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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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  6.   <title></title>
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  7.   <link rel="stylesheet" href="../Styles/main.css"/>
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  8. </head>
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  10. <body>
    11. 

  11.   <div class="grisleger">
    12. 

  12.     II. The structure of the '<span class="pinyin">shì</span> <span class="hanzi">是</span> ... <span class="pinyin">de</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span> ' construction
    13. 

  13.   </div>
    14. 

  14. 

  15.   <p>The '<span class="pinyin">shì</span> <span class="hanzi">是</span> ... <span class="pinyin">de</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span> ' construction is formed by placing <span class="pinyin">shì</span> <span class="hanzi">是</span> right before the word or phrase the speaker intends to emphasize and placing <span class="pinyin">de</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span> either at the end of the sentence or before the object depending on the situation.</p>
    16. 

  16. 

  17.   <div class="grisleger">
    18. 

  18.     The placement of <span class="pinyin">shì</span> <span class="hanzi">是</span>
    19. 

  19.   </div>
    20. 

  20. 

  21.   <p><span class="pinyin">shì</span> <span class="hanzi">是</span> is placed right before the element indicating the information to be clarified. <span class="pinyin">shì</span> <span class="hanzi">是</span> takes a word or phrase which provides any of the following information about the action: time, place, manner, agent or target. The following examples show how different placements of <span class="pinyin">shì</span> <span class="hanzi">是</span> in the same sentence change its focus.</p>
    22. 

  22. 

  23.   <ol type="A">
    24. 

  24.     <li><div class="gris">
    25. 

  25.       Focusing on Time
    26. 

  26.     </div>
    27. 

  27. 

  28. <br/> 
    29. 

  29. 

  30.     <audio src="../Audio/shide-structure-A.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    31. 

  31. 

  32. <br/><span class="pinyin"><span class="orange">Wǒ</span> <span class="rouge">shì</span> <span class="pgris">zuótiān</span> <span class="rose">gēn tā</span> <span class="vert">kāi chē</span> <span class="orange">qù Shànghǎi de</span>.<br/></span><span class="hanzi"><span class="orange">我</span>是<span class="pgris">昨天</span><span class="vert"><span class="rose">跟他</span>开车</span><span class="orange">去上海的。</span><br/></span> I drove to Shanghai with him <span class="pgris">yesterday</span>. It was <span class="pgris">yesterday</span> that I drove to Shanghai with him.</li>
    33. 

  33. 

  34.     <br/>
    35. 

  35. 

  36.     <li><div class="gris">
    37. 

  37.       Focusing on Company
    38. 

  38.     </div>
    39. 

  39. 

  40. <br/> 
    41. 

  41. 

  42.     <audio src="../Audio/shide-structure-B.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    43. 

  43. 

  44. <br/><span class="pinyin"><span class="orange">Wǒ</span> zuótiān <span class="rouge">shì</span> <span class="rose">gēn tā</span> <span class="vert">kāi chē</span> <span class="orange">qù Shànghǎi de</span>.</span><br/><span class="hanzi"><span class="orange">我</span>昨天是<span class="rose">跟他</span></span><span class="orange"><span class="vert">开车</span>去上海的。</span><br/> I drove to Shanghai <span class="rose">with him</span> yesterday. It was <span class="rose">with him</span> that I drove to Shanghai yesterday.</li>
    45. 

  45. 

  46.     <br/>
    47. 

  47. 

  48.     <li><div class="gris">
    49. 

  49.       Focusing on Conveyance
    50. 

  50.     </div>
    51. 

  51. 

  52. <br/> 
    53. 

  53. 

  54.     <audio src="../Audio/shide-structure-C.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    55. 

  55. 

  56. <br/><span class="pinyin"><span class="orange">Wǒ</span> zuótiān <span class="rose">gēn tā</span> <span class="rouge">shì</span> <span class="vert">kāi chē</span> </span><span class="orange">qù Shànghǎi de.</span><br/><span class="hanzi"><span class="orange">我</span>昨天<span class="rose">跟他</span>是</span><span class="orange"><span class="vert">开车</span>去上海的。</span><br/> I <span class="vert">drove</span> to Shanghai with him yesterday.</li>
    57. 

  57.   </ol>
    58. 

  58. 

  59.   <div class="grisleger">
    60. 

  60.     The placement of <span class="pinyin">de</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span>
    61. 

  61.   </div>
    62. 

  62. 

  63.   <ol type="A">
    64. 

  64.     <li><div class="gris">
    65. 

  65.       If the verb does not take an object, place <span class="pinyin">de</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span> at the end of the sentence.
    66. 

  66.     </div>
    67. 

  67. 

  68. <br/> 
    69. 

  69. 

  70.     <ol>
    71. 

  71.       <li>A 1. <br/> 
    72. 

  72. 

  73.       <audio src="../Audio/shide-placement-A-1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    74. 

  74. 

  75. <br/><span class="pinyin">Tā <span class="rouge">shì</span> <u>zuótiān</u> zǒu <span class="rouge">de</span> </span> <br/><span class="hanzi">他是昨天走的。</span> <br/>He left <span class="vert">yesterday</span>. It was <span class="vert">yesterday</span> that he left.</li>
    76. 

  76. 

  77.       <br/>
    78. 

  78. 

  79.       <li>A 2. <br/> 
    80. 

  80. 

  81.       <audio src="../Audio/shide-placement-A-2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    82. 

  82. 

  83. <br/><span class="pinyin">Wǒ <span class="rouge">shì</span> <u>zuò huǒchē</u> huílái <span class="rouge">de</span>.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">我是坐火车回来的。</span><br/> I came back <span class="pinyin">by train</span>. It was <span class="vert">by train</span> that I came back.<br/> <br/> 
    84. 

  84. 

  85.       <div class="gris">
    86. 

  86.         The verb <span class="pinyin">huí</span><span class="hanzi"> 回</span> takes a directional complement <span class="pinyin">lái</span><span class="hanzi"> 来</span>.
    87. 

  87.       </div></li>
    88. 

  88.     </ol></li>
    89. 

  89. 

  90.     <br/>
    91. 

  91. 

  92.     <li><div class="gris">
    93. 

  93.       If the verb takes an object and the object is a personal pronoun, place <span class="pinyin">de</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span> at the end of the sentence.
    94. 

  94.     </div>
    95. 

  95. 

  96. <br/> 
    97. 

  97. 

  98.     <ol>
    99. 

  99.       <li>B 1. <br/> 
    100. 

  100. 

  101.       <audio src="../Audio/shide-placement-B-1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    102. 

  102. 

  103. <br/><span class="pinyin">Wǒ <span class="rouge">shì</span> <u>zài Fǎguó</u> rènshi <b>tā</b> <span class="rouge">de</span>.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">我是在法国认识她的。</span><br/> I met her <span class="vert">in France</span>. It was <span class="vert">in France</span> that I met her.</li>
    104. 

  104. 

  105.       <br/>
    106. 

  106. 

  107.       <li>B 2. <br/> 
    108. 

  108. 

  109.       <audio src="../Audio/shide-placement-B-2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    110. 

  110. 

  111. <br/><span class="pinyin">Tā <span class="rouge">shì</span> <u>zài huí shàng</u> pīpíng <b>wǒ</b> <span class="rouge">de</span>.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">他是在会上批评我的。</span><br/> He criticized <span class="vert">me in the meeting</span>. It was <span class="vert">in the meeting</span> that he criticized me.</li>
    112. 

  112.     </ol></li>
    113. 

  113. 

  114.     <br/>
    115. 

  115. 

  116.     <li><div class="gris">
    117. 

  117.       If the verb takes an object, which is a noun denoting place, put <span class="pinyin">de</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span>either before the object or at the end of the sentence.
    118. 

  118.     </div>
    119. 

  119. 

  120. <br/> 
    121. 

  121. 

  122.     <ol>
    123. 

  123.       <li>C 1. <br/> 
    124. 

  124. 

  125.       <audio src="../Audio/shide-placement-C-1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    126. 

  126. 

  127. <br/><span class="pinyin">Wǒ <span class="rouge">shì</span> <u>zuò huǒchē</u> lái <b>Běijīng</b> <span class="rouge">de</span>.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">我是坐火车来北京的。</span><br/> I came to Beijing <span class="vert">by train</span>. It was <span class="vert">by train</span> that I came to Beijing.</li>
    128. 

  128. 

  129.       <br/>
    130. 

  130. 

  131.       <li>C 2. <br/> 
    132. 

  132. 

  133.       <audio src="../Audio/shide-II-C-2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    134. 

  134. 

  135. <br/><span class="pinyin">Wǒ <span class="rouge">shì</span> <u>zuò huǒchē</u> lái <span class="rouge">de</span> <b>Běijīng</b>.</span> <br/><span class="hanzi">我是坐火车来的北京。</span><br/> I came to Beijing <span class="vert">by train</span>. It was <span class="vert">by train</span> that I came to Beijing.</li>
    136. 

  136.     </ol></li>
    137. 

  137. 

  138.     <br/>
    139. 

  139. 

  140.     <li><div class="gris">
    141. 

  141.       If the verb takes a noun as the object and the noun does not denote place, put <span class="pinyin">de</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span> before the object.
    142. 

  142.     </div>
    143. 

  143. 

  144. <br/> 
    145. 

  145. 

  146.     <ol>
    147. 

  147.       <li>D 1. <br/> 
    148. 

  148. 

  149.       <audio src="../Audio/shide-placement-D-1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    150. 

  150. 

  151. <br/><span class="pinyin">Wǒ <span class="rouge">shì</span> <u>zài diànyǐngyuàn qiántou</u> mài <span class="rouge">de</span> <b>piào</b>.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">我是在电影院前头卖的票。</span><br/> I sold the ticket <span class="vert">in front of the cinema</span>. It was <span class="vert">in front of the cinema</span> that I sold the ticket.</li>
    152. 

  152. 

  153.       <br/>
    154. 

  154. 

  155.       <li>D 2. <br/> 
    156. 

  156. 

  157.       <audio src="../Audio/shide-placement-D-2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    158. 

  158. 

  159. <br/><span class="pinyin">Tā <span class="rouge">shì</span> <u>gēn wǒ yíkuàir</u> kàn <span class="rouge">de</span> <b>diànyǐng</b>.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">他是跟我一块儿看的电影。</span> <br/>He saw the movie <span class="vert">with me</span>. It was <span class="vert">with me</span> that he saw the movie.<br/><br/> 
    160. 

  160. 

  161.       <div class="gris">
    162. 

  162.         Note that de may not be placed after the object in this case because it may change the meaning of the sentence. Compare Sentence D 3 with D 1.
    163. 

  163.       </div></li>
    164. 

  164. 

  165.       <br/>
    166. 

  166. 

  167.       <li>D 3. <br/> 
    168. 

  168. 

  169.       <audio src="../Audio/shide-placement-D-3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    170. 

  170. 

  171. <br/><span class="pinyin">Wǒ <span class="rouge">shì</span> <u>zài diànyǐngyuàn qiántou</u> mài <b>piào</b> <span class="rouge">de</span>.</span><br/><span class="hanzi"> 我是在电影院前头卖票的。</span> <br/>I sell tickets in front of the cinema. I am a ticket-seller in front of the cinema.<br/><br/> 
    172. 

  172. 

  173.       <div class="gris">
    174. 

  174.         Some 'verb+object ' combos can be nominalized by attaching de to form informal names of professions, such as <span class="pinyin">màiyú de</span> <span class="hanzi">卖鱼的</span> fish-seller, <span class="pinyin">chànggē de</span> <span class="hanzi">唱歌的</span> singer, <span class="pinyin">zhàoxiàng de</span> <span class="hanzi">照相的</span> photographer, <span class="pinyin">jiāoshū de</span> <span class="hanzi">教书的</span> teacher, etc.
    175. 

  175.       </div></li>
    176. 

  176.     </ol></li>
    177. 

  177. 

  178.     <br/>
    179. 

  179. 

  180.     <li><div class="gris">
    181. 

  181.       If the verb takes a directional complement and an object, <span class="pinyin">de</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span> is placed at the end of the sentence.
    182. 

  182.     </div>
    183. 

  183. 

  184. <br/> 
    185. 

  185. 

  186.     <ol>
    187. 

  187.       <li>E 1. <br/> 
    188. 

  188. 

  189.       <audio src="../Audio/shide-placement-E-1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    190. 

  190. 

  191. <br/><span class="pinyin">Wáng tàitai <span class="rouge">shì</span> <u>qiánnián</u> bān<b>dào Shànghǎi qù</b> <span class="rouge">de</span> </span><br/> <span class="hanzi">王太太是前年搬到上海去的。</span> <br/>It was <span class="vert">the year before last</span> that Mrs. Wang moved to Shanghai.</li>
    192. 

  192. 

  193.       <br/>
    194. 

  194. 

  195.       <li>E 2. <br/> 
    196. 

  196. 

  197.       <audio src="../Audio/shide-placement-E-2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    198. 

  198. 

  199. <br/><span class="pinyin">Tā <span class="rouge">shì</span> <u>zuótiān</u> dǎ<b>lái diànhuà</b> <span class="rouge">de</span> </span> <br/><span class="hanzi">他是昨天打来电话的。</span><br/> He called <span class="vert">yesterday</span>. It was <span class="vert">yesterday</span> that he called. (Call was made to the speaker.)<br/><br/> Note that in the following sentence the <span class="pinyin">de</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span> is placed before the object, which does not denote a place. Such a placement breaks the rule and has changed the element between <span class="pinyin">shì</span> <span class="hanzi">是</span> and <span class="pinyin">de</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span> into an attribute modifying the object. As a result the meaning of the sentence is also changed. Compare the following sentences.</li>
    200. 

  200. 

  201.       <br/>
    202. 

  202. 

  203.       <li>E 3. <br/> 
    204. 

  204. 

  205.       <audio src="../Audio/shide-placement-E-3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    206. 

  206. 

  207. <br/><span class="pinyin">Tā <span class="rouge">shì</span> <u>zuótiān</u> mǎi<b>lái māo</b> <span class="rouge">de</span>.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">他是昨天买来猫的。</span><br/> It was yesterday that he bought the cat.</li>
    208. 

  208. 

  209.       <br/>
    210. 

  210. 

  211.       <li><br/></li>
    212. 

  212. 

  213. 

  214. 

  215.       E 3. <br/>
    216. 

  216. 

  217.       <audio src="../Audio/shide-placement-E-3a.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    218. 

  218. 

  219.       <br/>
    220. 

  220. 

  221.       <span class="pinyin">Tā <span class="rouge">shì </span><u>zuótiān</u> mǎi<b>lái</b> <span class="rouge">de</span> māo.</span><br/>
    222. 

  222. 

  223.       <span class="hanzi">他是昨天买来的猫。</span><br/>
    224. 

  224. 

  225.       He is the cat bought yesterday.
    226. 

  226.     </ol></li>
    227. 

  227.   </ol>
    228. 

  228. </body>
    229. 

  229. </html>
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