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  <title>Être capable de / pouvoir faire quelque chose (Leçon 19) : Méthode de chinois — Chine Informations</title>
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<body>
  <h1>Être capable de / pouvoir faire quelque chose - Leçon 19</h1>

  <h3>Sommaire de cette leçon</h3>

  <ul>
    <li><a href="#1.+vocabulaire">1. Vocabulaire</a></li>

    <li><a href="#2.+grammaire">2. Grammaire</a></li>

    <li><a href="#3.+dialogues">3. Dialogues</a></li>

    <li><a href="#4.+exercices">4. Exercices</a></li>
  </ul>

  <h2>1. Vocabulaire</h2>

  <table class="table1">
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th></th>

        <th>
          Hanzi
        </th>

        <th>
          Pinyin
        </th>

        <th>
          Traduction
        </th>

        <th>
          Audio
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          1
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">会</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">huì</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          savoir (faire qch)
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/hui4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          2
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">能</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">néng</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          pouvoir (faire qch) / être capable de
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/neng2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          3
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">教</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">jiāo</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          enseigner
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/jiao1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          4
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">介绍</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">jièshào</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          présenter
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/jie4shao4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          5
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">说</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">shuō</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          parler / dire
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/shuo1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          6
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">等</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">děng</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          attendre
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/deng3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          7
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">用</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">yòng</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          utiliser
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/yong4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          8
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">筷子</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">kuàizi</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          baguettes chinoises
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/kuai4zi.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          9
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">客人</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">kèrén</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          invité
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/ke4ren2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          10
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">没关系</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">méiguānxi</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          ce n'est pas grave / Il n'y a pas de quoi
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/mei2%2520guan1%2520xi.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          11
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">一下(儿)</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">yīxià(r)</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          équivalent à "un peu" ou "vite fait" à l'oral en français
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/yi1xia4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          12
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">同事</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">tóngshì</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          collègue
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/tong2%2520shi4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          13
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">还</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">hái</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          de plus / également; encore (plus)
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/hai2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          14
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">但是</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">dànshì</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          mais / cependant
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/dan4shi4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          15
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">中文</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">zhōngwén</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          le chinois / langue chinoise
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/zhong1%2520wen2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          16
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">杯</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">bēi</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          verre
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/bei1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          17
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">辣</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">là</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          pimenté
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/la4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          18
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">打扰了</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">dǎrǎole</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          désolé de déranger
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/da3rao3le.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          19
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">啊</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">a</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          particule modale placée parfois en fin de phrase à l'oral / ah !
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/a.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>


  <img src="../Images/ligne2.png"/>

  <h2>2. Grammaire</h2>

  <h3>A. "Savoir faire (quelque chose)" avec <span class="hanzist">会</span> <span class="pinyinst"> huì </span></h3>

  <p>Le mot <span class="hanzi">会</span> <span class="pinyin"> huì </span> peut être utilisé pour signifier "savoir faire quelque chose" en chinois, dans le cadre d'une compétence apprise / acquise. Celui-ci peut être utilisé comme verbe auxiliaire :</p>

  <div class="deux">
    S + <span class="hanzist">会</span> + V + O
  </div>

  <ul>
    <li><span class="hanzi">我 <span class="encadrerouge">会</span> 说 汉语。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Wǒ huì shuō hànyǔ. </span><br/> Je sais parler chinois.</li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">我 <span class="encadrerouge">不会</span> 用 筷子。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Wǒ bù huì yòng kuàizi. </span> <br/>Je ne sais pas utiliser les baguettes chinoises.</li>
  </ul>

  <p><span class="hanzi">会</span> <span class="pinyin">huì </span> peut également, dans certains cas, être utilisé directement comme verbe :</p>

  <div class="deux">
    S + <span class="hanzist">会</span> + O
  </div>

  <ul>
    <li><span class="hanzi">你 <span class="encadrerouge">会不会</span> 汉语 ？</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Nǐ huì bù huì hànyǔ? </span> <br/>Sais-tu parler chinois ?</li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">我 <span class="encadrerouge">会</span> 汉语。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Wǒ huì hànyǔ. </span> <br/>Je sais parler le chinois.</li>
  </ul>

  <h3>B. "Pouvoir faire (qch)" et "avoir la possibilité de (faire qch)" avec <span class="hanzist">能</span> <span class="pinyin"> néng </span></h3>

  <p>Le mot chinois <span class="hanzi">能</span> <span class="pinyin"> néng </span>est souvent traduit en français par "pouvoir". Plus précisément, il est utilisé pour exprimer l'<span id="result_box" xml:lang="fr" lang="fr">aptitude</span> ou la possibilité de faire quelque chose.</p>

  <div class="deux">
    S + <span class="hanzist">能</span> + V + O
  </div>

  <p>Exemples de phrases exprimant l'aptitude ou l'inaptitude</p>

  <ul>
    <li><span class="hanzi">我 <span class="encadrerouge">能</span> 吃 二十个饺子。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> Wǒ néng chī èrshí gè jiǎozi. </span><br/> Je suis capable de manger vingt raviolis.</li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">我 <span class="encadrerouge">不能</span> 喝 十杯啤酒。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> Wǒ bù néng hè shí bēi píjiǔ. </span> <br/>Je ne suis pas capable de boire dix verres de bière.</li>
  </ul>

  <p>Exemples de phrases exprimant la possibilité ou l'impossibilité :</p>

  <ul>
    <li><span class="hanzi">他 <span class="encadrerouge">能</span> 教 我 用筷子。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Tā néng jiào wǒ yòng kuàizi. </span><br/> Il peut m'apprendre à utiliser les baguettes.</li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">我 <span class="encadrerouge">能</span> 买 这个 吗 ？</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Wǒ néng mǎi zhège ma? </span> <br/>Puis-je acheter ceci ?</li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">我 <span class="encadrerouge">不能</span> 给 你 钱。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Wǒ bù néng gěi nǐ qián. </span><br/> Je ne peux pas te donner d'argent.</li>
  </ul>

  <h3>C. Exprimer une action brève avec <span class="hanzist">一下(儿)</span> <span class="pinyinst"> yīxià(r) </span></h3>

  <p>Le mot chinois <span class="hanzi">一下(儿)</span> <span class="pinyin"> yīxià(r) </span>, placé derrière un verbe, permet d'exprimer une action brève ou encore la manière détendue et décontractée d'une action.</p>

  <div class="deux">
    S + V + <span class="hanzist">一下(儿)</span>
  </div>

  <ul>
    <li><span class="hanzi">请 你 等 <span class="encadrerouge">一下</span>。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Qǐng nǐ děng yīxiàr. </span><br/> Attends un peu s'il te plaît.</li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">我 介绍 <span class="encadrerouge">一下儿</span>。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> Wǒ jièshào yīxiàr. </span><br/> Laisse-moi te présenter.</li>
  </ul>

  <h3>D. "Presque comme" avec <span class="hanzist">差不多</span> <span class="pinyinst"> chàbuduō </span></h3>

  <p><span class="hanzi">差不多</span> <span class="pinyin"> chàbuduō </span>, situé après un objet en chinois, peut être traduit par "plus ou moins pareil" ou encore "presque identique à". Comme il s'agit d'une comparaison, la structure de la phrase implique généralement deux entités / objets.</p>

  <div class="deux">
    N1 <span class="hanzist">跟/和</span> N2 + <span class="hanzist">差不多</span>
  </div>

  <ul>
    <li><span class="hanzi">他 跟 中国人 <span class="encadrerouge">差不多</span>。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> Tā gēn zhōngguórén chàbùduō. </span><br/> Il est presque (comme un) Chinois.</li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">我的 电脑 和 他的 <span class="encadrerouge">差不多</span>。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Wǒde diànnǎo hé tāde chàbùduō. </span><br/> Mon ordinateur et le sien sont quasi identiques.</li>
  </ul>

  <img src="../Images/ligne2.png"/>

  <h2>3. Dialogues</h2>

  <h3>Dialogue N° 1</h3>

  <p>Nous ne proposerons volontairement pas de traduction pour ce dialogue. </p>

  <audio src="../Audio/19_1.mp3" controls="controls" id="19_1"></audio>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">你能吃多少饺子？</span><br/> <span class="pinyin">- Nǐ néng chī duōshǎo jiǎozi?</span></p>

  <p>-<span class="hanzi"> 能吃二十个饺子。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin">- Néng chī èrshí gè jiǎozi.</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">你能不能喝十杯啤酒？</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">- Nǐ néng bù néng hē shí bēi píjiǔ?</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">不能。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">- Bù néng. </span></p>

  <h3>Dialogue N° 2</h3>

  <audio src="../Audio/19_2.mp3" controls="controls" id="19_2"></audio>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi"><span class="grey">王丽： </span> 请你等一下儿······大卫， 请进！</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">- Qǐng nǐ děng yīxiàr... Qǐng jìn!</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi"><span class="grey">大卫：</span> 王丽！ 你有客人啊。打扰了！</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">- Wáng Lì! Nǐ yǒu kèrén a. Dǎrǎole!</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi"><span class="grey">王丽：</span> 没关系。 我介绍一下儿， 这是我的同事马克。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin">- Méiguānxì. Wǒ jièshào yīxiàr, zhè shì wǒ de tóngshì Mǎkè.</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi"><span class="grey">王丽：</span> 马克， 这是我的朋友大卫。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">- Mǎkè, zhè shì wǒ de péngyǒu Dàwèi.</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi"><span class="grey">大卫：</span> 很高兴认识你。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin">- Hěn gāoxìng rènshí nǐ.</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi"><span class="grey">马克：</span> 我也很高兴认识你。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin">- Wǒ yě hěn gāoxìng rènshí nǐ.</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi"><span class="grey">大卫：</span> 你也会说中文！</span><br/> <span class="pinyin">- Nǐ yě huì shuō zhōngwén!</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi"><span class="grey">王丽：</span> 马克跟中国人差不多。他会汉语，会用筷子，还能吃辣！</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">- Mǎkè gēn zhōngguórén chàbùduō. Tā huì hànyǔ, huì yòng kuàizi, hái néng chī là!</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi"><span class="grey">大卫：</span> 真的吗？我也能吃辣但是不会用筷子。你们能不能教我？</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">- Zhēnde ma? Wǒ yě néng chī là dànshì bù huì yòng kuàizi. Nǐmen néng bù néng jiào wǒ?</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi"><span class="grey">马克：</span> 没问题。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">- Méi wèntí.</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi"><span class="grey">大卫：</span> 太好了！</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">- Tài hǎo le! </span></p>

  <h3>Traduction</h3>

  <p>- <span class="grey">Wang Li : </span>Attends un peu s'il te plaît... David, je t'en prie, entre !</p>

  <p>-<span class="grey"> David : </span>Wang Li ! Tu as un invité. Désolé du dérangement.</p>

  <p>- <span class="grey">Wang Li : </span>Ce n'est rien. Laisse-moi te présenter ; voici mon collègue Mark. Mark, voici mon ami David.</p>

  <p>- <span class="grey">David : </span>Ravi de te connaître.</p>

  <p>- <span class="grey">Mark :</span> Je suis également ravi de te connaître.</p>

  <p>-<span class="grey"> David :</span> Tu sais aussi parler chinois !</p>

  <p>- <span class="grey">Wang Li :</span> Mark est presque Chinois. Il sait parler le chinois, sait utiliser les baguettes et peut en plus manger pimenté !</p>

  <p>- <span class="grey">David : </span> Vraiment ? Je peux aussi manger pimenté mais je ne sais pas utiliser les baguettes chinoises. Pouvez-vous m'apprendre ?</p>

  <p>- <span class="grey">Mark : </span>Pas de souci.</p>

  <p>- <span class="grey">David : </span>Génial !</p>

  <img src="../Images/ligne2.png"/>

  <h2>4. Exercices</h2>

  <p>A partir de cette leçon, le pinyin ne sera plus indiqué dans les exercices. </p>

  <h3>A. Répondez aux questions</h3>

 
  <ol>
    <li><span class="hanzi">马克是谁？</span></li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">大卫会不会用筷子？</span></li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">谁能教大卫用筷子？</span></li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">马克会做什么？他能做什么？</span></li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">你呢？会做什么？能做什么？</span></li>
  </ol>


  <h3>B. Lisez, prononcez, puis traduisez le texte suivant :</h3>

  <p class="hanzi">我是法国人， 在北京学习汉语。我会开车；常常开车去学校。我不会用筷子，但是王丽的同事马克能教我；王丽今天给我介绍他。他会说法语，汉语，还会一点儿英语。</p>

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