eric
/
Chinese-Chine-information


			
							123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466467468469470471472473474475476477478479480481482483484485486487488489490491492493494495496497498499500501502503504505506507508509510511512513514515516517518519520521522523524525526527528529530531532533534535536537538539540541542543544545546547548549550551552553554555556557558559560561562563564565566567568569570571572573574575576577578579580581582583584585586587588589590591592593594595596597598599600601602603604605606607608609610611612613614615616617618619620621622623624625626627628629630631632633634635636637638639640641642643644645646647648649650651652653654655656657658659660661662663664665666667668669670671672673674675676677678679680681682683684685686687688689690691692693694695696697698699700701702703704705706707708709710711712713714715716717718719720721722723724725726727728729730731732733734735736737738739740741742743744745746747748749750751752753754755756757758759760761762763764765766767768769770771772773774775776777778779780781782783784785786787
							<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
  "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" dir="ltr" lang="fr">
<head>
  <title>La maladie et l'hôpital en chinois (Leçon 22) : Méthode de chinois — Chine Informations</title>
  <link type="text/css" href="../Styles/main.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
</head>

<body>
  <h1>La maladie et l'hôpital en chinois - Leçon 22</h1>

  <h3>Sommaire de cette leçon</h3>

  <ul>
    <li><a href="#1.+vocabulaire">1. Vocabulaire</a></li>

    <li><a href="#2.+grammaire">2. Grammaire</a></li>

    <li><a href="#3.+dialogues">3. Dialogues</a></li>

    <li><a href="#4.+exercices">4. Exercices</a></li>
  </ul>

  <h2>1. Vocabulaire</h2>

  <h3>Termes en rapport avec la maladie</h3>

  <table class="table1">
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th></th>

        <th>
          Hanzi
        </th>

        <th>
          Pinyin
        </th>

        <th>
          Traduction
        </th>

        <th>
          Audio
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          1
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">脸色</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">liǎnsè</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          mine (visage); teint
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/lian3%2520se4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          2
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">舒服</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">shūfu</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          confortable / à l'aise / agréable
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/shu1%2520fu.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          3
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">头</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">tóu</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          tête
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/tou2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          4
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">疼</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">téng</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          être douloureux / faire mal
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/teng2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          5
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">病</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">bìng</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          être malade / maladie
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/bing4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          6
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">感冒</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">gǎnmào</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          être enrhumé
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/gan3mao4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          7
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">休息</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">xiūxi</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          se reposer
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/xiu1%2520xi.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          8
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">医院</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">yīyuàn</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          hôpital
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/yi1yuan4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          9
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">看病</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">kànbìng</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          consulter (un médecin)
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/kan4bing4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          10
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">流鼻涕</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">liúbítì</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          avoir le nez qui coule
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/liu2bi2ti4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          11
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">咳嗽</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">késou</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          tousser
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/ke2%2520sou.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          12
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">嗓子</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">sǎngzi</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          gorge
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/sang3%2520zi.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          13
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">量体温</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">liángtǐwēn</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          prendre la température corporelle
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/liang2ti3wen1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          14
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">打针</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">dǎzhēn</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          faire une piqûre
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/da3%2520zhen1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          15
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">药</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">yào</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          médicament
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/yao4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          16
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">药店</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">yào diàn</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          pharmacie
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/yao4dian4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          17
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">开(药)</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">kāi (yào)</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          prescrire (des médicaments)
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/kai1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

  <h3>Autres mots importants</h3>

  <table class="table1">
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th></th>

        <th>
          Hanzi
        </th>

        <th>
          Pinyin
        </th>

        <th>
          Traduction
        </th>

        <th>
          Audio
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          1
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">怎么了</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">zěnme le</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          qu'y a-t-il?
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/zen3mele.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          2
        </td>

        <td class="ln1 big" xml:lang="zh" lang="zh">
          <span class="hanzi">次</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">cì</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          fois
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/ci4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          3
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">好像</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">hǎoxiàng</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          sembler / avoir l'air
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/hao3xiang4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          4
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">好的</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">hǎode</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          OK / d'accord
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/hao3de.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          5
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">刚才</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">gāngcái</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          à l'instant
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/gang1%2520cai2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          6
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">水</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">shuǐ</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          eau
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/shui3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          7
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">些</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">xiē</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          quelques
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/xie1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          8
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">片</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">piàn</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          comprimé / (classificateur)
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/pian4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

 
  <img src="../Images/ligne2.png"/>

  <h2>2. Grammaire</h2>

  <h3>A. La particule <span class="hanzist">了</span> <span class="pinyinst"> le </span> pour indiquer le passé</h3>

  <p>Révision : nous avions vu dans une leçon précédente que la particule <span class="hanzi">了</span> <span class="pinyin"> le </span> placée à fin d'une phrase pouvait être utilisée pour constituer le présent progressif mais également pour indiquer le passé.</p>

  <div class="deux">
    Phrase + <span class="hanzist">了</span>。
  </div>

  <ul>
    <li><span class="hanzi">我 吃 药<span class="encadrerouge"> 了</span>。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Wǒ chī yào le. </span> J'ai pris un médicament.</li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">我 量体温<span class="encadrerouge"> 了</span>。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> Wǒ liàng tǐwēn le. </span> J'ai pris la température (corporelle).</li>
  </ul>

  <h3>B. Exprimer son point de vue avec <span class="hanzist">觉得</span> <span class="pinyinst"> juéde </span></h3>

  <p>Donner son opinion en chinois est relativement aisé avec <span class="hanzi">觉得</span> <span class="pinyin"> juéde </span>. En effet la structure de phrase est la même qu'en français.</p>

  <div class="deux">
    S + <span class="hanzist">觉得</span> + Phrase
  </div>

  <ul>
    <li><span class="hanzi">我 <span class="encadrerouge">觉得</span> 你 是 一个 好 朋友。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> Wǒ juédé nǐ shì hǎo péngyǒu. </span> Je pense que tu es un bon ami.</li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">我 <span class="encadrerouge">觉得</span> 你 感冒 了。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> Wǒ juédé nǐ gǎnmàole. </span> Je pense que tu es enrhumé.</li>
  </ul>

  <h3>C. Exprimer que quelque chose vient d'être réalisé avec <span class="hanzist">刚才</span> <span class="pinyinst"> gāngcái </span></h3>

  <p><span class="hanzi">刚才</span> <span class="pinyin"> gāngcái </span> peut être traduit en français par "à l'instant" ou "venir de (faire qch)" et se place généralement devant un verbe. Il s'accompagne de la marque du passé <span class="hanzi">了</span> <span class="pinyin"> le </span>.</p>

  <div class="deux">
    S + <span class="hanzist">刚才</span> + V (+O) + <span class="hanzist">了</span>
  </div>

  <ul>
    <li><span class="hanzi">你 <span class="encadrerouge">刚才</span> 做 什么 <span class="encadrerouge">了</span> ？</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Nǐ gāngcái zuò shénme le? </span><br/> Que viens-tu de faire ?</li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">我 <span class="encadrerouge">刚才</span> 量体温 <span class="encadrerouge">了</span>。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Wǒ gāngcái liàng tǐwēn le. </span> <br/>Je viens de prendre la température (corporelle).</li>
  </ul>

  <img src="../Images/ligne2.png"/>

  <h2>3. Dialogues</h2>

  <h3>Dialogue N° 1</h3>

  <audio src="../Audio/22_1.mp3" controls="controls" id="22_1"></audio>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">大卫，你怎么了，脸色怎么不好？</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">- Dàwèi, nǐ zěnmele, liǎnsè zěnme bù hǎo? </span> <br/>- <span class="hanzi">我不舒服。我病了。 好像发烧了。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin">- Wǒ bú shūfú. Wǒ bìng le. Hǎoxiàng fāshāo le. </span> <br/>- <span class="hanzi">我觉得你感冒了。去医院看病吧。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">- Wǒ juédé nǐ gǎnmào le. Qù yīyuàn kànbìng ba. </span></p>

  <h3>Traduction</h3>

  <p>- David, qu'y a-t-il, comment cela se fait-il que tu as une si mauvaise mine ?</p>
<p> - Je ne me sens pas bien. Je suis malade. Il semblerait que j'ai de la fièvre.</p>
<p> - Je pense que tu es enrhumé. Va à l'hôpital pour consulter.</p>

  <h3>Dialogue N° 2</h3>

  <audio src="../Audio/22_2.mp3" controls="controls" id="22_2"></audio>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">医生，我感冒了。头疼，流鼻涕。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">- Yīshēng, wǒ gǎnmào le. Tóu téng, liúbítì.</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">咳嗽吗？</span><br/> <span class="pinyin">- Késòu ma?</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">咳嗽，嗓子很疼。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">- Késòu, sǎngzi hěn téng.</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">发烧吗？</span><br/> <span class="pinyin">- Fāshāo ma?</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">我刚才量体温了，37度5。不用打针吧。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">- Wǒ gāngcái liàng tǐwēn le, 37 dù 5. Bù yòng dǎzhēn ba.</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">不用。给你开点儿药。 你去药店取药吧。多休息，多喝水。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">- Bù yòng. Gěi nǐ kāi diǎnr yào. Nǐ qù yàodiàn qǔ yào ba. Duō xiūxí, duō hē shuǐ.</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">医生，这些药怎么吃？</span><br/> <span class="pinyin">- Yīshēng, zhè xiē yào zěnme chī?</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">一天三次，一次两片。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin">- Yī tiān sān cì, yī cì liǎng piàn.</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">好的。谢谢大夫！</span><br/> <span class="pinyin">- Hǎode. Xièxie dàfū! </span></p>

  <h3>Traduction</h3>

  <p>- Docteur, je suis enrhumé ; j'ai mal à la tête et j'ai le nez qui coule.</p>

  <p>- Toussez-vous ?</p>

  <p>- Oui, ma gorge me fait mal.</p>

  <p>- Avez-vous de la température ?</p>

  <p>- Je viens de prendre ma température : 35,5° . Je n'ai pas besoin de piqûre ?</p>

  <p>- Non. Je vous prescris des médicaments ; allez à la pharmacie pour les retirer. Reposez-vous bien et buvez beaucoup d'eau.</p>

  <p>- Docteur, comment prendre (manger) ces (quelques) médicaments ?</p>

  <p>- Trois fois par jour, deux comprimés à la fois.</p>

  <p>- D'accord. Merci Docteur !</p>

  <a id="4.+exercices" class="ancre"></a><img src="../Images/ligne2.png"/>

  <h2>4. Exercices</h2>

  <h3>A. Répondez aux questions en fonction des deux dialogues précédents :</h3>

 
  <ol>
    <li><span class="hanzi">大卫怎么了？</span></li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">大卫在哪儿看病了？</span></li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">大卫发烧吗？用不用打针？</span></li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">你感冒的话，你觉得要做什么？</span></li>
  </ol>

 
  <h3>B. Complétez les phrases avec le bon caractère</h3>

 
  <ol>
    <li><span class="hanzi">王丽说你</span><span class="grey">_______</span><span class="hanzi">了。（疼， 病）</span></li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">你 </span><span class="grey">_______</span><span class="hanzi">子不舒服吗？（嗽， 嗓）</span></li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">我</span><span class="grey"> _______</span><span class="hanzi">很疼，想回家休息。（头，买）</span></li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">你头很</span><span class="grey" style="font-size: 20px;">_______</span><span class="hanzi"> ，发烧了。（热，照）</span></li>
  </ol>

 
  <h3>C. Traduisez en chinois les phrases suivantes :</h3>

 
  <ol>
    <li>David a extrêmement mal à la tête.</li>

    <li>Wang Li pense que David est enrhumé.</li>

    <li>David est allé à l'hopital pour consulter.</li>

    <li>De chez David (la maison de David) à l'hôpital, il y a 1,3km. David est allé à pieds à l'hôpital.</li>
  </ol>
</body>
</html>