صفحهٔ اصلی گشت‌و‌گذار راهنما
ورود
Demipuppet
/
FSI-Chinese-text
1
0
انشعاب 0
پرونده‌ها مشکلات 0 درخواست واکشی 0 ویکی
شاخه: master
شاخه‌ها تگ‌ها
FSI-Chinese-...
/
FSI Chinese result
/
Mod 1 Textbook
/
0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText.htm

0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText.htm 430 KB
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  4. <head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/><meta name="generator" content="ABBYY FineReader 11"/><meta name="author" content="Foreign Service Institute"/><meta name="description" content="Standard Chinese"/><title>FSI - Standard Chinese - Module 01 ORN - Student Text</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText_files/0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText.css" type="text/css"/>
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    7. 

  7. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 12pt 39pt 0pt;"><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">CM 0180 S</span></p>
    8. 

  8. <p style="text-align:center;padding:39pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><a name="bookmark0"></a><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">STANDARD CHINESE</span></p>
    9. 

  9. <p style="text-align:center;padding:12pt 0pt 222pt 18pt;"><a name="bookmark1"></a><span class="font10">A MODULAR APPROACH</span></p>
    10. 

  10. <p style="text-align:center;padding:222pt 0pt 27pt 18pt;"><a name="bookmark2"></a><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">STUDENT TEXT</span></p>
    11. 

  11. <p style="padding:27pt 12pt 138pt 0pt;"><a name="bookmark3"></a><span class="font5">MODULE 1: ORIENTATION MODULE 2: BIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION</span></p>
    12. 

  12. <p style="text-align:center;padding:138pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font3">SPONSORED BY AGENCIES OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN GOVERNMENTS</span></p>
    13. 

  13. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 1pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;">This publication is to be used primarily in support of instructing military personnel as part of the Defense Language Program (resident and nonresident). Inquiries concerning the use of materials, including requests for copies, should be addressed to:</span></p>
    14. 

  14. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;">Defense Language Institute</span></p>
    15. 

  15. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;">Foreign Language Center</span></p>
    16. 

  16. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;">Nonresident Training Division</span></p>
    17. 

  17. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 25pt;"><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;">Presidio of Monterey, CA 93944-5006</span></p>
    18. 

  18. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 1pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;">Topics in the areas of politics, international relations, mores, etc., which may be considered as controversial from some points of view, are sometimes included in the language instruction for DLIFLC students since military personnel may find themselves in positions where a clear understanding of conversations or written materials of this nature will be essential to their mission. The presence of controversial statements-whether real òr apparent-in DLIFLC materials should not be construed as representing the opinions of the writers, the DLIFLC, or the Department of Defense.</span></p>
    19. 

  19. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 1pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;">Actual brand names and businesses are sometimes cited in DLIFLC instructional materials to provide instruction in pronunciations and meanings. The selection of such proprietary terms and names is based solely on their value for instruction in the language. It does not constitute endorsement of any product or commercial enterprise, nor is it intended to invite a comparison with other brand names and businesses not mentioned.</span></p>
    20. 

  20. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 1pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;">In DLIFLC publications, the words </span><span class="font3" style="font-style:italic;">he, him,</span><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"> and/or </span><span class="font3" style="font-style:italic;">his</span><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"> denote both masculine and feminine genders. This statement does not apply to translations of foreign language texts.</span></p>
    21. 

  21. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 1pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;">The DLIFLC may not have full rights to the materials it produces. Purchase by the customer does net constitute authorization for reproduction, resale, or showing for profit. Generally, products distributed by the DLIFLC may be used in any not-for-profit setting without prior approval from the DLIFLC.</span></p>
    22. 

  22. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 193pt;"><a name="bookmark4"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">PREFACE</span></p>
    23. 

  23. <p style="text-indent:28pt;padding:24pt 10pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach originated in an interagency conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1973 to address the need generally felt in the U«S. Government language training community for improving and updating Chinese materials, to reflect current usage in Beijing and Taipei•</span></p>
    24. 

  24. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:28pt;padding:9pt 53pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible enough in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide range of government agencies and academic institutions.</span></p>
    25. 

  25. <p style="text-indent:28pt;padding:9pt 10pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense Language Institute, the State Department<sup>f</sup>s Foreign Service Institute, the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency, and the U.S. Office of Education, later joined &quot;by the Canadian Forces Foreign Language School. The representatives have included Arthur T. McNeill, John Hopkins» and John Boag (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder III, Joseph C. Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major Bernard Muller-Thym (DLI); James R. Frith and John B. Ratliff III (FSI);</span></p>
    26. 

  26. <p style="padding:0pt 64pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Kazuo Shitaaia (NSA); Richard T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant Colonel George Kozoriz (CFFLS).</span></p>
    27. 

  27. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:28pt;padding:9pt 30pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 197^ in space provided at the Foreign Service Institute. Each of the six U.S. and CaQadian government agencies provided funds and other assistance.</span></p>
    28. 

  28. <p style="text-indent:28pt;padding:9pt 10pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning council was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense Language Institute, Patricia 0*Connor of the University of Texas, Earl M. Rickerson of the Language Learning Center, and James Wrenn of Brown University. In the fall of 1977* Lucille A. Barale vas appointed deputy project coordinator• David W. Dellinger of the Language Learning Center and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign Service Institute also served on the planning council and contributed material to the project. The planning council drew up the original overall design for the materials and met regularly to review their development•</span></p>
    29. 

  29. <p style="text-indent:28pt;padding:9pt 10pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Writers for the first half of the materials vere John H. </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">T.</span><span class="font19"> Harvey, Lucille A. Barale, and rioberta S. Barry, who worked in close cooperation with the planning council and with the Chinese staff of the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the instructional formats of the comprehension and production self-study materials </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"><sub>9</span><span class="font19"></sub> and also designed the communica-tìon-'based classroom activities and wrote the teacherguides. Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry wrote the tape scripts and the student text.</span></p>
    30. 

  30. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 30pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">By 19</span><span class="font26">了</span><span class="font19">8 Thomas E. Madden and Susan C. Pola had joined the staff. Led by Ms. Barale</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19"> they have worked as a team to produce the materials subsequent to ^fodule 6.</span></p>
    31. 

  31. <p style="text-indent:29pt;padding:0pt 11pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">All Chinese language material was prepared or selected by Chuan 0. Chao, Ying-chi Chen, Hsiao-Jung Chi, Eva Diao, Jan Hu, Tsung-mi Li, and Yunhui C. Yang, assisted for part of the time by Chieh-fang Ou Lee, Ying-ming Chen, and Joseph Yu Hsu Wang. Anna Affholder, Mei-li Chen, and Henry Khuo helped in the preparation of a preliminary corpus of dialogues.</span></p>
    32. 

  32. <p style="text-indent:29pt;padding:9pt 31pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Vincent Basciano, Lisa A. Bovden, Jill W. ELlis，Donna Fong, Renee T. C. l^iang,</span></p>
    33. 

  33. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 15pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Thomas E. Madden, Susan C. Pola, and Kathleen Strype.</span></p>
    34. 

  34. <p style="text-indent:29pt;padding:15pt 11pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">The production of tape recordings vas directed by Jose M. Ramirez of the Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script vas voiced *by Ms. Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr. Chen, Ms. Diao, Ms. Hu, Mr. Khuo, Mr. Li, and Ms. Yang. The English script was read </span><span class="font26">切</span><span class="font19"> Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry,</span></p>
    35. 

  35. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, Ms. Pola, and Ms. Strype.</span></p>
    36. 

  36. <p style="text-indent:29pt;padding:9pt 31pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph A. Sadote, Chief of Audio-Visual.</span></p>
    37. 

  37. <p style="text-indent:29pt;padding:9pt 31pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Standard Chinese: A Modular </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Approach</span><span class="font19"> vas field-tested with the cooperation of Brown University; the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center; the Foreign Service Institute; the Language Learning Center; the United States Air Force Academy; the University of Illinois; and the University of Virginia.</span></p>
    38. 

  38. <p style="text-indent:29pt;padding:9pt 31pt 30pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Colonel Samuel L. Stapleton and Colonel Thomas G. Foster, Commandants of the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center, authorized the DLIFLC support necessary for preparation of this edition of the course materials. This support included coordination, graphic arts, editing, typing, proofreading, printing, and materials necessary to carry out these tasks.</span></p><img src="0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText_files/0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText-1.png" style="width:245pt;height:80pt;"/>
    39. 

  39. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 60pt 10pt;"><a name="bookmark5"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">CONTENTS</span></p>
    40. 

  40. <p style="padding:60pt 0pt 3pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Introduction</span></p>
    41. 

  41. <p style="text-align:right;padding:3pt 3pt 3pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark6">Section I: About the Course...................1</a></span></p>
    42. 

  42. <p style="text-align:right;padding:3pt 3pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark7">Section II: Background Notes...................8</a></span></p>
    43. 

  43. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">MODULE 1: ORIENTATION</span></p>
    44. 

  44. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Objectives........................ . . . . 16</span></p>
    45. 

  45. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark8">List of Tapes...........................17</a></span></p>
    46. 

  46. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark9">Target Lists ........................... 18</a></span></p>
    47. 

  47. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">UNIT 1</span></p>
    48. 

  48. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark10">Introduction.........................22</a></span></p>
    49. 

  49. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark11">Reference List........ • • • .............26</a></span></p>
    50. 

  50. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark12">Vocabulary..........................27</a></span></p>
    51. 

  51. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Reference Notes...................* .... 28</span></p>
    52. 

  52. <p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:0pt 3pt 3pt 48pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark13">Full names and surnames Titles and terms of address Drills............................32</a></span></p>
    53. 

  53. <p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">UNIT 2</span></p>
    54. 

  54. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark14">Introduction ......................... 3U</a></span></p>
    55. 

  55. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark15">Reference List........................35</a></span></p>
    56. 

  56. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark16">Vocabulary..........................</span><span class="font13">36</span></a></p>
    57. 

  57. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark17">Reference Notes ........................ 37</a></span></p>
    58. 

  58. <p style="padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 72pt;"><span class="font19">Given names Yes/no questions Negative statements Greetings</span></p>
    59. 

  59. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 3pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Drills.......................</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">. .... kl</span></p>
    60. 

  60. <p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">UNIT 3</span></p>
    61. 

  61. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark18">Introduction ......................... U8</a></span></p>
    62. 

  62. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark19">Reference List........................“9</a></span></p>
    63. 

  63. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 48pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark20">Vocabulary....................... . . .</a></span></p>
    64. 

  64. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark21">Unit Map...........................52</a></span></p>
    65. 

  65. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark22">Reference Notes ........................ 53</a></span></p>
    66. 

  66. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 72pt;"><span class="font19">Nationality</span></p>
    67. 

  67. <p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:0pt 3pt 3pt 48pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark23">Home state, province, and city Drills............................56</a></span></p>
    68. 

  68. <p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">UNIT U</span></p>
    69. 

  69. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark24">Introduction ......................... 60</a></span></p>
    70. 

  70. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark25">Reference List........................6l</a></span></p>
    71. 

  71. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark26">Vocabulary..........................62</a></span></p>
    72. 

  72. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark27">Unit Map...........................63</a></span></p>
    73. 

  73. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark28">Reference Notes....................... • 6U</a></span></p>
    74. 

  74. <p style="padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 72pt;"><span class="font19">Location of people and places Where people's families are from</span></p>
    75. 

  75. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark29">Drills...........................69</a></span></p>
    76. 

  76. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark30">Criterion Test Sample ......................75</a></span></p>
    77. 

  77. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">Appendices</span></p>
    78. 

  78. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark31">I. Map of China......................80</a></span></p>
    79. 

  79. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark32">II • Map of Taiwan......................8l</a></span></p>
    80. 

  80. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark33">III. Countries and Regions..................82</a></span></p>
    81. 

  81. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark34">IV, American States.....................8U</a></span></p>
    82. 

  82. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark35">V. Canadian Provinces................. • • &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font13">85</span></a></p>
    83. 

  83. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark36">VI* ConiDon Chinese Names..................86</a></span></p>
    84. 

  84. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark37">VII, Chinese Provinces ........................................</span><span class="font13">87</span></a></p>
    85. 

  85. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 57pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark38">VIII, Chinese Cities.....................88</a></span></p>
    86. 

  86. <p style="padding:57pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">MODULE 2: BIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION</span></p>
    87. 

  87. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark39">Objectives...........................</span><span class="font13">89</span></a></p>
    88. 

  88. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark40">List of Tapes..........................90</a></span></p>
    89. 

  89. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark41">Target Lists..........................91</a></span></p>
    90. 

  90. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">UNIT 1</span></p>
    91. 

  91. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark42">Introduction........................99</a></span></p>
    92. 

  92. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark43">Reference List.......................99</a></span></p>
    93. 

  93. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark44">Vocabulary........................100</a></span></p>
    94. 

  94. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark45">Reference Notes ...................... 101</a></span></p>
    95. 

  95. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font19">Where people are staying (hotels)</span></p>
    96. 

  96. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font19">Short answers</span></p>
    97. 

  97. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font19">The question word neige &quot;which?&quot;</span></p>
    98. 

  98. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 3pt 0pt;"><a name="bookmark46"></a><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark47">Drills...............<sub>.</sub>..........105</a></span></p>
    99. 

  99. <p style="padding:3pt 0pt 3pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">UNIT 2</span></p>
    100. 

  100. <p style="text-align:right;padding:3pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark48">Introduction ......................Ill</a></span></p>
    101. 

  101. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark49">Reference List......................、112</a></span></p>
    102. 

  102. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark50">Vocabulary........................llU</a></span></p>
    103. 

  103. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark51">Reference Rotes ......................115</a></span></p>
    104. 

  104. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font19">Where people are staying (houses)</span></p>
    105. 

  105. <p style="padding:0pt 3pt 3pt 71pt;"><span class="font19">Where people are working Addresses The marker de The marker ba The prepositional verb zài Drills..........~...............120</span></p>
    106. 

  106. <p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">UNIT 3</span></p>
    107. 

  107. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark52">Introduction.......................12 </span><span class="font26">了</span></a></p>
    108. 

  108. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark53">Reference List .......................</span><span class="font13">128</span></a></p>
    109. 

  109. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark54">Vocabulary........................130</a></span></p>
    110. 

  110. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark55">Reference Notes ..................... 131</a></span></p>
    111. 

  111. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font19">Members of a family</span></p>
    112. 

  112. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font19">The plural ending -men</span></p>
    113. 

  113. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font19">The question word jĭ- <sup>!f</sup>how many”</span></p>
    114. 

  114. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 3pt 3pt 25pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark56">The adverb dou all Several ways to express <sup>n</sup>and<sup>M</sup> Drills • • ............... • • ..........136</a></span></p>
    115. 

  115. <p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">[JNIT </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k</span></p>
    116. 

  116. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark57">Introduction...................... • • • &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1 </span><span class="font25">从</span></a></p>
    117. 

  117. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark58">Reference List.....•...................1^5</a></span></p>
    118. 

  118. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark59">Vocabulary..........................1^6</a></span></p>
    119. 

  119. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark60">Reference Notes ................ ••••••• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1^7</a></span></p>
    120. 

  120. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 3pt 3pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Arrival and departure times The marker le The shi</span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">…de</span><span class="font19"> construction Drills............................153</span></p>
    121. 

  121. <p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">UNIT 5</span></p>
    122. 

  122. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark61">Introduction.........................1^2</a></span></p>
    123. 

  123. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark62">Reference List........................163</a></span></p>
    124. 

  124. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark63">Vocatxilary..........................165</a></span></p>
    125. 

  125. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark64">Reference Notes ....................... 166</a></span></p>
    126. 

  126. <p style="padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 48pt;"><span class="font19">Date and place of birth Days of the week Ages</span></p>
    127. 

  127. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 3pt 3pt 25pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark65">The marker le </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">for</span><span class="font19"> new situations Drills . . . . &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;....................1T1</span></a></p>
    128. 

  128. <p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">UNIT 6</span></p>
    129. 

  129. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Introduction.............<sub>.</sub>......... • • 1T8</span></p>
    130. 

  130. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark66">Reference List • • • ...............................179</a></span></p>
    131. 

  131. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Vocabulary........................ . • 180</span></p>
    132. 

  132. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Reference Notes ................</span></p>
    133. 

  133. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Duration phrases</span></p>
    134. 

  134. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">The marker le for completion</span></p>
    135. 

  135. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">The &quot;double </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">le”</span><span class="font19"> construction</span></p>
    136. 

  136. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">The marker guo</span></p>
    137. 

  137. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Action verts</span></p>
    138. 

  138. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">State verbs</span></p>
    139. 

  139. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 3pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Drills.....................188</span></p>
    140. 

  140. <p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">UBIT </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">7</span></p>
    141. 

  141. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Introduction. ......................* • • 196</span></p>
    142. 

  142. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Reference List..................... • • • 19</span><span class="font26">了</span></p>
    143. 

  143. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Vocabulary.......... ......</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">.</span><span class="font19">.........199</span></p>
    144. 

  144. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Reference Notes ............ ••••••«••*• 200</span></p>
    145. 

  145. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Where someone vorks</span></p>
    146. 

  146. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Where and vhat someone has studied</span></p>
    147. 

  147. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">What languages someone can speak</span></p>
    148. 

  148. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Auxiliary verbs</span></p>
    149. 

  149. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">General objects</span></p>
    150. 

  150. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 3pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark67">Drills............................20U</a></span></p>
    151. 

  151. <p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">UNIT 8</span></p>
    152. 

  152. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark68">Introduction.........................213</a></span></p>
    153. 

  153. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark69">Reference List........................2lū</a></span></p>
    154. 

  154. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark70">Vocabulary..........................215</a></span></p>
    155. 

  155. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><a href="#bookmark71">Reference Notes.......................216</a></span></p>
    156. 

  156. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">More on duration phrases</span></p>
    157. 

  157. <p style="padding:0pt 58pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">The marker le for nev situations in negative sentences Military titles and branches of service The marker </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font19"> Process verbs</span></p>
    158. 

  158. <p><span class="font19">Drills............................223</span></p>
    159. 

  159. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 36pt 22pt;"><a name="bookmark10"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">INTRODUCTION</span></p>
    160. 

  160. <p style="padding:36pt 0pt 21pt 1pt;"><a name="bookmark6"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">SECTION I: ABOUT THE COURSE</span></p>
    161. 

  161. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:21pt 12pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">This course is designed to give you a practical command of spoken Standard Chinese. You will learn both to understand and to speak it. Although Standard Chinese is one language, there are differences betveen the particular form it takes in Beijing and the form it takes in the rest of the country. There are also, of course, significant nonlinguistic differences between regions of the country. Reflecting these regional differences</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19"> the settings for most conversations are Beijing and Taipei.</span></p>
    162. 

  162. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">This course represents a nev approach to the teaching of foreign languages. In many ways it redefines the roles of teacher and student, of classvork and homework, and of text and tape. Here is what you should</span></p>
    163. 

  163. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">expect:</span></p>
    164. 

  164. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">The focus is on communicating in Chinese in practical situations—the obvious ones you will encounter upon arriving in China. You vill be communicating in Chinese most of the time you are in class. You will not always &quot;be talking about real situations, &quot;but you will almost alvays be purposefully exchanging information in Chinese.</span></p>
    165. 

  165. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">This focus on communicating means that the teacher is first of all your conversational partner. Anything that forces hizn^ back into the traditional roles of lecturer and drillmastar limits your opportunity to interact with a speaker of the Chinese language and to experience the language in its full spontaneity, flexibility<sub>5</sub> and responsiveness.</span></p>
    166. 

  166. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Using class time for communicating, you will complete other course activities out of class whenever possible. This is vhat the tapes are for. They introduce the nev material of each unit and give you as much additional practice as possible vithout a conversational partner.</span></p>
    167. 

  167. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">The texts suminarize and supplement the tapes, vhìch take you through new material step &quot;by step and then give you intensive practice on vhat you have covered. In this course you will spend almost all your </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">time</span><span class="font19"> listening to Chinese and saying things in Chinese, either vith the tapes or in class.</span></p>
    168. 

  168. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Hov the Course Is Organized</span></p>
    169. 

  169. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 37pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">The subtitle of this course, &quot;A Modular Approach,&quot; refers to overall organization of the materials into MODULES which focus on particular situations or language topics and which allow a certain amount of choice as to vhat is taught and in what order. To highlight equally significant features of the course, the subtitle could Just as well have &quot;been ”A Situational Approach,&quot; <sup>11</sup>A Taped-Input Approach，&quot; or <sup>11</sup>A Communicative Approach/<sup>1</sup></span></p>
    170. 

  170. <table>
    171. 

  171. <tr><td>
    172. 

  172. <p><span class="font19">Ten situational modules form the core of the course:</span></p></td></tr>
    173. 

  173. <tr><td>
    174. 

  174. <table border="1">
    175. 

  175. <tr><td>
    176. 

  176. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">ORIENTATION (ORN)</span></p></td><td>
    177. 

  177. <p style="padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font19">Talking ábout who you are and where you are from.</span></p></td></tr>
    178. 

  178. <tr><td>
    179. 

  179. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">BIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION (BIO)</span></p></td><td>
    180. 

  180. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font19">Talking about your &quot;background</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19">family, studies, and occupation and about your visit to China.</span></p></td></tr>
    181. 

  181. <tr><td>
    182. 

  182. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">MONEY (MON)</span></p></td><td>
    183. 

  183. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font19">Making purchases and changing money.</span></p></td></tr>
    184. 

  184. <tr><td>
    185. 

  185. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">DIRECTIONS (DIR)</span></p></td><td>
    186. 

  186. <p style="padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font19">Asking directions in a city or in a building.</span></p></td></tr>
    187. 

  187. <tr><td>
    188. 

  188. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">TRANSPORTATION (TRN)</span></p></td><td>
    189. 

  189. <p style="padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font19">Taking buses, taxis, trains, and planes, including finding out schedule information, &quot;buying tickets, and making reservations.</span></p></td></tr>
    190. 

  190. <tr><td>
    191. 

  191. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">ARRANGING A MEETING (MTG)</span></p></td><td>
    192. 

  192. <p style="padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font19">Arranging a business meeting or a social get-together, changing the time of an appointment, and declining an invitation.</span></p></td></tr>
    193. 

  193. <tr><td>
    194. 

  194. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">SOCIETY (SOC)</span></p></td><td>
    195. 

  195. <p style="padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font19">Talking ábout families, relationships betveen people, cultural roles in traditional society, and cultural trends in modern society.</span></p></td></tr>
    196. 

  196. <tr><td>
    197. 

  197. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">TRAVELING IN CHINA (TRL)</span></p></td><td>
    198. 

  198. <p style="padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font19">Making travel arrangements and visiting a kindergarten, the Great Wall, the Ming Tombs, a comune, and a factory.</span></p></td></tr>
    199. 

  199. <tr><td>
    200. 

  200. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">LIFE IH CHINA (LIC)</span></p></td><td>
    201. 

  201. <p style="padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font19">Talking about daily life in Beijing street committees, leisure activities, traffic and transportation, buying and rationing, housing.</span></p></td></tr>
    202. 

  202. <tr><td>
    203. 

  203. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">TALKING ABOUT THE NEWS (TAN)</span></p></td><td>
    204. 

  204. <p style="padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font19">Talking about government and party policy changes described in newspapers the educational system, -agricultural policy, international policy, ideological policy, and policy in the arts.</span></p></td></tr>
    205. 

  205. </table></td></tr>
    206. 

  206. <tr><td>
    207. 

  207. <p><span class="font19">Each core module consists of tapes, a student textbook, and a workbook.</span></p></td></tr>
    208. 

  208. </table>
    209. 

  209. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 14pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">In addition to the ten CORE modules, ther.e are also RESOURCE modules and OPTIONAL modules*. Resource modules teach particular systems in the language, such as numbers and dates. As you proceed through a situational core module, you vill occasionally take time out to study part of a resource module. (You vill begin the first* three of these while studying the Orientation Module.)</span></p>
    210. 

  210. <table border="1">
    211. 

  211. <tr><td>
    212. 

  212. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">PRONUNCIATION AND ROMANIZATION (P&amp;R)</span></p></td><td>
    213. 

  213. <p style="padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">The sound system of Chinese and the Pinyin system of romanization.</span></p></td></tr>
    214. 

  214. <tr><td>
    215. 

  215. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">NUMBERS (NUM)</span></p></td><td>
    216. 

  216. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Numbers up to five digits.</span></p></td></tr>
    217. 

  217. <tr><td>
    218. 

  218. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">CLASSROOM EXPRESSIONS (CE)</span></p></td><td>
    219. 

  219. <p style="padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Expressions &quot;basic to the classroom learning situation.</span></p></td></tr>
    220. 

  220. <tr><td>
    221. 

  221. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">TIME AND DATES (T&amp;D)</span></p></td><td>
    222. 

  222. <p style="padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Dates, days of the week, clock time, parts of the day.</span></p></td></tr>
    223. 

  223. <tr><td>
    224. 

  224. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">GRAMMAR</span></p></td><td>
    225. 

  225. <p style="padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Aspect and verb types, word order, multisyllabic verbs and auxiliary verbs „ complex sentences, adverbial expressions.</span></p></td></tr>
    226. 

  226. </table>
    227. 

  227. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 18pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Each module consists of tapes and a student texfbook.</span></p>
    228. 

  228. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:18pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">The eight optional modules focus on particular situations:</span></p>
    229. 

  229. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font19">RESTAURANT (RST)</span></p>
    230. 

  230. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font19">HOTEL (HTL)</span></p>
    231. 

  231. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font19">PERSONAL WELFARE (WLF)</span></p>
    232. 

  232. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font19">POST OFFICE AND TELEPHONE (PST/TEL)</span></p>
    233. 

  233. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font19">CAB (CAB)</span></p>
    234. 

  234. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font19">CUSTOMS SURROUNDING MARRIAGE, BIRTH, </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">MD</span><span class="font19"> DEATH </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">{MED)</span></p>
    235. 

  235. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font19">NEW YEAR^ CELEBRATION (NYH)</span></p>
    236. 

  236. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 49pt;"><span class="font19">INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS (l&amp;0)</span></p>
    237. 

  237. <p style="padding:3pt 37pt 33pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Each module consists of tapes and a student textbook. These optional modules may be used at any time after certain core modules,</span></p>
    238. 

  238. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:33pt 14pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">The diagram on page </span><span class="font26">紅</span><span class="font19"> shows hov the core modules<sub>9</sub> optional modules，and resource modules fit together in the course. Resource modules are shown where study should begin. Optional modules are shovn where they may be introduced.</span></p>
    239. 

  239. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 21pt 103pt;"><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;">A MODULAR APPROACH</span></p><img src="0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText_files/0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText-2.png" style="width:394pt;height:571pt;"/>
    240. 

  240. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Inside a Core Module</span></p>
    241. 

  241. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Each core module has from four to eight units. A module also includes</span></p>
    242. 

  242. <p style="padding:9pt 7pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Objectives</span><span class="font26">：</span><span class="font19"> The module objectives are listed at the beginning of the text for each module. Read these before starting work on the first unit to fix in your mind what you are trying to accomplish and what you vill have to do to pass the test at the end of the module.</span></p>
    243. 

  243. <p style="padding:3pt 7pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Target Lists: These follow the objectives in the text. They summarize the language content of each unit in the form of typical questions and answers on the topic of that unit. Each sentence is given both in roman-ized Chinese and in English. Turn to the appropriate Target List before, during, or after your work on a unit, whenever you need to pull together what is in the unit.</span></p>
    244. 

  244. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:3pt 31pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Review</span><span class="font19"> Tapes </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">(R-l)</span><span class="font19">: The Target List sentences are given on these tapes. Except in the short Orientation Module, there are two R-l tapes for each module</span><span class="font11" style="font-style:italic;">•</span></p>
    245. 

  245. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:3pt 7pt 33pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Criterion Test: After studying each module, you will Test to find out which module objectives you have met to work on &quot;before &quot;beginning to study another module.</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
    246. 

  246. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 11pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">take a Criterion and which you need</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
    247. 

  247. <p style="padding:33pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Inside a Unit</span></p>
    248. 

  248. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 0pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Here is what you vill be doing in each unit. First, you will vork</span></p>
    249. 

  249. <p style="padding:3pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">through two tapes:</span></p>
    250. 

  250. <p style="padding:9pt 7pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Comprehension Tape 1 (C-l): This tape introduces all the new words and structures in the unit and lets you hear them in the context of short conversational exchanges. It then works them into other short conversations and longer passages for listening practice, and finally reviews them in the Target List sentences. Your goal when using the tape is to under-stand all the Target List sentences for the unit.</span></p>
    251. 

  251. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:3pt 20pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Production Tape 1 (P-l): This tape gives you practice in pronouncing the new words and in saying the sentences you learned to understand on the C-l tape. Your goal when using the P-l tape is to &quot;be able to produce any of the Target List sentences in Chine” when given the English equivalent.</span></p>
    252. 

  252. <p style="padding:3pt 7pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">The C-l and P-l tapes，not accompanied by workbooks, are ”portable,’ in the sense that they do not tie you down to your desk. However, there are some written materials for each unit which you will need to work into your study routine. A text Reference List at the beginning of each unit contains the sentences from the C-l and P-l tapes. It includes both the Chinese sentences and their English equivalents. The text Reference Notes restate and expand the comments made on the C-l and P-l tapes concerning grammar, vo-cabulary, pronunciation, and culture.</span></p>
    253. 

  253. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 20pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">After you have worked with the C-l and P-l tapes, you go on to two class activities: 3. Target List </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Review</span><span class="font19">: In this first class activity of the unit, you find out how well you learned the C-l and P-l sentences. The teacher checks your understanding and production of the Target List sentences. He also presents any additional required vocabulary items, found at the end of the Target List, which were not on the C-l and P-l tapes.</span></p>
    254. 

  254. <p style="padding:3pt 16pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">U. Structural Buildup: During this class activity, you work on your understanding and control of the new structures in the unit. You respond to questions from your teacher about situations illustrated on a chalkboard or explained in other ways.</span></p>
    255. 

  255. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 28pt 3pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">After these activities, your teacher may want you to spend some time vorking on the drills for the unit.</span></p>
    256. 

  256. <p style="padding:3pt 16pt 3pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Drill Tape: This tape takes you through various types of drills based on the Target List sentences and on the additional required vocabulary.</span></p>
    257. 

  257. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:3pt 16pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Drills: The teacher may have you go over some or all of the drills in class, either to prepare for work with the tape, to review the tape, or to replace it.</span></p>
    258. 

  258. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 16pt 3pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">Next，you use two more tapes. These tapes vill give you as much additional practice as possible outside of class.</span></p>
    259. 

  259. <p style="padding:3pt 16pt 3pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Comprehension Tape 2 </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">(C-2)</span><span class="font19">: This tape provides advanced listening practice with exercises containing long, varied passages which fully exploit the possibilities of the material covered. In the C-2 Workbook you answer questions about the passages.</span></p>
    260. 

  260. <p style="padding:3pt 0pt 3pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Production Tape 2 </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">(P-2)</span><span class="font19">: This tape resembles the Structural Buildup</span></p>
    261. 

  261. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:3pt 16pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">in that you practice using the new structures of the unit in various situations. The P-2 Workbook provides instructions and displays of information for each exercise.</span></p>
    262. 

  262. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 68pt 3pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">Following work on these two tapes, you take part in two class activities:</span></p>
    263. 

  263. <p style="padding:3pt 16pt 3pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Exercise </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Review</span><span class="font19">: The teacher reviews the exercises of the C-2 tape by reading or playing passages from the tape and questioning you on them. He reviews the exercises of the P-2 tape by questioning you on information displays in the P-2 Workbook.</span></p>
    264. 

  264. <p style="padding:3pt 16pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">10. Communication Activities: Here you use what you have learned in the unit for the purposeful exchange of information. Both fictitious situations (in Communication Games) and real-world situations involving you and your classmates (in ”intervievs</span><span class="font26">”）</span><span class="font19"> are used.</span></p>
    265. 

  265. <table>
    266. 

  266. <tr><td>
    267. 

  267. <p><span class="font19">Materials and Activities for a Unit</span></p></td></tr>
    268. 

  268. <tr><td>
    269. 

  269. <table border="1">
    270. 

  270. <tr><td>
    271. 

  271. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">TAPED MATERIALS</span></p></td><td>
    272. 

  272. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font19">WRITTEN MATERIALS</span></p></td><td>
    273. 

  273. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font19">CLASS ACTIVITIES</span></p></td></tr>
    274. 

  274. <tr><td>
    275. 

  275. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">C-l, P-l Tapes</span></p></td><td>
    276. 

  276. <p style="padding:0pt 21pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font19">Target List Reference List Reference Notes</span></p></td><td>
    277. 

  277. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font19">Target List Review</span></p></td></tr>
    278. 

  278. <tr><td>
    279. 

  279. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    280. 

  280. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"></p></td><td>
    281. 

  281. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font19">Structural Buildup</span></p></td></tr>
    282. 

  282. <tr><td>
    283. 

  283. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">D-l Tapes</span></p></td><td>
    284. 

  284. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font19">Drills</span></p></td><td>
    285. 

  285. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font19">Drills</span></p></td></tr>
    286. 

  286. <tr><td>
    287. 

  287. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">C-2, P-2 Tapes</span></p></td><td>
    288. 

  288. <p style="padding:0pt 21pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font19">Reference Notes C-2, P-2 Workbooks</span></p></td><td>
    289. 

  289. <p style="padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font19">Exercise Review Communication Activities</span></p></td></tr>
    290. 

  290. </table></td></tr>
    291. 

  291. </table><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;"><img src="0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText_files/0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText-3.png" style="width:284pt;height:199pt;"/></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
    292. 

  292. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Wen wu Temple in central Taiwan (courtesy of Thomas Madden)</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
    293. 

  293. <p style="padding:0pt 226pt 24pt 4pt;"><a name="bookmark72"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">SECTION II BACKGROUND NOTES: ABOUT CHINESE</span></p>
    294. 

  294. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:24pt 0pt 9pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">The Chinese Languages</span></p>
    295. 

  295. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">We find it perfectly natural to talk about a language called ”Chinese.&quot; We say, for example, that the people of China speak different dialects of Chinese, and that Confucius wrote in an ancient form of Chinese• On the other hand, we would never think of saying that the people of Italy,</span></p>
    296. 

  296. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 20pt 9pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">France, Spain, and Portugal speak dialects of one language, and that Julius Caesar wrote in an ancient form of that language. But the facts are almost exactly parallel.</span></p>
    297. 

  297. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 33pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">Therefore, in terms of vhat we think of as a language when closer to home, &quot;Chinese” is not one language, but a family of languages. The language of Confucius is partway up the trunk of the family tree. Like Latin, it lived on as a literary language long after its death as a spoken language in popular use. The seven modern languages of China, traditionally known as the &quot;dialects,&quot; are the branches of the tree. They share as strong a family resemblance as do Italian, French, Spanish, and Portuguese, and are about as different from one another.</span></p>
    298. 

  298. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:33pt 12pt 9pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">The predominant language of China is now known as Pŭtonghuà, or &quot;Standard Chinese” (literally ”the common speech”). The more traditional term, still used in Taiwan, is Guĕyŭ^ or &quot;Mandarin” (literally ”the national language&quot;). Standard Chinese is spoken natively by almost tvo-thirds of the population of China and throughout the greater part of the country.</span></p>
    299. 

  299. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 20pt 9pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">The term &quot;Standard Chinese&quot; is often used more narrowly to refer to the true national language which is emerging. This language, which is already the language of all national broadcasting, is based primarily on the 'Peking dialect, but takes in elements from other dialects of Standard Chinese and even from other Chinese languages. Like many national languages, it is more widely understood than spoken, and is often spoken with some concessions to local speech, particularly in pronunciation.</span></p>
    300. 

  300. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 33pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">The Chinese languages and their dialects differ far more in pronunciation than in grammar and vocabulary. What distinguishes Standard Chinese most from the other Chinese languages, for example» is that it has the fewest tones and the fevest final consonants.</span></p>
    301. 

  301. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:33pt 12pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">The remaining six Chinese languages, spoken by approximately a quarter of the population of China, are tightly grouped in the southeast, </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">telov</span><span class="font19"> the Yangtze River. The six are: the Wu group (Wu), which includes the ”Shanghai dialect</span><span class="font26">”；</span><span class="font19"> Hunanese (Xiang); the &quot;Kiangsi dialect&quot; (Gan); Cantonese (Yuè</span><span class="font26">)， </span><span class="font19">the language of Guăngdōng, widely spoken in Chinese communities in the United States; Fukienese (Mĭn</span><span class="font26">)，</span><span class="font19"> a variant of which is spoken by a majority</span></p>
    302. 

  302. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 24pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">on Taiwan and hence called Taiwanese; and Hakka (Kè.Hā), spoken in a belt above the Cantonese area, as well as by a minority on Taiwan. Cantonese, Fukienese, and Hakka are also widely spoken throughout Southeast Asia.</span></p>
    303. 

  303. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 10pt 57pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">There are minority ethnic groups in China who speak non-Chinese languages • Some of these, such as Tibetan, are distantly related to the Chinese languages. Others, such as Mongolian, are entirely unrelated.</span></p>
    304. 

  304. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:57pt 0pt 15pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Some Characteristics of Chinese</span></p>
    305. 

  305. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:15pt 10pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">To us, perhaps the roost striking feature of spoken Chinese is the use of variation in tone (&quot;tones</span><span class="font26">”）</span><span class="font19"> to distinguish the different meanings of syllables which vould otherwise sound alike. All languages» and Chinese is no exception, znaKe use of sentence intonation to indicate how whole sentences are to &quot;be understood. In English, for example, the rising pattern in &quot;He’s gone?&quot; tells us that the sentence is meant as a question.</span></p>
    306. 

  306. <p style="padding:0pt 16pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">The Chinese tones, however, are quite a different matter. They &quot;belong to individual syllables, not to the sentence as a whole. An inherent part of each Standard Chinese syllable is one of four distinctive tones. The tone does just as much to distinguish the syllable as do the consonants and vowels. For example, the only difference between the verb ”to buy,'<sup>f</sup> and the verb ’’to sell, mài, is the Low tone (<sup>w</sup>) and the Falling tone (<sup>v</sup>). And ye.t these vords are Just as distinguishable as our words ”&quot;buy” and <sup>Tl</sup>guy,&quot; or ”&quot;buy” and ’’boy•” Apart from the tones, the sound system of Standard Chinese is no more different from English than French is.</span></p>
    307. 

  307. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 10pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Word formation in Standard Chinese is relatively simple. For one thing, there are no conjugations such as are found in many European languages . Chinese verbs have fever forms than English verbs, and nowhere near as many irregularities • Chinese grainmar relies heavily on word order, and often the word order is the same as in English. For these reasons Chinese is not as difficult for Americans to learn to speak as one might think.</span></p>
    308. 

  308. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 10pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">It is often said that Chinese is a monosyllabic language. This notion contains a good deal of truth. It has been found that, on the average, every other vord in ordinary conversation is a single-syllable word. Moreover, although most words in the dictionary have two syllables, and some have more，these vords can almost alvays be broken down into singlesyllable units of meaning, many of which can stand alone as words.</span></p>
    309. 

  309. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Written Chinese</span></p>
    310. 

  310. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 12pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Most languages with which ve are familiar are written with an alphabet. The letters may &quot;be different from ours, as in the Greek alphabet, *but the principle is the same: one letter for each consonant or vovel sound, more or less. Chinese, however, is written with &quot;characters&quot; which stand for whole syllables--in fact, for </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">yhole</span><span class="font19"> syllables vith particular meanings. Although there are only about thirteen hundred phonetically distinct syllables in standard Chinese, there are several thousand Chinese characters in everyday use, essentially one for each single-syllable unit of meaning. This means that many words have the same pronunciation &quot;but are written with different characters, as </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">tiān,</span><span class="font19"> ”sky,&quot;</span><span class="font26">天</span><span class="font19">，and tiān, &quot;to add,” &quot;to increase，&quot; </span><span class="font26">添</span><span class="font19">. Chinese characters are often referred to as <sup>Tf</sup>ideographs,which suggests that they stand directly for ideas. But this is misleading. It is better to think of them as standing for the meaningful syllables of the spoken language.</span></p>
    311. 

  311. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 20pt 33pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Minimal literacy in Chinese calls for knowing about a thousand characters .These thousand characters» in combination, give a reading vocabulary of several thousand words. Full literacy calls for knowing some three thousand characters. In order to reduce the amount of time needed to learn characters, there has been a vast extension in the People<sup>1</sup>s Republic of China (PRC) of the principle of character simplification, which has reduced the average number of strokes per character by half.</span></p>
    312. 

  312. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:33pt 12pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">During the past century, various systems have been proposed for representing the sounds of Chinese with letters of the Roman alphabet. One of these romanizations, Hànyŭ Pĭnyín (literally ”Chinese Language Spelling, generally called <sup>n</sup>Pinyin in English), has &quot;been adopted officially in the PRC, with the short-term goal of teaching all students the Standard Chinese pronunciation of characters. A long-range goal is the use of Pinyin for written communication throu^iout the country. This is not possible, of course, until speakers across the nation have uniform pronunciations of Standard Chinese. For the time being, characters<sub>s</sub> which represent meaning, not pronunciation, are still the most widely accepted way of coaaaunicating in writing.</span></p>
    313. 

  313. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 30pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Pinyin uses all of the letters in our alphabet except v, and adds the letter u. The spellings of some of the consonant sounds are rather arbitrary from our point of view, but for every consonant sound there is only one letter or one combination of letters, and vice versa. You vill find that each vowel letter can stand for different vowel sounds, depending on what letters precede or follow it in the syllable • The four tones are indicated by accent marks over the vowels, and the Neutral tone by the absence of an accent mark:</span></p>
    314. 

  314. <table border="1">
    315. 

  315. <tr><td>
    316. 

  316. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">High:</span></p></td><td>
    317. 

  317. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">mā</span></p></td><td>
    318. 

  318. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Falling: mà</span></p></td></tr>
    319. 

  319. <tr><td>
    320. 

  320. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Rising:</span></p></td><td>
    321. 

  321. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">má</span></p></td><td>
    322. 

  322. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Neutral</span><span class="font26">：</span><span class="font19"> ma</span></p></td></tr>
    323. 

  323. <tr><td>
    324. 

  324. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Low:</span></p></td><td>
    325. 

  325. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">ma</span></p></td><td>
    326. 

  326. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 59pt;"></p></td></tr>
    327. 

  327. </table>
    328. 

  328. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 19pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">One reason often given for the retention of characters is that they can be read, with the local pronunciation, by speakers of all the Chinese languages. Probably a stronger reason for retaining them is that the characters help keep alive distinctions of meaning between words, and connections of meaning between vords</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19"> which are fading in the spoken language. On the other hand, a Cantonese cotild learn to speak Standard Chinese, and read it alphabetically, at least as easily as he can learn several thousand characters.</span></p>
    329. 

  329. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 19pt 57pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Pinyin is used throughout this course to provide a simple written representation of pronunciation. The characters, which are chiefly responsible for the reputation of Chinese as a difficult language, are taught separately.</span></p>
    330. 

  330. <p style="padding:57pt 0pt 24pt 2pt;"><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">BACKGROUND NOTES: ABOUT CHINESE CHARACTERS</span></p>
    331. 

  331. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Each Chinese character is written as a fixed sequence of strokes.</span></p>
    332. 

  332. <p style="padding:0pt 19pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">There are very few &quot;basic types of strokes, each with its ovn prescribed direction, length, and contour. The dynamics of these strokes as written with a &quot;brush, the classical writing instrument, shov up clearly even in printed characters. You can tell from the varying thickness of the stroke how tlje brush met the paper, hov it swooped, and how it lifted; these effects are largely lost in characters vritten with a &quot;ball-point pen.</span></p>
    333. 

  333. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 35pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">The sequence of strokes is of particular importance. Let's take the character for &quot;moutli,” pronounced kou. Here it is as normally written, vith the order and directions of the strokes indicated.</span></p><img src="0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText_files/0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText-4.png" style="width:66pt;height:56pt;"/>
    334. 

  334. <p style="padding:9pt 19pt 39pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">If the character is written rapidly, in &quot;running-style writing,<sup>M</sup> one stroke glides into the next, like this.</span></p>
    335. 

  335. <p style="text-align:center;padding:39pt 0pt 33pt 21pt;"><a name="bookmark73"></a><span class="font23" style="font-style:italic;">XI</span></p>
    336. 

  336. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:33pt 19pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">If the strokes were written in any but the proper order, quite different distortions would take place as each stroke reflected the last and anticipated the next, and the character would be illegible.</span></p>
    337. 

  337. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 18pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">The earliest surviving Chinese characters, inscribed on the Shang Dynasty &quot;oracle bones&quot; of about 1500 B.C., already included characters that vent beyond simple pictorial representation. There are some characters in use today which are pictorial, like the character for &quot;mouth.&quot; There are also some which are directly symbolic, like our Roman numerals I, II, and III. (The characters for these numbers—the first numbers you learn in this course--are like the Roman numerals turned on their sides.) There are some which are indirectly symbolic, like our Arabic numerals 1,2, and 3. But the most common type of character is complex, consisting of two parts: a &quot;phonetic, which suggests the pronunciation, and a ”radical,，’ which broadly characterizes the meaning. Let<sup>f</sup>s take the following character as an example.</span></p><img src="0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText_files/0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText-5.png" style="width:59pt;height:69pt;"/>
    338. 

  338. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 18pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">This character means &quot;ocean” and is pronounced yăng« The left side of the character, the three short strokes, is an abbreviation of a character which means &quot;water” and is pronounced shuĭ. This is the &quot;radical.&quot; It has been borrowed only for its meaning, &quot;vater. The right side of the character above is a character which means &quot;sheep” and is pronounced yang. This is the ”phonetic/’ It has been borrowed only for its sound value, yang.</span></p>
    339. 

  339. <p style="padding:0pt 11pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">A speaker of Chinese encountering the above character for the first time could probably figure out that the only Chinese word that sounds like yang and means something like <sup>f</sup>Vater<sup>,?</sup> is the word </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">yăng</span><span class="font19"> meaning &quot;ocean,” We, as speakers of English<sub>9</sub> might not &quot;be able to figure it out. Moreover, phonetics and radicals seldom work as neatly as in this example. But we can still learn to make good use of these hints at sound and sense.</span></p>
    340. 

  340. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Many dictionaries classify characters in terms of the radicals.</span></p>
    341. 

  341. <p style="padding:0pt 11pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">According to one of the two dictionary systems used, there are 1</span><span class="font26">了</span><span class="font19">6 radicals; in the other system, there are </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">2lk.</span><span class="font19"> There are over a thousand phonetics</span><span class="font26">。</span></p>
    342. 

  342. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 18pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Chinese has traditionally been vritten vertically, from top to bottom of the page, starting on the right-hand side, with the pages bound so that the first page is where ve would expect the last page to be* Nowadays, however, many Chinese publications paginate like Western publications, and the characters are written horizontally, from left to right</span><span class="font26">。</span></p>
    343. 

  343. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 21pt 2pt;"><a name="bookmark74"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">BACKGROUND NOTES: ABOUT CHINESE PERSONAL NAMES AND TITLES</span></p>
    344. 

  344. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:21pt 16pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">A Chinese personal name consists of two parts: a surname and a given name. There is no middle name. The order is the reverse of ours: surname first, given name last.</span></p>
    345. 

  345. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 16pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">The most common pattern for Chinese names is a single</span><span class="font26">二</span><span class="font19">syllable surname followed by a two-syllaì)le given name: <a name="footnote1"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark75">1</a></sup></span></p>
    346. 

  346. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 65pt;"><span class="font19">Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung)</span></p>
    347. 

  347. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 65pt;"><span class="font19">Zhōu Enlái (Chou En-lai)</span></p>
    348. 

  348. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 65pt;"><span class="font19">Jiang Jièshí (Chiang Kai-shek)</span></p>
    349. 

  349. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 65pt;"><span class="font19">Song Qìnglíng (Soong Ch<sup>f</sup>ing-lingMme Sun Yat-sen)</span></p>
    350. 

  350. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 65pt;"><span class="font19">Song Mĕilíng (Soong Mei-iing--Mme Chiang Kai-shek)</span></p>
    351. 

  351. <p style="padding:9pt 16pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">It is not uncommon, however, for the given name to consist of a single syllable:</span></p>
    352. 

  352. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 65pt;"><span class="font19">Zhŭ Dĕ (Chu Teh)</span></p>
    353. 

  353. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 65pt;"><span class="font19">Lín Biāo (Lin Piao)</span></p>
    354. 

  354. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 65pt;"><span class="font19">Hu Shi (Hu Shih)</span></p>
    355. 

  355. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 65pt;"><span class="font19">Jiang Qĭng (Chiang Ch</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19">ing—Mme Mao Tse-tung)</span></p>
    356. 

  356. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 16pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">There are a few tvo-syllable surnames. These are usually followed by single-syllable given names:</span></p>
    357. 

  357. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 65pt;"><span class="font19">Sĭmă Guang (Ssu-ma Kuang)</span></p>
    358. 

  358. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 65pt;"><span class="font19">Ōuyáng Xiū (Ou-yang Hsiu)</span></p>
    359. 

  359. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 65pt;"><span class="font19">Zhūgĕ Lìàng (Chu-ke Liang)</span></p>
    360. 

  360. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">But two-syllable surnames may also be folloved by two-syllable given names</span><span class="font26">：</span></p>
    361. 

  361. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 36pt 65pt;"><span class="font19">Sĭmă Xiāngrú (Ssu-ma Hsiang-ju)</span></p>
    362. 

  362. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:36pt 16pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">An exhaustive list of Chinese surnames includes several hundred written with a single character and several dozen written vith tvo characters.</span></p>
    363. 

  363. <p style="padding:0pt 16pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Some single-syllable surnames sound exactly alike although written vith different characters, and to distinguish them</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19"> the Chinese nay occasionally have to describe the character or &quot;write&quot; it vith a finger on the palm of a hand. But the surnames that you are likely to encounter are fever than a hundred, and a handful of these are so common that they account for a good majority of China’s population.</span></p>
    364. 

  364. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:28pt;padding:0pt 24pt 33pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Given names, as opposed to surnames, are not restricted to a limited list of characters, Men<sup>f</sup>s names are often but not always distinguishable from women<sup>1</sup>s; the difference, however, usually lies in the meaning of the characters and so is not readily apparent to the beginning student with a limited knowledge of characters.</span></p>
    365. 

  365. <p style="text-indent:28pt;padding:33pt 11pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Outside the People<sup>1</sup>s Republic the traditional system of titles is still in use. These titles closely parallel our own &quot;Mr”” &quot;Mrs•，” and ”Miss•” Notice, however, that all Chinese titles follow the name--either the full name or the surname alone—rather than preceding it.</span></p>
    366. 

  366. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:28pt;padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">The title &quot;Mr•” is Xiānsheng.</span></p>
    367. 

  367. <p style="padding:9pt 300pt 9pt 29pt;"><span class="font19">MS Xiānsheng J4ă Mínglĭ Xiānsheng</span></p>
    368. 

  368. <p style="text-indent:28pt;padding:9pt 11pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">The title &quot;Mrs.&quot; is </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tàitai</span><span class="font19">. It follows the husband<sup>1</sup>s full name or surname alone.</span></p>
    369. 

  369. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:28pt;padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">MS Tàitai</span></p>
    370. 

  370. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:28pt;padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">MS Mínglĭ Tàitai</span></p>
    371. 

  371. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:28pt;padding:9pt 24pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">The title ”Miss” is XiSoJiĕ. The Ma family<sup>f</sup>s grown daughter, Dĕfēn, would *be</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
    372. 

  372. <p style="padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">Xiaojie Dĕfēn Xiăojiĕ</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
    373. 

  373. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">Ma</span></p>
    374. 

  374. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">Mă</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
    375. 

  375. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 12pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Even traditionally, outside the People<sup>T</sup>s Republic, a married woman does not take her husband<sup>1</sup>s name in the same sense as in our culture. If Miss Fang Băolăn marries Mr. Ma Mínglĭ, she becomes Mrs, Mă Mínglĭ，but at the same time she remains Fang Băolán, She does not become Ma Băolán; there is no equivalent of ”Mrs. Mary Smith。” She may, however, add her husband<sup>?</sup>s surname to her own full name and refer to herself as Mă Fang Băolán. At work she is quite likely to continue as Miss Fang.</span></p>
    376. 

  376. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 33pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">These customs regarding names are still observed by icany Chinese today in various parts of the world. The titles carry certain connotations, however, when used in the PRC today: Tàitai should not be used &quot;because it designates that woman as a member of the leisure class. Xiao.lig should not be used because it carries the connotation of being from a rich family.</span></p>
    377. 

  377. <p style="text-align:right;padding:33pt 36pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">In the People's Republic, the title &quot;Comrade，” Tongzhĭ, is used in place of the titles Xiānsheng, Tàitai</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19"> and Xiaojie. Mă Mínglĭ would be</span></p>
    378. 

  378. <p style="padding:9pt 312pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font19">Ma Tongzhì Mă Mínglĭ Tongzhì</span></p>
    379. 

  379. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 34pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">The title &quot;Comrade&quot; is applied to all, regardless of sex or marital status. A married* woman does not take her husband<sup>1</sup>8 name in any sense. MS Mínglĭ<sup>1</sup> s wife would be</span></p>
    380. 

  380. <p style="padding:9pt 306pt 9pt 35pt;"><span class="font19">Fang Tóngzhì Fang Baolăn Tongzhì</span></p>
    381. 

  381. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 34pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Children may </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">ì&gt;e</span><span class="font19"> given either the mother<sup>1</sup> s or the father <sup>f</sup>s surname at birth. In soxoe families one child has the father<sup>f</sup>s sumaiae, and another child has the mother's surname• Mă MÍnglĭ<sup>f</sup>s and Fang BSolăn<sup>9</sup>s grown daughter could be</span></p>
    382. 

  382. <p style="padding:9pt 306pt 9pt 35pt;"><span class="font19">MS Tŏngzhì Má Dĕfēn Tóngzhì</span></p>
    383. 

  383. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Their grown son could be</span></p>
    384. 

  384. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font19">Fang Tongzhĭ</span></p>
    385. 

  385. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 36pt 35pt;"><span class="font19">Fang Zìqiăng Tŏngzhì</span></p>
    386. 

  386. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:36pt 17pt 36pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Both in the PRC and elsewhere, of course, there are official titles and titles of respect in addition to the connnon titles ve have discussed here* Several of these will be introduced .later in the course.</span></p>
    387. 

  387. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:36pt 34pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">The</span><span class="font19"> question of adapting foreign </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">nameB</span><span class="font19"> to Chinese calls for special consideration. In the People<sup>1</sup>s Republic the policy is to assign. Chinese phonetic equivalents to foreign names. These approximations are often not as close phonetically as they might &quot;be</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19"> since the choice of appropriate written characters may ì&gt;ring in nonphonetic considerations. (An attempt is usually maáe when transliterating to use characters with attractive meanings•) For the most part<sub>9</sub> the resulting names do not at all resemble Chinese names. For example, the official version of ”David Andersonis Dàiwĕi Āndĕsēn.</span></p>
    388. 

  388. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 34pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">An older approach, still in use outside the PRC, is to construct a valid Chinese name that suggests the foreign name phonetically. For </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">exaxsple </span><span class="font19" style="font-style:italic;"><sub>9</span><span class="font19"></sub> ”David Anderson&quot; might be An Dàwèi.</span></p>
    389. 

  389. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 34pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Sometimes, when a foreign surname has the same meaning as a Chinese surname, semantic suggestiveness is chosen over phonetic suggestiveness.</span></p>
    390. 

  390. <p style="padding:0pt 17pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">For example, Wang, a common Chinese surname, means &quot;king,<sup>,f</sup> so &quot;Daniel King” might be rendered Wang Dănìăn.</span></p>
    391. 

  391. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 34pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Students in this course will *be given &quot;both the official PRC phonetic equivalents of their names and Chinese-style names.</span></p>
    392. 

  392. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 9pt;"><a name="bookmark76"></a><span class="font4" style="font-weight:bold;">MODULE 1: ORIENTATION</span></p>
    393. 

  393. <p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:24pt 15pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">The Orientation Module and associated resource modules provide the linguistic tools needed to begin the study of Chinese, The materials also introduce the teaching procedures used in this course.</span></p>
    394. 

  394. <p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:9pt 15pt 57pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">The Orientation Module is not a typical course module in several respects* First, it does not have a situational topic of its own, but rather leads into the situational topic of the following module—Biographic Information. Second, it teaches only a little Chinese grammar and vocabulary. Third, two of the associated resource modules (Pronunciation and Romeuiiza-tion, Numbers) are not optional; together with the Orientation Module, they are prerequisite to the rest of the course•</span></p>
    395. 

  395. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:57pt 0pt 24pt 29pt;"><a name="bookmark39"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">OBJECTIVES</span></p>
    396. 

  396. <p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:24pt 15pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">Upon successful completion of this module and the two associated resource modules, the student should</span></p>
    397. 

  397. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 29pt 9pt 29pt;"><span class="font19">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Distinguish the sounds and tones of Chinese well enough to he able to write the Hănyŭ Pĭnyĭn romanization for a syllable after hearing the syllable.</span></p>
    398. 

  398. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 29pt 9pt 29pt;"><span class="font19">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Be able to pronounce any combination of sounds found in the words of the Target Lists vhen given a romanized syllable to read. (Although the entire sound system of Chinese is introduced in the module, the student is responsible for producing only sounds used in the Target Sentences for ORN. Producing the remaining sounds is included in the Objectives for Biographic Information,)</span></p>
    399. 

  399. <p style="padding:9pt 15pt 9pt 29pt;"><span class="font19">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Khov the names and locations of five cities and five provinces of China veil enough to point out their locations on a map, and pronounce the names well enough to be understood by a Chinese.</span></p>
    400. 

  400. <p style="padding:9pt 15pt 9pt 29pt;"><span class="font19">U. Comprehend the numbers 1 through 99 veil enough to write them dovn when dictated, and be able to say them in Chinese when given English equivalents•</span></p>
    401. 

  401. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 29pt 9pt 29pt;"><span class="font19">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Understand the Chinese system of using personal names, including the use of titles equivalent to &quot;Mr.,”Mrs.，” &quot;Miss，” and &quot;Comrade.&quot;</span></p>
    402. 

  402. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 0pt 12pt 29pt;"><span class="font19">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Be able to ask and understand questions about where someone is from.</span></p>
    403. 

  403. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;"><span class="font18">了</span><span class="font19">. Be able to ask and understand questions about where someone is.</span></p>
    404. 

  404. <p style="padding:0pt 10pt 12pt 30pt;"><span class="font19">8. Be able to give the English equivalents for all the Chinese expressions in the Target Lists.</span></p>
    405. 

  405. <p style="padding:12pt 10pt 12pt 30pt;"><span class="font19">9- Be </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">able</span><span class="font19"> to say all the Chinese expressions in the Target Lists when cued with English equivalents.*</span></p>
    406. 

  406. <p style="padding:12pt 10pt 81pt 30pt;"><span class="font19">10. Be able to take part in short Chinese conversations, based on the Target Lists, about how he is, who he is, and where he is from.</span></p>
    407. 

  407. <p style="text-align:center;padding:81pt 0pt 33pt 11pt;"><a name="bookmark77"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">TAPES FOR ORN AND ASSOCIATED RESOURCE MODULES</span></p>
    408. 

  408. <table>
    409. 

  409. <tr><td>
    410. 

  410. <p><span class="font19">Orient</span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">at i on</span><span class="font19"> (ORN)</span></p></td></tr>
    411. 

  411. <tr><td>
    412. 

  412. <table border="1">
    413. 

  413. <tr><td>
    414. 

  414. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Unit</span></p></td><td>
    415. 

  415. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">1:</span></p></td><td>
    416. 

  416. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">1</span></p></td><td>
    417. 

  417. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">C-l</span></p></td><td>
    418. 

  418. <p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font19">1 p-l</span></p></td><td>
    419. 

  419. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"></p></td><td>
    420. 

  420. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"></p></td><td>
    421. 

  421. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"></p></td></tr>
    422. 

  422. <tr><td>
    423. 

  423. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
    424. 

  424. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"></p></td><td>
    425. 

  425. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"></p></td><td>
    426. 

  426. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"></p></td><td>
    427. 

  427. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"></p></td><td>
    428. 

  428. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">1&amp;2 D-l</span></p></td><td>
    429. 

  429. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"></p></td><td>
    430. 

  430. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"></p></td></tr>
    431. 

  431. <tr><td>
    432. 

  432. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Unit</span></p></td><td>
    433. 

  433. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">2:</span></p></td><td>
    434. 

  434. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">2</span></p></td><td>
    435. 

  435. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">C—1</span></p></td><td>
    436. 

  436. <p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font19">2 P-l</span></p></td><td>
    437. 

  437. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"></p></td><td>
    438. 

  438. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"></p></td><td>
    439. 

  439. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"></p></td></tr>
    440. 

  440. <tr><td>
    441. 

  441. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Unit</span></p></td><td>
    442. 

  442. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">3</span><span class="font26">：</span></p></td><td>
    443. 

  443. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">3</span></p></td><td>
    444. 

  444. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">C-l</span></p></td><td>
    445. 

  445. <p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font19">3 P-l</span></p></td><td>
    446. 

  446. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">3 D-l</span></p></td><td>
    447. 

  447. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">3 C-2</span></p></td><td>
    448. 

  448. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">3 P-2</span></p></td></tr>
    449. 

  449. <tr><td>
    450. 

  450. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Unit</span></p></td><td>
    451. 

  451. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">U:</span></p></td><td>
    452. 

  452. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k</span></p></td><td>
    453. 

  453. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">C-l</span></p></td><td>
    454. 

  454. <p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k</span><span class="font19"> P-l</span></p></td><td>
    455. 

  455. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k</span><span class="font19"> D-l</span></p></td><td>
    456. 

  456. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k</span><span class="font19"> C-2</span></p></td><td>
    457. 

  457. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k</span><span class="font19"> P-2</span></p></td></tr>
    458. 

  458. </table></td></tr>
    459. 

  459. </table>
    460. 

  460. <p style="padding:33pt 0pt 12pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Pronvinciation </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">aná</span><span class="font19"> Romanization &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">(P&amp;R)</span></p>
    461. 

  461. <p style="padding:12pt 10pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">P&amp;R 1 P&amp;R 2 P&amp;R 3 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;P&amp;R U P&amp;R 5 P&amp;R 6 </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nuníbers</span><span class="font19"> (NUM)</span></p>
    462. 

  462. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 33pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">NUM 1 NUM 2 NUM 3 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;NUM </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">h</span></p>
    463. 

  463. <p style="padding:33pt 0pt 12pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Classroom Expressions </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">(CE)</span></p>
    464. 

  464. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 90pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">CE 1</span></p>
    465. 

  465. <p style="text-align:center;padding:90pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">IT</span></p>
    466. 

  466. <table border="1">
    467. 

  467. <tr><td>
    468. 

  468. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
    469. 

  469. <p><span class="font19">L.</span></p></td><td>
    470. 

  470. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    471. 

  471. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    472. 

  472. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">Who are you?</span></p></td></tr>
    473. 

  473. <tr><td>
    474. 

  474. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
    475. 

  475. <p></p></td><td>
    476. 

  476. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    477. 

  477. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">W5 shi Vang Dànián.</span></p></td><td>
    478. 

  478. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">I am Wang Dànián (Daniel King).</span></p></td></tr>
    479. 

  479. <tr><td>
    480. 

  480. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
    481. 

  481. <p></p></td><td>
    482. 

  482. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    483. 

  483. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">W5 shi Hŭ Mĕilíng.</span></p></td><td>
    484. 

  484. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">I am Hu Mailing.</span></p></td></tr>
    485. 

  485. <tr><td>
    486. 

  486. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font16">.</span></p></td><td>
    487. 

  487. <p><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    488. 

  488. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    489. 

  489. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ xìng shenme?</span></p></td><td>
    490. 

  490. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">What is. your surname?</span></p></td></tr>
    491. 

  491. <tr><td>
    492. 

  492. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
    493. 

  493. <p></p></td><td>
    494. 

  494. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    495. 

  495. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">W5 xìng Wang.</span></p></td><td>
    496. 

  496. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">My surname is Wang (King).</span></p></td></tr>
    497. 

  497. <tr><td>
    498. 

  498. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
    499. 

  499. <p></p></td><td>
    500. 

  500. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    501. 

  501. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">W5 xìng Hu.</span></p></td><td>
    502. 

  502. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">My surname is Hú.</span></p></td></tr>
    503. 

  503. <tr><td>
    504. 

  504. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
    505. 

  505. <p><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    506. 

  506. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    507. 

  507. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    508. 

  508. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">Who is he/she?</span></p></td></tr>
    509. 

  509. <tr><td>
    510. 

  510. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
    511. 

  511. <p></p></td><td>
    512. 

  512. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    513. 

  513. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi MS Mínglĭ.</span></p></td><td>
    514. 

  514. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">He is Ma Mínglí.</span></p></td></tr>
    515. 

  515. <tr><td>
    516. 

  516. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
    517. 

  517. <p></p></td><td>
    518. 

  518. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    519. 

  519. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi MS Xiānsheng.</span></p></td><td>
    520. 

  520. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">He is Mr. Ma.</span></p></td></tr>
    521. 

  521. <tr><td>
    522. 

  522. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
    523. 

  523. <p></p></td><td>
    524. 

  524. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B</span><span class="font26">：</span></p></td><td>
    525. 

  525. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi MS Tàitai.</span></p></td><td>
    526. 

  526. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">She is Mrs. Ma.</span></p></td></tr>
    527. 

  527. <tr><td>
    528. 

  528. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
    529. 

  529. <p></p></td><td>
    530. 

  530. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    531. 

  531. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Ma Xiăoji?-</span></p></td><td>
    532. 

  532. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">She is Miss Mă.</span></p></td></tr>
    533. 

  533. <tr><td>
    534. 

  534. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
    535. 

  535. <p></p></td><td>
    536. 

  536. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    537. 

  537. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi MS TSngzhì•</span></p></td><td>
    538. 

  538. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">He/she is Comrade Ma.</span></p></td></tr>
    539. 

  539. <tr><td colspan="2">
    540. 

  540. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">h.</span></p></td><td>
    541. 

  541. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    542. 

  542. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Wang Xiānsheng, tā shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    543. 

  543. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">Mr. Wang, who is he?</span></p></td></tr>
    544. 

  544. <tr><td colspan="2">
    545. 

  545. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    546. 

  546. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    547. 

  547. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Ma Mínglĭ Xiānsheng.</span></p></td><td>
    548. 

  548. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">He is Mr. Ma MÍnglĭ.</span></p></td></tr>
    549. 

  549. <tr><td colspan="2">
    550. 

  550. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    551. 

  551. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    552. 

  552. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Xiānsheng, tā shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    553. 

  553. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">Sir, vho is she?</span></p></td></tr>
    554. 

  554. <tr><td colspan="2">
    555. 

  555. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    556. 

  556. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    557. 

  557. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Ma Mínglĭ Tàitai.</span></p></td><td>
    558. 

  558. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">She is Mrs. Ma Mínglĭ.</span></p></td></tr>
    559. 

  559. <tr><td colspan="2">
    560. 

  560. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    561. 

  561. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    562. 

  562. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Tŏngzhĭ, ta shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    563. 

  563. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">Comrade, who is she?</span></p></td></tr>
    564. 

  564. <tr><td>
    565. 

  565. <p></p></td><td>
    566. 

  566. <p></p></td><td>
    567. 

  567. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    568. 

  568. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Fang Bad an Tongzhì.</span></p></td><td>
    569. 

  569. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">She is Comrade Fang Băolán.</span></p></td></tr>
    570. 

  570. </table>
    571. 

  571. <p style="padding:78pt 0pt 9pt 170pt;"><a name="bookmark78"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">UNIT 2 TARGET LIST</span></p>
    572. 

  572. <table border="1">
    573. 

  573. <tr><td>
    574. 

  574. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    575. 

  575. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    576. 

  576. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi V^Lng Xiānsheng ma?</span></p></td><td>
    577. 

  577. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">Are you Mr. Wang?</span></p></td></tr>
    578. 

  578. <tr><td>
    579. 

  579. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"></p></td><td>
    580. 

  580. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    581. 

  581. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">W5 shi Wang Dànián.</span></p></td><td>
    582. 

  582. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">I am Wang Dàniăn.</span></p></td></tr>
    583. 

  583. <tr><td>
    584. 

  584. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"></p></td><td>
    585. 

  585. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    586. 

  586. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Wo ì&gt;ŭ shi Wang Xiānsheng.</span></p></td><td>
    587. 

  587. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">I'm not Mr. Wang.</span></p></td></tr>
    588. 

  588. <tr><td>
    589. 

  589. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    590. 

  590. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    591. 

  591. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ xìng Wăng ma?</span></p></td><td>
    592. 

  592. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">Is your surname Wang?</span></p></td></tr>
    593. 

  593. <tr><td>
    594. 

  594. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"></p></td><td>
    595. 

  595. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    596. 

  596. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Wo xìng Wang.</span></p></td><td>
    597. 

  597. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">My surname is Wang,</span></p></td></tr>
    598. 

  598. <tr><td>
    599. 

  599. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"></p></td><td>
    600. 

  600. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    601. 

  601. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Wo bŭ xìng Wang.</span></p></td><td>
    602. 

  602. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">My surname isn't Wang,</span></p></td></tr>
    603. 

  603. </table>
    604. 

  604. <table border="1">
    605. 

  605. <tr><td>
    606. 

  606. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    607. 

  607. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    608. 

  608. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">NÍn guìxìng?</span></p></td><td>
    609. 

  609. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 51pt;"><span class="font19">Your surname? (POLITE)</span></p></td></tr>
    610. 

  610. <tr><td>
    611. 

  611. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    612. 

  612. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    613. 

  613. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Wo xìng Wang.</span></p></td><td>
    614. 

  614. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 51pt;"><span class="font19">My surname is Vang.</span></p></td></tr>
    615. 

  615. <tr><td>
    616. 

  616. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">U.</span></p></td><td>
    617. 

  617. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    618. 

  618. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ Jiào shĕnme?</span></p></td><td>
    619. 

  619. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 51pt;"><span class="font19">What is your given name?</span></p></td></tr>
    620. 

  620. <tr><td>
    621. 

  621. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    622. 

  622. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    623. 

  623. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Wo Jiào Danìăn.</span></p></td><td>
    624. 

  624. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 51pt;"><span class="font19">My given name is Dànìăn (Daniel)</span></p></td></tr>
    625. 

  625. <tr><td>
    626. 

  626. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    627. 

  627. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    628. 

  628. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ hăo a?</span></p></td><td>
    629. 

  629. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 51pt;"><span class="font19">How are you?</span></p></td></tr>
    630. 

  630. <tr><td>
    631. 

  631. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    632. 

  632. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    633. 

  633. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Wo hăo. Nĭ ne?</span></p></td><td>
    634. 

  634. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 51pt;"><span class="font19">I<sup>f</sup>m fine. And you?</span></p></td></tr>
    635. 

  635. <tr><td>
    636. 

  636. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    637. 

  637. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    638. 

  638. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Hăo. Xièxie.</span></p></td><td>
    639. 

  639. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 51pt;"><span class="font19">Fine, thank you.</span></p></td></tr>
    640. 

  640. </table>
    641. 

  641. <p style="padding:33pt 143pt 9pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-l tapes)</span></p>
    642. 

  642. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 84pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">6. míngzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;given name</span></p>
    643. 

  643. <p style="padding:84pt 0pt 9pt 169pt;"><a name="bookmark79"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">UNIT 3 TARGET LIST</span></p>
    644. 

  644. <table border="1">
    645. 

  645. <tr><td>
    646. 

  646. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    647. 

  647. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    648. 

  648. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi MSiguo rĕn ma?</span></p></td><td>
    649. 

  649. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">Are you an American?</span></p></td></tr>
    650. 

  650. <tr><td>
    651. 

  651. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"></p></td><td>
    652. 

  652. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    653. 

  653. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Shì.</span></p></td><td>
    654. 

  654. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">Yes (I am).</span></p></td></tr>
    655. 

  655. <tr><td>
    656. 

  656. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"></p></td><td>
    657. 

  657. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    658. 

  658. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Bú shi.</span></p></td><td>
    659. 

  659. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">No (I，m not).</span></p></td></tr>
    660. 

  660. <tr><td>
    661. 

  661. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    662. 

  662. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    663. 

  663. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi Zhōngguo rĕn ma?</span></p></td><td>
    664. 

  664. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">Are you Chinese?</span></p></td></tr>
    665. 

  665. <tr><td>
    666. 

  666. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"></p></td><td>
    667. 

  667. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    668. 

  668. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Shì</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19"> wS shi Zhōngguo rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    669. 

  669. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">Yes, I<sup>f</sup>m Chinese.</span></p></td></tr>
    670. 

  670. <tr><td>
    671. 

  671. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"></p></td><td>
    672. 

  672. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    673. 

  673. <p style="padding:0pt 18pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Bú shi, wo bú shi Zhōngguo rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    674. 

  674. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">No</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19"> I<sup>f</sup>m not Chinese.</span></p></td></tr>
    675. 

  675. <tr><td>
    676. 

  676. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    677. 

  677. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    678. 

  678. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi nSiguo rĕn?</span></p></td><td>
    679. 

  679. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">What <sup>f</sup>s your nationality?</span></p></td></tr>
    680. 

  680. <tr><td>
    681. 

  681. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"></p></td><td>
    682. 

  682. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    683. 

  683. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">WS shi MSiguo rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    684. 

  684. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">I'm an American*</span></p></td></tr>
    685. 

  685. <tr><td>
    686. 

  686. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"></p></td><td>
    687. 

  687. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    688. 

  688. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">W5 shi Zhōngguo rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    689. 

  689. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">I'm Chinese.</span></p></td></tr>
    690. 

  690. <tr><td>
    691. 

  691. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"></p></td><td>
    692. 

  692. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    693. 

  693. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">W5 shi Yĭngguo rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    694. 

  694. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">I,m English.</span></p></td></tr>
    695. 

  695. <tr><td>
    696. 

  696. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
    697. 

  697. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    698. 

  698. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi nărde rĕn?</span></p></td><td>
    699. 

  699. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">Where are you from?</span></p></td></tr>
    700. 

  700. <tr><td>
    701. 

  701. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"></p></td><td>
    702. 

  702. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    703. 

  703. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">W5 shi Jiāzhōu rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    704. 

  704. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 76pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">I<sup>f</sup>m a Californian.</span></p></td></tr>
    705. 

  705. <tr><td>
    706. 

  706. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"></p></td><td>
    707. 

  707. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    708. 

  708. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Wo shi Shanghai rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    709. 

  709. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 76pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">from Shanghai.</span></p></td></tr>
    710. 

  710. </table>
    711. 

  711. <p style="padding:0pt 276pt 12pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-l tapes)</span></p>
    712. 

  712. <table border="1">
    713. 

  713. <tr><td>
    714. 

  714. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    715. 

  715. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Dĕguo</span></p></td><td>
    716. 

  716. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Germany</span></p></td></tr>
    717. 

  717. <tr><td>
    718. 

  718. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    719. 

  719. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Eguo (Eguo)</span></p></td><td>
    720. 

  720. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Russia</span></p></td></tr>
    721. 

  721. <tr><td>
    722. 

  722. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">7.</span></p></td><td>
    723. 

  723. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Fàjguo (Făguo)</span></p></td><td>
    724. 

  724. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">France</span></p></td></tr>
    725. 

  725. <tr><td>
    726. 

  726. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">8.</span></p></td><td>
    727. 

  727. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Rìb?n</span></p></td><td>
    728. 

  728. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 13pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Japan</span></p></td></tr>
    729. 

  729. </table>
    730. 

  730. <p style="padding:81pt 0pt 18pt 163pt;"><a name="bookmark80"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">UNIT 4 TARGET LIST</span></p>
    731. 

  731. <table border="1">
    732. 

  732. <tr><td>
    733. 

  733. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    734. 

  734. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    735. 

  735. <p style="padding:0pt 25pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Ándĕsĕn Xiānsheng, nĭ shi nărde rĕn?</span></p></td><td>
    736. 

  736. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">Where are you from, Mr. Anderson?</span></p></td></tr>
    737. 

  737. <tr><td>
    738. 

  738. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td>
    739. 

  739. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B;</span></p></td><td>
    740. 

  740. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Wo shi Dĕzhōu rén.</span></p></td><td>
    741. 

  741. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">I'm from Texas.</span></p></td></tr>
    742. 

  742. <tr><td>
    743. 

  743. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td>
    744. 

  744. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    745. 

  745. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Ăndĕsēn Fūren ne?</span></p></td><td>
    746. 

  746. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">And Mrs. Anderson?</span></p></td></tr>
    747. 

  747. <tr><td>
    748. 

  748. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td>
    749. 

  749. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    750. 

  750. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Tā yĕ shi Dĕzhōu rén.</span></p></td><td>
    751. 

  751. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">She is from Texas too.</span></p></td></tr>
    752. 

  752. <tr><td>
    753. 

  753. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    754. 

  754. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    755. 

  755. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi YIngguo rĕn ma?</span></p></td><td>
    756. 

  756. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">Is he English?</span></p></td></tr>
    757. 

  757. <tr><td>
    758. 

  758. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td>
    759. 

  759. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    760. 

  760. <p style="padding:0pt 25pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Bŭ shi, tā bŭ shi Yĭngguo rln.</span></p></td><td>
    761. 

  761. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">No, he is not English.</span></p></td></tr>
    762. 

  762. <tr><td>
    763. 

  763. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td>
    764. 

  764. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    765. 

  765. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Tā àiren ne?</span></p></td><td>
    766. 

  766. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">And his vife?</span></p></td></tr>
    767. 

  767. <tr><td>
    768. 

  768. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td>
    769. 

  769. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    770. 

  770. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Tā yĕ bú shi YIngguo rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    771. 

  771. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">She isn<sup>T</sup>t English either.</span></p></td></tr>
    772. 

  772. <tr><td>
    773. 

  773. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    774. 

  774. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    775. 

  775. <p style="padding:0pt 25pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Qĭngwèn</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19"> nĭ lăojiā zài năr?</span></p></td><td>
    776. 

  776. <p style="padding:0pt 68pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font19">May I ask, where is your family from?</span></p></td></tr>
    777. 

  777. <tr><td>
    778. 

  778. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td>
    779. 

  779. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    780. 

  780. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">WS lăojia zài Shandong.</span></p></td><td>
    781. 

  781. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">My family is from Shandong-</span></p></td></tr>
    782. 

  782. <tr><td>
    783. 

  783. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">b.</span></p></td><td>
    784. 

  784. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    785. 

  785. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Qĭngdao zài zhèr ma?</span></p></td><td>
    786. 

  786. <p style="padding:0pt 68pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font19">Is Qĭngdăo here? (pointing to a map)</span></p></td></tr>
    787. 

  787. <tr><td>
    788. 

  788. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td>
    789. 

  789. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    790. 

  790. <p style="padding:0pt 25pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Qĭngdăo bú zài nàr, zài zhèr.</span></p></td><td>
    791. 

  791. <p style="padding:0pt 68pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font19">Qĭngdăo isn’t there; it’s </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">Y.eve. ■ </span><span class="font19">(pointing to a nap;</span></p></td></tr>
    792. 

  792. <tr><td>
    793. 

  793. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    794. 

  794. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p>
    795. 

  795. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    796. 

  796. <p style="padding:0pt 25pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ àiren xiànzài zài năr? Tā xiànzài zài Jiānádà,</span></p></td><td>
    797. 

  797. <p style="padding:0pt 68pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">Where is your spouse now? He/she is in Canada nov.</span></p></td></tr>
    798. 

  798. </table>
    799. 

  799. <p style="padding:0pt 200pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-l tapes)</span></p>
    800. 

  800. <p style="padding:9pt 11pt 144pt 35pt;"><span class="font19">6. Learn the pronunciation and .location of any five cities and five provinces of China found on the maps on pages 90-8l.</span></p><img src="0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText_files/0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText-6.png" style="width:261pt;height:204pt;"/>
    801. 

  801. <p style="padding:9pt 200pt 0pt 92pt;"><span class="font19">On a Bĕijĭng street (courtesy of Pat Fox)</span></p>
    802. 

  802. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 36pt 22pt;"><a name="bookmark81"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">UNIT 1</span></p>
    803. 

  803. <p style="text-align:center;padding:36pt 0pt 21pt 22pt;"><a name="bookmark14"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">INTRODUCTION</span></p>
    804. 

  804. <p style="padding:21pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Topics Covered in This Unit</span></p>
    805. 

  805. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Questions and answers about full names and surnames.</span></p>
    806. 

  806. <p style="padding:6pt 0pt 36pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Titles and terms of address (&quot;Mr.,” &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;etc.).</span></p>
    807. 

  807. <p style="padding:36pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Preredulsites</span><span class="font19"> to the Unit</span></p>
    808. 

  808. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">(Be sure to complete these &quot;before starting the unit.)</span></p>
    809. 

  809. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">1• Background Notes•</span></p>
    810. 

  810. <p style="padding:6pt 0pt 6pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;P&amp;R 1 (Tape 1 of the resource module on Pronunciation and Romanization),</span></p>
    811. 

  811. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:29pt;padding:6pt 0pt 6pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">the tones.</span></p>
    812. 

  812. <p style="padding:6pt 0pt 6pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;P&amp;R 2 (Tape 2 of the resource module on Pronunciation and Romanization),</span></p>
    813. 

  813. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:29pt;padding:6pt 0pt 36pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">the tones.</span></p>
    814. 

  814. <p style="padding:36pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Materials You Will Need</span></p>
    815. 

  815. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The C-l and P-l tapes<sub>9</sub> the Reference List and Reference Notes.</span></p>
    816. 

  816. <p style="padding:6pt 0pt 36pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The drill tape (lD-l)*</span></p>
    817. 

  817. <p style="padding:36pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">About the </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">C-l</span><span class="font19"> and P-l Tapes</span></p>
    818. 

  818. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:29pt;padding:12pt 36pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">The C-l and P-l tapes are your introduction to the Chinese words and structures presented in each unit. The tapes give you explanations and practice on the nev material. By the time you have worked through these two tapes, you will be competent in understanding and producing the expressions introduced in the unit.</span></p>
    819. 

  819. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:29pt;padding:12pt 36pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">With the C-l tape, you learn to understand the new vords and structures. The material is presented in short conversational exchanges, first with English translations and later with pauses which allow you to translate. Try to give a complete English translation for each Chinese expression. Your goal when using the C-l tape is to learn the meanings of all the words and structures as they are used in the sentences.</span></p>
    820. 

  820. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 38pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">With the P-l tape, you learn to put together these sentences. You learn to pronounce each nev word and use each new structure. When the recorded instructions direct you to pronounce a word or say a sentence, do so out loud. It is important fo</span><span class="font26">矿</span><span class="font19"> you to hear yourself speaking Chinese, so that you vill know whether you are pronouncing the vords correctly. Making the effort to say the expression is a big part of learning it •</span></p>
    821. 

  821. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">It is one thing to think aTxmt how a sentence should be put together or how it should sound. It is another thing to put it together that way or make it sound that way. Your goal when using the P-l tape is to produce the Target List expressions in Chinese when given English equivalents.</span></p>
    822. 

  822. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">At the end of each P-l tape is a review of the Target List which you can go over until you have mastered the expressions.</span></p>
    823. 

  823. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 19pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">At times, you may feel that the material on a tape is 'being presented too fast. You may find that there is not enough time allowed for vorking out the meaning of a sentence or saying a sentence the way you want to.</span></p>
    824. 

  824. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 33pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">When this happens, stop the tape. If you want to, rewind</span><span class="font26">；</span><span class="font19"> Use the control buttons on your machine to make the tape manageable for you most out of it.</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
    825. 

  825. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">and to get the</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
    826. 

  826. <p style="padding:33pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">About the Reference List and the Reference Notes</span></p>
    827. 

  827. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 38pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">The Reference List and the Reference Notes are designed to be used before, during, or directly after vork with the C-l and P-l tapes•</span></p>
    828. 

  828. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 19pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">The Reference List is a summary of the C-l and P-l tapes. It contains all sentences vhich introduce new material, shoving you both the Chinese sentences written in romanization and their English equivalents. You will find that the list is printed so that either the Chinese or the English can *be covered to allow you to test yourself on comprehension</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"><sub>9</span><span class="font19"></sub> production, or romanization of the sentences*</span></p>
    829. 

  829. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 19pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">The Reference Notes give you information about grammar, pronunciation, and cultural usage. Some of these explanations duplicate vhat you hear on the C-l and P-l tapes• Other explanations contain nev information.</span></p>
    830. 

  830. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">You may use the Reference List and Reference Notes in various vays.</span></p>
    831. 

  831. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">For example</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19"> you may follow the Reference Notes as you listen to a tape, glancing at an exchange or stopping to read a comment whenever you want to. Or you may look through the Reference Notes before listening to a tape, and then use the Reference List while you listen, to help you keep track of where you are. Whichever way you decide to use these parts of a unit, remember that they are reference materials. Don't rely on the translations and romanizations as subtitles for the C-l tape or as cue cards for the P-l tape, for this would rob you of your chance to develop listening and responding skills.</span></p>
    832. 

  832. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">About the Drills</span></p>
    833. 

  833. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 19pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">The drills help you develop fluency, ease of response, and confidence. You can go through the drills on your own, vith the drill tapes, and the teacher may take you through them in class as well.</span></p>
    834. 

  834. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 19pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Allow more than half an hour for a half-hour drill tape, since you will usually need to go over all or parts of the tape more than once to get full benefit from it.</span></p>
    835. 

  835. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 19pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">The drills include many personal names, providing you vith valuable pronunciation practice. However, if you find the names more than you can handle the first time through the tape, replace them vith the pronoun ta whenever possible• Similar substitutions are often possible with place names.</span></p>
    836. 

  836. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 19pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Some of the drills involve sentences which you may find too long to understand or produce on your first try, and you will need to rewind for another try. Often, particularly the first time through a tape, you vill find the pauses too short, and you will need to stop the tape to give yourself more time. The performance you should aim for with these tapes, however, is full comprehension and full, fluent, and accurate production vhile the tape rolls.</span></p>
    837. 

  837. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">The five basic types of drills are described below.</span></p>
    838. 

  838. <p style="padding:12pt 19pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Substitution Drills: The teacher (T) gives a pattern sentence which the student (S) repeats• Then the teacher gives a word or phrase (a cue) which the student substitutes appropriately in the original sentence.</span></p>
    839. 

  839. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">The teacher follows immediately with a new cue.</span></p>
    840. 

  840. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Here is an English example of a substitution drill</span><span class="font26">：</span></p>
    841. 

  841. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 54pt;"><span class="font19">T: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are you an American?</span></p>
    842. 

  842. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt;"><span class="font19">S: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are you an American?</span></p>
    843. 

  843. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt;"><span class="font19">T: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(cue) English</span></p>
    844. 

  844. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt;"><span class="font19">S: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are you English?</span></p>
    845. 

  845. <p style="padding:0pt 210pt 9pt 54pt;"><span class="font19">T: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(cue) French S: Are you French?</span></p>
    846. 

  846. <p style="padding:9pt 19pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Transformation Drills: On the basis of a model provided at the beginning of the drill, the student makes a certain change in each sentence the teacher says.</span></p>
    847. 

  847. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 19pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Here is an English example of a transformation drill, in which the student is changing affirmative sentences into negative ones: '</span></p>
    848. 

  848. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 54pt;"><span class="font19">T: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>m going to the bank.</span></p>
    849. 

  849. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt;"><span class="font19">S: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>?</sup>m not going to the bank.</span></p>
    850. 

  850. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt;"><span class="font19">T: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I<sup>f</sup>m going to the store.</span></p>
    851. 

  851. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt;"><span class="font19">S: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I*m not going to the store,</span></p>
    852. 

  852. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 21pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">The student adds something to a pattern sentence as cued</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
    853. 

  853. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 11pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Expansion Drills: by the teacher.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
    854. 

  854. <p><span class="font19">■beginning of the the teacher as cued</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
    855. 

  855. <p style="text-align:justify;"><span class="font19">of a model given at the questions or remarks by</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
    856. 

  856. <p style="text-align:justify;"><span class="font19">Response Drills: On the basis drill, the student responds to by the teacher.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
    857. 

  857. <table>
    858. 

  858. <tr><td>
    859. 

  859. <p><span class="font19">Here is an English example of a response drill:</span></p></td></tr>
    860. 

  860. <tr><td>
    861. 

  861. <table border="1">
    862. 

  862. <tr><td>
    863. 

  863. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">T:</span></p></td><td>
    864. 

  864. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">What is his name? (cue) Harris</span></p></td></tr>
    865. 

  865. <tr><td>
    866. 

  866. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">S:</span></p></td><td>
    867. 

  867. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">His name is Harris•</span></p></td></tr>
    868. 

  868. <tr><td>
    869. 

  869. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">T:</span></p></td><td>
    870. 

  870. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">What is her name? (cue) Noss</span></p></td></tr>
    871. 

  871. <tr><td>
    872. 

  872. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">S:</span></p></td><td>
    873. 

  873. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Her name is Noss.</span></p></td></tr>
    874. 

  874. </table></td></tr>
    875. 

  875. </table></div><br clear="all"/>
    876. 

  876. <table>
    877. 

  877. <tr><td>
    878. 

  878. <p><span class="font19">Here is an English example of an expansion drill:</span></p></td></tr>
    879. 

  879. <tr><td>
    880. 

  880. <table border="1">
    881. 

  881. <tr><td>
    882. 

  882. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">T:</span></p></td><td>
    883. 

  883. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">He isn<sup>f</sup>t Chinese,</span></p></td><td>
    884. 

  884. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">(cue) Japanese</span></p></td></tr>
    885. 

  885. <tr><td>
    886. 

  886. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">S:</span></p></td><td>
    887. 

  887. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">He isn<sup>f</sup>t Chinese.</span></p></td><td>
    888. 

  888. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">He's Japanese.</span></p></td></tr>
    889. 

  889. <tr><td>
    890. 

  890. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">T:</span></p></td><td>
    891. 

  891. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">She isn,t German.</span></p></td><td>
    892. 

  892. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">(cue) French</span></p></td></tr>
    893. 

  893. <tr><td>
    894. 

  894. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">S:</span></p></td><td>
    895. 

  895. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">She isn，t German.</span></p></td><td>
    896. 

  896. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">She<sup>1</sup>s French.</span></p></td></tr>
    897. 

  897. </table></td></tr>
    898. 

  898. </table>
    899. 

  899. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:3pt 15pt 9pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Combination Drills: On the basis of a model given at the 'beginning of the drill, the student combines two phrases or sentences given &quot;by the teacher into a single utterance.</span></p>
    900. 

  900. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 29pt;"><span class="font19">Here is an English exaiople of a com'bination drill:</span></p>
    901. 

  901. <table border="1">
    902. 

  902. <tr><td>
    903. 

  903. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">T:</span></p></td><td>
    904. 

  904. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">I am reading a *book. John gave me the *book.</span></p></td></tr>
    905. 

  905. <tr><td>
    906. 

  906. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">S:</span></p></td><td>
    907. 

  907. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">I am reading a book which John gave me.</span></p></td></tr>
    908. 

  908. <tr><td>
    909. 

  909. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">T:</span></p></td><td>
    910. 

  910. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Mary &quot;bought a picture. I like the picture.</span></p></td></tr>
    911. 

  911. <tr><td>
    912. 

  912. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">S:</span></p></td><td>
    913. 

  913. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Mary &quot;bought a picture which I like.</span></p></td></tr>
    914. 

  914. </table>
    915. 

  915. <table border="1">
    916. 

  916. <tr><td>
    917. 

  917. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    918. 

  918. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    919. 

  919. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">NI shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    920. 

  920. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Who are you?</span></p></td></tr>
    921. 

  921. <tr><td>
    922. 

  922. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"></p></td><td>
    923. 

  923. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">6:</span></p></td><td>
    924. 

  924. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">W8 shi Wăng Dăniăn.</span></p></td><td>
    925. 

  925. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">I am Vang Daniăn.</span></p></td></tr>
    926. 

  926. <tr><td>
    927. 

  927. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">2.</span></p></td><td>
    928. 

  928. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    929. 

  929. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    930. 

  930. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Who are you?</span></p></td></tr>
    931. 

  931. <tr><td>
    932. 

  932. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"></p></td><td>
    933. 

  933. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    934. 

  934. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">W3 shi Hŭ MSilíng.</span></p></td><td>
    935. 

  935. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">I am Hu Mellíng.</span></p></td></tr>
    936. 

  936. <tr><td>
    937. 

  937. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    938. 

  938. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    939. 

  939. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    940. 

  940. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Who is he?</span></p></td></tr>
    941. 

  941. <tr><td>
    942. 

  942. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"></p></td><td>
    943. 

  943. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    944. 

  944. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi MS Mínglĭ.</span></p></td><td>
    945. 

  945. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">He is Ma Mínglĭ.</span></p></td></tr>
    946. 

  946. <tr><td>
    947. 

  947. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">U.</span></p></td><td>
    948. 

  948. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    949. 

  949. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi MS Mínglĭ.</span></p></td><td>
    950. 

  950. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">He is Ma MÍnglĭ.</span></p></td></tr>
    951. 

  951. <tr><td>
    952. 

  952. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"></p></td><td>
    953. 

  953. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    954. 

  954. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Hŭ MSilíng.</span></p></td><td>
    955. 

  955. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">She is Hu Meilíng.</span></p></td></tr>
    956. 

  956. <tr><td>
    957. 

  957. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">5-</span></p></td><td>
    958. 

  958. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    959. 

  959. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ xìng shĕnme?</span></p></td><td>
    960. 

  960. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">What is your surname?</span></p></td></tr>
    961. 

  961. <tr><td>
    962. 

  962. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"></p></td><td>
    963. 

  963. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    964. 

  964. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">W5 xĭng Wăng.</span></p></td><td>
    965. 

  965. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">My* surname Is Wang.</span></p></td></tr>
    966. 

  966. <tr><td>
    967. 

  967. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">6</span><span class="font26">，</span></p></td><td>
    968. 

  968. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    969. 

  969. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xĭng 8hénme?</span></p></td><td>
    970. 

  970. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">What is his surname?</span></p></td></tr>
    971. 

  971. <tr><td>
    972. 

  972. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">7.</span></p></td><td>
    973. 

  973. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p>
    974. 

  974. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 9pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p>
    975. 

  975. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    976. 

  976. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xĭng Ma.</span></p>
    977. 

  977. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi shĕi?</span></p>
    978. 

  978. <p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi MS Xìānsheng.</span></p></td><td>
    979. 

  979. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">His surname is </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">ì&amp;.</span></p>
    980. 

  980. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 9pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Who is he?</span></p>
    981. 

  981. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">He is Mr. Ma«</span></p></td></tr>
    982. 

  982. <tr><td>
    983. 

  983. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">8.</span></p></td><td>
    984. 

  984. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    985. 

  985. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    986. 

  986. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Who is he?</span></p></td></tr>
    987. 

  987. <tr><td>
    988. 

  988. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"></p></td><td>
    989. 

  989. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    990. 

  990. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">V&amp;</span><span class="font19"> Mínglĭ Xìānsheng.</span></p></td><td>
    991. 

  991. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">He is Mr, Ma Mínglĭ</span><span class="font26">。</span></p></td></tr>
    992. 

  992. <tr><td>
    993. 

  993. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">9.</span></p></td><td>
    994. 

  994. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    995. 

  995. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Wang Xiānsheng, tā shi sheì?</span></p></td><td>
    996. 

  996. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Mr. Wăng, vho is he?</span></p></td></tr>
    997. 

  997. <tr><td>
    998. 

  998. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"></p></td><td>
    999. 

  999. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1000. 

  1000. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi M§ Mínglĭ Xiánsheng.</span></p></td><td>
    1001. 

  1001. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">He is Mr. Ma Mínglí.</span></p></td></tr>
    1002. 

  1002. <tr><td>
    1003. 

  1003. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">10.</span></p></td><td>
    1004. 

  1004. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1005. 

  1005. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Xiānsheng, tā shi shĕì?</span></p></td><td>
    1006. 

  1006. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Sir, who is he?</span></p></td></tr>
    1007. 

  1007. <tr><td>
    1008. 

  1008. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"></p></td><td>
    1009. 

  1009. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B</span><span class="font26">：</span></p></td><td>
    1010. 

  1010. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Mă Xìansheng.</span></p></td><td>
    1011. 

  1011. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">He is Mr. Ma.</span></p></td></tr>
    1012. 

  1012. <tr><td>
    1013. 

  1013. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">11.</span></p></td><td>
    1014. 

  1014. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1015. 

  1015. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Xiănsheng</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19"> tā shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    1016. 

  1016. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Sir, who is she?</span></p></td></tr>
    1017. 

  1017. <tr><td>
    1018. 

  1018. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"></p></td><td>
    1019. 

  1019. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1020. 

  1020. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Mă Tàitai.</span></p></td><td>
    1021. 

  1021. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">She is Mrs</span><span class="font26">。</span><span class="font19"> Ma«</span></p></td></tr>
    1022. 

  1022. <tr><td>
    1023. 

  1023. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">12.</span></p></td><td>
    1024. 

  1024. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1025. 

  1025. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">V^big Xiānsheng, tā shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    1026. 

  1026. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Mr. Wáng, who is she?</span></p></td></tr>
    1027. 

  1027. <tr><td>
    1028. 

  1028. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"></p></td><td>
    1029. 

  1029. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1030. 

  1030. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi MS Mínglĭ Tàitai.</span></p></td><td>
    1031. 

  1031. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">She is Mrs. Mă Mínglĭ.</span></p></td></tr>
    1032. 

  1032. <tr><td>
    1033. 

  1033. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font19">13.</span></p></td><td>
    1034. 

  1034. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1035. 

  1035. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Wang Xìānsheng, tā shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    1036. 

  1036. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Mr. Wang, who is she?</span></p></td></tr>
    1037. 

  1037. <tr><td>
    1038. 

  1038. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"></p></td><td>
    1039. 

  1039. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1040. 

  1040. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Mă Xiaojie.</span></p></td><td>
    1041. 

  1041. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">She is Miss Ma.</span></p></td></tr>
    1042. 

  1042. <tr><td>
    1043. 

  1043. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">lh.</span></p></td><td>
    1044. 

  1044. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1045. 

  1045. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    1046. 

  1046. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Who is he?</span></p></td></tr>
    1047. 

  1047. <tr><td>
    1048. 

  1048. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"></p></td><td>
    1049. 

  1049. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1050. 

  1050. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Mă Mínglĭ Tongzhì.</span></p></td><td>
    1051. 

  1051. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">He is Comrade Mă Mínglĭ.</span></p></td></tr>
    1052. 

  1052. </table>
    1053. 

  1053. <table border="1">
    1054. 

  1054. <tr><td>
    1055. 

  1055. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">15.</span></p></td><td>
    1056. 

  1056. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">A</span><span class="font26">：</span></p></td><td>
    1057. 

  1057. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tongzhĭ, tā shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    1058. 

  1058. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">Comrade, who is she?</span></p></td></tr>
    1059. 

  1059. <tr><td>
    1060. 

  1060. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"></p></td><td>
    1061. 

  1061. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1062. 

  1062. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Fang BSolán.</span></p></td><td>
    1063. 

  1063. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">She is Fang Baolán.</span></p></td></tr>
    1064. 

  1064. <tr><td>
    1065. 

  1065. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font13">16</span><span class="font19">.</span></p></td><td>
    1066. 

  1066. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1067. 

  1067. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tongzhì, tā shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    1068. 

  1068. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">Comrade, vho is she?</span></p></td></tr>
    1069. 

  1069. <tr><td>
    1070. 

  1070. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"></p></td><td>
    1071. 

  1071. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1072. 

  1072. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Fang Baolăn Tongzhì.</span></p></td><td>
    1073. 

  1073. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">She is Comrade Fang BSolăn.</span></p></td></tr>
    1074. 

  1074. </table>
    1075. 

  1075. <p style="padding:60pt 0pt 21pt 195pt;"><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">VOCABULARY</span></p>
    1076. 

  1076. <table border="1">
    1077. 

  1077. <tr><td>
    1078. 

  1078. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">nĭ</span></p></td><td>
    1079. 

  1079. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 63pt;"><span class="font19">you</span></p></td></tr>
    1080. 

  1080. <tr><td>
    1081. 

  1081. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">shĕi</span></p></td><td>
    1082. 

  1082. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 63pt;"><span class="font19">who</span></p></td></tr>
    1083. 

  1083. <tr><td>
    1084. 

  1084. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">8hĕnme</span></p></td><td>
    1085. 

  1085. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 63pt;"><span class="font19">vhat</span></p></td></tr>
    1086. 

  1086. <tr><td>
    1087. 

  1087. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">shĭ</span></p></td><td>
    1088. 

  1088. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 63pt;"><span class="font19">to be</span></p></td></tr>
    1089. 

  1089. <tr><td>
    1090. 

  1090. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">tă</span></p></td><td>
    1091. 

  1091. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 63pt;"><span class="font19">he, she</span></p></td></tr>
    1092. 

  1092. <tr><td>
    1093. 

  1093. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">tàitai</span></p></td><td>
    1094. 

  1094. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 63pt;"><span class="font19">Mrs.</span></p></td></tr>
    1095. 

  1095. <tr><td>
    1096. 

  1096. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">t6ngzhì</span></p></td><td>
    1097. 

  1097. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 63pt;"><span class="font19">Comrade</span></p></td></tr>
    1098. 

  1098. <tr><td>
    1099. 

  1099. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">v5</span></p></td><td>
    1100. 

  1100. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 63pt;"><span class="font19">I</span></p></td></tr>
    1101. 

  1101. <tr><td>
    1102. 

  1102. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">xiansheng</span></p></td><td>
    1103. 

  1103. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 63pt;"><span class="font19">Mr.; sir</span></p></td></tr>
    1104. 

  1104. <tr><td>
    1105. 

  1105. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">xiSoJìS (xiaojie)</span></p></td><td>
    1106. 

  1106. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 63pt;"><span class="font19">Miss</span></p></td></tr>
    1107. 

  1107. <tr><td>
    1108. 

  1108. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">xìng</span></p></td><td>
    1109. 

  1109. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 63pt;"><span class="font19">to be surnamed</span></p></td></tr>
    1110. 

  1110. </table>
    1111. 

  1111. <table border="1">
    1112. 

  1112. <tr><td>
    1113. 

  1113. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    1114. 

  1114. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1115. 

  1115. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    1116. 

  1116. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font19">Who are you?</span></p></td></tr>
    1117. 

  1117. <tr><td>
    1118. 

  1118. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"></p></td><td>
    1119. 

  1119. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1120. 

  1120. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">WS shi Wăng Dăniăn.</span></p></td><td>
    1121. 

  1121. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font19">I am V^ng Dàniăn.</span></p></td></tr>
    1122. 

  1122. <tr><td>
    1123. 

  1123. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    1124. 

  1124. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1125. 

  1125. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Hĭ shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    1126. 

  1126. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font19">Who are you?</span></p></td></tr>
    1127. 

  1127. <tr><td>
    1128. 

  1128. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"></p></td><td>
    1129. 

  1129. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1130. 

  1130. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">W5 shi Hú Mĕilíng.</span></p></td><td>
    1131. 

  1131. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font19">I am Hú Mailing.</span></p></td></tr>
    1132. 

  1132. <tr><td>
    1133. 

  1133. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    1134. 

  1134. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1135. 

  1135. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    1136. 

  1136. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font19">Who is he?</span></p></td></tr>
    1137. 

  1137. <tr><td>
    1138. 

  1138. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"></p></td><td>
    1139. 

  1139. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1140. 

  1140. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi MS Mínglĭ.</span></p></td><td>
    1141. 

  1141. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font19">He is Ma Mínglĭ.</span></p></td></tr>
    1142. 

  1142. <tr><td>
    1143. 

  1143. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
    1144. 

  1144. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1145. 

  1145. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi MS. Minglĭ •</span></p></td><td>
    1146. 

  1146. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font19">He is M8. Mínglĭ.</span></p></td></tr>
    1147. 

  1147. <tr><td>
    1148. 

  1148. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"></p></td><td>
    1149. 

  1149. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1150. 

  1150. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Hú Mĕilíng.</span></p></td><td>
    1151. 

  1151. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font19">She is Hú Meilíng.</span></p></td></tr>
    1152. 

  1152. </table>
    1153. 

  1153. <p style="padding:33pt 0pt 9pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Notes on </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nos.</span><span class="font19"> 1-U</span></p>
    1154. 

  1154. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 11pt 9pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">The verb </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">shĭ</span><span class="font19"> means &quot;to be<sup>fl</sup> in the sense of <sup>M</sup>to be someone or something,&quot; as in <sup>M</sup>I am Daniel King•” It expresses identity. (In Unit </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k</span><span class="font19"> you vill learn a verb which means ”to be” in another sense, <sup>íf</sup>to &quot;be somewhere,&quot; as in ”1 am in Bĕijĭng.<sup>11</sup> That verb expresses location.) The vert shĭ is in fche Neutral tone (with no accent mark) except when emphasized.</span></p>
    1155. 

  1155. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 11pt 9pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Unlike verbs in European languages, Chinese verbs do not distinguish first, second, and third persons. A single form serves for all three persons.</span></p>
    1156. 

  1156. <table border="1">
    1157. 

  1157. <tr><td>
    1158. 

  1158. <p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font19">W5</span></p></td><td>
    1159. 

  1159. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">shi</span></p></td><td>
    1160. 

  1160. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Wang Dàniăn.</span></p></td><td>
    1161. 

  1161. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">(I </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">am</span><span class="font19"> Wang Dànián.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1162. 

  1162. <tr><td>
    1163. 

  1163. <p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font19">Nĭ</span></p></td><td>
    1164. 

  1164. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">shi</span></p></td><td>
    1165. 

  1165. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Hu MSilíng.</span></p></td><td>
    1166. 

  1166. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">(You are Hu Mĕilíng.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1167. 

  1167. <tr><td>
    1168. 

  1168. <p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font19">Tā</span></p></td><td>
    1169. 

  1169. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">shi</span></p></td><td>
    1170. 

  1170. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Ma MÍnglĭ.</span></p></td><td>
    1171. 

  1171. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">(He is Mă Mínglĭ.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1172. 

  1172. </table>
    1173. 

  1173. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:21pt 22pt 9pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Later you will find that Chinese verbs do not distinguish singular and plural, either, and that they dò not distinguish past, present, and future as such. You need to learn only one form for each ver*b.</span></p>
    1174. 

  1174. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">The pronoun tā is equivalent to both &quot;he<sup>n</sup> and &quot;she.&quot;</span></p>
    1175. 

  1175. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 11pt 9pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">The question Nĭ shi shĕi? is actually too direct for most situations, although it is all right from teacher to student or from student to student . (A more polite question is introduced in Unit 2.)</span></p>
    1176. 

  1176. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 11pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Unlike English, Chinese uses the same word order in questions as in statements.</span></p>
    1177. 

  1177. <table border="1">
    1178. 

  1178. <tr><td>
    1179. 

  1179. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">Tā</span></p></td><td>
    1180. 

  1180. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">shi</span></p></td><td>
    1181. 

  1181. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font19">shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    1182. 

  1182. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font19">(Who is he?)</span></p></td></tr>
    1183. 

  1183. <tr><td>
    1184. 

  1184. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">Tā</span></p></td><td>
    1185. 

  1185. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">shi</span></p></td><td>
    1186. 

  1186. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font19">Ma MínKlĭ?</span></p></td><td>
    1187. 

  1187. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font19">(He is Ma MínKlĭ.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1188. 

  1188. </table>
    1189. 

  1189. <p style="text-indent:21pt;padding:21pt 11pt 57pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">When you answer a question containing a question vord like shéi. &quot;vho,<sup>1</sup> simply replace the question word with the information it asks for.</span></p>
    1190. 

  1190. <table border="1">
    1191. 

  1191. <tr><td>
    1192. 

  1192. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font22">.</span><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1193. 

  1193. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">NX xĭng shĕnme?</span></p></td><td>
    1194. 

  1194. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 51pt;"><span class="font19">What is your surname?</span></p></td></tr>
    1195. 

  1195. <tr><td>
    1196. 

  1196. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1197. 

  1197. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Wo xìng Wàng.</span></p></td><td>
    1198. 

  1198. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 51pt;"><span class="font19">My surname is Wang.</span></p></td></tr>
    1199. 

  1199. <tr><td>
    1200. 

  1200. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font22">.</span><span class="font19">A</span><span class="font26">：</span></p></td><td>
    1201. 

  1201. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xĭng shĕnme?</span></p></td><td>
    1202. 

  1202. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 51pt;"><span class="font19">What is his surname?</span></p></td></tr>
    1203. 

  1203. <tr><td>
    1204. 

  1204. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1205. 

  1205. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xìng </span><span class="font26">成</span><span class="font19">.</span></p></td><td>
    1206. 

  1206. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 51pt;"><span class="font19">His surname is Ma.</span></p></td></tr>
    1207. 

  1207. </table>
    1208. 

  1208. <p style="padding:33pt 0pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jtotes</span><span class="font19"> on Nos. 5»6</span></p>
    1209. 

  1209. <p style="text-indent:21pt;padding:9pt 21pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">Xing is a verb, ”to be surnamed.<sup>ff</sup> It is in the seune position in the sentence as </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font19">, <sup>,f</sup>to be.<sup>11</sup></span></p>
    1210. 

  1210. <table border="1">
    1211. 

  1211. <tr><td>
    1212. 

  1212. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">yfís</span></p></td><td>
    1213. 

  1213. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">shi</span></p></td><td>
    1214. 

  1214. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 13pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Wăng Dăniăn.</span></p></td></tr>
    1215. 

  1215. <tr><td>
    1216. 

  1216. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">(i</span></p></td><td>
    1217. 

  1217. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">am</span></p></td><td>
    1218. 

  1218. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 13pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">W£ng'Dùxián.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1219. 

  1219. </table>
    1220. 

  1220. <table border="1">
    1221. 

  1221. <tr><td>
    1222. 

  1222. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">WS</span></p></td><td>
    1223. 

  1223. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font19">xìng</span></p></td><td>
    1224. 

  1224. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Wang.</span></p></td></tr>
    1225. 

  1225. <tr><td>
    1226. 

  1226. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">(I</span></p></td><td>
    1227. 

  1227. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font19">am surnamed</span></p></td><td>
    1228. 

  1228. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Wíŭig.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1229. 

  1229. </table>
    1230. 

  1230. <table>
    1231. 

  1231. <tr><td>
    1232. 

  1232. <p style="text-indent:23pt;"><span class="font19">Notice that the question word shénme • <sup>fl</sup>what,<sup>11</sup> takes the same position as the question word sh|i_, &quot;vho •”</span></p></td></tr>
    1233. 

  1233. <tr><td>
    1234. 

  1234. <table border="1">
    1235. 

  1235. <tr><td>
    1236. 

  1236. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ</span></p></td><td>
    1237. 

  1237. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font19">shi</span></p></td><td>
    1238. 

  1238. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">shĕi?</span></p></td></tr>
    1239. 

  1239. <tr><td>
    1240. 

  1240. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">(You</span></p></td><td>
    1241. 

  1241. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font19">are</span></p></td><td>
    1242. 

  1242. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">vho?)</span></p></td></tr>
    1243. 

  1243. </table></td></tr>
    1244. 

  1244. </table>
    1245. 

  1245. <table border="1">
    1246. 

  1246. <tr><td>
    1247. 

  1247. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ</span></p></td><td>
    1248. 

  1248. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font19">xìng</span></p></td><td>
    1249. 

  1249. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 10pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">shĕnme?</span></p></td></tr>
    1250. 

  1250. <tr><td>
    1251. 

  1251. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">(You</span></p></td><td>
    1252. 

  1252. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font19">are surnamed</span></p></td><td>
    1253. 

  1253. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 10pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">vhat?)</span></p></td></tr>
    1254. 

  1254. </table>
    1255. 

  1255. <p style="padding:0pt 13pt 57pt 3pt;"><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shĕnme</span><span class="font19"> is the official spelling. However, the word is pronounced as if it were spelled shàma, or even shĕma (often with a single rise in pitch extending over &quot;both syllablesT~Before another word which begins with a consonant sound, it is usually pronounced as if it vere spelled shem.</span></p>
    1256. 

  1256. <table border="1">
    1257. 

  1257. <tr><td>
    1258. 

  1258. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font22">.</span><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1259. 

  1259. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    1260. 

  1260. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">Who is he?</span></p></td></tr>
    1261. 

  1261. <tr><td>
    1262. 

  1262. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1263. 

  1263. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi MS Xiansheng.</span></p></td><td>
    1264. 

  1264. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">He is Mr. Ma.</span></p></td></tr>
    1265. 

  1265. <tr><td>
    1266. 

  1266. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font22">.</span><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1267. 

  1267. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi 8hĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    1268. 

  1268. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">Who is he?</span></p></td></tr>
    1269. 

  1269. <tr><td>
    1270. 

  1270. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1271. 

  1271. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi MS Mínglĭ Xiansheng.</span></p></td><td>
    1272. 

  1272. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">He is Mr. Ma MÍnglĭ.</span></p></td></tr>
    1273. 

  1273. </table>
    1274. 

  1274. <p style="padding:33pt 0pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes</span><span class="font19"> on Hoa, </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">T-8</span></p>
    1275. 

  1275. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 13pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">After the vert </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font19"> you may have the full name alone, the surname plus title, or the full name plus title.</span></p>
    1276. 

  1276. <table border="1">
    1277. 

  1277. <tr><td>
    1278. 

  1278. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Tā</span></p></td><td>
    1279. 

  1279. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 8pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">shi</span></p></td><td>
    1280. 

  1280. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Ma</span></p></td><td>
    1281. 

  1281. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 20pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Mínglĭ.</span></p></td><td>
    1282. 

  1282. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"></p></td></tr>
    1283. 

  1283. <tr><td>
    1284. 

  1284. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Tā</span></p></td><td>
    1285. 

  1285. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 8pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">shi</span></p></td><td>
    1286. 

  1286. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Ma</span></p></td><td>
    1287. 

  1287. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 42pt;"></p></td><td>
    1288. 

  1288. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">Xiansheng.</span></p></td></tr>
    1289. 

  1289. <tr><td>
    1290. 

  1290. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Tā</span></p></td><td>
    1291. 

  1291. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 8pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">shi</span></p></td><td>
    1292. 

  1292. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Ma</span></p></td><td>
    1293. 

  1293. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 42pt;"><span class="font19">Mínglĭ</span></p></td><td>
    1294. 

  1294. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">Xiansheng.</span></p></td></tr>
    1295. 

  1295. </table>
    1296. 

  1296. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:45pt 13pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">Xiansheng, literally ’’first-born,*<sup>1</sup> has more of a connotation of respectfulness than ”Mr, Xiansheng is usually applied only to people other than oneself. Do not use the title Xiansheng (or any other respectful title, such as Jiàoshòu, &quot;Professor” when giving your own naaie. If you want to say <sup>,T</sup>I am Mr. Jones,” you may say W5 xìng </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jones</span><span class="font19">.</span></p>
    1297. 

  1297. <table cellpadding="5pt">
    1298. 

  1298. <tr>
    1299. 

  1299. <td valign="top" width="35%"></td>
    1300. 

  1300. <td valign="top" width="64%">
    1301. 

  1301. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;"><span class="font19">When a name and title name which gets the heavy the title pronounced with are said together, logically enough it is the stress: WANG Xiansheng, You will often hear</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
    1302. 

  1302. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">oget</span></p>
    1303. 

  1303. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font9">rANG</span></p>
    1304. 

  1304. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">no full tones:</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
    1305. 

  1305. <p style="text-align:justify;"><span class="font19">WĀNG Xiansheng.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
    1306. 

  1306. <table border="1">
    1307. 

  1307. <tr><td>
    1308. 

  1308. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">9.</span></p></td><td>
    1309. 

  1309. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1310. 

  1310. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Wang Xiansheng, tā shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    1311. 

  1311. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">Mr. Wang, who is he?</span></p></td></tr>
    1312. 

  1312. <tr><td>
    1313. 

  1313. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"></p></td><td>
    1314. 

  1314. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1315. 

  1315. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Mă Mínglĭ Xiansheng.</span></p></td><td>
    1316. 

  1316. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">He is Mr. Mă Mínglĭ.</span></p></td></tr>
    1317. 

  1317. <tr><td>
    1318. 

  1318. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">10.</span></p></td><td>
    1319. 

  1319. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1320. 

  1320. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Xiansheng, tā shi shei?</span></p></td><td>
    1321. 

  1321. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">Sir, who is he?</span></p></td></tr>
    1322. 

  1322. <tr><td>
    1323. 

  1323. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"></p></td><td>
    1324. 

  1324. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1325. 

  1325. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Ma Xiansheng.</span></p></td><td>
    1326. 

  1326. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">He is Mr. Ma.</span></p></td></tr>
    1327. 

  1327. </table>
    1328. 

  1328. <table border="1">
    1329. 

  1329. <tr><td>
    1330. 

  1330. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">11. A:</span></p></td><td>
    1331. 

  1331. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Xiansheng,* tā shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    1332. 

  1332. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Sir, who is she?</span></p></td></tr>
    1333. 

  1333. <tr><td>
    1334. 

  1334. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1335. 

  1335. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Mă Tàitai.</span></p></td><td>
    1336. 

  1336. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">She is Mrs. Ma.</span></p></td></tr>
    1337. 

  1337. <tr><td>
    1338. 

  1338. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">12. A:</span></p></td><td>
    1339. 

  1339. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Wang Xiansheng, tā shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    1340. 

  1340. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Mr. Wang, who is she?</span></p></td></tr>
    1341. 

  1341. <tr><td>
    1342. 

  1342. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1343. 

  1343. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Ma Mínglĭ Tàitai.</span></p></td><td>
    1344. 

  1344. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">She is Mrs. MS Mínglĭ</span></p></td></tr>
    1345. 

  1345. </table>
    1346. 

  1346. <p style="padding:33pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note</span><span class="font19"> on </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nos, 9*12</span></p>
    1347. 

  1347. <table cellpadding="5pt">
    1348. 

  1348. <tr>
    1349. 

  1349. <td valign="top" width="50%">
    1350. 

  1350. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">When you address someone directly, or the title alone. Xiansheng must be</span></p></td>
    1351. 

  1351. <td valign="top" width="50%">
    1352. 

  1352. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">use either the name plus the title translated as &quot;sir<sup>11</sup> when it is used</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
    1353. 

  1353. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">alone, since &quot;Mr.” would not capture its respectful tone. (Tàitai,</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
    1354. 

  1354. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">alone. You shòuld address Mrs</span><span class="font26">.成</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
    1355. 

  1355. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:3pt 0pt 57pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">however, is less respectful when used as MăTkitai.)</span></p>
    1356. 

  1356. <table border="1">
    1357. 

  1357. <tr><td>
    1358. 

  1358. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">13.</span></p></td><td>
    1359. 

  1359. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1360. 

  1360. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font26">痛</span><span class="font19">ng Xiansheng, ta shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    1361. 

  1361. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">Mr. Wang, who is she?</span></p></td></tr>
    1362. 

  1362. <tr><td>
    1363. 

  1363. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    1364. 

  1364. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1365. 

  1365. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi MS XiSojiS.</span></p></td><td>
    1366. 

  1366. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">She is Miss MS.</span></p></td></tr>
    1367. 

  1367. <tr><td>
    1368. 

  1368. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">Ik.</span></p></td><td>
    1369. 

  1369. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1370. 

  1370. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    1371. 

  1371. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">Who is he?</span></p></td></tr>
    1372. 

  1372. <tr><td>
    1373. 

  1373. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    1374. 

  1374. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1375. 

  1375. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Ma Btínglĭ Téngzhì.</span></p></td><td>
    1376. 

  1376. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">He is Comrade Ma MÍnglĭ.</span></p></td></tr>
    1377. 

  1377. <tr><td>
    1378. 

  1378. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">15.</span></p></td><td>
    1379. 

  1379. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1380. 

  1380. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tongzhì, tā shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    1381. 

  1381. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">Comrade <sub>9</sub> vho is she?</span></p></td></tr>
    1382. 

  1382. <tr><td>
    1383. 

  1383. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    1384. 

  1384. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1385. 

  1385. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Fang Báolăn.</span></p></td><td>
    1386. 

  1386. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">She is Fang Băolăn.</span></p></td></tr>
    1387. 

  1387. <tr><td>
    1388. 

  1388. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font13">16</span><span class="font19">.</span></p></td><td>
    1389. 

  1389. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1390. 

  1390. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tongzhì, tā shi shéi?</span></p></td><td>
    1391. 

  1391. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">Comrade, who is she?</span></p></td></tr>
    1392. 

  1392. <tr><td>
    1393. 

  1393. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    1394. 

  1394. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1395. 

  1395. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Fang BSolăn Tŏngzhĭ.</span></p></td><td>
    1396. 

  1396. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">She is Comrade Fang ^Lolan.</span></p></td></tr>
    1397. 

  1397. </table>
    1398. 

  1398. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:30pt 0pt 15pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Note on Nos* 13-16</span></p>
    1399. 

  1399. <p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:15pt 16pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">See the Background Notes on Chinese Personal Ncunes and Titles for Tĕngzhì</span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">•</span><span class="font19"> &quot;Comrade,&quot; and the use of maiden names.</span></p>
    1400. 

  1400. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 21pt 195pt;"><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">DRILLS</span></p>
    1401. 

  1401. <table border="1">
    1402. 

  1402. <tr><td>
    1403. 

  1403. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">A.</span></p></td><td>
    1404. 

  1404. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Substitution Drill</span></p></td><td>
    1405. 

  1405. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 57pt;"></p></td></tr>
    1406. 

  1406. <tr><td>
    1407. 

  1407. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    1408. 

  1408. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker: MS Mínglĭ</span></p></td><td>
    1409. 

  1409. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 57pt;"><span class="font19">You: Tā shi Ma Mínglĭ. (He is Ma MÍnglĭ.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1410. 

  1410. <tr><td>
    1411. 

  1411. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    1412. 

  1412. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Hŭ MSilíng</span></p></td><td>
    1413. 

  1413. <p style="padding:0pt 18pt 0pt 57pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Hŭ Mĕilíng. (She is Hu Meilíng*)</span></p></td></tr>
    1414. 

  1414. <tr><td>
    1415. 

  1415. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    1416. 

  1416. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Wăng Dăniăn</span></p></td><td>
    1417. 

  1417. <p style="padding:0pt 18pt 0pt 57pt;"><span class="font19">Tă shi Wang Dăniăn* (He is Wang Danian *)</span></p></td></tr>
    1418. 

  1418. <tr><td>
    1419. 

  1419. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">h.</span></p></td><td>
    1420. 

  1420. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Lĭ Shìxnĭn</span></p></td><td>
    1421. 

  1421. <p style="padding:0pt 26pt 0pt 57pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Lĭ Shĭmín. (He is Lĭ Shìmín.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1422. 

  1422. <tr><td>
    1423. 

  1423. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    1424. 

  1424. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Liŭ. Lĭrong</span></p></td><td>
    1425. 

  1425. <p style="padding:0pt 18pt 0pt 57pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Liu Lìrong. (She is Liu Lĭrong.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1426. 

  1426. <tr><td>
    1427. 

  1427. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    1428. 

  1428. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Zhang BSolăn.</span></p></td><td>
    1429. 

  1429. <p style="padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 57pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Zhang Baolán• (She is Zhăng Baolán*)</span></p></td></tr>
    1430. 

  1430. </table>
    1431. 

  1431. <p style="padding:57pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font19">Response Drill</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
    1432. 

  1432. <p style="text-align:right;"><span class="font19">When the When the cue</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
    1433. 

  1433. <p style="text-align:justify;"><span class="font19">cue is given by a male speaker, male students should respond, is given by a female speaker, female students should respond.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
    1434. 

  1434. <table border="1">
    1435. 

  1435. <tr><td>
    1436. 

  1436. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">1_</span></p></td><td>
    1437. 

  1437. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker: Nĭ shi shĕi?</span></p>
    1438. 

  1438. <p style="padding:0pt 32pt 0pt 66pt;"><span class="font19">(cue) Wang Dànìăn (Who are you?)</span></p></td><td>
    1439. 

  1439. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font19">You: Wo shi Wang Dàniăn. (I am Wang Daniăii.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1440. 

  1440. <tr><td>
    1441. 

  1441. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    1442. 

  1442. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">OR Nĭ shi shĕi?</span></p>
    1443. 

  1443. <p style="padding:0pt 32pt 0pt 66pt;"><span class="font19">(cue) Hú MSilíng (Who are you?)</span></p></td><td>
    1444. 

  1444. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font19">¥6 shi Hu Mĕilíng. (I am Hú Mĕilíng.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1445. 

  1445. <tr><td>
    1446. 

  1446. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    1447. 

  1447. <p style="padding:0pt 32pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi shĕi? Liŭ Shìmín (Who are you?)</span></p></td><td>
    1448. 

  1448. <p style="padding:0pt 32pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font19">Wo shi Liu Shìmín <sub>a</sub> (I am Liu Shìmín-)</span></p></td></tr>
    1449. 

  1449. <tr><td>
    1450. 

  1450. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    1451. 

  1451. <p style="padding:0pt 32pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi shĕi? Chen Huĭrăn (Who are you?)</span></p></td><td>
    1452. 

  1452. <p style="padding:0pt 32pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font19">Wo shi Chen Huìrăn. (I am Chen Huìrán.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1453. 

  1453. <tr><td>
    1454. 

  1454. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
    1455. 

  1455. <p style="padding:0pt 32pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi shĕi? Huang Dĕxián (Who are you?)</span></p></td><td>
    1456. 

  1456. <p style="padding:0pt 32pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font19">Wŏ shi Huáng Dĕxián. (I am Huang Dĕxián.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1457. 

  1457. <tr><td>
    1458. 

  1458. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    1459. 

  1459. <p style="padding:0pt 32pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi shei? Zhào Wănrŭ (Who are you?)</span></p></td><td>
    1460. 

  1460. <p style="padding:0pt 32pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font19">Wo shi Zhào Wănrú. (I am Zhào Wănrú.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1461. 

  1461. </table></div><br clear="all"/>
    1462. 

  1462. <table border="1">
    1463. 

  1463. <tr><td>
    1464. 

  1464. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    1465. 

  1465. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    1466. 

  1466. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Jiang Bĭngyíng</span></p></td><td>
    1467. 

  1467. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Wo shi Jiang Bīngyíng.</span></p></td></tr>
    1468. 

  1468. <tr><td>
    1469. 

  1469. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    1470. 

  1470. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">(Who are you?)</span></p></td><td>
    1471. 

  1471. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"></p></td><td>
    1472. 

  1472. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">(I am Jiang Bĭngyíng.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1473. 

  1473. <tr><td>
    1474. 

  1474. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">7.</span></p></td><td>
    1475. 

  1475. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi shĕi?</span></p></td><td>
    1476. 

  1476. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Gāo YSngpíng</span></p></td><td>
    1477. 

  1477. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 13pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">WS shi Gāo Yongpíng.</span></p></td></tr>
    1478. 

  1478. <tr><td>
    1479. 

  1479. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    1480. 

  1480. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">(Who are you?)</span></p></td><td>
    1481. 

  1481. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"></p></td><td>
    1482. 

  1482. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 13pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">(I am Gao Yongpíng.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1483. 

  1483. </table>
    1484. 

  1484. <table>
    1485. 

  1485. <tr><td>
    1486. 

  1486. <p><span class="font19">C. Response Drill</span></p></td></tr>
    1487. 

  1487. <tr><td>
    1488. 

  1488. <table border="1">
    1489. 

  1489. <tr><td>
    1490. 

  1490. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font19">1. Speaker: Tā shi shĕi?</span></p>
    1491. 

  1491. <p style="padding:0pt 28pt 0pt 84pt;"><span class="font19">(cue) Ma Xiansheng (WhōTs he?)</span></p></td><td>
    1492. 

  1492. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">You</span><span class="font26">：</span><span class="font19"> Tă shi Mă Xiansheng. (He is Mr. Ma.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1493. 

  1493. <tr><td>
    1494. 

  1494. <p style="padding:0pt 48pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font19">2. Tă shi shĕi? Hú Tàitai (Who is she?)</span></p></td><td>
    1495. 

  1495. <p style="padding:0pt 50pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Hu Tàitai. (She is Mrs. Hu.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1496. 

  1496. <tr><td>
    1497. 

  1497. <p style="padding:0pt 28pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font19">3. Tā shi shĕi? Mao Xiansheng (Who is he?)</span></p></td><td>
    1498. 

  1498. <p style="padding:0pt 29pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Tă shi Mao Xiansheng. (He is Mr</span><span class="font26">。</span><span class="font19"> Máo.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1499. 

  1499. <tr><td>
    1500. 

  1500. <p style="padding:0pt 28pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">h.</span><span class="font19"> Tā shi shei? Zhang Tongzhì (Who is he?)</span></p></td><td>
    1501. 

  1501. <p style="padding:0pt 29pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Zhang Téngzhĭ. (He is Comrade Zhang.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1502. 

  1502. <tr><td>
    1503. 

  1503. <p style="padding:0pt 28pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font19">5. Tā shi shĕi? Liu Xi&amp;ojiĕ (Who is she?)</span></p></td><td>
    1504. 

  1504. <p style="padding:0pt 29pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Liu XiSojlS. (She is Miss Liu.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1505. 

  1505. <tr><td>
    1506. 

  1506. <p style="padding:0pt 28pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font19">6. Tā shi shĕi? MS Xiansheng (Who is he?)</span></p></td><td>
    1507. 

  1507. <p style="padding:0pt 29pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi MS Xiansheng. (He is Mr. Ma.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1508. 

  1508. <tr><td>
    1509. 

  1509. <p style="padding:0pt 28pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font19">7. Tā shi shĕi? Zhào Tàitai (Who is she?)</span></p></td><td>
    1510. 

  1510. <p style="padding:0pt 29pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Zhào Tàitai. (She is Mrs. Zhăŏ.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1511. 

  1511. </table></td></tr>
    1512. 

  1512. </table>
    1513. 

  1513. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><a name="bookmark82"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">UNIT 2 INTRODUCTION</span></p>
    1514. 

  1514. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Topics Covered in This Unit</span></p>
    1515. 

  1515. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Questions and answers about given names.</span></p>
    1516. 

  1516. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">2• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes/no questions.</span></p>
    1517. 

  1517. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">3• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Negative statements•</span></p>
    1518. 

  1518. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 27pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">U. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Greetings.</span></p>
    1519. 

  1519. <p style="padding:27pt 0pt 12pt 25pt;"><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Prerequisites</span><span class="font19"> to the Unit</span></p>
    1520. 

  1520. <p style="padding:12pt 11pt 33pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">1. P&amp;R 3 and P&amp;R </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">h</span><span class="font19"> (Tapes 3 and </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k</span><span class="font19"> of the resource module on Pronunciation and Romanization).</span></p>
    1521. 

  1521. <p style="padding:33pt 0pt 12pt 25pt;"><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Materials</span><span class="font19"> You Vill Need</span></p>
    1522. 

  1522. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 9pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The C-l and P-l tapes, the Reference List and Reference Notes.</span></p>
    1523. 

  1523. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The 2D-1 tape.</span></p>
    1524. 

  1524. <table border="1">
    1525. 

  1525. <tr><td>
    1526. 

  1526. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">1-</span></p></td><td>
    1527. 

  1527. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1528. 

  1528. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Wang Tàitai ma?</span></p></td><td>
    1529. 

  1529. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">Is she Mrs. Wang?</span></p></td></tr>
    1530. 

  1530. <tr><td>
    1531. 

  1531. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
    1532. 

  1532. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1533. 

  1533. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Wang Tàitai.</span></p></td><td>
    1534. 

  1534. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">She is Mrs. Wang.</span></p></td></tr>
    1535. 

  1535. <tr><td>
    1536. 

  1536. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    1537. 

  1537. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1538. 

  1538. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi Wang Xiansheng ma?</span></p></td><td>
    1539. 

  1539. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">Are you Mr. Wang?</span></p></td></tr>
    1540. 

  1540. <tr><td>
    1541. 

  1541. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
    1542. 

  1542. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1543. 

  1543. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">W5 shi Wang Dànián.</span></p></td><td>
    1544. 

  1544. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">I am Wang Dànián.</span></p></td></tr>
    1545. 

  1545. <tr><td>
    1546. 

  1546. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    1547. 

  1547. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1548. 

  1548. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi Mă Xiansheng ma?</span></p></td><td>
    1549. 

  1549. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">Are you Mr. Ma?</span></p></td></tr>
    1550. 

  1550. <tr><td>
    1551. 

  1551. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
    1552. 

  1552. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1553. 

  1553. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">W5 shi Wang Dàniăn*</span></p></td><td>
    1554. 

  1554. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">I am Wang Dànián.</span></p></td></tr>
    1555. 

  1555. <tr><td>
    1556. 

  1556. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
    1557. 

  1557. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1558. 

  1558. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">lií</span><span class="font19"> shi Mă Xiansheng ma?</span></p></td><td>
    1559. 

  1559. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">Are you Mr. Ma?</span></p></td></tr>
    1560. 

  1560. <tr><td>
    1561. 

  1561. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
    1562. 

  1562. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1563. 

  1563. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">WS ì)ú shi MS Xiansheng.</span></p></td><td>
    1564. 

  1564. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">I<sup>f</sup>m not Mr. Ma.</span></p></td></tr>
    1565. 

  1565. <tr><td>
    1566. 

  1566. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    1567. 

  1567. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1568. 

  1568. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">W5 shi l^ng Dàniăn*</span></p></td><td>
    1569. 

  1569. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">I asi Wang Danián.</span></p></td></tr>
    1570. 

  1570. <tr><td>
    1571. 

  1571. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
    1572. 

  1572. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1573. 

  1573. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">WS ì?ú shi Wang Dănián.</span></p></td><td>
    1574. 

  1574. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">I<sup>f</sup>zn not Wáng Dánìán.</span></p></td></tr>
    1575. 

  1575. <tr><td>
    1576. 

  1576. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    1577. 

  1577. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1578. 

  1578. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ xĭng Fāng ma?</span></p></td><td>
    1579. 

  1579. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">Is your surname Fang?</span></p></td></tr>
    1580. 

  1580. <tr><td>
    1581. 

  1581. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
    1582. 

  1582. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1583. 

  1583. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">WS tŭ xìng Fang.</span></p></td><td>
    1584. 

  1584. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">ìty</span><span class="font19"> surname isn't Fang.</span></p></td></tr>
    1585. 

  1585. <tr><td>
    1586. 

  1586. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font26">了</span><span class="font19">.</span></p></td><td>
    1587. 

  1587. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1588. 

  1588. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">W5 xìng Wăng.</span></p></td><td>
    1589. 

  1589. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">Ify</span><span class="font19"> surname is Wang.</span></p></td></tr>
    1590. 

  1590. <tr><td>
    1591. 

  1591. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
    1592. 

  1592. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1593. 

  1593. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">W5 *bŭ xìng ^Lng.</span></p></td><td>
    1594. 

  1594. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">My surname isn't </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">^íxig.</span></p></td></tr>
    1595. 

  1595. <tr><td>
    1596. 

  1596. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">8.</span></p></td><td>
    1597. 

  1597. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1598. 

  1598. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ xĭng M§ ma?</span></p></td><td>
    1599. 

  1599. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">Is your surname Ma?</span></p></td></tr>
    1600. 

  1600. <tr><td>
    1601. 

  1601. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
    1602. 

  1602. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1603. 

  1603. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Bú xĭng MS. Xing Wăng.</span></p></td><td>
    1604. 

  1604. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">My surname isn't Ma. It<sup>f</sup>s Wang.</span></p></td></tr>
    1605. 

  1605. <tr><td>
    1606. 

  1606. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">9.</span></p></td><td>
    1607. 

  1607. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1608. 

  1608. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Nín guìxĭng?</span></p></td><td>
    1609. 

  1609. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">Your surname? (POLITE)</span></p></td></tr>
    1610. 

  1610. <tr><td>
    1611. 

  1611. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
    1612. 

  1612. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1613. 

  1613. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">W5 xìng Wang.</span></p></td><td>
    1614. 

  1614. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">My</span><span class="font19"> surname is Wáng.</span></p></td></tr>
    1615. 

  1615. <tr><td>
    1616. 

  1616. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">10.</span></p></td><td>
    1617. 

  1617. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1618. 

  1618. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ jiào shĕnme?</span></p></td><td>
    1619. 

  1619. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">What is your given name?</span></p></td></tr>
    1620. 

  1620. <tr><td>
    1621. 

  1621. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
    1622. 

  1622. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1623. 

  1623. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">WS Jìào Dànìán.</span></p></td><td>
    1624. 

  1624. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">MSy given name is Dàniăn.</span></p></td></tr>
    1625. 

  1625. <tr><td>
    1626. 

  1626. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">11.</span></p></td><td>
    1627. 

  1627. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1628. 

  1628. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ hao a?</span></p></td><td>
    1629. 

  1629. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">How are you?</span></p></td></tr>
    1630. 

  1630. <tr><td>
    1631. 

  1631. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
    1632. 

  1632. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1633. 

  1633. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">W5 hSo.</span></p></td><td>
    1634. 

  1634. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">I<sup>f</sup>m fine.</span></p></td></tr>
    1635. 

  1635. <tr><td>
    1636. 

  1636. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">12.</span></p></td><td>
    1637. 

  1637. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1638. 

  1638. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ hao a?</span></p></td><td>
    1639. 

  1639. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">How are you?</span></p></td></tr>
    1640. 

  1640. <tr><td>
    1641. 

  1641. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
    1642. 

  1642. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1643. 

  1643. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">W5 hSo. Nl ne?</span></p></td><td>
    1644. 

  1644. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">I<sup>1</sup>* fine. And you?</span></p></td></tr>
    1645. 

  1645. <tr><td>
    1646. 

  1646. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
    1647. 

  1647. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1648. 

  1648. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">HSo</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19"> xièxìe.</span></p></td><td>
    1649. 

  1649. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">Fine, thanks.</span></p></td></tr>
    1650. 

  1650. </table>
    1651. 

  1651. <p style="padding:33pt 217pt 6pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-l tapes)</span></p>
    1652. 

  1652. <table border="1">
    1653. 

  1653. <tr><td>
    1654. 

  1654. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">13.</span></p></td><td>
    1655. 

  1655. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">míngzi</span></p></td><td>
    1656. 

  1656. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 70pt;"><span class="font19">given name</span></p></td></tr>
    1657. 

  1657. </table>
    1658. 

  1658. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 0pt;"><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">VOCABULARY</span></p>
    1659. 

  1659. <table border="1">
    1660. 

  1660. <tr><td>
    1661. 

  1661. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">a</span></p></td><td>
    1662. 

  1662. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font19">(question marker)</span></p></td></tr>
    1663. 

  1663. <tr><td>
    1664. 

  1664. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">*bù/bú</span></p></td><td>
    1665. 

  1665. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font19">not</span></p></td></tr>
    1666. 

  1666. <tr><td>
    1667. 

  1667. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">bú shi</span></p></td><td>
    1668. 

  1668. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font19">not to be</span></p></td></tr>
    1669. 

  1669. <tr><td>
    1670. 

  1670. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">guìxĭng</span></p></td><td>
    1671. 

  1671. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font19">(honorable) surname</span></p></td></tr>
    1672. 

  1672. <tr><td>
    1673. 

  1673. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">hSo</span></p></td><td>
    1674. 

  1674. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font19">to </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">te</span><span class="font19"> fine, to </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">\&gt;e</span><span class="font19"> well</span></p></td></tr>
    1675. 

  1675. <tr><td>
    1676. 

  1676. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Jiào</span></p></td><td>
    1677. 

  1677. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font19">to ì&gt;e called</span></p></td></tr>
    1678. 

  1678. <tr><td>
    1679. 

  1679. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">ma</span></p></td><td>
    1680. 

  1680. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font19">(question marker)</span></p></td></tr>
    1681. 

  1681. <tr><td>
    1682. 

  1682. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">míngzi</span></p></td><td>
    1683. 

  1683. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font19">given name</span></p></td></tr>
    1684. 

  1684. <tr><td>
    1685. 

  1685. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">ne</span></p></td><td>
    1686. 

  1686. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font19">(question marker)</span></p></td></tr>
    1687. 

  1687. <tr><td>
    1688. 

  1688. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">xiĕxie</span></p></td><td>
    1689. 

  1689. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font19">thank you</span></p></td></tr>
    1690. 

  1690. </table>
    1691. 

  1691. <table border="1">
    1692. 

  1692. <tr><td>
    1693. 

  1693. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    1694. 

  1694. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p>
    1695. 

  1695. <p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1696. 

  1696. <p style="padding:0pt 35pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Wang Tàitai ma? Tā shi Wang Tàitai.</span></p></td><td>
    1697. 

  1697. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">Is she Mrs. Wang? She is Mrs. Wang.</span></p></td></tr>
    1698. 

  1698. <tr><td>
    1699. 

  1699. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">2.</span></p></td><td>
    1700. 

  1700. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p>
    1701. 

  1701. <p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1702. 

  1702. <p style="padding:0pt 21pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi Wang Xiansheng ma? W5 shi Wang Dàniăn.</span></p></td><td>
    1703. 

  1703. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">Are you Mr. Wang? I am Wang Dăniăn.</span></p></td></tr>
    1704. 

  1704. <tr><td>
    1705. 

  1705. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">3-</span></p></td><td>
    1706. 

  1706. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p>
    1707. 

  1707. <p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1708. 

  1708. <p style="padding:0pt 35pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi Ma Xiansheng ma? Wo shi Wăng Dàniăn.</span></p></td><td>
    1709. 

  1709. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">Are you Mr. Ma?</span></p>
    1710. 

  1710. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font19">I am Wang Dănìăn.</span></p></td></tr>
    1711. 

  1711. </table>
    1712. 

  1712. <p style="padding:33pt 0pt 12pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">Notes rn Nos. 1-3</span></p>
    1713. 

  1713. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 12pt 12pt 3pt;"><span class="font19"><sup>r</sup>.he marker ma may be added to any statement to turn it into a question which may be answered &quot;yes&quot; or &quot;no,&quot;</span></p>
    1714. 

  1714. <table border="1">
    1715. 

  1715. <tr><td>
    1716. 

  1716. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Tá</span></p></td><td>
    1717. 

  1717. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">shi</span></p></td><td>
    1718. 

  1718. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 15pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Wang Tàitai.</span></p></td><td>
    1719. 

  1719. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"></p></td><td>
    1720. 

  1720. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 18pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">(She is Mrs. Wang.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1721. 

  1721. <tr><td>
    1722. 

  1722. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Tā</span></p></td><td>
    1723. 

  1723. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">shi</span></p></td><td>
    1724. 

  1724. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Vang Tàitai</span></p></td><td>
    1725. 

  1725. <p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font19">ma?</span></p></td><td>
    1726. 

  1726. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 18pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">(Is she Mrs. Wáng?)</span></p></td></tr>
    1727. 

  1727. </table>
    1728. 

  1728. <p style="padding:12pt 23pt 57pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">The reply to a yes/no question is commonly a complete affirmative or negative statement, although, as you vill see later, the statement may &quot;be stripped dovn considerably.</span></p>
    1729. 

  1729. <table border="1">
    1730. 

  1730. <tr><td>
    1731. 

  1731. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">1*. A:</span></p></td><td>
    1732. 

  1732. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi Mă Xiansheng ma?</span></p></td><td>
    1733. 

  1733. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Are you Mr. Ma?</span></p></td></tr>
    1734. 

  1734. <tr><td>
    1735. 

  1735. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1736. 

  1736. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">WS *bŭ shi Mă Xiănsheng.</span></p></td><td>
    1737. 

  1737. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">I’m not Mr. Ma.</span></p></td></tr>
    1738. 

  1738. <tr><td>
    1739. 

  1739. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">5. A:</span></p></td><td>
    1740. 

  1740. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">WS shi Wang Dàniăn.</span></p></td><td>
    1741. 

  1741. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">I am Wang Dàniăn.</span></p></td></tr>
    1742. 

  1742. <tr><td>
    1743. 

  1743. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1744. 

  1744. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Wo bŭ shi Wang Dàniăn.</span></p></td><td>
    1745. 

  1745. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">I’m not ^ng Dàniăn.</span></p></td></tr>
    1746. 

  1746. </table>
    1747. 

  1747. <p style="padding:33pt 0pt 12pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">Notes on Nos. U»5</span></p>
    1748. 

  1748. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 12pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">The negative of the verb </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font19">, &quot;to &quot;be,” is bn </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font19">, &quot;not to &quot;be.&quot; The equivalent of &quot;not” is the syllable bù. The tone for the syllable </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">bŭ</span><span class="font19"> depends on the tone of the following&quot;syllal)le. When folloved *by a syllable with a High, Rising, or Low tone, a Falling tone is used (bù). When followed *by a syllable with a Falling or Neutral tone, a Rising tone is used (bŭ).</span></p>
    1749. 

  1749. <table border="1">
    1750. 

  1750. <tr><td>
    1751. 

  1751. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">bŭ</span></p></td><td>
    1752. 

  1752. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">fēì</span></p></td><td>
    1753. 

  1753. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">(not</span></p></td><td>
    1754. 

  1754. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">to</span></p></td><td>
    1755. 

  1755. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">fly)</span></p></td></tr>
    1756. 

  1756. <tr><td>
    1757. 

  1757. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">bŭ</span></p></td><td>
    1758. 

  1758. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">fĕi</span></p></td><td>
    1759. 

  1759. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">(not</span></p></td><td>
    1760. 

  1760. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">to</span></p></td><td>
    1761. 

  1761. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">be fat)</span></p></td></tr>
    1762. 

  1762. <tr><td>
    1763. 

  1763. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">&quot;bŭ</span></p></td><td>
    1764. 

  1764. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">fĕi</span></p></td><td>
    1765. 

  1765. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">(not</span></p></td><td>
    1766. 

  1766. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">to</span></p></td><td>
    1767. 

  1767. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">slander)</span></p></td></tr>
    1768. 

  1768. <tr><td>
    1769. 

  1769. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">*bú</span></p></td><td>
    1770. 

  1770. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">fèi</span></p></td><td>
    1771. 

  1771. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">(not</span></p></td><td>
    1772. 

  1772. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">to</span></p></td><td>
    1773. 

  1773. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">waste)</span></p></td></tr>
    1774. 

  1774. </table>
    1775. 

  1775. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 15pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">Almost all of the first fev verbs you learn happen to be in the Falling tone, and so take tŭ. But remember that tù is the basic form. That is the form the syllable takes when it stands alone as a short &quot;no<sup>,f</sup> answer</span><span class="font26">一</span><span class="font19">Bù and vhen it is discussed, as in <sup>yT</span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;"></sup>Bu</span><span class="font19"> means <sup>f</sup>not *.<sup>ff</sup></span></p>
    1776. 

  1776. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 15pt 15pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">Notice that even though shi, &quot;to be,<sup>M</sup> is usually pronounced in the Neutral tone in the phrase bu </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font19">, the original Falling tone of shi still causes *bù to &quot;be pronounced vith a Rising tone: bŭ.</span></p>
    1777. 

  1777. <table border="1">
    1778. 

  1778. <tr><td>
    1779. 

  1779. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font19">W3</span></p></td><td>
    1780. 

  1780. <p></p></td><td>
    1781. 

  1781. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">shi</span></p></td><td>
    1782. 

  1782. <p></p></td><td>
    1783. 

  1783. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">Wang Dănián.</span></p></td></tr>
    1784. 

  1784. <tr><td>
    1785. 

  1785. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font19">(I</span></p></td><td>
    1786. 

  1786. <p></p></td><td>
    1787. 

  1787. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">an</span></p></td><td>
    1788. 

  1788. <p></p></td><td>
    1789. 

  1789. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">Wang Dàniăn.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1790. 

  1790. </table>
    1791. 

  1791. <table border="1">
    1792. 

  1792. <tr><td>
    1793. 

  1793. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"></p></td><td>
    1794. 

  1794. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">bŭ</span></p></td><td>
    1795. 

  1795. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font19">shi</span></p></td><td>
    1796. 

  1796. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"></p></td><td>
    1797. 

  1797. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">MS Xiansheng«</span></p></td></tr>
    1798. 

  1798. <tr><td>
    1799. 

  1799. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">(I</span></p></td><td>
    1800. 

  1800. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"></p></td><td>
    1801. 

  1801. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">am</span></p></td><td>
    1802. 

  1802. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">not</span></p></td><td>
    1803. 

  1803. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">Mr. Ma.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1804. 

  1804. </table>
    1805. 

  1805. <table border="1">
    1806. 

  1806. <tr><td>
    1807. 

  1807. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    1808. 

  1808. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1809. 

  1809. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">NX xĭng Fang ma?</span></p></td><td>
    1810. 

  1810. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font19">Is your surname Fang?</span></p></td></tr>
    1811. 

  1811. <tr><td>
    1812. 

  1812. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    1813. 

  1813. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1814. 

  1814. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">WS bŭ xĭng Fang.</span></p></td><td>
    1815. 

  1815. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font19">My surname isn’t Fang.</span></p></td></tr>
    1816. 

  1816. <tr><td>
    1817. 

  1817. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">7.</span></p></td><td>
    1818. 

  1818. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1819. 

  1819. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">W8 xing Wăng.</span></p></td><td>
    1820. 

  1820. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">Ify</span><span class="font19"> surname is Wang.</span></p></td></tr>
    1821. 

  1821. <tr><td>
    1822. 

  1822. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    1823. 

  1823. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1824. 

  1824. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">WS bŭ xìng Wang.</span></p></td><td>
    1825. 

  1825. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">Ify</span><span class="font19"> surname isn<sup>f</sup>t Wang.</span></p></td></tr>
    1826. 

  1826. <tr><td>
    1827. 

  1827. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">8.</span></p></td><td>
    1828. 

  1828. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1829. 

  1829. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ xìng MS zna?</span></p></td><td>
    1830. 

  1830. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font19">Is your surname Ma?</span></p></td></tr>
    1831. 

  1831. <tr><td>
    1832. 

  1832. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    1833. 

  1833. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1834. 

  1834. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Bŭ xĭng MS. Xing Wang.</span></p></td><td>
    1835. 

  1835. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font19">My surname isn<sup>f</sup>t Ma, It，s Wang«</span></p></td></tr>
    1836. 

  1836. </table>
    1837. 

  1837. <p style="padding:33pt 0pt 15pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">Note on No* 8</span></p>
    1838. 

  1838. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:15pt 15pt 57pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">It is quite common in Chinese--much commoner than in English--to omit the subject of a sentence vhen it is clear from the context.</span></p>
    1839. 

  1839. <table border="1">
    1840. 

  1840. <tr><td>
    1841. 

  1841. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1842. 

  1842. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Nín guìxìng?</span></p></td><td>
    1843. 

  1843. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 57pt;"><span class="font19">Your surname? (POLITE)</span></p></td></tr>
    1844. 

  1844. <tr><td>
    1845. 

  1845. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1846. 

  1846. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Wo xĭng Wang.</span></p></td><td>
    1847. 

  1847. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 57pt;"><span class="font19">My surname is Wáng.</span></p></td></tr>
    1848. 

  1848. </table>
    1849. 

  1849. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 11pt;"><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No.</span><span class="font19"> 9</span></p>
    1850. 

  1850. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:25pt;padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Nín is the polite equivalent of nĭ, &quot;you.<sup>1</sup>,</span></p>
    1851. 

  1851. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:25pt;padding:12pt 32pt 12pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Guìxĭng is a polite noun, &quot;sùrname.&quot; Guì means &quot;honorable.&quot; Xìng^ vhich you have learned as the vert ”to &quot;be surnalned,<sup>,,</sup> is in this case a noun, ,’surnaiDe•&quot;</span></p>
    1852. 

  1852. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:25pt;padding:12pt 32pt 57pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Literally, Nín guìxíng? is &quot;Your surname?&quot; The implied question is understood, and the sentence<sup>M</sup> consists of the subject alone.</span></p>
    1853. 

  1853. <p style="padding:57pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">10. A</span><span class="font25">：</span><span class="font19"> Nĭ Jiào shĕnme? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What is your given name?</span></p>
    1854. 

  1854. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:25pt;padding:0pt 0pt 36pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">B: Wo jiào Dànián. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;My given name is Dànián.</span></p>
    1855. 

  1855. <p style="padding:36pt 0pt 12pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Note on No* 10</span></p>
    1856. 

  1856. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:25pt;padding:12pt 32pt 51pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Jiào is a verb meaning &quot;to be called. In a discussion of personal names, we can say that it means &quot;to be given-named,<sup>M</sup></span></p>
    1857. 

  1857. <table border="1">
    1858. 

  1858. <tr><td>
    1859. 

  1859. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">11.</span></p></td><td>
    1860. 

  1860. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1861. 

  1861. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ hao a?</span></p></td><td>
    1862. 

  1862. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font19">How are you?</span></p></td></tr>
    1863. 

  1863. <tr><td>
    1864. 

  1864. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"></p></td><td>
    1865. 

  1865. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1866. 

  1866. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">WS hSo.</span></p></td><td>
    1867. 

  1867. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font19">I’m fine.</span></p></td></tr>
    1868. 

  1868. </table>
    1869. 

  1869. <p style="padding:18pt 0pt 12pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Notes on </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">No.</span><span class="font19"> 11</span></p>
    1870. 

  1870. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:25pt;padding:12pt 32pt 12pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Notice that the Low tones of wo and nĭ change to Rising tones before the Low tone of hao: Ni hao a? hao.</span></p>
    1871. 

  1871. <p style="text-indent:25pt;padding:12pt 11pt 18pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Hao is a verb—”to &quot;be good，” &quot;to be veil，” &quot;to be fine.” Since it functions like the verb &quot;to &quot;be” plus an adjective in English, ve will call it an adjectival verb.</span></p>
    1872. 

  1872. <table border="1">
    1873. 

  1873. <tr><td>
    1874. 

  1874. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">WS</span></p></td><td>
    1875. 

  1875. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">hao.</span></p></td></tr>
    1876. 

  1876. <tr><td>
    1877. 

  1877. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">(I</span></p></td><td>
    1878. 

  1878. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 13pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">am fine•)</span></p></td></tr>
    1879. 

  1879. </table>
    1880. 

  1880. <table border="1">
    1881. 

  1881. <tr><td>
    1882. 

  1882. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ</span></p></td><td>
    1883. 

  1883. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">hao</span></p></td><td>
    1884. 

  1884. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">a?</span></p></td></tr>
    1885. 

  1885. <tr><td>
    1886. 

  1886. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">(You</span></p></td><td>
    1887. 

  1887. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">are fine</span></p></td><td>
    1888. 

  1888. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"></p></td></tr>
    1889. 

  1889. </table>
    1890. 

  1890. <table border="1">
    1891. 

  1891. <tr><td>
    1892. 

  1892. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">12.</span></p></td><td>
    1893. 

  1893. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1894. 

  1894. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ hăo a?</span></p></td><td>
    1895. 

  1895. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 33pt;"><span class="font19">Hov are you?</span></p></td></tr>
    1896. 

  1896. <tr><td>
    1897. 

  1897. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"></p></td><td>
    1898. 

  1898. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    1899. 

  1899. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">W5 hSo. Nĭ ne?</span></p></td><td>
    1900. 

  1900. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 33pt;"><span class="font19">I<sup>f</sup>m fine. And you?</span></p></td></tr>
    1901. 

  1901. <tr><td>
    1902. 

  1902. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"></p></td><td>
    1903. 

  1903. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    1904. 

  1904. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">HSo, xièxie.</span></p></td><td>
    1905. 

  1905. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 33pt;"><span class="font19">Fine, thanks.</span></p></td></tr>
    1906. 

  1906. </table>
    1907. 

  1907. <p style="padding:18pt 0pt 12pt 15pt;"><span class="font19">Notes on No. 12</span></p>
    1908. 

  1908. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 11pt 12pt 15pt;"><span class="font19">The marker ne makes a question out of the single vord ill, &quot;you</span><span class="font26">*’： </span><span class="font19">&quot;And you?” or &quot;Hov about you?<sup>11</sup></span></p>
    1909. 

  1909. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 11pt 57pt 15pt;"><span class="font19">Xié is the verb &quot;to thank •” &quot;I thank you<sup>11</sup> would be W5 xièxie </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">nĭ</span><span class="font19">. Xléxie is often repeated: Xiĕxle^ xièxie.</span></p>
    1910. 

  1910. <table border="1">
    1911. 

  1911. <tr><td>
    1912. 

  1912. <p><span class="font19">13. mĭngzi</span></p></td><td>
    1913. 

  1913. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">given name</span></p></td></tr>
    1914. 

  1914. </table>
    1915. 

  1915. <p style="padding:33pt 0pt 12pt 15pt;"><span class="font19">Note on No. 13</span></p>
    1916. 

  1916. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font19">One way to ask what someone's given name is: Nĭ jiăo shĕnme mingzi?</span></p>
    1917. 

  1917. <table>
    1918. 

  1918. <tr><td>
    1919. 

  1919. <p><span class="font19">A. </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation</span><span class="font19"> Drill</span></p></td></tr>
    1920. 

  1920. <tr><td>
    1921. 

  1921. <table border="1">
    1922. 

  1922. <tr><td>
    1923. 

  1923. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 10pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font20">1.</span></p></td><td>
    1924. 

  1924. <p style="padding:0pt 11pt 0pt 58pt;"><span class="font20">Speaker: Tă shi Wan« Xiansheng* (He is Mr. Wang.)</span></p></td><td>
    1925. 

  1925. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font20">You: Tā shi Wăng Xiansheng ma? (Is he Mr. Wáng?)</span></p></td></tr>
    1926. 

  1926. <tr><td>
    1927. 

  1927. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 10pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font20">2.</span></p></td><td>
    1928. 

  1928. <p style="padding:0pt 89pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font20">Tā shi Hu Tàitai. (She is Mrs. Hu.)</span></p></td><td>
    1929. 

  1929. <p style="padding:0pt 58pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font20">Tā shi Hú Tàitai ma? (Is she Mrs. Hú?)</span></p></td></tr>
    1930. 

  1930. <tr><td>
    1931. 

  1931. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 10pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font20">3.</span></p></td><td>
    1932. 

  1932. <p style="padding:0pt 75pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font20">Tā shi Liu Tongzhì. (He is Comrade Liu.)</span></p></td><td>
    1933. 

  1933. <p style="padding:0pt 58pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font20">Tā shi Liú Tongzhì ma? (Is he Comrade Liu?)</span></p></td></tr>
    1934. 

  1934. <tr><td>
    1935. 

  1935. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 10pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font8" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
    1936. 

  1936. <p style="padding:0pt 75pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font20">Tā shi Zhang Xiăojiĕ. (She is Miss Zhāng.)</span></p></td><td>
    1937. 

  1937. <p style="padding:0pt 42pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font20">Tă shi Zhang XiSojiS ma? (Is she Miss Zhang?)</span></p></td></tr>
    1938. 

  1938. <tr><td>
    1939. 

  1939. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 10pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font20">5.</span></p></td><td>
    1940. 

  1940. <p style="padding:0pt 75pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font20">Tā shi MS Xiansheng. (He is Mr. Ma.)</span></p></td><td>
    1941. 

  1941. <p style="padding:0pt 42pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font20">Tā shi MS Xiansheng ma? (Is he Mr. Ma?)</span></p></td></tr>
    1942. 

  1942. <tr><td>
    1943. 

  1943. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 10pt 24pt 0pt;"><span class="font20">6.</span></p>
    1944. 

  1944. <p style="text-align:right;padding:24pt 10pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font20">7.</span></p></td><td>
    1945. 

  1945. <p style="padding:0pt 75pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font20">Tā shi Fang Xi&amp;ojíĕ. (She is Miss Fang.)</span></p>
    1946. 

  1946. <p style="padding:9pt 75pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font20">Tā shi Lin Tongzhĭ. (He is Comrade Lin.)</span></p></td><td>
    1947. 

  1947. <p style="padding:0pt 42pt 9pt 22pt;"><span class="font20">Tā shi Fang XlSojiS ma? (Is she Miss Fang?)</span></p>
    1948. 

  1948. <p style="padding:9pt 42pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font20">Tă shi Lin Tŏngzhĭ ma? (Is he Comrade Lín?)</span></p></td></tr>
    1949. 

  1949. </table></td></tr>
    1950. 

  1950. </table>
    1951. 

  1951. <table>
    1952. 

  1952. <tr><td>
    1953. 

  1953. <p><span class="font19">B. Response Drill</span></p></td></tr>
    1954. 

  1954. <tr><td>
    1955. 

  1955. <table border="1">
    1956. 

  1956. <tr><td>
    1957. 

  1957. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    1958. 

  1958. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker: Tā shi WanK Xiansheng ma? (Is he Mr. Wang?)</span></p></td><td>
    1959. 

  1959. <p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font19">You: Shi, Tā shi </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">Wing</span><span class="font19"> Xiansheng. (Yes. He is Mr. Wang.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1960. 

  1960. <tr><td>
    1961. 

  1961. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    1962. 

  1962. <p style="padding:0pt 76pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Zhào Tàitai ma? (Is she Mrs. Zhào?)</span></p></td><td>
    1963. 

  1963. <p style="padding:0pt 49pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Shi. Tā shi Zhào Tàitai. (Yes, She is Mrs. Zhào.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1964. 

  1964. <tr><td>
    1965. 

  1965. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    1966. 

  1966. <p style="padding:0pt 76pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Chen Tongzhì ma? (Is she Comrade Chen?)</span></p></td><td>
    1967. 

  1967. <p style="padding:0pt 27pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Shi. Tā shi Chen Téngzhĭ. (Yes. She is Comrade Chen.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1968. 

  1968. <tr><td>
    1969. 

  1969. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">h.</span></p></td><td>
    1970. 

  1970. <p style="padding:0pt 76pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Liú Xiăojiĕ ma? (Is she Miss Liu?)</span></p></td><td>
    1971. 

  1971. <p style="padding:0pt 49pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Shi, Tă shi Liú Xiăoji?. (Yes. She is Miss Liu.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1972. 

  1972. <tr><td>
    1973. 

  1973. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    1974. 

  1974. <p style="padding:0pt 54pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Song Xiansheng ma? (Is he Mr. Song?)</span></p></td><td>
    1975. 

  1975. <p style="padding:0pt 27pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Shi. Tā shi Sŏng Xiansheng. (Yes. He is Mr. Song.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1976. 

  1976. <tr><td>
    1977. 

  1977. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    1978. 

  1978. <p style="padding:0pt 76pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Tā'shi Sun Tàitai ma? (Is she Mrs. Sun?)</span></p></td><td>
    1979. 

  1979. <p style="padding:0pt 49pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Shi. Tā shi Sun Tàitai. (Yes. She is Mrs. Sun.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1980. 

  1980. <tr><td>
    1981. 

  1981. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">7.</span></p></td><td>
    1982. 

  1982. <p style="padding:0pt 54pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Zhāng Xiansheng ma? (Is he Mr. Zhang?)</span></p></td><td>
    1983. 

  1983. <p style="padding:0pt 27pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Shi. Tā shi Zhang Xiansheng. (Yes. He is Mr. Zhans*)</span></p></td></tr>
    1984. 

  1984. </table></td></tr>
    1985. 

  1985. </table>
    1986. 

  1986. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">C. </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response</span><span class="font19"> Drill</span></p>
    1987. 

  1987. <p style="text-indent:27pt;padding:12pt 41pt 12pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">All of your answers vill &quot;be negative. Give the correct name according to the cue.</span></p>
    1988. 

  1988. <table border="1">
    1989. 

  1989. <tr><td>
    1990. 

  1990. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    1991. 

  1991. <p style="padding:0pt 13pt 0pt 62pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker: Tā shi Wang Xiansheng ma? (cue) Liu (Is he Mr. </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">^īangĭ)</span></p></td><td>
    1992. 

  1992. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">You: Bú shi. Tā shi Liú Xiansheng. (No. He is </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">Mr.</span><span class="font19"> Liú,)</span></p></td></tr>
    1993. 

  1993. <tr><td>
    1994. 

  1994. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">2,</span></p></td><td>
    1995. 

  1995. <p style="padding:0pt 13pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Gāo Xi&amp;ojiS ma? Zhăo (Is she Miss Gao?)</span></p></td><td>
    1996. 

  1996. <p style="padding:0pt 48pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Bŭ shi. Tā shi Zhào Xiăojiĕ, (No. She is Miss Zhào.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1997. 

  1997. <tr><td>
    1998. 

  1998. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    1999. 

  1999. <p style="padding:0pt 13pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">Ta shi Huăng Téngzhì ma? </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">Wing </span><span class="font19">(Is she Comrade Huang?)</span></p></td><td>
    2000. 

  2000. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Bŭ shi. Tā shi Wăng Tŏngzhí. (No. She is Comrade Vang*)</span></p></td></tr>
    2001. 

  2001. <tr><td>
    2002. 

  2002. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
    2003. 

  2003. <p style="padding:0pt 13pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Y&amp;ng Tàitai ma? JiSng (Is she Mrs. Yang?)</span></p></td><td>
    2004. 

  2004. <p style="padding:0pt 48pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Bu shi. Ta shi Jiang Tăltai. (No. She is Mrs. Jiang.)</span></p></td></tr>
    2005. 

  2005. <tr><td>
    2006. 

  2006. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    2007. 

  2007. <p style="padding:0pt 13pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi MS Xiansheng ma? Mao (Is he Mr. Ma?)</span></p></td><td>
    2008. 

  2008. <p style="padding:0pt 48pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Bŭ shi, Tā shi Mao Xiansheng. (No. He is Mr.</span><span class="font26">戚</span><span class="font19">o.)</span></p></td></tr>
    2009. 

  2009. <tr><td>
    2010. 

  2010. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">6.</span></p></td><td>
    2011. 

  2011. <p style="padding:0pt 13pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Zhou XlSojiS ma? Zhào (Is she Miss Zhou?)</span></p></td><td>
    2012. 

  2012. <p style="padding:0pt 48pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Bú shi. Tă shi Zhào Xiăojig. (No. She is Miss Zhào.)</span></p></td></tr>
    2013. 

  2013. <tr><td>
    2014. 

  2014. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">7.</span></p></td><td>
    2015. 

  2015. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Jiang Xiansheng ma?</span></p>
    2016. 

  2016. <p style="padding:0pt 13pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">JiSng (Is he Mr. Jiang?)</span></p></td><td>
    2017. 

  2017. <p style="padding:0pt 31pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Bŭ shi, Tā shi JiSng Xiansheng. (No. He is Mr. Jiang.)</span></p></td></tr>
    2018. 

  2018. </table>
    2019. 

  2019. <p style="text-indent:27pt;padding:36pt 0pt 12pt 8pt;"><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response</span><span class="font19"> Drill</span></p>
    2020. 

  2020. <p style="text-indent:27pt;padding:12pt 41pt 12pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">This drill is a combination of the two previous drills. Give an affirmative or a negative ansver according to the cue.</span></p>
    2021. 

  2021. <table border="1">
    2022. 

  2022. <tr><td>
    2023. 

  2023. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    2024. 

  2024. <p style="padding:0pt 24pt 0pt 67pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker: Tā shi Liŭ Tàitai ma? (cue) Liu (Is she Mrs. Liu?)</span></p></td><td>
    2025. 

  2025. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 60pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">You: Shi. Tā shi Liŭ Tàitai. (Yes* She is Mrs. Liu.)</span></p></td></tr>
    2026. 

  2026. <tr><td>
    2027. 

  2027. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"></p></td><td>
    2028. 

  2028. <p style="padding:0pt 24pt 0pt 67pt;"><span class="font19">OR Tă shi Liŭ Tàìtai ma? Huang (Is she Mrs. Liu?)</span></p></td><td>
    2029. 

  2029. <p style="padding:0pt 30pt 0pt 42pt;"><span class="font19">Bŭ shi. Tā shi Huang Tàìtaì. (No. She is Mrs. Huang.)</span></p></td></tr>
    2030. 

  2030. <tr><td>
    2031. 

  2031. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    2032. 

  2032. <p style="padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Wáng Xiansheng ma? Wang (is he Mr. Wang?)</span></p></td><td>
    2033. 

  2033. <p style="padding:0pt 60pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">Shi. Tā shi Wăng Xiāpsheng. (Yes. He is Mr. Wáng.)</span></p></td></tr>
    2034. 

  2034. <tr><td>
    2035. 

  2035. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    2036. 

  2036. <p style="padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Gāo Tàitai ma? Zhào (Is she Mrs. Gāo?)</span></p></td><td>
    2037. 

  2037. <p style="padding:0pt 60pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">Bu shi. Tā shi Zhào Tàitai. (No. She is Mrs. Zhào.)</span></p></td></tr>
    2038. 

  2038. <tr><td>
    2039. 

  2039. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
    2040. 

  2040. <p style="padding:0pt 24pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Tăng Xiaojie ma? Tang (is she Miss Tang?)</span></p></td><td>
    2041. 

  2041. <p style="padding:0pt 76pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">Shi. Ta shi Tang Xiăoji?. (Yes. She is Miss Tang.)</span></p></td></tr>
    2042. 

  2042. </table>
    2043. 

  2043. <table border="1">
    2044. 

  2044. <tr><td>
    2045. 

  2045. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    2046. 

  2046. <p style="padding:0pt 49pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Huang Xiansheng ma? Wang</span></p>
    2047. 

  2047. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">(Is he Mr. Huang?)</span></p></td><td>
    2048. 

  2048. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Bŭ shi. Tā shi Wang Xiansheng. </span><span class="font20">(No. He is Mr. Wang</span><span class="font8" style="font-style:italic;">^)</span></p></td></tr>
    2049. 

  2049. <tr><td>
    2050. 

  2050. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">6.</span></p></td><td>
    2051. 

  2051. <p style="padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Zhang Tàitaì ma? Jiang </span><span class="font20">(Is she Mrs. Zhāng?)</span></p></td><td>
    2052. 

  2052. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">Bŭ.shi. Tā shi Jlāng Tàitai-(No. She is Mrs. Jiang.)</span></p></td></tr>
    2053. 

  2053. </table>
    2054. 

  2054. <table>
    2055. 

  2055. <tr><td>
    2056. 

  2056. <p><span class="font19">TransformatIon Drill</span></p></td></tr>
    2057. 

  2057. <tr><td>
    2058. 

  2058. <table border="1">
    2059. 

  2059. <tr><td>
    2060. 

  2060. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">1. Speaker: Nĭ shi Zhănff Xiansheng ma?</span></p>
    2061. 

  2061. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 83pt;"><span class="font19">(Are you Mr. Zhang?)</span></p></td><td>
    2062. 

  2062. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">You: Nĭ xĭng Zhang ma?</span></p>
    2063. 

  2063. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">(Is your surname Zhang?)</span></p></td></tr>
    2064. 

  2064. <tr><td>
    2065. 

  2065. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">2. Nĭ shi Zhăo Tàitai ma? (Are you Mrs. Zhào?)</span></p></td><td>
    2066. 

  2066. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">NX xing Zhào ma?</span></p>
    2067. 

  2067. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">(Is your surname Zhào?)</span></p></td></tr>
    2068. 

  2068. <tr><td>
    2069. 

  2069. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">3. NX shi JiSng XiSojiS ma? (Are you Miss JiSng?)</span></p></td><td>
    2070. 

  2070. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ xing JiSng ma?</span></p>
    2071. 

  2071. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">(Is your surname Jiang?)</span></p></td></tr>
    2072. 

  2072. <tr><td>
    2073. 

  2073. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font26">紅</span><span class="font19">。Nĭ shi Liŭ Tŏngzhì ma? (Are you Comrade Liu?)</span></p></td><td>
    2074. 

  2074. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ xing Liŭ ma?</span></p>
    2075. 

  2075. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">(Is your surname Liu?)</span></p></td></tr>
    2076. 

  2076. <tr><td>
    2077. 

  2077. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">5.、Nĭ shi Sdng Tàitai ma? (Are you Mrs. Song?)</span></p></td><td>
    2078. 

  2078. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">Ni xĭng Sŏng ma?</span></p>
    2079. 

  2079. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">(Is your surname Sdng?)</span></p></td></tr>
    2080. 

  2080. <tr><td>
    2081. 

  2081. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">6. Nĭ shi Lĭ Xiansheng ma? (Are you Mr. Li?)</span></p></td><td>
    2082. 

  2082. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">Ni xing Lĭ ma?</span></p>
    2083. 

  2083. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">(Is your surname Lĭ?)</span></p></td></tr>
    2084. 

  2084. <tr><td>
    2085. 

  2085. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">7- Nĭ shi Sun Tongzhí ma? (Are you Comrade Sŭn?)</span></p></td><td>
    2086. 

  2086. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ xing Sun ma?</span></p>
    2087. 

  2087. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">(Is your surname Sun?)</span></p></td></tr>
    2088. 

  2088. </table></td></tr>
    2089. 

  2089. </table>
    2090. 

  2090. <table>
    2091. 

  2091. <tr><td>
    2092. 

  2092. <p><span class="font19">F. </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation</span><span class="font19"> Drill</span></p></td></tr>
    2093. 

  2093. <tr><td>
    2094. 

  2094. <table border="1">
    2095. 

  2095. <tr><td>
    2096. 

  2096. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    2097. 

  2097. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker: WS xĭn^ ZhănR.</span></p>
    2098. 

  2098. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 16pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">(My surname is Zhāng.)</span></p></td><td>
    2099. 

  2099. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font19">You: W5 bú xìng Zhăng.</span></p>
    2100. 

  2100. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 52pt;"><span class="font21">(My </span><span class="font19">surname is not Zhang.)</span></p></td></tr>
    2101. 

  2101. <tr><td>
    2102. 

  2102. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    2103. 

  2103. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">W5 xìng Chĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    2104. 

  2104. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font19">W5 bŭ xìng Chĕn.</span></p></td></tr>
    2105. 

  2105. <tr><td>
    2106. 

  2106. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    2107. 

  2107. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">W5 xĭng Huang.</span></p></td><td>
    2108. 

  2108. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font19">WS bú xing Huáng.</span></p></td></tr>
    2109. 

  2109. <tr><td>
    2110. 

  2110. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">h.</span></p></td><td>
    2111. 

  2111. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">WS xĭng Gāo.</span></p></td><td>
    2112. 

  2112. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font19">Wo bú xing Gāo.</span></p></td></tr>
    2113. 

  2113. <tr><td>
    2114. 

  2114. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    2115. 

  2115. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">W5 xing Sun.</span></p></td><td>
    2116. 

  2116. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font19">W5 bú xing Sūn.</span></p></td></tr>
    2117. 

  2117. </table></td></tr>
    2118. 

  2118. </table>
    2119. 

  2119. <table border="1">
    2120. 

  2120. <tr><td>
    2121. 

  2121. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font20">6.</span></p></td><td>
    2122. 

  2122. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font20">W8 xing Zhăng.</span></p></td><td>
    2123. 

  2123. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 45pt;"><span class="font20">WS bŭ xing Zhāng.</span></p></td></tr>
    2124. 

  2124. <tr><td>
    2125. 

  2125. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font20">7.</span></p></td><td>
    2126. 

  2126. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font20">W5 xing Zhōu.</span></p></td><td>
    2127. 

  2127. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 45pt;"><span class="font20">WS bú xing Zhou.</span></p></td></tr>
    2128. 

  2128. </table>
    2129. 

  2129. <table>
    2130. 

  2130. <tr><td>
    2131. 

  2131. <p><span class="font19">G. Transformation Drill</span></p></td></tr>
    2132. 

  2132. <tr><td>
    2133. 

  2133. <table border="1">
    2134. 

  2134. <tr><td>
    2135. 

  2135. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    2136. 

  2136. <p style="padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 62pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker: W3 bŭ shi Lĭ Xiansheng. (I am not Mr. LI.)</span></p></td><td>
    2137. 

  2137. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font19">You; W8 bú xing Lĭ.</span></p>
    2138. 

  2138. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 59pt;"><span class="font19">(My surname is not Lĭ.)</span></p></td></tr>
    2139. 

  2139. <tr><td>
    2140. 

  2140. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    2141. 

  2141. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 62pt;"><span class="font19">WS tú shi Tàitai.</span></p></td><td>
    2142. 

  2142. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font19">WS bŭ xing Wang.</span></p></td></tr>
    2143. 

  2143. <tr><td>
    2144. 

  2144. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    2145. 

  2145. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 62pt;"><span class="font19" style="font-variant:small-caps;">WS Idŭ shi Chĕn Xiansheng.</span></p></td><td>
    2146. 

  2146. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font19">W5 bu xing Chĕn.</span></p></td></tr>
    2147. 

  2147. <tr><td>
    2148. 

  2148. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
    2149. 

  2149. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 62pt;"><span class="font19">W5 b&amp; shi Lin Téngzhĭ•</span></p></td><td>
    2150. 

  2150. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font19">W8 bŭ xìng Lin.</span></p></td></tr>
    2151. 

  2151. <tr><td>
    2152. 

  2152. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    2153. 

  2153. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 62pt;"><span class="font19">WS bŭ shi Zhōu XiăoJiS.</span></p></td><td>
    2154. 

  2154. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font19">W8 bú xĭng Zhōu.</span></p></td></tr>
    2155. 

  2155. <tr><td>
    2156. 

  2156. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    2157. 

  2157. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 62pt;"><span class="font19">WS bŭ shi JiSng Xiansheng.</span></p></td><td>
    2158. 

  2158. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font19">Wo bú xing JiSng.</span></p></td></tr>
    2159. 

  2159. <tr><td>
    2160. 

  2160. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">7.</span></p></td><td>
    2161. 

  2161. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 62pt;"><span class="font19">WS *bú shi Sŏng Tàìtai •</span></p></td><td>
    2162. 

  2162. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font19">WS bú xĭng Sdng.</span></p></td></tr>
    2163. 

  2163. </table></td></tr>
    2164. 

  2164. </table>
    2165. 

  2165. <table>
    2166. 

  2166. <tr><td>
    2167. 

  2167. <p><span class="font19">H. Expansion Drill</span></p></td></tr>
    2168. 

  2168. <tr><td>
    2169. 

  2169. <table border="1">
    2170. 

  2170. <tr><td>
    2171. 

  2171. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    2172. 

  2172. <p style="padding:0pt 14pt 0pt 62pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker: Tā bú shi Wăng Xiansheng. (cue) Huang (He is not Mr. Wang.)</span></p></td><td>
    2173. 

  2173. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">You: Tā bú shi Wang Xiansheng, tā xing Huăng.</span></p>
    2174. 

  2174. <p style="padding:0pt 72pt 0pt 48pt;"><span class="font19">(He is not Mr. Wang; his surname is Huang.)</span></p></td></tr>
    2175. 

  2175. <tr><td>
    2176. 

  2176. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    2177. 

  2177. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bú shi Jiăng Tàitai. Jiāng</span></p></td><td>
    2178. 

  2178. <p style="padding:0pt 58pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">Tă *bŭ shi Jiang Tàitai, tā xing Jiāng.</span></p></td></tr>
    2179. 

  2179. <tr><td>
    2180. 

  2180. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    2181. 

  2181. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">Tá bú shi Liŭ Téngzhì. Lin</span></p></td><td>
    2182. 

  2182. <p style="padding:0pt 72pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">Tā *bú shi Liu Téngzhĭ, tă xing Lin.</span></p></td></tr>
    2183. 

  2183. <tr><td>
    2184. 

  2184. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">U.</span></p></td><td>
    2185. 

  2185. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bŭ shi Song XiăoJiS, Sun</span></p></td><td>
    2186. 

  2186. <p style="padding:0pt 58pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bú shi Song Xiaojiĕ, tā xing Sun.</span></p></td></tr>
    2187. 

  2187. <tr><td>
    2188. 

  2188. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    2189. 

  2189. <p style="padding:0pt 14pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">Tā *bú shi Zhào Xiansheng. Zhou</span></p></td><td>
    2190. 

  2190. <p style="padding:0pt 72pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bú shi Zhào Xiansheng, tā xing Zh5u.</span></p></td></tr>
    2191. 

  2191. <tr><td>
    2192. 

  2192. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    2193. 

  2193. <p style="padding:0pt 14pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bú shi Jiang Tŏngzhì. Zhāng.</span></p></td><td>
    2194. 

  2194. <p style="padding:0pt 58pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bú shi Jiāng Tongzhì, tā xing Zhāng.</span></p></td></tr>
    2195. 

  2195. <tr><td>
    2196. 

  2196. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font26">了</span><span class="font19">.</span></p></td><td>
    2197. 

  2197. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">Tā ì)ú shi Sūn Tàitai. Sòng</span></p></td><td>
    2198. 

  2198. <p style="padding:0pt 72pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">Tā &quot;bú shi Sūn Tàitai, tā xing Sònc.</span></p></td></tr>
    2199. 

  2199. </table></td></tr>
    2200. 

  2200. </table>
    2201. 

  2201. <table>
    2202. 

  2202. <tr><td>
    2203. 

  2203. <p><span class="font19">I. Expansion Drill</span></p></td></tr>
    2204. 

  2204. <tr><td>
    2205. 

  2205. <table border="1">
    2206. 

  2206. <tr><td>
    2207. 

  2207. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    2208. 

  2208. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker: W8 &quot;bú xing Fang.</span></p>
    2209. 

  2209. <p style="padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 75pt;"><span class="font19">(cue) Hu </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(VSy</span><span class="font19"> surname is not Fang.)</span></p></td><td>
    2210. 

  2210. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 31pt 0pt 41pt;"><span class="font19">You: WS bú xing Fang, xing Hú. </span><span class="font21">(My </span><span class="font19">surname is not Fang; it<sup>f</sup>s Éŭ.)</span></p></td></tr>
    2211. 

  2211. <tr><td>
    2212. 

  2212. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    2213. 

  2213. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">W8 ì&gt;ú xĭng Sun. Sèng</span></p></td><td>
    2214. 

  2214. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 41pt;"><span class="font19">W5 bú xing Sun, xing Sdng.</span></p></td></tr>
    2215. 

  2215. <tr><td>
    2216. 

  2216. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    2217. 

  2217. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">WS bŭ xing Yang. Tang</span></p></td><td>
    2218. 

  2218. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 41pt;"><span class="font19">W5 bú xing Yăng, xing Táng.</span></p></td></tr>
    2219. 

  2219. <tr><td>
    2220. 

  2220. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
    2221. 

  2221. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">W5 bú xing Ji&amp;ng. Zhāng</span></p></td><td>
    2222. 

  2222. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 41pt;"><span class="font19">W5 bŭ xing JiSng, xĭng Zhang.</span></p></td></tr>
    2223. 

  2223. <tr><td>
    2224. 

  2224. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    2225. 

  2225. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">W5 Vŭ xing Zhou. Zhăo</span></p></td><td>
    2226. 

  2226. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 41pt;"><span class="font19">WS bú xing Zhou, xing Zhăo.</span></p></td></tr>
    2227. 

  2227. <tr><td>
    2228. 

  2228. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    2229. 

  2229. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">W?- Wi xing Wăng. Huăng</span></p></td><td>
    2230. 

  2230. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 41pt;"><span class="font19">W5 bú xing ltòng, xing Hu&amp;ng.</span></p></td></tr>
    2231. 

  2231. <tr><td>
    2232. 

  2232. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">7.</span></p></td><td>
    2233. 

  2233. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">W8 bú xing Jiang. JiSng</span></p></td><td>
    2234. 

  2234. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 41pt;"><span class="font19">WS *bú xing Jiăng, xing JiSng.</span></p></td></tr>
    2235. 

  2235. </table></td></tr>
    2236. 

  2236. </table>
    2237. 

  2237. <table>
    2238. 

  2238. <tr><td>
    2239. 

  2239. <p><span class="font19">J. Response Drill</span></p></td></tr>
    2240. 

  2240. <tr><td>
    2241. 

  2241. <table border="1">
    2242. 

  2242. <tr><td>
    2243. 

  2243. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    2244. 

  2244. <p style="padding:0pt 9pt 0pt 67pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker: Tā shi W&amp;ng Xiansheng ma? (cue) Wáng (Is he ífr. Wáng?)</span></p></td><td>
    2245. 

  2245. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">You; Shi. Tā shi Văng Xiansheng. (Yes. He is Mr. Váng.)</span></p></td></tr>
    2246. 

  2246. <tr><td>
    2247. 

  2247. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"></p></td><td>
    2248. 

  2248. <p style="padding:0pt 9pt 0pt 67pt;"><span class="font19">OR Tà shi </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">Vexíg</span><span class="font19"> Xiansheng ma? Huang (Is he Mr. Wang?)</span></p></td><td>
    2249. 

  2249. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">T§. bú shi Wăng Xiansheng.</span></p>
    2250. 

  2250. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xing Huăng.</span></p>
    2251. 

  2251. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">(He is not Mr. Wang. His surname is Huang.)</span></p></td></tr>
    2252. 

  2252. <tr><td>
    2253. 

  2253. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">2.</span></p></td><td>
    2254. 

  2254. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 67pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Liŭ Tàitai ma? Lin</span></p></td><td>
    2255. 

  2255. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bŭ shi Liŭ Tàitai• Tā xing Lin.</span></p></td></tr>
    2256. 

  2256. <tr><td>
    2257. 

  2257. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    2258. 

  2258. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 67pt;"><span class="font19">Ta shi Chĕn XiSojiS ma? Chĕn</span></p></td><td>
    2259. 

  2259. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">Shi. Tā shi Chĕn XiSoJìS.</span></p></td></tr>
    2260. 

  2260. <tr><td>
    2261. 

  2261. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">U.</span></p></td><td>
    2262. 

  2262. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 67pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Măo Xiansheng ma? Măo</span></p></td><td>
    2263. 

  2263. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">Shĭ. Tā shi Măo Xiansheng.</span></p></td></tr>
    2264. 

  2264. <tr><td>
    2265. 

  2265. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    2266. 

  2266. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 67pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Jiang TSngzhĭ ma? Zhang</span></p></td><td>
    2267. 

  2267. <p style="padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bú shi Jlăng TSngzhì. Tā xĭng Zhāng.</span></p></td></tr>
    2268. 

  2268. <tr><td>
    2269. 

  2269. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    2270. 

  2270. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 67pt;"><span class="font19">Tă shi Sdng Tàitai ma? Sŏng</span></p></td><td>
    2271. 

  2271. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">Shi. Tā shi Sŏng Tàitai.</span></p></td></tr>
    2272. 

  2272. <tr><td>
    2273. 

  2273. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font26">了</span><span class="font19">.</span></p></td><td>
    2274. 

  2274. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 67pt;"><span class="font19">Tă shi Lĭ Xiánsheng ma? Wăng</span></p></td><td>
    2275. 

  2275. <p style="padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">Tā &quot;bú shi Lĭ Xiansheng. Tā xing Wăng.</span></p></td></tr>
    2276. 

  2276. </table></td></tr>
    2277. 

  2277. </table>
    2278. 

  2278. <table>
    2279. 

  2279. <tr><td>
    2280. 

  2280. <p><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation</span><span class="font19"> Drill</span></p></td></tr>
    2281. 

  2281. <tr><td>
    2282. 

  2282. <table border="1">
    2283. 

  2283. <tr><td>
    2284. 

  2284. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    2285. 

  2285. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker: W5 xing Wang.</span></p>
    2286. 

  2286. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">(My surname is</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
    2287. 

  2287. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font19">Student 1: Ta xing shĕnme?</span></p>
    2288. 

  2288. <p><span class="font19">Wang.) (What is his surname?)</span></p></td></tr>
    2289. 

  2289. <tr><td>
    2290. 

  2290. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"></p></td><td>
    2291. 

  2291. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td colspan="2">
    2292. 

  2292. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font19">Student 2: Tā xing Wang.</span></p>
    2293. 

  2293. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 125pt;"><span class="font19">(His surname is Wang.)</span></p></td></tr>
    2294. 

  2294. <tr><td>
    2295. 

  2295. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font20" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">2.</span></p></td><td>
    2296. 

  2296. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">W8 xing Chén.</span></p></td><td>
    2297. 

  2297. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">SI:</span></p></td><td>
    2298. 

  2298. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xing ahĕnme?</span></p></td></tr>
    2299. 

  2299. <tr><td>
    2300. 

  2300. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"></p></td><td>
    2301. 

  2301. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td>
    2302. 

  2302. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">S2:</span></p></td><td>
    2303. 

  2303. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Tă xìng Chĕn.</span></p></td></tr>
    2304. 

  2304. <tr><td>
    2305. 

  2305. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    2306. 

  2306. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">WS xĭng Liú*</span></p></td><td>
    2307. 

  2307. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">SI:</span></p></td><td>
    2308. 

  2308. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Tă xing shénme?</span></p></td></tr>
    2309. 

  2309. <tr><td>
    2310. 

  2310. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"></p></td><td>
    2311. 

  2311. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td>
    2312. 

  2312. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">S2:</span></p></td><td>
    2313. 

  2313. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xing Liu.</span></p></td></tr>
    2314. 

  2314. <tr><td>
    2315. 

  2315. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font20" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
    2316. 

  2316. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">WS xing Huāng.</span></p></td><td>
    2317. 

  2317. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">SI:</span></p></td><td>
    2318. 

  2318. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Ta xĭng shĕnme?</span></p></td></tr>
    2319. 

  2319. <tr><td>
    2320. 

  2320. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"></p></td><td>
    2321. 

  2321. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td>
    2322. 

  2322. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">S2:</span></p></td><td>
    2323. 

  2323. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xing Huăng.</span></p></td></tr>
    2324. 

  2324. <tr><td>
    2325. 

  2325. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    2326. 

  2326. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">WS xing Sdng.</span></p></td><td>
    2327. 

  2327. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">SI:</span></p></td><td>
    2328. 

  2328. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xing shĕnme?</span></p></td></tr>
    2329. 

  2329. <tr><td>
    2330. 

  2330. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"></p></td><td>
    2331. 

  2331. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td>
    2332. 

  2332. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">S2:</span></p></td><td>
    2333. 

  2333. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Tā </span><span class="font20" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">xing</span><span class="font3"> </span><span class="font19">Song.</span></p></td></tr>
    2334. 

  2334. <tr><td>
    2335. 

  2335. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    2336. 

  2336. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">WS xĭng Lĭ.</span></p></td><td>
    2337. 

  2337. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">SI:</span></p></td><td>
    2338. 

  2338. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xing shĕnme?</span></p></td></tr>
    2339. 

  2339. <tr><td>
    2340. 

  2340. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"></p></td><td>
    2341. 

  2341. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td>
    2342. 

  2342. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">S2:</span></p></td><td>
    2343. 

  2343. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xing Lĭ.</span></p></td></tr>
    2344. 

  2344. <tr><td>
    2345. 

  2345. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">7.</span></p></td><td>
    2346. 

  2346. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">W8 xing </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">y&amp;ng.</span></p></td><td>
    2347. 

  2347. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">SI:</span></p></td><td>
    2348. 

  2348. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xing shénme?</span></p></td></tr>
    2349. 

  2349. <tr><td>
    2350. 

  2350. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"></p></td><td>
    2351. 

  2351. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td>
    2352. 

  2352. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">S2:</span></p></td><td>
    2353. 

  2353. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xing Wang.</span></p></td></tr>
    2354. 

  2354. </table></td></tr>
    2355. 

  2355. </table>
    2356. 

  2356. <table>
    2357. 

  2357. <tr><td>
    2358. 

  2358. <p><span class="font19">L. Transformation Drill</span></p></td></tr>
    2359. 

  2359. <tr><td>
    2360. 

  2360. <table border="1">
    2361. 

  2361. <tr><td>
    2362. 

  2362. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    2363. 

  2363. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker: W5 xing Wáng jiào Dăniăn.</span></p>
    2364. 

  2364. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 72pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">Oty</span><span class="font19"> surname is Wéng, and my given name is Dăniăn.)</span></p></td><td>
    2365. 

  2365. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 30pt 3pt 61pt;"><span class="font19">You: Nĭ xĭng Wang jìào shĕnme? (Your surname is Wang, and what is your given name?)</span></p>
    2366. 

  2366. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:3pt 0pt 3pt 61pt;"><span class="font19">Speakers Dănìăn.</span></p>
    2367. 

  2367. <p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 79pt;"><span class="font19">(Dinián,)</span></p></td></tr>
    2368. 

  2368. <tr><td>
    2369. 

  2369. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    2370. 

  2370. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">WS xing Hŭ jiào M5ilíng<sub>8</sub></span></p></td><td>
    2371. 

  2371. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 61pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ xing Hú Jiào shĕnme? Mĕilíng.</span></p></td></tr>
    2372. 

  2372. <tr><td>
    2373. 

  2373. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    2374. 

  2374. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">W8 xing Lĭ jiào Shìyĭng.</span></p></td><td>
    2375. 

  2375. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 61pt;"><span class="font19">Rĭ xing Lĭ jiào shĕnme? Shìyĭng-</span></p></td></tr>
    2376. 

  2376. <tr><td>
    2377. 

  2377. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">h.</span></p></td><td>
    2378. 

  2378. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">W5 xing Fang Jiào Băolán.</span></p></td><td>
    2379. 

  2379. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 61pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ xing Fang Jiào shenme? Băolán-</span></p></td></tr>
    2380. 

  2380. <tr><td>
    2381. 

  2381. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    2382. 

  2382. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">WS xing Sun Jiào Dexiăn.</span></p></td><td>
    2383. 

  2383. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 61pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ xing Sun Jiào shĕnme? Dĕxián.</span></p></td></tr>
    2384. 

  2384. <tr><td>
    2385. 

  2385. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    2386. 

  2386. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">W5 xing Chĕn Jiào Huìran.</span></p></td><td>
    2387. 

  2387. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 61pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ xing Chen jiào shĕnme? Huìrăn.</span></p></td></tr>
    2388. 

  2388. <tr><td>
    2389. 

  2389. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">7.</span></p></td><td>
    2390. 

  2390. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">W5 xing Zhang Jiào Zhènhàn.</span></p></td><td>
    2391. 

  2391. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 61pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ xing Zhang jiào shĕnme? Zhènhàn.</span></p></td></tr>
    2392. 

  2392. </table></td></tr>
    2393. 

  2393. </table>
    2394. 

  2394. <table>
    2395. 

  2395. <tr><td>
    2396. 

  2396. <p><span class="font19">Combination Drill</span></p></td></tr>
    2397. 

  2397. <tr><td>
    2398. 

  2398. <table border="1">
    2399. 

  2399. <tr><td>
    2400. 

  2400. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    2401. 

  2401. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker: Tā </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">xìnR</span><span class="font19"> Chĕn. Tā Jiào BSolăn.</span></p>
    2402. 

  2402. <p style="padding:0pt 18pt 0pt 68pt;"><span class="font19">(Her surname is Chĕn*. Her given name is Baolan.)</span></p></td><td>
    2403. 

  2403. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 85pt 0pt 51pt;"><span class="font19">You: Tā xing Chĕn, Jlăo BSolăn. (Her surname is Chén</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19"> given name BSol&amp;n.)</span></p></td></tr>
    2404. 

  2404. <tr><td>
    2405. 

  2405. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    2406. 

  2406. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xìng LI. Tā jiào Mínglĭ.</span></p></td><td>
    2407. 

  2407. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 51pt;"><span class="font19">Tă xing Lĭ, jiào Mínglĭ.</span></p></td></tr>
    2408. 

  2408. <tr><td>
    2409. 

  2409. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    2410. 

  2410. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xing Hŭ. Tā jiăo BSolăn.</span></p></td><td>
    2411. 

  2411. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 51pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xĭng Hŭ, jiăo BSolán.</span></p></td></tr>
    2412. 

  2412. <tr><td>
    2413. 

  2413. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 15pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">U.</span></p>
    2414. 

  2414. <p style="padding:15pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    2415. 

  2415. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xing Jiang, Tā Jlào Dĕxiăn. Tā xing Zhōu. Tā JieLo ZXyăn.</span></p></td><td>
    2416. 

  2416. <p style="padding:0pt 106pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xĭng Jiang, jiào Dĕxiăn* Ta xìng Zh5u» jiăo Zĭyán.</span></p></td></tr>
    2417. 

  2417. <tr><td>
    2418. 

  2418. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    2419. 

  2419. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Vā xìng Zhang. Tā Jlào Tíngfeng.</span></p></td><td>
    2420. 

  2420. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 51pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xing ZhSng, jiăo Tíngfĕng.</span></p></td></tr>
    2421. 

  2421. <tr><td>
    2422. 

  2422. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">7.</span></p></td><td>
    2423. 

  2423. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xing Chĕn. Tā Jiăo Huìrăn.</span></p></td><td>
    2424. 

  2424. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 51pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xĭng </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">Chén<sub>9</span><span class="font19"></sub> Jiăo Huĭrán.</span></p></td></tr>
    2425. 

  2425. </table></td></tr>
    2426. 

  2426. </table>
    2427. 

  2427. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><a name="bookmark83"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">UNIT 3 INTRODUCTION</span></p>
    2428. 

  2428. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">Topics Covered in This Unit</span></p>
    2429. 

  2429. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nationality.</span></p>
    2430. 

  2430. <p style="padding:6pt 0pt 33pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Home state<sub>9</sub> province, and city.</span></p>
    2431. 

  2431. <p style="padding:33pt 0pt 12pt 24pt;"><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Prerecmlsites</span><span class="font19"> to the Unit</span></p>
    2432. 

  2432. <p style="padding:12pt 11pt 6pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;P6R 5 and P&amp;R </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">6</span><span class="font19"> (Tapes 5 and 6 of the resource module on Pronunciation and Romanization).</span></p>
    2433. 

  2433. <p style="padding:6pt 11pt 33pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;NUM 1 and NUM 2 (Tapes 1 and 2 of the resource module on Numbers), the numbers from 1 to 10,</span></p>
    2434. 

  2434. <p style="padding:33pt 0pt 12pt 24pt;"><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Materials</span><span class="font19"> You Will Need</span></p>
    2435. 

  2435. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The C-l and P-l tapes, the Reference List and Reference Notes.</span></p>
    2436. 

  2436. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The C-2 and P-2 tapes, the Workbook.</span></p>
    2437. 

  2437. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The 3D-1 tape.</span></p>
    2438. 

  2438. <table border="1">
    2439. 

  2439. <tr><td>
    2440. 

  2440. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
    2441. 

  2441. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"></p></td><td colspan="2">
    2442. 

  2442. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">REFERENCE LIST</span></p></td></tr>
    2443. 

  2443. <tr><td>
    2444. 

  2444. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    2445. 

  2445. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    2446. 

  2446. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">NX shi MSiguo rén ma?</span></p></td><td>
    2447. 

  2447. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">Are you an American?</span></p></td></tr>
    2448. 

  2448. <tr><td>
    2449. 

  2449. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
    2450. 

  2450. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    2451. 

  2451. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">W5 shi MSìguo rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    2452. 

  2452. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">I<sup>f</sup>m an American.</span></p></td></tr>
    2453. 

  2453. <tr><td>
    2454. 

  2454. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">2.</span></p></td><td>
    2455. 

  2455. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    2456. 

  2456. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Ni shi Zbōngguo rĕn ma?</span></p></td><td>
    2457. 

  2457. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">Are you Chinese?</span></p></td></tr>
    2458. 

  2458. <tr><td>
    2459. 

  2459. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
    2460. 

  2460. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B</span><span class="font26">：</span></p></td><td>
    2461. 

  2461. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">W8 shi Zbōngguo rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    2462. 

  2462. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">I,m Chinese.</span></p></td></tr>
    2463. 

  2463. <tr><td>
    2464. 

  2464. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    2465. 

  2465. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    2466. 

  2466. <p style="padding:0pt 46pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Wang Xiansheng, nĭ shi YIngguo rĕn ma?</span></p></td><td>
    2467. 

  2467. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">Mr. W&amp;ng, are you English?</span></p></td></tr>
    2468. 

  2468. <tr><td>
    2469. 

  2469. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
    2470. 

  2470. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    2471. 

  2471. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">W5 bú shi Yĭngguo rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    2472. 

  2472. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">ī^m</span><span class="font19"> not English.</span></p></td></tr>
    2473. 

  2473. <tr><td>
    2474. 

  2474. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">1*.</span></p></td><td>
    2475. 

  2475. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    2476. 

  2476. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi Zhōngguo rĕn ma?</span></p></td><td>
    2477. 

  2477. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">Are you Chinese?</span></p></td></tr>
    2478. 

  2478. <tr><td>
    2479. 

  2479. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
    2480. 

  2480. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B.</span></p></td><td>
    2481. 

  2481. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Bú shi.</span></p></td><td>
    2482. 

  2482. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">No.</span></p></td></tr>
    2483. 

  2483. <tr><td>
    2484. 

  2484. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
    2485. 

  2485. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    2486. 

  2486. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi MSìguo rĕn ma?</span></p></td><td>
    2487. 

  2487. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">Are you an American?</span></p></td></tr>
    2488. 

  2488. <tr><td>
    2489. 

  2489. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
    2490. 

  2490. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B</span><span class="font26">：</span></p></td><td>
    2491. 

  2491. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Shì.</span></p></td><td>
    2492. 

  2492. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">Yes, I am*</span></p></td></tr>
    2493. 

  2493. <tr><td>
    2494. 

  2494. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    2495. 

  2495. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    2496. 

  2496. <p style="padding:0pt 46pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">MS. XiSoJìS shi MSiguo rĕn ma?</span></p></td><td>
    2497. 

  2497. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">Is Miss MS an American?</span></p></td></tr>
    2498. 

  2498. <tr><td>
    2499. 

  2499. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
    2500. 

  2500. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    2501. 

  2501. <p style="padding:0pt 46pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Bŭ shi, tā tŭ shi Mgiguo rĕn*</span></p></td><td>
    2502. 

  2502. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">No, she is not American.</span></p></td></tr>
    2503. 

  2503. <tr><td>
    2504. 

  2504. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
    2505. 

  2505. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    2506. 

  2506. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Zhongguo rĕn xna?</span></p></td><td>
    2507. 

  2507. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">Is she Chinese?</span></p></td></tr>
    2508. 

  2508. <tr><td>
    2509. 

  2509. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
    2510. 

  2510. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B</span><span class="font26">：</span></p></td><td>
    2511. 

  2511. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Shi, tā shi Zhōngguo rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    2512. 

  2512. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">Yes, she is Chinese.</span></p></td></tr>
    2513. 

  2513. <tr><td>
    2514. 

  2514. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    2515. 

  2515. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    2516. 

  2516. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font26">虹</span><span class="font19"> shi nSiguo rĕn?</span></p></td><td>
    2517. 

  2517. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">What is your nationality?</span></p></td></tr>
    2518. 

  2518. <tr><td>
    2519. 

  2519. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
    2520. 

  2520. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B</span><span class="font26">：</span></p></td><td>
    2521. 

  2521. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">W5 shi MSiguo rén.</span></p></td><td>
    2522. 

  2522. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">I'm American.</span></p></td></tr>
    2523. 

  2523. <tr><td>
    2524. 

  2524. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">7.</span></p></td><td>
    2525. 

  2525. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    2526. 

  2526. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi nSiguo rĕn?</span></p></td><td>
    2527. 

  2527. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">What is his nationality?</span></p></td></tr>
    2528. 

  2528. <tr><td>
    2529. 

  2529. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
    2530. 

  2530. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    2531. 

  2531. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Yĭngguo rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    2532. 

  2532. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">He is English.</span></p></td></tr>
    2533. 

  2533. <tr><td>
    2534. 

  2534. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">8.</span></p></td><td>
    2535. 

  2535. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    2536. 

  2536. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi n&amp;rde rén?</span></p></td><td>
    2537. 

  2537. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">Where are you from?</span></p></td></tr>
    2538. 

  2538. <tr><td>
    2539. 

  2539. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
    2540. 

  2540. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B</span><span class="font26">：</span></p></td><td>
    2541. 

  2541. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">WS shi ShănghSi rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    2542. 

  2542. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">I'm from ShănghSl.</span></p></td></tr>
    2543. 

  2543. <tr><td>
    2544. 

  2544. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">9.</span></p></td><td>
    2545. 

  2545. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    2546. 

  2546. <p style="padding:0pt 46pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Tà shi Fang BSolănde xiansheng.</span></p></td><td>
    2547. 

  2547. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">He is Fang BSòlán<sup>f</sup>s husband.</span></p></td></tr>
    2548. 

  2548. <tr><td>
    2549. 

  2549. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">10.</span></p></td><td>
    2550. 

  2550. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    2551. 

  2551. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi nSrde rĕn?</span></p></td><td>
    2552. 

  2552. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">Where is he from?</span></p></td></tr>
    2553. 

  2553. <tr><td>
    2554. 

  2554. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
    2555. 

  2555. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B</span><span class="font26">：</span></p></td><td>
    2556. 

  2556. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Shandong rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    2557. 

  2557. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">He,s from Shandong.</span></p></td></tr>
    2558. 

  2558. <tr><td>
    2559. 

  2559. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">11.</span></p></td><td>
    2560. 

  2560. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    2561. 

  2561. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi nSrde rĕn?</span></p></td><td>
    2562. 

  2562. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">Where are you from?</span></p></td></tr>
    2563. 

  2563. <tr><td>
    2564. 

  2564. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
    2565. 

  2565. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    2566. 

  2566. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">W5 shi Jiăzhōu rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    2567. 

  2567. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">I,m a Californian.</span></p></td></tr>
    2568. 

  2568. </table>
    2569. 

  2569. <table border="1">
    2570. 

  2570. <tr><td>
    2571. 

  2571. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">12.</span></p></td><td>
    2572. 

  2572. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">A: NX</span></p></td><td>
    2573. 

  2573. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">shi MSiguo rĕn ma?</span></p></td><td>
    2574. 

  2574. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font19">Are you an American?</span></p></td></tr>
    2575. 

  2575. <tr><td>
    2576. 

  2576. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
    2577. 

  2577. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">A: NX</span></p></td><td>
    2578. 

  2578. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">shi nSiguo rĕn?</span></p></td><td>
    2579. 

  2579. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font19">What、your nationality?</span></p></td></tr>
    2580. 

  2580. <tr><td>
    2581. 

  2581. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
    2582. 

  2582. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">A: NX</span></p></td><td>
    2583. 

  2583. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">shi nSrde rĕn?</span></p></td><td>
    2584. 

  2584. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font19">Where axe you from?</span></p></td></tr>
    2585. 

  2585. </table>
    2586. 

  2586. <p style="padding:36pt 198pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-l tapes)</span></p>
    2587. 

  2587. <table border="1">
    2588. 

  2588. <tr><td>
    2589. 

  2589. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    2590. 

  2590. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"></p></td><td>
    2591. 

  2591. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"></p></td></tr>
    2592. 

  2592. <tr><td>
    2593. 

  2593. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">13.</span></p></td><td>
    2594. 

  2594. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">Dégu6</span></p></td><td>
    2595. 

  2595. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">Germany</span></p></td></tr>
    2596. 

  2596. <tr><td>
    2597. 

  2597. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">lU.</span></p></td><td>
    2598. 

  2598. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">èguŏ (ĕgu6)</span></p></td><td>
    2599. 

  2599. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">Russia</span></p></td></tr>
    2600. 

  2600. <tr><td>
    2601. 

  2601. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">15.</span></p></td><td>
    2602. 

  2602. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">Fàgu6 (FSguó)</span></p></td><td>
    2603. 

  2603. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">France</span></p></td></tr>
    2604. 

  2604. <tr><td>
    2605. 

  2605. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font13">16</span><span class="font19">.</span></p></td><td>
    2606. 

  2606. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">Bìtíén</span></p></td><td>
    2607. 

  2607. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">Japan</span></p></td></tr>
    2608. 

  2608. </table>
    2609. 

  2609. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 1pt 21pt 0pt;"><a name="bookmark12"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">VOCABULARY</span></p>
    2610. 

  2610. <table border="1">
    2611. 

  2611. <tr><td>
    2612. 

  2612. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">-de</span></p></td><td>
    2613. 

  2613. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font19">(possessive marker)</span></p></td></tr>
    2614. 

  2614. <tr><td>
    2615. 

  2615. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Dĕguo</span></p></td><td>
    2616. 

  2616. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font19">Germany</span></p></td></tr>
    2617. 

  2617. <tr><td>
    2618. 

  2618. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Èguŏ (Egu6)</span></p></td><td>
    2619. 

  2619. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font19">Russia</span></p></td></tr>
    2620. 

  2620. <tr><td>
    2621. 

  2621. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Fàguo (Făguo)</span></p></td><td>
    2622. 

  2622. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font19">France</span></p></td></tr>
    2623. 

  2623. <tr><td>
    2624. 

  2624. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">-guo</span></p></td><td>
    2625. 

  2625. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font19">country</span></p></td></tr>
    2626. 

  2626. <tr><td>
    2627. 

  2627. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Jlāzhōu</span></p></td><td>
    2628. 

  2628. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font19">California</span></p></td></tr>
    2629. 

  2629. <tr><td>
    2630. 

  2630. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">MSiguo</span></p></td><td>
    2631. 

  2631. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font19">America, United States</span></p></td></tr>
    2632. 

  2632. <tr><td>
    2633. 

  2633. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">n&amp;r</span></p></td><td>
    2634. 

  2634. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font19">vhere?</span></p></td></tr>
    2635. 

  2635. <tr><td>
    2636. 

  2636. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">nSi-</span></p></td><td>
    2637. 

  2637. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font19">which?</span></p></td></tr>
    2638. 

  2638. <tr><td>
    2639. 

  2639. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">nSìguo</span></p></td><td>
    2640. 

  2640. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font19">which country</span></p></td></tr>
    2641. 

  2641. <tr><td>
    2642. 

  2642. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">rĕn</span></p></td><td>
    2643. 

  2643. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font19">person</span></p></td></tr>
    2644. 

  2644. <tr><td>
    2645. 

  2645. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Rĭb?n</span></p></td><td>
    2646. 

  2646. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font19">Japan</span></p></td></tr>
    2647. 

  2647. <tr><td>
    2648. 

  2648. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Shandong</span></p></td><td>
    2649. 

  2649. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font19">(&amp; province name)</span></p></td></tr>
    2650. 

  2650. <tr><td>
    2651. 

  2651. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">ShănghSi</span></p></td><td>
    2652. 

  2652. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font19">(a city name)</span></p></td></tr>
    2653. 

  2653. <tr><td>
    2654. 

  2654. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">YIngguo</span></p></td><td>
    2655. 

  2655. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font19">England</span></p></td></tr>
    2656. 

  2656. <tr><td>
    2657. 

  2657. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Zhonggué</span></p></td><td>
    2658. 

  2658. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font19">China</span></p></td></tr>
    2659. 

  2659. </table><img src="0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText_files/0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText-7.png" style="width:429pt;height:543pt;"/>
    2660. 

  2660. <table>
    2661. 

  2661. <tr><td>
    2662. 

  2662. <table border="1">
    2663. 

  2663. <tr><td>
    2664. 

  2664. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 8pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    2665. 

  2665. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p>
    2666. 

  2666. <p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    2667. 

  2667. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi MSiguo rĕn ma? WS shi MSiguo rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    2668. 

  2668. <p style="padding:0pt 82pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">Are you an American? I<sup>f</sup>m an American.</span></p></td></tr>
    2669. 

  2669. <tr><td>
    2670. 

  2670. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 8pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    2671. 

  2671. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p>
    2672. 

  2672. <p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    2673. 

  2673. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi Zhōnggiio rĕn ma? W5 shi Zhongguo rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    2674. 

  2674. <p style="padding:0pt 106pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">Are you Chinese? 1*10 Chinese.</span></p></td></tr>
    2675. 

  2675. <tr><td>
    2676. 

  2676. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 8pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    2677. 

  2677. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 15pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p>
    2678. 

  2678. <p style="padding:15pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    2679. 

  2679. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">Wang Xiansheng, nĭ shi YIngguo rĕn ma?</span></p>
    2680. 

  2680. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">W5 shi Yīngguo rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    2681. 

  2681. <p style="padding:0pt 47pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">Mr, Wang, are you English? I'm not English.</span></p></td></tr>
    2682. 

  2682. </table></td></tr>
    2683. 

  2683. <tr><td>
    2684. 

  2684. <p><span class="font19">Motes on Mos&gt; </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">1-3</span></p></td></tr>
    2685. 

  2685. </table>
    2686. 

  2686. <table>
    2687. 

  2687. <tr><td>
    2688. 

  2688. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Ren is a noun, ’’person&quot; or ''persons' literally &quot;America person.<sup>M</sup> Sometimes<sub>9</sub> essary to translate expressions of this</span></p>
    2689. 

  2689. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font26">丨</span><span class="font19">；so MSiguo rén is a noun phrase, however, it is preferable or nec-sort as adjectives or prepositional</span></p></td></tr>
    2690. 

  2690. <tr><td>
    2691. 

  2691. <table border="1">
    2692. 

  2692. <tr><td>
    2693. 

  2693. <p><span class="font19">phrases.</span></p></td><td>
    2694. 

  2694. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 46pt;"></p></td></tr>
    2695. 

  2695. <tr><td>
    2696. 

  2696. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi MSiguo rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    2697. 

  2697. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 97pt 0pt 46pt;"><span class="font19">He is an American• (noun phrMe)</span></p></td></tr>
    2698. 

  2698. <tr><td>
    2699. 

  2699. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">Tá shi Zhongguo rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    2700. 

  2700. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 46pt;"><span class="font19">He is Chinese•</span></p>
    2701. 

  2701. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 97pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">(adjective)</span></p></td></tr>
    2702. 

  2702. <tr><td>
    2703. 

  2703. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Shandong rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    2704. 

  2704. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 46pt;"><span class="font19">He is from Shandong.</span></p>
    2705. 

  2705. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 82pt;"><span class="font19">(prepositional phrase)</span></p></td></tr>
    2706. 

  2706. </table></td></tr>
    2707. 

  2707. </table>
    2708. 

  2708. <p style="padding:9pt 16pt 9pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">Although </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">MSiguo</span><span class="font19"> rĕn is translated here as <sup>,f</sup>an American,<sup>11</sup> in other contexts it may </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">be</span><span class="font19"> translated as &quot;the American,<sup>M</sup> &quot;American,,<sup>1</sup> or &quot;the Americans.<sup>Vf</sup> Later you will learn the various ways to indicate in Chinese whether a noun is definite or indefinite, singular or plural.</span></p>
    2709. 

  2709. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 16pt 57pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">The syllable -guă usually loses its tone in expressions like M8lguo rĕn, (Some speakers drop the tone vhen the vord stands alone: Mgjguo*)</span></p>
    2710. 

  2710. <table border="1">
    2711. 

  2711. <tr><td>
    2712. 

  2712. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">h.</span></p></td><td>
    2713. 

  2713. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    2714. 

  2714. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi Zhongguo rĕn ma?</span></p></td><td>
    2715. 

  2715. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font19">Are you Chinese?</span></p></td></tr>
    2716. 

  2716. <tr><td>
    2717. 

  2717. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    2718. 

  2718. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    2719. 

  2719. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Bú shi.</span></p></td><td>
    2720. 

  2720. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font19">No.</span></p></td></tr>
    2721. 

  2721. <tr><td>
    2722. 

  2722. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    2723. 

  2723. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    2724. 

  2724. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi MSiguo rĕn ma?</span></p></td><td>
    2725. 

  2725. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font19">Are you an American?</span></p></td></tr>
    2726. 

  2726. <tr><td>
    2727. 

  2727. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    2728. 

  2728. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B</span><span class="font26">：</span></p></td><td>
    2729. 

  2729. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Shì.</span></p></td><td>
    2730. 

  2730. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font19">Yes, I an.</span></p></td></tr>
    2731. 

  2731. <tr><td>
    2732. 

  2732. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    2733. 

  2733. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    2734. 

  2734. <p style="padding:0pt 26pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">MS XiăojiS shi MSiguo rén ma?</span></p></td><td>
    2735. 

  2735. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font19">Is Miss MS. an American?</span></p></td></tr>
    2736. 

  2736. <tr><td>
    2737. 

  2737. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    2738. 

  2738. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    2739. 

  2739. <p style="padding:0pt 26pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Bu shi, t£ bŭ shi MSiguo rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    2740. 

  2740. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font19">No, she is not American.</span></p></td></tr>
    2741. 

  2741. <tr><td>
    2742. 

  2742. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    2743. 

  2743. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    2744. 

  2744. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Zhongguo rĕn ma?</span></p></td><td>
    2745. 

  2745. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font19">Is she Chinese?</span></p></td></tr>
    2746. 

  2746. <tr><td>
    2747. 

  2747. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    2748. 

  2748. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    2749. 

  2749. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Shĭ, ta shi Zhongguo rln.</span></p></td><td>
    2750. 

  2750. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font19">Yes, she is Chinese.</span></p></td></tr>
    2751. 

  2751. </table>
    2752. 

  2752. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes</span><span class="font19"> on Nos, U-5</span></p>
    2753. 

  2753. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:24pt;padding:9pt 21pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">The short &quot;yes<sup>w</sup> ansver shĭ is really the vert ”am” of the longer, more cooiplete answer. The short ”no&quot; answer </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">bŭ</span><span class="font19"> shi is really the <sup>M</sup>am not” of the longer answer.</span></p>
    2754. 

  2754. <p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:9pt 21pt 57pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">It is possible to reduce a &quot;no” ansver to bù (note the Falling tone), but polite usage requires that you follow it up with a more compléte ansver. Both the short answers </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font19"> and </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">bŭ</span><span class="font19"> shi are commonly followed by complete ansvers.</span></p>
    2755. 

  2755. <table border="1">
    2756. 

  2756. <tr><td>
    2757. 

  2757. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    2758. 

  2758. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p>
    2759. 

  2759. <p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Br</span></p></td><td>
    2760. 

  2760. <p style="padding:0pt 38pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">NX shi nSiguo rĕn? What is your nationality? WS shi MSiguo rĕn. I,m American.</span></p></td></tr>
    2761. 

  2761. <tr><td>
    2762. 

  2762. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">7.</span></p></td><td>
    2763. 

  2763. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p>
    2764. 

  2764. <p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    2765. 

  2765. <p style="padding:0pt 38pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi nSiguo rĕn? What is his nationality? Tā shi YIngguo rĕn. He is English.</span></p></td></tr>
    2766. 

  2766. </table>
    2767. 

  2767. <p style="padding:33pt 0pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes</span><span class="font19"> on Nos&gt; 6-7</span></p>
    2768. 

  2768. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:24pt;padding:9pt 21pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">RSI-</span><span class="font19"> is the question word <sup>n</sup>which.<sup>M</sup> It is a bound word~a vord which cannot stand alone—not a free word.</span></p>
    2769. 

  2769. <table border="1">
    2770. 

  2770. <tr><td>
    2771. 

  2771. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">nSi-</span></p></td><td>
    2772. 

  2772. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 27pt;"><span class="font19">guo</span></p></td><td>
    2773. 

  2773. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">rĕn</span></p></td></tr>
    2774. 

  2774. <tr><td>
    2775. 

  2775. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">(which</span></p></td><td>
    2776. 

  2776. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 27pt;"><span class="font19">country</span></p></td><td>
    2777. 

  2777. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 11pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">person)</span></p></td></tr>
    2778. 

  2778. </table>
    2779. 

  2779. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:24pt;padding:21pt 21pt 57pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">Notice that the syllable -</span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">guS</span><span class="font19">, ”country,&quot; in the phrase nĕiguo rĕn may lose its Rising tone.</span></p>
    2780. 

  2780. <table border="1">
    2781. 

  2781. <tr><td>
    2782. 

  2782. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">8.</span></p></td><td>
    2783. 

  2783. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p>
    2784. 

  2784. <p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    2785. 

  2785. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi nărde rĕn?</span></p>
    2786. 

  2786. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">W3 shi Shanghai rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    2787. 

  2787. <p style="padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 39pt;"><span class="font19">Where are you from? I<sup>f</sup>m from Shànghăi•</span></p></td></tr>
    2788. 

  2788. <tr><td>
    2789. 

  2789. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">9.</span></p></td><td>
    2790. 

  2790. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    2791. 

  2791. <p style="padding:0pt 39pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Făng Băolănde xiansheng.</span></p></td><td>
    2792. 

  2792. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 39pt;"><span class="font19">He is Fang Băolán<sup>1</sup>s husband.</span></p></td></tr>
    2793. 

  2793. <tr><td>
    2794. 

  2794. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">10.</span></p></td><td>
    2795. 

  2795. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p>
    2796. 

  2796. <p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    2797. 

  2797. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi nărde rĕn?</span></p>
    2798. 

  2798. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Shăndōng rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    2799. 

  2799. <p style="padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 39pt;"><span class="font19">Where is he from? He's from Shandong,</span></p></td></tr>
    2800. 

  2800. <tr><td>
    2801. 

  2801. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">11.</span></p></td><td>
    2802. 

  2802. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p>
    2803. 

  2803. <p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    2804. 

  2804. <p style="padding:0pt 39pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi nărde ren? WS shi Jiāzhōu ren.</span></p></td><td>
    2805. 

  2805. <p style="padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 39pt;"><span class="font19">Where are you from? I’m a Californian.</span></p></td></tr>
    2806. 

  2806. </table>
    2807. 

  2807. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 16pt;"><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes</span><span class="font19"> on Ros« 8-11 .</span></p>
    2808. 

  2808. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 24pt 12pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">NSr is the question vord ” vhere•” The syllable &quot;de is the possessive marker; it functions like the English possessive ending</span></p>
    2809. 

  2809. <table border="1">
    2810. 

  2810. <tr><td>
    2811. 

  2811. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">nSr</span></p></td><td>
    2812. 

  2812. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">-de</span></p></td><td>
    2813. 

  2813. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">rĕn</span></p></td></tr>
    2814. 

  2814. <tr><td>
    2815. 

  2815. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">(where</span></p></td><td>
    2816. 

  2816. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"></p></td><td>
    2817. 

  2817. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">person)</span></p></td></tr>
    2818. 

  2818. </table>
    2819. 

  2819. <p style="padding:12pt 12pt 15pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">By reversing the word order, a slightly more idiomatic translation is possible: <sup>fl</sup>a person of vhere•” The closest English equivalent is &quot;&amp;&nbsp;person from where.<sup>1</sup>’ To clarify the role of -de in this expression, the tape gives the following example of -</span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">de</span><span class="font19"> functioning like the English possessive ending -<sup>f</sup> s_:</span></p>
    2820. 

  2820. <table border="1">
    2821. 

  2821. <tr><td>
    2822. 

  2822. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font19">Fang BSolán</span></p></td><td>
    2823. 

  2823. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">—de</span></p></td><td>
    2824. 

  2824. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">xiănsheng</span></p></td></tr>
    2825. 

  2825. <tr><td>
    2826. 

  2826. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font19">(Fans BSolán</span></p></td><td>
    2827. 

  2827. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19"><sup>f</sup>8</span></p></td><td>
    2828. 

  2828. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">husband)</span></p></td></tr>
    2829. 

  2829. </table>
    2830. 

  2830. <table border="1">
    2831. 

  2831. <tr><td>
    2832. 

  2832. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">12.</span></p></td><td>
    2833. 

  2833. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    2834. 

  2834. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">NX shi MSiguo rĕn ma?</span></p></td><td>
    2835. 

  2835. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">Are you an Anericīan?</span></p></td></tr>
    2836. 

  2836. <tr><td>
    2837. 

  2837. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"></p></td><td>
    2838. 

  2838. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    2839. 

  2839. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi nSiguo rĕn?</span></p></td><td>
    2840. 

  2840. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">What*s your nationality?</span></p></td></tr>
    2841. 

  2841. <tr><td>
    2842. 

  2842. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"></p></td><td>
    2843. 

  2843. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    2844. 

  2844. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ shi nSrde rĕn?</span></p></td><td>
    2845. 

  2845. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">Where are you from?</span></p></td></tr>
    2846. 

  2846. </table>
    2847. 

  2847. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 2pt;"><a name="bookmark29"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">DRILLS</span></p>
    2848. 

  2848. <p style="padding:24pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">A. </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response</span><span class="font19"> Drill</span></p>
    2849. 

  2849. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">All responses will &quot;be affirmative.</span></p>
    2850. 

  2850. <table border="1">
    2851. 

  2851. <tr><td colspan="2">
    2852. 

  2852. <p style="padding:0pt 9pt 0pt 78pt;"><span class="font19">1. Speaker: Tā shi Zhōngguo rĕn ma? (Is he Chinese?)</span></p></td><td>
    2853. 

  2853. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">You: Tā shi Zhongguo rĕn. (He is Chinese.)</span></p></td></tr>
    2854. 

  2854. <tr><td>
    2855. 

  2855. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    2856. 

  2856. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi RìbSn rĕn ma?</span></p></td><td>
    2857. 

  2857. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi RìbSn rĕn.</span></p></td></tr>
    2858. 

  2858. <tr><td>
    2859. 

  2859. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    2860. 

  2860. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Tă shi Zhongguo rĕn ma?</span></p></td><td>
    2861. 

  2861. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Zhongguo rĕn.</span></p></td></tr>
    2862. 

  2862. <tr><td>
    2863. 

  2863. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
    2864. 

  2864. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi MSiguo rĕn ma?</span></p></td><td>
    2865. 

  2865. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi MSiguo rĕn.</span></p></td></tr>
    2866. 

  2866. <tr><td>
    2867. 

  2867. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    2868. 

  2868. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Deguo rĕn ma?</span></p></td><td>
    2869. 

  2869. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Dĕguo rln.</span></p></td></tr>
    2870. 

  2870. <tr><td>
    2871. 

  2871. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    2872. 

  2872. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Jiánádă rĕn ma?</span></p></td><td>
    2873. 

  2873. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Jìānádà rĕn.</span></p></td></tr>
    2874. 

  2874. <tr><td>
    2875. 

  2875. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">7.</span></p></td><td>
    2876. 

  2876. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Ta shi Fàguo rĕn ma?</span></p></td><td>
    2877. 

  2877. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Tă shi Fàguo rĕn.</span></p></td></tr>
    2878. 

  2878. </table>
    2879. 

  2879. <table>
    2880. 

  2880. <tr><td>
    2881. 

  2881. <p><span class="font19">B. Response Drill</span></p></td></tr>
    2882. 

  2882. <tr><td>
    2883. 

  2883. <table border="1">
    2884. 

  2884. <tr><td>
    2885. 

  2885. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    2886. 

  2886. <p style="padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 66pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker: Tā shi JiānácLá rén ma? (cue) Yĭngguŏ (Is he a Canadian?)</span></p></td><td>
    2887. 

  2887. <p style="padding:0pt 20pt 0pt 50pt;"><span class="font19">You: Tă bu shi Jìānadà ren. Shi YIngguo rĕn.</span></p>
    2888. 

  2888. <p style="padding:0pt 20pt 0pt 50pt;"><span class="font19">(He is not Canadian. He is English.)</span></p></td></tr>
    2889. 

  2889. <tr><td>
    2890. 

  2890. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">2.</span></p></td><td>
    2891. 

  2891. <p style="padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi RìbSn rĕn ma? Zhongguo</span></p></td><td>
    2892. 

  2892. <p style="padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bú shi Rìbĕn ren. Shi Zhongguo rĕn.</span></p></td></tr>
    2893. 

  2893. <tr><td>
    2894. 

  2894. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    2895. 

  2895. <p style="padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi YIngguo rln ma? MSigu6</span></p></td><td>
    2896. 

  2896. <p style="padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Tă bŭ shi Yĭngguo ren. Shi Mĕiguo rĕn.</span></p></td></tr>
    2897. 

  2897. <tr><td>
    2898. 

  2898. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">U.</span></p></td><td>
    2899. 

  2899. <p style="padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Mĕiguo rln ma? Jiănádà</span></p></td><td>
    2900. 

  2900. <p style="padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Tă bŭ shi Mĕiguo ren. Shĭ Jìanádà ren.</span></p></td></tr>
    2901. 

  2901. <tr><td>
    2902. 

  2902. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 21pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p>
    2903. 

  2903. <p style="padding:21pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    2904. 

  2904. <p style="padding:0pt 12pt 9pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Èguo rln ma? DĕguS</span></p>
    2905. 

  2905. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Yuènán rĕn ma?</span></p></td><td>
    2906. 

  2906. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bú shi Eguo ren. Shi Dĕguo ren. Tā bú shi Yuènán ren. Shi Zhōngguo</span></p></td></tr>
    2907. 

  2907. <tr><td>
    2908. 

  2908. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    2909. 

  2909. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">Zhōngguŏ</span></p></td><td>
    2910. 

  2910. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">rĕn.</span></p></td></tr>
    2911. 

  2911. <tr><td>
    2912. 

  2912. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">7.</span></p></td><td>
    2913. 

  2913. <p style="padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Fàguo rĕn ma? Yĭngguo</span></p></td><td>
    2914. 

  2914. <p style="padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bú shi Fàguo ren. Shi Yĭngguo ren.</span></p></td></tr>
    2915. 

  2915. </table></td></tr>
    2916. 

  2916. </table>
    2917. 

  2917. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">C. Response Drill</span></p>
    2918. 

  2918. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">1. Speaker: Tā shi nSiguo rĕn? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You: Tā shi Fàguo rén.</span></p>
    2919. 

  2919. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 15pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">(cue) Pàgu6 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(He is French.)</span></p>
    2920. 

  2920. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 78pt;"><span class="font19">(What is his nationality?)</span></p>
    2921. 

  2921. <table border="1">
    2922. 

  2922. <tr><td>
    2923. 

  2923. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    2924. 

  2924. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi nSiguo ren? Zhōngguo</span></p></td><td>
    2925. 

  2925. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Zhongguo rĕn</span></p></td></tr>
    2926. 

  2926. <tr><td>
    2927. 

  2927. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    2928. 

  2928. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi nSiguo ren? Mĕigu6</span></p></td><td>
    2929. 

  2929. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi MSiguo ren.</span></p></td></tr>
    2930. 

  2930. <tr><td>
    2931. 

  2931. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">h.</span></p></td><td>
    2932. 

  2932. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi nĕiguo ren? Jiānádà</span></p></td><td>
    2933. 

  2933. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Jiănádà rĕn.</span></p></td></tr>
    2934. 

  2934. <tr><td>
    2935. 

  2935. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    2936. 

  2936. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi nSiguo ren? Rìbĕn</span></p></td><td>
    2937. 

  2937. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 17pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi RìbSn ren.</span></p></td></tr>
    2938. 

  2938. <tr><td>
    2939. 

  2939. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">6.</span></p></td><td>
    2940. 

  2940. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi n5iguo ren? Eguo</span></p></td><td>
    2941. 

  2941. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 17pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi èguo rĕn.</span></p></td></tr>
    2942. 

  2942. <tr><td>
    2943. 

  2943. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">T.</span></p></td><td>
    2944. 

  2944. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Ta s'li nSiguo ren? Dĕguo</span></p></td><td>
    2945. 

  2945. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 17pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Tă shi Dĕguo rén.</span></p></td></tr>
    2946. 

  2946. </table>
    2947. 

  2947. <table>
    2948. 

  2948. <tr><td>
    2949. 

  2949. <p><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response</span><span class="font19"> Drill</span></p></td></tr>
    2950. 

  2950. <tr><td>
    2951. 

  2951. <table border="1">
    2952. 

  2952. <tr><td>
    2953. 

  2953. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    2954. 

  2954. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker: Tā shi nSrde rĕn?</span></p>
    2955. 

  2955. <p style="padding:0pt 31pt 0pt 66pt;"><span class="font19">(cue) BSìjlng (Where is he from?)</span></p></td><td>
    2956. 

  2956. <p style="padding:0pt 18pt 0pt 56pt;"><span class="font19">You: Tā shi BSiJIng </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">rén. </span><span class="font19">(He is from Beijing.)</span></p></td></tr>
    2957. 

  2957. <tr><td>
    2958. 

  2958. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    2959. 

  2959. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi nărde rĕn? ShănghSi</span></p></td><td>
    2960. 

  2960. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 56pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi ShănghSi rén.</span></p></td></tr>
    2961. 

  2961. <tr><td>
    2962. 

  2962. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    2963. 

  2963. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19" style="font-variant:small-caps;">Tr shi nSrde rén? Changsha</span></p></td><td>
    2964. 

  2964. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 56pt;"><span class="font19">Tă shi Changsha rĕn.</span></p></td></tr>
    2965. 

  2965. <tr><td>
    2966. 

  2966. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">U.</span></p></td><td>
    2967. 

  2967. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi nSrde rĕn? Táizhōng</span></p></td><td>
    2968. 

  2968. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 56pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Táìzhōng rĕn.</span></p></td></tr>
    2969. 

  2969. <tr><td>
    2970. 

  2970. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    2971. 

  2971. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi nărde ren? Táibĕi</span></p></td><td>
    2972. 

  2972. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 56pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Táibĕi rĕn.</span></p></td></tr>
    2973. 

  2973. <tr><td>
    2974. 

  2974. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    2975. 

  2975. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi nărde rln? TiānJIng</span></p></td><td>
    2976. 

  2976. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 56pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Tiănjīng rén.</span></p></td></tr>
    2977. 

  2977. <tr><td>
    2978. 

  2978. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">7.</span></p></td><td>
    2979. 

  2979. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi nSrde ren? BSiJIng</span></p></td><td>
    2980. 

  2980. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 56pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi BSijĭng ren.</span></p></td></tr>
    2981. 

  2981. </table></td></tr>
    2982. 

  2982. </table>
    2983. 

  2983. <table>
    2984. 

  2984. <tr><td>
    2985. 

  2985. <p><span class="font19">Trans format ion </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Drill</span></p></td></tr>
    2986. 

  2986. <tr><td>
    2987. 

  2987. <table border="1">
    2988. 

  2988. <tr><td>
    2989. 

  2989. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">1. Speaker:</span></p></td><td>
    2990. 

  2990. <p style="padding:0pt 21pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi BSiJIng rln. (He is from BSiJIng.)</span></p></td><td>
    2991. 

  2991. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font19">You: Tā shi nSrde ren?</span></p>
    2992. 

  2992. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">(Where is he from?)</span></p></td></tr>
    2993. 

  2993. <tr><td>
    2994. 

  2994. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 9pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">OR</span></p></td><td>
    2995. 

  2995. <p style="padding:0pt 31pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Zhongguo rĕn. (He is Chinese•)</span></p></td><td>
    2996. 

  2996. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi nSiguo rĕn?</span></p>
    2997. 

  2997. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">(What’s his nationality?)</span></p></td></tr>
    2998. 

  2998. </table></td></tr>
    2999. 

  2999. </table>
    3000. 

  3000. <table border="1">
    3001. 

  3001. <tr><td>
    3002. 

  3002. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    3003. 

  3003. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Jìānádà rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    3004. 

  3004. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi nSiguo rĕn?</span></p></td></tr>
    3005. 

  3005. <tr><td>
    3006. 

  3006. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    3007. 

  3007. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi TálbSi rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    3008. 

  3008. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi nSrde rĕn?</span></p></td></tr>
    3009. 

  3009. <tr><td>
    3010. 

  3010. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
    3011. 

  3011. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi ShànghSi rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    3012. 

  3012. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Tá shi n&amp;rde rĕn?</span></p></td></tr>
    3013. 

  3013. <tr><td>
    3014. 

  3014. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    3015. 

  3015. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi YIngguo rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    3016. 

  3016. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Tă shi nSiguo rĕn?</span></p></td></tr>
    3017. 

  3017. <tr><td>
    3018. 

  3018. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    3019. 

  3019. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi MSiguo rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    3020. 

  3020. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Tă shi nSiguo rĕn?</span></p></td></tr>
    3021. 

  3021. <tr><td>
    3022. 

  3022. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">T.</span></p></td><td>
    3023. 

  3023. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi TáizhSng rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    3024. 

  3024. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi nărde ren?</span></p></td></tr>
    3025. 

  3025. </table>
    3026. 

  3026. <table>
    3027. 

  3027. <tr><td>
    3028. 

  3028. <p><span class="font19">F, Transformation Drill</span></p></td></tr>
    3029. 

  3029. <tr><td>
    3030. 

  3030. <table border="1">
    3031. 

  3031. <tr><td>
    3032. 

  3032. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    3033. 

  3033. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 33pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker: Tā shi Lĭ Tàitai• (She is Mrs. Lĭ.)</span></p></td><td>
    3034. 

  3034. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 57pt 0pt 39pt;"><span class="font19">You: Tā bú shi Lĭ Tàitai. (She is not Mrs. LX.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3035. 

  3035. <tr><td>
    3036. 

  3036. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 15pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p>
    3037. 

  3037. <p style="padding:15pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    3038. 

  3038. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xing Găo.</span></p>
    3039. 

  3039. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Tái*bSi rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    3040. 

  3040. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 39pt;"><span class="font19">Tă bŭ xing 6āo.</span></p>
    3041. 

  3041. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 39pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bŭ shi TáibSi ren.</span></p></td></tr>
    3042. 

  3042. <tr><td>
    3043. 

  3043. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">U.</span></p></td><td>
    3044. 

  3044. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xing Liú.</span></p></td><td>
    3045. 

  3045. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 39pt;"><span class="font19">Ta bŭ xing Liu.</span></p></td></tr>
    3046. 

  3046. <tr><td>
    3047. 

  3047. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    3048. 

  3048. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi MSiguo rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    3049. 

  3049. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 39pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bŭ shi Meiguo rĕn.</span></p></td></tr>
    3050. 

  3050. <tr><td>
    3051. 

  3051. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    3052. 

  3052. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Jiānádá rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    3053. 

  3053. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 39pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bŭ shi Jiănádà rĕn.</span></p></td></tr>
    3054. 

  3054. </table></td></tr>
    3055. 

  3055. </table>
    3056. 

  3056. <p style="padding:42pt 0pt 12pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">G. Transformation Drill</span></p>
    3057. 

  3057. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 32pt;"><span class="font19">Ask the appropriate ma question.</span></p>
    3058. 

  3058. <table border="1">
    3059. 

  3059. <tr><td>
    3060. 

  3060. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    3061. 

  3061. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker: Tā xĭn^ Hŭ.</span></p>
    3062. 

  3062. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 62pt;"><span class="font19">(His surname is Hú.)</span></p></td><td>
    3063. 

  3063. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">You: Tă xing Hu ma?</span></p>
    3064. 

  3064. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">(Is his surname Hu?)</span></p></td></tr>
    3065. 

  3065. <tr><td>
    3066. 

  3066. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    3067. 

  3067. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Bĕijĭng rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    3068. 

  3068. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Beijing ren ma?</span></p></td></tr>
    3069. 

  3069. <tr><td>
    3070. 

  3070. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    3071. 

  3071. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi ^ng Dàniăn.</span></p></td><td>
    3072. 

  3072. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Wang Dànìan ma?</span></p></td></tr>
    3073. 

  3073. <tr><td>
    3074. 

  3074. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">U.</span></p></td><td>
    3075. 

  3075. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xĭng LÍn.</span></p></td><td>
    3076. 

  3076. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xing Lin ma?</span></p></td></tr>
    3077. 

  3077. <tr><td>
    3078. 

  3078. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    3079. 

  3079. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Zhongguo ren.</span></p></td><td>
    3080. 

  3080. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Zhongguo ren ma?</span></p></td></tr>
    3081. 

  3081. </table>
    3082. 

  3082. <table>
    3083. 

  3083. <tr><td>
    3084. 

  3084. <p><span class="font19">H. </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation</span><span class="font19"> Brill</span></p></td></tr>
    3085. 

  3085. <tr><td>
    3086. 

  3086. <table border="1">
    3087. 

  3087. <tr><td>
    3088. 

  3088. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    3089. 

  3089. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker</span><span class="font26">：</span><span class="font19"> Tā xĭn^ Zhăn^.</span></p>
    3090. 

  3090. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 18pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">(His surname is ZhSng.)</span></p></td><td>
    3091. 

  3091. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font19">You: Tā xing shĕnme?</span></p>
    3092. 

  3092. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">(What<sup>1</sup>a his surname?)</span></p></td></tr>
    3093. 

  3093. <tr><td>
    3094. 

  3094. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    3095. 

  3095. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi BSiJIng ren.</span></p></td><td>
    3096. 

  3096. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi narde ren?</span></p></td></tr>
    3097. 

  3097. <tr><td>
    3098. 

  3098. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">3-</span></p></td><td>
    3099. 

  3099. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Wăng Dăniăn.</span></p></td><td>
    3100. 

  3100. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font19">Tă shi shĕi?</span></p></td></tr>
    3101. 

  3101. <tr><td>
    3102. 

  3102. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
    3103. 

  3103. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tă shi RÌbSn ren.</span></p></td><td>
    3104. 

  3104. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi nSiguo rĕn?</span></p></td></tr>
    3105. 

  3105. <tr><td>
    3106. 

  3106. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    3107. 

  3107. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Shandong rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    3108. 

  3108. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi nSrde rĕri?</span></p></td></tr>
    3109. 

  3109. <tr><td>
    3110. 

  3110. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    3111. 

  3111. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā Rhi Chén Téngzhí.</span></p></td><td>
    3112. 

  3112. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi shéi?</span></p></td></tr>
    3113. 

  3113. </table></td></tr>
    3114. 

  3114. </table>
    3115. 

  3115. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><a name="bookmark84"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">UNIT 4 INTRODUCTION</span></p>
    3116. 

  3116. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Topics</span><span class="font19"> Covered in This Unit</span></p>
    3117. 

  3117. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Location of people and places.</span></p>
    3118. 

  3118. <p style="padding:6pt 0pt 36pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Where people<sup>1</sup>s families are from.</span></p>
    3119. 

  3119. <p style="padding:36pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Prerequisites</span><span class="font19"> to the Unit</span></p>
    3120. 

  3120. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;NUM 3 and HUM </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k</span><span class="font19"> (Tapes 3 and </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k</span><span class="font19"> of the resource module on Numbers).</span></p>
    3121. 

  3121. <p style="padding:6pt 0pt 36pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CE 1, on Classroom Expressions.</span></p>
    3122. 

  3122. <p style="padding:36pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Materials You Will Reed</span></p>
    3123. 

  3123. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The C-l and P-l tapes, the Reference List and Reference Notes.</span></p>
    3124. 

  3124. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The C-2 and P-2 tapes, the Workbook.</span></p>
    3125. 

  3125. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Ul)-! tape.</span></p>
    3126. 

  3126. <table>
    3127. 

  3127. <tr><td>
    3128. 

  3128. <p><span class="font19">(in BíiJIng)</span></p></td></tr>
    3129. 

  3129. <tr><td>
    3130. 

  3130. <table border="1">
    3131. 

  3131. <tr><td>
    3132. 

  3132. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">1. A:</span></p></td><td>
    3133. 

  3133. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Qĭngwèn, nX shi narde rĕn?</span></p></td><td>
    3134. 

  3134. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">May I ask, where are you from?</span></p></td></tr>
    3135. 

  3135. <tr><td>
    3136. 

  3136. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    3137. 

  3137. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">WS shi Dezhōu rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    3138. 

  3138. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">I'm from Texas.</span></p></td></tr>
    3139. 

  3139. <tr><td>
    3140. 

  3140. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">2. A:</span></p></td><td>
    3141. 

  3141. <p style="padding:0pt 29pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Qĭngvèn, Āndĕsĕn Fŭren shi nSrde rĕn?</span></p></td><td>
    3142. 

  3142. <p style="padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">May I ask, where is Mrs. Anderson from?</span></p></td></tr>
    3143. 

  3143. <tr><td>
    3144. 

  3144. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    3145. 

  3145. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā y? shi Dĕzh5u ren.</span></p></td><td>
    3146. 

  3146. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">She is from Texas too.</span></p></td></tr>
    3147. 

  3147. <tr><td>
    3148. 

  3148. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">3. A:</span></p></td><td>
    3149. 

  3149. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19" style="font-variant:small-caps;">Tr shi Yĭngguo rĕn ma?</span></p></td><td>
    3150. 

  3150. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">Is he English?</span></p></td></tr>
    3151. 

  3151. <tr><td>
    3152. 

  3152. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    3153. 

  3153. <p style="padding:0pt 29pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Bú shi, tā bŭ shi Yĭngguo rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    3154. 

  3154. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">No, he is not English.</span></p></td></tr>
    3155. 

  3155. <tr><td>
    3156. 

  3156. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    3157. 

  3157. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā àiren ne?</span></p></td><td>
    3158. 

  3158. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">And his vife?</span></p></td></tr>
    3159. 

  3159. <tr><td>
    3160. 

  3160. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    3161. 

  3161. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā yĕ bŭ shi YIngguo rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    3162. 

  3162. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">She isn<sup>f</sup>t English either.</span></p></td></tr>
    3163. 

  3163. <tr><td>
    3164. 

  3164. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span><span class="font19"> A:</span></p></td><td>
    3165. 

  3165. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font26">奴</span><span class="font19">ngvèn</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19"> QīngdSo zài năr?</span></p></td><td>
    3166. 

  3166. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">May I ask, vhere is QIngdSo?</span></p></td></tr>
    3167. 

  3167. <tr><td>
    3168. 

  3168. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    3169. 

  3169. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Qingdăo zài Shandong.</span></p></td><td>
    3170. 

  3170. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">Qĭngd&amp;o is in Shandong.</span></p></td></tr>
    3171. 

  3171. <tr><td>
    3172. 

  3172. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">5- A:</span></p></td><td>
    3173. 

  3173. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font26">奴</span><span class="font19">ngvèn</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19"> nĭ lSoJìā zài năr?</span></p></td><td>
    3174. 

  3174. <p style="padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">May I ask, vhere is your family from?</span></p></td></tr>
    3175. 

  3175. <tr><td>
    3176. 

  3176. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    3177. 

  3177. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">W5 iSojiā zài </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">ĂnăÀlŭè.</span></p></td><td>
    3178. 

  3178. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">My family is from Ontario.</span></p></td></tr>
    3179. 

  3179. <tr><td>
    3180. 

  3180. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">C:</span></p></td><td>
    3181. 

  3181. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">W5 lSojiā zàl ShāndSng.</span></p></td><td>
    3182. 

  3182. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">My family is from ShāndSng.</span></p></td></tr>
    3183. 

  3183. <tr><td>
    3184. 

  3184. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">6. A:</span></p></td><td>
    3185. 

  3185. <p style="padding:0pt 29pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Chén Shìmín Tĕngzhĭ zaì n&amp;r?</span></p></td><td>
    3186. 

  3186. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">Where is Comrade Chen Shìmín?</span></p></td></tr>
    3187. 

  3187. <tr><td>
    3188. 

  3188. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    3189. 

  3189. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā zài nàr.</span></p></td><td>
    3190. 

  3190. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">He’s there.</span></p></td></tr>
    3191. 

  3191. <tr><td>
    3192. 

  3192. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">7* A:</span></p></td><td>
    3193. 

  3193. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">QĭngdSo zài nSr?</span></p></td><td>
    3194. 

  3194. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">Where is QlngdSo?</span></p></td></tr>
    3195. 

  3195. <tr><td>
    3196. 

  3196. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    3197. 

  3197. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Zàì zhèr.</span></p></td><td>
    3198. 

  3198. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">It<sup>f</sup>s here*</span></p></td></tr>
    3199. 

  3199. <tr><td>
    3200. 

  3200. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">8. A:</span></p></td><td>
    3201. 

  3201. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">NX àiren xiănzài zài n&amp;r?</span></p></td><td>
    3202. 

  3202. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">Where is your wife now?</span></p></td></tr>
    3203. 

  3203. <tr><td>
    3204. 

  3204. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    3205. 

  3205. <p style="padding:0pt 29pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">W5 àiren xiànzài zài Jiānádà.</span></p></td><td>
    3206. 

  3206. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">My wife is in Canada nov.</span></p></td></tr>
    3207. 

  3207. </table></td></tr>
    3208. 

  3208. </table>
    3209. 

  3209. <p style="padding:30pt 228pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-l tapes)</span></p>
    3210. 

  3210. <p style="padding:9pt 33pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font19">9. Learn the pronunciation and locations of any five cities and five provinces of China found on the maps on pages 80-81.</span></p>
    3211. 

  3211. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 21pt 16pt;"><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">VOCABULARY</span></p>
    3212. 

  3212. <table border="1">
    3213. 

  3213. <tr><td>
    3214. 

  3214. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">àiren</span></p></td><td>
    3215. 

  3215. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 44pt;"><span class="font19">spouse</span></p></td></tr>
    3216. 

  3216. <tr><td>
    3217. 

  3217. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">Ăndălŭè</span></p></td><td>
    3218. 

  3218. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 44pt;"><span class="font19">Ontario</span></p></td></tr>
    3219. 

  3219. <tr><td>
    3220. 

  3220. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">Dézhōu</span></p></td><td>
    3221. 

  3221. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 44pt;"><span class="font19">Texas</span></p></td></tr>
    3222. 

  3222. <tr><td>
    3223. 

  3223. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">fiìren</span></p></td><td>
    3224. 

  3224. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 33pt 0pt 44pt;"><span class="font19">Lady, Madame, Mrs.; wife (of a hi^i-ranking person)</span></p></td></tr>
    3225. 

  3225. <tr><td>
    3226. 

  3226. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">Jiănádà</span></p></td><td>
    3227. 

  3227. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 44pt;"><span class="font19">Canada</span></p></td></tr>
    3228. 

  3228. <tr><td>
    3229. 

  3229. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">lSojiā</span></p></td><td>
    3230. 

  3230. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 44pt;"><span class="font19">&quot;original home”</span></p></td></tr>
    3231. 

  3231. <tr><td>
    3232. 

  3232. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">nàr (nèr)</span></p></td><td>
    3233. 

  3233. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 44pt;"><span class="font19">there</span></p></td></tr>
    3234. 

  3234. <tr><td>
    3235. 

  3235. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">QIngdSo</span></p></td><td>
    3236. 

  3236. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 44pt;"><span class="font19">(a city name)</span></p></td></tr>
    3237. 

  3237. <tr><td>
    3238. 

  3238. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">C^Cngvĕn ..</span><span class="font22">.</span></p></td><td>
    3239. 

  3239. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 44pt;"><span class="font19">May I ask ...</span></p></td></tr>
    3240. 

  3240. <tr><td>
    3241. 

  3241. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">xiănzài</span></p></td><td>
    3242. 

  3242. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 44pt;"><span class="font19">now</span></p></td></tr>
    3243. 

  3243. <tr><td>
    3244. 

  3244. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">y?</span></p></td><td>
    3245. 

  3245. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 44pt;"><span class="font19">also, too, either</span></p></td></tr>
    3246. 

  3246. <tr><td>
    3247. 

  3247. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">zài</span></p></td><td>
    3248. 

  3248. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 44pt;"><span class="font19">to be in/at/on</span></p></td></tr>
    3249. 

  3249. <tr><td>
    3250. 

  3250. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">zhèr</span></p></td><td>
    3251. 

  3251. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 44pt;"><span class="font19">here</span></p></td></tr>
    3252. 

  3252. </table><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;"><img src="0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText_files/0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText-8.png" style="width:546pt;height:432pt;"/></div><br clear="all"/>
    3253. 

  3253. <table border="1">
    3254. 

  3254. <tr><td>
    3255. 

  3255. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    3256. 

  3256. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">A: Qĭngvèn, nĭ shi nărde rĕn?</span></p></td><td>
    3257. 

  3257. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font19">May I ask, where are you from?</span></p></td></tr>
    3258. 

  3258. <tr><td>
    3259. 

  3259. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
    3260. 

  3260. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">B: WS shi Dĕzhōu rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    3261. 

  3261. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font19">1<a name="footnote2"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark85">2</a></sup>111 from Texas.</span></p></td></tr>
    3262. 

  3262. </table>
    3263. 

  3263. <p style="padding:33pt 0pt 12pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">Note </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">on No,</span><span class="font19"> 1</span></p>
    3264. 

  3264. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 44pt 57pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">Cgngvèn; Literally, qĭng means &quot;request/, and vĕn means &quot;ask (for information).<sup>M</sup> Qĭngvèn is used as English speakers use ,’excuse me，&quot; to get someone'8 attention in order to ask him a question.*</span></p>
    3265. 

  3265. <table border="1">
    3266. 

  3266. <tr><td>
    3267. 

  3267. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    3268. 

  3268. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    3269. 

  3269. <p style="padding:0pt 25pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">QXngvĕn, Andĕsēn Fŭren shi n&amp;rde rĕn?</span></p></td><td>
    3270. 

  3270. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 10pt 0pt 27pt;"><span class="font19">May I ask, where is Mrs. Anderson from?</span></p></td></tr>
    3271. 

  3271. <tr><td>
    3272. 

  3272. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"></p></td><td>
    3273. 

  3273. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    3274. 

  3274. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">Tā yĕ shi Dĕzh5u rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    3275. 

  3275. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 27pt;"><span class="font19">She is from Texas too.</span></p></td></tr>
    3276. 

  3276. </table>
    3277. 

  3277. <p style="padding:33pt 0pt 12pt 4pt;"><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes</span><span class="font19"> on No&gt; 2</span></p>
    3278. 

  3278. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 13pt 6pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">Names: In the People<sup>1</sup>s Republic, a foreigner is known by the standard phonetic equivalent of his full name. His given name is followed &quot;by his surname<sub>y</sub> which is followed by the appropriate title, Mr. David Anderson will be called Dàivĕi Āndĕsēn Xiansheng. In Taiwan, there is no set way of giving names to foreigners. Sometimes, as in the PRC, a phonetic eqxxivalent of the full name is used (though there are no standard versions). Sometimes, the equivalent is based entirely on the surname. Mr. Anderson, for instance, might </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">be</span><span class="font19"> An Desēn Xiansheng. The surname nay also be translated, as when ’’King” is translated into Wang. It is also common to base the Chinese surname on the first syllable of the original surname, and the Chinese given name on something else (often the original given name). In Taiwan, Ditvĕi is a common phonetic equivalent for <sup>M</sup>David.&quot; &quot;Mr. David Anderson,” therefore, might be An Dàvèi Xiansheng, Here is a chart of SOME of the Chinese names that might be given to Mr. David Anderson.</span></p>
    3279. 

  3279. <table border="1">
    3280. 

  3280. <tr><td>
    3281. 

  3281. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">PRC:</span></p></td><td>
    3282. 

  3282. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font19">Dàivĕi</span></p></td><td>
    3283. 

  3283. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">I-</span><span class="font26">：</span><span class="font18">---</span></p>
    3284. 

  3284. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Āndĕsēn</span></p></td><td>
    3285. 

  3285. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Xiansheng |</span></p></td></tr>
    3286. 

  3286. <tr><td>
    3287. 

  3287. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">TAIWAN:</span></p></td><td>
    3288. 

  3288. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font19">An</span></p></td><td>
    3289. 

  3289. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Dĕsēn</span></p></td><td>
    3290. 

  3290. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Xiansheng</span></p></td></tr>
    3291. 

  3291. <tr><td>
    3292. 

  3292. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 28pt;"></p></td><td>
    3293. 

  3293. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font19">An</span></p></td><td>
    3294. 

  3294. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Dàwèi</span></p></td><td>
    3295. 

  3295. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Xiansheng</span></p></td></tr>
    3296. 

  3296. </table>
    3297. 

  3297. <p style="text-indent:22pt;padding:0pt 20pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">Titles: In the PRC, a foreign man is addressed as Xiansheng, and a married woman as either Fŭren or </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tàitai</span><span class="font19">, depending on her status. The term fŭren is an expecially respectful term used to address the wife of a high-ranking official or businessman. Fŭren is also used this way on Taiwan.</span></p>
    3298. 

  3298. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">An unmarried foreign woman in the PRG may be addressed as XiaoJ18^ &quot;Miss/’ Married or unmarried women may </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">&quot;be</span><span class="font19"> addressed as Nushĭ. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;or &quot;Ma'am•”</span></p>
    3299. 

  3299. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nushĭ</span><span class="font19"> will be introduced in BIO, Unit 1.</span></p>
    3300. 

  3300. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:22pt;padding:9pt 20pt 33pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">The term Tongzhì, <sup>lf</sup>Comrade,<sup>,f</sup> was originally used only by members of the Communist Party to address other members. It is now the general term of address used &quot;by all Chinese adults in the PRC. It should be remembered, though, that Tongzhì does carry a distinct political implication. Visitors in the People<sup>1</sup>s Republic, who are not citizens and who do not take part in efforts to realize Communist ideals, vill not be addressed as Tĕngzhì and should </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">not</span><span class="font19"> feel obliged to address anyone else as such.</span></p>
    3301. 

  3301. <p style="padding:33pt 0pt 57pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">Yĕ is an adverb meaning &quot;also,<sup>1</sup> or &quot;too.’. It alvays comes before the verb.</span></p><div style="float:right;layout-flow:horizontal;">
    3302. 

  3302. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font19">is an adverb meaning &quot;also,<sup>1</sup> or &quot;too.’. It alvays comes before the</span></p></div>
    3303. 

  3303. <table border="1">
    3304. 

  3304. <tr><td>
    3305. 

  3305. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">3. A:</span></p></td><td>
    3306. 

  3306. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Yĭngguo rĕn ma? Is he English?</span></p></td></tr>
    3307. 

  3307. <tr><td>
    3308. 

  3308. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    3309. 

  3309. <p style="padding:0pt 50pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Bŭ shi, tā bú shi YIngguo No, he is not English, rĕn.</span></p></td></tr>
    3310. 

  3310. <tr><td>
    3311. 

  3311. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    3312. 

  3312. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Tă àiren ne? And his wife?</span></p></td></tr>
    3313. 

  3313. <tr><td>
    3314. 

  3314. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    3315. 

  3315. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Tā ye bú shi Yīngguo rĕn. She isn’t English either*</span></p></td></tr>
    3316. 

  3316. </table>
    3317. 

  3317. <p style="padding:33pt 0pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes</span><span class="font19"> on No« 3</span></p>
    3318. 

  3318. <p style="text-indent:22pt;padding:9pt 20pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">Àiren, which originally meant &quot;loved one,&quot; &quot;sveetheartor &quot;lover,” Is used in the PRC for either &quot;husband&quot; or &quot;wife,” i.e., for ”spouse.&quot;</span></p>
    3319. 

  3319. <p style="text-indent:22pt;padding:9pt 20pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">The possessive phrase ta </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">àiren</span><span class="font19">, &quot;his wife” (or <sup>,f</sup>her husband”), is formed by putting the vords for &quot;he&quot; (or &quot;she”）and &quot;spouse” together.</span></p>
    3320. 

  3320. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 21pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">The marker -de (which you have seen in n&amp;rde rĕn) is not needed when the possessive relationship is felt to be very close. (See also the notes on No. 5.)</span></p>
    3321. 

  3321. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:22pt;padding:21pt 20pt 6pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">Yĕ in a negative sentence is usually translated as &quot;either.<sup>11</sup> In this case, bù comes between </span><span class="font26">适</span><span class="font19"> and the vert. Possible English translations for yS</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19"> in bath affirmative and negative sentences, are</span></p>
    3322. 

  3322. <table border="1">
    3323. 

  3323. <tr><td>
    3324. 

  3324. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Tā </span><span class="font26">适</span><span class="font19"> shi Yĭngguo rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    3325. 

  3325. <p style="padding:0pt 66pt 0pt 44pt;"><span class="font19">She is English too. She is also English.</span></p></td></tr>
    3326. 

  3326. <tr><td>
    3327. 

  3327. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bŭ shi Yĭugguo rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    3328. 

  3328. <p style="padding:0pt 33pt 0pt 44pt;"><span class="font19">She is not English either. She is also not English.</span></p></td></tr>
    3329. 

  3329. </table>
    3330. 

  3330. <table border="1">
    3331. 

  3331. <tr><td>
    3332. 

  3332. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
    3333. 

  3333. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    3334. 

  3334. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Qĭngvèn, QĭngdSo zài năr?</span></p></td><td>
    3335. 

  3335. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">May I ask, where is Qingdao?</span></p></td></tr>
    3336. 

  3336. <tr><td>
    3337. 

  3337. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"></p></td><td>
    3338. 

  3338. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    3339. 

  3339. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">QīngdSo zài Shandong.</span></p></td><td>
    3340. 

  3340. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Qĭngdao is in Shandong.</span></p></td></tr>
    3341. 

  3341. </table>
    3342. 

  3342. <p style="padding:33pt 0pt 12pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">Note </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">on No.</span><span class="font19"> U</span></p>
    3343. 

  3343. <p style="text-align:center;padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Zăi is the vert &quot;to be in/at/on,” that is, &quot;to be somewhere•” Zài involves location, while shi involves identity, &quot;to *be someone/something•”</span></p>
    3344. 

  3344. <table cellpadding="9pt">
    3345. 

  3345. <tr>
    3346. 

  3346. <td valign="top" width="50%">
    3347. 

  3347. <table border="1">
    3348. 

  3348. <tr><td>
    3349. 

  3349. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"></p></td><td colspan="2">
    3350. 

  3350. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;"><span class="font19">identity</span></p></td></tr>
    3351. 

  3351. <tr><td>
    3352. 

  3352. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">W5</span></p></td><td>
    3353. 

  3353. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 16pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">shi</span></p></td><td>
    3354. 

  3354. <p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font19">MSiguo ren.</span></p></td></tr>
    3355. 

  3355. <tr><td>
    3356. 

  3356. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">(I</span></p></td><td>
    3357. 

  3357. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">am</span></p></td><td>
    3358. 

  3358. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 10pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">an American.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3359. 

  3359. </table></td>
    3360. 

  3360. <td valign="top" width="50%">
    3361. 

  3361. <table border="1">
    3362. 

  3362. <tr><td colspan="3">
    3363. 

  3363. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">location</span></p></td></tr>
    3364. 

  3364. <tr><td>
    3365. 

  3365. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">WS</span></p></td><td>
    3366. 

  3366. <p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font19">zài</span></p></td><td>
    3367. 

  3367. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 9pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">Zhongguo•</span></p></td></tr>
    3368. 

  3368. <tr><td>
    3369. 

  3369. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 18pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">(I</span></p></td><td>
    3370. 

  3370. <p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font19">am in</span></p></td><td>
    3371. 

  3371. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 9pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">China•)</span></p></td></tr>
    3372. 

  3372. </table></td></tr></table><hr/>
    3373. 

  3373. <table border="1">
    3374. 

  3374. <tr><td>
    3375. 

  3375. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    3376. 

  3376. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    3377. 

  3377. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Qĭngvèn, nĭ laojia zài năr?</span></p></td><td>
    3378. 

  3378. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">May I ask, vhere is your family</span></p></td></tr>
    3379. 

  3379. <tr><td>
    3380. 

  3380. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"></p></td><td>
    3381. 

  3381. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    3382. 

  3382. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">W5 laojiā zài Ăndàlŭĕ.</span></p></td><td>
    3383. 

  3383. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font19">irosK</span></p>
    3384. 

  3384. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">ytf</span><span class="font19"> family is from Ontario.</span></p></td></tr>
    3385. 

  3385. <tr><td>
    3386. 

  3386. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"></p></td><td>
    3387. 

  3387. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">C:</span></p></td><td>
    3388. 

  3388. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Wo lSojiā zài Shănd5ng.</span></p></td><td>
    3389. 

  3389. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">ìfy</span><span class="font19"> fcunily is from Shandong.</span></p></td></tr>
    3390. 

  3390. </table>
    3391. 

  3391. <p style="padding:33pt 0pt 9pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">Notes on No, </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">5</span></p>
    3392. 

  3392. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 43pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">Literally, laojiā is <sup>f,</sup>old home”（&quot;original home,” ”ancestral home,” &quot;native place<sup>1</sup>*), that is* the place you and your family are from. When a Chinese asks you about your </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">laojia</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19"> he probably wants to know about'your hometown, the place where you grev up* When you ask a Chinese atout his lSo.1ia<sub>%</sub> hovever, he will tell you where his family came from originally</span><span class="font26">。</span></p>
    3393. 

  3393. <p style="padding:0pt 33pt 9pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">A Chinese whose grandparents came from the province of Gŭangdòng will give that as his </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">l5o.1iā</span><span class="font19">, even if he and his parents have spent all of their lives in Sìchuān.</span></p>
    3394. 

  3394. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 33pt 3pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ iSojiā zài nar? (literally <sup>TĬ</sup>Where is your original home?&quot;) asks for the LOCATION of the town you come from. The question is answered with zài plus the name of the province (or state) that the town is located in: Wo laojia zài Dezhou (Andàluĕ, Shandong). Nĭ lao.Hā shi nar? (translated into English as &quot;What is your original home?”）asks about the IDENTITY of the town you come from. That question is answered with shi plus the name of the town (or city): Wo laojia shi Jiŭjĭnshān (Qingdao^ Shanghai) • Compare:</span></p>
    3395. 

  3395. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:3pt 0pt 9pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">Wo lăojiā zài Guangdong, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;My original home is in Gu&amp;ngdong.</span></p>
    3396. 

  3396. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">Wo lăojiā shi Guangzhou. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;My original home is_ Guangzhou.</span></p>
    3397. 

  3397. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:24pt;padding:0pt 25pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">The possessive nĭ </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">iSojiā</span><span class="font19">, like tā_àiren, does not require a possessive marker. Hovever, if more than one word must </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">'be</span><span class="font19"> used to indicate the possessor, </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">-de</span><span class="font19"> is often inserted after the last word: nĭ àlrende </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">lSo.lia</span><span class="font19">,</span></p>
    3398. 

  3398. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 57pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">”your spouse<sup>1</sup> s original home<sup>11</sup> or ”vhere your spouse*s family comes from.<sup>M</sup></span></p>
    3399. 

  3399. <table border="1">
    3400. 

  3400. <tr><td>
    3401. 

  3401. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    3402. 

  3402. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    3403. 

  3403. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Chen Shtmín Tongzhì zài năr?</span></p></td><td>
    3404. 

  3404. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">Where is Comrade Chen Shĭmín?</span></p></td></tr>
    3405. 

  3405. <tr><td>
    3406. 

  3406. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    3407. 

  3407. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    3408. 

  3408. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā zaì nàr.</span></p></td><td>
    3409. 

  3409. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">He<sup>f</sup>s there.</span></p></td></tr>
    3410. 

  3410. <tr><td>
    3411. 

  3411. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">7.</span></p></td><td>
    3412. 

  3412. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    3413. 

  3413. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Qĭngdăo zaì năr?</span></p></td><td>
    3414. 

  3414. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">Where is QīngdSo?</span></p></td></tr>
    3415. 

  3415. <tr><td>
    3416. 

  3416. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    3417. 

  3417. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B:</span></p></td><td>
    3418. 

  3418. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Zàì zhèr.</span></p></td><td>
    3419. 

  3419. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">It<sup>f</sup>s here.</span></p></td></tr>
    3420. 

  3420. <tr><td>
    3421. 

  3421. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">8.</span></p></td><td>
    3422. 

  3422. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">A:</span></p></td><td>
    3423. 

  3423. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ àiren xiànzàì </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">zk±</span><span class="font19"> năr?</span></p></td><td>
    3424. 

  3424. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">Where is your wife now?</span></p></td></tr>
    3425. 

  3425. <tr><td>
    3426. 

  3426. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
    3427. 

  3427. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">B</span></p></td><td>
    3428. 

  3428. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">WS àiren xiànzài zài Jìănádà.</span></p></td><td>
    3429. 

  3429. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font19">My wife Is in Canada nov.</span></p></td></tr>
    3430. 

  3430. </table>
    3431. 

  3431. <p style="padding:33pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Notes on Nos, 6»8</span></p>
    3432. 

  3432. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:24pt;padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">You have learned three vords for asking and telling about locations.</span></p>
    3433. 

  3433. <table border="1">
    3434. 

  3434. <tr><td>
    3435. 

  3435. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">n5r?</span></p></td><td>
    3436. 

  3436. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">(where?)</span></p></td></tr>
    3437. 

  3437. <tr><td>
    3438. 

  3438. <p style="padding:0pt 26pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">nàr (nèr) zhèr</span></p></td><td>
    3439. 

  3439. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 3pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">(there)</span></p>
    3440. 

  3440. <p style="text-align:center;padding:12pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">(here)</span></p></td></tr>
    3441. 

  3441. </table>
    3442. 

  3442. <p style="padding:12pt 11pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Notice that the question vord nSr is in the Low tone, while the ansver words nàr and zhèr are both in the Falling tone. Also notice that the vovel sound in zhèr is different from that in nar and nàr. (Some speakers prefer nèr to </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">nàr</span><span class="font19">.)</span></p>
    3443. 

  3443. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:24pt;padding:12pt 25pt 6pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">When you are talking about movable things and people that you presume are not nearby (&quot;nearby” &quot;being approximately within pointing range), you usually ask where they are NOW. The &quot;present time<sup>1</sup>’ word may &quot;be omitted if the time has &quot;been established earlier in the conversation.</span></p>
    3444. 

  3444. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:24pt;padding:6pt 0pt 6pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Nĭ àiren xiànzài zài năr? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Where is your wife </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">now?</span></p>
    3445. 

  3445. <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:24pt;padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Tā zài BSiJĭng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She<sup>1</sup>s in BSijĭng (now).</span></p>
    3446. 

  3446. <p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:12pt 11pt 21pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">If you ask about someone or something you presume to </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">&quot;be</span><span class="font19"> nearby (a pair of scissors in a drawer, for instance, or a person in a group across the room) &gt;&nbsp;you do not use xistnzài.</span></p>
    3447. 

  3447. <p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:21pt 11pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">In English, the words &quot;here<sup>11</sup> and &quot;there<sup>Tl</sup> are used to refer to locations of any size. In Chinese, however, zhèr and nàr are usually not used for cities, provinces, and countries (vith the exception that you may use zhĕr to refer to the city you are in). Instead, you repeat the name of the place. Compare these tvo exchanges in Beìjĭng:</span></p>
    3448. 

  3448. <p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:6pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">COUNTRY: MSdlng Xiansheng xiănzài zài Zhongguo ma?</span></p>
    3449. 

  3449. <p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 82pt;"><span class="font19">Tā xiănzài zài Zhongguo*</span></p>
    3450. 

  3450. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 82pt;"><span class="font19">(He*s here nov,)</span></p>
    3451. 

  3451. <p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">CITY: MSdlng Xiansheng xiànzài zài Shanghai ma?</span></p>
    3452. 

  3452. <p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 82pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bú zài SheLnghSi; tā zài zhèr.</span></p>
    3453. 

  3453. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 36pt 82pt;"><span class="font19">(He*8 not there; he<sup>f</sup>s here.)</span></p>
    3454. 

  3454. <p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:36pt 15pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">JiSnàdà^ &quot;Canada</span><span class="font26">”：</span><span class="font19"> Although the middle syllable of this word is marked with the Rising tone, at a normal rate of speech you will probably hear Jianadă.</span></p>
    3455. 

  3455. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 21pt 197pt;"><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">DRILLS</span></p>
    3456. 

  3456. <p style="padding:21pt 0pt 12pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Response Drill</span></p>
    3457. 

  3457. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Respond to the question &quot;Where is he/she from?<sup>,f</sup> according to the cue.</span></p>
    3458. 

  3458. <table border="1">
    3459. 

  3459. <tr><td>
    3460. 

  3460. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    3461. 

  3461. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker: Tā shi narde ren?</span></p>
    3462. 

  3462. <p style="padding:0pt 18pt 0pt 66pt;"><span class="font19">(cue) Hŭnăn (Where is he/she from?)</span></p></td><td>
    3463. 

  3463. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">You: Tā shi Hunan rĕn.</span></p>
    3464. 

  3464. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 11pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">(He/she is from Hunan.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3465. 

  3465. <tr><td>
    3466. 

  3466. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    3467. 

  3467. <p style="padding:0pt 35pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi nărde ren? Shandong (Where is he/she from?)</span></p></td><td>
    3468. 

  3468. <p style="padding:0pt 11pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Shandong rĕn. (He/she is from Shandong.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3469. 

  3469. <tr><td>
    3470. 

  3470. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    3471. 

  3471. <p style="padding:0pt 35pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Tā sbi narde ren? Hĕbĕi (Where is he/she from?)</span></p></td><td>
    3472. 

  3472. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Hĕbĕi ren.</span></p>
    3473. 

  3473. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">(He/she is from Hebei•)</span></p></td></tr>
    3474. 

  3474. <tr><td>
    3475. 

  3475. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">h.</span></p></td><td>
    3476. 

  3476. <p style="padding:0pt 35pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi narde ren? Jìăngsū (Where is he/she from?)</span></p></td><td>
    3477. 

  3477. <p style="padding:0pt 11pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Jiāngsū ren. (He/she is from Jiangsu.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3478. 

  3478. <tr><td>
    3479. 

  3479. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    3480. 

  3480. <p style="padding:0pt 35pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi nărde ren? Guăngdong (Where is he/she from?)</span></p></td><td>
    3481. 

  3481. <p style="padding:0pt 11pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Guangdong ren. (He/she is from GuSngdōng.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3482. 

  3482. <tr><td>
    3483. 

  3483. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    3484. 

  3484. <p style="padding:0pt 35pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi n&amp;rde ren? Hŭbíi (Where is he/she from?)</span></p></td><td>
    3485. 

  3485. <p style="padding:0pt 11pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">Tà shi HŭbSi ren. (He/she is from Húbei•)</span></p></td></tr>
    3486. 

  3486. <tr><td>
    3487. 

  3487. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">7.</span></p></td><td>
    3488. 

  3488. <p style="padding:0pt 35pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi nărde rĕn? Sichuan (Where is he/she from?)</span></p></td><td>
    3489. 

  3489. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi SĬchuān rĕn.</span></p>
    3490. 

  3490. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">(He/she is from Sĭchuān.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3491. 

  3491. </table>
    3492. 

  3492. <p style="padding:57pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">B. Transformation Drill</span></p>
    3493. 

  3493. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Ask the appropriate ”vhere” question, as in the exajnple.</span></p>
    3494. 

  3494. <table border="1">
    3495. 

  3495. <tr><td>
    3496. 

  3496. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    3497. 

  3497. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker: Zhān^ TŏxiRzhì Fŭren shi Beijing ren.</span></p>
    3498. 

  3498. <p style="padding:0pt 20pt 0pt 69pt;"><span class="font19">(Comrade Zhang's wife is from Beijĭng.)</span></p></td><td>
    3499. 

  3499. <p style="padding:0pt 46pt 0pt 59pt;"><span class="font19">You: Qĭngvèn» Zhang Fūren shi narde ren?</span></p>
    3500. 

  3500. <p style="padding:0pt 62pt 0pt 59pt;"><span class="font19">(May I ask, where is Mrs. Zhāng from?)</span></p></td></tr>
    3501. 

  3501. <tr><td>
    3502. 

  3502. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    3503. 

  3503. <p style="padding:0pt 20pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">Huang Tongzhì Fūren shi Shanghai rln.</span></p></td><td>
    3504. 

  3504. <p style="padding:0pt 46pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font19">Qĭngvèn <sub>9</sub> Huang Fūren shi nSrde rĕn?</span></p></td></tr>
    3505. 

  3505. <tr><td>
    3506. 

  3506. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">3-</span></p></td><td>
    3507. 

  3507. <p style="padding:0pt 20pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">Wang TÓngzhì Fūren shi Nanjing ren.</span></p></td><td>
    3508. 

  3508. <p style="padding:0pt 46pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font19">Qĭngwèn, Wang Fŭren shi narde ren?</span></p></td></tr>
    3509. 

  3509. <tr><td>
    3510. 

  3510. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
    3511. 

  3511. <p style="padding:0pt 20pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">Lĭ Tongzhì Fŭren shi Guăngzhōu ren.</span></p></td><td>
    3512. 

  3512. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font19">Qĭngwèn, Lĭ Fūren shi narde ren?</span></p></td></tr>
    3513. 

  3513. <tr><td>
    3514. 

  3514. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    3515. 

  3515. <p style="padding:0pt 20pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">Zhào Tŏngzhì Fŭren shi Xiănggăng ren.</span></p></td><td>
    3516. 

  3516. <p style="padding:0pt 46pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font19">Qĭngwèn, Zhào Fŭren shi narde ren?</span></p></td></tr>
    3517. 

  3517. </table>
    3518. 

  3518. <table border="1">
    3519. 

  3519. <tr><td>
    3520. 

  3520. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    3521. 

  3521. <p style="padding:0pt 30pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">Mao Tóngzhì Fŭren shi Qingdao rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    3522. 

  3522. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">Qĭngvèn </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"><sub>y</span><span class="font19"></sub> Máo Fūren shi narde ren?</span></p></td></tr>
    3523. 

  3523. <tr><td>
    3524. 

  3524. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">T.</span></p></td><td>
    3525. 

  3525. <p style="padding:0pt 30pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font19">Chĕn Tóngzhí Fūren shi Bĕijĭng rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    3526. 

  3526. <p style="padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">Qĭngvèn, Chen Fŭren shi narde rĕn?</span></p></td></tr>
    3527. 

  3527. </table>
    3528. 

  3528. <p style="padding:57pt 0pt 12pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">C. Transformation Drill</span></p>
    3529. 

  3529. <table>
    3530. 

  3530. <tr><td>
    3531. 

  3531. <p><span class="font19">Change affirmative statements to negative statements.</span></p></td></tr>
    3532. 

  3532. <tr><td>
    3533. 

  3533. <table border="1">
    3534. 

  3534. <tr><td>
    3535. 

  3535. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    3536. 

  3536. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker: Tā shi Hĕbĕi rĕn.</span></p>
    3537. 

  3537. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 13pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">(He/she is from Hetei.)</span></p></td><td>
    3538. 

  3538. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">You: Tā bŭ shi Hebei ren.</span></p>
    3539. 

  3539. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt;"><span class="font19">(He/she isn<sup>f</sup>t from Hebei.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3540. 

  3540. <tr><td>
    3541. 

  3541. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">2,</span></p></td><td>
    3542. 

  3542. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Shandong rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    3543. 

  3543. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bú shi Shāndōng ren.</span></p></td></tr>
    3544. 

  3544. <tr><td>
    3545. 

  3545. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    3546. 

  3546. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Jiăngsū rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    3547. 

  3547. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bu shi Jiāngsū ren.</span></p></td></tr>
    3548. 

  3548. <tr><td>
    3549. 

  3549. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
    3550. 

  3550. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Fŭjiàn rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    3551. 

  3551. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bú shi Fŭjiàn ren.</span></p></td></tr>
    3552. 

  3552. <tr><td>
    3553. 

  3553. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    3554. 

  3554. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tá shi Zhèjiáng rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    3555. 

  3555. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bú shi Zhèjiāng rĕn.</span></p></td></tr>
    3556. 

  3556. <tr><td>
    3557. 

  3557. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    3558. 

  3558. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tă shi Hŭnán ren.</span></p></td><td>
    3559. 

  3559. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bú shi fíŭnăn rĕn.</span></p></td></tr>
    3560. 

  3560. <tr><td>
    3561. 

  3561. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">7.</span></p></td><td>
    3562. 

  3562. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā shi Sĭchuān ren.</span></p></td><td>
    3563. 

  3563. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bú shi Sichuan ren.</span></p></td></tr>
    3564. 

  3564. </table></td></tr>
    3565. 

  3565. </table>
    3566. 

  3566. <p style="padding:57pt 0pt 12pt 13pt;"><span class="font19">D. </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation</span><span class="font19"> Drill</span></p>
    3567. 

  3567. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font19">Add </span><span class="font26">垣</span><span class="font19"> to the statements.</span></p>
    3568. 

  3568. <table border="1">
    3569. 

  3569. <tr><td>
    3570. 

  3570. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    3571. 

  3571. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Sp€</span></p></td><td>
    3572. 

  3572. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">taker:</span><span class="font19"> Tă shi Hĕ'b?i ren.</span></p>
    3573. 

  3573. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">(He/she is from Hebei -)</span></p></td><td>
    3574. 

  3574. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">You: Tā yĕ shi Hebei ren.</span></p>
    3575. 

  3575. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">(He/she is from Hĕbĕi too.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3576. 

  3576. <tr><td>
    3577. 

  3577. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    3578. 

  3578. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā</span></p></td><td>
    3579. 

  3579. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">shi Zhèjiāng ren.</span></p></td><td>
    3580. 

  3580. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Tā yĕ shi Zhèjiāng rĕn.</span></p></td></tr>
    3581. 

  3581. <tr><td>
    3582. 

  3582. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    3583. 

  3583. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā</span></p></td><td>
    3584. 

  3584. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">shi Fújiàn rĕn.</span></p></td><td>
    3585. 

  3585. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Tā yĕ shi Fŭjiàn ren.</span></p></td></tr>
    3586. 

  3586. <tr><td>
    3587. 

  3587. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
    3588. 

  3588. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā</span></p></td><td>
    3589. 

  3589. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">shi Húnăn ren.</span></p></td><td>
    3590. 

  3590. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Tă yĕ shi Hunan ren.</span></p></td></tr>
    3591. 

  3591. <tr><td>
    3592. 

  3592. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    3593. 

  3593. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā</span></p></td><td>
    3594. 

  3594. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">shi Jiāngsŭ ren.</span></p></td><td>
    3595. 

  3595. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Tā yĕ shi Jiangsu ren.</span></p></td></tr>
    3596. 

  3596. <tr><td>
    3597. 

  3597. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    3598. 

  3598. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā</span></p></td><td>
    3599. 

  3599. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">shi Shandong ren.</span></p></td><td>
    3600. 

  3600. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Tā ye shi Shandong ren.</span></p></td></tr>
    3601. 

  3601. <tr><td>
    3602. 

  3602. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"></p></td><td>
    3603. 

  3603. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">Tā</span></p></td><td>
    3604. 

  3604. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">shi Henan ren.</span></p></td><td>
    3605. 

  3605. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Tā yĕ shi Henan ren.</span></p></td></tr>
    3606. 

  3606. </table>
    3607. 

  3607. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">E. </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation</span><span class="font19"> Drill</span></p>
    3608. 

  3608. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 27pt;"><span class="font19">Add </span><span class="font26">这</span><span class="font19"> to the statements.</span></p>
    3609. 

  3609. <table border="1">
    3610. 

  3610. <tr><td>
    3611. 

  3611. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    3612. 

  3612. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker: Zhao Xiansheng bú shi' Táìvān rĕn.</span></p>
    3613. 

  3613. <p style="padding:0pt 31pt 0pt 67pt;"><span class="font19">(Mr. Zhào isn<sup>f</sup>t from Taiwan.)</span></p></td><td>
    3614. 

  3614. <p style="padding:0pt 60pt 0pt 55pt;"><span class="font19">You: Zhào Xiansheng y? bú shi Taiwan rĕn.</span></p>
    3615. 

  3615. <p style="padding:0pt 60pt 0pt 55pt;"><span class="font19">(Mr. Zhào isn<sup>f</sup>t from Taiwan either.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3616. 

  3616. <tr><td>
    3617. 

  3617. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    3618. 

  3618. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Lĭ Xiansheng bú shi Taibei rĕn. (Mr. Lĭ isn*t from Taibei.)</span></p></td><td>
    3619. 

  3619. <p style="padding:0pt 60pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">Lĭ Xiansheng y? bú shi TáitSi ren.</span></p>
    3620. 

  3620. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">(Mr</span><span class="font26">。</span><span class="font19"> Lĭ isn<sup>f</sup>t from Taibei either.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3621. 

  3621. <tr><td>
    3622. 

  3622. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    3623. 

  3623. <p style="padding:0pt 31pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Wang Xiansheng bú shi Táizhong rĕn.</span></p>
    3624. 

  3624. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">(Mr Wáng isn*t from Taizhong.)</span></p></td><td>
    3625. 

  3625. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">Wang Xiansheng yS bú shi Táizhong</span></p>
    3626. 

  3626. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">rin.</span></p>
    3627. 

  3627. <p style="padding:0pt 60pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">(Mr. Wang isnH from Táizhong either.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3628. 

  3628. <tr><td>
    3629. 

  3629. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"></p></td><td>
    3630. 

  3630. <p style="padding:0pt 31pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Huang Xiansheng bú shi Táìnán ren,</span></p>
    3631. 

  3631. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">(Mr. Huáng isn't from Tainan.)</span></p></td><td>
    3632. 

  3632. <p style="padding:0pt 60pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">Huang Xiansheng yĕ &quot;bu shi Táinán ren.</span></p>
    3633. 

  3633. <p style="padding:0pt 60pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">(Mr, Huang isn’t from Tainan either.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3634. 

  3634. <tr><td>
    3635. 

  3635. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">5.</span></p></td><td>
    3636. 

  3636. <p style="padding:0pt 31pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Liu Xiansheng bú shi Táiàēng rln.</span></p>
    3637. 

  3637. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">(Mr. Liú isn<sup>f</sup>t from Táìdong.)</span></p></td><td>
    3638. 

  3638. <p style="padding:0pt 60pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">Liu Xiansheng y§ &quot;bŭ shi Táìdong rĕn.</span></p>
    3639. 

  3639. <p style="padding:0pt 60pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">(Mr. Liú isn<sup>f</sup>t from Taidong either.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3640. 

  3640. <tr><td>
    3641. 

  3641. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p>
    3642. 

  3642. <p style="padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">7-</span></p></td><td>
    3643. 

  3643. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Hu Xiansheng bu shi Jĭláng rĕn. (Mr. Hu isn*t from Jīlong.)</span></p>
    3644. 

  3644. <p style="padding:9pt 31pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Chen Xiansheng bu shi Găoxiong rĕn.</span></p>
    3645. 

  3645. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">(Mr. Chĕn isn<sup>?</sup>t from Găoxì6ng.)</span></p></td><td>
    3646. 

  3646. <p style="padding:0pt 60pt 9pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">Hŭ Xiansheng yS bú shi Jĭlong rĕn. (Mr. Hu isn<sup>?</sup>t from Jllong either.)</span></p>
    3647. 

  3647. <p style="padding:9pt 60pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">Chen Xiansheng yĕ bú shi Gāoxiĕng ren,</span></p>
    3648. 

  3648. <p style="padding:0pt 60pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font19">(Mr. Chen isn^ from Găo%ìong either.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3649. 

  3649. </table>
    3650. 

  3650. <table>
    3651. 

  3651. <tr><td>
    3652. 

  3652. <p><span class="font19">F. Response Drill</span></p></td></tr>
    3653. 

  3653. <tr><td>
    3654. 

  3654. <table border="1">
    3655. 

  3655. <tr><td>
    3656. 

  3656. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    3657. 

  3657. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker: Ma Ton^zhì shi Bĕijĭn^ ren ma?</span></p>
    3658. 

  3658. <p style="padding:0pt 33pt 3pt 68pt;"><span class="font19">(Is Comrade Mă from Bĕijĭng?)</span></p>
    3659. 

  3659. <p style="text-align:center;padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font19">Tā àiren ne?</span></p>
    3660. 

  3660. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 68pt;"><span class="font19">(And his/her spouse?)</span></p></td><td>
    3661. 

  3661. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font19">You: Tā &quot;bŭ shi Bĕijlng rén.</span></p>
    3662. 

  3662. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 30pt 56pt;"><span class="font19">(He/she isn<sup>f</sup>t from Bĕijĭng.)</span></p>
    3663. 

  3663. <p style="padding:30pt 56pt 0pt 56pt;"><span class="font19">Tā àiren yĕ &quot;bú shi BSiJIng ren.</span></p>
    3664. 

  3664. <p style="padding:0pt 56pt 0pt 56pt;"><span class="font19">(He/she isn't from BSiJĭng either.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3665. 

  3665. </table></td></tr>
    3666. 

  3666. </table>
    3667. 

  3667. <table border="1">
    3668. 

  3668. <tr><td>
    3669. 

  3669. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    3670. 

  3670. <p style="padding:0pt 24pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Zhāng Tongzhĭ shi Shanghai ren ma?</span></p>
    3671. 

  3671. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">(Is Comrade Zhāng from Shanghai?)</span></p></td><td>
    3672. 

  3672. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bú shi Shanghai ren.</span></p>
    3673. 

  3673. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">(He/she isn’t from ShànghSi.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3674. 

  3674. <tr><td>
    3675. 

  3675. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"></p></td><td>
    3676. 

  3676. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā àiren ne?</span></p>
    3677. 

  3677. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">(And his/her spouse?)</span></p></td><td>
    3678. 

  3678. <p style="padding:0pt 83pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā àiren yĕ bú shi Shanghai ren. (He/she isn<sup>f</sup>t from Shanghai either.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3679. 

  3679. <tr><td>
    3680. 

  3680. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    3681. 

  3681. <p style="padding:0pt 24pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Jiāng Tŏngzhì shi Nánjĭng ren ma? (Is Comrade Jiang from NanjIng?)</span></p></td><td>
    3682. 

  3682. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bú shi NanJĭng ren.</span></p>
    3683. 

  3683. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">(He/she isn<sup>f</sup>t from Nánjĭng.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3684. 

  3684. <tr><td>
    3685. 

  3685. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"></p></td><td>
    3686. 

  3686. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā àiren ne?</span></p>
    3687. 

  3687. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">(And his/her spouse?)</span></p></td><td>
    3688. 

  3688. <p style="padding:0pt 83pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā àiren yĕ bŭ shi Nanjing ren. (He/she isn't from Nánjĭng</span></p></td></tr>
    3689. 

  3689. <tr><td>
    3690. 

  3690. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">U.</span></p></td><td>
    3691. 

  3691. <p style="padding:0pt 24pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Chen TSngzhì shi Guăngzhōu ren ma?</span></p>
    3692. 

  3692. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">(Is Comrade Chĕn from Gu&amp;ngzhou?)</span></p></td><td>
    3693. 

  3693. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 57pt;"><span class="font19">•)</span></p>
    3694. 

  3694. <p style="padding:12pt 83pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bú shi Guangzhōu ren. (He/she isn，t from Guangzhou.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3695. 

  3695. <tr><td>
    3696. 

  3696. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"></p></td><td>
    3697. 

  3697. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā àiren ne?</span></p>
    3698. 

  3698. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">(And his/her spouse?)</span></p></td><td>
    3699. 

  3699. <p style="padding:0pt 83pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā y§ bu shi Guangzhou ren. (He/she isn<sup>f</sup>t from Gusmgzhou either•)</span></p></td></tr>
    3700. 

  3700. <tr><td>
    3701. 

  3701. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    3702. 

  3702. <p style="padding:0pt 24pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Sūn Tongzhì bu shi Chlngàū ren zna?</span></p>
    3703. 

  3703. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">(Is Comrade Sūn from Chĕngàū?)</span></p></td><td>
    3704. 

  3704. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bú shi Chengdu rén.</span></p>
    3705. 

  3705. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">(He/she isn<sup>!</sup>t from Chengdu.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3706. 

  3706. <tr><td>
    3707. 

  3707. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"></p></td><td>
    3708. 

  3708. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā àiren ne?</span></p>
    3709. 

  3709. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">(And his/her spousef)</span></p></td><td>
    3710. 

  3710. <p style="padding:0pt 83pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā èìren yĕ bŭ shi Chengdu ren</span><span class="font26">。 </span><span class="font19">(Ke/she isn<sup>?</sup>t from Chengdu either.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3711. 

  3711. <tr><td>
    3712. 

  3712. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    3713. 

  3713. <p style="padding:0pt 24pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Măo TSngzhì shi Qlngd&amp;o rĕn ma? (Is Comrade Mio from QĭngdSo?)</span></p></td><td>
    3714. 

  3714. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bú shi QĭngcLăo ren.</span></p>
    3715. 

  3715. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">(He/she isn't from Qingdao.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3716. 

  3716. <tr><td>
    3717. 

  3717. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"></p></td><td>
    3718. 

  3718. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā àiren ne?</span></p>
    3719. 

  3719. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">(And his/her spousa?)</span></p></td><td>
    3720. 

  3720. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā áiren yĕ bŭ shi Qĭngdăo ren. (His/her spouse isn<sup>s</sup>t from Qĭngdao either</span><span class="font26">。）</span><span class="font19"> '</span></p></td></tr>
    3721. 

  3721. <tr><td>
    3722. 

  3722. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">7.</span></p></td><td>
    3723. 

  3723. <p style="padding:0pt 24pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Yang Tongzhì shi Beijĭng ren ma? (Is Comrade Yáng from Bĕijĭng?)</span></p></td><td>
    3724. 

  3724. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā bŭ sīii Beij ĭng x&quot;ĕn.</span></p>
    3725. 

  3725. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">(He/she isn<sup>?</sup>t froia Bĕijĭng,)</span></p></td></tr>
    3726. 

  3726. <tr><td>
    3727. 

  3727. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"></p></td><td>
    3728. 

  3728. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā àiren ne?</span></p>
    3729. 

  3729. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">(And his/her spouse?)</span></p></td><td>
    3730. 

  3730. <p style="padding:0pt 83pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā àiren yĕ </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">tŭ</span><span class="font19"> shi Beijing ren. (His/her spouse ísn<sup>c</sup>t from Beijing either.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3731. 

  3731. </table>
    3732. 

  3732. <table>
    3733. 

  3733. <tr><td>
    3734. 

  3734. <p><span class="font19">G. Response Drill</span></p></td></tr>
    3735. 

  3735. <tr><td>
    3736. 

  3736. <table border="1">
    3737. 

  3737. <tr><td>
    3738. 

  3738. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font19">1-</span></p></td><td>
    3739. 

  3739. <p style="padding:0pt 11pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker: Qĭngwèn <sub>5</sub> Qĭngdăo zài năr? (cue) Shāndōng (May I ask, where is Qĭngdăo?)</span></p></td><td>
    3740. 

  3740. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">You: Qĭngdăo zài Shāndōng.</span></p>
    3741. 

  3741. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 14pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">(Qĭngdăo is in Shandong.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3742. 

  3742. </table></td></tr>
    3743. 

  3743. </table>
    3744. 

  3744. <table border="1">
    3745. 

  3745. <tr><td>
    3746. 

  3746. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    3747. 

  3747. <p style="padding:0pt 20pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">Qĭngvèn, Nánjĭng zài nSr? Jiangsu</span></p>
    3748. 

  3748. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">(May I ask, where is Nánjĭng?)</span></p></td><td>
    3749. 

  3749. <p style="padding:0pt 46pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Nánjĭng zài Jiāngsū. (Nánjĭng is in Jiăngsū.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3750. 

  3750. <tr><td>
    3751. 

  3751. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    3752. 

  3752. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">Qĭngvèn <sub>9</sub> Guangzhou zài năr?</span></p>
    3753. 

  3753. <p style="padding:0pt 20pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">G\mngdōng (May I ask, vhere is GuSngzhōu?)</span></p></td><td>
    3754. 

  3754. <p style="padding:0pt 31pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">GuSngzhōu zài Guangdong.) (Guangzhou is in Guangdong.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3755. 

  3755. <tr><td>
    3756. 

  3756. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">U.</span></p></td><td>
    3757. 

  3757. <p style="padding:0pt 20pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">Qĭngvèn, ShànghSi zài năr? Jiăngsū</span></p>
    3758. 

  3758. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">(May I ask, where is Shăn^iai?)</span></p></td><td>
    3759. 

  3759. <p style="padding:0pt 31pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Shănghăì zài Jiangsu. (Shanghai is in Jiangsu.)*</span></p></td></tr>
    3760. 

  3760. <tr><td>
    3761. 

  3761. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    3762. 

  3762. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">Qĭngwèn, BSiJĭng zài nSr?</span></p>
    3763. 

  3763. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">Hebei</span></p>
    3764. 

  3764. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">(May I ask</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19"> where is Bĕijĭng?)</span></p></td><td>
    3765. 

  3765. <p style="padding:0pt 68pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Beìjīng zàì Hĕì&gt;ĕi • (BĕiJIng is in Hĕ*bĕi.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3766. 

  3766. <tr><td>
    3767. 

  3767. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    3768. 

  3768. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">Qĭngr/èn, QīngdSo zài năr?</span></p>
    3769. 

  3769. <p style="padding:0pt 20pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">Shandong (May I ask, where is Qĭngdao?)</span></p></td><td>
    3770. 

  3770. <p style="padding:0pt 46pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Qīngdao zài Shănd5ng* (Qīngdăo is in Shandong.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3771. 

  3771. <tr><td>
    3772. 

  3772. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font19">T.</span></p></td><td>
    3773. 

  3773. <p style="padding:0pt 20pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">Qĭngwèn，Shanghai zili năr? Jiāngsū</span></p>
    3774. 

  3774. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19" style="font-variant:small-caps;">(Méqt I ask, vhere is Shanghai?)</span></p></td><td>
    3775. 

  3775. <p style="padding:0pt 46pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font19">Shanghai </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">%kí</span><span class="font19"> Jìāngsū. (ShànghSi is in Jiangsu.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3776. 

  3776. </table>
    3777. 

  3777. <p style="padding:27pt 67pt 57pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">^Although Shanghai is physically located in Jiangsu Province, it is a separate political entity. (The cities of Beijĭng and TiānJĭn are also separate entities.)</span></p>
    3778. 

  3778. <table>
    3779. 

  3779. <tr><td>
    3780. 

  3780. <p><span class="font19">H. Transformation Drill</span></p></td></tr>
    3781. 

  3781. <tr><td>
    3782. 

  3782. <table border="1">
    3783. 

  3783. <tr><td>
    3784. 

  3784. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">1.</span></p></td><td>
    3785. 

  3785. <p style="padding:0pt 29pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker: Lfn </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;font-variant:small-caps;">T6tìrzìíÌ</span><span class="font19"> shi Hub?i ren.</span></p>
    3786. 

  3786. <p style="padding:0pt 29pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font19">(Comrade LÍn is from Hubei.)</span></p></td><td>
    3787. 

  3787. <p style="padding:0pt 63pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font19">You: Lin Tongzhìde laojìă zàì Húbĕi.</span></p>
    3788. 

  3788. <p style="padding:0pt 63pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font19">(Coiarade LÍn’s family is from Húì&gt;ĕi»)</span></p></td></tr>
    3789. 

  3789. <tr><td>
    3790. 

  3790. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    3791. 

  3791. <p style="padding:0pt 29pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Wăng Tongzhì shi Shānxī rĕn. (Comrade Wang is from Shanxi.)</span></p></td><td>
    3792. 

  3792. <p style="padding:0pt 42pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">Wáng Tongzhìde lăojiā zài Shánxī. (Comrade Wang<sup>1</sup>a family is from Shānxī•)</span></p></td></tr>
    3793. 

  3793. <tr><td>
    3794. 

  3794. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 36pt 12pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p>
    3795. 

  3795. <p style="padding:36pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
    3796. 

  3796. <p style="padding:0pt 29pt 21pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Huang Tongzhĭ shi Shanxĭ ren. (Comrade Huang is from Shănxī•)</span></p>
    3797. 

  3797. <p style="padding:21pt 29pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Gāo Tongzhì shi Fŭjiàn ren. (Comrade Gāo is from Fújiàn.)</span></p></td><td>
    3798. 

  3798. <p style="padding:0pt 42pt 9pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">Huang Tongzhìde laojiā zài Shanxi. (Comrade Huang<sup>1</sup>s family is from Shanxi•)</span></p>
    3799. 

  3799. <p style="padding:9pt 42pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">Gāo Tongzhĭde lăojìā zàì Fújiàn. (Comrade Gao<sup>f</sup>s family is from Fŭjiàn.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3800. 

  3800. </table></td></tr>
    3801. 

  3801. </table>
    3802. 

  3802. <table border="1">
    3803. 

  3803. <tr><td>
    3804. 

  3804. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    3805. 

  3805. <p style="padding:0pt 26pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Lĭ Tŏngzhì shi Sìchuān ren. (Comrade Lĭ is from Sĭchuān.)</span></p></td><td>
    3806. 

  3806. <p style="padding:0pt 33pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font19">Lĭ Tongzhìde lăojiā zài Sichuan. (Comrade Lĭ<sup>f</sup>s family is from Sĭchuān.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3807. 

  3807. <tr><td>
    3808. 

  3808. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p></td><td>
    3809. 

  3809. <p style="padding:0pt 11pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Zhou Tongzhĭ shi Zhèjiāng rĕn. (Comrade Zhou is from Zhejiang.)</span></p></td><td>
    3810. 

  3810. <p style="padding:0pt 72pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font19">Zhou Tongzhìde laojiā zài Zhèjiāng.</span></p>
    3811. 

  3811. <p style="padding:0pt 33pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font19">(Comrade Zhōu<sup>f</sup>s family is from Zhejiang.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3812. 

  3812. <tr><td>
    3813. 

  3813. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">7.</span></p></td><td>
    3814. 

  3814. <p style="padding:0pt 41pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font19">Măo Tongzhĭ shi Hunan, rĕn. (Comrade Mao is from Hunan.)</span></p></td><td>
    3815. 

  3815. <p style="padding:0pt 33pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font19">Mao Tongzhìde lăojiā zài fíúnăn. (Comrade Mao<sup>f</sup>s family is from Hunan.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3816. 

  3816. </table>
    3817. 

  3817. <table>
    3818. 

  3818. <tr><td>
    3819. 

  3819. <p><span class="font19">I. Response Drill</span></p></td></tr>
    3820. 

  3820. <tr><td>
    3821. 

  3821. <table border="1">
    3822. 

  3822. <tr><td>
    3823. 

  3823. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">1,</span></p></td><td>
    3824. 

  3824. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Speaker: Tā àiren zài năr?</span></p>
    3825. 

  3825. <p style="padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 70pt;"><span class="font19">(cue) Meiguo (Where is his/her spouse?)</span></p></td><td>
    3826. 

  3826. <p style="padding:0pt 47pt 0pt 50pt;"><span class="font19">You: Tā àiren xìànzài zài MSiguo. (His/her spouse is in America nov.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3827. 

  3827. <tr><td>
    3828. 

  3828. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">2.</span></p></td><td>
    3829. 

  3829. <p style="padding:0pt 45pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā àiren zài n&amp;r? Jiănádà (Where is his/her spouse?)</span></p></td><td>
    3830. 

  3830. <p style="padding:0pt 47pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">Tă àiren xiànzài zàl Jìānádā. (His/her spouse is in Canada nov,)</span></p></td></tr>
    3831. 

  3831. <tr><td>
    3832. 

  3832. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">3.</span></p></td><td>
    3833. 

  3833. <p style="padding:0pt 45pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā àiren zài năr? Yĭngguo (Where is his/her spouse?)</span></p></td><td>
    3834. 

  3834. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 78pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">Tā àiren xìànzàì zài Yĭngguo. (His/her spouse is in England now.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3835. 

  3835. <tr><td>
    3836. 

  3836. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
    3837. 

  3837. <p style="padding:0pt 45pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā àiren zài năr? Dĕguo (Where is his/her spouse?)</span></p></td><td>
    3838. 

  3838. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 78pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">Tā àiren xiànzàì zàì Dĕguo. (His/her spouse is in Germany now</span><span class="font26">。）</span></p></td></tr>
    3839. 

  3839. <tr><td>
    3840. 

  3840. <p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">5.</span></p></td><td>
    3841. 

  3841. <p style="padding:0pt 45pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā àiren zàì năr? Mĕiguo (Where is his/her spouse?)</span></p></td><td>
    3842. 

  3842. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 78pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">Ta àiren xiànzài zài Fàgu6« (His/her spouse is in America now,)</span></p></td></tr>
    3843. 

  3843. <tr><td>
    3844. 

  3844. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">6.</span></p>
    3845. 

  3845. <p style="text-align:right;padding:24pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font19">7.</span></p></td><td>
    3846. 

  3846. <p style="padding:0pt 45pt 9pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā àiren zài năr? Fàguo (Where is his/her spouse?)</span></p>
    3847. 

  3847. <p style="padding:9pt 45pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font19">Tā àiren zài năr? èguo (Where is his/her spouse?)</span></p></td><td>
    3848. 

  3848. <p style="padding:0pt 47pt 9pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">Tā àiren xiànzài zài Fàguo. (His/her spouse is in France now.)</span></p>
    3849. 

  3849. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">Tā àiren xiànzài zài Èguŏ.</span></p>
    3850. 

  3850. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font19">(His/her spouse is in Russia nov.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3851. 

  3851. </table></td></tr>
    3852. 

  3852. </table>
    3853. 

  3853. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 33pt 13pt;"><a name="bookmark30"></a><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">CRITERION TEST SAMPLE</span></p>
    3854. 

  3854. <p style="text-indent:29pt;padding:33pt 10pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">The purpose of the Criterion Test at the end of each module is to show you not only how much of the material you have learned, but also vhat points you need to work on before ì&gt;eginning to study another modtŭA.</span></p>
    3855. 

  3855. <p style="text-indent:29pt;padding:9pt 10pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Since the primary goal of ORN is to introduce the sound system of Standard Chinese, this test focuses on your ability to discriminate and produce tones, vowels, and consonants. Additionally, there are sections which test your ability to comprehend and produce numbers from 1 through 99 and the material in the ORN Target Lists. Your knowledge of personal names and titles and the romanization system Is also tested. Read the Objectives at the beginning of the module for a description of exactly what the test covers. Note: Although the entire sound system is introduced in the Pronunciation and Romanization Module, you will be tested here only on tho«e sounds which occur in the Target Sentences. Other sounds will be included in Criterion Tests for later modules.</span></p>
    3856. 

  3856. <p style="text-indent:29pt;padding:9pt 10pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Following is a sample of the Criterion Test for this module• Each section of the test, with directions and a sample question, is represented here so that you may know exactly what is expected of you after studying the ORN Module.</span></p>
    3857. 

  3857. <p style="text-indent:29pt;padding:9pt 10pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Minimum scores are suggested for each section of the test. Achieving these'scores means that you are adequately prepared for the next module.</span></p>
    3858. 

  3858. <p style="padding:0pt 16pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">If you fall below the minimum criterion on any section, you should review relevant study materials.</span></p>
    3859. 

  3859. <p style="text-indent:29pt;padding:9pt 10pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">You vill use a tape to complete Part I of the test. Part II is written, and you vill complete Part III with your instructor. Part IV of the test (Diagnostics) indicates the passing score for each section and review materials for each section.</span></p>
    3860. 

  3860. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">Part I</span></p>
    3861. 

  3861. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:24pt 18pt 9pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">This section tests your ability to distinguish the four tones. In your test booklet you will see two syllables after each letter. The speaker will pronounce both syllables, and then say one of them again. You are to decide which syllable vas repeated, and circle the appropriate one to indicate your choice. The syllables may occur in any of the four tones, regardless of which tone vas used previously in the module. The same syllable may occur more than once in this section.</span></p>
    3862. 

  3862. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">For example, the speaker might say: fĕi..&gt;f§i and then repeat fēi•</span></p>
    3863. 

  3863. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 36pt 53pt;"><span class="font19">a. </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">(pi)</span><span class="font19"> fSi</span></p>
    3864. 

  3864. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:36pt 18pt 9pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">2. This section tests your ability to recognize the four tones in isolated syllables. The speaker will pronounce a syllable twice; you add to the written syllable the tone that you hear. Again</span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;"><sub>9</span><span class="font19"></sub> the syllables may occur in any of the four tones, regardless of vhich tone vas used previously in the module.</span></p>
    3865. 

  3865. <p style="padding:9pt 170pt 24pt 53pt;"><span class="font19">For example, the speaker might say: fei_...fSi. a. fVi</span></p>
    3866. 

  3866. <p style="padding:24pt 18pt 9pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">3. This section tests your ability to recognize the four tones in tvo-8yllable coxnbinations. The speaker pronounces each two-syllable item twice and then pauses a moment for you to mark tones on the written syllables. For the first ten items, one of the two tones is already marked. For the last ten items, you must fill in both tones.</span></p>
    3867. 

  3867. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">For example</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19"> the speaker might say: chăbei.•</span></p>
    3868. 

  3868. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 36pt 53pt;"><span class="font19">a. chábe^i</span></p>
    3869. 

  3869. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:36pt 18pt 9pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">U. In this section, you are tested on syllables vhich differ minimally in sound. The speaker will pronounce each syllable in an item once; then he will pronounce one of the syllables again. Decide vhich of the syllables was repeated</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19"> and indicate your choice by circling that written syllable in your test booklet. The syllables in this test do not necessarily correspond in every vay to syllables in the Target Lists They may vary in tone</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19"> for example.</span></p>
    3870. 

  3870. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">For example, the speaker might say: fan...</span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">fang</span><span class="font19"> and then repeat fang.</span></p>
    3871. 

  3871. <p style="padding:0pt 16pt 9pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">5. In this section, you complete the romanization for the syllables that you hear. As the speaker says a syllable, write the appropriate vovel or consonant letter(s) in the blank. This tests your ability to recognize the sotinds of a syllable and to use the romanization system correctly. The speaker will say each syllable twice.</span></p>
    3872. 

  3872. <p style="padding:9pt 29pt 36pt 53pt;"><span class="font19">For example, the speaker might say: păng.•&gt;pàng; then you would write <sup>a</sup>-</span></p>
    3873. 

  3873. <p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:36pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">This section tests your ability to understand the numbers 1 through 99 in Chinese. For c dovn the numerals</span></p><div style="float:right;layout-flow:horizontal;">
    3874. 

  3874. <p style="padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 77pt;"><span class="font19">in Chinese. For each item, the speaker will say a number» and you write srals for that nuiaber.</span></p></div>
    3875. 

  3875. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 112pt;"><span class="font19">For example, you might hear: shí^san</span></p>
    3876. 

  3876. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 36pt 53pt;"><a name="bookmark86"></a><span class="font19">a. </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">13</span></p>
    3877. 

  3877. <p style="padding:36pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">1.</span><span class="font19"> This section tests your ability to understand questions and ansvers</span></p>
    3878. 

  3878. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 16pt 9pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">about where someone is from and vhere he is nov. Listen to a conversation tetveen Mr. Johnson and Comrade Zhào, wbo have Just met. You vill hear the conversation three times. The third time you hear it, a pause will follow each line. You may use these pauses to fill in the boxes in your booklet with appropriate information. (You do not have to wait for the second repetition of the conversation to fill in the ansvers, of course.)</span></p>
    3879. 

  3879. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 21pt 112pt;"><span class="font19">For example: [You will hear a conversation similar to conversations you heard on the C-2 tapes in this module.3</span></p>
    3880. 

  3880. <table border="1">
    3881. 

  3881. <tr><td>
    3882. 

  3882. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"></p></td><td>
    3883. 

  3883. <p style="padding:0pt 32pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19">Home State or Province</span></p></td><td>
    3884. 

  3884. <p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Present</span></p>
    3885. 

  3885. <p style="text-align:center;padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font19">Location</span></p></td></tr>
    3886. 

  3886. <tr><td>
    3887. 

  3887. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">Comrade Zhăo</span></p></td><td>
    3888. 

  3888. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
    3889. 

  3889. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"></p></td></tr>
    3890. 

  3890. <tr><td>
    3891. 

  3891. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">Mr. Johnson (Yuēhànsūn)</span></p></td><td>
    3892. 

  3892. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
    3893. 

  3893. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"></p></td></tr>
    3894. 

  3894. <tr><td>
    3895. 

  3895. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">Comrade Zhào，s husi)and</span></p></td><td>
    3896. 

  3896. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
    3897. 

  3897. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"></p></td></tr>
    3898. 

  3898. <tr><td>
    3899. 

  3899. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font19">Mrs. Johnson</span></p></td><td>
    3900. 

  3900. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
    3901. 

  3901. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"></p></td></tr>
    3902. 

  3902. </table>
    3903. 

  3903. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:27pt 40pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font19">8. This section tests your ability to comprehend Chinese utterances *by asking you for the English equivalents. For each item, the speaker vill say a sentence from the Target List twice• You indicate your understanding of the sentence by circling the letter of the English sentence vhich most closely matches the meaning of the Chinese sentence.</span></p>
    3904. 

  3904. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 29pt;"><span class="font19">For example, you might hear: Nĭ shi </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">shéi</span><span class="font19">?..»</span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">NĬ</span><span class="font19"> shi shĕi?</span></p>
    3905. 

  3905. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 57pt;"><span class="font19">1. a. Who is she?</span></p>
    3906. 

  3906. <p style="padding:0pt 280pt 57pt 102pt;"><span class="font19">b. Who is he? Who are you?</span></p>
    3907. 

  3907. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:57pt 0pt 24pt 29pt;"><span class="font19">Part II</span></p>
    3908. 

  3908. <p style="padding:24pt 10pt 12pt 29pt;"><span class="font19">This section tests your general understanding of the Chinese system of personal names and titles. Read the family histories in your test booklet, and ansver the questions.</span></p>
    3909. 

  3909. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 29pt;"><span class="font19">For example,</span></p>
    3910. 

  3910. <p style="padding:12pt 10pt 12pt 29pt;"><span class="font19">Yang TÍngfĕng is the Chinese name used </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">lay</span><span class="font19"> an American, Timothy Young, nov that he is living in Taipei. His Chinese surname is:</span></p>
    3911. 

  3911. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 57pt;"><span class="font19">1. (a^) Yăng</span></p>
    3912. 

  3912. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 102pt;"><span class="font19">*b, Tíngfēng</span></p>
    3913. 

  3913. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 57pt 102pt;"><span class="font19">c. Yang Tíngfĕng</span></p>
    3914. 

  3914. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:57pt 0pt 24pt 29pt;"><span class="font19">Part III</span></p>
    3915. 

  3915. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:24pt 27pt 12pt 29pt;"><span class="font19">10. This section tests your ability to pronounce the four tones. Simple sound com'binatìons have been chosen so that special attention may be given to tone production. For each item, choose one syllable and read it aloud. As you do so, put a circle around the one you choose. The instructor will note the syllable he hears. Be sure to choose a fair sampling of all four tones, and select them in random order.</span></p>
    3916. 

  3916. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 29pt;"><span class="font19">For example, you might say: niă</span></p>
    3917. 

  3917. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 36pt 57pt;"><span class="font19">a. ma &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ma mà</span></p>
    3918. 

  3918. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:36pt 27pt 0pt 29pt;"><span class="font19">11. This section tests your ability to pronounce Chinese sounds from the Target Lists</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19"> as well as your ability to read romanization. For each item, choose one syllable and read it aloud. As you do so</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19"> put a circle around the one you choose. The instructor will note the syllable he hears. Be sure to choose syllables from each column as you go through this section of the test.</span></p>
    3919. 

  3919. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 30pt;"><span class="font19">For example, you might say: nín</span></p>
    3920. 

  3920. <p style="padding:12pt 0pt 36pt 59pt;"><span class="font19">a. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;níng</span></p>
    3921. 

  3921. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:36pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font19">12. This section tests your ability to locate and name main cities and</span></p>
    3922. 

  3922. <p style="padding:0pt 11pt 33pt 30pt;"><span class="font19">provinces in China. Using the map in your &quot;booklet, point out to your instructor five cities and five provinces and name them. Pronunciation is of secondary importance here.</span></p>
    3923. 

  3923. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:33pt 11pt 33pt 30pt;"><span class="font19">13. This section tests your ability to produce sentences in Chinese. Your instructor will say an English sentence from the Target Lists<sub>9</sub> and you translate it into Chinese. Your Chinese sentence must &quot;be correct *both in grammar and in content.</span></p>
    3924. 

  3924. <p style="padding:33pt 11pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font19">lU. This section tests your ability to make conversational use of the material covered in this module. Although limited in scope, this conversation between you and your instructor represents a situation vhich you are likely to encounter in the real world. As in any conversation, you are free to ask for a repetition or rephrasing of a sentence, or you may volunteer information on the subject. It is not so much the correctness of your pronunciation and grainmar that Is being tested as it is your ábility to communicate effectively.</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:vertical-ideographic;">
    3925. 

  3925. <p><span class="font12">ORN- ĀPPADdicAn</span></p>
    3926. 

  3926. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 127pt;"><span class="font15" style="font-variant:small-caps;">a-otiezdix h MAF&gt; OF CHINA</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="border:solid;display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;"><img src="0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText_files/0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText-9.png" style="width:534pt;height:420pt;"/></div><br clear="all"/><img src="0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText_files/0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText-10.png" style="width:429pt;height:550pt;"/>
    3927. 

  3927. <table cellpadding="12pt">
    3928. 

  3928. <tr>
    3929. 

  3929. <td valign="top" width="24%">
    3930. 

  3930. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Afghanistan</span></p>
    3931. 

  3931. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Albania</span></p>
    3932. 

  3932. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Algeria</span></p>
    3933. 

  3933. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Andorra</span></p>
    3934. 

  3934. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Angola</span></p>
    3935. 

  3935. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Argentina</span></p>
    3936. 

  3936. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Australia</span></p>
    3937. 

  3937. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Axistrla</span></p>
    3938. 

  3938. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Bahama Is.</span></p>
    3939. 

  3939. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Bahrain</span></p>
    3940. 

  3940. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Bangladesh</span></p>
    3941. 

  3941. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Barbados</span></p>
    3942. 

  3942. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Belgium</span></p>
    3943. 

  3943. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Belize</span></p>
    3944. 

  3944. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Benin</span></p>
    3945. 

  3945. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Bermuda</span></p>
    3946. 

  3946. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Bhutan</span></p>
    3947. 

  3947. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Bolivia</span></p>
    3948. 

  3948. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Botsvana</span></p>
    3949. 

  3949. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Brazil</span></p>
    3950. 

  3950. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Britain</span></p>
    3951. 

  3951. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Bulgaria</span></p>
    3952. 

  3952. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Burma</span></p>
    3953. 

  3953. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Burundi</span></p>
    3954. 

  3954. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Cabinda</span></p>
    3955. 

  3955. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Cameroun</span></p>
    3956. 

  3956. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Canada</span></p>
    3957. 

  3957. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Cape Verde Is.</span></p>
    3958. 

  3958. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Central Africa</span></p>
    3959. 

  3959. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Chad</span></p>
    3960. 

  3960. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Chile</span></p>
    3961. 

  3961. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">China</span></p>
    3962. 

  3962. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Colombia</span></p>
    3963. 

  3963. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Comoro Is.</span></p>
    3964. 

  3964. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Congo</span></p>
    3965. 

  3965. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Costa Rica</span></p>
    3966. 

  3966. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Cuba</span></p>
    3967. 

  3967. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Cyprus</span></p>
    3968. 

  3968. <p style="padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Czechoslovakia Democratic Yemen Denmark Djibouti</span></p>
    3969. 

  3969. <p style="padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador </span><span class="font19">E®rpt</span></p>
    3970. 

  3970. <p style="padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">El Salvador </span><span class="font19">Ragland</span></p>
    3971. 

  3971. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Equatorial Guinea</span></p>
    3972. 

  3972. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Estonia</span></p>
    3973. 

  3973. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Ethiopia</span></p>
    3974. 

  3974. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Fiji</span></p>
    3975. 

  3975. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Finland</span></p>
    3976. 

  3976. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">France</span></p>
    3977. 

  3977. <p style="padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">French Polynesia Gabon</span></p>
    3978. 

  3978. <p style="padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Gambia, The Germany Germany, East</span></p></td>
    3979. 

  3979. <td valign="top" width="30%">
    3980. 

  3980. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Afŭhàn</span></p>
    3981. 

  3981. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Āĕrbāníyà</span></p>
    3982. 

  3982. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Āĕrjílĭyà</span></p>
    3983. 

  3983. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Ándàoer</span></p>
    3984. 

  3984. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Ān'gēlā</span></p>
    3985. 

  3985. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Āgēntíng</span></p>
    3986. 

  3986. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">各</span><span class="font17">odàlìyà</span><span class="font24">、</span></p>
    3987. 

  3987. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Àodĭlì (Àoguo)</span></p>
    3988. 

  3988. <p style="padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">BahāmS Qŭndao Bālín(gu6)</span></p>
    3989. 

  3989. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">MèngJiālă(guo)</span></p>
    3990. 

  3990. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">BabaduosI</span></p>
    3991. 

  3991. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">BSlĭshí</span></p>
    3992. 

  3992. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Bolĭzĭ</span></p>
    3993. 

  3993. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Bèiníng</span></p>
    3994. 

  3994. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Baiznùda</span></p>
    3995. 

  3995. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Bùdăn</span></p>
    3996. 

  3996. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Bolĭweiyà</span></p>
    3997. 

  3997. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">BocívSnà</span></p>
    3998. 

  3998. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Bāxĭ</span></p>
    3999. 

  3999. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Yínggué</span></p>
    4000. 

  4000. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">BSojiălìyà</span></p>
    4001. 

  4001. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Miandiăn</span></p>
    4002. 

  4002. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font18">Bùlongàí</span></p>
    4003. 

  4003. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">炫</span><span class="font17">bēndă</span></p>
    4004. 

  4004. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Kamàìléng</span></p>
    4005. 

  4005. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Jiānādā</span></p>
    4006. 

  4006. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Fodĕ Jiao</span></p>
    4007. 

  4007. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Zhongfĕi</span></p>
    4008. 

  4008. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Zhàdĕ</span></p>
    4009. 

  4009. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Zhìlì</span></p>
    4010. 

  4010. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Zhongguo</span></p>
    4011. 

  4011. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Gĕlunbĭyà</span></p>
    4012. 

  4012. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Kēmoluo Qŭnàac</span></p>
    4013. 

  4013. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">GāngguS</span></p>
    4014. 

  4014. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Gēsĭdálíjiā</span></p>
    4015. 

  4015. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Gŭba</span></p>
    4016. 

  4016. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Săipulŭsí</span></p>
    4017. 

  4017. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Jiĕkè (Jiĕkèsĭlu6f€kè)</span></p>
    4018. 

  4018. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Mínzhu Yĕmĕn</span></p>
    4019. 

  4019. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Dānaài</span></p>
    4020. 

  4020. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Jibuti</span></p>
    4021. 

  4021. <p style="padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Duomĭníjiă (GongheguS) Dong Díwén Eguăduōer </span><span class="font19">ĀiJÍ</span></p>
    4022. 

  4022. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Sà3rvădu5</span></p>
    4023. 

  4023. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Yĭnggxio</span></p>
    4024. 

  4024. <p style="padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Chìdào Jīniiyà Àishāníyà</span></p>
    4025. 

  4025. <p style="padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Āisàiĕbĭyà (Bĕijĭng)<sub>s</sub> Yĭsuo'bĭyà (Taiwan) </span><span class="font19">FĕiJÌ </span><span class="font17">Fēnlăn</span></p>
    4026. 

  4026. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Făguo, Fàguo</span></p>
    4027. 

  4027. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Fashŭ BŌlĭníxĭyè</span></p>
    4028. 

  4028. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Jiăpĕng</span></p>
    4029. 

  4029. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Gāngbĭyà</span></p>
    4030. 

  4030. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Deguo</span></p>
    4031. 

  4031. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Dōngde</span></p></td>
    4032. 

  4032. <td valign="top" width="18%">
    4033. 

  4033. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Germany, West</span></p>
    4034. 

  4034. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Ghana</span></p>
    4035. 

  4035. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Gibraltar</span></p>
    4036. 

  4036. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Great Britain</span></p>
    4037. 

  4037. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Greece</span></p>
    4038. 

  4038. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Greenland</span></p>
    4039. 

  4039. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Grenada</span></p>
    4040. 

  4040. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Guam</span></p>
    4041. 

  4041. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Guatemala</span></p>
    4042. 

  4042. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Guinea</span></p>
    4043. 

  4043. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Guinea-Bissau</span></p>
    4044. 

  4044. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Guyana</span></p>
    4045. 

  4045. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Haiti</span></p>
    4046. 

  4046. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Honduras</span></p>
    4047. 

  4047. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Hungary.</span></p>
    4048. 

  4048. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Iceland</span></p>
    4049. 

  4049. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">India</span></p>
    4050. 

  4050. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Indonesia</span></p>
    4051. 

  4051. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Iran</span></p>
    4052. 

  4052. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Iraq</span></p>
    4053. 

  4053. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Ireland</span></p>
    4054. 

  4054. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Israel</span></p>
    4055. 

  4055. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Italy</span></p>
    4056. 

  4056. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Ivory Coast</span></p>
    4057. 

  4057. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Jamaica</span></p>
    4058. 

  4058. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Japan</span></p>
    4059. 

  4059. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Java</span></p>
    4060. 

  4060. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Jordan</span></p>
    4061. 

  4061. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Kampuchea</span></p>
    4062. 

  4062. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Kenya</span></p>
    4063. 

  4063. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Korea</span></p>
    4064. 

  4064. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Kuvaít</span></p>
    4065. 

  4065. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Laos</span></p>
    4066. 

  4066. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Latvia</span></p>
    4067. 

  4067. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Lebanon</span></p>
    4068. 

  4068. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Lesotho</span></p>
    4069. 

  4069. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Liberia</span></p>
    4070. 

  4070. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Libya</span></p>
    4071. 

  4071. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Liechtenstein</span></p>
    4072. 

  4072. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Lithuania</span></p>
    4073. 

  4073. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Luxemburg</span></p>
    4074. 

  4074. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Madagascar</span></p>
    4075. 

  4075. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Malavi</span></p>
    4076. 

  4076. <p style="padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Maiays3 a Maid I &quot;^e T</span><span class="font24">： </span><span class="font17">Mali Malta</span></p>
    4077. 

  4077. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Mauritanía</span></p>
    4078. 

  4078. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Mauritius</span></p>
    4079. 

  4079. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Mexico</span></p>
    4080. 

  4080. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Monaco</span></p>
    4081. 

  4081. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Mongolia</span></p>
    4082. 

  4082. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Morocco</span></p>
    4083. 

  4083. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Mozambique</span></p>
    4084. 

  4084. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Namibia</span></p>
    4085. 

  4085. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Nauru</span></p>
    4086. 

  4086. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Nepal</span></p></td>
    4087. 

  4087. <td valign="top" width="26%">
    4088. 

  4088. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Xĭdé</span></p>
    4089. 

  4089. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Jiānà</span></p>
    4090. 

  4090. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 38pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Zhíbùluotuo Dà Bŭlièdiān Xĭlà</span></p>
    4091. 

  4091. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Gĕlínglăn</span></p>
    4092. 

  4092. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Gĕlínnàdá</span></p>
    4093. 

  4093. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Guăndăo</span></p>
    4094. 

  4094. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Guādĭmălă</span></p>
    4095. 

  4095. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Jĭnèiyà</span></p>
    4096. 

  4096. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Jĭnèiyà Bĭshào</span></p>
    4097. 

  4097. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Guĭyànà</span></p>
    4098. 

  4098. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Hăidĭ</span></p>
    4099. 

  4099. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Hongdūlasĭ</span></p>
    4100. 

  4100. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Xiōngyalì</span></p>
    4101. 

  4101. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Bíngdăo</span></p>
    4102. 

  4102. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Yĭndù</span></p>
    4103. 

  4103. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Yìnní (Yìndŭníxĭyà)</span></p>
    4104. 

  4104. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Yílang</span></p>
    4105. 

  4105. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Yilăkè</span></p>
    4106. 

  4106. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Àiĕrlăn</span></p>
    4107. 

  4107. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Yĭsèliè</span></p>
    4108. 

  4108. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Yìdàlĭ</span></p>
    4109. 

  4109. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Xiàngyá Haiàn</span></p>
    4110. 

  4110. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Yămăijiā</span></p>
    4111. 

  4111. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font19">Ríbĕn</span></p>
    4112. 

  4112. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Zhaovā</span></p>
    4113. 

  4113. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Yuĕdàn</span></p>
    4114. 

  4114. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Jiănbŭzhài</span></p>
    4115. 

  4115. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">K§nníyà</span></p>
    4116. 

  4116. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 8pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Cháoxiăn (Bĕijĭng), Kanguo (Taiwan) Kēwēitè</span></p>
    4117. 

  4117. <p style="padding:0pt 8pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Laowō (Bĕijĭng), Lìáoguo (Taiwan) Latuōweiyá Líbánèn Láisuotuō Líbĭlĭyà Lìbĭyà</span></p>
    4118. 

  4118. <p style="padding:0pt 8pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Lilzhĭdūnshìdēng Lìtsovăn Lusēnbao Mŭdájiăsfjiā<sub>9</sub> Măerjiāshí Mălāwei Măláixíyá Maĕrdàí-f*ŭ Mali Măertā Máolĭtăníyà Maolĭgiúsĭ Mòxĭge Monàgē Menggu Moluògē Mòsāngbĭkè </span><span class="font19">Nàmrbĭyà </span><span class="font17">Naolu Níboĕr</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
    4119. 

  4119. <table cellpadding="9pt">
    4120. 

  4120. <tr>
    4121. 

  4121. <td valign="top" width="27%">
    4122. 

  4122. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Netherlands</span></p>
    4123. 

  4123. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Netherlands Antilles</span></p>
    4124. 

  4124. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">New Zealand</span></p>
    4125. 

  4125. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Nicaragua</span></p>
    4126. 

  4126. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Niger</span></p>
    4127. 

  4127. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Nigeria</span></p>
    4128. 

  4128. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Norway</span></p>
    4129. 

  4129. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Okinava</span></p>
    4130. 

  4130. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Oman</span></p>
    4131. 

  4131. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Pakistan</span></p>
    4132. 

  4132. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">Palestine</span></p>
    4133. 

  4133. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Panama</span></p>
    4134. 

  4134. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Fapua Nev Guinea</span></p>
    4135. 

  4135. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Paraguay</span></p>
    4136. 

  4136. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Peru</span></p>
    4137. 

  4137. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 46pt 18pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Philippines Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Réunion Rhodesia Romania Russia Rwanda San Marino Sāo Toxné and Príncipe Saudi Arabia</span></p>
    4138. 

  4138. <p style="padding:18pt 2pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Scotland Senegal Seychelles Is. Siberia Sierra Leone Sikkim Singapore Solomon Is.</span></p>
    4139. 

  4139. <p style="padding:0pt 2pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Somalia South Africa Soviet Riussia Soviet Union Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Surinam Swaziland</span></p>
    4140. 

  4140. <p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Sweden</span></p>
    4141. 

  4141. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Switzerland</span></p>
    4142. 

  4142. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Syria</span></p>
    4143. 

  4143. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Tanzania</span></p>
    4144. 

  4144. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Thailand</span></p>
    4145. 

  4145. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Togo</span></p>
    4146. 

  4146. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Tonga</span></p>
    4147. 

  4147. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Trinidad and Tobago</span></p>
    4148. 

  4148. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Tunisia</span></p>
    4149. 

  4149. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Turkey</span></p>
    4150. 

  4150. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Uganda</span></p>
    4151. 

  4151. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Ukraine</span></p>
    4152. 

  4152. <p style="padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">United Arab Qsirates United Kingdom</span></p></td>
    4153. 

  4153. <td valign="top" width="30%">
    4154. 

  4154. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Hélán</span></p>
    4155. 

  4155. <p style="padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Ăndīll^sl Qundăo </span><span class="font17">Xĭn Xllăn Ní jlālāguā NírĭSr Nírtlìyà Nuovĕi Chōngshĕng </span><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">hoàn</span></p>
    4156. 

  4156. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">BāJīsĭtSn</span></p>
    4157. 

  4157. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">BālSsitSn</span></p>
    4158. 

  4158. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Bānămi</span></p>
    4159. 

  4159. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Bābùyà Xĭn Jlnèiyà</span></p>
    4160. 

  4160. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Bal&amp;gul</span></p>
    4161. 

  4161. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">MÌIS</span></p>
    4162. 

  4162. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Fĕilŭbĭn</span></p>
    4163. 

  4163. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Pŭtáoyá</span></p>
    4164. 

  4164. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Bōdúòligè</span></p>
    4165. 

  4165. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">KătăSr</span></p>
    4166. 

  4166. <p style="padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Liŭnlwang(d&amp;o) Luodéxĭyà LuŏmSníyà Égu6, £gu6 Lŏvàngdá Shèng MSlìnud Shèng DuomSl </span><span class="font12" style="font-style:italic;">hi </span><span class="font17">Pŭlínxĭbĭ </span><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Shat^ Ālat&gt;ĕ (Bĕljĭng), Shivūdì Ălab6 </span><span class="font17">(Taiwan)</span></p>
    4167. 

  4167. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Sūgélán</span></p>
    4168. 

  4168. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">SàinèìJiăSr</span></p>
    4169. 

  4169. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18">Sàishĕĕr QŏndSo</span></p>
    4170. 

  4170. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Xltólìyà</span></p>
    4171. 

  4171. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Sàilā Lĭ&amp;ng</span></p>
    4172. 

  4172. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">XĬJĬn</span></p>
    4173. 

  4173. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Xīnjiāpō</span></p>
    4174. 

  4174. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Su5lu6mén QŭndSo</span></p>
    4175. 

  4175. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">SuSmSlĭ</span></p>
    4176. 

  4176. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Nanfeì</span></p>
    4177. 

  4177. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Sŭd (Taivan)</span></p>
    4178. 

  4178. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Sūlián</span></p>
    4179. 

  4179. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">XIbiny&amp;</span></p>
    4180. 

  4180. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">SllXlănkS</span></p>
    4181. 

  4181. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Sūdan</span></p>
    4182. 

  4182. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Sūlĭnăn</span></p>
    4183. 

  4183. <p style="padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Slveishìlăn (Beijing), </span><span class="font17">ShĭvSjtl&amp;n (Taivan) Ruìdlăn Ruĭshì Xùlìyè TSnsangníycL Tàigu6 Duŏgē Tăngjiā</span></p>
    4184. 

  4184. <p style="padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font17">Tèlìnídá he Duobāgē Tŏnísĭ Tŭĕrql Wūgăndá Wukèlăn </span><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Alāl&gt;6 Llănhĕ </span><span class="font17">QluzhSnggué Liănhĕ Wăngguo</span></p></td>
    4185. 

  4185. <td valign="top" width="19%">
    4186. 

  4186. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">United States</span></p>
    4187. 

  4187. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Upper Volta</span></p>
    4188. 

  4188. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Uruguay</span></p>
    4189. 

  4189. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Venezuela</span></p>
    4190. 

  4190. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Vietnam</span></p>
    4191. 

  4191. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Virgin Is.</span></p>
    4192. 

  4192. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Vales</span></p>
    4193. 

  4193. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Western Sahara Western Samoa White Russia Yemen</span></p>
    4194. 

  4194. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Yugoslavia</span></p>
    4195. 

  4195. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Zaire</span></p>
    4196. 

  4196. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Zambia</span></p>
    4197. 

  4197. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Zìmbabve</span></p></td>
    4198. 

  4198. <td valign="top" width="22%">
    4199. 

  4199. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">MSìgud Shing Wòíírta Wūlagul W^lnèìrtiìlā Yuén&amp;n</span></p>
    4200. 

  4200. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">WeiSrJIng QGndlo</span></p>
    4201. 

  4201. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">VĕiSrsI</span></p>
    4202. 

  4202. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">XI Săhālā</span></p>
    4203. 

  4203. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">XI Sím6yà</span></p>
    4204. 

  4204. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Băl Élu6sĭ</span></p>
    4205. 

  4205. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font13" style="font-style:italic;">Yiwèn</span></p>
    4206. 

  4206. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">NánBllafū</span></p>
    4207. 

  4207. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">ZhayīSr</span></p>
    4208. 

  4208. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">Zínbĭyà</span></p>
    4209. 

  4209. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font17">JInbāì&gt;dtf$l</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
    4210. 

  4210. <p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;"><span class="font18">All the names of étates may be followed by the word zhŏu Ălab&amp;aJL zhou<a name="footnote3"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark87">3</a></sup></span></p>
    4211. 

  4211. <table border="1">
    4212. 

  4212. <tr><td>
    4213. 

  4213. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Alabama</span></p></td><td>
    4214. 

  4214. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Alabama</span></p></td></tr>
    4215. 

  4215. <tr><td>
    4216. 

  4216. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Alaska</span></p></td><td>
    4217. 

  4217. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Ālāsījiā</span></p></td></tr>
    4218. 

  4218. <tr><td>
    4219. 

  4219. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Arizona</span></p></td><td>
    4220. 

  4220. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Yàlìsāngnà</span></p></td></tr>
    4221. 

  4221. <tr><td>
    4222. 

  4222. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Arkansas</span></p></td><td>
    4223. 

  4223. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">AkSnsd, Akănsàsí *</span></p></td></tr>
    4224. 

  4224. <tr><td>
    4225. 

  4225. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">California</span></p></td><td>
    4226. 

  4226. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Jiāzh5u, JiălìfSníyà</span></p></td></tr>
    4227. 

  4227. <tr><td>
    4228. 

  4228. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Colorado</span></p></td><td>
    4229. 

  4229. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Kēlu6lādu5</span></p></td></tr>
    4230. 

  4230. <tr><td>
    4231. 

  4231. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Connecticut</span></p></td><td>
    4232. 

  4232. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Kāngnièdígĕ» KangnSìdígĕ</span></p></td></tr>
    4233. 

  4233. <tr><td>
    4234. 

  4234. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Delaware</span></p></td><td>
    4235. 

  4235. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Tĕlāhuă <sub>y</sub> Dĕlāwēi(Sr)</span></p></td></tr>
    4236. 

  4236. <tr><td>
    4237. 

  4237. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Florida</span></p></td><td>
    4238. 

  4238. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Fáluŏlĭdà</span></p></td></tr>
    4239. 

  4239. <tr><td>
    4240. 

  4240. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Georgia</span></p></td><td>
    4241. 

  4241. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Qiáozhĭyà, Zu8zhìyà</span></p></td></tr>
    4242. 

  4242. <tr><td>
    4243. 

  4243. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Hawaii</span></p></td><td>
    4244. 

  4244. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Xiàvĕiyí</span></p></td></tr>
    4245. 

  4245. <tr><td>
    4246. 

  4246. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Idaho</span></p></td><td>
    4247. 

  4247. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Àìdàhé</span></p></td></tr>
    4248. 

  4248. <tr><td>
    4249. 

  4249. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Illinois</span></p></td><td>
    4250. 

  4250. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Yĭlìnuŏ(sĭ)</span></p></td></tr>
    4251. 

  4251. <tr><td>
    4252. 

  4252. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Indiana</span></p></td><td>
    4253. 

  4253. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Yìndìănnà</span></p></td></tr>
    4254. 

  4254. <tr><td>
    4255. 

  4255. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Iova</span></p></td><td>
    4256. 

  4256. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Yĭăhuă, Ììăhuă</span></p></td></tr>
    4257. 

  4257. <tr><td>
    4258. 

  4258. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Kansas</span></p></td><td>
    4259. 

  4259. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Kansàsí</span></p></td></tr>
    4260. 

  4260. <tr><td>
    4261. 

  4261. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Kèntucky</span></p></td><td>
    4262. 

  4262. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">KĕntXjI</span></p></td></tr>
    4263. 

  4263. <tr><td>
    4264. 

  4264. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Louisiana</span></p></td><td>
    4265. 

  4265. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Lŭyìslānnà</span></p></td></tr>
    4266. 

  4266. <tr><td>
    4267. 

  4267. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Maine</span></p></td><td>
    4268. 

  4268. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Miănyĭn</span></p></td></tr>
    4269. 

  4269. <tr><td>
    4270. 

  4270. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Maryland</span></p></td><td>
    4271. 

  4271. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Mălĭlăn </span><span class="font24">、</span></p></td></tr>
    4272. 

  4272. <tr><td>
    4273. 

  4273. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Másaach\isett8</span></p></td><td>
    4274. 

  4274. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">MSsăzhŭsàl<sub>9</sub> MSshSng</span></p></td></tr>
    4275. 

  4275. <tr><td>
    4276. 

  4276. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Michigan</span></p></td><td>
    4277. 

  4277. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Mìxlgen, Mĭxiĕgēn, Mìzhíăn</span></p></td></tr>
    4278. 

  4278. <tr><td>
    4279. 

  4279. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Minnesota</span></p></td><td>
    4280. 

  4280. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Míngnísūdá</span></p></td></tr>
    4281. 

  4281. <tr><td>
    4282. 

  4282. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Mississippi</span></p></td><td>
    4283. 

  4283. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Mìxĭxĭbĭ</span></p></td></tr>
    4284. 

  4284. <tr><td>
    4285. 

  4285. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Missouri</span></p></td><td>
    4286. 

  4286. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Mìsūlĭ</span></p></td></tr>
    4287. 

  4287. <tr><td>
    4288. 

  4288. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Montana</span></p></td><td>
    4289. 

  4289. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Mĕngdănà</span></p></td></tr>
    4290. 

  4290. <tr><td>
    4291. 

  4291. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Nebraska</span></p></td><td>
    4292. 

  4292. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Nèlbŭlāsĭjiā</span></p></td></tr>
    4293. 

  4293. <tr><td>
    4294. 

  4294. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Nevada</span></p></td><td>
    4295. 

  4295. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Nèihuādá</span></p></td></tr>
    4296. 

  4296. <tr><td>
    4297. 

  4297. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Nev Hampshire</span></p></td><td>
    4298. 

  4298. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">XIa Hānbŭshíĕr<sub>s</sub> Xĭn Hănbùxià</span></p></td></tr>
    4299. 

  4299. <tr><td>
    4300. 

  4300. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">New Jersey</span></p></td><td>
    4301. 

  4301. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">X£n </span><span class="font12" style="font-style:italic;">Zéxi</span></p></td></tr>
    4302. 

  4302. <tr><td>
    4303. 

  4303. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">New Mexico</span></p></td><td>
    4304. 

  4304. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Xĭn Mdxĭgē</span></p></td></tr>
    4305. 

  4305. <tr><td>
    4306. 

  4306. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">New York</span></p></td><td>
    4307. 

  4307. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Kiuyuē</span></p></td></tr>
    4308. 

  4308. <tr><td>
    4309. 

  4309. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Hòrth Carolina</span></p></td><td>
    4310. 

  4310. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">BSi K^luéláină, BSi Kăluólínnà</span></p></td></tr>
    4311. 

  4311. <tr><td>
    4312. 

  4312. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">North Dakota</span></p></td><td>
    4313. 

  4313. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Bĕi Dăkētā, B8ì Dăkēdá</span></p></td></tr>
    4314. 

  4314. <tr><td>
    4315. 

  4315. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Ohio</span></p></td><td>
    4316. 

  4316. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Ĕhàiĕ •</span></p></td></tr>
    4317. 

  4317. <tr><td>
    4318. 

  4318. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Oklahoioa</span></p></td><td>
    4319. 

  4319. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">ĕkèlāhémS <sub>t</sub> Àkèlăhĕmă</span></p></td></tr>
    4320. 

  4320. <tr><td>
    4321. 

  4321. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Oregon</span></p></td><td>
    4322. 

  4322. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">tĭègāng</span></p></td></tr>
    4323. 

  4323. <tr><td>
    4324. 

  4324. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Pennsylvania</span></p></td><td>
    4325. 

  4325. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Bĭnzhōu, Bĭnxĭfaníyà, Bĭnxĭfănníyà</span></p></td></tr>
    4326. 

  4326. <tr><td>
    4327. 

  4327. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Rhode Island</span></p></td><td>
    4328. 

  4328. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Luádé DSo, Iiu6déăllăn</span></p></td></tr>
    4329. 

  4329. <tr><td>
    4330. 

  4330. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">South Carolina</span></p></td><td>
    4331. 

  4331. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Han </span><span class="font24">炫</span><span class="font17">luéláinà, Năn Kăluolínnà</span></p></td></tr>
    4332. 

  4332. <tr><td>
    4333. 

  4333. <p style="padding:0pt 46pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">South Dakota Tennessee</span></p></td><td>
    4334. 

  4334. <p style="padding:0pt 66pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Năn Dăkétà Tiánnàxĭ</span></p></td></tr>
    4335. 

  4335. <tr><td>
    4336. 

  4336. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Texas</span></p></td><td>
    4337. 

  4337. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Dĕzhou, Dĕkès&amp;sĭ</span></p></td></tr>
    4338. 

  4338. <tr><td>
    4339. 

  4339. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Utah</span></p></td><td>
    4340. 

  4340. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Y6uti<sub>5</sub> Youta</span></p></td></tr>
    4341. 

  4341. <tr><td>
    4342. 

  4342. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Vermont</span></p></td><td>
    4343. 

  4343. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Vĕiniengtè, Fomĕngtè</span></p></td></tr>
    4344. 

  4344. <tr><td>
    4345. 

  4345. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Virginia</span></p></td><td>
    4346. 

  4346. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Wĕijíníyà, F5j íníyà</span></p></td></tr>
    4347. 

  4347. <tr><td>
    4348. 

  4348. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Washington</span></p></td><td>
    4349. 

  4349. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Huáshèngdùn</span></p></td></tr>
    4350. 

  4350. <tr><td>
    4351. 

  4351. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">West Virginia</span></p></td><td>
    4352. 

  4352. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">XI Fojíníyà</span></p></td></tr>
    4353. 

  4353. <tr><td>
    4354. 

  4354. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">Wisconsin</span></p></td><td>
    4355. 

  4355. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Wēisīkāngxĭa(g)</span></p></td></tr>
    4356. 

  4356. <tr><td>
    4357. 

  4357. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font17">V^oming</span></p></td><td>
    4358. 

  4358. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font17">Kuáiemíng</span></p></td></tr>
    4359. 

  4359. </table><div style="float:right;layout-flow:horizontal;">
    4360. 

  4360. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18"><sup>f</sup>state <sub>9</sub><sup>1</sup> for example，</span></p></div>
    4361. 

  4361. <table border="1">
    4362. 

  4362. <tr><td>
    4363. 

  4363. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">ATberta</span></p></td><td>
    4364. 

  4364. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">YSbŏdā</span></p></td></tr>
    4365. 

  4365. <tr><td>
    4366. 

  4366. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">British Coltoobla</span></p></td><td>
    4367. 

  4367. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Ylngshfi Gèlŏnì&gt;Xyă</span></p></td></tr>
    4368. 

  4368. <tr><td>
    4369. 

  4369. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Manitoba</span></p></td><td>
    4370. 

  4370. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">MSzmítuobā</span></p></td></tr>
    4371. 

  4371. <tr><td>
    4372. 

  4372. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Nev Brunswick</span></p></td><td>
    4373. 

  4373. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">X£n BŭlúnzIvSlké</span></p></td></tr>
    4374. 

  4374. <tr><td>
    4375. 

  4375. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Newfoundland</span></p></td><td>
    4376. 

  4376. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Niŭfēnlándio</span></p></td></tr>
    4377. 

  4377. <tr><td>
    4378. 

  4378. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Northwest Territories</span></p></td><td>
    4379. 

  4379. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">XfbSllÌngdì</span></p></td></tr>
    4380. 

  4380. <tr><td>
    4381. 

  4381. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Nova Scotia</span></p></td><td>
    4382. 

  4382. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Xĭn </span><span class="font18" style="font-style:italic;">SlkÌBìíi</span></p></td></tr>
    4383. 

  4383. <tr><td>
    4384. 

  4384. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Ontario</span></p></td><td>
    4385. 

  4385. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">ÀndflilŭS</span></p></td></tr>
    4386. 

  4386. <tr><td>
    4387. 

  4387. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Prince Edvard Island</span></p></td><td>
    4388. 

  4388. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Àidéhu£dăo</span></p></td></tr>
    4389. 

  4389. <tr><td>
    4390. 

  4390. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Quebec</span></p></td><td>
    4391. 

  4391. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">KuĭbSikd</span></p></td></tr>
    4392. 

  4392. <tr><td>
    4393. 

  4393. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Saskatchevan</span></p></td><td>
    4394. 

  4394. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Sakèqívís</span></p></td></tr>
    4395. 

  4395. <tr><td>
    4396. 

  4396. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Yukon</span></p></td><td>
    4397. 

  4397. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Yŭkong</span></p></td></tr>
    4398. 

  4398. </table>
    4399. 

  4399. <table border="1">
    4400. 

  4400. <tr><td>
    4401. 

  4401. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Surnames</span></p></td><td>
    4402. 

  4402. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 58pt;"></p></td><td>
    4403. 

  4403. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"></p></td></tr>
    4404. 

  4404. <tr><td>
    4405. 

  4405. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Huang</span></p></td><td>
    4406. 

  4406. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 58pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhōu</span></p></td><td>
    4407. 

  4407. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Líu</span></p></td></tr>
    4408. 

  4408. <tr><td>
    4409. 

  4409. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Wăng</span></p></td><td>
    4410. 

  4410. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 58pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Jìăng</span></p></td><td>
    4411. 

  4411. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Chin</span></p></td></tr>
    4412. 

  4412. <tr><td>
    4413. 

  4413. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhang</span></p></td><td>
    4414. 

  4414. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 58pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiăng</span></p></td><td>
    4415. 

  4415. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Yăng</span></p></td></tr>
    4416. 

  4416. <tr><td>
    4417. 

  4417. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">11</span></p></td><td>
    4418. 

  4418. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 58pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Gāo</span></p></td><td>
    4419. 

  4419. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">SìmS</span></p></td></tr>
    4420. 

  4420. <tr><td>
    4421. 

  4421. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhăo</span></p></td><td>
    4422. 

  4422. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 58pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Lin</span></p></td><td>
    4423. 

  4423. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Ouyáng</span></p></td></tr>
    4424. 

  4424. <tr><td>
    4425. 

  4425. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Máo</span></p></td><td>
    4426. 

  4426. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 58pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Sun</span></p></td><td>
    4427. 

  4427. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">fíú</span></p></td></tr>
    4428. 

  4428. <tr><td>
    4429. 

  4429. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Tăng</span></p></td><td>
    4430. 

  4430. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 58pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Sòng</span></p></td><td>
    4431. 

  4431. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Wŭ</span></p></td></tr>
    4432. 

  4432. <tr><td>
    4433. 

  4433. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">MS</span></p></td><td>
    4434. 

  4434. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 58pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Fāng</span></p></td><td>
    4435. 

  4435. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Lláng</span></p></td></tr>
    4436. 

  4436. <tr><td>
    4437. 

  4437. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Given Names (male)</span></p></td><td>
    4438. 

  4438. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 58pt;"></p></td><td>
    4439. 

  4439. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"></p></td></tr>
    4440. 

  4440. <tr><td>
    4441. 

  4441. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Dili</span></p></td><td>
    4442. 

  4442. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 58pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Y5ngplng</span></p></td><td>
    4443. 

  4443. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Shàovén</span></p></td></tr>
    4444. 

  4444. <tr><td>
    4445. 

  4445. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Mlnglĭ</span></p></td><td>
    4446. 

  4446. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 58pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Zìqilng</span></p></td><td>
    4447. 

  4447. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Shìyĭng</span></p></td></tr>
    4448. 

  4448. <tr><td>
    4449. 

  4449. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Dănlăn</span></p></td><td>
    4450. 

  4450. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 58pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiĕ</span></p></td><td>
    4451. 

  4451. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Tlngfĕng</span></p></td></tr>
    4452. 

  4452. <tr><td>
    4453. 

  4453. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Shĭmín</span></p></td><td>
    4454. 

  4454. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 58pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhĭyuăn</span></p></td><td>
    4455. 

  4455. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Chĕng</span></p></td></tr>
    4456. 

  4456. <tr><td>
    4457. 

  4457. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Hu&amp;</span></p></td><td>
    4458. 

  4458. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 58pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Gu6q\iăn</span></p></td><td>
    4459. 

  4459. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhènhăn</span></p></td></tr>
    4460. 

  4460. <tr><td>
    4461. 

  4461. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Déxlăn</span></p></td><td>
    4462. 

  4462. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 58pt;"></p></td><td>
    4463. 

  4463. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"></p></td></tr>
    4464. 

  4464. </table>
    4465. 

  4465. <table border="1">
    4466. 

  4466. <tr><td>
    4467. 

  4467. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Juan</span></p></td><td>
    4468. 

  4468. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Hutvĕn</span></p></td><td>
    4469. 

  4469. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Mĭnzhĕn</span></p></td></tr>
    4470. 

  4470. <tr><td>
    4471. 

  4471. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">LĭrSng</span></p></td><td>
    4472. 

  4472. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Dĕfĕn</span></p></td><td>
    4473. 

  4473. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Huírán</span></p></td></tr>
    4474. 

  4474. <tr><td>
    4475. 

  4475. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">WSnrŏ</span></p></td><td>
    4476. 

  4476. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Lŭ</span></p></td><td>
    4477. 

  4477. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Bĭngyíng</span></p></td></tr>
    4478. 

  4478. <tr><td>
    4479. 

  4479. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Mailing</span></p></td><td>
    4480. 

  4480. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">BSolán</span></p></td><td>
    4481. 

  4481. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Qīng</span></p></td></tr>
    4482. 

  4482. <tr><td>
    4483. 

  4483. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Xiŭfèng</span></p></td><td>
    4484. 

  4484. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Yùzhēn</span></p></td><td>
    4485. 

  4485. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Zĭyàn</span></p></td></tr>
    4486. 

  4486. <tr><td>
    4487. 

  4487. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">QiSoyfin</span></p></td><td>
    4488. 

  4488. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">MSilì</span></p></td><td>
    4489. 

  4489. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 85pt;"></p></td></tr>
    4490. 

  4490. </table>
    4491. 

  4491. <table border="1">
    4492. 

  4492. <tr><td>
    4493. 

  4493. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Pinyin ST&gt;ellin«</span></p></td><td>
    4494. 

  4494. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Map SDelllnK</span></p></td></tr>
    4495. 

  4495. <tr><td>
    4496. 

  4496. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Ănbuī</span></p></td><td>
    4497. 

  4497. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Anhwei</span></p></td></tr>
    4498. 

  4498. <tr><td>
    4499. 

  4499. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Fŭjiàn</span></p></td><td>
    4500. 

  4500. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Fukien</span></p></td></tr>
    4501. 

  4501. <tr><td>
    4502. 

  4502. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Gānsù</span></p></td><td>
    4503. 

  4503. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Kansu</span></p></td></tr>
    4504. 

  4504. <tr><td>
    4505. 

  4505. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">GuSngdōng</span></p></td><td>
    4506. 

  4506. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Kvangtung</span></p></td></tr>
    4507. 

  4507. <tr><td>
    4508. 

  4508. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">GuSngxi</span></p></td><td>
    4509. 

  4509. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Kvangsi</span></p></td></tr>
    4510. 

  4510. <tr><td>
    4511. 

  4511. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Guĭzhòu</span></p></td><td>
    4512. 

  4512. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Kveìchou</span></p></td></tr>
    4513. 

  4513. <tr><td>
    4514. 

  4514. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Hĕbĕì</span></p></td><td>
    4515. 

  4515. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Hopeh</span></p></td></tr>
    4516. 

  4516. <tr><td>
    4517. 

  4517. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">HēilSngJiāng</span></p></td><td>
    4518. 

  4518. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Heilungkiang</span></p></td></tr>
    4519. 

  4519. <tr><td>
    4520. 

  4520. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Hĕnăn</span></p></td><td>
    4521. 

  4521. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Honan</span></p></td></tr>
    4522. 

  4522. <tr><td>
    4523. 

  4523. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Hŏ1&gt;ĕi</span></p></td><td>
    4524. 

  4524. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Hupeh</span></p></td></tr>
    4525. 

  4525. <tr><td>
    4526. 

  4526. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Hŭnăn</span></p></td><td>
    4527. 

  4527. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Hunan</span></p></td></tr>
    4528. 

  4528. <tr><td>
    4529. 

  4529. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Jlăngsū</span></p></td><td>
    4530. 

  4530. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Kiangsu</span></p></td></tr>
    4531. 

  4531. <tr><td>
    4532. 

  4532. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiangxĭ</span></p></td><td>
    4533. 

  4533. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Kiangsi</span></p></td></tr>
    4534. 

  4534. <tr><td>
    4535. 

  4535. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Jílín</span></p></td><td>
    4536. 

  4536. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Kirin</span></p></td></tr>
    4537. 

  4537. <tr><td>
    4538. 

  4538. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Liàoníng</span></p></td><td>
    4539. 

  4539. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Liaoning</span></p></td></tr>
    4540. 

  4540. <tr><td>
    4541. 

  4541. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">N^imSnggS</span></p></td><td>
    4542. 

  4542. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Inner Mongolia</span></p></td></tr>
    4543. 

  4543. <tr><td>
    4544. 

  4544. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Nlngxià</span></p></td><td>
    4545. 

  4545. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Nlng8ia</span></p></td></tr>
    4546. 

  4546. <tr><td>
    4547. 

  4547. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">(^n^h&amp;ì</span></p></td><td>
    4548. 

  4548. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Tsinghaì</span></p></td></tr>
    4549. 

  4549. <tr><td>
    4550. 

  4550. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Shănd5ng</span></p></td><td>
    4551. 

  4551. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Shantung</span></p></td></tr>
    4552. 

  4552. <tr><td>
    4553. 

  4553. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Shanxi</span></p></td><td>
    4554. 

  4554. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Shansi</span></p></td></tr>
    4555. 

  4555. <tr><td>
    4556. 

  4556. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">ShSnxi</span></p></td><td>
    4557. 

  4557. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Shensi</span></p></td></tr>
    4558. 

  4558. <tr><td>
    4559. 

  4559. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Sìchuān</span></p></td><td>
    4560. 

  4560. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Szechuan</span></p></td></tr>
    4561. 

  4561. <tr><td>
    4562. 

  4562. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">T&amp;ivin</span></p></td><td>
    4563. 

  4563. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Taivan</span></p></td></tr>
    4564. 

  4564. <tr><td>
    4565. 

  4565. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Xĭnjiang</span></p></td><td>
    4566. 

  4566. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Sinkiang</span></p></td></tr>
    4567. 

  4567. <tr><td>
    4568. 

  4568. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Xlzăng</span></p></td><td>
    4569. 

  4569. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Tiltet</span></p></td></tr>
    4570. 

  4570. <tr><td>
    4571. 

  4571. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Yŭnnăn</span></p></td><td>
    4572. 

  4572. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Yunnan</span></p></td></tr>
    4573. 

  4573. <tr><td>
    4574. 

  4574. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Zhejiang</span></p></td><td>
    4575. 

  4575. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Chekiang</span></p></td></tr>
    4576. 

  4576. </table>
    4577. 

  4577. <table border="1">
    4578. 

  4578. <tr><td>
    4579. 

  4579. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Pinyin Spelling</span></p></td><td>
    4580. 

  4580. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Map Spelling</span></p></td></tr>
    4581. 

  4581. <tr><td>
    4582. 

  4582. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">BSiJĭng</span></p></td><td>
    4583. 

  4583. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Peking</span></p></td></tr>
    4584. 

  4584. <tr><td>
    4585. 

  4585. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Chăngshā</span></p></td><td>
    4586. 

  4586. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Ch'ang-sha</span></p></td></tr>
    4587. 

  4587. <tr><td>
    4588. 

  4588. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Chéngdú</span></p></td><td>
    4589. 

  4589. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Ch<sup>f</sup>eng-tu</span></p></td></tr>
    4590. 

  4590. <tr><td>
    4591. 

  4591. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Dăt6ng</span></p></td><td>
    4592. 

  4592. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Ta-t，ung</span></p></td></tr>
    4593. 

  4593. <tr><td>
    4594. 

  4594. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">GăozlSng</span></p></td><td>
    4595. 

  4595. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Kao-h8iung</span></p></td></tr>
    4596. 

  4596. <tr><td>
    4597. 

  4597. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">GuSngzhōu</span></p></td><td>
    4598. 

  4598. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Canton</span></p></td></tr>
    4599. 

  4599. <tr><td>
    4600. 

  4600. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Hángzhōu</span></p></td><td>
    4601. 

  4601. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Hang-chou</span></p></td></tr>
    4602. 

  4602. <tr><td>
    4603. 

  4603. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">HănkSu</span></p></td><td>
    4604. 

  4604. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">.Han-k'ou</span></p></td></tr>
    4605. 

  4605. <tr><td>
    4606. 

  4606. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Hu&amp;inăn</span></p></td><td>
    4607. 

  4607. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Huai-nan</span></p></td></tr>
    4608. 

  4608. <tr><td>
    4609. 

  4609. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">JĭlSng</span></p></td><td>
    4610. 

  4610. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Chi-lung</span></p></td></tr>
    4611. 

  4611. <tr><td>
    4612. 

  4612. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Kálfēng</span></p></td><td>
    4613. 

  4613. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">K'ai-feng</span></p></td></tr>
    4614. 

  4614. <tr><td>
    4615. 

  4615. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Nănching</span></p></td><td>
    4616. 

  4616. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Han-cb'eing</span></p></td></tr>
    4617. 

  4617. <tr><td>
    4618. 

  4618. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Nănjĭng</span></p></td><td>
    4619. 

  4619. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Nanking</span></p></td></tr>
    4620. 

  4620. <tr><td>
    4621. 

  4621. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">QIngdSo</span></p></td><td>
    4622. 

  4622. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Tsingtao</span></p></td></tr>
    4623. 

  4623. <tr><td>
    4624. 

  4624. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">ShănghSl</span></p></td><td>
    4625. 

  4625. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Shanghai</span></p></td></tr>
    4626. 

  4626. <tr><td>
    4627. 

  4627. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Táiì&gt;Si</span></p></td><td>
    4628. 

  4628. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Taipei</span></p></td></tr>
    4629. 

  4629. <tr><td>
    4630. 

  4630. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Táidōng</span></p></td><td>
    4631. 

  4631. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">T*ai-tung</span></p></td></tr>
    4632. 

  4632. <tr><td>
    4633. 

  4633. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Táinán</span></p></td><td>
    4634. 

  4634. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">T•ai-nan</span></p></td></tr>
    4635. 

  4635. <tr><td>
    4636. 

  4636. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Tăizhōng</span></p></td><td>
    4637. 

  4637. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">T*ai-chung</span></p></td></tr>
    4638. 

  4638. <tr><td>
    4639. 

  4639. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Tlānjĭn</span></p></td><td>
    4640. 

  4640. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Tientsin</span></p></td></tr>
    4641. 

  4641. <tr><td>
    4642. 

  4642. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Wŭchāng</span></p></td><td>
    4643. 

  4643. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Wu-ch'ang</span></p></td></tr>
    4644. 

  4644. <tr><td>
    4645. 

  4645. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Vuhàn</span></p></td><td>
    4646. 

  4646. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Wu-han</span></p></td></tr>
    4647. 

  4647. <tr><td>
    4648. 

  4648. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">XlSn</span></p></td><td>
    4649. 

  4649. <p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 49pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-weight:bold;">Sian</span></p></td></tr>
    4650. 

  4650. </table>
    4651. 

  4651. <p><span class="font19">88</span></p>
    4652. 

  4652. <p><a name="bookmark75"><sup><a href="#footnote1">1</a></sup></a></p>
    4653. 

  4653. <p style="padding:0pt 10pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font19">The first version of each example is in the Pinyin system of romanization. The second</span><span class="font26">，</span><span class="font19"> parenthesized version is the conventional, or anglicized, spelling,</span></p>
    4654. 

  4654. <p><a name="bookmark85"><sup><a href="#footnote2">2</a></sup></a></p>
    4655. 

  4655. <p style="padding:0pt 13pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font19"></span><span class="font26" style="text-decoration:underline;">边</span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">ngvèn</span><span class="font19"> is NOT the word used for saying &quot;excuse me” when you step on someone's foot. For that, you say </span><span class="font19" style="text-decoration:underline;">duììmqĭ</span><span class="font19">•</span></p>
    4656. 

  4656. <p><a name="bookmark87"><sup><a href="#footnote3">3</a></sup></a></p>
    4657. 

  4657. <p style="padding:0pt 26pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font17">The alternative forms given in this list are not exhaustive» &quot;but are meant to give an idea of the range of transliterations,</span></p>
    4658. 

  4658. </body>
    4659. 

  4659. </html>
    4660.