.</p>
<p>FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART III</p>
<p>A Canadian voman (A) is talking to her new maid (C) in Beijing.</p>
<p>A: Wang Āyl, haizimen chī fan yihou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Auntie Wang, after lunch the child-</p>
<p>děi shuā yā, ranhou zai shui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ren have to brush their teeth and</p>
<p>wǔjiao. Pingchang tamen shui &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;then take their naps. Usually</p>
<p>yiliǎngge zhongtou. Xingle &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;they sleep an hour or two. After</p>
<p>yǐhou gei tamen xī lian, zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;they wake up, wash their faces for</p>
<p>dai tāmen chūqu vanrwanr. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;them, and then take them out to</p>
<p>play.</p>
<p>C: Hao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay.</p>
<p>A: Xiavu siwudian zhong gěi tamen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At four or five in the afternoon,</p>
<p>he niunai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;give them some milk to drink.</p>
<p>C: Tāmen wanshang yao chī shenme? What will they eat in the evening?</p>
<p>A: Wo yijing zuohao le. Dou zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ifve prepared it already. It<sup>!</sup>s all</p>
<p>zhěr. Wanshang shui jiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;here. At night before they go to</p>
<p>yiqian Jiao tāmen shuā ya, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bed, have them &quot;brush their teeth</p>
<p>xǐzǎo. Haizimen yitiān yao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and take a bath. The children</p>
<p>shuā. sanci ya. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;are supposed to brush their teeth</p>
<p>three times a day. C: Hao.</p>
<p>SECOND DIALOGUE FOR FART III</p>
<p>In Taipei on a Sunday afternoon, a young mother (Huimīn) and father (Tingsōng) are at home:</p>
<p>M: Huimǐn, wo xiang he diǎn cha, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Huimīn, I want some tea, do you?</p>
<p>ni yao bu yao?</p>
<p>F: Yao, danshi re shui měiyou le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, but there’s no more hot water.</p>
<p>Wo qu shāo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>ll go put some on.</p>
<p>M: Bu yao, bu yao, wǒ zijl qū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No, no, I<sup>f</sup>ll go myself.</p>
<p>F: Hǎo, wo qu kankan Xiao 成。 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, I<sup>f</sup>11 go check if XiSo Bao (the</p>
<p>xǐng le měiyou. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;baby) is up yet.</p>
<p>(They both leave the room. Later when Huimǐn (the wife) returns, Tlngsong</p>
<p>is sitting on the sofa.)</p>
<p>F: Ting,* Xiao Bao xīngle. Nī bao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ting, XiSo Bao is up. You hold him</p>
<p>yixia. Wo qu ta niunai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for a minute. I<sup>f</sup>m going to go</p>
<p>nonghao• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;get his (cow’s) milk ready,</p>
<p>M: (To the baby) Lai, rang baba &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Here, let daddy hold you. baobao.</p>
<p>(Huimin comes in with a &quot;bottle and hands it to Tingsōng.)</p>
<p>M: Nǐ kan, shui wǔjiao yihou, tā &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Look, he’s so hungry after his nap. zhen ě•*&quot;</p>
<p>F: Shi, tā meici d5u shi zhěiyang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, he<sup>f</sup>s like this every time.</p>
<p>NOTES OK THE DIALOGUE</p>
<p>*<sup>,,</sup>Ting<sup>1</sup>' is the wife*s affectionate abbreviation of her husband's name,</p>
<p>Tingsōng,</p>
<p>••至： &quot;to be hungry</p>
<p>Unit h, Vocabulary</p>
<p>Syi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;auntie</p>
<p>bāo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to hold, to embrace</p>
<p>cha &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tea</p>
<p>chi fan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to eat</p>
<p>chufang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kitchen</p>
<p>dai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to bring, to take with one</p>
<p>dai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to lead, to take</p>
<p>dakai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to open</p>
<p>fangjiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;room</p>
<p>fanting &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dining room</p>
<p>funu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;women</p>
<p>gǎo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to do, to engage in</p>
<p>gǎo wěisheng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to do cleaning</p>
<p>gōngyu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;apartment building; apartment</p>
<p>gongyulou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;apartment &quot;building</p>
<p>haoxiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to seem (to be), to appear that</p>
<p>he &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to drink</p>
<p>-jiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for rooms)</p>
<p>jiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to tell/ask (someone to do something)</p>
<p>-juan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;reel (of recording tape); to curl，</p>
<p>to roll up</p>
<p>kětīng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;living room</p>
<p>kǒudāi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pocket</p>
<p>lian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;face (of a person)</p>
<p>Iuyīndai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;recording tape</p>
<p>luyīnjī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tape recorder</p>
<p>mafan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be troublesome, to be a bother;</p>
<p>bother, trouble</p>
<p>mǎlu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;street, avenue (paved)</p>
<p>měi shi (le) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;everything is all right (now); there</p>
<p>is no (further) business</p>
<p>niunai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(cov*s) milk</p>
<p>pingchang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;usually, generally， ordinarily</p>
<p>shāo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to heat; to cook</p>
<p>shāohaole &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to have heated up; to have finished</p>
<p>cooking</p>
<p>shēnbao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to declare, to report</p>
<p>shēnbaodān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;customs declaration (form)</p>
<p>shoushi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to tidy up</p>
<p>shoushi (shoushi) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jevelry</p>
<p>shua &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to brush</p>
<p>shuā yā &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to brush one<sup>r</sup>s teeth</p>
<p>shūfang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;study (room)</p>
<p>shuǐ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;water</p>
<p>shui jiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to sleep</p>
<p>shui wujiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to take a noontime nap</p>
<p>shushu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;uncle</p>
<p>wofang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bedroom</p>
<p>woshi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bedroom</p>
<p>wuzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;room</p>
<p>xiangzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;suitcase, box</p>
<p>xiaoběnzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;small notebook</p>
<p>xiSoxīn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be careful, to take care</p>
<p>xǐng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to vake up</p>
<p>xizāo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to take a bath</p>
<p>xīzao fang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;bathroom</p>
<p>ya &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tooth, teeth</p>
<p>yāgāo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;toothpaste</p>
<p>yanjT'ngCr) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;glasses (spectacles )</p>
<p>yūbei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to prepare</p>
<p>yubeihao le &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to have prepared</p>
<p>zhaoxiāngj1 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;camera</p>
<p>zhīpiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;check (as in personal check)</p>
<p>zhipiaoben &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;checkbook</p>
<p>zūchūqu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to rent out</p>
<p>zuo fan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to cook</p>
<p>Personal Welfare Module, Unit 5 Minor Physical Complaints</p>
<p>PART 工</p>
<p>REFERENCE LIST</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Nǐ nar &quot;bu shǔfu a? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Where do you feel bad?</p>
<p>B: Wo tou těng, houlong ye you I have a headache and my throat is dianr teng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a little sore.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wo xiang ni garnnāo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I think you’ve caught a cold.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wo xiang wc bu fāshāo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don’t think I have a fever.</p>
<p>U. Nǐ zui hao chi diǎnr zhěige yao You'd &quot;better take some of this ba. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;medicine.</p>
<p>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Zuotian wo qu kan daifu le. Yesterday I went to see a doctor, B: Nǐ kan shěnme? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What did you want treated?</p>
<p>A: Wo kesou, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I have a cough.</p>
<p>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ni dao neige yTyuān qu kan bing? Which hospital are you going to</p>
<p>to see a doctor?</p>
<p>7- Liu Daifu shi nělkē yīshēng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is Dr. Liu a physician or a</p>
<p>haishi vaikē ylshěng? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;surgeon?</p>
<p>8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;t'ong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to hurt (another pronunciation for</p><h6>těng)</h6>
<p>9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;āsipilln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;aspirin</p>
<p>REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I</p>
<p>těng: <sup>n</sup>to hurt, to ache<sup>1</sup>，When talking about body aches and pains, you use a topic-comment pattern• For example ”1 have a headache，” in Chinese is literally &quot;As for me, the head hurts”：</p>
<p>Wo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;t6u těng.</p>
<p>As for me, head hurts•</p>
<p>ganmao: &quot;to catch a cold; a cold<sup>11</sup> This may be used either as a verb or as a noun. [To say <sup>ff</sup>to have a bad cold,” use ganmao hen lihai， lihai meaning &quot;severe,]</p>
<p>Wǒ gǎnmāo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>ve caught a cold.</p>
<p>Nide ganmao hao yidian le ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is your cold a little better now?</p>
<p>fāshāo: &quot;to have a fever/<sup>1</sup> literally, ”develop-fever，’ This may be used as a state or a process:</p>
<p>STATE</p>
<p>Wo fāshāo• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I have a fever•</p>
<p>Wo bu fāshāo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don’t have a fever.</p>
<p>Wo you dian fāshāo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>m a little feverish.</p>
<p>PROCESS</p>
<p>Wo fāshāo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I have a fever (more literally, &quot;I</p>
<p>have developed a fever”）.</p>
<p>Wo měi fāshāo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don’t have a fever (more literally,</p>
<p><sup>,f</sup>I haven<sup>1</sup>1 developed a fever&quot;),</p>
<p>Wǒ fāshāo yǐhou jiu bu xiang After the fever came on，工 didn’t chī dōngxi le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;feel like eating anything.</p>
<p>chi dian zhěige yao: &quot;take some of this medecine,” literally, ”eat medicineis the way to say,，’to take medicine/’ Of course, for liquid medicines you could also say he, ”to drink,&quot; but one still usually says chi,</p>
<p>kan daifu: <sup>n</sup>to see a doctor,，Also kan yishēng.</p>
<p>Wo děi qū kan daifu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I have to go see a doctor.</p>
<p>Nǐ kan shěnme?: In another context，this could mean <sup>,?</sup>What are you looking at?^~Here, however, kan is used in the sense of <sup>n</sup>to have (a medical complaint) treated” or &quot;diagnosed” by a doctor.</p>
<p>Nǐ qu kan ganmao le ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Did you go have that cold of yours</p>
<p>treated?</p>
<p>Wode houlong bū tai shūfu, děi My throat doesn<sup>f</sup>t feel too well; qu kankan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I'll have to go get it treated.</p>
<p>Zhěige bing děi dao da yīyuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For this illness you have to go</p>
<p>qu kan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to a large hospital to get it</p>
<p>treated.</p>
<p>kesou: &quot;to cough”</p>
<p>něikē: (1) ’’department of internal medicine，，(of a hospital), or (2) ”internal medicine” (as a field). Nei means ”internal” and kē means either (1) ’’department，section&quot; or (2厂&quot;branch (of a study),</p>
<p>yishěn^: ”doctor,” literally, <sup>n</sup>heal-er.<sup>t!</sup> In Běijīng, daifu is the more conversational vord and yishēng the more formal. In Taiwan, hovever, daifu is not used much.</p>
<p>něike yishēn^: ”physician”</p>
<p>vaikē: (1) &quot;department of surgery&quot; (of a hospital), or (2) <sup>n</sup>surgery,<sup>,T</sup> (the branch of medicine).</p>
<p>waikē yishēng: &quot;surgeon”</p>
<p>tong: ’’to hurt, to ache, another pronunciation for těng. āslpilin: ’’aspirin” Also pronounced āsipǐlin, asipīling^ āsip.Llin^.</p>
<p>■ FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PAET I</p>
<p>A man from Shanghai (A) is visiting his classmate (B) in Běijīng.</p>
<p>A: Nǐ shuS <sup>Tl</sup>tou tong<sup>?f</sup> haishi ”t6u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you say t6u tong (”to have a</p>
<p>těng&quot;? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;headache&quot;) or t6u teng?</p>
<p>B: Beijing rěn dou shuo <sup>TT</sup>tou těng,&quot; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;People from Beijing all say tou</p>
<p>wo xiǎng &quot;tong” shi nǐmen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;těng. I think tong is vhat is</p>
<p>Shanghai rěn shuode. Zenme? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;said by you people from Shanghai.</p>
<p>xianzai tou těng a? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Why? Do you have a headache now?</p>
<p>A: Ng， wo you dianr tou těng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A little.</p>
<p>B: Shi ma? Nǐ hāi you nar bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you? Where else do you feel</p>
<p>shūfu? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bad?</p>
<p>A: Houlong ye you dianr těng, hěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;My throat hurts a little， too. ī</p>
<p>xiang chī diǎnr lěngde dong- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;really feel like having something</p>
<p>xi. Wǒ yiding shi ganmao le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cold to eat. I must have caught</p>
<p>a cold.</p>
<p>B: Fā shāo ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you have a fever?</p>
<p>A: Dagai bu fā shāo, wǒ měi juěde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Probably not, I don<sup>1</sup>t feel hot</p>
<p>re. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(OR haven*t felt hot).</p>
<p>B: Jīntiān xiāvu women bu qū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This afternoon let’s not go to the</p>
<p>gongyuānr le, nǐ zai jiā &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;park. You rest a little at home,</p>
<p>xiūxi xiuxi ba. Wǒ xianzai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right now I*11 go buy you some</p>
<p>qu gěi ni mai dianr yao, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;medicine, and tomorrow I<sup>1</sup>11 take</p>
<p>mingtiān zai dai ni qu kan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you to see the doctor• daifu.</p>
<p>A: Hao &quot;ba! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay!</p>
<p>SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I</p>
<p>In Beijing, a parent drops in on a neighbor to talk about his daughter<sup>f</sup>s</p>
<p>illness:</p>
<p>A: Nī zhao vo you shěnme shir a? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are you looking for me for something</p>
<p>in particular?</p>
<p>B: Xiao Hua gǎmnāole, kěsoule yige XiSo Hua caught a cold and has been xīngqi le, jīntiān fāshāo fade &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;coughing for a week. Today she</p>
<p>hen gāo， houlong ye hěn těng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;has a very high temperature and</p>
<p>her throat hurts a lot.</p>
<p>A: Nǐ dai ta qu kānguo le ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Have you taken her to have it treated?</p>
<p>B: Kānguo le. Tā chile hen duo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. She<sup>f</sup>s taken a lot of medicine,</p>
<p>yao, kěshi hāi měiyou hao, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;but she still hasn<sup>1</sup>t gotten better.</p>
<p>A: Na wo qu zhao wo yige zai Beijing Then 1<sup>#</sup>11 go look up a friend of mine Yīyuan gōngzuode pěngyou, tā &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;who works at the Běijīng Hospital,</p>
<p>shi waikē yxshēng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He's a surgeon.</p>
<p>B: Wāikē yīshēng! Xiao Hua kěsou, A surgeon! XiSo Hua is (just)</p>
<p>fāshāo, zenme qu kan waikē? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;coughing and has a fever. Why go</p>
<p>to see the surgery department?</p>
<p>A: Ou, wode yisi shi qǐng wode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh,工 mean 1*11 ask that friend to</p>
<p>něige pěngyou gěi Xiǎo Hua zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;make Xiao Hua an appointment in</p>
<p>něike yūyue yige shijiān. Tā &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the department of internal medi-</p>
<p>ycu hen duo nēikede pěngyou. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cine. He has a lot of friends in</p>
<p>the department of internal medecine.</p>
<p>B： Kǎo, na jiu tai mafan nin le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All right, then I<sup>1</sup>11 trouble you to</p>
<p>do that. (OR I<sup>f</sup>m putting you to too much trouble.)</p>
<p>A: Zhěi měiyou shenme. Jīntiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This is nothing. Today have Xiao Huā</p>
<p>rang Xiao Hua duo xiuxi xiuxi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;get a lot of rest. Tomorrow I can</p>
<p>Dagai mingtiān jiu kěyi qǐng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;probably ask a doctor to treat it</p>
<p>daifu gěi ta kan le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for her.</p>
<p>NOTES AFTER THE DIALOGUE</p>
<p>rang: ”to let, to allov, to have (someone do something)<sup>ff</sup> This is a prepositional verb which you will see more of in Unit 6,</p>
<p>…du5 xiuxi xiuxi: ”rest a lot” The adjectival verb <sup>f,</sup>to be many, to be much, to be a lot&quot; is used here as an adverb modifying the verb <sup>f,</sup>to rest’、 xiūxi&gt; As an adverb, du5 may mean ”a lot，” &quot;more,” or &quot;too much，” depending on the context. In du5 xiuxi xiuxi it obviously means ’’a lot” or &quot;more.<sup>1</sup>，</p>
<p>Yǐhou, wo yao du5 xiang nin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;From now on, I shall learn from</p>
<p>xuěxx. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you more.</p>
<p>Duo shuo yě bu hao, shǎo shu5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It isn<sup>f</sup>t good to say too much, nor</p>
<p>ye bu hǎo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is it good to say too little.</p>
<p>Lifa yxhou xiǎng chui yixia &quot;běi If you want to have your back pounded shi bu shi yao duo gěi qian? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;after a haircut， do you have to pay-</p>
<p>extra?</p>
<p>Some students get into the bad habit of always translating du5 as ’’more/’ Remember that the adverb duo can also mean either <sup>n</sup>a lot&quot; or &quot;too much.</p>
<p>Thus, if someone invites you to dinner, even before you have started to eat, the host may say to you Du5 chi yidianr! Since you haven<sup>1</sup>1 yet touched the food this sentence cannot mean, &quot;Have some more&quot;; it simply means <sup>n</sup>Eat amply•” We might say in English，”Have as much as you like,&quot; or <sup>1,</sup>Help yourself.”</p>
<p>Here are some more examples showing du5 does not always mean &quot;more•”</p>
<p>Zhěizhong pingguo zěnme pianyi These apples are this inexpensive? a? Na women jiu duo mai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In that case, let<sup>f</sup>s get a whole</p>
<p>dianr ba! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bunch of them!</p>
<p>Duo laile yige rěn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;One person too many came.</p>
<p>Tā duo gěile shikuai qian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He gave ten dollars too much.</p>
<p>Du5 mai jǐbenr. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Buy a fev extra volumes •</p>
<p>Contrast Du5 laile yige rěn, &quot;One person too many came，&quot; vith You lUile yige rěn, ’’One more person came.</p>
<p>PART II</p>
<p>REFERENCE LIST</p>
<p>10. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Wo dūzi hěn bu shūfu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;My belly [lover abdomen] feels bad.</p>
<p>B: Ni xiě du ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you have diarrhea?</p><h6>11. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;W5 tou yūn，xiang tu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dizzy and nauseous•</h6>
<p>12. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: N? tlvēn shi duōshao? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What’s your temperature?</p>
<p>B: Sānshibadu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thirty-eight degrees.</p>
<p>13. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WS you věibing. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I have stomach trouble, ill. WS ySu diǎnr dabiān ~bu tong. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I'm a little constipated.</p>
<p>15. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qing ni tang zai zhěr. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Please lie down here.</p>
<p>16. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qlng ni ba shangyi tu5 le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Please undress down to the waist.</p>
<p>(Please take off your upper clothing.)</p>
<p>17. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Āiyou! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ouch!</p>
<p>18. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qlng ni gěi wo kai ge yaofāng. Please vrite a prescription for me.</p>
<p>19- Wo tāitai shēng bing shēngde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;My wife is seriously ill. hen lihai•</p>
<p>20. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lā duzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to have diarrhea</p>
<p>21. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xiǎobiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to urinate; urination</p>
<p>REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART II</p>
<p>duzi: &quot;&quot;belly, lower aMomen’<sup>1</sup> This has often been translated as ”stomach，” but actually when sqrrieone 芑ays Wo dūzi ten呙 or Wo duzi bu shufu, they are most often referring to lower abdominal or intestinal pains. Nevertheless, you may sometimes want to translate it as &quot;stomach，” in the looser sense of &quot;belly,<sup>n</sup> for example:</p>
<p>Něige rěnde duzi hěn da. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That man has a big stomach/'belly.</p>
<p>Wo dūzi ě le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hungry. (Literally, <sup>?f</sup>My</p>
<p>stomach is hungry.&quot;)</p>
<p>A colloquial expression for ”to be pregnant’’ is dūzi da le， literally, the abdomen has become Mg,&quot; or da duzi le.</p>
<p>xiě dū: ”to have diarrhea*' There are several expressions for &quot;diarrhea” in Chinese; xiě du is a good choice to use when talking to your doctor, since it is neither too informal not too technical. (See also la duzi, below.)</p>
<p>yūn: ’’to be dizzy&quot; Often used after tou, &quot;head”： tou yun. Pronounced with the Falling tone, yun, this word is used in the expressions yun chē, &quot;to be carsick/trainsick,” yun chuan, &quot;to be seasick,” and yun fēijī， to be airsick.</p>
<p>Wo kan shū kande tou d5u yūn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I've been reading so much that</p>
<p>le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1*131 dizzy!</p>
<p>(In this sentence, d5u doesn’t mean &quot;all，” but ”even, to such an extent that.” This type of dou is always used vith le_ at the end of the sentence,)</p>
<p>tū: ’’to vomit” Xiang tu，literally ’’to feel like vomiting，” means ’’to feel nauseous,</p>
<p>tivēn: &quot;body temperature&quot; Only used for the temperature of a body.</p>
<p>匸The general vord for &quot;temperature&quot; is wēndu, which is presented in Part 3 of this unit.D [Tivenbiao is a medical thermometer,J</p>
<p>-du: &quot;degree&quot; This noun does not take a counter.</p>
<p>věibing: &quot;stomach trouble; gastric disease,” literally, &quot;stomach illness,</p>
<p>dabian bu t5ng: &quot;to be constipated” Dabiān (literally ’’major-convenience) raeans&quot;~<sup>TT</sup>tTliavē^L™tovel movement<sup>?t</sup> or <sup>?,</sup>feces (Xiǎo'biān^ &quot;minor-convenience，&quot; means &quot;to urinate” or &quot;urine.&quot;) Bu t5ng means doesn't go through, is blocked up. ”</p>
<p>tang: <sup>ff</sup>to lie, to recline” Notice that the zai phrase goes after the vert tang in the sentence Qing ni tang zai zhěr. This is because the zai phrase shows the result of the verb tang: you end up being here (zai zher) as a result of the action of lying (tang)• TSngxia or t5ng xialai means <sup>ft</sup>to lie down. In some of the following sentences, notice that tang corresponds to &quot;be in bed.<sup>n</sup></p>
<p>Tā ganmao le, tangle yitiān. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He got a cold and stayed in bed</p>
<p>for a day (OR and has been in bed all day today).</p>
<p>Tā xihuan tangzhe kan shū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He likes to read lying down.</p>
<p>Yījīng bādiǎn zhSngle, nī hāi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It eight o^clock already, and</p>
<p>tangzhe ne.<sup>f</sup> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you<sup>1</sup> re still in bed!</p>
<p>Tangxialai xiūxi yihuir ba. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lie down and rest for a while,</p>
<p>shāngyī: &quot;upper garments<sup>n</sup> [Also sometimes means ”coat.<sup>,f</sup>]</p>
<p>tuo: <sup>n</sup>to take off<sup>n</sup> (clothes, shoes) This is the opposite of chuān’</p>
<p>&quot;to put on.<sup>11</sup></p>
<p>Kuāi ba dayī tu5xialai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Come on and take off your coat. *</p>
<p>Tā zhěng tuozhe yīfu, jinlai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right when he was taking off</p>
<p>yige rěn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;his clothes, someone came in.</p>
<p>Qing ni tuōle xiě zai j xnqu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Please remove your shoes before</p>
<p>going in,*</p>
<p>•This is said &quot;by the host to a guest vhen he arrives. You might have thought that the use of the word kuai, usually translated as ’’hurry up and . . .<sup>11</sup> sounds impatient and impolite. Actually, it is the exact opposite. Here, kuai indicates the host’s concern that the guest, although wanting to take his coat off, would be too polite to do so immediately.</p>
<p>**In Taiwan, most households have kept the Japanese custom of removing shoes before entering the living areas. (Guests, though, are not in every case expected to take off their shoes, especially for short visits during dry weather.)</p>
<p>kai: You have seen kai meaning *’to open.” Here it means ’’to write out” a prescription, list, receipt, check, etc.</p>
<p>sheng bing: &quot;to get sick’， Shēng means literally, <sup>tf</sup>to develop, to happen•”Ta shēng bing le means virtually the same thing as Tā bing le.</p>
<p>Jinnian chūntian shēng bingde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lots of people are getting sick</p>
<p>rěn hěn duo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;this spring.</p>
<p>Ta shēng bing shingle liangge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He has been sick for two weeks</p>
<p>xīngqī le, hai měi hao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nov and hasn’t recovered yet.</p>
<p>Ni hai shēngzhe bing ne， zěnme You’re still sick; how can you keyi chūqu?I &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;go out?!</p>
<p>Tā shēngde shi shěnme bing? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What illness is it that he has?</p>
<p>lā dūzi: &quot;to have diarrhea/<sup>1</sup> a more colloquial, but not at all improper, vord for xiě du.</p>
<p>Tā lā duzi lade hen lihai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He has a bad case of diarrhea.</p>
<p>FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II</p>
<p>A man in Taipei calls a doctor^ office &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to ask what he should do for</p>
<p>his wife<sup>!</sup>s illness.</p>
<p>A: Wěi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hello.</p>
<p>8: Wěi, qingwěn Zhang Yīshēng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hello, is Dr, Zhǎng there, please? zSi bu zai?</p>
<p>A: Zhang Yīshēng xiānzāi zāi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Dr. Zhang is seeing patients now,</p>
<p>kan bing. Qingwěn nī ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What can I do for you? shi ma?</p>
<p>B: W5 tāitai shēng bing le, &quot;bingde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;My wife is very sick. Yesterday she</p>
<p>h?n lihai. Ta cong zuotiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;began to be dizzy and to run a</p>
<p>kāishi t6u yūn, fāshāo. Zu6tiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fever. Yesterday she stayed in bed</p>
<p>tSngle yitian, jīntiān zSoshāng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all day, but this morning she still</p>
<p>hai fSshSo，d^zi yě hen &quot;bū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;had a fever, and she has abdominal</p>
<p>shūfu, hāi tu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pains<sub>y</sub> and she<sup>f</sup>s even vomiting.</p>
<p>A: Ta xiě du ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Does she have diarrhea?</p>
<p>B: Xiele jlci. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She's had it a few times.</p>
<p>A: Tade tlwēn shi duoshǎo? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What<sup>f</sup>s her temperature?</p><h5>B: N, sanshibādu via. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Uh, 38.5 degrees.</h5>
<p>A: Ni gei tS chī shěnme yao le ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Have you given her any medicines?</p>
<p>B: Tā bu něng chī yao, meici chile &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She can<sup>1</sup>1 take medicines, every time</p>
<p>dSngxi jiu tu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;she takes any food or drink she</p>
<p>vomits •</p>
<p>A: Nā nī mas hang bǎ ta song dao zhěli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In that case bring her here right</p>
<p>lai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;away.</p>
<p>B: HSo. WSmen mSshāng jiti iSi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All right. We<sup>1</sup>11 be there right</p>
<p>avay.</p>
<p>SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II</p>
<p>In Běijīng, a young man (A) visits a clinic.</p>
<p>N: Ērbǎiwǔshihao! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Two hundred fifty!</p>
<p>A: Shi w5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That<sup>1</sup> s me,</p>
<p>N: Q3!ng jin. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Please come in.</p>
<p>D: Ni zěnme bū shūfu a? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What's the matter with you?</p>
<p>A: WS tou yun, xiang tū, zǎoshang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>m dizzy, nauseaous, and since this</p>
<p>wS kaishl dūzi teng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;morning my &quot;stomach<sup>11</sup> has been upset.</p>
<p>D: ōu. Xiě duzi ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, Any diarrhea?</p>
<p>A: B\i xil, h£i ySu diSnr dabian bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No, I'm even a bit constipated, tong,</p>
<p>D: Ńg? Qing nin &quot;b5 shangyī tuōle, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh? Undress down to the waist,</p>
<p>tang zai zhěr, v5 tīngting. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;please, lie down here, and I<sup>f</sup>ll</p>
<p>Zher těng ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have a listen. Does it hurt here?</p>
<p>A: Bu těng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No.</p>
<p>D: Zhěr ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov about here?</p>
<p>A: Aiyou! Zhěr hěn těng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ouch! It hurts there!</p>
<p>D: N5l congqian ySu věibing ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Have you ever had stomach trouble</p>
<p>before?</p>
<p>A: XiSode shfhou you, keshi hěn duo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When I was a child I did, but I</p>
<p>nian měiyou těngguo le. Zu6- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;haven<sup>!</sup>t had any pain for many</p>
<p>tiān vSnshang y5u kaishl bū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;years. Last night it began to feel</p>
<p>shūfu le. Yěli shui jiāo ye &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;bad again. During the night I</p>
<p>shuide bu h5o, xingle hSo Jīci. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;slept very poorly, too. I woke</p>
<p>up several times.</p>
<p>D: H5o, wS gěi ni kai ge yāofāng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All right. I<sup>f</sup>ll write you a pre-</p>
<p>Chīle yao, xiūxi xiuxi, yaoshi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;scription. After you take the</p>
<p>bň hSo, xiage xfngqi zai lSi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;medicine, get some rest, and</p>
<p>k&amp;nkan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if it doesn’t get better, come</p>
<p>and see me again next veek.</p>
<p>A: H5o, xiěxie ni! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, thank you.</p>
<p>PART III REFERENCE LIST</p>
<p>22. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Nǐ liangguo tǐvēn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Have you taken your temperature?</p>
<p>le meiyou?</p>
<p>B: Liangguo le, vēndu bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. My temperature isn^ high,</p>
<p>gǎo, sānshiqīdu du5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a little over 3了 degrees. yidiSn,</p>
<p>23. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ni yao du5 xiūxi xiuxi, duo he &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You need to rest a lot and drink</p>
<p>kaishuJ. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a lot of (boiled) water.</p>
<p>2h. WS gěi ni liāng yfxiā xuěya, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>m going to take your blood</p>
<p>pressure.</p>
<p>25. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;W5 xuěya gāo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I have high blood pressure.</p>
<p>26. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ni xiang bu xiSng zhao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you want to see an acupuncturist?</p>
<p>ahēnjiǔ daifu gei ni k&amp;nkan?</p>
<p>2T. litixingxing gSnmao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;influenza, flu</p>
<p>28, kāi dao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to operate; to be operated on</p>
<p>29* di &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be low</p>
<p>REFERENCE NOTES ON PART III</p>
<p>liang: ”to measure” You first saw this verb in the context of taking measurements for clothing. Here you see it used for taking temperatures.</p>
<p>It can also be used for measuring a piece of land or the dimensions of a room,</p>
<p>t^vēn and věnd^: Both of these are translated as <sup>,,</sup>temperature<sup>n</sup> in the sentences above, &quot;but they should be distinguished. Tlvēn is literally <sup>n</sup>body temperature&quot; and thus is used when talking about taking human temperatures. Wēndu is literally ”temperature degree,’ and is generally used in measuring heat or cold.</p>
<p>Nǐ wūzilide wēndū shi duoshSo? What<sup>1</sup>s the temperature in your room?</p>
<p>[There is another word given, literally &quot;air temperature,<sup>11</sup> used, for example, used in weather reports.1</p>
<p>yēndu bu gao: &quot;the temperature is not high<sup>M</sup> Normal body temperature (98•6<sup>m</sup> F) is 37^Celsius. Each additional degree Celsius is 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit.</p>
<p>kāi shui: ’’boiled water&quot; This is water that has been boiled, but is not necessarily hot. Often kāishu? is served as a hot beverage, however.</p>
<p>The Chinese commonly believe that ice cold beverages are not good.</p>
<p>xuěya: &quot;&quot;blood pressureliterally &quot;blood pressure.<sup>1</sup>* Xuěya gāo is &quot;high blood pressure,’’ and xuěyā di is ’’low blood pressure.<sup>11</sup></p>
<p>zhēnjiū: &quot;acupuncture and moxibustion” Also pronounced zhēn,1iu. Acupuncture is a practice of traditional (but not necessarily orthodox) Chinese medicine where parts of the body are pierced with needles to treat disease or relieve pain. This is &quot;based on the idea that the body<sup>1</sup>s energy (qi) forms an integral system vhich must be maintained for good health.</p>
<p>This is done by applying pressure or releasing pressure to restore the balance of £1^. Moxibustion (traditionally more important than acupuncture) involves the smoldering of herbs on certain body points. In some cases the herbs are placed directly on the skin and lit with a stick of incense; at other times <sub>9</sub> a slice of ginger is first placed on the skin and the herbs burned on top.</p>
<p>Nǐ xiǎng ~bu xiSng zhSo zhēn jiu daifu gěi ni kankan?: This has been translated on the Reference List as Do you want to see an acupuncturist?” which is the conversational English equivalent. A translation more revealing of the structure of the question might be: <sup>ft</sup>Do you want to look for an acupuncture doctor to give you treatment?”</p>
<p>liuxingxing gǎnmāo: ’’influenza, flu，” literally &quot;epidemic cold.’’ Liuxing: the verb <sup>lf</sup>to &quot;be prevalent, to be popular, to be common.&quot; -Xing means &quot;quality, characteristic,<sup>,f</sup> and when used as a suffix corresponds to <sup>lf</sup>-esque<sup>,f</sup> in &quot;picturesque，’，or &quot;-like<sup>1</sup>’ in <sup>n</sup>childlike•” Liuxingxinfz： is then &quot;having the characteristic of being prevalent,<sup>ft</sup> specifically epidemic/<sup>1</sup></p>
<p>kai dāo: &quot;to operate; to be operated on,，，literally <sup>n</sup>to open or operate the knife.&quot;</p>
<p>DIALOGUE FOR PART III</p>
<p>In Beijing a worker pays a return visit to a health clinic.</p>
<p>D: Chile wS gěi nide yao, hao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are you a little better after having</p>
<p>yidianr le ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;taken the medicine I gave you?</p>
<p>A: Haishi t6u těng, h6ulong těng, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I still have a headache, and I<sup>f</sup>m not</p>
<p>shui jiao shuide hěn bū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sleeping well at all. I often</p>
<p>hǎo, yěli changchang xǐng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wake up at night.</p>
<p>D: WS kankan nide houlong. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let me have a look at your throat.</p>
<p>A: S. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ahhh•</p>
<p>D: Nide houlong hěn hong. Qing ba &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Your throat is very red. Please</p>
<p>shangyī tuSle- Kesou yishēng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;take off your upper clothes. Cough.</p>
<p>Hao. Nǐ xiān liāngliang txwēn, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay. First I<sup>1</sup>11 take your temper-</p>
<p>ranhou wo zai gěi nǐ liang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ature, and then I'll take your</p>
<p>xuěyā. • . . Wēndu bu gāo, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;blood pressure. • • • Your temper-</p>
<p>sānshiqi du. Nǐ congqian you &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ature isn<sup>f</sup>t high, 3了 degrees. Have</p>
<p>xuěyā gao ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you had high blood pressure before?</p>
<p>A: Měiyou. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No.</p>
<p>D: Jīntiān nǐde xueyā you diSnr gāo, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Your blood pressure is a little high</p>
<p>dagai shi zuotiān yěli shuide &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;today, Tt<sup>1</sup>s probably that you</p>
<p>bu hao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;didn’t sleep well last night,</p>
<p>A: Yīshēng, yige lǐbai le, zěnme &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Doctor, it<sup>f</sup>s been a week. How come</p>
<p>hāi měi hao? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I’m still not better?</p>
<p>D: Liuxingxing ganmao hěn bu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Influenza is really not easy to get</p>
<p>rongyi hǎo. Wo gěi nǐ kāi ge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rid of. 1*11 write you a prescrip-</p>
<p>yaofāng, zai chī dianr āslpīlln. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tion, and you take some more aspir—</p>
<p>Nǐ hai yao duo he diSnr kāishuī, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in. Also, drink a lot of (boiled)</p>
<p>duo xiūxi xiuxi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;water, and get a lot of rest.</p>
<p>A: Hao, xiěxie ni. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, thank you.</p>
<p>NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE</p>
<p>*kěsou yishēng: Literally, <sup>11</sup> cough &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;one sound.<sup>n</sup> -Sheng is the counter</p>
<p>for utterances *</p>
<p>Unit 5， Vocabulary</p>
<p>āiyou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ouch; oh dear</p>
<p>āsīpīlin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;aspirin</p>
<p>chī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to take (medicine)</p>
<p>dabian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bowel movement</p>
<p>daliian bīi tong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be constipated</p>
<p>daifu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;doctor</p>
<p>di &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be low</p>
<p>-dū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;degree (e.g., on a thermometer)</p>
<p>duzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;belly, abdomen, stomach</p>
<p>fāshāo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to have a fever</p>
<p>ganmao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to catch cold; a cold</p>
<p>houlong (houlong) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;throat</p>
<p>kāi dao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to operate; to be operated on</p>
<p>kāi yaofāng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to write a prescription</p>
<p>kāishuī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;boiled water</p>
<p>kan bing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to have an illness treated/diagnosed</p>
<p>kan daifu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to see a doctor</p>
<p>kěsou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to cough</p>
<p>lā duzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to have diarrhea</p>
<p>liang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to measure</p>
<p>liang tǐwēn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to take a person<sup>1</sup>s temperature</p>
<p>lihai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be severe, to &quot;be fierce</p>
<p>liuxingxing ganmao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;influenza, flu</p>
<p>něike &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;internal medicine, general medicine;</p>
<p>department of internal medicine</p>
<p>něike yīshēng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;internist, physician</p>
<p>shangyī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;upper garment</p>
<p>sheng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to develop (as in shēng bing)</p>
<p>shēng bīng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to get sick, to become ill</p>
<p>tang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to lie, to recline</p>
<p>těng (tong) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to hurt, to ache</p>
<p>tiwēn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(body) temperature</p>
<p>tou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;head</p>
<p>tou těne &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to have a headache; headache</p>
<p>tū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to vomit</p>
<p>tuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to take off (clothing)</p>
<p>wāikē &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;surgical department</p>
<p>wāikē yīshēng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;surgeon</p>
<p>věi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;stomach</p>
<p>věibing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;stomach trouble, gastric disease</p>
<p>wēndu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;temperature</p>
<p>xiang tu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to feel nauseous</p>
<p>xiaobian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to urinate; urination</p>
<p>xiě du(zi) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to have diarrhea</p>
<p>xuěyā &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;blood pressure</p>
<p>xuěyā dT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;low blood pressure</p>
<p>xuěyā gao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;high blood pressure, hypertension</p>
<p>yao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;medicine</p>
<p>yaofāng(r) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;prescription</p>
<p>yīshēng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;doctor</p>
<p>yiyuān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hospital</p>
<p>yun &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be dizzy</p>
<p>zhēnjiū (zhēnjiǔ) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;acupuncture and moxibustion</p>
<p>Personal Welfare Module， Unit 6 Accidents and Difficulties</p>
<p>PART I</p>
<p>REFERENCE LIST</p>
<p>1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zǎogao! Zěnme ban? Wode hūzhāo Oh, no! What am I going to do?</p>
<p>diǔ le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>1</sup>ve lost my passport.</p>
<p>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wo xiang nǐ děi dao jīngcha<sub>t</sub>1u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I think you should go to the police</p>
<p>qu zhao j^ngcha tanyitan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;station and find a policeman to</p>
<p>talk it over vith.</p>
<p>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jǐngchaju ySu fanyi ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are there interpreters at the</p>
<p>police station?</p>
<p>b. <sup>l,</sup>Waishi<sup>n</sup> jiu shi vaiguo rěnde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;^Wāishi” means matters having to do</p>
<p>shiqing. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;with foreigners•</p>
<p>5- WS ba jiashǐ zhlzhao diū le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I've lost my driver's license.</p>
<p>6. Jīntiān zǎoshang wS cai faxian 工 didn’t discover I<sup>f</sup>d lost it until diū le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;this morning.</p>
<p>了. WS xiwang něng kuāi yidianr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I hope I can get a new one quickly, ling yige xīnde.</p>
<p>8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yaolpuran bū něng kāi chē，bū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Otherwise it vill be inconvenient</p>
<p>fāngbian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;not being able to drive.</p>
<p>9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ni qū zhao xiang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Go and have your picture taken.</p>
<p>10. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;G5ng'ānju &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bureau of Public Security</p>
<p>11. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;waishi jingchā &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;foreign affairs policeman</p>
<p>REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I</p>
<p>zaogāo: &quot;too bad, oh darn, how terrible, what a mess,<sup>n</sup> literally, ,’rotten-cake.’’ This is used as an exclamation of dismay. It is often equivalent to &quot;Oh no!，,：</p>
<p>Zāogāo! Wǒ wangle dai fěijT- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, no! I forgot to bring the</p>
<p>piao le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;plane tickets!</p>
<p>As an adjectival verb, zāogāo means &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;to &quot;be in a mess, to be in a bad state,，， as in:</p>
<p>Narde qlngxing hěn zāogāo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The situation there is a mess.</p>
<p>Zhěiben shū xiěde zhēn zāogāo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This book is terribly written.</p>
<p>Tā hěn zāogāo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He<sup>1</sup>s in a very bad way.</p>
<p>Yaoshi zhěige bingrěn lāide zai If this patient had come any later wan yidianr jiu zāogāo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;than he did, he would have been</p>
<p>in a real mess (in &quot;big trouble).</p>
<p>diū: &quot;to lose” You can analyze the sentence Wode huzhao diu le this vay:</p>
<p>Wode huzhao__diū le,_</p>
<p>As for my passport， I (it has been) lost.</p>
<p>In some areas of China (including Taivan) you would hear the word diao instead of diū: Wode huzhao diao le.</p>
<p>fānyi: &quot;to translate, to interpret; translator, interpreter，， Also pronounced fānyi (with a neutral-tone yi)•</p>
<p>shiqing: &quot;matter, affair, business, thing.&quot; Shiqing refers to abstract things, while dSngxi refers to concrete things -</p>
<p>jiāshǐ zhizhao: &quot;driver’s license” Jiashi is &quot;to drive (a vehicle) Zhizhao is a &quot;license， permit•”</p>
<p>faxian: ’’to discover, to find, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to find out&quot;</p>
<p>Wo zai zhěr fāxianle yige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I’ve discovered a problem here, věnti.</p>
<p>Zhěi shi gang fāxiānde yizhSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This is a nev kind of medicine</p>
<p>xīnde yao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;which has just been discovered.</p>
<p>The object of faxian may also be a clause:</p>
<p>Wo huilaile yǐhou jiu faxian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When I came back I discovered that</p>
<p>tā yījīng zou le‘ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;he had already left.</p>
<p>The expression Wo faxian , . . can often be translated as <sup>f,</sup>I notice that • . .’’or ’’I find that • ~~7* 厂 It often prefaces a personal observation, as in:</p>
<p>Wǒ faxian hen duo Meiguo rěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I find that many Americans feel</p>
<p>juěde you hāizi hěn mafan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that it<sup>f</sup>s a lot of trouble to</p>
<p>have children.</p>
<p>WS fāxiān ni hen xihuan xīnde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I notice (or, <sup>lf</sup>I get the impression<sup>1</sup>')</p>
<p>dōngxi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that you like new things very much.</p>
<p>As a noun, faxian means &quot;discovery’<sup>1</sup>:</p>
<p>Zhěi shi yige hěn zhongyaode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This is a very important discovery,</p>
<p>faxian.</p>
<p>cai: &quot;then and only then，not until” This adverb should be used when an event happens relatively late: <sup>f</sup>’not until this morning.” Cai is the opposite of Jiu, the word for，’then” when something happens sooner or earlier. When a sentence using cai describes a completed action, the verb will hardly ever take the ending -le; notice that faxian in sentence 6 cannot have -le. Here is another example:</p>
<p>Tā zuotiān cai gaosu vo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He didn<sup>1</sup>t tell me until yesterday.</p>
<p>kuai yidianr: &quot;a little more quickly,<sup>M</sup> or as in No. 了， &quot;soon.” Kuai yidianr gives the impression of &quot;being even sooner than zǎo yidianr. Both mean ”soon•&quot;</p>
<p>ling: &quot;to receive, to get，to pick up, to collect<sup>11</sup> something that is issued or given (a prize, salary， materials, passport, etc.)</p>
<p>yaoburan: &quot;otherwise/’ literally <sup>,?</sup>if-not-thus.<sup>M</sup> Like keshi ,’but&quot; and danshi &quot;~but，howeveryaoburān always comes at the front of the clause in which it occurs.</p>
<p>Vo dei mashang zou, yāoburān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I have to go right away, otherwise</p>
<p>wǒ jiū wan le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I'll be late.</p>
<p>Wǒ dei zuo fēijī qu, yāoburān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;工 have to take a plane, otherwise</p>
<p>jiu tai man le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it’ll be too slow.</p>
<p>zhao xiang: ”to take a picture,<sup>11</sup> literally, &quot;illuminate-iniage.” You already learned zhāoxiangji&gt; &quot;camera，<sup>M</sup> in WLF Unit h, Part I. The counter for xiang &quot;pictures is -zhān^ (the same one as for tables, sheets of paper and other flat things)• Zhao jǐzhāng xiang thus means &quot;to take a few pictures.'' (When NOT using the word xiang as the object of zhao, however, you should use zhaopian or xiangpian for &quot;photograph,)</p>
<p>Like many verb-object expressions, zhao xiang has the potential ajntii-guity of meaning either ”to (verb) an (object)<sup>,r</sup> or &quot;to have an (object) (verb)-ed<sup>M</sup>: &quot;to take a picture” or &quot;to have one<sup>f</sup>s picture taken. You saw this with several verb-object expressions in Unit 3:</p>
<p>jiǎn toufa &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to cut hair &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have one<sup>f</sup>s hair cut</p>
<p>xǐ tou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to give a shampoo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;get a shampoo</p>
<p>guā huzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to shave &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have a shave</p>
<p>cā plxiě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to shine shoes &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have one<sup>f</sup>s shoes shined</p>
<p>tang toufa &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to give a permanent &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to get a permanent</p>
<p>juan toufa &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to curl hair &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to have one’s hair curled</p>
<p>zhao xiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to take a picture &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to have one <sup>T</sup>s picture taken</p>
<p>For example, in the case of zhao xiang, a photographer might say Wo qu zhao xiāng» ”1 am going to take pictures”； but a person going to a photographer 's studio might say the same sentence, Wo qū zhao xiang, meaning ”1 am going to have my picture taken.&quot;</p>
<p>The fact that such sentences may mean either of two things rarely causes any misunderstandings in practice• The context almost always makes it perfectly clear which meaning is intended.</p>
<p>With these verb-object expressions, if you vant to specify the person on vhom the action is performed, you have to use a gěi phrase (you can't make the person the direct object because the verb already has a direct object). For example, to say ”工’m going to take a picture of you,<sup>u</sup> say:.</p>
<p>Wǒ gei nǐ zhao xiang.</p>
<p>Likewise:</p>
<p>Tā taitai gěi ta jian toufa. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;His wife cuts his hair.</p>
<p>*Although misunderstandings are rare, they are not impossible. Here is a short exchange illustrating how zhao xiang might be misunderstood and how the misunderstanding might be cleared up, (For this example you need to know zhaopian, ’’photograph，’’ and zhāoxian^Ruǎn，’’photography studio,)</p>
<p>A: Wǒ jīntiān zhao xiang qu le. Today 工 vent to take pictures/</p>
<p>to have my picture taken.</p>
<p>B: Zhao shěnme? Zhao fēngjing What did you take pictures of?</p>
<p>ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Did you take pictures of scenery?</p>
<p>A: Bū shi a. Yinvěi wo yao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No. I'm going to get a passport</p>
<p>ling huzhao, děi you &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and need photographs, so I went</p>
<p>zhaopian, suoyi wǒ qū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to a photo studio and had them</p>
<p>zhaoxiangguǎn qǐng tamen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;take my picture,</p>
<p>gei vo zhao xiang.</p>
<p>Here &quot;A&quot; meant by his first sentence ’’Today I went to have my picture taken, but ”B” understood him to mean &quot;Today I vent to take pictures,”</p>
<p>wai^hT .ITdkcIkI : &quot;rorcign affairs policemcn/<sup>1</sup> l-ho：īe who (Iom.I wl l.li</p>
<p>1'ore i Kii n.*it i on；il •</p>
<p>1U八U、(;UK KOH PAKT I</p>
<p>A foreign ofl'icial in Běijīng talks with a Chinese colleague.</p>
<p>M: Ni Jintian zěnme lai zěnme wan? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;JIow come you are so late today?</p>
<p>F: Zhēn zāogāo! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>1</sup>s Just awful!</p>
<p>M: Zěnine le? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;VThat happened?</p>
<p>V: Wǒ ba jiashi zhizhao diū le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>vn lost my driver’s license. I</p>
<p>Wo shi z\xo chūzǔ qichē laide. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;had to come by taxi .</p>
<p>M： 7,ai nǎr diūd<sup>1</sup> a? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Where did you lose it?</p>
<p>F: Wo bu zhīdao. Jīntiān zǎoshang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don*t know. I didn’t discover</p>
<p>wS cai faxian diū le. Wo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>d lost it until this morning,</p>
<p>zěnme ban? Yao dao jingchājū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What am I to do? Should I go</p>
<p>qu ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to the police station?</p>
<p>M: Wǒ wěnyiwěn Gong<sup>1</sup>anjū zěnme gei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I'll ask the Bureau of Public Security</p>
<p>ni ling yipe xīnde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;how to get you a nev one.</p>
<p>F: Wǒ xiwang něng kuai yidianr. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I hope it vill be soon. Otherwise</p>
<p>Yaoburan bu něng kāi che &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it will be' inconvenient not being</p>
<p>bu fāngbian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;able to drive.</p>
<p>M: Na ni xiān qu zhao xiang. Wo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Well, then, you go and get your</p>
<p>gěi ni wěnwen zěnme ban. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;picture taken, 1*11 ask for</p>
<p>you what you should do.</p>
<p>NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE</p>
<p>Zai nSr diǔd^?: &quot;Where did you &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lose it?” d'a is a contraction of de</p>
<p>and a^. The whole sentence vould be Ni shi zai nar diǔde a?</p>
<p>PART II</p>
<p>REFERENCE LIST</p>
<p>12. Ai! Shěi lai banRban^ mang! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hey! Will someone please come</p>
<p>help!</p>
<p>13- Tā bei qichē zhuang le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He was hit by a car,</p>
<p>1^. Tā mōtuSchē qide tai kuāi le. He was driving his motorcycle too</p>
<p>fast.</p>
<p>15. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WSde tux těngsǐ le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;My leg is hurting me to death!</p>
<p>16. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nǐ liu xue le ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are you bleeding?</p>
<p>17. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WSmen xiān ba tā tai dao lū- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let<sup>f</sup>s first carry him to the side</p>
<p>biānrshang qu ba. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of the road.</p>
<p>18. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wǒde tuǐ don^buliǎo, dāgāi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I can<sup>1</sup>t move my leg， the bone is</p>
<p>gūtou duan le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;probably broken.</p>
<p>19. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qǐng ni mashang gěi yīyuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Please call the hospital</p>
<p>da dianhua. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;immediately.</p>
<p>20. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Biě zhǎojl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don<sup>f</sup>t get upset.</p>
<p>21. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wo zai zhěr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kānzhe ta. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>T</sup>11 stay here and look after him.</p>
<p>22. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-liang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for vehicles)</p>
<p>23. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jiūhuchē &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;anfbulance</p>
<p>REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART II</p>
<p>shěi: ,’someone，’ The question word shěi <sup>f,</sup>who<sup>M</sup> can also be used to mean <sup>1</sup> someone.<sup>M</sup></p>
<p>běi: This is the prepositional verb which indicates the doer of the action, similar to the English &quot;by<sup>11</sup> in passive sentences. In sentences with běj. it is the subject (tā in sentence 12) vhich received the action and the object of běi (qichē in sentence 12) which did the action.</p>
<p>Wode zidian běi xuěsheng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;My dictionary was taken by a</p>
<p>nazou le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;student•</p>
<p>Běi has a special characteristic other prepositional verbs do not share: it can occur WITHOUT AN OBJECT. Its passive meaning is still evident in the rest of the sentence:</p>
<p>W5de xīn qichē běi zhuāng le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Viy new car was hit.</p>
<p>WSde yǔsan běi nāzǒu le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ity umbrella vas taken.</p>
<p>qi: &quot;to ride/drive by straddling&quot; While zuo is the verb &quot;to ride<sup>1</sup>’ generally - and specifically when sitting down, £1_ is the verb ’’to ride” used with horses, motorcycles and bicycles.</p>
<p>těngsǐ le: &quot;to hurt a lot,<sup>1</sup>’ literally ”to hurt to death (figuratively speakingT^</p>
<p>liū xue: <sup>,f</sup>to &quot;bleed,” literally &quot;to flow blood<sup>11</sup> Xuě is also pronounced xiě and xuě.</p>
<p>tai: <sup>,?</sup>to lift or carry (by two or more persons)’’</p>
<p>Qing b5 zhěige zhu5zi tai- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Please carry this table in (with me</p>
<p>jinlai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;or someone else).</p>
<p>Qlng &quot;ba zhěi liSngjian da xfngli Please carry (with me or someone else) taishang chē qu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;these two large suitcases onto the</p>
<p>train.</p>
<p>Ba dianshi taixiā l6u lai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bring the television downstairs</p>
<p>with me*</p>
<p>dong: <sup>n</sup>to move (either oneself or something else)”</p>
<p>Biě dong! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don<sup>1</sup>t move.</p>
<p>Xiān bu yao dong ta. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let<sup>f</sup>s not move him just yet.</p>
<p>(Dong can also mean ’’to touch，’ something, so Biě dong can also mean <sup>n</sup>Don<sup>f</sup>t touch it.”）</p>
<p>dongbuliǎo: &quot;unable to move” The endings -deliǎo ’’able” and -*buliao ”unable are used with action verbs to show the result of the action.</p>
<p>Zěnme duo xlngli, w5 yige rěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I canH carry all this luggage by</p>
<p>nabuliao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;myself•</p>
<p>Tā kāi dāo bu jiu, hāi zSu- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It hasn<sup>f</sup>t been long since the</p>
<p>buliSo lū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;operation. She's not yet able</p>
<p>to walk.</p>
<p>Xia zhěme da yǔ. Xianzai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It’s raining so hard. We can<sup>f</sup>t</p>
<p>zSubuliSo• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;leave now.</p>
<p>mashang: <sup>n</sup>immediately, right avay,” literally &quot;on a horse&quot;</p>
<p>da dianhua: <sup>n</sup>to make a phone call,” literally <sup>fl</sup>to hit electric-speedi. To indicate vho you are calling, use the prepositional verb g?i &quot;for, to.”</p>
<p>NS gei shěi dS diānhuā? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Who are you calling?</p>
<p>Lao Wang you gei ni da diSn- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lao Wang called you again,</p>
<p>hua le.</p>
<p>The noun dianhua by itself can mean either <sup>,f</sup>telephone<sup>fl</sup> or <sup>,f</sup>telephone call,</p>
<p>Nǐ hai měiyou dianhua ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are you still without a phone?</p>
<p>You nide dianhua. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There<sup>1</sup>s a call for you.</p>
<p>Sometimes you can use dianhua where English would have ”telephone number<sup>11</sup>: Nide dianhua shi duSshao ?</p>
<p>zhao.1i: &quot;to get up&amp;et, to get excited with worry, to feel anxious”</p>
<p>Nǐ tāi zhaoji. Women zhěr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You’re too anxious/vorried. We</p>
<p>měiyou shěnme went!. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;donH have any problems here,</p>
<p>kan: ”to look after (something)&quot; The verb kan <sup>M</sup>to look, to see<sup>11</sup> changes tones when it means <sup>,?</sup>to look after something.<sup>11</sup></p>
<p>Nǐ qu Xiānggangde shihou, shěi Who<sup>1</sup>11 be looking after your house gěi ni kan fangzi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;when you go to Hong Kong?</p>
<p>Shěi gei ni kān hdizi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Who looks after the children (OR</p>
<p>babysits) for you?</p>
<p>-zhe: This is the marker of DURATION. It may &quot;be added to an action or process verb to indicate that the action lasts for some amount of time. In the sentence Wo zai zhěr kanzhe ta &quot;I’ll stay here and look after him,<sup>n</sup> the speaker is saying that he will do this and CONTINUE it for some time. -Zhe can be used whether the time is past, present or future.</p>
<p>Tā zai něibiān zuozhe, Xiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She was sitting there when XiSo</p>
<p>Lan paojinlai gāosu ta &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lan ran in and told her papa</p>
<p>baba hullai le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;had returned.</p>
<p>Tā hai bingzhe ne. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He<sup>f</sup>s still sick. (The -zhe tells</p>
<p>you that the illness is lasting for some time. Without -zhe， bing means <sup>,f</sup>get sick,<sup>11</sup> not <sup>n</sup>be sick.</p>
<p>Ne tells you this is not a new situation [absence of change].)</p>
<p>Zuozhe ba. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sit for a while.</p>
<p>DIALOGUE FOR PART 工I</p>
<p>A passerby (B) on a street in Běijīng is called by the driver of a motorcycle (A) who has just had an accident vith a pedestrian (C).</p>
<p>A: Wěi, lai &quot;bāngbang mang! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hey, someone quick come help us!</p>
<p>B: Zěnme le? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What happened?</p>
<p>A: Zhěiwěi tongzhi běi wo zhuāng le. This comrade was hit by me.</p>
<p>B: Běi nī zhuāng le? Zhěiliang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hit by you? Is this your motor-</p>
<p>motuochē shi nǐde? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cycle?</p>
<p>A: Hāi, biě shuo le. Wo qide tai (Sigh) Don’t even talk about it.</p>
<p>kuai, měi kānjian ta. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I was riding too fast, I didn't</p>
<p>see him.</p>
<p>C: Aiyo, wode ma yo . • • Aiyo! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ov，my mother° • • • Ov! It hurts</p>
<p>Těngsǐ wo le. • • • Wode tuǐ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;like crazy. ... my leg . • •</p>
<p>B: Liule zhěme duo xuě, zhēn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He<sup>1</sup>s lost so much blood. This is</p>
<p>zaogǎo! Xianzai zěnme ban ne? terrible. What should ve do now? Women xiān &quot;bǎ ta tai dao lu- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;First, let<sup>1</sup> s carry him to the side</p>
<p>biānrshang qu ba! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of the road,</p>
<p>C: Ao, wode tui dongbuliǎo, dāgāi Oh, I can't move my leg. It’s gutou duan le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;probably broken.</p>
<p>A: Wǒ xiǎng zuīhao xiān bū yao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I think it vould be best not to</p>
<p>dong ta, w5 zai zhěr, nǐ qu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;move him for the time being. 1*11</p>
<p>da dianhua jiao liang jiuhūche &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;stay here. You call for an ambu-</p>
<p>lai， zai da ge dianhua jiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lance, and then call for the police</p>
<p>Jlngcha lāi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to come.</p>
<p>He’s not calling for his mother; this is a moan.</p>
<p>B: Hao, nī zai zhěr kānzhe ta. Wo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay， you stay here and watch him.</p>
<p>mashang jiu qu. (to C): &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I'll go right avay. (to C): Don<sup>f</sup>t</p>
<p>Něivei tongzhi ni biě zhao j x • &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;get upset, comrade. The anibulance</p>
<p>Dāle dianhua jiūhuchē mashing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;will be here right after I call, jiu dāo.</p>
<p>A: Nin • . . nin kuāi qu ba! Xiěxie &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You . • . you go quickly! Thank you. nin le!</p>
<p>PART III REFERENCE LIST</p>
<p>2h. Ni měi kānj ian zhěige paizi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Didn't you see this sign? ma?</p>
<p>25. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wo měi zhuyi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I wasn't paying attention.</p>
<p>26. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yǐhou ni yao xiaoxīn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;From now on you must be careful.</p>
<p>27. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ntmen bū kěyi zai zhěli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You can't swim here.</p>
<p>youyong.</p>
<p>28. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nimen zai zhěli youyong you &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It's dangerous for you to swim</p>
<p>věixian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;here.</p>
<p>29. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wǒ bu shi guyi jinlaide. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I didn't enter here 「the restricted</p>
<p>area」 on purpone.</p>
<p>30. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Rang vo kankan nide huzhao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let me see your passport.</p>
<p>31 <sub>#</sub> Zhěli shi <sub>t</sub>]ūnshi diqū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This is a military area here.</p>
<p>32, Zhanzhu! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Halt!</p>
<p>REFERENCE NOTES ON PART III</p>
<p>paizi: &quot;sign, poster, plate,&quot; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;also a &quot;brand name， trademark&quot;</p>
<p>Ni maide shi shěnme paizide &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;V/hat brand of camera did you buy? zhāoxiangji?</p>
<p>Něige hong pāizishang xiede &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What iz written on that red</p>
<p>shi shěnme? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sign?</p>
<p>zhuyi : <sup>M</sup>to pay attention to, to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;take notice of<sup>ī?</sup></p>
<p>Wo měi zhuyi tā shi gēr* shěi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I didn’t notice who he le ft with, zoude.</p>
<p>Zhuyi dianr! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;F^lease pay a more attention!</p>
<p>bu kěyi: &quot;cannot&quot; Of the three &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;auxiliary verbs nen^，hui and keyi.</p>
<p>kěyi is the one to use when the &quot;can” &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;or &quot;cannot&quot; is due to someone granting or withholding permission.</p>
<p>youySng: ”to svim”</p>
<p>Ni hui bu hui youyong? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Can you swim?</p>
<p>Wo yoxaySng youde bū tāi hao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don't swim too veil.</p>
<p>věixian: &quot;to be dangerous, to be perilous<sup>M</sup> Also pronounced weixiǎn.</p>
<p>Zai Taiběi qi mStuoche tāi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It<sup>f</sup>s too dangerous to ride a motorcyle</p>
<p>weixiǎn le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in Taipei.</p>
<p>Tā bu pā věixian, tā shěnme dou He<sup>f</sup>s not afraid of danger. He<sup>f</sup>11 yao zuo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;do anything.</p>
<p>guyi: &quot;intentionally, willfully, on purpose&quot;</p>
<p>Tā guyi ba něixie shū diū le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She lost those books on purpose.</p>
<p>Duībuqǐ, wo bu shi guyx (zuo)de. I'm sorry, ī didn<sup>1</sup>t do it on</p>
<p>purpose.</p>
<p>rang: &quot;to let，to allow, to cause (someone to do something) Z<sup>1</sup> This is a prepositional verb, i.e. rang and its object both precede the main verb.</p>
<p>Tā bū rang wo zou. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She won’t let me leave.</p>
<p>Nǐ zěnme kěyi rang tā zěnme &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov could you make her so unhappy!</p>
<p>bu gāoxing?</p>
<p>FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PAET III</p>
<p>A Canadian man (M) has just entered an area in Běijīng prohibited to foreigners, having failed to notice a sign in English to that effect. A policewoman (F) calls out to him.</p>
<p>F: Hai! Zhanzhu! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hey! Halt!</p>
<p>M: Shěnme shīr? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What<sup>1</sup>s the matter?</p>
<p>F: Nǐ měi kānjian zhěige paizi ma? Didn<sup>1</sup>t you see this sign?</p>
<p>M: Ou, duibuqǐ. Wo měi zhuyi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, excuse me. I wasn't paying</p>
<p>Wo bu shi guyi jinlaide. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;attention. I didn<sup>f</sup>t enter here</p>
<p>intentionally.</p>
<p>F: Ni shi naiguo rěn na? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What•s your nationality?</p>
<p>M: Wo shi Jiānada rěn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vm Canadian.</p>
<p>F: Rang wo kankan nide huzhao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let me see your passport.</p>
<p>M: Mm. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mm.</p>
<p>(The policewoman writes down his name and passport number.)</p>
<p>F: Yihou zhuyi dianr. Biě zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;From now on pay more attention.</p>
<p>zoucuo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don't walk into the wrong place</p>
<p>again.</p>
<p>M: Wo zhi dao le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Now I know.</p>
<p>NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE</p>
<p>zhīdao le: ’’now I know,” or ”1 understand” This is the marker le for new situations.</p>
<p>SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART III</p>
<p>An American woman and her two children are swimming along the beach in Taiwan. A soldier calls to them.</p>
<p>M: 6i! Shānglai! Nimen shanglai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hey! Come up! Come up here.</p>
<p>F: You shěnme shi a? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What's the matter?</p>
<p>M: Nimen bū kěyi zai zhěli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You can’t swim here, youyong.</p>
<p>F: Weishěnme? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Why?</p>
<p>M: Nǐ měi kāndao něige paizi ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Didn't you see that sign?</p>
<p>F: Kandao le, buguo • . . &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, &quot;but . . •</p>
<p>M: Paizi shang shu5 shěnme? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What does it say on the sign?</p>
<p>F: Duituqi, wS bū hui kan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>m sorry, I can't read Chinese. Shōngwěn.</p>
<p>M: Zhěli shi jūnshi diqǔ. Bu kěyi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This is a military area here. You</p>
<p>yoooySng. Nimen zai zhěli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;can't swim. It<sup>1</sup> s dangerous for</p>
<p>yoiayǒng you weixiǎn. Xiaci &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you to swim here. In the future</p>
<p>bu yao zai lai le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you shouldn't come here any more.</p>
<p>F: Hao. Xiěxie ni. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Very well. Thank you.</p>
<p>NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE</p>
<p>xiaci bū yao zai lai le: <sup>n</sup>in the future don,七 come here again (any more<sup>M</sup> In addition to meaning ,，next time,” xiaci can mean generally &quot;in the future.”</p>
<p>Unit 6， &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vocabulary</p>
<p>bang mSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to help, to aid, to assist</p>
<p>běi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by (indicates the one vho carries</p>
<p>out the action in a passive sentence)</p>
<p>-buliao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;unable to ••• (verb ending)</p>
<p>dS dianhua &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to make a phone call, to telephone</p>
<p>dianhua &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;telephone, telephone call</p>
<p>diqū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;area， region</p>
<p>diū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to lose</p>
<p>dong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to move</p>
<p>dongbuliǎo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;unable to move</p>
<p>duan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to sever, to break</p>
<p>fānyi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to interpret, to translate</p>
<p>faxian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to discover</p>
<p>Gong<sup>1</sup>anju &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bureau of Public Security (PRC)</p>
<p>gūtou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bone</p>
<p>guyi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;intentionally, willfully, on purpose</p>
<p>jiashi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;driver, pilot; to drive, to pilot</p>
<p>jiashi zhlzhao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;driver's license</p>
<p>jJngcha &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;policeman</p>
<p>jǐngchajū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;police station</p>
<p>Jiuhūche &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ambulance</p>
<p>jūnshi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;military</p>
<p>kan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to look after, to watch over</p>
<p>-liang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for vehicles)</p>
<p>līng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to collect, to pick up (something</p>
<p>which is issued)</p>
<p>liti xuě (xiě, xuě) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to bleed</p>
<p>lubiān(r) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;side of the road</p>
<p>mashang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;immediately</p>
<p>mStuōchē (mStuochē) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;motorcycle</p>
<p>paizi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sign, poster, plate; &quot;brand name,</p>
<p>trade mark</p>
<p>ql &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to ride by straddling</p>
<p>rang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to let, to allov, to cause someone</p>
<p>to do something</p>
<p>shěi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;someone</p>
<p>shiqing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;matter, affair, business, thing</p>
<p>-sǐle &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;like crazy, to death (state verb</p>
<p>ending)</p>
<p>tai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to carry (by two or more people)</p>
<p>těngsi le &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to hurt like crazy, to hurt to</p>
<p>death (figuratively) tuǐ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;leg</p>
<p>wāishx &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;foreign affairs</p>
<p>wāiguo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;foreign country</p>
<p>věixian (weixiǎn) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be dangerous, to be perilous,</p>
<p>danger</p>
<p>yāoburān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;otherwise, or else</p>
<p>y6uyǒng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to swim</p>
<p>zāogāo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;oh no! how awful! how terrible!</p>
<p>what a mess!; to be awful zhāoji &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to get upset, to be anxious, to</p>
<p>be worried</p>
<p>zhao xiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to take a picture</p>
<p>-zhe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;marker of duration for actions and</p>
<p>states</p>
<p>zhuāng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to bump into, to run into, to</p>
<p>collide vith</p>
<p>zhuyi (zhuyi) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to pay attention, to take notice</p>
<p>Appendix 1: Parts of the Body*</p>
<p>abdomen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fu(bū)</p>
<p>ankle &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jiaowanzi</p>
<p>appendix &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lānwěi</p>
<p>arm &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ge&quot;bei, gebo, shSubi</p>
<p>back &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;běi</p>
<p>blood &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xiě, xuě, xuě</p>
<p>blood vessel &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xuěguǎn(r)</p>
<p>bone &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gutou, gutou</p>
<p>brain &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nSo(zi)</p>
<p>breast &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rufang， nai， rǔ</p>
<p>buttocks &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pigǔ</p>
<p>cheek &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mianjia, sai</p>
<p>chest &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xiSngbu， xiSngtang</p>
<p>chin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xiaba</p>
<p>ear &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ěrduo</p>
<p>elbov &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gēbeizhSu(r)</p>
<p>eye &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yanjing</p>
<p>eyeball &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yanzhūzi (colloquial), yanqiu</p>
<p>eyebrow &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;měimao</p>
<p>face &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lian</p>
<p>finger &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shouzhitou, shǒuzhitou</p>
<p>fingernail &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zhijia, zhijia</p>
<p>foot &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jiao</p>
<p>gums &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ySchuang</p>
<p>hand &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shSu</p>
<p>head &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tou</p>
<p>heart &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xīnzang</p>
<p>heel &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jiaogēn</p>
<p>intestines &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;changzi</p>
<p>joint &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;guānjiě</p>
<p>kidney &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shěn(zang)</p>
<p>knee &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;qīgai, xīgai</p>
<p>leg &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tuǐ</p>
<p>lip &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zuǐchun</p>
<p>liver &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gānzang</p>
<p>lung &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fěi</p>
<p>WLF, Appendices</p>
<p>mouth &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zui, kSu</p>
<p>muscle &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jxrou</p>
<p>neck &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bozi</p>
<p>nerve &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shěnjing</p>
<p>nose &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bfzi</p>
<p>rib &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lěigu, lěgǔ</p>
<p>shoulder &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jiānbǎng</p>
<p>skin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pifu</p>
<p>spine &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;j£lianggǔ</p>
<p>stomach &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wěi; duzi (belly)</p>
<p>tendon &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jian，J īn (colloquial)</p>
<p>thigh &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;datuī</p>
<p>throat &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;houlong</p>
<p>thumb &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mǔzhl</p>
<p>toe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jiaozhitou, JiSozhJ</p>
<p>tongue &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shětou</p>
<p>tonsils &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;biantāoxiān</p>
<p>tooth &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ya, yachJ</p>
<p>wrist &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wānzi</p>
<p>*Parts of the body may have several t^rms which differ as to (1) what areas of China they are used in, (2) the degree of formality, and (3) the contexts in which they are used. Here are examples of each kind of difference: (1) &quot;arm” is gēbei in the speech of Běijīng» ~but shSubi in some other parts of the country; (2) ’’armpitis gēzhivo in colloquial Běijīng speech but yěv5 in formal speech; (3) for &quot;stomach/, the medical term is věi; colloquially, it may &quot;be called věi or dūzi; and as a food (e.g. pig's stomach) it is called duzi.</p>
<p>For this list, words were chosen which you could, for example, use to tell a physician where you have a medical problem. Words vhich are either very informal or technical have &quot;been omitted.</p>
<p>It is interesting and important to realize that the Chinese and English languages sometiines differ on how they divide the human &quot;body into parts. The hip, for example, is a well-known ’’part of the body&quot; in English, but the Chinese language has no commonly used word which includes all and only what we call the <sup>f,</sup>hip.<sup>fl</sup> Rather, Chinese has a word for ,’buttocks’’ (formally, tunbu, or in spoken style, pigu) which includes the &quot;buttocks and hips below the hipbone.</p>
<p>Another example are the Chinese vords xiōngkou and xīnkSu, which refer to the center of the chest just below the breastbone, between the lower ribs• (One often feels indigestion there， for instance.) If English has a word for this part of the body, it is not nearly as common as these rVii &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;s .</p>
<p>Appendix 2: Medical Conditions<sub>a</sub> Problems, and Illnesses</p>
<p>abcess &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;n6ngzhǒng</p>
<p>allergic to... &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dui•.•guomin</p>
<p>allergy &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;guomǐnzhěng</p>
<p>appendicitis &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lanwěiyān</p>
<p>arthritis &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;guanjiěyan</p>
<p>asthma &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;qichuanbing</p>
<p>cholera &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;huoluan</p>
<p>cold &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ganmao， shāngfěng, zhaoliāng</p>
<p>cramp &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;choujīn</p>
<p>diabetes &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tāngniāobing</p>
<p>flu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lilixfngxing ganmao, liugan</p>
<p>food poisoning &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shfvu zhongdu</p>
<p>fungus &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;měi</p>
<p>hemorrhoids &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zhichuāng</p>
<p>hepatit i s &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ganyan</p>
<p>hernia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shan</p>
<p>indigestion &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xiāohuā bū liang</p>
<p>inflamed &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fāyān</p>
<p>inflammation &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yanzhěng</p>
<p>measles &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mazhen</p>
<p>nervous tension &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shěnjing jǐnzhāng</p>
<p>pneumonia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fěiyan</p>
<p>rheumatism &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fēngshi</p>
<p>stroke &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zhongfěng</p>
<p>sunburn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shāi tuo pi le (skin peeling)</p>
<p>shāihong le (red)</p>
<p>Jiao taiyang shāide</p>
<p>sunstroke &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zhongshǔ</p>
<p>tonsillitis &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;biSntaoxiānyān</p>
<p>ulcer (gastric) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;věikuiyang</p>
<p>Appendix 3： Furniture and Household Items</p>
<p>bīngxiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;refrigerator</p>
<p>chāzuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(electrical) outlet</p>
<p>chōushuǐ matǒng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;flush toilet</p>
<p>chouti &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;drawer</p>
<p>chuāng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bed</p>
<p>chuanglian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;curtain</p>
<p>děng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;.light, lamp</p>
<p>děngzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;stool</p>
<p>diandeng kāiguān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;light switch</p>
<p>dianhua &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;telephone</p>
<p>dianlūzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;electric stove; electric heater</p>
<p>dianshan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;electric fan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'</p>
<p>ditan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;carpet， rug</p>
<p>guīzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cabinet</p>
<p>hōnggānjī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dryer</p>
<p>jingzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mirror</p>
<p>lājx; lěsě (Taiwan) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;garbage</p>
<p>lājītǒng; lěsětSng (Taiwan) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;garbage pail</p>
<p>lājīxiang; lěsexiāng (Taivan) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;garbage can</p>
<p>lěngqijī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;air conditioner</p>
<p>lūzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;stove</p>
<p>saozhou, saobǎ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;broom</p>
<p>shafā &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sofa</p>
<p>shuichizi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kitchen sink</p>
<p>shullongtou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;faucet， tap</p>
<p>shǔjiazi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bookshelf</p>
<p>tuoba &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mop</p>
<p>xīchěnqi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vacuum cleaner</p>
<p>xiězitai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;desk</p>
<p>xilianpěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(bathroom) sink, washstand</p>
<p>xǐyījī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;washing machine</p>
<p>xǐzaopěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bathtub</p>
<p>yǐzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chair</p>
<p>yundou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;iron</p>
<p>zhuozi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;table</p>
<p>zizhilou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wastepaner basket</p>
<p>Appendix k: Parts of a House</p>
<p>■bichū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;closet</p>
<p>cěsuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;toilet</p>
<p>cěng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;floor, story</p>
<p>chuānghu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;window</p>
<p>chufang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kitchen</p>
<p>di &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;floor</p>
<p>dibǎn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wooden floor</p>
<p>dixiashi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;basement</p>
<p>fangdǐng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;room</p>
<p>fāngjiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;room</p>
<p>fanting &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dining room</p>
<p>kětīng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;living room</p>
<p>louti &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;stairs</p>
<p>men &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;door</p>
<p>qiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wall</p>
<p>shūfang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;study， library</p>
<p>tiānhuǎban &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ceiling</p>
<p>wěishengjiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;toilet, bathroom</p>
<p>wofang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bedroom</p>
<p>voshī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bedroom</p>
<p>wuzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;room</p>
<p>xǐzǎofang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bathroom</p>
<p>zoulāng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;corridor, hall</p>
<p>Module Vocabulary</p>
<p>Ayi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;auntie &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF h</p>
<p>āiyo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ouch &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>anmo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;massage &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>āsīpǐlln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;aspirin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>bang mang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to help, to aid, to assist &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>bao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be thin; to be light (of clothing) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>bāo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to hold, to embrace &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF k</p>
<p>běi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by (indicates the one who carries</p>
<p>out the action in a passive</p>
<p>sentence) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>-buliao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(verb ending) unable to... &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>bu yao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;don't &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>cā &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to rub, to wipe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>cha &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tea &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF h</p>
<p>chāng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be long &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>chang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;often &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>chāngchang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;often &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>chaoshī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be humid &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>chěng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;city, tovn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>chěnshān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shirt, blouse &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>chī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to take (medicine) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>chī fan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to eat &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF k</p>
<p>chicun (chǐcun) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;measurement; size &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>chuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to put on (clothing) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>chufang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kitchen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF U</p>
<p>chui běi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to pound (someone<sup>f</sup> s) back &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>chuīgān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to blow-dry &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>chuntiān (chūntian) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;spring &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>dabiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bowel movement &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>dabian bu tong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be constipated &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>da dianhua &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to make a phone call, to telephone &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>dai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to put on, to wear (glasses, gloves,</p>
<p>a hat, a watch, jewelry， etc) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>dai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to bring, to take with one &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF h</p>
<p>dai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to lead, to take &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF k</p>
<p>daifu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;doctor &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>dakai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to open &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF k</p>
<p>dayī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;overcoat &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>di &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be low &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>dianhua &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;telephone, telephone call &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>-dǐng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for hats) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>diqū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;area, region &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>diu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to lose &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>dong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to mo<sup>ir</sup>e &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>dongbuliǎo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;unable to move &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>dōngtian (dSngtian) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;winter &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WFL 1</p>
<p>-du &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;degree &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>duǎn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to &quot;be short &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>duāji &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to sever, to break &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>duzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;belly, abdomen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>fāngj ian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;room &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF k</p>
<p>fāntīng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dining room &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF h</p>
<p>fānyi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to interpret, to translate &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>fashao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to have a* fever &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>fāxiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to discover &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>fēn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;one tenth of a Chinese inch (cun) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>feng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wind &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>fengjIng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;scenery &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>fujln (fǔjin) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;area, neighborhood &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>funu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;women &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF k</p>
<p>ftxzhuangdiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;clothing store &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>gānbufū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cadre suit &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>gānjing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be clean &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>gSnmao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to catch cold; a cold &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>gSo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to do, to engage in &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF U</p>
<p>g5o wěisheng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to do cleaning &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF U</p>
<p>Gong<sup>1</sup>anjū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bureau of Public Security (PRC) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>gongyu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;apartment building; apartment &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF h</p>
<p>gongyulou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;apartment building &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF k</p>
<p>gou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be enough &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>guā &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to blow (of wind，typhoons, etc,) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>guā &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to scrape &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>guā huzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to shave (the face) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>gūtou (gutou) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bone &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>guyi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;intentionally, willfully, on purpose &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>hSibian(r) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;seashore &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>han &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and (Taiwan pronunciation) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>haoxiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to seem (to be), to appear that &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF U</p>
<p>he &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to drink &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF k</p>
<p>he &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;river &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>he &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>hěshi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to fit; to be suitable &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>hou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be think; to be heavy (of clothing) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>houlong (houlong) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;throat &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>hu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lake &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>huai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be bad; to go bad, to break &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>huanjing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;environment &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>huzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;beard OR mustache &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>jiSkě(r)/jiHkě(r) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jacket (cut above waist) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>jiǎn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to cut (with scissors) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>(counter for articles of clothing) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>Jia。 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to ask/tell (someone to do something) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF k</p>
<p>WLF， Cumulative Vocabulary</p>
<p>Jiashx &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;driver，pi lot; to drive，to pilot &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF C</p>
<p>iashT zhi/.hao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;driver’s 1 iconic &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;W<sup>T</sup>F C</p>
<p>jTn^cha &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;policeman &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>jin^chajd &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;police station &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF C</p>
<p>Jiuhuche &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ambulance &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF C</p>
<p>JuSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to curl，to roll up; a roll (of r&gt;omethinrJ , Wǐ.F 3</p>
<p>a reel (of tape)</p>
<p>Juede &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to feel &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>Jūnshi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;military &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF C</p>
<p>kāi dāo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to operate; to be operated on &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF &gt;</p>
<p>kaishl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to begin, to start &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>kāi yāofānr： &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to write a prescription &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>kaishuT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;boiled water &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>kān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to look after, to watch over &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>kan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to have (a medical problem) treated &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF ^</p>
<p>kan bin^ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to see a doctor; to see a patient &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>kěsou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to coup;h &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF &gt;</p>
<p>kětīng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;living room &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF U</p>
<p>kongqi (kongqi) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;air &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>kongqi vūran &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;air pollution &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>koudai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pocket &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF h</p>
<p>kuzi (yitiao) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pants &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>lā duzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to have diarrhea &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>leng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be cold &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>lian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;face &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF it</p>
<p>liang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to measure &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2<sub>t</sub> WLF 5</p>
<p>-liang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for vehicles) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>liǎngbiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;both sides, two sides &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>liangkuai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be cool &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>liann tiwēn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to take a person<sup>1</sup> s temperature &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;V/LF &gt;</p>
<p>liaozi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;material, fabric &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;V/LF 2</p>
<p>lihai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to severe, to be fierce &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>likai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to leave &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>ling &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to collect, to pick up (something</p>
<p>vhich is issued) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>liu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to remain, to stay; to keep, to save;</p>
<p>to grow, to let grow; to leave &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>liu huzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to grow a beard or mustache &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>liuxingxing ganmao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;influenza, flu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>liu xuě (xiě, xuě) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to bleed &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>lubiān(r) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;side of the road &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>Iuyīndai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;recording tape &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF h</p>
<p>luyīnjI &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tape recorder &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF ^</p>
<p>mafan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;trouble, bother &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF U</p>
<p>mǎlu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;street， avenue &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF U</p>
<p>maoyī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sweater &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>maozi (yiding) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hat &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>mashang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;immediately &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF C</p>
<p>měi shi (le) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;everything is all right (now); there<sup>1</sup>s</p>
<p>no (further) business &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF h</p>
<p>WLF, Cumulative Vocabulary &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;、</p>
<p>měi věnti &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;there<sup>1</sup> s no problem &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>miān'ao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Chinese-style) cotton-padded jacket &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>motuōche (mStuōchē) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;motorcycle &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>na &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;then, in that case &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>něikē &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;internal medicine, general medicine;</p>
<p>department of internal medicine &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>něikē yīshēng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;internist, physician &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>něiku &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;underpants &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>něiyī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;underwear (undershirts， undershorts， briefs，</p>
<p>slips, bras, etc.); just undershirt (vhen</p>
<p>used in contrast to něikū, underpants) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>nilong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nylon &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>niunai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(cow's) milk &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF U</p>
<p>nong (long, něng) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to do, to handle, to manage, to make &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>nong gānjing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to clean something up &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>nuanhuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be warm &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>paizi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sign, poster, plate; brand name,</p>
<p>trade mark &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>pingchang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;usually, generally, ordinarily &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 4</p>
<p>pixie &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;leather shoes &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>po &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be worn out; to break, to tear &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>qi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to ride &quot;by straddling &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>qihou (qihou) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;climate &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>qin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be clear &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>qīngjing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be quiet &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>qipao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;close-fitting woman<sup>1</sup>s dress vith high</p>
<p>neck and slit skirt; cheongsam &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>qiūtiān (qiǔtian) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;f»ll, autumn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>qu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to go &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>qunzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;skirt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>rang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to let, to allow, to cause something</p>
<p>to do something &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>re &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be hot &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>rěnkSu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;population &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>sēnlin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;forest &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>shān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mountain &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>shangyī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;upper outer garment &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>shāo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to heat, to cook; to burn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF k</p>
<p>shao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be few; seldom &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>shāohao le &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to have heated up; to have finished &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF k</p>
<p>cooking</p>
<p>shěi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;someone &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>shēng bing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to get sick, to become ill &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>shēnbāo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to declare, to report &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF k</p>
<p>shenbaodān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;customs declaration &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF h</p>
<p>shěnmeyāng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;like what; what kind &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>shēnshang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;on one<sup>1</sup>s body &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to try &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>WLF，Cumulative Vocabulary</p>
<p>shi (yi) shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to give (something) a try &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>shiqing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;matter, affair, business, thing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>shoushi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to tidy up &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF k</p>
<p>shSushi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jewelry &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF U</p>
<p>shuā &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to brush &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF h</p>
<p>-shuāng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pair &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>shuā ya &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to brush one's teeth &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF h</p>
<p>shūbāo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;book bag, tote bag, carryall &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>shūfang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;library &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF b</p>
<p>shūfu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be comfortable &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>shu? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;water &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF h</p>
<p>shui jiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to sleep &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF h</p>
<p>shui wujiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to take a noontime nap &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF k</p>
<p>shuiyī (yitao) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pajamas; nightgown &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>shushu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;uncle &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF h</p>
<p>shǔ tou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to brush or comb hair &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>tai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to carry (by two or more people) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>taifēng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;typhoon &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>tang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to lie, to recline &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>tang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to get a permanent &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>-tao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for suits, sets of things) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>těng (tong) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to hurt， to ache &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>těngs? le &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to hurt like crazy, to hurt to</p>
<p>death (figuratively) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>tiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sky; heaven; day &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>tiānqi (tiānqi) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;weather &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>-tiao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(counter for pairs of pants) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>tingshuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to hear that, to hear it said;</p>
<p>I hear that, I understand that &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>tīwen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(body) temperature &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>tou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;head; head of hair &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2、 WLF 5</p>
<p>toufa &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hair &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>tou těng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to have a headache; headache &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>tu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to vomit, to spit up &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>tu? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;leg &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>tuoxiě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;slippers &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>vaiguo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;foreign country &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>vaikē &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;surgical department &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>vaikē yīshēng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;surgeon &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>vaishī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;foreign affairs &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>vaishi Jingcha &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;foreign affairs policeman &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>vāitao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;coat, jacket (that extends below the waist) WLF 2</p>
<p>vang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to forget &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>vazi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;socks &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>věi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;stomach &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>věibing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;stomach trouble, gastric disease &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>wěixiSn (věixian) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be dangerous, to be perilous;</p>
<p>danger &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>vēndu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;temperature &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>věnti &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;question, problem &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>vofang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bedroom &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF h</p>
<p>WLF, Cumulative Vocabulary</p>
<p>woshi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bedroom &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF )丨</p>
<p>wūrǎn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pollution &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>wūr.i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;room &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF ^</p>
<p>xǐ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to wash &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>xiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to miss, to think of &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>xiāngxia (xiāngxia) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in the country, the countryside &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>xiangzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;suitcase &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF h</p>
<p>xiaoběnzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;notebook &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF h</p>
<p>xiaobian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to urinate; urination &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>xiaoxīn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be careful &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF k</p>
<p>xiātian (xiatian) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;summer &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>xia xuě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to snow &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>xia yu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to rain &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>xiě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shoe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF ?</p>
<p>xiě duzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to have diarrhea &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>xǐnc &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to wake up &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF h</p>
<p>xīnxiān (xīnxian) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be fresh &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>xǐ tou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to shampoo, to get a shampoo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>xi zǎo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to take a bath &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 厶</p>
<p>xizǎofang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bathroom &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF h</p>
<p>xīzhuāng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Western-style clothes; Western-style suit WLF 2</p>
<p>xuěyā &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;blood pressure &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>xuěyā di &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;low &quot;blood pressure &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>xuěyā gāo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;high &quot;blood pressure &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>xūyao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to need, to require &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>ya &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tooth, teeth &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF h</p>
<p>yāgāo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;toothpaste &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF h</p>
<p>yangzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;appearance; shape， form; style, design;</p>
<p>pattern &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>yanjing(r) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;glasses (spectacles) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF h</p>
<p>yao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;should; must; it is necessary, to need to WLF 2</p>
<p>yao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;medicine &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>yāoburān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;otherwise, or else &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>yaofāng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;prescription &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>yiding &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;certainly, surely, for sure, definitely &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>yīfu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;clothes &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>yīshēng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;doctor &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>yīyuan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hospital &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>yong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to use &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>you &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;oil, grease &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>you(de) shihou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sometixnes &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>you shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to &quot;be occupied, to be busy &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>you (yi)dian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a little bit， somewhat &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>y6uy5ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to svim &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>yubei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to prepare, to get ready &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF h</p>
<p>yubeihao le &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to have prepared &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF h</p>
<p>yūn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to be dizzy &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>yuxiě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rainshoes; rubbers, galoshes &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>yuyi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;raincoat &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>yuyuě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to make an appointment (PRC) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 3</p>
<p>WLF, Cumulative Vocabulary</p>
<p>zāogāo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;oh no! how awful! hov terrible!</p>
<p>what a mess!; to \&gt;e awful &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>zhao according to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2 zhaoJī to get upset, to be anxkous, to</p>
<p>be worried &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>zhao xiang to take a photograph &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>zhaoxiāngjī camera &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF U -zhe (marker of duration for actions and</p>
<p>states) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>zhenjiū (zhēnjiǔ) acupuncture and moxibustion &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>zhīpiao check (as in personal check) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF k</p>
<p>zhxpiaoběn checkbook &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF h</p>
<p>-zhong kind, sort &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2 zhuāng to bump into, to run into, to</p>
<p>collide with &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 6</p>
<p>zhuyi (zhuyi) to pay attention to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 5</p>
<p>zijǐ self, oneself (myself, yourself, etc.) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>zuchuqu to rent out &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF U</p>
<p>zui most, -est &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
<p>zuo to make; to have made &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2</p>
<p>zuo fan to cook &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF k zuo toufa to do one<sup>1</sup>s hair, to have one<sup>f</sup>s hair done WLF 3</p>
<p>zuSyou approximately, about &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 1</p>
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