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ChineseGrammarWiki


			
				
					
						
						
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<p>等等 (děng děng), or simply 等 (děng), is just like saying “and so
on” or “etc.” in English, but just a bit more formal. Both are
placed after listing a series of items (generally with a list that
exceeds two items).</p>
<h2 id="basic-usage">Basic Usage</h2>
<p>The basic structure is easy. Just make a list of things, and add
等 (děng) or 等等 (děng děng) to the end of the list. It's the same as
in English when we use "etc." at the end of a list.</p>
<h3 id="structure">Structure</h3>
<div class="jiegou">
<p>A1，A2⋯⋯等 / 等等</p>
</div>
<h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>西瓜、菠萝、苹果、葡萄 <em>等等</em> 都 是 我 喜欢 的 水果 。 <span class=
"pinyin">Xīguā, bōluó, píngguǒ, pútáo <em>děngděng</em> dōu shì wǒ
xǐhuan de shuǐguǒ.</span><span class="trans">Watermelons,
pineapples, apples, grapes and so on are all the fruits that I
like.</span></li>
<li>我 的 男朋友 会 说 很 多 外语 ， 英语、法语、西班牙语 <em>等等</em> 。 <span class=
"pinyin">Wǒ de nánpéngyou huì shuō hěn duō wàiyǔ, Yīngyǔ, Fǎyǔ,
Xībānyáyǔ <em>děngděng</em>.</span><span class="trans">My boyfriend
can speak many foreign languages: English, French, Spanish,
etc.</span></li>
<li>我 很 喜欢 运动，比如 跑步、游泳、做瑜伽 <em>等等</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ hěn
xǐhuan yùndòng, bǐrú pǎobù, yóuyǒng, zuò yújiā
<em>děngděng</em>.</span><span class="trans">I like exercising very
much, for example, running, swimming, doing yoga, etc.</span></li>
<li>我们 公司 有 好几 个 部门，市场部、客户部、技术部 <em>等</em> 。<span class=
"pinyin">Wǒmen gōngsī yǒu hǎojǐ gè bùmén, shìchǎng bù, kèhù bù,
jìshù bù <em>děng</em>.</span><span class="trans">Our company has
several departments: marketing department, client department,
technology department, etc.</span></li>
<li><span class="spaced">Jackie Chan、Jet Li、Bruce Li</span>
<em>等</em> 都 是 中国 有名 的 功夫 明星 。 <span class="pinyin">Jackie Chan,
Jet Li, Bruce Li <em>děng</em> dōu shì Zhōngguó yǒumíng de gōngfu
míngxīng.</span><span class="trans">Jackie Chan, Jet Li, Bruce Li,
etc. are all famous Chinese martial arts stars.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="usage-before-a-noun">Usage Before a Noun</h2>
<p>Occasionally, 等 (děng) is added to the end of a list and is
followed by a noun that represents the list. For example, if the
list is a series of countries, 等 (děng) would be followed by 国家
(guójiā).</p>
<h3 id="structure-1">Structure</h3>
<div class="jiegou">
<p>A1，A2⋯⋯等 + [Category]</p>
</div>
<h3 id="examples-1">Examples</h3>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>长城、故宫 <em>等</em> 地方 都 是 北京 有名 的 景点 。 <span class=
"pinyin">Chángchéng, Gùgōng <em>děng</em> dìfang dōu shì Běijīng
yǒumíng de jǐngdiǎn.</span><span class="trans">The Great Wall, the
Forbidden City, etc. are all famous scenic spots in
Beijing.</span></li>
<li>北京、上海、广州 <em>等</em> 城市 是 中国 最 发达 的 城市 。<span class=
"pinyin">Běijīng, Shànghǎi, Guǎngzhōu <em>děng</em> chéngshì shì
Zhōngguó zuì fādá de chéngshì.</span><span class="trans">Beijing,
Shanghai, Guangzhou and so on are the most developed cities in
China.</span></li>
<li>牛津、剑桥 <em>等</em> 大学 都 是 最 有名 的 英国 大学 。<span class=
"pinyin">Niújīn, Jiànqiáo <em>děng</em> dàxué dōu shì zuì yǒumíng
de Yīngguó dàxué.</span><span class="trans">Oxford, Cambridge and
so on are the most famous British Universities.</span></li>
<li>中国、印度、巴西 <em>等</em> 国家 都 不 是 发达 国家 。<span class=
"pinyin">Zhōngguó, Yìndù, Bāxī <em>děng</em> guójiā dōu bù shì fādá
guójiā.</span><span class="trans">China, India, Brazil and so on
are not developed countries.</span></li>
<li>WTO, WHO <em>等</em> 组织 都 是 国际 组织。 <span class="pinyin">WTO, WHO
<em>děng</em> zǔzhī dōu shì guójì zǔzhī.</span><span class=
"trans">WTO, WHO and so on are all international
organizations.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href=
"Ending_a_Non-Exhaustive_List_with_&quot;shenme_de&quot;" title=
"wikilink">Ending a Non-Exhaustive List with "shenme de"</a></li>
<li><a href="&quot;Stuff_like_that&quot;_with_&quot;zhileide&quot;"
title="wikilink">"Stuff like that" with "zhileide"</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further
reading</h2>
<h3 id="books">Books</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href=
"Chinese_Grammar_-_Broken_down_into_100_items_-_Basic_and_Intermediate_Levels_(%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E7%99%BE%E9%A1%B9%E8%AE%B2%E7%BB%83_-_%E5%88%9D%E4%B8%AD%E7%BA%A7)"
title="wikilink">Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items -
Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)</a> (p. 304)
<a href="http://www.amazon.cn/gp/product/B004WA6JSQ/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-23&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=536&amp;creative=3132&amp;creativeASIN=B004WA6JSQ">
→buy</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="Category:B1_grammar_points" title=
"wikilink">Category:B1 grammar points</a></p>
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