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  <p>Complement of degree 得</p>
  <p>The complement degree construction is commonly used in the
  following situations.</p>
  <p>1. To describe habitual actions. In other words, it is used to
  describe how someone</p>
  <p>normally does something.</p>
  <p>2. To describe the result of a particular action.</p>
  <p>3. To describe the extent of a stative verb.</p>
  <p>得 de is always preceded by a verb. It is important to remember
  that when you use a verb</p>
  <p>which is in the verb-object form, you must make sure that the
  verb (but not the object) is</p>
  <p>placed before 得 de. Because of this, a verb is often repeated
  in the first part of a</p>
  <p>complement of degree construction. For instance,</p>
  <p>s</p>
  <p>我</p>
  <p>wŏ</p>
  <p>v-o / topic</p>
  <p>游 泳</p>
  <p>yóu yŏng</p>
  <p>v</p>
  <p>游</p>
  <p>yóu</p>
  <p>得</p>
  <p>得</p>
  <p>de</p>
  <p>adv</p>
  <p>很 快。</p>
  <p>hěn kuài</p>
  <p>I swim very quickly.</p>
  <p>As you may know, 游泳 yóuyŏng is a verb in the V-O form, in
  other words, 泳 yŏng is a</p>
  <p>noun, so it should not be placed before 得 de. In spoken
  Chinese, people often omit the object</p>
  <p>of a V-O phrase when using the complement of degree
  construction. If the V-O (topic) is</p>
  <p>clear to listeners, the topic can be omitted.</p>
  <p>63Elementary Chinese Grammar 基础汉语语法</p>
  <p>2011</p>
  <p>For example:</p>
  <p>s</p>
  <p>我</p>
  <p>wŏ</p>
  <p>v-o / topic</p>
  <p>v</p>
  <p>游</p>
  <p>yóu</p>
  <p>得</p>
  <p>得</p>
  <p>de</p>
  <p>adv</p>
  <p>很 快。</p>
  <p>hěn kuài</p>
  <p>I swim very quickly.</p>
  <p>不 bú, the negation for the complement of degree is placed
  before adverbs. For example,</p>
  <p>s v-o / topic v</p>
  <p>我</p>
  <p>wŏ 游 泳</p>
  <p>yóu yŏng 游</p>
  <p>yóu</p>
  <p>得</p>
  <p>得</p>
  <p>de</p>
  <p>不 adv</p>
  <p>不 快。</p>
  <p>bú kuài</p>
  <p>I don't swimming quickly.</p>
  <p>Sometimes the verb in the topic is omitted to avoid
  repetition, and the object of the sentence</p>
  <p>can be placed before the verb. For instance,</p>
  <p>s</p>
  <p>她</p>
  <p>tā</p>
  <p>v-o / topic</p>
  <p>中</p>
  <p>国 菜</p>
  <p>zhōngguó cài</p>
  <p>v</p>
  <p>作</p>
  <p>zuò</p>
  <p>得</p>
  <p>得</p>
  <p>de</p>
  <p>adv</p>
  <p>真 不 错。</p>
  <p>zhēn búcuò</p>
  <p>She cooks Chinese meal really well.</p>
  <p>The above examples describe habitual actions. When the
  complement of degree is used to</p>
  <p>describe the outcome of a particular completed action, a time
  word is needed, as a verb that is</p>
  <p>placed before 得 de cannot take the aspect particle 了 le. For
  example,</p>
  <p>tw</p>
  <p>昨 天 晚 上</p>
  <p>zuótiān wănshang</p>
  <p>s</p>
  <p>她</p>
  <p>tā</p>
  <p>v-o / topic</p>
  <p>中</p>
  <p>国 菜</p>
  <p>zhōngguó cài</p>
  <p>v</p>
  <p>作</p>
  <p>zuò</p>
  <p>得</p>
  <p>得</p>
  <p>de</p>
  <p>adv</p>
  <p>真 不 错。</p>
  <p>zhēn búcuò</p>
  <p>She cooked a Chinese meal really well last night.</p>
  <p>However, the aspect 了 le does not affect verbs that are used
  to describe the outcome of</p>
  <p>actions. In other words, verbs that are placed after 得 de can
  still take aspect 了 le. For</p>
  <p>example,</p>
  <p>64Elementary Chinese Grammar 基础汉语语法</p>
  <p>s sv</p>
  <p>小 王</p>
  <p>Xiǎo Wáng 难 过</p>
  <p>nánguò</p>
  <p>得</p>
  <p>得</p>
  <p>de</p>
  <p>2011</p>
  <p>degree</p>
  <p>哭了 两</p>
  <p>天。</p>
  <p>kūle liǎngtiān</p>
  <p>Xiao Wang was so sad that she cried for two days.</p>
  <p>As you may have noticed, aspect 了 le is used for the verb to
  cry in the clause that describes</p>
  <p>the stative verb 难过 nánguò to be sad. The above example
  illustrates the fact that the 得 de</p>
  <p>construction can also be used to describe the extent of the
  stative verb. For instance,</p>
  <p>s sv</p>
  <p>中</p>
  <p>文</p>
  <p>Zhōng wén 难</p>
  <p>nán</p>
  <p>得</p>
  <p>得</p>
  <p>de</p>
  <p>degree</p>
  <p>我 们</p>
  <p>都</p>
  <p>不 想</p>
  <p>学 了。</p>
  <p>wŏmén dōu bù xiăng xué le</p>
  <p>Chinese is so difficult that we don’t want to learn it any
  more!</p>
  <p>In the above sentence, the phrase 我们都不想学了 wŏmén dōu bù xiăng
  xué le we don’t</p>
  <p>want to learn it any more describes the extent of the
  difficulty.</p>
  <p>s</p>
  <p>我们</p>
  <p>wŏmen</p>
  <p>sv</p>
  <p>忙</p>
  <p>máng</p>
  <p>得</p>
  <p>得</p>
  <p>de</p>
  <p>degree</p>
  <p>每</p>
  <p>天 都</p>
  <p>不 睡 觉。</p>
  <p>měitiān dōu bù shuìjiào</p>
  <p>We are so busy that we don’t even sleep a single day.</p>
  <p>The phrase we don’t even sleep a single day describes the
  extent of the matter.</p>
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