FSI-Chinese-text/FSI Chinese result/MOD OPT WLF/0317-FSI-StandardChinese-OptionalModuleWLF-StudentText.txt

   STANDARD CHINESE A Modular Approach
OPTIONAL MODULE: Personal Welfare
SPONSORED BY
AGENCIES OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN GOVERNMENTS
  This publication is to be used primarily in support of training military personnel as part of the Defense Language Program (resident and nonresident). Inquiries concerning the use of materials, including requests for copies, should be addressed to:
                Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center Nonresident Training Division Presidio of Monterey, CA 93944-5006
  Topics in the areas of politics, international relations, mores, etc., which may be considered as controversial from some points of view are sometimes included in language training for DLIFLC students, since military personnel may find themselves in positions where clear understanding of conversations or written material of this nature will be essential to their mission. The presence of controversial statements—whether real or apparent—in DLIFLC materials should not be construed as representing the opinions of the writers, the Defense Language Institute, or the Department of Defense.
  Actual brand names and businesses are sometimes cited in DLIFLC instructional materials to provide instruction in their pronunciation and meanings. The selection of such proprietary terms and names is based solely on their value for instruction in the language and does not constitute endorsement of any product or commercial enterprise nor is it intended to invite a comparison with other brand names and businesses not mentioned.
  In DLIFLC publications, the words "he," "him" and “his” denote both masculine and feminine genders. This statement does not apply to translations of foreign language texts.
                                  PREFACE
     Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach originated in an interagency conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1^73 to address the need generally felt in the U.S. Government language training community for improving and updating Chinese materials to reflect current usage in Taipei and in Peking.
     The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible enough in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide range of government agencies and academic institutions.
     A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense Language Institute, the State Department1s Foreign Service Institute, the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency, and the U.S. Office of Education, later joined by the Canadian Forces Foreign Language School. The representatives have included Arthur T. McNeill, John Hopkins, and John Boag (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder,工工工，Joseph C. Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major Bernard Muller-Thym (DLI); James R. Frith and John B. Ratliff, III (FSI);
Kazuo Shitama (NSA); Richard T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant Colonel George Kozoriz (CFFLS).
     The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 197^ in space provided at the Foreign Service Institute• Each of the six’ U.S. and Canadian government agencies provided funds and other assistance.
     Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning council was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense Language Institute, Patricia 0fConnor of the University of Texas, Earl M. Rickerson of the Language Learning Center, and James Wrenn of Brown University. In the Fall of 19了了， Lucille A. Barale was appointed deputy project coordinator. David W. Dellinger of the Language Learning Center and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign Service Institute also served on the planning council and contributed material to the project. The planning council drew up the original overall design for the materials and met regularly to review their development.
     Writers for the first half of the materials were John H. T. Harvey,
Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry, who worked in close cooperation with the planning council and with the Chinese staff of the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the instructional formats of the comprehension and production self-study materials, and also designed the communication-"based classroom activities and wrote the teacher*s guides. Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry wrote the tape scripts and the student text. By 19了8 Thomas E. Madden and Susan C. Pola had joined the staff. Led by Ms. Barale they have worked as a team to produce the materials subsequent to Module 6.
     All Chinese language material was prepared or selected by Chuan 0. Chao, Ying-chi Chen, Hsiao-jung Chi, Eva Diao, Jan Hu, Tsung-mi Li, and Yunhui C. Yang, assisted for part of the time by Chieh-fang Ou Lee, Ying-ming Chen, and Joseph Yu Hsu Wang. Anna Affholder, Mei-li Chen, and Henry Khuo helped in the preparation of a preliminary corpus of dialogues.
     Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Vincent Bascia.no, Lisa A. Bowden, Beth Broomell, Jill W, Ellis, Donna Fong, Judith J. Kieda, Renee T, C. Liang, Thomas Madden, Susan C. Pola, and Kathleen Strype.
     The production of tape recordings was directed by Jose M. Ramirez of the Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script was voiced by Ms • Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr, Chen, Ms • Diao, Ms, Hu, Mr. Khuo, Mr. Li, and Ms. Yang. The English script was read by Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry,
Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, Ms. Pola, and Ms. Strype.
     The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph A. Sadote, Chief of Audio-Visual.
     Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach was field-tested with the cooperation of Brown University, the Defense Language Institute, the Foreign Service Institute, the Language Learning Center, the United States Air Force Academy, the University of Illinois, and the University of Virginia.
     The Defense Language Institute printed the preliminary materials used for field testing and has likewise printed this edition.
  WLF
                           TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface...............................iii
Optional Modules • ................................................1
Objectives for the Personal Welfare Module •••••• ............2
Unit 1: Weather and Terrain
Part I Winter and Summer ......... ...........3
Part II Spring and Fall.........................T
Part III Terrain........................................10
Unit Vocabulary List....................................13
Unit 2: Clothing
Part I Buying Clothes................................15
Part II Buying Clothes................................19
Part III Having Clothes Made............................25
Unit Vocabulary List.........................30
Unit 3: Hair Care
Part I At the Barber..................32
Part II At the Hairdresser............................38
Unit Vocabulary List............................U3
Unit U: In the Home
Part I Personal Belongings...............UU
Part II Parts of the Home..............................U8
Part II Taking Care of Children................55
Unit Vocabulary List....................................59
Unit 5： Minor Physical Complaints
Part I Colds and Fevers....................6l
Part II Stomach Ailments..............................66
Part III Taking Temperatures and Blood Pressure • • • •	了1
Unit Vocabulary List....................................了U
Unit 6: Accidents and Difficulties
Part I Losing a Driver1 s License................了6
Part II A Motorcycle Accident..........................8l
Part III Crossing into a Restricted Area................86
Unit Vocabulary List....................................90
Appendices:
1.	Parts of the Body...................92
2.	Medical Conditions and Illnesses....................9^
3.	Furniture and Household Items........................95
U. Parts of a House..............................96
Module Vocabulary List ...................... 97
   OPTIONAL MODULES
Why some modules are optional
     Optional modules present situations which some of our users will find necessary and others dispensable- For instance, college students rarely take cars vith them to China. People serving in the military may have no need of finding hotel accomodations or housing. People working for the government may rarely use the local postal system. You may choose to study one, some, all or none of the optional modules, basing your decision on factors such as the ajTiOunt of time available in your curriculum and the relevance of these topics to your goals. We hope you will find that these optional modules add flexibility to your use of the course.
Format of optional modules
     Optional modules ’’look” different from core modules. A unit is divided into two or three parts, each with its own reference list, reference notes, and dialogues. There is only one tape, not five, per unit. The unit tape combines the C-l and F-l formats you have used in the core modules. Most of the explanation for the new material is not found on the tape, however， but in the reference notes in the text.
When to use an optional module
     Since each unit introduces more vocabulary but less new grammar than «a core module， you can use an optional module when you see the need to enrich your vocabulary.
   You donft have to go all the way through an optional module at once.
You may use a unit at a time for variety while working on a core module, or several units as a break between core modules.
How to vork through an optional module tape
     You may have found that you could work through the C-l and P-l tapes of a core iriodule unit just once, perhaps going back over a few sections twice, With optional rr.odule tapes, however, you will probably want to work through rr‘(、re than once, frequently stopping to read the notes and rewinding to listen
apain.
                       Optional Module: Personal Welfare
      The Personal Welfare Module (WLF) will provide you with the skills needed to take care of a variety of personal needs and handle yourself in a number of possibly difficult situations.
      Before starting Unit 1 of this module, you should have at least completed the Money Module (MON); and before starting Unit 3， you should have at least completed the Transportation Module (TRN).
 OBJECTIVES
      When you have finished this module, you will be able to:
 1.	Describe the weather in all four seasons for your present locale, a Chinese city, and your hometown.
 2.	Describe the location, geographical setting, population, and air quality of the three areas in No. 1.
 3.	Give the names of five or more items of clothing.
 U. Get your hair cut or styled.
 • 5. Describe several items you ordinarily carry with you when traveling.
 6.	Give the names of and describe the different rooms in a house.
 7.	Give simple directions to a babysitter.
 8.	Ask and answer questions about the common cold and its symptoms.
      -Offer advice on what to do for a simple ailment. Understand the use of kaishui, ""boiled water,
 9.	Describe what takes place during a visit to the doctor. Know how to give normal body temperature in Celsius and in Fahrenheit. Tell "where it hurts” (using a list of the parts of the body, if necessary.)
 10.	Describe accidents where injuries occur, and tell someone to call an ambulance.
 11.	Report the loss of a passport to the appropriate officials. Find out where to go to report the loss and "be able to determine whether adequate translation facilities will be available.
 12.	Use the words for 11 danger11 and "caution” in grammatical, situationally appropriate sentences. Describe how someone entered a restricted area and how and for what reasons he was escorted out.
                     Personal Welfare Module， Unit 1 * Weather and Terrain
     REFERENCE LIST
1.	Jīntiān tiānqi hen hao.	The weather is very nice today•
2.	Nī laojiāde qihou zěnmeyang?	How is the climate in your hometown?
3.	D5ngtiān hen lěng.	It’s cold in the winter.
U. Chāngchang xia xuě.	It often snows•
5.	Xiatiān hen re.	In the summer itfs hot.
6.	Jīntiān tian qlng le.	It cleared up today.
7.	Wo juěde Taizhōngde qihou hen	I feel that Taichung*s climate is
 hao.	very nice.
8.	Shanghaide dSngtiān hen shǎo	It seldom snows in the vinter in
  xiā xuě.	Shanghai.
9.	Jīntiān zhěrde tiānqi hen	The weather here is very cool
  liangkuai•	today.
10.	chang	often (alternate word for changchāng.)
     REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I
     Jīntiān tiānqi hen hǎo: Notice that the time vord jīntiān "today” is placed "before the subject, not directly before the vert here. Most time words of more than one syllable may come either before or after the subject, but in either case before the verb. Examples:
    Qūnian wo hāi bu hui xiě zi.	Last year I still couldnft write
                                            characters•
     Wo xianzai hui xiě yidian le.	Nov I can write a little.
     q.ihou: "climate” Also pronounced qihou (with hou in the neutral tone).
     DSngtiān hen lěng. : "It's cold in winter’，The adverb hen is not translated here. Often hen adds little or nothing to the intensity of the adjectival vert, and doesn’t need to be translated by ,fvery.f? Later，you may notice • that sometimes we translate the hen literally and sometimes we choose to omit it from the translation- It is not a matter of right and wrong; it is more a matter of feeling, and may be, we admit, a somewhat arbitrary decision.
     changchang: "often, frequently, usually” An alternate form of this word is chang.	*
    Ta chāngchang qū Xianggang.	She often goes to Hong Kong.
    Ta chāng kan baozhi.	He often reads the newspaper.
The phrase "very often,’ is NOT formed by using hen with chang; instead, just use chang or changchang. If you must stress that something happens very often, use a phrase like "every few days.M
     xia xuě: "to snow” or more literally "(there) falls snow.’，The subject xuě f,snow,? normally follows the verb xia flto descend/’ This reversal of subject and verb is the rule, not the exception, in weather expressions.
   Ou, xia xuě le.	Oh, it fs snowing.
     Xiā xuě ma? Bu xia.
     You měiyou xiā xue?
    Meiyou.	►	Is it snowing? No.
     Xiā xuě le měiyou?
       Měiyou.
    Jīntiān xia xuě bu xia xuě?	Is it going to snow today?
    Xianzai bu xiā xuě le.	It *s not snowing anymore.
     tian: "heaven, sky, day•"
   Aiya, wǒde tiān na!	Oh my heavens!
   Tiān zhidao!	Heaven only knows!
     q.lng: "to be clear, to clear up” In the sentence Tiān qing le， the marker le_ tells us that a change has taken place. The meaning is not simply that the sky is clear, but that the sky is clear NOW, or rather, the sky has cleared up.
     juěde ’’to feel” Here juěde is used to mean "to feel, to think, to have an opinion about something-n It can also mean "to feel" in a physical way, as in "to feel sick.H Nǐ juěde . . . zenmeyang? can be well translated as f’How do you like . . . ?
     hen shao: "It seldom snows in Shanghai in the winter.M The adjectival verb shao "to be few” is used here as an adverb ’’seldom，" and as such comes before the verb. Notice that hen shao, ’’seldom,’1 and changchang, "often，’’ are used as opposites.
       English is no more logical when it comes to weather expressions: it uses the meaningless subject "it,” as in T,It snows.
      Jintian zherde tiānqi hen liangkuai: ”Today the weather here is very cool.71 ~Again, it is not necessary to translate hěn as "very" in this sentence; the meaning depends on the speaker's intonation and emphasis.
      FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART I
An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Běijīng.
M: Jīntiān tiānqi hen hao,	The weather is very good today,
  shi bu shi?	isn't it?
F: Shi a! Jīntiān tiān qlng le.	It is! Today it has cleared up.
M: Nǐ laojiāde qihou zěnmeyang?	What1s the climate like where
                                          you1re from?
F: Wo laojiā zai Jiujīnshan. Narde My hometown is San Francisco. The qihou hěn hǎo. Dongtian bu	climate there is very good. It
lěng, xiatiān yě bu tāi re,	isnft cold in the winter, and it
                                          isn’t too hot in the summer, either,
M: Nǐ juěde Beijing zenmeyang?	How do you like Běijīng? [Literally，
                                          ”How do you feel B?ijīng is?”]
F: Zhěi jǐtian Beijing tiāntiān xia It*s been snowing these last fev
    xuě, tai lěng le.	days in Běijīng and it*s been too
                                              cold.
      NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE
     juěde: "to feel” This may mean ”to feel (physically)" or "to feel (emotionally), to think." It is often used, as in the Reference List sentence, to preface a statement of opinion. W5 juěde ..• may sometimes be translated as f,I think that ...11
    Wo juěde ta kěyi zuo.	I think he can do it.
And here are some examples using juěde to mean ’’feel (physically )M ：
   Wo juěde hen re.	I feel hot.
Wo juěde bū shūfu.	I donft feel well. (Literally， ”1
                                           feel not-vell.”）
      Nǐ juede Běijīng zenmeyang?: "How do you like Běijīng?” or ”What do you think of Beijing? More literally， "You feel Běijīng is hov?”
tāi lěng le： flitfs been too cold" The marker l£ is the marker for new
situations. It is often used to reinforce the idea of "excessive." Another
example is Tai gui le! ,?Itfs too expensive!"
       SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PAET I
An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei.
M: Ni laojiā zāi nali?	Wherefs your hometown?
F: Zai Niu Yuě.	It *s New York.
M: Niǔ Yuede qihou zenmeyāng?	What is New Yorkfs climate like?
F: Niǔ Yuede qihou bu tai hao.	New Yorkfs climate isn’t too good.
Dongtian leng， xiatiān re.	It丨s cold in the winter and hot
  Ni laojiā zai nali?	in the summer. Where1s your
                                           hometown•
M: Zai Shanghai. Shanghaide dong-	Itfs Shanghai. It seldom snows in
      tian h§n shǎo xiā xuě, keshi	Shanghai in the winter, but it1s
   yě hěn leng.	cold there, too.
F: Xiatiān zěnmeyang?	What’s it like in the summer?
M: Ou, xiatiān hěn re.	Oh, itfs hot in the summer,
F: Jīntiān zhěrde tiānqi hěn lian名一	The veather today is cool. Let's go
      kuai. Women chūqu zouzou* hSo	out and walk around, okay? bu hao?
M: Hao.	Okay.
       NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE *zSuzou; "to walk aroundM
      PART II
11.	D5ngtiān changchang guā fēng.	It's often windy in the winter.
12.	Sānyue jiu kāish? nuanhuo le.	By March it is already starting to
                     get warm.	'
13.	Chuntiān hěn duan.	Spring is very short.
lU# Xiatiān y5ude shihou xia yǔ.	It sometimes rains in the summer.
15.	Qiūtiān zui hǎo.	Fall is the best (season).
16.	Nǐ shi shenme shihou likai	When did you leave BSiJIng?
      Beijingde?
17.	W5 zhen xiǎng Jiāzhou.	I really miss California.
18.	Xiatiān bu shi hěn chaoshi.	It's not very humid in the summer.
19.	Tin^shuo Taiwan changchang guā I hear that Taiwan often has
  taifēng.	typhoons.
20.	chang	to be long REFERENCE NOTES ON PART II
      guǎ fēng: ’’（there) blows wind,’ Gua literally means "to scrape,” but when used in connection vith fēng，"wind,’1 it means ,’to blow.11 Like other weather expressions, such as xia xuě ”to snow，" the subject feng usually follows the vert ^ua. To say ”very windy,1，you say that the wind is big, either Fēng hen da or Gua da fēng.	-
      Sānyue: ,fby March’’ A time word before the verb may mean f,byn a certain time as well as ”at’，a certain time,
      Sānyue jiū kāishi nuǎnhuo le: "By March it is already starting to get warm. When the time word before it is given extra stress, the adverb jiu indicates that the event in question happens earlier than might be expected.
The marker le_ after the state verb nuanhuo，"to be warm,’，tells us that it is being used here as a process verb, ?Tto get warm.’，
     y5ude shihou: "sometimes” This is also said as you shihou.
     xiā yǔ: nto rain” Literally, M(there) falls rain." Now you have seen three weather expressions where the subject normally follows the verb: xia xuě, gua fēng and xia yǔ.
   WLF, Unit 1
      WS zhēn xiǎng Jiazhōu: ,fI really miss California” The verb xiSng, translated here as ’’to miss,,T is the same verb as ’’to think”（"I really think of California [vith nostalgia]1，) •
      xiatiān bu shi hěn chaoshi: ffItfs not very humid in the summer." The shi is not obligatory in the sentence. It would also be correct to say bu hěn chaoshi,
      taifěng: "typhoon” The Chinese word taifēng was "borrowed into the English language as ’’typhoon.”
      FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II
An American woman is talking vith a Chinese man in Hong Kong:
F: N5C llkai Běijīng duSshao nian le? How many years has it been since
                                          you left Běijīng?
M: Yijīng you ěrshi*banian le.	It's already been twenty-eight
                                            years•
F: Nī llkai zhěme Jiǔ, xiang bu	Itbeen so long since you left,
   xiǎng Běijīng?	do you miss Běijīng?
M: Y5u'shihou xiang.	Sometimes I miss it.
F: TīngshuS Běijīng qiūtiande	I hear that the autumn weather in
     tiānqi zux hao, shi bu shi?	Běijīng is the best, isnft it?
M: Dui le, qiūtiande tiSnqi zui	Right, the autumn weather is the
    hao, bū lěng yě bu re.	best; itfs neither cold nor hot.
F: DSngtian xia xue ma?	Does it snow in the winter?
M: Dongtian you shihou xia xuě,	It sometimes snows in the winter,
     ye changchang gua fēng.	and it1 s often windy, too.
F: Shenme shihou kāishi nuanhuo?	When does it start to get varm?
M: Sanyuě Jiu kai^hl nuanhuo le.	It starts to get warm by March,
     Keshi chūntian hěn duan,	But the spring is very short,
    VfiSyuě jiu re le.	In May it starts to get hot.
F: Xiatiān chaoshī ma?	Is it humid in the summer?
M: Xiatiān ySude shihou xia yǔ,	It sometimes rains in the summer,
     kSshi "bfi shi hSn chaoshī.	but it1 s not very humid.
     NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE
Nǐ llkai zhěme jiu： !,ītfs been so long since you left” You have
seen jiǔ，which means !Tto be long in time，” in the phrase du$ jiǔ, "how long
(a time)’’	*
     SECOND DIALOGUE FCR PART II
An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei:
M: Nǐ Juěde Taiběi chūntiande	Do you feel that the spring weather
     tiānqi hǎo bu hao?	in Taipei is good?
F: Wo juěde zhělide chūntian hěn	I feel the spring here is very good.
hao, Sānyue jiu nuanhuo le.	It gets warm in March. But I hear
      Keshi wo tīngshuS xiātian hen	the summer is hot， right? re, dui bu dui?
M: Dui le. Zhělide xiātian hěn	Right. The summer here is very hot,
re, changchang xia yu, hěn	and it often rains; itfs very
  chaoshī.	humid.
F: Tingshuo yě changchang guā	Ifve also heard that there are often
  taifēng.	typhoons.
M: Dui le.	Yes.
F: Taiběide qiutiān ne?	How about the fall in Taipei?
M: ōu, Jiǔ-Shiyuě hai hěn re,	Oh, in September and October it*s
      Shiyīyuě jiū liangkuai le,	still hot. By November it gets
                                              cool.
        PART III
21.	Ni lǎojiǎ zai chěngli	Is your home in the city or in the
    hiishi zai xiangxia?	country?
22.	Nali you shān, you senlin,	There are mountains and forests there,
   hai you hu.	and lakes， too.
23.	Feng.lǐng hěn hǎo, kSngqi	The scenery is very nice and the air
   hěn xinxian.	is fresh•
2U, Nǐ lǎojia fuj inde huan.1 ing	What1 s the country like where you，re
  zěnmeyang?	from?
25.	Nǐ laojiā něige difang	What1s the population of your
    y5u duoshao rěnkou?	hometown?
26,	You wǔqian rěn zuoyou.	There are about five thousand
                                            people.
2了. Nilr měiyou kongqi vǔrǎn.	There1 s no air pollution there,
28 • Haibian hěn qinRjing.	The seashore is very quiet.
29.	Zhěr fujin you he ma?	Are there any rivers in this area?
30.	chěng	city
      REFERENCE NOTES ON PART III
      chěngli: f,in the city/1 literally uinside the city wall.n xiangxia: ncoiintryn Also pronounced xiāngxia (with neutral tone xia) • fu.1 in: ’Vicinity1’ Also pronounced
      huajijlng: "environment，surroundings,,f In No • 2k the phrase m laojiā fujinde huan.1 ing is literally ”the environment of the vicinity of your original home. 1
      nǐ lao.lia neige difajig: "your hometown" Lao.jia by itself only means ’’original home. To get the meaning "hometown," you must refer to the place (něige dlfang) where your "original home" (lǎojiā) is. Notice the different phrasing in the following sentences:
     Nǐ laojiā něige difang you	Whatfs the population of your
   duSshao rěnkou?	hometown?
     Nl laojiā nar you měiyou shan? Are there mountains where your
                                           original home is?
Nl iSojiā zai xiāngxia ma?	Is your original home in the country?
     shan, hū, he: "mountain, lake, river" These three words are used with the four points of the compass to make several province names.
        ShāndSng	east of the (Tāihing) mountains
        Shānxī	west of the (Taihang) mountains
       Hěběi	north of the (Yellov) river
       Henan	south of the (Yellov) river
       Hňběi	north of the (Dongtlng) lake
       Hunan	south of the (Dongtlng) lake
      FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART III
An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Běijīng:
M: Ni lǎojia fǔjinde huanjing	Whatfs the country like where you1 re
  zěnmeyan g ?	from ?
F: Wo lǎojiǎde fujin you hěn duo	There are a lot of mountains near
  shǎn.	where I’m from.
M: Něige xiǎo chěngde fēngjing	That little town must have very
   hen hao ba!	good scenery!
F: Dui le. Narde fēngjǐng hěn	Right. The scenery there is v^ry
hao. You sēnlin, hUi	good. There are forests and also
  you he.	rivers.
M: Narde kongqi hěn xīnxian ba.	I suppose the air there is very
                                              fresh.
F: Shi a! Nar měiyou kSngqi	Yes! There is no air pollution
 wurǎn.	there.
M: Něige xiǎo chěng you du5shǎo	What*s the population of that
  rěnkou?	little town?
F: You slqiān rěn zuoyou.	There are about four thousand
                                            people.
      NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE
      něige xiǎo chěng: "that little town” Youfve learned that chěngli means "in the city. One word for ”city” by itself is chěng [another is chěngshi1.
     Nī shuode shi něige Huāshěngdun? Which Washington are you talking Shi zhou haishi chěng?	about? The state or the city?
       SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART III
An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei:
M; Nī lǎojia zai chěnglǐ haishi	Is your home in the city or in the
   zai xiāngxia?	country?
F: Zai xiāngxia. Nali you shān,	It?s in the country. There are
     you sēnlin, hai you hu.	mountains there, and forests, and
     Fēngjǐng hěn hāo. WS likāi	lakes, too. The scenery is very
     nali yjjlng you wǔniān le.	good. It's already been five
     Wo hěn xiǎng wode laojiā.	years since I left there. I
                                          miss my original home very much.
M: Nī laojia něige difang you	What *s the population of your home-
   duSshǎo rěnkou?	town?
F: Sanqiān rěn zuǒyou.	About three thousand.
M: Na hěn qlngj ing "ba?	Then it must be very quiet, I suppose?
F: Dui le, hěn qlngjing, KSngqi	Right, itfs very quiet. The air is
     yě xinxian. Ntde jia zai	fresh， too. What part of Chang-
     Zhanghua shenme difang?	hua is your home in?
M: Zai TianzhSng fuj in. Nali	Near Tfienchung. The scenery there
      fingjIng yě hen hǎo4 měiyou	is also very nice, and there’s no
   kSngqi wurǎn.	air pollution•
       NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE
      Wo likai nali yǐjing you vǔnian le: "(Since) I left there it has been five years.”The marker le at the end of the sentence is new-situation le, and is necessary here. It shows that the duration stated (five years) is as of the present moment (ffso far,’）. Another point to bear in mind is that Le is used at the end of most sentences containing yǐjing.
      Zhānghua, nChanghua,is the name of a city and a county on the vest coast of central Taiwan. Tfienchung (TianzhSng) is a village in southeastern Changhua county.
                                 Unit 1, Vocabulary
ching	often
chāiigchang	often
chāoshi	to be humid
chěng	city, tovn	*
chěngli	in the city
chuntiān (chūntian)	spring
dSngtiān (dongtian)	winter
duan	to be short
feng	wind
fěngjing	scenery
fujin (fujin)	area， neighborhood
guā	to blow (of wind, typhoons, etc.)
hǎibiān(r)	seashore
he	river
hū	lake
hu&ajing	environment
juěde	to feel
kāishi	to begin, to start
kongqi (kongqi)	air
kongqi vǔrǎn	air pollution
lěng	to be cold
liāngkuai	to be cool
likai	to leave
nuanhuo	to be warm
qihou (qihou)	climate
qlng	to be clear
qingjing	to "be quiet
qiūtiān (qiǔtian)	fall, autumn
re	to be hot
rěnkou	population
sēnlin	forest
shān	mountain
shao	to be few; seldom
tāifeng	typhoon
tiān	sky, heaven
tiānqi (tiānqi)	weather
tingshuo	to hear that, to hear it said
wūrǎn	pollution
xiSng	to miss, to think of
xiāngxia (xiāngxia)	in the country, the countryside
xiatiān (xiatian)	summer
xia xuě	to snow
xiā yǔ	to rain
xīnxiān (xīnxian)	to be fresh
you(de) shihou	sometimes
zui	most， -est
zuSyou	approximately, about
Personal Welfare Module, Unit 2 Clothing
       PART I
      HEFKHKNCF； LliVV
1. rra Jint.iīin chuan fie yll'u zhēn	The clothes she is wearing today are
  hǎo kan.	really pretty.
    Wo xfiyao Jtjian xin yi fu.	I need some new clothes.
WǑcie dayi tai jiū le, wo xiang	My coat is too worn, I want to get
   mǎi (yi)jian xīnde.	a new one.
J*. Bei.līngde d5ngtian hěn lěng,	Winter in Beijing is very cold; you
    rn yiio mai hou yidiǎnrde.	need to buy a heavier one.
‘>• N? i3}ienme shihou yu_ tuzhuāngdian? When are you going to the clothing
                                            store?
6. Gei wo mai yīshuāng tuoxiě，	Buy me a pair of slippers, would you?
     hǎo bu hǎo?
. Taibei chang xia yu, m xūyao	It often rains in Taipei; you need a
   yǔyl， yǔxiě.	raincoat and rainshoes.
B. Wode yǓGan huai le.	My umbrella has broken•
9.	Wo hai xūyao yitiao kuzi•	I also need a pair of pants.
10.	Cbūnliān lai le， wo xiang	Spring is coming; Ifd like to buy a
    mǎi ban y j diande qjliizi •	lighter skirt.
1.1 . V:3 xiang mai yltao ^ānbufu.	Ifd like to buy a cadre suit.
1LJ. Wo shāngvu qu mai le yitiao	This morning I went and bought a
kuzi he_ ji.lian chěnshān •	pair of pants and a few shirts.
1，. xin	to be new
      Ī<EFEH1*：NCKS NOTR] ON FART I
     chuan: *’U丨 put on, to don" (clothes, shoes) Notice that Chinese uses an action varb, Mto put on," where English uses a state verb, ”to wear.”
You have to nd^ust your thinking a bit in order to use this verb correctly. When you want to say	MOT WEARING her coatyou actually say "She
JjIDN "I1 丨UT ON her coat,,n Ta měi chuan dayT.
Here are some example sentences using chuan ’’to put on.
     Wo chuānle yishuāng hong xiě.	īfm wearing a pair of red shoes.
                                           (Ifve put on a pair of red shoes.)
Wo měi chuan xiě.	Ifm not wearing shoes. (I didn?t put
                                           on shoes.)
Nī chuan bai xiě ma?	Do you wear white shoes? (HABIT) OR
                                          Will you wear white shoes? (INTENTION)
W8 "bū chuan bai xiě.	I don*t wear white shoes (HABIT) OR
                                          I won?t wear white shoes. (INTENTION)
Chuan is not the only verb meaning ,’to put on” in Chinese. There is another verb dai which is used for wearing or putting on hats, wristwatches, ornaments, Jewelry, and gloves. DsLi is taught in Part II of this unit.
     xuySo: "to need " This word may be used as a main verb or as an auxiliary verb. In either usage， it is always a state verb. It is， therefore, negated with
   Wo xuyao qian.	I need money.
   W5 xūyao shfJian.	I need time.
  Wo xūyao ta.	I need her.
    Wo xGySo huan qian*	I need to change money.
Ta xuyao zhīdao.	He needs to know.	•
     -jlan: This is the counter for articles of clothing, as well as for things (dSngxi， shtqing), and suitcases.
      dfltyl: ,fovercoat11 literally "big clothes"
     jiu; ”to be old, to be worn" This is the word to use when describing things9 whether concrete or abstract, but never people• [For people, use lSo: Ta lao le* MShe*s gotten old•”]
    Na shi w5de jiu dizhJ.	That1s my old address *
    Ta hfiishi chuan jiu yīfu.	Shefs still wearing old clothes,
     mSi (y£)jiān xīnde: The number yī- before a counter may be omitted when it directly follows a verb.
     yao: "to need” In sentence No. U， you see a new usage of yao (n? yao mǎi hou yidiǎnrde "you need to buy a heavier one”）. In addition to meaning T，to want，yao has many uses as an auxiliary verb. The meaning Mto need”
is one of the more common ones.
     hou: "to be thick11 In sentence No. k (•"rň yao mǎi hou yidiǎnrde".)， hou is translated as "heavier•” The basic meaning of hou is to be thick.
    Zhěiběn shū hěn hou.	This book is very thick.
    Yěli xiade xuě hen hou.	The snow that fell last night is
                                           very deep.
Bāo nto be thin, to be flimsy (of cloth, paper, etc.)，1’ is often the opposite of hou.
     tuSxiě: ’’slipper,’，literally ’’drag-shoes■’， In most households in Taiwan shoes are not worn into the house, so plenty of pairs of slippers are kept at the front door. This custom, established by Japanese influence, has the practical value of keeping the floors dry, which would otherwise be difficult given Taiwan's rainy climate• (In mainland China, shoes are worn into the house.)
     huāi: This verb has a different meaning depending on whether it is a state ver"b or a process verb. As a state verb, huai means ’’to be bad," as a process verb, ”to go bad, to break.n
As a state verb:
    Zuotiān tiānqi zhēn huai,	Yesterday the weather was really
     jīntiān hao le.	bad, "but today it1 s gotten better.
     He! Tāde ZhSngguo hua zhēn bu Well! His Chinese is really not huai, a?	bad, huh?
As a process verb:
    Wo zhěizhī "bǐ huai le.	This pen of mine is broken.
     Zhěixiē juzi huai le, bu yao le. These tangerines have gone bad; we
                                          don't want them (throw them out).
     FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART I
The couple in this dialogue have recently moved to Taipei from Kaohsiung (Gaoxiong) in southern Taiwan. Here they are taking a walk in downtown Taipei. (Xiǎo Hua is their daughter.)
F: Zhěli fǔjin you hěn duo fuzhuāng-	There are a lot of clothing stores
dian, women qu mai yīfu, hao	in this area; why donft we go buy
  bu hǎo?	some clothes?
M: Hao. N5l xiang mǎi shenme?	All right. What would you like to
                                             buy?
F: Wo xiang mai yitiao kuzi he	Ifd like to buy a pair of slacks
jjjian chěnshān. Wo hai xiǎng	and a few shirts. Ifd also like
    mSi yljian dayx.	to buy an overcoat.
M: Dui, ni chuānde zhěijian dayī	Bight, this overcoat you're wearing
tai jiu le, wSmen qu gěi ni	is too old. Let’s go buy you a
   mi jian xīnde.	new one.
F: Nī y? xuyao mǎi yljian xin dayī,	You need to buy a new overcoat too,
   shi "bu shi?	donft you?
M: Dui le. Taibeide dongtian you	Right. Winters in Taipei sometimes
  shfhSu hěn leng, women yao mǎi	get very cold; ve should buy
     hou yidiande dāyī. Wo hai	heavier coats. I also need
xuyao mǎi Jiān yǔyl, yě yao gei	to buy a raincoat, and I want to
Xiao Hua mSi yishuang yuxiě.	buy a pair of rainboots for Xiǎo
                                              Hua, too.
F: ōu,, hai yao mai jJshuang tuōxiě.	Oh, we should buy a few pairs of
                                              slippers, too,
M: HSo， vSmen xianzai Jiu qu.	Okay, letfs go right nov.
      SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I
An American of Chinese descent (M) has	gone back to visit relatives in Běijīng.
Here he talks vith his cousin (F)•
F: Jīntiān xiawu women qū mǎi dōngxi	How about going shopping this after-
  zěnmeyang?	noon?
M: Hao. N? yao mǎi shenme?	Okay. What do you want to buy?
F: Wo xiSng mǎi jījian yīfu, tiānqi	Ifd like to get a few clothes;
nuanhuo le, xǔyāo mǎi	the weather is warmer now, and
baode chěnshān he qunzi.	I need to "buy a lighter weight
                                             blouse and skirt.
M: W5 ye xuyao mai yljian	I also need to buy a shirt, and
chěnshān, wS hāi xiang mai	I1d like to buy a cadre suit,
   yltao ganbufti.	too.
F: Ni yao mai ganbufu? Na，women	You want to buy a cadre suit?
 yiqi qu fuzhuāngdian. Ōu,	Then we111 go to the clothing
  dui le, Běijīng Qī-Bāyuě chang	store together. Oh, right, it
 xia yǔ, nī you měiyou yǔxiě,	often rains in Běijīng in July
 yǔsǎn?	and August, do you have rain
                                          shoes and an umbrella?
M: Wǒde yǔxiě tai Jiū le, yǔsan yě	My rain shoes are too worn, and my
  huai le, d5u děi mǎi xīnde le.	umbrella is broken. I have to
                                          buy new ones of both,
F: Hǎo.	All right.
      PART II
      REFERENCE LIST
lU. Qǐngwěn, nali y5u mai něiyi	Excuse me, where do they sell under—
   něikude?	shirts and underpants?
15.	Zhějian ji'akě shi nilongde,	This jacket is made of nylon, isn*t
 shi ba?	it?
16.	Jīntiān hěn leng, ni bu dai	It1s cold today, arenft you going to
   maozi ma?	wear your hat?
1了. W5 něidǐng po maozi tāi nankān	That old hat of mine looks awful， I
    le, wo bu xiǎng dai.	don，t want to wear it,
l8. Nǐde vazi gou bu gou? WS gěi	Do you have enough socks? 1*11 buy
    ni mai jǐshuāng.	you a few pairs.
19• A: Nǐ yao mǎi jiakě haishi	Do you want to buy a jacket or a
    vaitāo?	coat?
     B: Wo gěi wo xiansheng mai	I want to buy a jacket for my
          jiakě, gěi wo zijǐ mǎi	husband and a coat for myself, wāitao.
20, Vo maile yishuang hēi yansěde	I bought a pair of black shoes and
     plxiě he yltāo shuiyi•	a pair of pajamas•
21.	A: ' Zhěli you ge shubǎo， shi	There1s a tote bag here; whose
    shěide?	is it?
    B: A, shi wǒde, wo vang le.	Oh, itfs mine, I forgot it.
22,	A: wSde maoyī po le.	My sweater is worn through/torn/
                                            damaged•
     B: Na ni dei qu mai xīnde le. Then you have to go buy a new one.
     REFERENCE NOTES ON PART II
     něiyi, něiku: Něi means "inner.” Něiku means ”underpants” (ku as in kuzi)• Neiyī means "underclothes” in general, but when contrasted with něikū takes on the specific meaning "undershirt.” The 这 means ’’clothing, garment，’’ as in yīfu.
     jiakě: ”Jacket，" a word borrowed from English. Jiākě refers only to jackets cut above the waist; a suit jacket vould be waitao (see note below). Also pronounced jiakě. In Běijīng, this word has an -r^ ending.
     nilong: "nylon," another borrowing from English.
     dai: "to put on, to don" a hat, wristwatch, gloves, glasses, jewelry or other things which are not necessary to one's apparel. As with the verb chuān which you learned in Part I， when you use dai you have to adjust your thinking from the idea of "to wear” to the idea of ”put on•” For ”Do you wear glasses?" you would say "Do you put on glasses?”： Nǐ dai bu dai yǎnjing?*
For ”She,s not wearing glassesn you would say ”She didnft put on glasses’*:
Ta měi dai yanjing. Contrast
    Ta "bu dai maozi.	She doesn’t wear hats. (HABIT)
                                 OR She wonft wear a hat. (INTENTION)
    Ta měi dai maozi.	She didn't put on a hat,
                                 OR She didn’t wear a hat.
                                 OR She doesn’t have a hat on.
     (The translations given only cover some of the possible ones. Other aspect markers which you have not learned yet, such as the marker for action in progress Czail, the marker for duration [-zhe]， the marker for lack of change [ne]， etc., can be used to make more precise the meaning of a sentence.)
     -ding: The counter for maozi，f,hat.Literally, -ding means "top/’
-rr-
     •ySnjing: "glasses" (counter: -fu)
     po： ”to be broken/damaged/torn/worn out" In po maozi, "old/ worn/ tattered hat,11 £o stands before a noun to modify it.这 is also frequently used as a process verb, "to break, to become dajnaged/torn/worn out.
    Wo kankan, nide Jiākě shi bu	Let me have a look,-has your
shi po le?	jacket been torn/worn through?
     In Part I you learned huai, "to go bad, to break.Tl Huai means that something becomes unusable or stops working, while go means that something develops a tear, cut, split, hole, break, etc. Jiū in Part I had for one possible translation "to be worn," but jiu and £d are quite different: jiū le means to have changed color or shape after a long period of time or use, whereas po le means that the thing is no longer intact, whether the damage is caused "by time, use, or accident•
     gou: ”to be enough” This adjectival verb is only used as the main verb of a sentence, never (like English，’enough") before a noun. You must therefore recast English sentences with "enough” into the Chinese pattern when you translate, e.g.
   Do you have -> Are your socks	Nide wSzi
    enough socks?	enough?	gou "bu gōu?
   I donft have -> shirts aren't	WSde chěnshān
   enough shirts	enough.	bu g3u.
   There arenft -The rice "bowls	Fanwan bu gou.
      enough rice bovls.	aren’t enough.
     waitao： This word has two meanings: (l) „coat, overcoat,11 and (2) a ”Jacket" which extends below the waist, like a suit jacket. (A jacket cut above the waist is Jiakě*)
     zijǐ: ’’oneself; myself, yourself, himself, etc.’，This is a special pronoun. It can be used by itself, or it can follow another pronoun like nī, wo, ta, etc. Here are some examples. (For the first, you need to know -zhSng, "kind,” and for the last, you need to know zu$, flto make.)
    Mai yīfu, zui hao mai zijǐ	When buying clothes， it is best to
xihuande něizhǒng,	buy the kind one likes oneself.
    Na shi wo ztj?de shi.	That’s my own business.
    Zhěi shi tā zijl zuode, bū	She made this herself, it isnft
   shi maide.	(store-)bought.
     plxiě: Western-style "leather shoes，" a word commonly used where we would just say "shoes，，’ since traditional Chinese shoes (buxiě) are made of cloth.
     shuiyi: "pajamas," literally, ”sleep-garment” This word can use two different counters, depending on the type of pajamas referred to. 1) For two-piece pajamas, that is, a shirt and pants, the counter is -tao, ,’set•” (Although we say na pair of pajamas11 in English, you cannot use the counter -shuang in Chinese. -Shuang is only for things that match, like shoes.)
2) Old-style one-piece pajamas take the counter -jiān.
     shǔbao: ”tote bag, carryall,11 literally, ubook-sack.,f Although still used with the original meaning of a studentfs ”bookbag,” shubao has now come to have a more general meaning, since bookbags are often used to carry things other than books. [There are other words for ntote bag，，，but shūbāo is so useful that you should learn it first.]
     vāng: ’’to forget; to forget to; to forget that"
   Ni vang le ba?	You've forgotten, haven11 you?
   Wo měi vāng.	No, I havenTt forgotten.
   Wo wang(le) qū le.	I	forgot to go*
    WS wang(le) dai maozi le.	I	forgot to put on my hat.
     Wo wangle tā jidian zhSng lai.	工	forgot what time he is coming.
     Wo wangle tǎ jiao shenme mlngzi.	I forgot what his name is.
     Wo wangle wo jīntiān měi kě.	I forgot that I donft have any
                                            classes today,
     māoyī: ’’sweater," literally, f!woolen-garment •
     Na, "in that case, then,” is always used at the very beginning of a sentence, for example,
    Na， vSmen shěnme shfhou qu?	Then, when shall we go?
     Na nǐ děi qu mai xīnde le: The le here is optional. It stresses that having to go buy a new sweater is a new situation.
     FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II
Tianjin. In the home of two senior cadres， a husband (M) and wife (F) discuss shopping plans. (They live together with the wife's older sister.)
F: Ni zuStiān "bu shi shu5 xiang	Didnft you say yesterday that
    qu mai něiyi, něikīi ma?	you wanted to go buy undershirts
                                           and underpants?
M: Shi. a! Wo hai xiǎng mǎi Jian	Yes! I also want to buy an
  vāitāo.	overcoat•
F: Mai waitaor a?! Nī něijian xīn	Buy an overcoat?! Isnft that
    jiākě bū hǎo ma?	new jacket of yours good?
M: Hěn hǎo, keshi tiānqi yǐjīng	It's very good, but the veather
     kāishǐ liang le, něijian	has already started to get cold,,
     jiāke tai bao, wo xiang	and that Jacket is too light, so
    mai jiān xīn wāitao.	Ifd like to get a new overcoat.
F: Nā women shěnme shihou qū?	Then when shall we go?
M: ōu, nǐ yě xiang qu a?	Oh, you want to go too?
F: Wo xiǎng qu mǎi yitao shuiyi,	Ifd like to go buy a pair of
     mǎi liǎngshuāng nllong wazi.	pajamas and a couple of pairs
                                           nylon socks•
M: Ou, hǎo, nā women xianzai jiū	Oh, all right, then let1s go
   qu, hāo Tdu hao?	right now, okay?
F: Hao, nǐ chuān něijian jiākě	Okay. Will it be enough for you
    gou "bu gou? Tiānqi hěn	to wear that jacket? The
   lěng a!	weather is very cold!
M: Gou le, wo hāi chuānle maoyī ne.	It’s enough. I have a sweater on
                                                           too •
F: Ug, wode shūbāo ne?	Huh, where1s my tote bag?
M: Něige shubao shi bu shi?	Is that tote bag it?
F: Bu shi, nā shi wo Jiějiede. A!	No, that1s my older sister's. Ah!
  Zai zhěr!	Here it is!
M: Hao le ba?	All set?
F: Hao le, zSu ba!	All set* Letfs go!
      NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE
     vode shūbāo ne?: Questions with	frequently ask for the whereabouts of something or someone; thus the sentence may be translated, "Where is my tote bag?’’
        SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II
Taipei. Conversation between a husband and wife. (Xiao Ming is their son.)
F: Yingmlng, xThuan wo Jīntiān gěi	Yingming, do you like the new hat
     nī maide zhědīng maozi ma?	I bought for you today?
M: Duōshao qian maide?	How much did you pay for it?
F: Bu gui a! Nǐ bu xǐhuan?	It wasn't expensive! You don't like
                                                it?
M: Ou, hěn hao kan. Nī shangwǔ qu	Oh, it’s nice. You went shopping
   mǎi dSngxi la?	this morning?
F: Duī le.	Right.
M: Ni hai maile shěnme le?	What else did you buy?
F: Wo gěi nǐ maile liangJian chěn-	I bought you two shirts. And since
shān. Wo kan ni nājian lan	I saw that that blue sweater of
yansěde maoyī pole, hāi gěi	yours is worn through, I also
     ni maile liǎngjian maoyī.	bought two sweaters for you. One
Yijian shi huangde, yijian shi	is yellov and one is green. Look,
     lude. Nx kan. Xihuan ma?	Do you like them?
M: h§n hao kan. Xiěxie ni.	They're very nice, Thank you.
F: WS hai gei Xiao Ming maile	I also bought a fev undershirts
něiyī, něiku, he Jīshuang	and underpants and a few pairs of
   wazi.	socks for Xiao Ming.
M: Nǐ gei ziji mai shěnme le?	What did you buy for yourself?
F: WS zijl maile yijian jiākě,	I bought myself a jacket and an
 yijian waitao, hai maile	overcoat, and I also bought
yishuang xiě, yishuang hong	a pair of shoes, a pair of red
   yānsěde pixie.	leather shoes.
M: Hai ySu měiyou?	Anything else?
F: Mm • . . měiyou le.	Um . • . no.
M: Na ni wangle gei wo mai shuiyi	Then you forgot to buy pajamas for
  le ba?	me, didn't you?
F: Ou! Wo vang le! Wo mingtiān	Oh! ī forgot! I'll go buy them
    qu m5i, hao bu hao?	tomorrow, all right?
M: HSo.	All right.
     PART III REFERENCE LIST
22.	Nǐ yao zuo shenmeyangde yīfu?	What kind of clothing do you want
                                           made?
23.	A: Wo yao zuo yijian qipāo•	I vant to have a cheongsam made.
     B: Nǐ yao zuo shěnme liaozide? What material do you want it made
                                            from?
     A: Ni shuS yong shěnme liaozi What material do you think would be hǎo?	best to use?
    B: Women zhěli you hěn duo	We have many different kinds of
          zhSng liaozi, nin xǐhuan	material here; which kind do you
     nǎyizhong?	prefer?
2U. A: Ni yao zuo shěnme yangzide? What style do you vant it?
    B: Vo xǐhuan wo shēnshang	I like the one I have on. chuānde zhěijiān.
    B: Nǐ ke bu kěyi zhao zhěige	Could you make it in this style? yangzi zuo?
25. Wo gěi nin liang chīcun, hao	I’ll take your measurements, all
  "bu hǎo?	right?
26* Nǐ kankan zhěijiān mian^o	See if this cotton-padded jacket
    hěshī bu hěshi.	fits you,
2了• xīzhuāng	Western-style clothes; Western-style
                                             suit
     REFERENCE NOTES
     zuo: ’’to make，1’ but in the Reference List sentence it is used for "to have made." Zuo yīfu has two possible meanings: "to make clothes" or T’to have clothes made.，’ The context will usually make clear which is meant•
     Zai Taiwan zuo yīfu bu piānyi	Having clothes made isn*t cheap in
   le. '	Taiwan any more.
     shěnmeyajig: ”vhat kind，like what”
    Nide ditSn shěnmeyangr?	What is your carpet like?
Laide rěn shěnmeyangr?	What did the person who came look
                                            like?
     Ni yaode dltSn shi shenmeyangde? What kind of carpet is it that you
                                           want?
Nide pěngyou shi shenmeyangde	What kind of person is your friend?
       rěn?
     qipao: A close-fitting woman1s dress with high Chinese collar and slit side, now called in English a ^cheongsajn,11 from the GuǎngdSng dialect name.
Qf refers to the Manchurian nationality; pao means a Chinese-style long gown. Thus the name qipao comes from the fact that the ancestor of the modern cheongsam was originally worn "by Manchurian women.
     liaozi: "cloth, fabric, material11
     N? shu5".: Literally, "You say.",” but often used as in this question to mean, TTIn your opinion11 or ”Do you think.""
     -zhSng: ,fkind, sort*1
    Nide luxlng zhlpiao shi	What kind are your traveler1s
   na yizhSngde?	checks?
                                                                 螫
    Nī qu něizhSng dxfang zuo	What did you go to that kind
   shěnme?	of place to do?
    Zhěizhong Juzi h§n gui.	This kind of tangerine is very
                                            expensive.
     yangzi: (l) "appearance,” (2) "shape, form," (3) ”style, design:
Tade yaLngzi hen hSo kan.	Her appearance is very attractive.
Kan tā něi yangzi!	Look at his appearance! (i.e., "Get
                                           a load of him.”）
Nī shuode něige dSngxi shi	What does the thing you are talking
    shěnme yangzide?	about look like?
    Tāde qlpaode yangzi hen bu	The style of her cheongsam is
  cuo.	quite nice.
    Nide xīn yīfu shi shěnme	Whatfs the style of your new
  yāngzide?	dress?
     shēnshang: non one1 s body, on one's person’，
    Tā shēnshang you yijian lan	He has a blue overcoat on.
       dayi.
    Wo shēnshang měiyou qian.	I don’t have any money on me.
Wode qian xianzai dou zai tā	He has all my money with him right
  shēnshang.	now,
    ke bu kěyi: another vay to say kěyi bu kěyi.
     zhāo: f,according to”
   Jiu zhao zhěige nian.	Just read it the way it is here
                                           (according to this),
   Jiu zhao zhěige paijiā huan ba! Just exchange it according to
                                          this exchange rate.
Wo jiu zhao nxde yisi xiě,	I111 just write it the vay you want
    hao bu hao?	it written, all right?
    liang: "to measure，，
    Nǐ gěi wo liāngliang zheikuāi	Measure this piece of cloth *
     liaozi gou bu gou.	for me to see if there1s enough.
    chǐcun: "measurements，n literally, ”feet-inches•” Also pronounced chīcun (vith cun in the neutral tone).
     miazVao: ’’Chinese-style cotton-padded jacket11
     hěshi: ’’to fit; to be suitable, to be appropriate1，
    Zhěijiān yīfu hěn hěshi, bu	This garment fits well, it1s
  da yě bu xiǎo,	neither too large nor too
                                             small.
   Nǐ chuān zhěige yansě bu tai	That color doesn’t look right
      hěshi, huan (yi)jiān biěde ba. on you, try a different one.
    FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART III
Beijing. A man (A) goes to a tailor shop to have some clothes made.
(E) is the tailor.
A: Wo yao zuo jījian yīfu.	Ifdl like to have some clothes made.
B: Xing a. Nin yao zuo shěnme-	Okay, what kind of clothes do you
   yangrde yīfu?	want to have made?
A: Eng, wo yao zuo liǎngtao xīzhuāng,	I,d like to have two Western-
     yitao chūntian chuānde， yitao	style suits made, one to wear
    dongtian chuānde•	in the spring and one to wear
                                           in the winter.
B: Hao. Women shěr you hěn du5	All right. We have many kinds of
  zhong liaozi. Nin xihuan zuo	cloth here. What kind of cloth
  něizhong liaozide? Zhěizhong	do you like to wear? This kind
     liaozi zuo chūntian chuānde	of cloth would look very good
  xīzhuāng hěn hao kan. Nin	as a spring suit. Take a look
     kankan nin xihuan bu xihuan.	and see if you like it.
A: 0， hěn hao kan. Jiū zuo yitao	Oh, it's very attractive. Make
     zhěizhong liāozide ba.	one suit of this cloth.
B: Nin kan, zhěizhong liaozi zuo	What do you think of this cloth
dSngtian chuānde xīzhuāng	for the winter suit? Nice, isnft
     zenmeyeuig? Bū cuo ba? Hen	it? Itfs very warm, nuǎnhuo•
A: Liaozi hěn hao, keshi wo bu tai	The cloth is very good, but 工 donft
  xihuan zhěizhong yansě. Nfn	like this color very much. Do
    you lan yansede ma?	you have this in blue?
B: You lan yansěde• Zhěige	Yes, I do. How is this? zěnmeyang?
A: Hao. Zhěige wo hěn xihuan.	Good. I like this very much,
   Xiěxie ni.	Thank you.
      SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART III
Taipei. A woman goes to a tailor shop to have some clothes made.
A: Qingwěn, nīmen zhěli zuo bu zuo	Do you make cheongsams and cotton-
    qlpāo he mianfao?	padded coats here?
B: Women 2'uo, zuo.	Yes, we do, we do.
A: Wo xiang yong zhě liangkuai	I'd like to use these two pieces
liaozi zuo yijian qipao han*	of material to make a cheongsam
    yfjian miěn^So.	and a cotton-padded coat.
"han:~A common pronunciation in Taiwan for the character hě，’,and,’ or "with.”
B: Qipao yao zuo changde haishi	Do you want the cheongsam long or
  duande?	short?
A: Yao zuo changde.	Long.
B: Wo kankan nide liaozi you	Let me have a look at hov much mater-
duoshao ba. Zhěikuai kěyi	ial you have. With this piece you
zuo changde. Něikuai zhī	can make a long one. With that
kěyi zuo duǎnde.	piece you can only make a short one.
A: Na Jiu yong něikuai zuo mian'ao,	Then use that piece to make the
yong zhěikuai zuo qipao. Kěyi	cotton-padded coat and use that
   ba?	piece to make the cheongsam* Will
                                          that be all right?
B: Kěyi, kěyi, Něikuai liaozi	Sure. That piece of material is
     zuo mianfǎo hěn hěshi. Qlpāo	very suitable for making a
yao zuo shěnme yangzide?	cotton-padded coat. What style
                                          do you want the cheongsam?
A: Wo xǐhuan wo shēnshang chuānde	I like the one I have on. Can you
zhěijiān, Ni kě bu kěyi zhao	make it according to the style
    zhěijiānde yangzi zuo?	of this one?
M: Kěyi, Xianzai wo gěi ni liang	Yes. Nov I111 take, your measure-
    chīcun, hao bu hǎo?	ments, okay?
                               Unit	2， Vocabulary
b40	to be thin; to be light (of clothing)
chang	to be long
chěnshān	shirt，tlouse
chǐcun (chǐcun)	measurement; size
chuān	to put on, to wear
dai	to put on, to wear (glasses, gloves,
                                           a hat, a watch, Jewelry, etc.)
dayī	overcoat
-dǐng	(counter for hats)
fuzhuāngdian	clothing store
ganbufu.	cadre suit
gou	to be enough
han	and (Taiwan pronunciation)
he	and
hěshi	to fit; to be suitable
hou	to be thick; to be heavy (of
                                            clothing)
huai	to be bad; to go bad, to break
jiaJcě(r) OR jiākě(r)	jacket
-jian	(counter for clothing)
kuzi (yitiao)	pants
liang	to measure
liaozi	material， fabric
māoyī	sweater
maozi (yīding)	hat
mian1So	cotton-padded jacket
na	then, in that case
něiku	underpants
něiyī	underwear (undershirts, undershorts,
                                          briefs, slips， bras, etc-); just undershirt (when used in contrast to něikū, underpants)
nllong	nylon
pixie	leather shoes
po	to be worn out; to break, to tear
qjp£0	close-fitting woman1 s dress with high
                                          neck and slit skirt; cheongsam qū	to go
qunzi	skirt	.
shěnmeyāng	like what, what kind
shēnshang	on one’s body
-shuāng	Pair
shūbao	book bag, tote bag, carryall
shuiyi (yitao)	pajamas; nightgown
_tao	(counter for suits, sets of things)
-tiāo	(counter for long, winding things;
                                          counter for pants, translated "pair”） tuoxiě	slippers
waitao(r)	coat, jacket (that extends below
                                           the waist)
wāng	to forget
vazi	socks
xiě	shoe
xīzhuāng	Western-style clothes; Western-style
                                             suit
xūyao	to need, to require
yangzi	appearance; shape, form; style,
                                          design; pattern
yao	should; must; it is necessary,
                                          to need to
yīfu	clothes
yong	to use	—
yǔxiě	rainshoes; rubbers, galoshes
yǔyī	raincoat
zhao	according to
-zhong	kind, sort
ziji	self, oneself (myself, yourself, etc,)
zuo	to make; to have made
   Personal Welfare Module, Unit 3 Hair Care
         PART I
     REFERENCE LIST
1.	Jīntiān wo y5u shi，q.ing	I have things to do today, please
    ni kuāi yidiǎn jian,	cut [my hair： faster.
2.	A: Jian duǎn yidian ma?	Do you want it cut short?
    B: Bu yao jian tai duǎn,	Donft cut it too short, leave it
       liu chang yidiǎn.	a little long.
3.	Liǎngbiān jian duǎn yidian.	Cut the sides a little shorter, ii. Gou duan le-	Itfs short enough now.
5.	Wo yao xǐ tou.	I want a shampoo.
6.	Wo bu yao you.	I don’t want any (hair) oil.
了. Hai you toufa, bū shūfu,	Therefs still some hair [e.g.， on my
  qing ni nong gānjing	neck] and itfs uncomfortable;
   yidian.	please clean it up a little,
8.	Qing gei wo gua yixia huzi.	Give me a shave, please• (Literally,
                                              ，’Please shave the beard for me.,f)
9.	Ki yao chui běi ma?	Do you want your back pounded?
10.	NT yao anmo ma?	Do you want a massage?
11.	Nǐmen zhěli you cā_	Can I get a shoeshine here?
       pixiěde ma?
12.	liu huzi	to grow a beard 13• lǐ fa	to have a haircut 1^. lifadian/lǐfaguan	barbershop
     REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I
     you shi: ”to be occupied, to have something to do,” literally, ”to have business.
    Nǐ xianzai you	shi ma?	Are you busy now?
  Měi shi.	No, Ifm not busy.
     jian: Mto cut	(vith a scissors), to clip, to trim” Chinese has several
different words for	English f,to cut” depending on the method of cutting.
Jiǎn only refers to	cutting with a scissors or clipper•
     bu yao: ”don*t丨1 In Transportation Module, Un t 3，you learned biě for "donH” in negative commands. Bu yao means the same thing.
     liSng~biān: ”two sides, both sides” In English it is enough to say just ,fthe sides" and to add lftwoff or "both” seems superfluous, but liSng is necessary in Chinese. Perhaps this is because Chinese has no way of indicating plural, as does the £ in English, f,the side^."
     Gou duan le: "It’s short enough nowft There are two things to notice in this short sentence: (1) In English we say "short enough,11 but in Chinese you say literally "enough short11; in other words, gou is used as an adverb to modify the adjectival verb duan. (2) le here indicates a nev state of affairs: before, the hair wasnft short enough, but now it is. Thus le_ can be rendered into English by the word 11 now. M
     xǐ tou： Mto wash the hair” Tou is literally "head，” but in many cases actually refers to the hair. In most Chinese "barbershops a shampoo after the haircut is standard procedure, and you would not have to specify that you vant one. (Xǐ tou is translated as ’’to shampoo/1 Liquid shampoo is called xǐfajing, ^wash-hair-essence•n)
     Notice that Wo yao xǐ tou has been translated idiomatically as ”1 want a shampoo,” although literally xi tou is a verb-object "to vash the head/1 Many Chinese phrases made up of a verb plus object are ambiguous as to who performs the action. You might have been tempted to translate Wo yao xi tou as	— 111 want to wash the hair,” "but in this context the sentence actually means 111 want to have (my) hair washed，’，that is, by someone else (the barber). The context should tell you which meaning is intended. Another example:
                                         I am going to wash clothes.
 Wo qu xǐ yīfu.	OP
                                         I am going to have clothes washed.
Usually you won't have any trouble deciding which the speaker means; the situation or other things the speaker says will make it clear.
     you: Literally, "oil,” this word may be used in a looser sense to refer to all sorts of liquid preparations applied to the hair by hand (e.g., Vitalis).
The specific word for Mhair oil” is fayou or touyou.
     Hai y5u tSufa.*.: This is the sentence to say when the barber leaves bits of hair on your neck. The average person would gesture to his neck and say this sentence.
     shūfu: "to be comfortable; to feel good”
    Zhěige y?zi 2hen shūfu.	This chair is really comfortable.
    Zhěige xiao fēng hao shūfu a!	This breeze ("little wind”） feels so
                                             good!
Bu shūfu can either mean ,!to be uncomfortable" or "not to be well," that is, to feel ill.
    A: W^ng Xiaojie wěishěnme	Why didnft Miss Wāng come today?
           Jīntiān měi lai?
    B: Ta jīntiān bu shūfu.	She doesn’t feel well today,
     n5ng: An extremely versatile verb because it has such a general meaning: "to do/manage/handle/malce.M Nong often substitutes for a more specific vert. Also pronounced long or neng.
   WS qū nong fan.	I111 go get the meal ready.
   Wo qu nong něige.	I'll go take care of that.
   W5 zij? nong "ba.	Let me dc it myself.
    Biě nong něixie shiqing.	Don't mess around vith that sort of
                                             thing.
    Tā nongle hen du5 qian-	He came up with a lot of money•
But in the Reference List sentence, nong is used in an even more common way, meaning ”to make (someone/something a certain way)” or ”to get (someone/ something into a certain condition).1’ Other examples:
     nSngganJing: "to make/get something cleanu nonghuai: f,to break, to put out of order, to ruin" nōngpo: "to tear, to break"
     guā huzi: ,fto shave11, literally, ,Tto scrape the beard.” The verbotject phrase gua huzi， like x? tou in Reference List Sentence No. 5， may be translated in either of two ways depending on the context: either ,’to shave (someone)” or "to have someone shave oneself.”
     gěi vS gua huzi: 11 shave me” Gěi is the prepositional verb meaning 11 for. When you have a verb-o*bJect phrase like gua huzi you indicate the person upon whom the action is performed by using a gěi phrase.
    Qing ni g?i vo x? tou.	Please vash my hair for me (i.e.,
     I	give me a shampoo).
     chui běi: 11 to pound (someone^) back11 as in massage. Rarbert; in China often provide this service after the haircut. Here once ap;ain，chui bei is a verb-object phrase vith the same ambiguity as xl tou and p、uā huzi: it—may mean "to pound someone fs back11 or ”to have one1 s back pounded.
Again, the context determines the interpretation. When the barber asks you Nǐ yao chui běi ma?, you can safely assume that he is offering to pound your back rather than asking you to pound his.
     anmo: This is the noun ’’massage•” In recent years, an increasing number of barbershops in Taiwan, Hong Kon^, and a few in the PRC have added massage to their list of services. Chinese medical clinics and hospitals also give therapeutic massage.
     cā pixie: flto shine shoes/to have one1 s shoes shined” (Cā is ]iter-ally, to wipe, to rub,) Once again, there is potential ambiguity as to who is the performer of the action. Also note that Chinese must use the verb-object; there is no noun corresponding to English "a shoeshine.,f The translation of the Reference List sentence using na shoeshine" ir> idiomatic. Literally the sentence means, "Is there someone who shines shoes here?"
Cā pixiěde is a noun phrase meaning "someone who shines shoes, a shoeshiner.M
     liu huzi: lfto grow a beard," literally liu, ’’to leave, to let be,n and huzi beard, mustache,
     FIRST DIALOGUE FOB PABT I
Taipei. A Chinese man (A) valks into a barbershop and sits down in a "barber’s chair. The barber is B and the shoeshine boy is C.
B: Jiǎnduǎn yidiǎn ma?	Do you want it a little shorter?
A: Bū, vo yao liu chāng yidian.	I vant to leave it a little long.
B: Hao.	All right-
A: Nǐmen zhěli you meiyou cā pixiěde? Do you have someone who shines shoes
                                           here?
B: You， you. Ē， zhěvei xiānshēng	Yes, we do. (to the shoeshine boy)
yao cā pxxiě, kuai lai!	Hey, this gentlemen vants to have
                                           his shoes shined, come quickly!
C: Hao!	Okay!
      (Ten minutes later)
B: Xiānshēng, n? kankan houbian	Sir， take a look at how the back is,
     zenmeyang, hai yao bu yao	do you vant more off? zai jiǎn yidiǎn?
A: Bu yao le, houbian hěn hao.	No, the back is fine. As for the
   Liangbian me.••	sides•••
B: Liǎngbiān changle yidian?	The sides are a little long?
A: Liǎngbiān yě hěn hǎo. Jiū	The sides are okay, too. Just leave
   zhěyangzi bai	it this way.
B: Hao.
      (A fev minutes later)
B: Gěi nJ chui yixia běi zenmeyang? Pound your back for you?
A: Bu bi le.	That’s not necessary.
      NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE
     Liǎngbiān me: me indicates hesitation, indecision or consideration. It is translated here by the words "as for.11
      SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I
A barbershop in Běijīng. An American goes into a medium-sized barbershop. After sitting for a while in the waiting area, his number is called, he pays his fee to the cashier, and then sits down in a barber's chair. Since the American has been here three times before, the barber and he are already acquainted.
B: Hěi! Nin zhě tou* gou changde	Hey, this hair of yours is getting
  le!	avfully long!
A: Zhěiliǎngge yuě tai mang, měi	I*ve been two busy the past couple
shīJiān na! Duǎn yidianr	of months, I haven11 had any time!
  ba!	Cut it short for me, okay?
B: Xing a!	Sure!
B: Zhěi houbianr gou duan le,	It's short enough in back. How about liarxgbiānr zenmeyang? Duo liu the sides? How about leaving them yidianr hao bu hǎo? a little long? '
A: Bu yao liu le，nin jiū jian. ba.	Don’t leave them long, t1ust cut
                                             them.
Ē： Xianzai zěnmeyāng?	How is it now?
A: Bū cuo!*	Pretty good!
B: Na, dao neibianr zuo, wo	Then, have a seat over there and gěi nin xi tou. I'll give you a shampoo.
A: Hao.	All right.
B: Yao diǎnr you ma?	Want some oil?
A: Bu yao, bu yao.	No, I donft.
B: Guāgua huzi ba?	How about a shave?
A: Bu yong le, duo xiě nin, huzi	That1s not necessary, thank you.
wo zijī gua ba! Nin gei wo	I'll shave myself! Just clean up
bǎ toufa nonggǎnjingle jiu	the hairs for me and that will be
  xing le.	all right.
B: Hao, Xianzai shūfu le ba?	Okay, does that feel better?
A: Shūfu du5 le. Xiěxie ninl	Much better. Thank you!
B: Bu keqi.	You•re welcome.
     NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE
      měi shi jian na: Na is a contraction of n£ and a_.
     *bu cuo: "not "bad, pretty good”	（MTG 2)
     dao neibianr zuo: The £u is omitted from this phrase.
         PART II
     REFERENCE LIST
15.	A: Mingtiān wo yao zuo	I want to have my hair done tomorrow；
         toufa, wo xūyao yuyuē	do I need to make an appointment?
           ma?
B: Bu xūyao, wanshang bādian	No. If you come before eight in
         zhong yīqiān lai jiu	the evening there won’t be any
     měi věnti.	problem.
16.	A: Ni yao jian duōshao?	Hov much do you vant cut off?
    B: Wo yao jiǎn vufēn.	I want five fēn cut off.
1了， Hěishi you diǎn chang.	It's still a little long.
l8• Yao bu yao shiyishi liu chang	Do you want to try leaving it a
yidian? Wo xiang yiding	little longer? I’m sure it
   hāo kan.	vill look good*
19.	Wo xiang tang toufa.	I1d like to get a permanent.
20.	A: Ni yao Juan toufa ma?	Do you want to have your hair
                                            curled?
     B: Bu yao, chuigan jiu kěyi le. No， just blow-dry it and that will
                                            be fine.
21.	shii tou	to comb/brush onefs hair REFERENCE NOTES ON PABT II
zuo toufa: f’to do hair” or nto have one’s hair done" (See the Reference Notes for Part 工 on xǐ tou, guā huzi, chui běi, cā pixie.)
     yuyuě: ，，to make an appointment,f literally ITbeforehand make-an-appointment.” This is relatively nev PRC usage; this vord used to have only the meanings ’’a preliminary agreement” or，’to pre-order a book which has not yet been published.” In Taiwan (or the PRC for that natter), you may use instead the phrase xian yuē yige sh£jiān, ”to arrange a time beforehand.” Appointments are not generally required or accepted in barbershops and beauty parlors in the PRC or Taiwan.
věnti: "problem” or ’’question•’，Měi (you) venti is just like the English "no problem.n In addition to its literal meaning of MThere is no
prcTblem,” měi věnti can also "be used to assure someone that you are extending a favor gladly.
     Ke bu kěyi qlng ni gěi wo wen	Could you please ask about this
    zhěijiān shi?	matter for me? .
  Měi věnti.	No problem.
     fēn: A Chinese unit of length equal to 1/3 of a centimeter, or slightly more than 1/8 of an inch. Fēn originally meant ’’one tenth.f? You have also seen it meaning "one cent*，(1/10 of a dime, mao). As a unit of length, fēn is one tenth of a Chinese inch (cun). We have drawn a ruler marking off cun ("inches”） and fēn so that you can contrast it with our American (British) inch.
    o	i	2 cun
    1111111111111 ri I iTrlri ,e'n
   0	12	3
       j-j-j-J English inches
     you dian: Used before a state verb, you (yi)dian means f’a little, slightly, as in:
      you yidiǎn re	a little hot
       you yidian nan	a little difficult
The use of you yidian deserves your special attention, since English speakers learning Chinese tend to make the mistake of saying yidian nan (which is incorrect) for ’，a little difficultfl instead of the correct form ySu yidian nan. Remember to put in that you?
     shiyishi: nto try, to give it a try" Shi is nto try” in the sense of "to experiment.” It does not mean ,ftry" in the sense of "to make an effortn to do something.
     yiding: "certainly, surely, for sure, definite(ly)11 Literally, sentence 18 means I think it will surely be good-looking,lf which can be translated more smoothly as nITm sure it will look good. The phrase tfIfm sure • • •” will often translate into Chinese as W5 xiang • • • yiding • . . ， for example:
    Wo xiǎng nx yiding xihuan.	I*m sure you111 like it.
    Wo xiang ta yiding lai*	I’m sure he111 come.
     tang toufa: ”to get a permanent” The use of the verb tang for ”to get a permanent" has an interesting background and shows how Chinese adapts words already in the language rather than borrow from other languages. Tang originally meant (and still does) ,，to scald11 or ”to apply heat to，，something.
For example 5 tang yīfu means ”to iron clothes•” The earliest methods for giving a permanent wave used heated curlers; in fact, today in Běijīng (as in other parts of the world) electrically heated curlers are still used in one type of permanent called dian tang, "electric permanent•’， After the introduction of chemical permanents, the verb tang continued to be used, even though no heat is applied in the new process. Chemical permanents are called lěng tang, "cold permanent.u
     juǎn: ,!to curl, to roll upff You will find this verb used in many contexts, not just in the area of hair styling. It is the all-purpose vord for rolling or curling ribbons, paper, pastry, and building materials. CCurly hair is juǎnfa， straight hair is zhifa>]
     chuīgān: "to "blow-dry” Chui is Mto blow, to puff” and gān is the adjectival verb to be dry.M These two verbs used together to form a compound which indicates both the action and the result: "to blow until dry” or ’’to blow vith the result that (something) becomes dry."
     Chuigan and the English word "blow-dry," look as if they are exactly parallel, but they are not. In English you can leave off the word ,fblowff and just say "to dry someone1 s hair，1’ whereas in Chinese you cannot use gan to mean the action of drying something, only the state of being dry. You always need to use another verb with gān in order to tell the action which caused the drying. For example, cagan means ”to wipe (something) dry."
     FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II
A Canadian woman (C) valks into the Běijīng Hotel hairdresser1 s. First she talks with the cashier in front (A)， Later the hairdresser (B) calls her.
C: Jīntiān rěn zhěme du5, wo	There are so many people today. Ifll
    mingtiān zai lai ba. Qǐng	just come back tomorrow. May I
     wen, wo ke bu kěyi yuyuē?	ask, can I make an appointment?
A: Bu bi yuyuě, nin děng shifen	No need to, there will be a seat if
    zhong jiu you difang le.	you just wait ten minutes.
B: Qing zuo. Nin xiang zenme zuo? Have a seat, please. How would you Yao bu yao Jiǎn duan yidianr?	like it done? Do you vant it cut
                                           a little shorter?
c： Wo xiang wode toufa you yidianr I think my hair is a little long, chāng le, zui hao jiSnyiJian.	Ifd better have it cut a little.
B: Jian duSshao? Wǔfenr gou bu gou? How much? Is five fen enough?
C: Wǔfēnr? ”Wǔfēnr” shi shěnme yisi? Five fen? What does "five fen" mean?
B: 0， wufēnr jiu shi zhěme yidianr. Oh, five fen is this much. (Holds her
                                          thumb and index finger five fen apart•)
C: Ou, jian wǔfenr hao.	Oh, (it would be good to) cut off
                                            five fen.
B: Hao, women xiān gěi nin xǐ tou, All right, first ve’ll give you a Jianduan, ranhou zai zuo.	shampoo and cut, and then set it.
C: Hǎode.	Fine.
B: Nin yao tang haishi yao Juan?	Do you want to have a permanent or
                                           do you want to have it curled?
B: Wo bu xǐhuan tang, jiū juan-	I donft like permanents• Just curl
   yijuan hao le.	it a little.
B: Hao, jiu juanyijuan, chuigan.	Okay, 1*11 just curl it and blow-dry.
You shihour tang toufa yě hěn	Sometimes a permanent looks very
     hao kan. Xiayici nin kěyi	good, too. Next time you can try ,
  shiyishi.	one.
C: Hǎo, xiāci wo shiyishi.	Okay, next time I111 give it a try.
(Afterwards, the woman gets up and the barber takes her to the cashier at
the front of the shop.)
B: Xǐ tou yikuāi qian, jiǎn tou	A dollar for a shampoo， a dollar and
yikuāi wǔ, juan fa wǔ kuāi wǔ，	a half for a cut， five fifty for
chuigan yikuāi wǔ, o, yigong	the set, a dollar and a half for
     shi jiukuai wumao qian,	blow drying, um，altogether that1s
                                           nine fifty.
C: Zhěr shi shikuai, bu yong zhao le. Here1s ten dollars, keep the change.
B: Bu, zhao nin vumāo qian.	No, herefs fifty cents change.
C: Zāijiān.	Good-bye.
B: Zāijiān.	Good-bye•
         NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE
     Tipping is not permitted in the PRC. This is why the barber insists on
giving the woman her change.
     SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II
Taipei. A woman student about to have	her hair done is talking with the
hairdresser.
A: Xiaojie， ni yao zuo shěnme yang-	What style do you want it, Miss? zide tou?
B: Vo měiyou zuoguo toufa, měici	I1ve never had my hair done before,
d5u shi xǐyixi, jianyijian,	every time I’ve just had it washed,
chuīgān Jiu hao le.	cut and blow-dried, and that1s it.
A: Zhěici yao bu yao shiyishi ne?	Would you like to try this time?
B: Vo xiang wo juan toufa dagai bū	I think I probably wouldn't look
   hao kan,	good with my hair curled.
          (A shows B a photograph,)
A: Xiǎojiě， nǐ kan, zhěge yangzi hen	Miss, look, this sample is very
hǎo kande, zhi juan yidiǎndian,	pretty. It's only a little curled,
    nx yao bu yao shi yixia?	Would you like to give it a try?
B: Hao, wo shi yixia.	Okay, I'll give it a try.
A: Vo xiang nǐ yiding xǐhuan. • ♦ •	sure you'll like it... . Well,
.Ka wo jiu bu jian le, toufa	then, I wonH cut it. The set will
chang yidiǎn zuode hǎo kan.	look better if the hair is a little
                                              long.
B: Hao, xiěxie ni.	Thank you.
A: Eu kěqi*	You，re welcome.
     NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE
     hen hǎo kande: The 一de here means "that's how it is•” This usage is
typical of southern dialects.
     yidiandiǎn: ”a very little "bit”，less than yidiǎn.
                                  Unit 3， Vocabulary
anmo	massage
bū yao	don*t	.
cā	to rub, to wipe
chui běi	to pound (someone*s) back
chuīgan	to blow-dry (with a dryer)
fen	one tenth of a Chinese inch (cun)
gānjing	to be clean
gua	to scrape
guā huzi	to shave (the beard)
hūzi	beard OR mustache
jiSn	to cut (vith scissors)
Ju5n	to curl, to roll up
liǎngbiān	both sides, two sides
liu	to remain, to stay; to keep, to save;
                                          to grow, to let grow; to leave
liu huzi	to grow a beard or mustache
měi went!	no problem
nong	to do, to handle, to manage, to make
nong gānj ing	to clean up
shi	to try	—
shi(yi)shi	to give it a try
shǔfu	to be comfortable
shǔ t6u	to "brush or comb hair
tang	to get a permanent
toufa	hair (on the head)
went!	question, problem
xl	to wash
xl tou	to shampoo, to get a shampoo
yiding	certainly, surely, for sure
y6u	oil, grease
y5u shi	to be occupied， to be busy,
                                          to have things to do
you (yi)diǎn	a little bit, somewhat
                                         to make an appointment (PRC)
zu5 toufa	to do onefs hair, to have onefs hair
                                            done
  Personal Welfare Module， Unit b In the Home
       PART I
    REFERENCE LIST
1.	Yanjing gin zhipiaoben d5u	I have both my glasses and checkbook ： dai le. with me (on me).
2.	Xiaoběnzi zai wo xīzhuāng	My notebook is in my suit ~koudaili. pocket•
3.	ZhaoxiāngjI zai xiSngzili.	My camera is in the suitcase.
U. Ni daile yige luyinjl, dui "bu	You have a tape recorder with you,
  dui?	donft you?
5- Wǒ měi dai shoushi lai.	I didnft brin^ any jewelry with me.
6.	Nǐ bǎ nǐ daide dōngxi d5u xiě	Did you write everything you have ' zai shenbāodānshang le ma? with you on your declaration?
7.	； Wo daile ěrshijuan iuyīndai >	I have twenty reels of recording
                                           tape with me.
8.	Wo zhldao hen duo Zhongguo funu I knew that a lot of Chinese vomen
       bu dai shSushi， suoyi wo yě měi don’t wear jewelry, so I didn't dai shoushi lai,	bring any either.
9* Qing nlC ba xiangzi dakai gěi wo Please open your suitcase and let kankan.	me take a look.
10.	Měi shi le«	Everything is all right OF There's
                                           no further business.
11.	Ni yao daide dōngxi d5u yubei- Have you got all the things you want
    hǎo le ma?	to take vith you ready?
12.	zhīpiao	check (as in personal check)
    ^ REFERENCE NOTES ON PABT I
    yanjing: ”eyeglasses" Donft mix this up with yanjing, neye.,f In B?ijing speech these words are pronounced yanjxngr ("eyeglasses") and yanjing (?,eye,f), keeping them even more distinct from each other.
     zhlpiaoběn: "checkbook” Zhīpiao is a ”check," literally ”pay-ticket.w Běn(r) is a booklet•
     dai: "to "bring” This word sounds exactly like another you learned in Unit 2， dli’ "to wear， to put on (glasses， gloves, a hat, a wristvatch， jewelry, etc.)/， They are different words, however, written Vith different characters (带 for ”to bring" and 戴 for "to wear”）. The translation of the first Reference List sentence is idiomatic; we would say ,,I have • • • with me” or ”1 have • • . on me” when Chinese says literally, ”1 have brought ”
• • • ♦
     xiǎoběnzi: "notebook,11 literally "small book,” In Reference List sentence No. 2, xiaoběnzi is translated specifically as "address book.11 Actually, the word is more neutral in meaning (’’notebook, bookletn), but picks up the specific translation from the context.
     xiangzi: "box, trunk, case’1 Xiangzi corresponds to the English ,Tsuit-case,” while xlngli is the equivalent of luggage•M
     shēnbāodǎn: ffdeclaration form11 Shenbao is the verb "to report to a higher body, to declare something at customs. 1 Dan is the noun meaning "bill, list, note.11
     xiě zai shenbaodanshang: ”write it on the dec],' -ion form” Notice that the place phrase (zāi~ . . shang) is placed ar匕er the verb here, rather than in its usual place before the verb. When the location tells vhere the result of the activity is supposed to end up, that location phrase may appear after the verb (a position where other "results” also show up). Compare these two sentences:
    Zai zhuSzishang xiě zi.	Write (with paper) on the desk.
    Bu yao xiě zai zhuōzishang!	Donft vrite on the desk! (Said to a
                                           child making marks on the table.)
     funu: Mwomen^ vomankind” This the term for "women’，in the general sense• The^term nurěn is less polite and more biological: ,ffemale•" (In Taiwan, funu refers only to married women. Nude may be used for "women, voman•”)
     Wo zhidao hěn du5 Zhongguo fūnu bu dai shoushi， suoyi vo yě měi dai shoushi lai: The first verb dai means ”to wear，1’ and the second verb dai is ffto "bring with one,	•
     ba xiangzi dakai gěi vo kankan: "open the suitcase for me to take a lookn or open the suitcase and let me take a look"， You have learned gěi as a main verb "to give*' and as a prepositional vert meaning "for" (Q^ng ni gei vo huanhuan, ’’Please change it for me”）. In Reference List sentence No. 9 you see gěi used in a longer type of sentence. Compare the following
examples:
     ba xiangzi dǎkai gěi vo kankan open the suitcase for me to take a
                                           look
    nian gěi vSmen tīngting	read it aloud for us to listen
mai něidJng maozi gěi tā dai	buy that hat to give to her to wear
     zuo něige diǎnxīn gěi halzi chī make that pastry for the child to eat
When gei comes after the verb, it can mean either ”to give” or ”for，let.1'
For example, Ba něiběn shǔ nachulai gěi vo kankan could mean either ”Take out the book and (actually) give it to me to look at,” OR ”Take out the book for me to see (show it to me, not necessarily hand it to me).” The context vill help you decide which is meant; often, only one will make sense.
     CAUTION: Although gěi is sometimes idiomatically translated as ”to let," you should not take this to mean that English "to let’1 may always be translated into Chinese vith gěi* There is a very limited correspondence "between ’’let” and gěi• Usually you vill translate T’to let” as rang, which is introduced in Unit 6, Part III， of this module.
     Měi shi le: "Everything is all right now” OR ’’Therefs no further business.” Here, this means ”Nov that I’ve looked over your suitcase I find that there isn*t anything further we need to take up."
     yubeihǎo le: "prepared” You have already learned the word zhunběi，
"to prepare, to get ready1’ or ’’to plan to, Yubei is a close synonym.
Yubeihao or zhunběihao both mean ’’to get all ready.IT The ending -hao on certain verbs indicates bringing something to a satisfactory conclusion.
     FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PAET I
An American voman is going through customs in GuangzhSu (Canton).
M: Ni ba ni daide dōngxi d5u xie	Did you write everything you have
      zai shenbaodanshang le ma?	vith you on your declaration?
F: Dou xiě le.	Yes, I wrote everything.
M: Nī daile yige zhatoxiangjī, yxge	You have a camera, a tape recorder
       lūyīnjī, yige sh5uyīnjī， dui	and a radio vith you, don’t you? bu dui?
F: Dui le.	Right,
    WLF, Unit h
                                                                                                                                               ■ X
                             » *
M: Ni daile duSshao Iuyīndai?	How much tape do you have vith you?
F: Wǒ daile ěrshijuan.	I have twenty reels vith me..
M: Nǐ daile shoushi měiyou?	Do you have any Jewelry with you?
F: Wo zhīdao hen du5 Zhongguo funu I knew that many Chinese women donft bū dai shoushi, suoyi wo yě	wear jevelry, so I didn’t bring any
     měi dai shSushi lai.	jewelry either.
M: Nǐ daile duSshao Měijīn?	How much American money do you have
                                           with you?
F: Wo daile sanqian wubaikuai.	I have three thousand five hundred
                                            dollars.
M: Qǐng ni ba xiangzi dakai gěi	Please open your suitcase and let us
   women kankan.	take a look.
F: Hao.	Certainly.
M: Hǎo. Xiěxie ni- Měi shi le.	Okay, thank you. Everything is all
    Nī kěyi zou le.	right• You may go now.
       SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I
A Chinese couple in Taipei are talking just before the husband is to leave
on a trip,
F: Nǐ yao daide d5ngxi d5u yubeihao Have you got all the things you vant le meiyou?	to take with you ready?
M: Vo xiang wo d5u yubeihao le.	I think I have them all ready. I
Yanjing gin zhīpiāoběn dou	have my glasses and my checkbook
dai le. Xiaoběnzi zai wo	with me. My address book is in
     xīzhuāng koudai lǐmian.	my suit pocket.
F: Nǐ shu5 nī yao zhao xiang.* Nī You said you wanted to take pictures. dai zhāoxiangjī le meiyou?	Do you have your camera with you?
M: Wo dai le. Zai xiāngzili.	Yes. It1s in my suitcase.
       NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE
      •zhao xiang: ’’to take photographs" (WLF 6)
    WLF, Unit U
         PART II
      REFERENCE LIST
lh. Nj zhu fangzi haishi gongyu?	Do you live in a house or an apart-
                                          ment building?
15• Zhěige fangzi yigong you jlge	How many rooms does this house/
   fangjian?	apartment have?
l6. Zhěige fangzi you sanjian v5shi. This house/apartment has three
                                           bedrooms.
IT. WS dai ni kankan.	I111 take you and shov you,
18.	Women ba fangzi zuchuqu le.	We rented out the house/apartment.
19.	WSmen xiǎn dao kětlng zuo yixia, Let's first go and sit in the living
    he dian cha.	room and drink some tea.
20.	Zhěige fangzi haoxiang hen da. This house/apartment seems very large.
21.	Zenme dāde fangzi, gǎo věishēng： It must be a bother to do the
hěn mafan ba?	cleaning with such a large house.
22.	Pingchang Xiao Lltn gen wo yiqx Usually Xiao Lan straightens up the
    shSushi vuzi.	place (rooms) with me.
23.	Women dao fantIng chī fan qu ba. Let fs go to the dining room and
                                               eat.
2U# Wo shi zijx zuo fān.	I do my own cooking.
25.	chūfang	kitchen
26.	xizaofang	bathroom
2了. slńifSiig	study, library (of a house)
28. wofang	bedroom (alternate word for voshi)
      REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART II
      gōngyu: "apartment building,11 literally ’’public residence’’ In the PRC, the vord gSngyu is seldom used (only in the names of some buildings, and in technical contexts), but in Taiwan it is widely used. ,fApartment building’， may be translated as either gSngyu or gSngyulou. Gongyu is sometimes used
•Tnr* on	由”
    Nǐmende gSngyu you jǐjiān	How many rooms does your apartment
fangjiān?	have?	…
But you would use dānyuan, "unit，” not gōngyu, for ”apartment11 in
    Zhěige gongyulou you du5-	How many apartments are there
    shao dānyuan?	in this apartment building?
Although an apartment-dweller vill usually refer in English to his apartment in everyday conversation, Chinese usually just speak of their fangzi. In other words, any type of residencehouse or apartment—can be called a fangzi. Use the word gongyu when you need to distinguish clearly between "apartment11 and "house.
     -jiān: This is the counter for rooms. Don’t confuse it with the falling tone -jian, the counter for articles of clothing, which you learned in WLF 2,
     dai: This is the verb you learned meaning nto bring (along), to take (along).11 Here it is used vith the extended meaning of Mto take” or "lead” someone to a place.
   Wo dai ni qu.	I’ll take you there.
    Xiāwu qǐng ni dai haizi dao	In the afternoon, please take the
 gongyuan qu vanr•	children to the park to play.
     zūchuqu: lfto rent out” The verb zu by itself means ,fto rent” in the opposite direction, that is, to rent something from the ovner. Contrast:
    Wǒ ba fangzi zuchuqu le,	I rented out the house.
    Wo zule yige fangzi.	I rented a house (to live in)•
     kětin^: ''living room，” literally,，，guest-hall,
     dao kěting zuo yixia: ngo to the living room and sit a while” This is roughly the equivalent of dao kětīnR qū zuo yixia. The verb is sometiines omitted after a dao phrase when the meaning of ”go” does not need to be emphasized.
     he cha: f,to drink tea’， This is not an involved ritual as the Japanese have, but it is not simply the taking of a beverage, either. He cha, in a social setting means talking and relaxing while sipping tea. Books have been written on tea in China, its social significance, and the art of serving it. Ve cannot do justice to the topic in this small note. Let us just leave you with two tips:
        1. Except with close friends, don’t turn down	"
               a cup of tea when offered. It is as much a gesture of friendship and a means of communication as it is a "beverage.
         2. Don't ask for sugar, lemon or milk. Unless you are in a restaurant ordering it, lemon and milk vill most likely be unavailable. It is a double embarrassment to your host, who may not keep lemon and milk on hand, and who hates to see someone defile the good taste of pure tea.
     haoxiang: 11 to seem, it seems as if" Use this word as an adverb, placing it before the verb phrase.
   Tā haoxiang bū dong.	He seemed not to understand. OR
                                          He didn’t seem to understand.
     Nǐ haoxiang "bu tai xǐhuan zhěige You don’t seem to like this house fangzi.	too much.
    Ni haoxiang zai xiang shěnme	You seeiri to be thinking about
  shi.	something.
    Tā gēge haoxiang chāngchang	His older brother seems to get
    shēng bing.	sick very often.
Haoxiang is sometimes used merely to express that the speaker thinks a situation is so, but cannot confirm his suspicion. In such sentences, haoxiang is best translated as MIt seems to me that . • .’’or ”1 think . . .’’or "I seem to remember •. • . Notice that the word order in Chinese stays the same.
    Wo haoxiang zai nar kanjianguo It seems to me Ifve seen this zhěige 21.	character somewhere before *
    Ni haoxiang gāosuguo wo zhěijiān I seem to remember your telling me shiqing.	about this before.
  Zai něige shihou， tǎ haoxiang	At that time, he was still living
     hāi zhu zai JiāzhSu.	in California, I think.
  Meiguo haoxiang měiyou zhěige,	It seems to me you don’t have this
    dui bu dui?	in America, do you?
     pao věishēng: "to. clean,” literally ,’to do sanitation” This is an expression used in the PRC. The verb gǎo, ’’to do, originally a vord found in southern dialects of Mandarin Chinese, is now widely used in Standard Chinese, even in Beijing. In Taiwan, gap does not have as vide a usage as in the PRC, where many new expressions have been created since 19^9 using this ve b.
     mafan: ’’to be troublesome, to be a nuisance, to be inconvenient”
In the Money module， you learned the verb mafan for ”to bother, to incon-venience (someone)，” as in Mafan ni le， "Sorry to trouble you.” Here you learn mafan as an adjectival verb.
   Nā tāi mafan le.	That fs too much trouble
  Zhen mafan.	What a bother,
     plngchān^: "usually, generally, ordinarilyf? Like other two-syllable time words, pingchang may come before or after the subject, but always before the verb.
     Pingchang women d5u zai kětīng
   kan dianshi.	We usually vatch television in
     Women pingchang dou zai kětīng	the living room, kan dianshī.
     Wo pingchang jiǔdian zhSng cāi	I don ft usually get off work
  xia ban.	until nine o*clock,
     shoushi: "to straighten up, to tidy up (a place)，’ or ”to put away, to put in order, to clear away (things). Use shōushi when you1 re talking about neatening up a place, use gǎo věishēng when you1re talking about soap and water cleaning in the PRC [and gao qlngjiě "to (soap and water) clean，1 in Taiwan].
     Tā haoxiang you bānnian měi	It looks as if he hasn’t picked
    shōushi wuzi le.	up his place in half a year.
     Nx kuai yidianr shSushi xingli, Pack your things quickly, ve want women yao zou le.	to leave.
     vuzi and fang jian: Both of these words means f’room, chamber"’ Wūzi is seldom used in Taiwan, however. For rooms in public places， like hotels, use fangjian rather than vūzi.
      f ant Ing: ，’dining room,，，literally ’’meal-hall. n
     chi fan: ”to eat，” literally ”eat food•” Fan is literally, "cooked rice/ "but in the expression chi fan it refers to food in general or a meal. This is another example of a verb plus general object, like nian shu, ”to study'* or shu5 hua ”to speak.n (See BIO, Unit 了•）This verb chi may, of course, be followed by a specific object such as pingguS,
”apples，” as in:
    Wo chile yige pīngguo.	I ate an apple.
But if you mean ”eat” in the sense of nto eat food” or "to have a meal，” then you should use the general object fan:
Nǐ chi fan le meiyou?	Have you eaten? (Have you eaten
                                            a meal?)
   Tā zui ai chī fan.	He loves to eat most of all.
     zuo fan: "to cook, literally ”to make food•” This is another verb-general object combination. As with chī fan， the verb alone may be used with more specific objects.
     chūfang: "kitchen,ff literally ,fkitchen-room.11
     xlzaofang: "bathroom11 This is a room for taking a bath, and not necessarily a room with a toilet. Xīzao, which is introduced in Part III of this unit, means ’’to take a "bathT0~Remember, if you want to ask where there is a toilet, ask for the cesuS,，’toilet;’1 or use the polite Westernized term, xǐshSujian, "washroom.” In rural areas, you would ask where the cěsuo is.
     In Taiwan, modern houses and apartments usually have the toilet in the same room as the bathtub. In the PRC, apartment buildings "built during the 19501 s may have a room with a bathtub in the Apartment. Apartment buildings built since then usually only include a toilet and sink in each apartment, and no bathtub.
     You should usually lower your voice to ask where the bathroom is.
Many people even consider it polite to put one’s hand in front of the mouth when asking Cěsuo zai nali? Another polite way to ask is Wo kěyi yong yixia nimende cěsu5 ma? TTMay 工 use your toilet?”
     shǔfang: ’’study,’1 literally ""book-room.’，
     vofāng: lfbedroom,n literally ”sleeping-room. n Wofang and voshi are both used for ’’"bedroom,
     FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II
A Chinese voman (Fl) has "been invited to dinner at the home of an American couple in Taipei.
Fl: You! Nimen Jia hěn piaoliang, Oh, your house is lovely, so neat shoushide zhēn gānjing!	and clean!
F2: Xiěxie ni. WSmen xian dao	Thank you. Let fs first go and sit
kětīng zuo yixia he dian cha.	in the living room a while and
                                           and drink some tea.
     WLF, Unit h
Fl: Hao.	Fine.
F2: Wo xiansheng you shi dao	My husband has gone to T丨aichung
     Taizhong qū le. Jīntiān	on business. This evening it
      vanshang jiu shi women liangge	will be just the two of us eating, rěn chī fan.
Fl： Na women yiqǐ zuo fan, hao	Well then, let1s cook together,
  bu hao?	all right?
F2: Bu yong le. Chufang hen xiǎo.	There*s no need to. The kitchen is
Wo yijīng ba wanfan d5u	small. Ifve already prepared
   yubeihao le.	dinner.
Fl: 0， zhěige fangzi haoxiang hěn	Oh, this house seems to be quite large.
  da. Nǐmen you Jǐjiān woshi?	How many bedrooms do you have?
F2: Zhěige fangzi bu tai da. Women	This house isn't very large. We
  you liǎngjian woshi. Zai kě-	have two bedrooms. They are to
ting youbiān. Kětīng zuǒbian	the right of the living room. To
     you yige shǔfāng. Pingchang	the left of the living room
     women d5u zai shūfang kan	there1s a study. We usually
  dianshi. Wo dai ni kankan,	watch television in the study,
 zenmeyang?	Would you like me to show you?
Fl: Hen hǎo.	Sure.
F2: Hao, women dao fanting qu chī	Okay, let*s go to the dining room
  fan ba.	and eat.
Fl: Haojlie.	Great.
      NOTES AFTER THE DIALOGUE
      Wǒ xiānshēng you shi dao TaizhSng qu le:	husband has gone to
Tfaichung on business. ’ More literally, My husband had some business and
went to Taichung.
      SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II
An American man (M) is talking with a Chinese women (F) in Běijīng.
F: Nǐde jiā zai Meiguo shěnme	Where is your home in America? difangr?
      WLF, Unit b
M: Zai Huashěngdun.	In Washington.
F: N? you fingzi ma?	Do you have a house?
M: Women y5u yige fangzi.	Yes, we do.
F: Nǐ lai Běijīng, fangzi zěnme	When you came to Beijing, what
   ban?	did you do with the house?
M: WSmen ba fangzi zuchuqu le.	We rented it out.
F: Nīmende fangzi da bu da?	Is your house large?
M: Bu hěn da, ye bu hěn xiǎo.	Itfs not very large and itfs not
Louxia you kětīng, fāntīng,	very small. Downstairs therefs
      shūfang, gin chufang. Lou-	the living room, the dining room,
  shang you sǎnjiān voshi	the study, and the kitchen •
      gen liǎngjian xǐzaofang.	Upstairs there are three bedrooms and two bathrooms.
F: Ou* you zhěme du5 fajigjian.	Oh, there are so many rooms. It
Gǎo věishēngde shihour hěn	must be troublesome when you do
   mafan ba.	the cleaning.
M: Bu tai mafan. Haizimen dou	Itfs not too troublesome. The
da le. Tāmen yě gǎo wěisheng.	children are all grovn up. They
                                           do the cleaning, too.
F: Nǐ xǐhuan bu xihuan ni xianzai	Do you like the apartment building
    zhūde gSngyu?	where you're living now?
M: Mamahūhū. Zherde gSngyu hai	So-so. The apartment buildings
   kěyi.	here arenft too bad.
       NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE
      hai kěyi: Literally ”still okay,” this phrase actually means ”isn4 too
"bad •”
      PART III REFERENCE LIST
29- Haizi xīngle yihou jiao tāmen	After the children wake up, have
   xǐ lian.	them wash their faces.
30.	Wanshang shui jiao yīqiān jiao Before they go to sleep at night,
tamen shuā ya， xizǎo.	have them brush their teeth and
                                           take a bath.
31.	Xǐle lian gěi tamen he niunai• When theyfve washed their faces, give
                                          them some milk to drink.
32.	Bǎ hāizi gěi vo, vo baoyibāo•	Give the baby to me, I'll hold him.
33.	Wang Ryi， haizimen chi fan	Auntie Wāng, after they1ve eaten,
     yxhou děi shui vmjiao.	the children have to take a noon-
                                           time nap.
3^. Re shui shāohǎo le měiyou?	Have you heated up the hot water?
35* Guo mǎlude shihou yao xiǎoxin. Be careful vhen crossing the street.
36.	yāgāo	toothpaste
37.	shushu	uncle
      REFERENCE NOTES FOR PAET III
     xing: "to wake upf! This is a process verb. It describes the change from sleep or unconsciousness to waking or consciousness: ’fto become awake, to become conscious, to become sober.11 In completed affirmative sentences, you will see the marker le; in negative sentences you will see měi (not bu~ this is not a state vertTT Some of the quirks you faced with a verb like bing (”to get sick,n not "to be sick’’），you also face here* When you are thinking in English of ”He IS NOT awake,” you should think ”He HAS NOT avakenedn in Chinese.
Tā xǐngle meiyou?	Did he vake up? OR Is he awake yet?
    Tā hai měi xing.	He is not awake yet <
      jiao: ,fto ask, to order，to tell (someone to do something),f This is a prepositional verb, which means that it and its object precede the verb.
    Fuqin jiao haizimen hullai.	The father told the children to
                                                come back -
   Nǐ jiao ta guolai.	Ask him to come over.
     shui jiao: f,to sleep, to go to bed,f
     Ta bādiǎn zhSng Jiu shui jiao le. He went to bed at eight o’clock
                                            (already)•
    Nǐ jǐdian zhong shui jiao?	What time do you go to bed?
    Tā měitiān shui bage zhōngtou. He sleeps eight hours a night.
   Nǐ shuide hao bu hǎo?	Did you sleep well?
   Nǐ shuihaole ma?	Did you sleep well? OR Have you
                                           finished sleeping?
    shuā ya: "to brush teeth" Besides brushing teeth, you can shuā yīfu, "brush clothes，” and shua xiě, ”brush (off) shoes. Do not use shua for use for brushing hair，however [see shū tou ’’to comb or brush one*s hair, WLF, Unit 3)• [The noun for a "brush is shuāzi.D
     niunai: Literally, ”cow-milk，” and used only to refer to cow's milk. The vord nǎi by itself does not specify the kind of milk,
     bao: ’'to embrace, to hug,f people, or "to hold in one's arms11 a child, package, etc.
    Lai, baba gěi ni "baobao,	Come, papa will hold you. (said to
                                          child as he is handed from mother to father)
     flyl: 11 auntie" This is a term of address used by children for friends of the family, not blood relatives.
     shui vǔjiao: f,to take an afternoon nap,’’ literally, Hsleep noon-nap.n The vujiao， a nap after lunch， is very popular in China. Many institutions, factories, and schools give time off every day for this purpose.
     shao: ’’to heat, to cook11 (Another meaning is "to burn.n) Since the verb shao by itself means to put heat to something, a resultative ending is needed when you vant to indicate "boiling” or "heated up.n
    Wo qu shāo diǎnr shuī.	1*11 go put some water on (the
                                             stove).
   Re shuJ shaohao le.	The hot water has been heated up.
    Shui yījīng shāokāi le.	The water is already boiling.
     mǎlū: ’’paved road. This is the word usually used for paved city streets. Malū is literally ,,horse-road>,f that is, a road on which horses and people can go, A theory has also been advanced that the mǎ is a transliteration of the first syllable of f,macadamff (a road made with layers of rolled broken stones, with a tar or asphalt base).
     xiǎoxīn: "to "be careful，” literally ”small~heart•”
   Ē, xiaoxīn diǎnr!	Hey, be a little more careful!
     shushu: ’’uncle” This is a term of affection used "by children for older male friends of the family.
     FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART III
A Canadian voman (A) is talking to her new maid (C) in Beijing.
A: Wang Āyl, haizimen chī fan yihou	Auntie Wang, after lunch the child-
děi shuā yā, ranhou zai shui	ren have to brush their teeth and
wǔjiao. Pingchang tamen shui	then take their naps. Usually
yiliǎngge zhongtou. Xingle	they sleep an hour or two. After
      yǐhou gei tamen xī lian, zai	they wake up, wash their faces for
dai tāmen chūqu vanrwanr.	them, and then take them out to
                                             play.
C: Hao.	Okay.
A: Xiavu siwudian zhong gěi tamen	At four or five in the afternoon,
he niunai.	give them some milk to drink.
C: Tāmen wanshang yao chī shenme? What will they eat in the evening?
A: Wo yijing zuohao le. Dou zai	Ifve prepared it already. It!s all
zhěr. Wanshang shui jiao	here. At night before they go to
yiqian Jiao tāmen shuā ya,	bed, have them "brush their teeth
xǐzǎo. Haizimen yitiān yao	and take a bath. The children
shuā. sanci ya.	are supposed to brush their teeth
                                      three times a day. C: Hao.
SECOND DIALOGUE FOR FART III
In Taipei on a Sunday afternoon, a young mother (Huimīn) and father (Tingsōng) are at home:
M: Huimǐn, wo xiang he diǎn cha,	Huimīn, I want some tea, do you?
       ni yao bu yao?
F: Yao, danshi re shui měiyou le.	Yes, but there’s no more hot water.
   Wo qu shāo.	Ifll go put some on.
M: Bu yao, bu yao, wǒ zijl qū.	No, no, Ifll go myself.
F: Hǎo, wo qu kankan Xiao 成。	Okay, If11 go check if XiSo Bao (the
    xǐng le měiyou.	baby) is up yet.
(They both leave the room. Later when Huimǐn (the wife) returns, Tlngsong
is sitting on the sofa.)
F: Ting,* Xiao Bao xīngle. Nī bao	Ting, XiSo Bao is up. You hold him
yixia. Wo qu ta niunai	for a minute. Ifm going to go
nonghao•	get his (cow’s) milk ready,
M: (To the baby) Lai, rang baba	Here, let daddy hold you. baobao.
       (Huimin comes in with a "bottle and hands it to Tingsōng.)
M: Nǐ kan, shui wǔjiao yihou, tā	Look, he’s so hungry after his nap. zhen ě•*"
F: Shi, tā meici d5u shi zhěiyang.	Yes, hefs like this every time.
      NOTES OK THE DIALOGUE
       *,,Ting1' is the wife*s affectionate abbreviation of her husband's name,
Tingsōng,
      ••至： "to be hungry
                                  Unit h, Vocabulary
Syi	auntie
bāo	to hold, to embrace
cha	tea
chi fan	to eat
chufang	kitchen
dai	to bring, to take with one
dai	to lead, to take
dakai	to open
fangjiān	room
fanting	dining room
funu	women
gǎo	to do, to engage in
gǎo wěisheng	to do cleaning
gōngyu	apartment building; apartment
gongyulou	apartment "building
haoxiang	to seem (to be), to appear that
he	to drink
-jiān	(counter for rooms)
jiao	to tell/ask (someone to do something)
-juan	reel (of recording tape); to curl，
                                          to roll up
kětīng	living room
kǒudāi	pocket
lian	face (of a person)
Iuyīndai	recording tape
luyīnjī	tape recorder
mafan	to be troublesome, to be a bother;
                                          bother, trouble
mǎlu	street, avenue (paved)
měi shi (le)	everything is all right (now); there
                                           is no (further) business
niunai	(cov*s) milk
pingchang	usually, generally， ordinarily
shāo	to heat; to cook
shāohaole	to have heated up; to have finished
                                          cooking
shēnbao	to declare, to report
shēnbaodān	customs declaration (form)
shoushi	to tidy up
shoushi (shoushi)	jevelry
shua	to brush
shuā yā	to brush oners teeth
shūfang	study (room)
shuǐ	water
shui jiao	to sleep
shui wujiao	to take a noontime nap
shushu	uncle
wofang	bedroom
woshi	bedroom
wuzi	room
xiangzi	suitcase, box
xiaoběnzi	small notebook
xiSoxīn	to be careful, to take care
xǐng	to vake up
xizāo	to take a bath
xīzao fang	"bathroom
ya	tooth, teeth
yāgāo	toothpaste
yanjT'ngCr)	glasses (spectacles )
yūbei	to prepare
yubeihao le	to have prepared
zhaoxiāngj1	camera
zhīpiao	check (as in personal check)
zhipiaoben	checkbook
zūchūqu	to rent out
zuo fan	to cook
Personal Welfare Module, Unit 5 Minor Physical Complaints
          PART 工
    REFERENCE LIST
1.	A: Nǐ nar "bu shǔfu a?	Where do you feel bad?
    B: Wo tou těng, houlong ye you I have a headache and my throat is dianr teng.	a little sore.
2.	Wo xiang ni garnnāo le.	I think you’ve caught a cold.
3.	Wo xiang wc bu fāshāo.	I don’t think I have a fever.
U. Nǐ zui hao chi diǎnr zhěige yao You'd "better take some of this ba.	medicine.
5.	A: Zuotian wo qu kan daifu le. Yesterday I went to see a doctor, B: Nǐ kan shěnme?	What did you want treated?
  A: Wo kesou,	I have a cough.
6.	Ni dao neige yTyuān qu kan bing? Which hospital are you going to
                                          to see a doctor?
7- Liu Daifu shi nělkē yīshēng	Is Dr. Liu a physician or a
    haishi vaikē ylshěng?	surgeon?
8.	t'ong	to hurt (another pronunciation for
                                            těng)
9.	āsipilln	aspirin
    REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I
    těng: nto hurt, to ache1，When talking about body aches and pains, you use a topic-comment pattern• For example ”1 have a headache，” in Chinese is literally "As for me, the head hurts”：
Wo	t6u těng.
As for me, head hurts•
      ganmao: "to catch a cold; a cold11 This may be used either as a verb or as a noun. [To say ffto have a bad cold,” use ganmao hen lihai， lihai meaning "severe,]
   Wǒ gǎnmāo le.	Ifve caught a cold.
     Nide ganmao hao yidian le ma?	Is your cold a little better now?
      fāshāo: "to have a fever/1 literally, ”develop-fever，’ This may be used as a state or a process:
      STATE
   Wo fāshāo•	I have a fever•
   Wo bu fāshāo.	I don’t have a fever.
    Wo you dian fāshāo.	Ifm a little feverish.
      PROCESS
    Wo fāshāo le.	I have a fever (more literally, "I
                                           have developed a fever”）.
    Wo měi fāshāo.	I don’t have a fever (more literally,
                                            ,fI haven11 developed a fever"),
     Wǒ fāshāo yǐhou jiu bu xiang After the fever came on，工 didn’t chī dōngxi le.	feel like eating anything.
      chi dian zhěige yao: "take some of this medecine,” literally, ”eat medicineis the way to say,，’to take medicine/’ Of course, for liquid medicines you could also say he, ”to drink," but one still usually says chi,
     kan daifu: nto see a doctor,，Also kan yishēng.
    Wo děi qū kan daifu.	I have to go see a doctor.
      Nǐ kan shěnme?: In another context，this could mean ,?What are you looking at?^~Here, however, kan is used in the sense of nto have (a medical complaint) treated” or "diagnosed” by a doctor.
     Nǐ qu kan ganmao le ma?	Did you go have that cold of yours
                                           treated?
     Wode houlong bū tai shūfu, děi My throat doesnft feel too well; qu kankan.	I'll have to go get it treated.
     Zhěige bing děi dao da yīyuan	For this illness you have to go
   qu kan.	to a large hospital to get it
                                            treated.
     kesou: "to cough”
     něikē: (1) ’’department of internal medicine，，(of a hospital), or (2) ”internal medicine” (as a field). Nei means ”internal” and kē means either (1) ’’department，section" or (2厂"branch (of a study),
     yishěn^: ”doctor,” literally, nheal-er.t! In Běijīng, daifu is the more conversational vord and yishēng the more formal. In Taiwan, hovever, daifu is not used much.
     něike yishēn^: ”physician”
     vaikē: (1) "department of surgery" (of a hospital), or (2) nsurgery,,T (the branch of medicine).
     waikē yishēng: "surgeon”
     tong: ’’to hurt, to ache, another pronunciation for těng. āslpilin: ’’aspirin” Also pronounced āsipǐlin, asipīling^ āsip.Llin^.
      ■ FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PAET I
A man from Shanghai (A) is visiting his classmate (B) in Běijīng.
A: Nǐ shuS Tltou tong?f haishi ”t6u	Do you say t6u tong (”to have a
  těng"?	headache") or t6u teng?
B: Beijing rěn dou shuo TTtou těng,"	People from Beijing all say tou
    wo xiǎng "tong” shi nǐmen	těng. I think tong is vhat is
     Shanghai rěn shuode. Zenme?	said by you people from Shanghai.
xianzai tou těng a?	Why? Do you have a headache now?
A: Ng， wo you dianr tou těng.	A little.
B: Shi ma? Nǐ hāi you nar bu	Do you? Where else do you feel
 shūfu?	bad?
A: Houlong ye you dianr těng, hěn	My throat hurts a little， too. ī
     xiang chī diǎnr lěngde dong-	really feel like having something
     xi. Wǒ yiding shi ganmao le.	cold to eat. I must have caught
                                             a cold.
B: Fā shāo ma?	Do you have a fever?
A: Dagai bu fā shāo, wǒ měi juěde	Probably not, I don1t feel hot
  re.	(OR haven*t felt hot).
B: Jīntiān xiāvu women bu qū	This afternoon let’s not go to the
gongyuānr le, nǐ zai jiā	park. You rest a little at home,
  xiūxi xiuxi ba. Wǒ xianzai	Right now I*11 go buy you some
qu gěi ni mai dianr yao,	medicine, and tomorrow I111 take
     mingtiān zai dai ni qu kan	you to see the doctor• daifu.
A: Hao "ba!	Okay!
      SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I
In Beijing, a parent drops in on a neighbor to talk about his daughterfs
illness:
A: Nī zhao vo you shěnme shir a?	Are you looking for me for something
                                           in particular?
B: Xiao Hua gǎmnāole, kěsoule yige XiSo Hua caught a cold and has been xīngqi le, jīntiān fāshāo fade	coughing for a week. Today she
hen gāo， houlong ye hěn těng.	has a very high temperature and
                                           her throat hurts a lot.
A: Nǐ dai ta qu kānguo le ma?	Have you taken her to have it treated?
B: Kānguo le. Tā chile hen duo	Yes. Shefs taken a lot of medicine,
     yao, kěshi hāi měiyou hao,	but she still hasn1t gotten better.
A: Na wo qu zhao wo yige zai Beijing Then 1#11 go look up a friend of mine Yīyuan gōngzuode pěngyou, tā	who works at the Běijīng Hospital,
    shi waikē yxshēng.	He's a surgeon.
B: Wāikē yīshēng! Xiao Hua kěsou, A surgeon! XiSo Hua is (just)
fāshāo, zenme qu kan waikē?	coughing and has a fever. Why go
                                          to see the surgery department?
A: Ou, wode yisi shi qǐng wode	Oh,工 mean 1*11 ask that friend to
něige pěngyou gěi Xiǎo Hua zai	make Xiao Hua an appointment in
něike yūyue yige shijiān. Tā	the department of internal medi-
ycu hen duo nēikede pěngyou.	cine. He has a lot of friends in
                                           the department of internal medecine.
B： Kǎo, na jiu tai mafan nin le.	All right, then I111 trouble you to
                                          do that. (OR Ifm putting you to too much trouble.)
A: Zhěi měiyou shenme. Jīntiān	This is nothing. Today have Xiao Huā
     rang Xiao Hua duo xiuxi xiuxi.	get a lot of rest. Tomorrow I can
Dagai mingtiān jiu kěyi qǐng	probably ask a doctor to treat it
    daifu gěi ta kan le.	for her.
           NOTES AFTER THE DIALOGUE
      rang: ”to let, to allov, to have (someone do something)ff This is a prepositional verb which you will see more of in Unit 6,
     …du5 xiuxi xiuxi: ”rest a lot” The adjectival verb f,to be many, to be much, to be a lot" is used here as an adverb modifying the verb f,to rest’、 xiūxi> As an adverb, du5 may mean ”a lot，” "more,” or "too much，” depending on the context. In du5 xiuxi xiuxi it obviously means ’’a lot” or "more.1，
     Yǐhou, wo yao du5 xiang nin	From now on, I shall learn from
  xuěxx.	you more.
Duo shuo yě bu hao, shǎo shu5	It isnft good to say too much, nor
   ye bu hǎo.	is it good to say too little.
     Lifa yxhou xiǎng chui yixia "běi If you want to have your back pounded shi bu shi yao duo gěi qian?	after a haircut， do you have to pay-
                                            extra?
Some students get into the bad habit of always translating du5 as ’’more/’ Remember that the adverb duo can also mean either na lot" or "too much.
Thus, if someone invites you to dinner, even before you have started to eat, the host may say to you Du5 chi yidianr! Since you haven11 yet touched the food this sentence cannot mean, "Have some more"; it simply means nEat amply•” We might say in English，”Have as much as you like," or 1,Help yourself.”
Here are some more examples showing du5 does not always mean "more•”
     Zhěizhong pingguo zěnme pianyi These apples are this inexpensive? a? Na women jiu duo mai	In that case, letfs get a whole
  dianr ba!	bunch of them!
    Duo laile yige rěn.	One person too many came.
     Tā duo gěile shikuai qian.	He gave ten dollars too much.
    Du5 mai jǐbenr.	Buy a fev extra volumes •
Contrast Du5 laile yige rěn, "One person too many came，" vith You lUile yige rěn, ’’One more person came.
         PART II
     REFERENCE LIST
10.	A: Wo dūzi hěn bu shūfu.	My belly [lover abdomen] feels bad.
   B: Ni xiě du ma?	Do you have diarrhea?
11.	W5 tou yūn，xiang tu.	dizzy and nauseous•
12.	A: N? tlvēn shi duōshao?	What’s your temperature?
   B: Sānshibadu.	Thirty-eight degrees.
13.	WS you věibing.	I have stomach trouble, ill. WS ySu diǎnr dabiān ~bu tong.	I'm a little constipated.
15.	Qing ni tang zai zhěr.	Please lie down here.
16.	Qlng ni ba shangyi tu5 le.	Please undress down to the waist.
                                           (Please take off your upper clothing.)
17.	Āiyou!	Ouch!
18.	Qlng ni gěi wo kai ge yaofāng. Please vrite a prescription for me.
19- Wo tāitai shēng bing shēngde	My wife is seriously ill. hen lihai•
20.	lā duzi	to have diarrhea
21.	xiǎobiān	to urinate; urination
     REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART II
     duzi: ""belly, lower aMomen’1 This has often been translated as ”stomach，” but actually when sqrrieone 芑ays Wo dūzi ten呙 or Wo duzi bu shufu, they are most often referring to lower abdominal or intestinal pains. Nevertheless, you may sometimes want to translate it as "stomach，” in the looser sense of "belly,n for example:
    Něige rěnde duzi hěn da.	That man has a big stomach/'belly.
   Wo dūzi ě le.	hungry. (Literally, ?fMy
                                           stomach is hungry.")
A colloquial expression for ”to be pregnant’’ is dūzi da le， literally, the abdomen has become Mg," or da duzi le.
     xiě dū: ”to have diarrhea*' There are several expressions for "diarrhea” in Chinese; xiě du is a good choice to use when talking to your doctor, since it is neither too informal not too technical. (See also la duzi, below.)
     yūn: ’’to be dizzy" Often used after tou, "head”： tou yun. Pronounced with the Falling tone, yun, this word is used in the expressions yun chē, "to be carsick/trainsick,” yun chuan, "to be seasick,” and yun fēijī， to be airsick.
    Wo kan shū kande tou d5u yūn	I've been reading so much that
  le!	1*131 dizzy!
(In this sentence, d5u doesn’t mean "all，” but ”even, to such an extent that.” This type of dou is always used vith le_ at the end of the sentence,)
     tū: ’’to vomit” Xiang tu，literally ’’to feel like vomiting，” means ’’to feel nauseous,
     tivēn: "body temperature" Only used for the temperature of a body.
匸The general vord for "temperature" is wēndu, which is presented in Part 3 of this unit.D [Tivenbiao is a medical thermometer,J
     -du: "degree" This noun does not take a counter.
     věibing: "stomach trouble; gastric disease,” literally, "stomach illness,
     dabian bu t5ng: "to be constipated” Dabiān (literally ’’major-convenience) raeans"~TTtTliavē^L™tovel movement?t or ?,feces (Xiǎo'biān^ "minor-convenience，" means "to urinate” or "urine.") Bu t5ng means doesn't go through, is blocked up. ”
     tang: ffto lie, to recline” Notice that the zai phrase goes after the vert tang in the sentence Qing ni tang zai zhěr. This is because the zai phrase shows the result of the verb tang: you end up being here (zai zher) as a result of the action of lying (tang)• TSngxia or t5ng xialai means ftto lie down. In some of the following sentences, notice that tang corresponds to "be in bed.n
    Tā ganmao le, tangle yitiān.	He got a cold and stayed in bed
                                           for a day (OR and has been in bed all day today).
    Tā xihuan tangzhe kan shū.	He likes to read lying down.
    Yījīng bādiǎn zhSngle, nī hāi	It eight o^clock already, and
    tangzhe ne.f	you1 re still in bed!
    Tangxialai xiūxi yihuir ba.	Lie down and rest for a while,
     shāngyī: "upper garmentsn [Also sometimes means ”coat.,f]
     tuo: nto take offn (clothes, shoes) This is the opposite of chuān’
"to put on.11
 Kuāi ba dayī tu5xialai.	Come on and take off your coat. *
    Tā zhěng tuozhe yīfu, jinlai	Right when he was taking off
 yige rěn.	his clothes, someone came in.
 Qing ni tuōle xiě zai j xnqu.	Please remove your shoes before
                                       going in,*
•This is said "by the host to a guest vhen he arrives. You might have thought that the use of the word kuai, usually translated as ’’hurry up and . . .11 sounds impatient and impolite. Actually, it is the exact opposite. Here, kuai indicates the host’s concern that the guest, although wanting to take his coat off, would be too polite to do so immediately.
**In Taiwan, most households have kept the Japanese custom of removing shoes before entering the living areas. (Guests, though, are not in every case expected to take off their shoes, especially for short visits during dry weather.)
     kai: You have seen kai meaning *’to open.” Here it means ’’to write out” a prescription, list, receipt, check, etc.
     sheng bing: "to get sick’， Shēng means literally, tfto develop, to happen•”Ta shēng bing le means virtually the same thing as Tā bing le.
 Jinnian chūntian shēng bingde	Lots of people are getting sick
    rěn hěn duo.	this spring.
     Ta shēng bing shingle liangge	He has been sick for two weeks
 xīngqī le, hai měi hao.	nov and hasn’t recovered yet.
     Ni hai shēngzhe bing ne， zěnme You’re still sick; how can you keyi chūqu?I	go out?!
 Tā shēngde shi shěnme bing?	What illness is it that he has?
     lā dūzi: "to have diarrhea/1 a more colloquial, but not at all improper, vord for xiě du.
    Tā lā duzi lade hen lihai.	He has a bad case of diarrhea.
          FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II
A man in Taipei calls a doctor^ office	to ask what he should do for
his wife!s illness.
A: Wěi.	Hello.
8: Wěi, qingwěn Zhang Yīshēng	Hello, is Dr, Zhǎng there, please? zSi bu zai?
A: Zhang Yīshēng xiānzāi zāi	Dr. Zhang is seeing patients now,
     kan bing. Qingwěn nī ySu	What can I do for you? shi ma?
B: W5 tāitai shēng bing le, "bingde	My wife is very sick. Yesterday she
h?n lihai. Ta cong zuotiān	began to be dizzy and to run a
kāishi t6u yūn, fāshāo. Zu6tiān	fever. Yesterday she stayed in bed
tSngle yitian, jīntiān zSoshāng	all day, but this morning she still
hai fSshSo，d^zi yě hen "bū	had a fever, and she has abdominal
shūfu, hāi tu.	painsy and shefs even vomiting.
A: Ta xiě du ma?	Does she have diarrhea?
B: Xiele jlci.	She's had it a few times.
A: Tade tlwēn shi duoshǎo?	Whatfs her temperature?
B: N, sanshibādu via.	Uh, 38.5 degrees.
A: Ni gei tS chī shěnme yao le ma?	Have you given her any medicines?
B: Tā bu něng chī yao, meici chile	She can11 take medicines, every time
dSngxi jiu tu.	she takes any food or drink she
                                                  vomits •
A: Nā nī mas hang bǎ ta song dao zhěli	In that case bring her here right
 lai.	away.
B: HSo. WSmen mSshāng jiti iSi.	All right. We111 be there right
                                             avay.
          SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II
In Běijīng, a young man (A) visits a clinic.
N: Ērbǎiwǔshihao!	Two hundred fifty!
A: Shi w5.	That1 s me,
N: Q3!ng jin.	Please come in.
D: Ni zěnme bū shūfu a?	What's the matter with you?
A: WS tou yun, xiang tū, zǎoshang	Ifm dizzy, nauseaous, and since this
wS kaishl dūzi teng.	morning my "stomach11 has been upset.
D: ōu. Xiě duzi ma?	Oh, Any diarrhea?
A: B\i xil, h£i ySu diSnr dabian bu	No, I'm even a bit constipated, tong,
D: Ńg? Qing nin "b5 shangyī tuōle,	Oh? Undress down to the waist,
 tang zai zhěr, v5 tīngting.	please, lie down here, and Ifll
Zher těng ma?	have a listen. Does it hurt here?
A: Bu těng.	No.
D: Zhěr ne?	Hov about here?
A: Aiyou! Zhěr hěn těng.	Ouch! It hurts there!
D: N5l congqian ySu věibing ba?	Have you ever had stomach trouble
                                           before?
A: XiSode shfhou you, keshi hěn duo	When I was a child I did, but I
 nian měiyou těngguo le. Zu6-	haven!t had any pain for many
tiān vSnshang y5u kaishl bū	years. Last night it began to feel
 shūfu le. Yěli shui jiāo ye	"bad again. During the night I
 shuide bu h5o, xingle hSo Jīci.	slept very poorly, too. I woke
                                           up several times.
D: H5o, wS gěi ni kai ge yāofāng.	All right. Ifll write you a pre-
 Chīle yao, xiūxi xiuxi, yaoshi	scription. After you take the
 bň hSo, xiage xfngqi zai lSi	medicine, get some rest, and
k&nkan.	if it doesn’t get better, come
                                          and see me again next veek.
A: H5o, xiěxie ni!	Okay, thank you.
     PART III REFERENCE LIST
22.	A: Nǐ liangguo tǐvēn	Have you taken your temperature?
          le meiyou?
B: Liangguo le, vēndu bu	Yes. My temperature isn^ high,
       gǎo, sānshiqīdu du5	a little over 3了 degrees. yidiSn,
23.	Ni yao du5 xiūxi xiuxi, duo he	You need to rest a lot and drink
   kaishuJ.	a lot of (boiled) water.
2h. WS gěi ni liāng yfxiā xuěya,	Ifm going to take your blood
                                           pressure.
25.	W5 xuěya gāo.	I have high blood pressure.
26.	Ni xiang bu xiSng zhao	Do you want to see an acupuncturist?
     ahēnjiǔ daifu gei ni k&nkan?
2T. litixingxing gSnmao	influenza, flu
28, kāi dao	to operate; to be operated on
29* di	to be low
     REFERENCE NOTES ON PART III
     liang: ”to measure” You first saw this verb in the context of taking measurements for clothing. Here you see it used for taking temperatures.
It can also be used for measuring a piece of land or the dimensions of a room,
     t^vēn and věnd^: Both of these are translated as ,,temperaturen in the sentences above, "but they should be distinguished. Tlvēn is literally nbody temperature" and thus is used when talking about taking human temperatures. Wēndu is literally ”temperature degree,’ and is generally used in measuring heat or cold.
     Nǐ wūzilide wēndū shi duoshSo? What1s the temperature in your room?
[There is another word given, literally "air temperature,11 used, for example, used in weather reports.1
     yēndu bu gao: "the temperature is not highM Normal body temperature (98•6m F) is 37^Celsius. Each additional degree Celsius is 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit.
     kāi shui: ’’boiled water" This is water that has been boiled, but is not necessarily hot. Often kāishu? is served as a hot beverage, however.
The Chinese commonly believe that ice cold beverages are not good.
     xuěya: ""blood pressureliterally "blood pressure.1* Xuěya gāo is "high blood pressure,’’ and xuěyā di is ’’low blood pressure.11
     zhēnjiū: "acupuncture and moxibustion” Also pronounced zhēn,1iu. Acupuncture is a practice of traditional (but not necessarily orthodox) Chinese medicine where parts of the body are pierced with needles to treat disease or relieve pain. This is "based on the idea that the body1s energy (qi) forms an integral system vhich must be maintained for good health.
This is done by applying pressure or releasing pressure to restore the balance of £1^. Moxibustion (traditionally more important than acupuncture) involves the smoldering of herbs on certain body points. In some cases the herbs are placed directly on the skin and lit with a stick of incense; at other times 9 a slice of ginger is first placed on the skin and the herbs burned on top.
     Nǐ xiǎng ~bu xiSng zhSo zhēn jiu daifu gěi ni kankan?: This has been translated on the Reference List as Do you want to see an acupuncturist?” which is the conversational English equivalent. A translation more revealing of the structure of the question might be: ftDo you want to look for an acupuncture doctor to give you treatment?”
     liuxingxing gǎnmāo: ’’influenza, flu，” literally "epidemic cold.’’ Liuxing: the verb lfto "be prevalent, to be popular, to be common." -Xing means "quality, characteristic,,f and when used as a suffix corresponds to lf-esque,f in "picturesque，’，or "-like1’ in nchildlike•” Liuxingxinfz： is then "having the characteristic of being prevalent,ft specifically epidemic/1
     kai dāo: "to operate; to be operated on,，，literally nto open or operate the knife."
     DIALOGUE FOR PART III
In Beijing a worker pays a return visit to a health clinic.
D: Chile wS gěi nide yao, hao	Are you a little better after having
   yidianr le ma?	taken the medicine I gave you?
A: Haishi t6u těng, h6ulong těng,	I still have a headache, and Ifm not
    shui jiao shuide hěn bū	sleeping well at all. I often
    hǎo, yěli changchang xǐng.	wake up at night.
D: WS kankan nide houlong.	Let me have a look at your throat.
A: S.	Ahhh•
D: Nide houlong hěn hong. Qing ba	Your throat is very red. Please
shangyī tuSle- Kesou yishēng.	take off your upper clothes. Cough.
Hao. Nǐ xiān liāngliang txwēn,	Okay. First I111 take your temper-
  ranhou wo zai gěi nǐ liang	ature, and then I'll take your
xuěyā. • . . Wēndu bu gāo,	blood pressure. • • • Your temper-
sānshiqi du. Nǐ congqian you	ature isnft high, 3了 degrees. Have
xuěyā gao ma?	you had high blood pressure before?
A: Měiyou.	No.
D: Jīntiān nǐde xueyā you diSnr gāo,	Your blood pressure is a little high
  dagai shi zuotiān yěli shuide	today, Tt1s probably that you
 bu hao.	didn’t sleep well last night,
A: Yīshēng, yige lǐbai le, zěnme	Doctor, itfs been a week. How come
   hāi měi hao?	I’m still not better?
D: Liuxingxing ganmao hěn bu	Influenza is really not easy to get
rongyi hǎo. Wo gěi nǐ kāi ge	rid of. 1*11 write you a prescrip-
yaofāng, zai chī dianr āslpīlln.	tion, and you take some more aspir—
Nǐ hai yao duo he diSnr kāishuī,	in. Also, drink a lot of (boiled)
 duo xiūxi xiuxi.	water, and get a lot of rest.
A: Hao, xiěxie ni.	Okay, thank you.
      NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE
*kěsou yishēng: Literally, 11 cough	one sound.n -Sheng is the counter
for utterances *
Unit 5， Vocabulary
āiyou	ouch; oh dear
āsīpīlin	aspirin
chī	to take (medicine)
dabian	bowel movement
daliian bīi tong	to be constipated
daifu	doctor
di	to be low
-dū	degree (e.g., on a thermometer)
duzi	belly, abdomen, stomach
fāshāo	to have a fever
ganmao	to catch cold; a cold
houlong (houlong)	throat
kāi dao	to operate; to be operated on
kāi yaofāng	to write a prescription
kāishuī	boiled water
kan bing	to have an illness treated/diagnosed
kan daifu	to see a doctor
kěsou	to cough
lā duzi	to have diarrhea
liang	to measure
liang tǐwēn	to take a person1s temperature
lihai	to be severe, to "be fierce
liuxingxing ganmao	influenza, flu
něike	internal medicine, general medicine;
                                           department of internal medicine
něike yīshēng	internist, physician
shangyī	upper garment
sheng	to develop (as in shēng bing)
shēng bīng	to get sick, to become ill
tang	to lie, to recline
těng (tong)	to hurt, to ache
tiwēn	(body) temperature
tou	head
tou těne	to have a headache; headache
tū	to vomit
tuo	to take off (clothing)
wāikē	surgical department
wāikē yīshēng	surgeon
věi	stomach
věibing	stomach trouble, gastric disease
wēndu	temperature
xiang tu	to feel nauseous
xiaobian	to urinate; urination
xiě du(zi)	to have diarrhea
xuěyā	blood pressure
xuěyā dT	low blood pressure
xuěyā gao	high blood pressure, hypertension
yao	medicine
yaofāng(r)	prescription
yīshēng	doctor
yiyuān	hospital
yun	to be dizzy
zhēnjiū (zhēnjiǔ)	acupuncture and moxibustion
 Personal Welfare Module， Unit 6 Accidents and Difficulties
        PART I
      REFERENCE LIST
1.	Zǎogao! Zěnme ban? Wode hūzhāo Oh, no! What am I going to do?
   diǔ le.	I1ve lost my passport.
2.	Wo xiang nǐ děi dao jīngchat1u	I think you should go to the police
     qu zhao j^ngcha tanyitan.	station and find a policeman to
                                          talk it over vith.
3.	Jǐngchaju ySu fanyi ma?	Are there interpreters at the
                                          police station?
b. l,Waishin jiu shi vaiguo rěnde	^Wāishi” means matters having to do
   shiqing.	with foreigners•
5- WS ba jiashǐ zhlzhao diū le.	I've lost my driver's license.
6. Jīntiān zǎoshang wS cai faxian 工 didn’t discover Ifd lost it until diū le.	this morning.
了. WS xiwang něng kuāi yidianr	I hope I can get a new one quickly, ling yige xīnde.
8.	Yaolpuran bū něng kāi chē，bū	Otherwise it vill be inconvenient
   fāngbian.	not being able to drive.
9.	Ni qū zhao xiang.	Go and have your picture taken.
10.	G5ng'ānju	Bureau of Public Security
11.	waishi jingchā	foreign affairs policeman
      REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I
      zaogāo: "too bad, oh darn, how terrible, what a mess,n literally, ,’rotten-cake.’’ This is used as an exclamation of dismay. It is often equivalent to "Oh no!，,：
      Zāogāo! Wǒ wangle dai fěijT-	Oh, no! I forgot to bring the
   piao le!	plane tickets!
As an adjectival verb, zāogāo means	"to "be in a mess, to be in a bad state,，， as in:
     Narde qlngxing hěn zāogāo.	The situation there is a mess.
 Zhěiben shū xiěde zhēn zāogāo.	This book is terribly written.
   Tā hěn zāogāo.	He1s in a very bad way.
     Yaoshi zhěige bingrěn lāide zai If this patient had come any later wan yidianr jiu zāogāo le.	than he did, he would have been
                                            in a real mess (in "big trouble).
     diū: "to lose” You can analyze the sentence Wode huzhao diu le this vay:
    Wode huzhao__diū le,_
        As for my passport， I (it has been) lost.
In some areas of China (including Taivan) you would hear the word diao instead of diū: Wode huzhao diao le.
     fānyi: "to translate, to interpret; translator, interpreter，， Also pronounced fānyi (with a neutral-tone yi)•
     shiqing: "matter, affair, business, thing." Shiqing refers to abstract things, while dSngxi refers to concrete things -
     jiāshǐ zhizhao: "driver’s license” Jiashi is "to drive (a vehicle) Zhizhao is a "license， permit•”
     faxian: ’’to discover, to find,	to find out"
     Wo zai zhěr fāxianle yige	I’ve discovered a problem here, věnti.
 Zhěi shi gang fāxiānde yizhSng	This is a nev kind of medicine
   xīnde yao.	which has just been discovered.
The object of faxian may also be a clause:
 Wo huilaile yǐhou jiu faxian	When I came back I discovered that
    tā yījīng zou le‘	he had already left.
The expression Wo faxian , . . can often be translated as f,I notice that • . .’’or ’’I find that • ~~7* 厂 It often prefaces a personal observation, as in:
    Wǒ faxian hen duo Meiguo rěn	I find that many Americans feel
  juěde you hāizi hěn mafan.	that itfs a lot of trouble to
                                           have children.
     WS fāxiān ni hen xihuan xīnde	I notice (or, lfI get the impression1')
    dōngxi.	that you like new things very much.
As a noun, faxian means "discovery’1:
    Zhěi shi yige hěn zhongyaode	This is a very important discovery,
       faxian.
     cai: "then and only then，not until” This adverb should be used when an event happens relatively late: f’not until this morning.” Cai is the opposite of Jiu, the word for，’then” when something happens sooner or earlier. When a sentence using cai describes a completed action, the verb will hardly ever take the ending -le; notice that faxian in sentence 6 cannot have -le. Here is another example:
    Tā zuotiān cai gaosu vo.	He didn1t tell me until yesterday.
     kuai yidianr: "a little more quickly,M or as in No. 了， "soon.” Kuai yidianr gives the impression of "being even sooner than zǎo yidianr. Both mean ”soon•"
     ling: "to receive, to get，to pick up, to collect11 something that is issued or given (a prize, salary， materials, passport, etc.)
     yaoburan: "otherwise/’ literally ,?if-not-thus.M Like keshi ,’but" and danshi "~but，howeveryaoburān always comes at the front of the clause in which it occurs.
    Vo dei mashang zou, yāoburān	I have to go right away, otherwise
    wǒ jiū wan le.	I'll be late.
    Wǒ dei zuo fēijī qu, yāoburān	工 have to take a plane, otherwise
    jiu tai man le.	it’ll be too slow.
     zhao xiang: ”to take a picture,11 literally, "illuminate-iniage.” You already learned zhāoxiangji> "camera，M in WLF Unit h, Part I. The counter for xiang "pictures is -zhān^ (the same one as for tables, sheets of paper and other flat things)• Zhao jǐzhāng xiang thus means "to take a few pictures.'' (When NOT using the word xiang as the object of zhao, however, you should use zhaopian or xiangpian for "photograph,)
     Like many verb-object expressions, zhao xiang has the potential ajntii-guity of meaning either ”to (verb) an (object),r or "to have an (object) (verb)-edM: "to take a picture” or "to have onefs picture taken. You saw this with several verb-object expressions in Unit 3:
   jiǎn toufa	to cut hair	to	have onefs hair cut
   xǐ tou	to give a shampoo	to	get a shampoo
   guā huzi	to shave	to	have a shave
   cā plxiě	to shine shoes	to	have onefs shoes shined
    tang toufa	to give a permanent	to get a permanent
   juan toufa	to curl hair	to have one’s hair curled
    zhao xiang	to take a picture	to have one Ts picture taken
     For example, in the case of zhao xiang, a photographer might say Wo qu zhao xiāng» ”1 am going to take pictures”； but a person going to a photographer 's studio might say the same sentence, Wo qū zhao xiang, meaning ”1 am going to have my picture taken."
     The fact that such sentences may mean either of two things rarely causes any misunderstandings in practice• The context almost always makes it perfectly clear which meaning is intended.
     With these verb-object expressions, if you vant to specify the person on vhom the action is performed, you have to use a gěi phrase (you can't make the person the direct object because the verb already has a direct object). For example, to say ”工’m going to take a picture of you,u say:.
                    Wǒ gei nǐ zhao xiang.
Likewise:
    Tā taitai gěi ta jian toufa.	His wife cuts his hair.
     *Although misunderstandings are rare, they are not impossible. Here is a short exchange illustrating how zhao xiang might be misunderstood and how the misunderstanding might be cleared up, (For this example you need to know zhaopian, ’’photograph，’’ and zhāoxian^Ruǎn，’’photography studio,)
     A: Wǒ jīntiān zhao xiang qu le. Today 工 vent to take pictures/
                                           to have my picture taken.
    B: Zhao shěnme? Zhao fēngjing What did you take pictures of?
      ma?	Did you take pictures of scenery?
    A: Bū shi a. Yinvěi wo yao	No. I'm going to get a passport
         ling huzhao, děi you	and need photographs, so I went
          zhaopian, suoyi wǒ qū	to a photo studio and had them
          zhaoxiangguǎn qǐng tamen	take my picture,
            gei vo zhao xiang.
Here "A" meant by his first sentence ’’Today I went to have my picture taken, but ”B” understood him to mean "Today I vent to take pictures,”
     wai^hT .ITdkcIkI : "rorcign affairs policemcn/1 l-ho：īe who (Iom.I wl l.li
1'ore i Kii n.*it i on；il •
     1U八U、(;UK KOH PAKT I
A foreign ofl'icial in Běijīng talks with a Chinese colleague.
M: Ni Jintian zěnme lai zěnme wan?	JIow come you are so late today?
F: Zhēn zāogāo!	It1s Just awful!
M: Zěnine le?	VThat happened?
V: Wǒ ba jiashi zhizhao diū le.	Ifvn lost my driver’s license. I
      Wo shi z\xo chūzǔ qichē laide.	had to come by taxi .
M： 7,ai nǎr diūd1 a?	Where did you lose it?
F: Wo bu zhīdao. Jīntiān zǎoshang	I don*t know. I didn’t discover
 wS cai faxian diū le. Wo	Ifd lost it until this morning,
 zěnme ban? Yao dao jingchājū	What am I to do? Should I go
   qu ma?	to the police station?
M: Wǒ wěnyiwěn Gong1anjū zěnme gei	I'll ask the Bureau of Public Security
     ni ling yipe xīnde.	how to get you a nev one.
F: Wǒ xiwang něng kuai yidianr.	I hope it vill be soon. Otherwise
Yaoburan bu něng kāi che	it will be' inconvenient not being
    bu fāngbian.	able to drive.
M: Na ni xiān qu zhao xiang. Wo	Well, then, you go and get your
 gěi ni wěnwen zěnme ban.	picture taken, 1*11 ask for
                                           you what you should do.
     NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE
Zai nSr diǔd^?: "Where did you	lose it?” d'a is a contraction of de
and a^. The whole sentence vould be Ni shi zai nar diǔde a?
        PART II
      REFERENCE LIST
12. Ai! Shěi lai banRban^ mang!	Hey! Will someone please come
                                            help!
13- Tā bei qichē zhuang le.	He was hit by a car,
1^. Tā mōtuSchē qide tai kuāi le. He was driving his motorcycle too
                                              fast.
15.	WSde tux těngsǐ le!	My leg is hurting me to death!
16.	Nǐ liu xue le ma?	Are you bleeding?
17.	WSmen xiān ba tā tai dao lū-	Letfs first carry him to the side
    biānrshang qu ba.	of the road.
18.	Wǒde tuǐ don^buliǎo, dāgāi	I can1t move my leg， the bone is
   gūtou duan le.	probably broken.
19.	Qǐng ni mashang gěi yīyuan	Please call the hospital
   da dianhua.	immediately.
20.	Biě zhǎojl.	Donft get upset.
21.	Wo zai zhěr	kānzhe ta.	IT11 stay here and look after him.
22.	-liang	(counter for vehicles)
23.	jiūhuchē	anfbulance
      REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART II
      shěi: ,’someone，’ The question word shěi f,whoM can also be used to mean 1 someone.M
      běi: This is the prepositional verb which indicates the doer of the action, similar to the English "by11 in passive sentences. In sentences with běj. it is the subject (tā in sentence 12) vhich received the action and the object of běi (qichē in sentence 12) which did the action.
     Wode zidian běi xuěsheng	My dictionary was taken by a
  nazou le.	student•
Běi has a special characteristic other prepositional verbs do not share: it can occur WITHOUT AN OBJECT. Its passive meaning is still evident in the rest of the sentence:
     W5de xīn qichē běi zhuāng le.	Viy new car was hit.
    WSde yǔsan běi nāzǒu le.	Ity umbrella vas taken.
     qi: "to ride/drive by straddling" While zuo is the verb "to ride1’ generally - and specifically when sitting down, £1_ is the verb ’’to ride” used with horses, motorcycles and bicycles.
     těngsǐ le: "to hurt a lot,1’ literally ”to hurt to death (figuratively speakingT^
     liū xue: ,fto "bleed,” literally "to flow blood11 Xuě is also pronounced xiě and xuě.
     tai: ,?to lift or carry (by two or more persons)’’
Qing b5 zhěige zhu5zi tai-	Please carry this table in (with me
   jinlai.	or someone else).
     Qlng "ba zhěi liSngjian da xfngli Please carry (with me or someone else) taishang chē qu.	these two large suitcases onto the
                                            train.
    Ba dianshi taixiā l6u lai.	Bring the television downstairs
                                           with me*
     dong: nto move (either oneself or something else)”
  Biě dong!	Don1t move.
    Xiān bu yao dong ta.	Letfs not move him just yet.
(Dong can also mean ’’to touch，’ something, so Biě dong can also mean nDonft touch it.”）
     dongbuliǎo: "unable to move” The endings -deliǎo ’’able” and -*buliao ”unable are used with action verbs to show the result of the action.
Zěnme duo xlngli, w5 yige rěn	I canH carry all this luggage by
   nabuliao.	myself•
    Tā kāi dāo bu jiu, hāi zSu-	It hasnft been long since the
buliSo lū.	operation. She's not yet able
                                           to walk.
Xia zhěme da yǔ. Xianzai	It’s raining so hard. We canft
   zSubuliSo•	leave now.
     mashang: nimmediately, right avay,” literally "on a horse"
     da dianhua: nto make a phone call,” literally flto hit electric-speedi. To indicate vho you are calling, use the prepositional verb g?i "for, to.”
    NS gei shěi dS diānhuā?	Who are you calling?
     Lao Wang you gei ni da diSn-	Lao Wang called you again,
      hua le.
The noun dianhua by itself can mean either ,ftelephonefl or ,ftelephone call,
     Nǐ hai měiyou dianhua ma?	Are you still without a phone?
    You nide dianhua.	There1s a call for you.
Sometimes you can use dianhua where English would have ”telephone number11: Nide dianhua shi duSshao ?
     zhao.1i: "to get up&et, to get excited with worry, to feel anxious”
     Nǐ tāi zhaoji. Women zhěr	You’re too anxious/vorried. We
    měiyou shěnme went!.	donH have any problems here,
     kan: ”to look after (something)" The verb kan Mto look, to see11 changes tones when it means ,?to look after something.11
     Nǐ qu Xiānggangde shihou, shěi Who111 be looking after your house gěi ni kan fangzi?	when you go to Hong Kong?
    Shěi gei ni kān hdizi?	Who looks after the children (OR
                                          babysits) for you?
     -zhe: This is the marker of DURATION. It may "be added to an action or process verb to indicate that the action lasts for some amount of time. In the sentence Wo zai zhěr kanzhe ta "I’ll stay here and look after him,n the speaker is saying that he will do this and CONTINUE it for some time. -Zhe can be used whether the time is past, present or future.
     Tā zai něibiān zuozhe, Xiao	She was sitting there when XiSo
    Lan paojinlai gāosu ta	Lan ran in and told her papa
   baba hullai le.	had returned.
Tā hai bingzhe ne.	Hefs still sick. (The -zhe tells
                                          you that the illness is lasting for some time. Without -zhe， bing means ,fget sick,11 not nbe sick.
                                          Ne tells you this is not a new situation [absence of change].)
  Zuozhe ba.	Sit for a while.
     DIALOGUE FOR PART 工I
A passerby (B) on a street in Běijīng is called by the driver of a motorcycle (A) who has just had an accident vith a pedestrian (C).
A: Wěi, lai "bāngbang mang!	Hey, someone quick come help us!
B: Zěnme le?	What happened?
A: Zhěiwěi tongzhi běi wo zhuāng le. This comrade was hit by me.
B: Běi nī zhuāng le? Zhěiliang	Hit by you? Is this your motor-
    motuochē shi nǐde?	cycle?
A: Hāi, biě shuo le. Wo qide tai (Sigh) Don’t even talk about it.
kuai, měi kānjian ta.	I was riding too fast, I didn't
                                            see him.
C: Aiyo, wode ma yo . • • Aiyo!	Ov，my mother° • • • Ov! It hurts
Těngsǐ wo le. • • • Wode tuǐ	like crazy. ... my leg . • •
B: Liule zhěme duo xuě, zhēn	He1s lost so much blood. This is
      zaogǎo! Xianzai zěnme ban ne? terrible. What should ve do now? Women xiān "bǎ ta tai dao lu-	First, let1 s carry him to the side
    biānrshang qu ba!	of the road,
C: Ao, wode tui dongbuliǎo, dāgāi Oh, I can't move my leg. It’s gutou duan le.	probably broken.
A: Wǒ xiǎng zuīhao xiān bū yao	I think it vould be best not to
dong ta, w5 zai zhěr, nǐ qu	move him for the time being. 1*11
      da dianhua jiao liang jiuhūche	stay here. You call for an ambu-
lai， zai da ge dianhua jiao	lance, and then call for the police
   Jlngcha lāi.	to come.
He’s not calling for his mother; this is a moan.
B: Hao, nī zai zhěr kānzhe ta. Wo	Okay， you stay here and watch him.
mashang jiu qu. (to C):	I'll go right avay. (to C): Donft
       Něivei tongzhi ni biě zhao j x •	get upset, comrade. The anibulance
      Dāle dianhua jiūhuchē mashing	will be here right after I call, jiu dāo.
A: Nin • . . nin kuāi qu ba! Xiěxie	You . • . you go quickly! Thank you. nin le!
      PART III REFERENCE LIST
2h. Ni měi kānj ian zhěige paizi	Didn't you see this sign? ma?
25.	Wo měi zhuyi.	I wasn't paying attention.
26.	Yǐhou ni yao xiaoxīn.	From now on you must be careful.
27.	Ntmen bū kěyi zai zhěli	You can't swim here.
      youyong.
28.	Nimen zai zhěli youyong you	It's dangerous for you to swim
  věixian.	here.
29.	Wǒ bu shi guyi jinlaide.	I didn't enter here 「the restricted
                                           area」 on purpone.
30.	Rang vo kankan nide huzhao.	Let me see your passport.
31 # Zhěli shi t]ūnshi diqū.	This is a military area here.
32, Zhanzhu!	Halt!
      REFERENCE NOTES ON PART III
      paizi: "sign, poster, plate,"	also a "brand name， trademark"
     Ni maide shi shěnme paizide	V/hat brand of camera did you buy? zhāoxiangji?
     Něige hong pāizishang xiede	What iz written on that red
  shi shěnme?	sign?
      zhuyi : Mto pay attention to, to	take notice ofī?
     Wo měi zhuyi tā shi gēr* shěi	I didn’t notice who he le ft with, zoude.
Zhuyi dianr!	F^lease pay a more attention!
bu kěyi: "cannot" Of the three	auxiliary verbs nen^，hui and keyi.
kěyi is the one to use when the "can”	or "cannot" is due to someone granting or withholding permission.
     youySng: ”to svim”
    Ni hui bu hui youyong?	Can you swim?
    Wo yoxaySng youde bū tāi hao.	I don't swim too veil.
     věixian: "to be dangerous, to be perilousM Also pronounced weixiǎn.
    Zai Taiběi qi mStuoche tāi	Itfs too dangerous to ride a motorcyle
  weixiǎn le.	in Taipei.
     Tā bu pā věixian, tā shěnme dou Hefs not afraid of danger. Hef11 yao zuo.	do anything.
     guyi: "intentionally, willfully, on purpose"
     Tā guyi ba něixie shū diū le.	She lost those books on purpose.
     Duībuqǐ, wo bu shi guyx (zuo)de. I'm sorry, ī didn1t do it on
                                           purpose.
     rang: "to let，to allow, to cause (someone to do something) Z1 This is a prepositional verb, i.e. rang and its object both precede the main verb.
   Tā bū rang wo zou.	She won’t let me leave.
    Nǐ zěnme kěyi rang tā zěnme	Hov could you make her so unhappy!
     bu gāoxing?
     FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PAET III
A Canadian man (M) has just entered an area in Běijīng prohibited to foreigners, having failed to notice a sign in English to that effect. A policewoman (F) calls out to him.
F: Hai! Zhanzhu!	Hey! Halt!
M: Shěnme shīr?	What1s the matter?
F: Nǐ měi kānjian zhěige paizi ma? Didn1t you see this sign?
M: Ou, duibuqǐ. Wo měi zhuyi.	Oh, excuse me. I wasn't paying
    Wo bu shi guyi jinlaide.	attention. I didnft enter here
                                           intentionally.
F: Ni shi naiguo rěn na?	What•s your nationality?
M: Wo shi Jiānada rěn.	Vm Canadian.
F: Rang wo kankan nide huzhao.	Let me see your passport.
M: Mm.	Mm.
(The policewoman writes down his name and passport number.)
F: Yihou zhuyi dianr. Biě zai	From now on pay more attention.
    zoucuo le.	Don't walk into the wrong place
                                             again.
M: Wo zhi dao le.	Now I know.
     NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE
     zhīdao le: ’’now I know,” or ”1 understand” This is the marker le for new situations.
     SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART III
An American woman and her two children are swimming along the beach in Taiwan. A soldier calls to them.
M: 6i! Shānglai! Nimen shanglai.	Hey! Come up! Come up here.
F: You shěnme shi a?	What's the matter?
M: Nimen bū kěyi zai zhěli	You can’t swim here, youyong.
F: Weishěnme?	Why?
M: Nǐ měi kāndao něige paizi ma?	Didn't you see that sign?
F: Kandao le, buguo • . .	Yes, "but . . •
M: Paizi shang shu5 shěnme?	What does it say on the sign?
F: Duituqi, wS bū hui kan	Ifm sorry, I can't read Chinese. Shōngwěn.
M: Zhěli shi jūnshi diqǔ. Bu kěyi	This is a military area here. You
      yoooySng. Nimen zai zhěli	can't swim. It1 s dangerous for
yoiayǒng you weixiǎn. Xiaci	you to swim here. In the future
bu yao zai lai le.	you shouldn't come here any more.
F: Hao. Xiěxie ni.	Very well. Thank you.
      NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE
     xiaci bū yao zai lai le: nin the future don,七 come here again (any moreM In addition to meaning ,，next time,” xiaci can mean generally "in the future.”
                                Unit 6，	Vocabulary
bang mSng	to help, to aid, to assist
běi	by (indicates the one vho carries
                                          out the action in a passive sentence)
-buliao	unable to ••• (verb ending)
dS dianhua	to make a phone call, to telephone
dianhua	telephone, telephone call
diqū	area， region
diū	to lose
dong	to move
dongbuliǎo	unable to move
duan	to sever, to break
fānyi	to interpret, to translate
faxian	to discover
Gong1anju	Bureau of Public Security (PRC)
gūtou	bone
guyi	intentionally, willfully, on purpose
jiashi	driver, pilot; to drive, to pilot
jiashi zhlzhao	driver's license
jJngcha	policeman
jǐngchajū	police station
Jiuhūche	ambulance
jūnshi	military
kan	to look after, to watch over
-liang	(counter for vehicles)
līng	to collect, to pick up (something
                                           which is issued)
liti xuě (xiě, xuě)	to bleed
lubiān(r)	side of the road
mashang	immediately
mStuōchē (mStuochē)	motorcycle
paizi	sign, poster, plate; "brand name,
                                          trade mark
ql	to ride by straddling
rang	to let, to allov, to cause someone
                                          to do something
shěi	someone
shiqing	matter, affair, business, thing
-sǐle	like crazy, to death (state verb
                                            ending)
tai	to carry (by two or more people)
těngsi le	to hurt like crazy, to hurt to
                                           death (figuratively) tuǐ	leg
wāishx	foreign affairs
wāiguo	foreign country
věixian (weixiǎn)	to be dangerous, to be perilous,
                                           danger
yāoburān	otherwise, or else
y6uyǒng	to swim
zāogāo	oh no! how awful! how terrible!
                                          what a mess!; to be awful zhāoji	to get upset, to be anxious, to
                                          be worried
zhao xiang	to take a picture
-zhe	marker of duration for actions and
                                            states
zhuāng	to bump into, to run into, to
                                          collide vith
zhuyi (zhuyi)	to pay attention, to take notice
                            Appendix 1: Parts of the Body*
abdomen	fu(bū)
ankle	jiaowanzi
appendix	lānwěi
arm	ge"bei, gebo, shSubi
back	běi
blood	xiě, xuě, xuě
blood vessel	xuěguǎn(r)
bone	gutou, gutou
brain	nSo(zi)
breast	rufang， nai， rǔ
buttocks	pigǔ
cheek	mianjia, sai
chest	xiSngbu， xiSngtang
chin	xiaba
ear	ěrduo
elbov	gēbeizhSu(r)
eye	yanjing
eyeball	yanzhūzi (colloquial), yanqiu
eyebrow	měimao
face	lian
finger	shouzhitou, shǒuzhitou
fingernail	zhijia, zhijia
foot	jiao
gums	ySchuang
hand	shSu
head	tou
heart	xīnzang
heel	Jiaogēn
intestines	changzi
joint	guānjiě
kidney	shěn(zang)
knee	qīgai, xīgai
leg	tuǐ
lip	zuǐchun
liver	gānzang
lung	fěi
       WLF, Appendices
mouth	zui, kSu
muscle	jxrou
neck	bozi
nerve	shěnjing
nose	bfzi
rib	lěigu, lěgǔ
shoulder	jiānbǎng
skin	pifu
spine	j£lianggǔ
stomach	wěi; duzi (belly)
tendon	jian，J īn (colloquial)
thigh	datuī
throat	houlong
thumb	mǔzhl
toe	jiaozhitou, JiSozhJ
tongue	shětou
tonsils	biantāoxiān
tooth	ya, yachJ
wrist	wānzi
     *Parts of the body may have several t^rms which differ as to (1) what areas of China they are used in, (2) the degree of formality, and (3) the contexts in which they are used. Here are examples of each kind of difference: (1) "arm” is gēbei in the speech of Běijīng» ~but shSubi in some other parts of the country; (2) ’’armpitis gēzhivo in colloquial Běijīng speech but yěv5 in formal speech; (3) for "stomach/, the medical term is věi; colloquially, it may "be called věi or dūzi; and as a food (e.g. pig's stomach) it is called duzi.
     For this list, words were chosen which you could, for example, use to tell a physician where you have a medical problem. Words vhich are either very informal or technical have "been omitted.
     It is interesting and important to realize that the Chinese and English languages sometiines differ on how they divide the human "body into parts. The hip, for example, is a well-known ’’part of the body" in English, but the Chinese language has no commonly used word which includes all and only what we call the f,hip.fl Rather, Chinese has a word for ,’buttocks’’ (formally, tunbu, or in spoken style, pigu) which includes the "buttocks and hips below the hipbone.
     Another example are the Chinese vords xiōngkou and xīnkSu, which refer to the center of the chest just below the breastbone, between the lower ribs• (One often feels indigestion there， for instance.) If English has a word for this part of the body, it is not nearly as common as these rVii	s .
Appendix 2: Medical Conditionsa Problems, and Illnesses
abcess	n6ngzhǒng
allergic to...	dui•.•guomin
allergy	guomǐnzhěng
appendicitis	lanwěiyān
arthritis	guanjiěyan
asthma	qichuanbing
cholera	huoluan
cold	ganmao， shāngfěng, zhaoliāng
cramp	choujīn
diabetes	tāngniāobing
flu	lilixfngxing ganmao, liugan
food poisoning	shfvu zhongdu
fungus	měi
hemorrhoids	zhichuāng
hepatit i s	ganyan
hernia	shan
indigestion	xiāohuā bū liang
inflamed	fāyān
inflammation	yanzhěng
measles	mazhen
nervous tension	shěnjing jǐnzhāng
pneumonia	fěiyan
rheumatism	fēngshi
stroke	zhongfěng
sunburn	shāi tuo pi le (skin peeling)
                                    shāihong le (red)
                                    Jiao taiyang shāide
sunstroke	zhongshǔ
tonsillitis	biSntaoxiānyān
ulcer (gastric)	věikuiyang
Appendix 3： Furniture and Household Items
bīngxiang	refrigerator
chāzuo	(electrical) outlet
chōushuǐ matǒng	flush toilet
chouti	drawer
chuāng	bed
chuanglian	curtain
děng	.light, lamp
děngzi	stool
diandeng kāiguān	light switch
dianhua	telephone
dianlūzi	electric stove; electric heater
dianshan	electric fan	'
ditan	carpet， rug
guīzi	cabinet
hōnggānjī	dryer
jingzi	mirror
lājx; lěsě (Taiwan)	garbage
lājītǒng; lěsětSng (Taiwan)	garbage pail
lājīxiang; lěsexiāng (Taivan)	garbage can
lěngqijī	air conditioner
lūzi	stove
saozhou, saobǎ	broom
shafā	sofa
shuichizi	kitchen sink
shullongtou	faucet， tap
shǔjiazi	bookshelf
tuoba	mop
xīchěnqi	vacuum cleaner
xiězitai	desk
xilianpěn	(bathroom) sink, washstand
xǐyījī	washing machine
xǐzaopěn	bathtub
yǐzi	chair
yundou	iron
zhuozi	table
zizhilou	wastepaner basket
                         Appendix k: Parts of a House
■bichū	closet
cěsuo	toilet
cěng	floor, story
chuānghu	window
chufang	kitchen
di	floor
dibǎn	wooden floor
dixiashi	basement
fangdǐng	room
fāngjiān	room
fanting	dining room
kětīng	living room
louti	stairs
men	door
qiang	wall
shūfang	study， library
tiānhuǎban	ceiling
wěishengjiān	toilet, bathroom
wofang	bedroom
voshī	bedroom
wuzi	room
xǐzǎofang	bathroom
zoulāng	corridor, hall
 Module Vocabulary
Ayi	auntie	WLF h
āiyo	ouch	WLF 5
anmo	massage	WLF 3
āsīpǐlln	aspirin	WLF 5
bang mang	to help, to aid, to assist	WLF 6
bao	to be thin; to be light (of clothing)	WLF 2
bāo	to hold, to embrace	WLF k
běi	by (indicates the one who carries
                           out the action in a passive
sentence)	WLF 6
-buliao	(verb ending) unable to...	WLF 6
bu yao	don't	WLF 3
cā	to rub, to wipe	WLF 3
cha	tea	WLF h
chāng	to be long	WLF 2
chang	often	WLF 1
chāngchang	often	WLF 1
chaoshī	to be humid	WLF 1
chěng	city, tovn	WLF 1
chěnshān	shirt, blouse	WLF 2
chī	to take (medicine)	WLF 5
chī fan	to eat	WLF k
chicun (chǐcun)	measurement; size	WLF 2
chuan	to put on (clothing)	WLF 2
chufang	kitchen	WLF U
chui běi	to pound (someonef s) back	WLF 3
chuīgān	to blow-dry	WLF 3
chuntiān (chūntian)	spring	WLF 1
dabiān	bowel movement	WLF 5
dabian bu tong	to be constipated	WLF 5
da dianhua	to make a phone call, to telephone	WLF 6
dai	to put on, to wear (glasses, gloves,
a hat, a watch, jewelry， etc)	WLF 2
dai	to bring, to take with one	WLF h
dai	to lead, to take	WLF k
daifu	doctor	WLF 5
dakai	to open	WLF k
dayī	overcoat	WLF 2
di	to be low	WLF 5
dianhua	telephone, telephone call	WLF 6
-dǐng	(counter for hats)	WLF 2
diqū	area, region	WLF 6
diu	to lose	WLF 6
dong	to moire	WLF 6
dongbuliǎo	unable to move	WLF 6
dōngtian (dSngtian)	winter	WFL 1
-du	degree	WLF 5
duǎn	to "be short	WLF 1
duāji	to sever, to break	WLF 6
duzi	belly, abdomen	WLF 5
fāngj ian	room	WLF k
fāntīng	dining room	WLF h
fānyi	to interpret, to translate	WLF 6
fashao	to have a* fever	WLF 5
fāxiān	to discover	WLF 6
fēn	one tenth of a Chinese inch (cun)	WLF 3
feng	wind	WLF 1
fengjIng	scenery	WLF 1
fujln (fǔjin)	area, neighborhood	WLF 1
funu	women	WLF k
ftxzhuangdiān	clothing store	WLF 2
gānbufū	cadre suit	WLF 2
gānjing	to be clean	WLF 3
gSnmao	to catch cold; a cold	WLF 5
gSo	to do, to engage in	WLF U
g5o wěisheng	to do cleaning	WLF U
Gong1anjū	Bureau of Public Security (PRC)	WLF 6
gongyu	apartment building; apartment	WLF h
gongyulou	apartment building	WLF k
gou	to be enough	WLF 2
guā	to blow (of wind，typhoons, etc,)	WLF 1
guā	to scrape	WLF 3
guā huzi	to shave (the face)	WLF 3
gūtou (gutou)	bone	WLF 6
guyi	intentionally, willfully, on purpose	WLF 1
hSibian(r)	seashore	WLF 1
han	and (Taiwan pronunciation)	WLF 2
haoxiang	to seem (to be), to appear that	WLF U
he	to drink	WLF k
he	river	WLF 1
he	and	WLF 2
hěshi	to fit; to be suitable	WLF 2
hou	to be think; to be heavy (of clothing)	WLF 2
houlong (houlong)	throat	WLF 5
hu	lake	WLF 1
huai	to be bad; to go bad, to break	WLF 2
huanjing	environment	WLF 1
huzi	beard OR mustache	WLF 3
jiSkě(r)/jiHkě(r)	jacket (cut above waist)	WLF 2
jiǎn	to cut (with scissors)	WLF 3
(counter for articles of clothing)	WLF 2
Jia。	to ask/tell (someone to do something)	WLF k
     WLF， Cumulative Vocabulary
Jiashx	driver，pi lot; to drive，to pilot	WLF C
iashT zhi/.hao	driver’s 1 iconic	WTF C
jTn^cha	policeman	WLF 6
jin^chajd	police station	WLF C
Jiuhuche	ambulance	WLF C
JuSn	to curl，to roll up; a roll (of r>omethinrJ , Wǐ.F 3
                           a reel (of tape)
Juede	to feel	WLF 1
Jūnshi	military	WLF C
kāi dāo	to operate; to be operated on	WLF >
kaishl	to begin, to start	WLF 1
kāi yāofānr：	to write a prescription	WLF 5
kaishuT	boiled water	WLF 5
kān	to look after, to watch over	WLF 6
kan	to have (a medical problem) treated	WLF ^
kan bin^	to see a doctor; to see a patient	WLF 5
kěsou	to coup;h	WLF >
kětīng	living room	WLF U
kongqi (kongqi)	air	WLF 1
kongqi vūran	air pollution	WLF 1
koudai	pocket	WLF h
kuzi (yitiao)	pants	WLF 2
lā duzi	to have diarrhea	WLF 5
leng	to be cold	WLF 1
lian	face	WLF it
liang	to measure	WLF 2t WLF 5
-liang	(counter for vehicles)	WLF 6
liǎngbiān	both sides, two sides	WLF 3
liangkuai	to be cool	WLF 1
liann tiwēn	to take a person1 s temperature	V/LF >
liaozi	material, fabric	V/LF 2
lihai	to severe, to be fierce	WLF 5
likai	to leave	WLF 1
ling	to collect, to pick up (something
vhich is issued)	WLF 6
liu	to remain, to stay; to keep, to save;
to grow, to let grow; to leave	WLF 3
liu huzi	to grow a beard or mustache	WLF 3
liuxingxing ganmao	influenza, flu	WLF 5
liu xuě (xiě, xuě)	to bleed	WLF 6
lubiān(r)	side of the road	WLF 6
Iuyīndai	recording tape	WLF h
luyīnjI	tape recorder	WLF ^
mafan	trouble, bother	WLF U
mǎlu	street， avenue	WLF U
maoyī	sweater	WLF 2
maozi (yiding)	hat	WLF 2
mashang	immediately	WLF C
měi shi (le)	everything is all right (now); there1s
no (further) business	WLF h
     WLF, Cumulative Vocabulary	、
měi věnti	there1 s no problem	WLF 3
miān'ao	(Chinese-style) cotton-padded jacket	WLF 2
motuōche (mStuōchē)	motorcycle	WLF 6
na	then, in that case	WLF 2
něikē	internal medicine, general medicine;
department of internal medicine	WLF 5
něikē yīshēng	internist, physician	WLF 5
něiku	underpants	WLF 2
něiyī	underwear (undershirts， undershorts， briefs，
                           slips, bras, etc.); just undershirt (vhen
used in contrast to něikū, underpants)	WLF 2
nilong	nylon	WLF 2
niunai	(cow's) milk	WLF U
nong (long, něng)	to do, to handle, to manage, to make	WLF 3
nong gānjing	to clean something up	WLF 3
nuanhuo	to be warm	WLF 1
paizi	sign, poster, plate; brand name,
trade mark	WLF 6
pingchang	usually, generally, ordinarily	WLF 4
pixie	leather shoes	WLF 2
po	to be worn out; to break, to tear	WLF 2
qi	to ride "by straddling	WLF 6
qihou (qihou)	climate	WLF 1
qin	to be clear	WLF 1
qīngjing	to be quiet	WLF 1
qipao	close-fitting woman1s dress vith high
neck and slit skirt; cheongsam	WLF 2
qiūtiān (qiǔtian)	f»ll, autumn	WLF 1
qu	to go	WLF 2
qunzi	skirt	WLF 2
rang	to let, to allow, to cause something
to do something	WLF 6
re	to be hot	WLF 1
rěnkSu	population	WLF 1
sēnlin	forest	WLF 1
shān	mountain	WLF 1
shangyī	upper outer garment	WLF 5
shāo	to heat, to cook; to burn	WLF k
shao	to be few; seldom	WLF 1
shāohao le	to have heated up; to have finished	WLF k
                           cooking
shěi	someone	WLF 6
shēng bing	to get sick, to become ill	WLF 5
shēnbāo	to declare, to report	WLF k
shenbaodān	customs declaration	WLF h
shěnmeyāng	like what; what kind	WLF 2
shēnshang	on one1s body	WLF 2
shi	to try	WLF 3
     WLF，Cumulative Vocabulary
shi (yi) shi	to give (something) a try	WLF 3
shiqing	matter, affair, business, thing	WLF 6
shoushi	to tidy up	WLF k
shSushi	Jewelry	WLF U
shuā	to brush	WLF h
-shuāng	pair	WLF 2
shuā ya	to brush one's teeth	WLF h
shūbāo	book bag, tote bag, carryall	WLF 2
shūfang	library	WLF b
shūfu	to be comfortable	WLF 3
shu?	water	WLF h
shui jiao	to sleep	WLF h
shui wujiao	to take a noontime nap	WLF k
shuiyī (yitao)	pajamas; nightgown	WLF 2
shushu	uncle	WLF h
shǔ tou	to brush or comb hair	WLF 3
tai	to carry (by two or more people)	WLF 6
taifēng	typhoon	WLF 1
tang	to lie, to recline	WLF 5
tang	to get a permanent	WLF 3
-tao	(counter for suits, sets of things)	WLF 2
těng (tong)	to hurt， to ache	WLF 5
těngs? le	to hurt like crazy, to hurt to
death (figuratively)	WLF 6
tiān	sky; heaven; day	WLF 1
tiānqi (tiānqi)	weather	WLF 1
-tiao	(counter for pairs of pants)	WLF 2
tingshuo	to hear that, to hear it said;
I hear that, I understand that	WLF 1
tīwen	(body) temperature	WLF 5
tou	head; head of hair	WLF 2、 WLF 5
toufa	hair	WLF 3
tou těng	to have a headache; headache	WLF 5
tu	to vomit, to spit up	WLF 5
tu?	leg	WLF 6
tuoxiě	slippers	WLF 2
vaiguo	foreign country	WLF 6
vaikē	surgical department	WLF 5
vaikē yīshēng	surgeon	WLF 5
vaishī	foreign affairs	WLF 6
vaishi Jingcha	foreign affairs policeman	WLF 6
vāitao	coat, jacket (that extends below the waist) WLF 2
vang	to forget	WLF 2
vazi	socks	WLF 2
věi	stomach	WLF 5
věibing	stomach trouble, gastric disease	WLF 5
wěixiSn (věixian)	to be dangerous, to be perilous;
danger	WLF 6
vēndu	temperature	WLF 5
věnti	question, problem	WLF 3
vofang	bedroom	WLF h
     WLF, Cumulative Vocabulary
woshi	bedroom	WLF )丨
wūrǎn	pollution	WLF 1
wūr.i	room	WLF ^
xǐ	to wash	WLF 3
xiang	to miss, to think of	WLF 1
xiāngxia (xiāngxia)	in the country, the countryside	WLF 1
xiangzi	suitcase	WLF h
xiaoběnzi	notebook	WLF h
xiaobian	to urinate; urination	WLF 5
xiaoxīn	to be careful	WLF k
xiātian (xiatian)	summer	WLF 1
xia xuě	to snow	WLF 1
xia yu	to rain	WLF 1
xiě	shoe	WLF ?
xiě duzi	to have diarrhea	WLF 5
xǐnc	to wake up	WLF h
xīnxiān (xīnxian)	to be fresh	WLF 1
xǐ tou	to shampoo, to get a shampoo	WLF 3
xi zǎo	to take a bath	WLF 厶
xizǎofang	bathroom	WLF h
xīzhuāng	Western-style clothes; Western-style suit WLF 2
xuěyā	blood pressure	WLF 5
xuěyā di	low "blood pressure	WLF 5
xuěyā gāo	high "blood pressure	WLF 5
xūyao	to need, to require	WLF 2
ya	tooth, teeth	WLF h
yāgāo	toothpaste	WLF h
yangzi	appearance; shape， form; style, design;
pattern	WLF 2
yanjing(r)	glasses (spectacles)	WLF h
yao	should; must; it is necessary, to need to WLF 2
yao	medicine	WLF 5
yāoburān	otherwise, or else	WLF 6
yaofāng	prescription	WLF 5
yiding	certainly, surely, for sure, definitely	WLF 3
yīfu	clothes	WLF 2
yīshēng	doctor	WLF 5
yīyuan	hospital	WLF 5
yong	to use	WLF 2
you	oil, grease	WLF 3
you(de) shihou	sometixnes	WLF 1
you shi	to "be occupied, to be busy	WLF 3
you (yi)dian	a little bit， somewhat	WLF 3
y6uy5ng	to svim	WLF 6
yubei	to prepare, to get ready	WLF h
yubeihao le	to have prepared	WLF h
yūn	to be dizzy	WLF 5
yuxiě	rainshoes; rubbers, galoshes	WLF 2
yuyi	raincoat	WLF 2
yuyuě	to make an appointment (PRC)	WLF 3
      WLF, Cumulative Vocabulary
zāogāo	oh no! how awful! hov terrible!
what a mess!; to \>e awful	WLF 6
zhao according to	WLF 2 zhaoJī to get upset, to be anxkous, to
be worried	WLF 6
zhao xiang to take a photograph	WLF 6
zhaoxiāngjī camera	WLF U -zhe (marker of duration for actions and
states)	WLF 6
zhenjiū (zhēnjiǔ) acupuncture and moxibustion	WLF 5
zhīpiao check (as in personal check)	WLF k
zhxpiaoběn checkbook	WLF h
-zhong kind, sort	WLF 2 zhuāng to bump into, to run into, to
collide with	WLF 6
zhuyi (zhuyi) to pay attention to	WLF 5
zijǐ self, oneself (myself, yourself, etc.)	WLF 2
zuchuqu to rent out	WLF U
zui most, -est	WLF 1
zuo to make; to have made	WLF 2
zuo fan to cook	WLF k zuo toufa to do one1s hair, to have onefs hair done WLF 3
zuSyou approximately, about	WLF 1