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- <h1 class="entry-title">Chiffres & nombres en chinois mandarin</h1>
- </header>
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- <!-- AddThis Sharing Buttons above --><p>Pour compter en chinois,
- on utilise aujourd’hui en Chine le système des chiffres arabes dans la
- vie de tous les jours (prix, boutiques, internet), mais le système
- classique demeure à l’oral et dans de nombreux ouvrages. Il est
- obligatoire de le connaître pour s’exprimer.</p>
- <p>Nous nous contenterons des chiffres & nombres les plus communs
- même s’il existe des variantes en fonction de l’usage (militaire,
- financier, religieux).</p>
- <h1>Nombres de 1 à 9</h1>
- <table>
- <thead>
- <tr>
- <th>Caractère</th>
- <th>Pinyin</th>
- <th>Traduction</th>
- </tr>
- </thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td> 零
- </td>
- <td>líng
- </td>
- <td>zéro
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td> 一
- </td>
- <td>yī
- </td>
- <td>un
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td> 二
- </td>
- <td>èr
- </td>
- <td>deux
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>三
- </td>
- <td>sān
- </td>
- <td>trois
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td> 四
- </td>
- <td>sì
- </td>
- <td>quatre
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td> 五
- </td>
- <td>wǔ
- </td>
- <td>cinq
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td> 六
- </td>
- <td>liù
- </td>
- <td>six
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td> 七
- </td>
- <td>qī
- </td>
- <td>sept
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td> 八
- </td>
- <td>bā
- </td>
- <td>huit
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td> 九
- </td>
- <td>jiǔ
- </td>
- <td>neuf
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>十
- </td>
- <td>shí
- </td>
- <td>dix
- </td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <p>Jusqu’ici rien de particulièrement compliqué.</p>
- <p>Toutefois, veillez bien à ne pas confondre 4, 7 et 10 et de vous appliquer à bien les prononcer (sì – qī – shí).</p>
- <p>Ces nombres pourront se révéler confus à l’oreille lorsque vous aurez à dire 14 – 40 – 70 – 44 ou 77.</p>
- <h1>10-19</h1>
- <p>La construction de 10 à 19 se fait de la manière suivante.</p>
- <p>A vous de comprendre la logique et de bien prononcer les nombres qui suivent :</p>
- <table>
- <thead>
- <tr>
- <th>Chiffre</th>
- <th>Chinois</th>
- </tr>
- </thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td>10</td>
- <td>十</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>11</td>
- <td>十一</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>12</td>
- <td>十二</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>13</td>
- <td>十三</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>14</td>
- <td>十四</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>15</td>
- <td>十五</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>16</td>
- <td>十六</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>17</td>
- <td>十七</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>18</td>
- <td>十八</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>19</td>
- <td>十九</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <p>Contrairement à la série de 10 à 19, prenant comme base 10 + x
- où 14 est 10 + 4 (十四), les dizaines se construisent selon la
- logique x + 10.</p>
- <h1>Dizaines (20, 30 …)</h1>
- <p>Quarante s’écrit 4 + 10 (四十).</p>
- <p>J’insiste une fois de plus sur l’importance de bien prononcer les
- tons afin de ne pas confondre 14 – 40 ou 44 (sìshí – shísì –
- sìshísì ou 四十-十四-四十四).</p>
- <table>
- <thead>
- <tr>
- <th>Caractère</th>
- <th>Pinyin</th>
- <th>Traduction</th>
- </tr>
- </thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td> 十
- </td>
- <td> …
- </td>
- <td> dix
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>二十
- </td>
- <td> …
- </td>
- <td>vingt
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>三十
- </td>
- <td> …
- </td>
- <td>trente
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>四十
- </td>
- <td> …
- </td>
- <td>…
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>五十
- </td>
- <td> …
- </td>
- <td>…
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>六十
- </td>
- <td> …
- </td>
- <td>…
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>七十
- </td>
- <td> …
- </td>
- <td>…
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>八十
- </td>
- <td> …
- </td>
- <td>…
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>九十
- </td>
- <td> …
- </td>
- <td>…
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>一百
- </td>
- <td>yībǎi
- </td>
- <td>cent
- </td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <p>Vous pouvez désormais construire n’importe quel nombre compris entre 0 et 100.</p>
- <h1>Les centaines</h1>
- <p>Notez que 10 se dit 十tout court, mais que la première centaine (de 100 à 199) débutera toujours avec 一 (yī)</p>
- <p>(199 = 一百九十九 – 一百九十九 et non pas 百九十九_).</p>
- <p>Les centaines se façonnent exactement comme les dizaines à savoir X + 百 (400 = 四百 / 500 = 五百).</p>
- <table>
- <thead>
- <tr>
- <th>Chiffre</th>
- <th>Chinois</th>
- </tr>
- </thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td>100</td>
- <td>一百</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>200</td>
- <td>二百</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>300</td>
- <td>三百</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>400</td>
- <td>四百</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>500</td>
- <td>五百</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>600</td>
- <td>六百</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>700</td>
- <td>七百</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>800</td>
- <td>八百</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>900</td>
- <td>九百</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <h1>Les grands nombres</h1>
- <p>La particularité pour compter en chinois est de comprendre que la
- dizaine de référence après le millier (千) est 10.000 (万). Entre 10.000
- et 100.000.000 (亿), vous n’aurez pas d’autres dénominateurs et cela est
- tout à fait logique.</p>
- <p>Vous devrez ainsi exercer dans un premier temps une gymnastique
- lorsque vous tenterez de communiquer des grands nombres en chinois
- (voir les exemples ci-dessous).</p>
- <table>
- <thead>
- <tr>
- <th>Caractère</th>
- <th>Pinyin</th>
- <th>Traduction</th>
- </tr>
- </thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td> 千
- </td>
- <td>qiān
- </td>
- <td>mille
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td> 万
- </td>
- <td>wàn
- </td>
- <td>dix-mille
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td> 亿
- </td>
- <td>yì
- </td>
- <td>cent millions
- </td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <p>Pour vous faciliter cette logique, essayez de lire à voix haute et de
- comprendre les nombres suivants et d’arriver au million qui n’est autre
- que ”mille 10.000”.</p>
- <table>
- <thead>
- <tr>
- <th>Chiffre</th>
- <th>Chinois</th>
- </tr>
- </thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td>9.000</td>
- <td>九千</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>11.000</td>
- <td>一万一千</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>90.000</td>
- <td>九万</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>100.000</td>
- <td>十万</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>112.000</td>
- <td>十一万二千</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>500.000</td>
- <td>五十万</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>1.000.000</td>
- <td>一百万</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>10.000.000</td>
- <td>一千万/千万</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>1.000.000.000</td>
- <td>十亿</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <p>Pour finir avec quelque chose qui revient régulièrement en Chine :</p>
- <p>La population française ? 六千四百万 ! (6400 * 10.000 ou 64.000.000).</p>
- <p>Vous noterez ainsi que l’utilisation des dizaines de milliers
- coincera à partir de 99.999.999 lorsqu’il faudra utiliser l’unité
- correspondante à 100 millions (亿).</p>
- <p>Exemple concret : la population chinoise est de 13 亿 (1,3 milliards d’habitants).</p>
- <h1>Vidéo</h1>
- <p><iframe src="//www.youtube.com/embed/KXxU3n6nEHo" allowfullscreen="" width="560" height="315" frameborder="0"></iframe></p>
- <h1>Exercices</h1>
- <ul>
- <li>14</li>
- <li>44</li>
- <li>114</li>
- <li>7884</li>
- <li>73 </li>
- <li>2004</li>
- <li>78.000.000</li>
- <li>57.000</li>
- <li>440.000 </li>
- <li>654</li>
- <li>3452 </li>
- <li>32 </li>
- <li>6 </li>
- <li>24.432</li>
- <li>890.000</li>
- <li>2.000.000.000</li>
- <li>98, 63</li>
- </ul>
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