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  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
    2. 

  2. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
    3. 

  3. <head>
    4. 

  4. <meta name="generator" content=
    5. 

  5. "HTML Tidy for HTML5 for Linux version 5.2.0" />
    6. 

  6. <title></title>
    7. 

  7. </head>
    8. 

  8. <body>
    9. 

  9. <p>The particle 着 (zhe) is one way of indicating the <em>continuous
    10. 

  10. aspect</em> in Mandarin Chinese (another common way is <a href=
    11. 

  11. "Expressing_actions_in_progress" title="wikilink">using the adverb
    12. 

  12. 在 in front of verbs</a>). You may have heard that the Chinese
    13. 

  13. particle 着 added onto the end of verbs is similar to the use of
    14. 

  14. <em>-ing</em> in English. This isn't particularly helpful, however,
    15. 

  15. because the use of 着 in Chinese is not nearly so frequent, and can
    16. 

  16. also be quite idiomatic.</p>
    17. 

  17. <h2 id="basic-usage">Basic Usage</h2>
    18. 

  18. <h3 id="structure">Structure</h3>
    19. 

  19. <div class="jiegou">
    20. 

  20. <p>Verb + 着</p>
    21. 

  21. </div>
    22. 

  22. <h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
    23. 

  23. <div class="liju">
    24. 

  24. <ul>
    25. 

  25. <li>我 读 ，你 听 <em>着</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ dú, nǐ tīng
    26. 

  26. <em>zhe</em>.</span><span class="trans">I'll read the letter, and
    27. 

  27. you will listen.</span></li>
    28. 

  28. <li>我们 做 ，你们 看 <em>着</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen zuò, nǐmen
    29. 

  29. kàn <em>zhe</em>.</span><span class="trans">We will do it, and you
    30. 

  30. will watch.</span></li>
    31. 

  31. <li>你们 坐 <em>着</em> ，哪儿 都 别 去 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen zuò
    32. 

  32. <em>zhe</em>, nǎr dōu bié qù.</span><span class="trans">You sit
    33. 

  33. here. Don't go anywhere else.</span></li>
    34. 

  34. <li>我 出去 一下 ，你 帮 我 看 <em>着</em> 行李 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ chūqù
    35. 

  35. yīxià, nǐ bāng wǒ kān <em>zhe</em> xíngli.</span><span class=
    36. 

  36. "trans">I'll go out for a second, and you watch the luggage for
    37. 

  37. me.</span></li>
    38. 

  38. </ul>
    39. 

  39. </div>
    40. 

  40. <h2 id="used-for-continuous-state">Used for Continuous State</h2>
    41. 

  41. <p>While it's true that the "<a href=
    42. 

  42. "Expressing_actions_in_progress_(full_form)" title="wikilink">full
    43. 

  43. progressive pattern</a>" can make use of 着, this is not a pattern
    44. 

  44. you're going to want to use all the time. The most commonly used
    45. 

  45. verbs are the ones below:</p>
    46. 

  46. <ul>
    47. 

  47. <li>开 (kāi) alone can mean "to open" or "to turn on." Adding 着
    48. 

  48. allows one to express that something "is open" or "is on."</li>
    49. 

  49. </ul>
    50. 

  50. <ul>
    51. 

  51. <li>关 (guān) alone can mean "to close" or "to turn off." Adding 着
    52. 

  52. allows one to express that something "is closed" or "is off."</li>
    53. 

  53. </ul>
    54. 

  54. <ul>
    55. 

  55. <li>穿 (chuān) alone means "to wear." Adding 着 allows one to express
    56. 

  56. that one "is wearing" or "has" something (on one's person).</li>
    57. 

  57. </ul>
    58. 

  58. <ul>
    59. 

  59. <li>戴 (dài) alone means "to wear." Adding 着 allows one to express
    60. 

  60. that one "is wearing" or "has" something (on one's person).</li>
    61. 

  61. </ul>
    62. 

  62. <ul>
    63. 

  63. <li>躺 (tǎng) alone means "to lie on one's back." Adding 着 allows
    64. 

  64. one to express that someone "is lying down."</li>
    65. 

  65. </ul>
    66. 

  66. <h3 id="examples-1">Examples</h3>
    67. 

  67. <div class="liju">
    68. 

  68. <ul>
    69. 

  69. <li>家里 的 灯 开 <em>着</em> 。<span class="expl">"Being on" is a state,
    70. 

  70. so using 着 is natural.</span><span class="pinyin">Jiālǐ de dēng kāi
    71. 

  71. <em>zhe</em>.</span></li>
    72. 

  72. <li>家里 灯 <em>在</em> 开 。<span class="expl">"Being on" is not an
    73. 

  73. action, so don't use 在.</span><span class="pinyin">Jiālǐ de dēng
    74. 

  74. <em>zài</em> kāi.</span></li>
    75. 

  75. </ul>
    76. 

  76. <ul>
    77. 

  77. <li>公司 的 门 开 <em>着</em> ，可是 没 人 在 。<span class="expl">"Being on" is
    78. 

  78. a state, so using 着 is natural.)</span><span class="pinyin">Gōngsī
    79. 

  79. de mén kāi <em>zhe</em>, kěshì méi rén zài.</span></li>
    80. 

  80. <li>公司 的 门 <em>在</em> 开 ，可是 没 人 在 。<span class="expl">"Being open"
    81. 

  81. is not an action, so don't use 在.)</span><span class=
    82. 

  82. "pinyin">Gōngsī de mén <em>zài</em> kāi, kěshì méi rén
    83. 

  83. zài.</span></li>
    84. 

  84. </ul>
    85. 

  85. <ul>
    86. 

  86. <li>他 戴 <em>着</em> 眼镜 。<span class="expl">"Having his glasses (on
    87. 

  87. him)" is a state, so using 着 is natural.)</span><span class=
    88. 

  88. "pinyin">Tā dài <em>zhe</em> yǎnjìng.</span></li>
    89. 

  89. <li>他 <em>在</em> 戴 眼镜 。<span class="expl">"Having his glasses (on
    90. 

  90. him)" is not an action, so don't use 在.)</span><span class=
    91. 

  91. "pinyin">Tā <em>zài</em> dài yǎnjìng.</span></li>
    92. 

  92. </ul>
    93. 

  93. <ul>
    94. 

  94. <li>她 穿 <em>着</em> 一 条 小 黑 裙 。<span class="expl">"Be wearing" is a
    95. 

  95. state, so using 着 is natural.)</span><span class="pinyin">Tā chuān
    96. 

  96. <em>zhe</em> yī tiáo xiǎo hēi qún.</span></li>
    97. 

  97. <li>她 <em>在</em> 穿 一 条 小 黑 裙 。<span class="expl">"Be wearing" is
    98. 

  98. not an action, so don't use 在.)</span><span class="pinyin">Tā
    99. 

  99. <em>zài</em> chuān yī tiáo xiǎo hēi qún.</span></li>
    100. 

  100. </ul>
    101. 

  101. <ul>
    102. 

  102. <li>躺 <em>着</em> 最 舒服 。<span class="expl">"Lying here" is a state,
    103. 

  103. so using 着 is natural.)</span><span class="pinyin">Tǎng
    104. 

  104. <em>zhe</em> zuì shūfu.</span></li>
    105. 

  105. <li><em>在</em> 躺 最 舒服 。<span class="expl">"Lying here" is not
    106. 

  106. strictly an action, so don't use 在.)</span><span class=
    107. 

  107. "pinyin"><em>Zài</em> tǎng zuì shūfu .</span></li>
    108. 

  108. </ul>
    109. 

  109. </div>
    110. 

  110. <h2 id="used-for-a-certain-way-of-doing-things">Used for a Certain
    111. 

  111. Way of Doing Things</h2>
    112. 

  112. <p>If you do an action <a href=
    113. 

  113. "&quot;Verbing_away&quot;_using_&quot;zhe&quot;" title=
    114. 

  114. "wikilink"><em>while in a particular state</em></a>, you can make
    115. 

  115. use of this pattern:</p>
    116. 

  116. <h3 id="structure-1">Structure</h3>
    117. 

  117. <div class="jiegou">
    118. 

  118. <p>Verb 1 + 着 + Verb 2</p>
    119. 

  119. </div>
    120. 

  120. <p>Note that the <strong>first verb</strong> (followed by 着)
    121. 

  121. describes the <strong>state</strong>; the second verb is the action
    122. 

  122. verb. In this case, the "-ing" translation can be useful.</p>
    123. 

  123. <h3 id="examples-2">Examples</h3>
    124. 

  124. <div class="liju">
    125. 

  125. <ul>
    126. 

  126. <li>她 喜欢 站 <em>着</em> 吃饭 。 <span class="expl">"standing + eat =
    127. 

  127. eating while standing"</span><span class="pinyin">Tā xǐhuan zhàn
    128. 

  128. <em>zhe</em> chīfàn.</span></li>
    129. 

  129. <li>我 不 喜欢 听 <em>着</em> 音乐 做 作业 。 <span class="expl">"listening to
    130. 

  130. music + do homework = listening to music while doing
    131. 

  131. homework</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ bù xǐhuan tīng <em>zhe</em>
    132. 

  132. yīnyuè zuò zuòyè.</span></li>
    133. 

  133. <li>他 笑 <em>着</em> 说 “对不起” 。 <span class="expl">"smiling + say =
    134. 

  134. saying "I'm sorry" while smiling</span><span class="pinyin">Tā xiào
    135. 

  135. <em>zhe</em> shuō "duìbuqǐ".</span></li>
    136. 

  136. </ul>
    137. 

  137. </div>
    138. 

  138. <p><strong>Note:</strong> If you want to make a sentence where both
    139. 

  139. verbs are action verbs (neither is truly a state), then you don't
    140. 

  140. want this pattern, you want <a href=
    141. 

  141. "Simultaneous_tasks_with_&quot;yibian&quot;" title=
    142. 

  142. "wikilink">一边⋯⋯，一边⋯⋯</a>.</p>
    143. 

  143. <h2 id="着-used-idiomatically">着 Used Idiomatically</h2>
    144. 

  144. <p>Certain verbs tend to take 着 more frequently than others, and
    145. 

  145. exactly what the 着 is <em>doing</em> might not be apparent at all.
    146. 

  146. It's best to think of these usages as colloquialisms. You can even
    147. 

  147. think of them as set phrases.</p>
    148. 

  148. <h3 id="examples-3">Examples</h3>
    149. 

  149. <div class="liju">
    150. 

  150. <ul>
    151. 

  151. <li>你 听 <em>着</em> ! <span class="expl">"to listen and keep
    152. 

  152. listening"</span><span class="pinyin">Nǐ tīng
    153. 

  153. <em>zhe</em>!</span></li>
    154. 

  154. <li>这个 你 拿 <em>着</em> ! <span class="expl">"to hold and keep
    155. 

  155. holding"</span><span class="pinyin">Zhège nǐ ná
    156. 

  156. <em>zhe</em>!</span></li>
    157. 

  157. <li>你们 等 <em>着</em> ! <span class="expl">"to wait and keeping
    158. 

  158. waiting"</span><span class="pinyin">Nǐmen děng
    159. 

  159. <em>zhe</em>!</span></li>
    160. 

  160. </ul>
    161. 

  161. </div>
    162. 

  162. <p>There's also one colloquial usage of 着 that's been chosen by at
    163. 

  163. least one textbook for special treatment, so we'll cover it here as
    164. 

  164. well:</p>
    165. 

  165. <div class="jiegou">
    166. 

  166. <p>Verb + 着 + 玩 + 的</p>
    167. 

  167. </div>
    168. 

  168. <p>This pattern may look like that "doing an action in a particular
    169. 

  169. state" pattern already covered above, but in practice it doesn't
    170. 

  170. really work that way. It just means "[Verb] for fun" or "[Verb] as
    171. 

  171. a joke."</p>
    172. 

  172. <p>Examples of this usage:</p>
    173. 

  173. <div class="liju">
    174. 

  174. <ul>
    175. 

  175. <li>我 不 是 认真 的 ，我 是 闹 <em>着</em> 玩 的 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ bùshì
    176. 

  176. rènzhēn de, wǒ shì nào <em>zhe</em> wá de.</span><span class=
    177. 

  177. "trans">I'm not very serious, I like to have a lot of
    178. 

  178. fun.</span></li>
    179. 

  179. <li>我 听不懂 英文 歌 ，只 是 听 <em>着</em> 玩 的 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ tīng
    180. 

  180. bù dǒng Yīngwén gē, zhǐshì tīng <em>zhe</em> wán
    181. 

  181. de.</span><span class="trans">I don't understand English songs. I
    182. 

  182. just listen for fun.</span></li>
    183. 

  183. <li>你 不要 生气 ，我 是 说 <em>着</em> 玩 的 ！<span class="pinyin">Nǐ bùyào
    184. 

  184. shēngqì, wǒ gāngcái shì shuō <em>zhe</em> wán
    185. 

  185. de!</span><span class="trans">Don't be mad.I was just
    186. 

  186. joking.</span></li>
    187. 

  187. </ul>
    188. 

  188. </div>
    189. 

  189. <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
    190. 

  190. <ul>
    191. 

  191. <li><a href="Expressing_actions_in_progress" title=
    192. 

  192. "wikilink">Expressing actions in progress</a></li>
    193. 

  193. <li><a href="Expressing_actions_in_progress_(full_form)" title=
    194. 

  194. "wikilink">Expressing actions in progress (full form)</a></li>
    195. 

  195. </ul>
    196. 

  196. <h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further
    197. 

  197. reading</h2>
    198. 

  198. <h3 id="books">Books</h3>
    199. 

  199. <ul>
    200. 

  200. <li><a href=
    201. 

  201. "A_Practical_Chinese_Grammar_For_Foreigners_(%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)"
    202. 

  202. title="wikilink">A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners
    203. 

  203. (外国人实用汉语语法)</a> (pp. 414 - 423) <a href=
    204. 

  204. "http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-23&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;asin=B001J0ADWA&amp;camp=536&amp;creative=3132&amp;creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA">
    205. 

  205. →buy</a></li>
    206. 

  206. <li><a href="Chinese:_An_Essential_Grammar,_Second_Edition" title=
    207. 

  207. "wikilink">Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition</a> (pp.
    208. 

  208. 89) <a href=
    209. 

  209. "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=0415372615">
    210. 

  210. →buy</a></li>
    211. 

  211. <li><a href="Mandarin_Chinese:_A_Functional_Reference_Grammar"
    212. 

  212. title="wikilink">Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference
    213. 

  213. Grammar</a> (pp. 217 - 225) <a href=
    214. 

  214. "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0520066103?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0520066103">
    215. 

  215. →buy</a></li>
    216. 

  216. <li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_2_(3rd_ed)" title=
    217. 

  217. "wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)</a> (pp.
    218. 

  218. 242-3) <a href=
    219. 

  219. "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=0887276709">
    220. 

  220. →buy</a></li>
    221. 

  221. <li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_2" title=
    222. 

  222. "wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2</a> (p. 17) <a href=
    223. 

  223. "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276881/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0887276881">
    224. 

  224. →buy</a></li>
    225. 

  225. <li><a href=
    226. 

  226. "New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_2_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC2)"
    227. 

  227. title="wikilink">New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2)</a> (pp.
    228. 

  228. 238-9) <a href=
    229. 

  229. "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561911297/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=7561911297">
    230. 

  230. →buy</a></li>
    231. 

  231. <li><a href=
    232. 

  232. "40_Lessons_for_Basic_Chinese_Course_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD40%E8%AF%BE%E4%B8%8A%E5%86%8C%EF%BC%89"
    233. 

  233. title="wikilink">40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course
    234. 

  234. (基础汉语40课上册）</a> (p. 255)<a href=
    235. 

  235. "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=allset-20">→buy</a></li>
    236. 

  236. </ul>
    237. 

  237. <h3 id="websites">Websites</h3>
    238. 

  238. <ul>
    239. 

  239. <li>About.com: <a href=
    240. 

  240. "http://mandarin.about.com/od/grammar/a/aspect.htm">Mandarin
    241. 

  241. Chinese Aspect</a></li>
    242. 

  242. <li>ChinesePod: <a href=
    243. 

  243. "http://chinesepod.com/lessons/the-%E7%9D%80-zhe-chronicles-how-we-verb">
    244. 

  244. Qing Wen - The 着 (zhe) Chronicles: How We Verb</a> (free
    245. 

  245. content)</li>
    246. 

  246. <li>ChinesePod: <a href=
    247. 

  247. "http://chinesepod.com/lessons/the-%E7%9D%80-zhe-chronicles-actions-in-progress">
    248. 

  248. Qing Wen - The 着 (zhe) Chronicles: Actions in Progress</a> (free
    249. 

  249. content)</li>
    250. 

  250. <li>ChinesePod: <a href=
    251. 

  251. "http://chinesepod.com/lessons/the-%E7%9D%80-zhe-chronicles-verbs-as-states">
    252. 

  252. Qing Wen - The 着 (zhe) Chronicles: Verbs as States</a> (free
    253. 

  253. content)</li>
    254. 

  254. </ul>
    255. 

  255. </body>
    256. 

  256. </html>
    257.