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  <h3><a name=
  "过 expressing experiences of actions in the past"><span class=
  "hanzi">过</span> <span>expressing experiences of actions in the
  past</span></a> <span>(32)</span></h3>
  <p><span class="english">The verb suffix</span> <span class=
  "hanzi">过</span> <span class="english">guò</span> <span class=
  "english">can be used in the following two situations.</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">1. The particle</span> <span class=
  "hanzi">过</span> <span class="english">guò</span> <span class=
  "english">is placed after a verb to express an experience of
  action in the past, such as</span></p>
  <p><span class="hanzi">他</span> <span class="hanzi">学</span>
  <span class="hanzi">过</span> <span class="hanzi">中</span>
  <span class="hanzi">文</span> <span class="hanzi">我</span>
  <span class="hanzi">去过</span> <span class="hanzi">中</span>
  <span class="hanzi">国</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">tā <span>xué guò</span> zhōngwén</span>
  <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/wo%20qu%20guo%20zhongguo.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span> <span class="english">wǒ
  <span>qùguò</span> zhōngguó</span> <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/wo%20meitian%20dou%20mang%20zhe%20ne.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p><span class="english">He has studied Chinese. I’ve been to
  China.</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">When expressing an experience of action
  that didn’t occur, the negation</span> <span class=
  "hanzi">没</span> <span class="english">méi</span> <span class=
  "english">will be used and the verb will be followed by</span>
  <span class="hanzi">过</span> <span class="english">guò</span>
  <span class="english">. For example</span></p>
  <p><span class="hanzi">他</span> <span class="hanzi">没</span>
  <span class="hanzi">学</span> <span class="hanzi">过</span>
  <span class="hanzi">中</span> <span class="hanzi">文</span>
  <span class="hanzi">我</span> <span class="hanzi">没</span>
  <span class="hanzi">去过</span> <span class="hanzi">中</span>
  <span class="hanzi">国</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">tā <span>méi xué guò</span>
  zhōngwén</span> <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/ta%20xue%20mei%20guo%20zhongwen.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span> <span class="english">wǒ
  <span>méiqùguò</span>zhōngguó</span> <span class=
  "english"><a href=
  "Sound/wo%20qu%20mei%20guo%20zhongguo.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p><span class="english">He has never learned Chinese</span>
  <span class="english">. I haven’t been to</span> <span class=
  "english">China.</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">2. The particle</span> <span class=
  "hanzi">过</span> <span class="english">guò</span> <span class=
  "english">can also be used to express the completion of a regular
  activity within a specific time, such as having a meal, sleeping,
  having lessons or doing homework. This type of affirmative
  sentence is often ended with the <u><span style=
  "color:navy">modal partical</span></u></span> <u><span class=
  "hanzi" style="font-family: SimSun; color: navy">了</span>
  <span class="english" style=
  "font-family:Arial; color:navy">le</span></u> <span class=
  "english">to indicate the change of the situation. The following
  sentences imply some of the regular activities that one does
  daily. Many native Chinese would use the aspect particle</span>
  <span class="hanzi">了</span> <span class="english">le</span>
  <span class="english">instead of</span> <span class=
  "hanzi">过</span> <span class="english">guò</span> <span class=
  "english">in the following affirmative sentences</span>
  <span class="english">.</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">(</span> <span class="hanzi">今</span>
  <span class="hanzi">天</span> <span class="english">)</span>
  <span class="hanzi">我</span> <span class="hanzi">吃</span>
  <span class="hanzi">过</span> <span class="hanzi">午饭</span>
  <span class="hanzi">了</span> <span class="english">(</span>
  <span class="hanzi">今</span> <span class="hanzi">天</span>
  <span class="english">)</span> <span class="hanzi">我</span>
  <span class="hanzi">没</span> <span class="hanzi">吃</span>
  <span class="hanzi">过</span> <span class="hanzi">午饭</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">(jīntiān) wǒ <span>chī guo</span> wŭfàn
  le</span> <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/jintian%20wo%20chi%20guo%20wufanlew.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span> <span class=
  "english">(jīntiān) wǒ <span>méi chī guo</span> wŭfàn</span>
  <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/jintian%20wo%20mei%20chi%20guo%20wufanlew.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p><span class="english">I’ve had lunch (for today). I haven’t
  had lunch today.</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">(</span> <span class="hanzi">今</span>
  <span class="hanzi">天</span> <span class="english">)</span>
  <span class="hanzi">我</span> <span class="hanzi">睡</span>
  <span class="hanzi">过</span> <span class="hanzi">觉</span>
  <span class="hanzi">了</span> <span class="hanzi">（今天）我</span>
  <span class="hanzi">没</span> <span class="hanzi">睡</span>
  <span class="hanzi">过</span> <span class="hanzi">觉</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">(jīntiān) wǒ <span>shuì guo</span> jiào
  le</span> <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/jintian%20wo%20shui%20guo%20jiao%20le.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span> <span class=
  "english">(jīntiān) wǒ <span>méi shuì guo</span> jiào</span>
  <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/jintian%20wo%20mei%20shui%20guo%20jiao%20le.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p><span class="english">I’ve slept today. I haven’t slept
  today.</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">(</span> <span class="hanzi">今</span>
  <span class="hanzi">天</span> <span class="english">)</span>
  <span class="hanzi">我</span> <span class="hanzi">上</span>
  <span class="hanzi">过</span> <span class="hanzi">课</span>
  <span class="hanzi">了</span> <span class="english">(</span>
  <span class="hanzi">今</span> <span class="hanzi">天</span>
  <span class="english">)</span> <span class="hanzi">我</span>
  <span class="hanzi">没</span> <span class="hanzi">上</span>
  <span class="hanzi">过</span> <span class="hanzi">课</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">(jīntiān) wǒ <span>shàng guo</span> kè
  le</span> <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/jintian%20wo%20shang%20guo%20ke%20le.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span> <span class=
  "english">(jīntiān) wǒ <span>méi shàng guo</span> kè</span>
  <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/jintian%20wo%20mei%20shang%20guo%20ke%20le.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
  <p><span class="english">I’ve had today’s classes. I haven’t had
  today’s classes.</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">(</span> <span class="hanzi">今</span>
  <span class="hanzi">天</span> <span class="english">)</span>
  <span class="hanzi">我</span> <span class="hanzi">作</span>
  <span class="hanzi">过</span> <span class="hanzi">练</span>
  <span class="hanzi">习</span> <span class="hanzi">了</span>
  <span class="english">(</span> <span class="hanzi">今</span>
  <span class="hanzi">天</span> <span class="english">)</span>
  <span class="hanzi">我</span> <span class="hanzi">没</span>
  <span class="hanzi">作</span> <span class="hanzi">过</span>
  <span class="hanzi">练习</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">(jīntiān) wǒ <span>zuò guo</span> liànxí
  le</span> <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/jintian%20wo%20zuo%20guo%20lianxi%20le.wav"><img src=
  "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span> <span class=
  "english">(jīntiān) wǒ <span>méi zuò guo</span> liànxí</span>
  <span class="english"><a href=
  "Sound/jintian%20wo%20mei%20zuo%20guo%20lianxi%20le.wav"><img src="../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" />
  </a></span></p>
  <p><span class="english">I’ve done today’s homework. I haven’t
  done today’s homework.</span></p>
  <p><span class="english">If you have any questions about the
  above explanation, please click here to ask.</span></p>
  <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700"><a style=
  "text-decoration: none" target="_blank" href=
  "Lessons%2014-16.htm#expressing%20experiences%20of%20actions%20in%20the%20past">
  Assignments</a>.</span></p>
  <p><span style=
  "font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700"><br /></span></p>
  <p>Translate the following sentences into Chinese (过 expressing
  experiences of actions in the past)</p>
  <p>I’ve been very busy and I haven’t eaten today.</p>
  <p>Ding Yun hasn’t slept yet.</p>
  <p>I’ve been to the Cafe next to the student dormitory.</p>
  <p>I’ve been there too.</p>
  <p>I haven’t had Chinese tea there. Have you?</p>
  <p>Yes, I have.</p>
  <p>Have you ever used Gubo’s car?</p>
  <p>No, I haven’t.</p>
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