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<head>
  <title>Les dates et anniversaires (Leçon 9) : Méthode de chinois — Chine Informations</title>
  <link type="text/css" href="../Styles/main.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
</head>

<body>
  <h1>Les dates et anniversaires - Leçon 9 -</h1>

  <h2>Sommaire de cette leçon</h2>

  <ul>
    <li><a href="#1.+vocabulaire">1. Vocabulaire</a></li>

    <li><a href="#2.+grammaire">2. Grammaire</a></li>

    <li><a href="#3.+dialogue">3. Dialogue</a></li>

    <li><a href="#4.+texte">4. Texte</a></li>

    <li><a href="#5.+exercices">5. Exercices</a></li>
  </ul>

  <h2>1. Vocabulaire</h2>

  <p>Veuillez apprendre premièrement le vocabulaire suivant avant de continuer plus loin dans l'apprentissage.</p>

  <table class="table1">
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th></th>

        <th>
          Hanzi
        </th>

        <th>
          Pinyin
        </th>

        <th>
          Traduction
        </th>

        <th>
          Audio
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          1
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">天</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">tiān</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          jour / journée
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/tian1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          2
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">号</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">hào</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          numéro (ici : jour du mois)
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/hao4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          3
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">星期</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">xīngqī</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          semaine
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/xing1%2520qi1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          4
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">月</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">yuè</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          mois
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/yue4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          5
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">今天</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">jīntiān</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          aujourd'hui
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/jin1%2520tian1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          6
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">昨天</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">zuótiān</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          hier
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/zuo2%2520tian1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          7
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">明天</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">míngtiān</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          demain
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/ming2%2520tian1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          8
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">祝</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">zhù</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          souhaiter
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/zhu4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          9
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">生日</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">shēngrì</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          anniversaire
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/sheng1ri4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          10
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">快乐</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">kuàilè</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          joyeux
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/kuai4le4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          11
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">谢谢</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">xièxie</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          merci
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/xie4%2520xie.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          12
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">不用谢</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">bùyòngxiè</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          il n'y a pas de quoi
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/bu4yong4xie4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          13
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">很</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">hěn</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          (Adv. utilisé dans les phrases Sujet + Adj.) ; très
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/hen3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          14
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">高兴</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">gāoxìng</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          content
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/gao1%2520xing4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          15
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">送</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">sòng</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          offrir
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/song4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          16
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">礼物</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">lǐwù</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          cadeau
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/li3%2520wu4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          17
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">汉法</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">hànfǎ</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          chinois-français / sino-français
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/han4fa3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

  <h3>Jours de la semaine</h3>

  <p>Les jours de la semaine sont très faciles à retenir en chinois. Entre lundi et samedi, ils sont composés du mot "semaine" <span class="hanzi">星期</span> <span class="pinyin"> xīngqī </span> + le chiffre correspondant au jour. Il y a deux façons de dire "dimanche".</p>

  <table class="table1">
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th></th>

        <th>
          Hanzi
        </th>

        <th>
          Pinyin
        </th>

        <th>
          Traduction
        </th>

        <th>
          Audio
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          1
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">星期一</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">xīngqīyī</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          lundi
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/xing1qi1yi1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          2
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">星期二</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">xīngqīèr</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          mardi
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/xing1qi1er4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          3
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">星期三</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">xīngqīsān</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          mercredi
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/xing1qi1san1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          4
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">星期四</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">xīngqīsì</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          jeudi
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/xing1qi1si4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          5
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">星期五</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">xīngqīwǔ</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          vendredi
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/xing1qi1wu3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td lang="zh">
          6
        </td>

        <td class="ln1 big"><span class="hanzi">星期六</span><br/></td>

        <td lang="zh"><span class="pinyin">xīngqīliù</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          samedi
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/xing1qi1liu4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          7
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">星期日</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">xīngqīrì</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          dimanche
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/xing1%2520qi1%2520ri4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          8
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">星期天</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">xīngqītiān</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          dimanche
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/xing1qi1tian1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

  <h3>Mois</h3>

  <p>Les jours du mois sont encore plus faciles à apprendre puisqu'ils sont composés du chiffre correspondant au numéro du mois + le mot "mois" <span class="hanzi">月</span> <span class="pinyin"> yuè </span>.</p>

  <table class="table1">
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th></th>

        <th>
          Hanzi
        </th>

        <th>
          Pinyin
        </th>

        <th>
          Traduction
        </th>

        <th>
          Audio
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          1
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">一月</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">yīyuè</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          janvier
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/yi1yue4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          2
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">二月</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">èryuè</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          février
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/er4yue4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          3
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">三月</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">sānyuè</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          mars
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/san1yue4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          4
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">四月</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">sìyuè</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          avril
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/si4yue4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          5
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">五月</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">wǔyuè</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          mai
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/wu3yue4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          6
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">六月</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">liùyuè</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          juin
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/liu4yue4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          7
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">七月</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">qīyuè</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          juillet
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/qi1yue4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          8
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">八月</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">bāyuè</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          août
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/ba1yue4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          9
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">九月</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">jiǔyuè</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          septembre
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/jiu3yue4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          10
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">十月</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">shíyuè</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          octobre
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/shi2yue4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          11
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">十一月</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">shíyīyuè</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          novembre
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/shi2yi1yue4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          12
        </td>

        <td><span class="hanzi">十二月</span><br/></td>

        <td><span class="pinyin">shí'èryuè</span><br/></td>

        <td>
          décembre
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/shi2er4yue4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

  <p>Apprendre / réviser le vocabulaire de cette leçon grâce à des cartes mémoire (FLASHCARDS)</p>

  <h2>2. Grammaire</h2>

  <a name="gA" id="gA"></a>

  <h3>A. Composition d'une date</h3>

  <p>En chinois, la date complète est constituée de l'année, suivie du mois du numéro du jour (<span class="hanzi">号</span> <span class="pinyin"> hào </span>) et éventuellement du nom du jour de la semaine.</p>

  <div class="deux">
    __<span class="hanzist">月</span> + __<span class="hanzist">号</span> + <span class="hanzist">星期</span>__
  </div>

  <ul>
    <li><span class="hanzi">一月 七号</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> yīyuè qī hào </span> 7 janvier</li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">十月 二十三号 星期五</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> shíyuè èrshísān hào xīngqíwǔ </span> vendredi 23 octobre</li>
  </ul>

  <p>Dans une phrase à la forme affirmative (et uniquement sous cette forme), pour donner la date, le verbe "être" <span class="hanzi">是</span> <span class="pinyin"> shì </span> est omis. Il est cependant présent à la forme négative.</p>

  <ul>
    <li>Q: <span class="hanzi">今天 几月 几号 ？</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Jīntiān jǐ yuè jǐ hào? </span> <br/>Q: Aujourd'hui, quel mois et quel jour (du mois) (sommes-nous) ? </li>

    <li>R: <span class="hanzi">今天 四月 八号 。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Jīntiān sì yuè bā hào. </span> <span class="encadrerouge">et non <span class="hanzi" style="text-decoration: line-through;">今天是四月八号。</span></span></li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">昨天四月七号。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Zuótiān sì yuè qī hào. </span> <br/>Hier (nous étions le) 7 avril.</li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">今天 <span class="encadrerouge">不是</span> 八号。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Jīntiān bù shì bā hào. </span> <span class="encadrerouge">et non <span class="hanzi" style="text-decoration: line-through;">今天不八号</span></span></li>
  </ul>

  <h3>B. Les phrases avec un adjectif qualificatif</h3>

  <p>Dans le genre de phrase suivante, le sujet et l'adjectif qualificatif ne sont pas liés avec le verbe "être" <span class="hanzi">是</span> <span class="pinyin"> shì </span>; cependant, on place l'adverbe <span class="hanzi">很</span> <span class="pinyin"> hěn </span> devant la forme affirmative de l'adjectif.</p>

  <div class="deux">
    S + <span class="hanzi">很</span> + Adj.
  </div>

  <ul>
    <li><span class="hanzi">我 <span class="encadrerouge">很</span> 高兴。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> Wǒ hěn gāoxìng </span> <br/>Je suis content.</li>
  </ul>

  <p>La forme négative de ce genre de phrase est telle que :</p>

  <div class="deux">
    S + <span class="hanzist">不</span> + Adj.
  </div>

  <ul>
    <li><span class="hanzi">他 <span class="encadrerouge">不</span> 高兴。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Tā bù gāoxìng. </span><br/> Il n'est pas content.</li>
  </ul>

  <p>Une telle phrase sans <span class="hanzi">很</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> hěn </span> est utilisée pour annuler la comparaison :</p>

  <div class="deux">
    S + Adj., Phrase
  </div>

  <ul>
    <li><span class="hanzi">我高兴，他不高兴。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> Wǒ gāoxìng, tā bù gāoxìng. </span><br/> je suis content, il n'est pas content.</li>
  </ul>

  <h2>3. Dialogue</h2>

  <p>Essayez de lire ce texte en chinois dans un premier temps, avant de l'écouter plusieurs fois et de lire la traduction en français.</p>

  <p><audio src="../Audio/9_1.mp3" id="9_1" controls="controls"></audio></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">王丽，今天是你的生日。祝你生日快乐！这是你的生日礼物。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Wáng Lì, jīntiān shì nǐde shēngrì. Zhù nǐ shēngrì kuàilè! Zhè shì nǐ de shēngrì lǐwù. </span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">谢谢！我很高兴！</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Xièxie! Wǒ hěn gāoxìng! </span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">不用谢！</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Bùyòng xiè! </span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">这是什么？</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Zhè shì shénme? </span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">一本汉法词典。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> Yī běn hànfǎ cídiǎn. </span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">谢谢你！你的生日是几月几号？</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> Xièxiè nǐ! Nǐ de shēngrì shì jǐ yuè jǐ hào? </span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">我的生日是一月七号。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Wǒ de shēngrì shì yī yuè qī hào. </span></p>

  <h3>Traduction</h3>

  <p>- Wang Li, aujourd'hui c'est ton anniversaire. Je te souhaite un joyeux anniversaire ! Voici ton cadeau (d'anniversaire). </p>

  <p>- Merci ! Je suis contente ! </p>

  <p>- Il n'y a pas de quoi ! </p>

  <p>- Qu'est-ce que c'est ? </p>

  <p>- C'est un dictionnaire chinois-français. </p>

  <p>- Merci à toi ! Quelle est la date de ton anniversaire ? </p>

  <p>- Mon anniversaire est le 7 janvier.</p>

  <h2>4. Texte</h2>

  <p>Essayez de comprendre à l'oral puis à l'écrit le texte suivant pour lequel nous ne donnons volontairement pas de traduction :</p>

  <audio src="../Audio/9_2.mp3" id="9_2" controls="controls"><p><span class="hanzi">今天四月<span class="hanzi">六</span>号是我的生日。大卫祝我生日快乐。他送我一本汉法词典。我很高兴。 </span> <span class="pinyin"> Jīntiān sì yuè liù hào shì wǒ de shēngrì. Dàwèi zhù wǒ shēngrì kuàilè. Tā sòng wǒ yī běn hànfǎ cídiǎn. Wǒ hěn gāoxìng. </span></p>

<a id="5.+exercices" class="ancre"></a><img src="../Images/ligne2.png"/>

  <h2>5. Exercices</h2>

  <p>Répondez en chinois aux questions suivantes :</p>

  <p>1. <span class="hanzi">今天几月几号？</span> <span class="pinyin"> Jīntiān jǐ yuè jǐ hào? </span> 2. <span class="hanzi">今天星期几？</span> <span class="pinyin"> Jīntiān xīngqí jǐ? </span> 3. <span class="hanzi">昨天几月几号星期几？明天呢？</span> <span class="pinyin"> Zuótiān jǐ yuè jǐ hào xīngqí jǐ? Míngtiān ne? </span> 4. <span class="hanzi">今天是三十一号吗？</span> <span class="pinyin"> Jīntiān shì sānshíyī hào ma? </span> 5. <span class="hanzi">你的生日是几月几号？</span> <span class="pinyin"> Nǐ de shēngrì shì jǐ yuè jǐ hào? </span></p>

  <p>LEÇON SUIVANTE : L'emploi du temps et l'heure en chinois</p></audio>
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