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ChineseGrammarWiki


			
				
					
						
						
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<p>既然 (jìrán) means "since," and is often followed by 就 to mean
"since...then...." It is used like this:</p>
<h2 id="既然-followed-by-an-affirmative-sentence">既然 followed by an
affirmative sentence</h2>
<p>This construction is not generally used to express a result, but
more of a suggestion or inference deduced from the first fact. It
can be placed before or after the subject. But if the subjects in
the two clauses are the same, 既然 is more often put after the
subject.</p>
<h3 id="structure">Structure</h3>
<div class="jiegou">
<p>既然＋Fact, 那 / 就 / 那就＋Suggestion / Inference</p>
</div>
<h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>你 <em>既然</em> 不 想 说，<em>那就</em> 别 说 了。<span class="trans">Since
you don't want to speak, just don't say it.</span><span class=
"expl">a suggestion)</span></li>
<li><em>既然</em> 你 那么 喜欢，<em>那就</em> 买 吧。 <span class="trans">Since
you like it so much, buy it then.</span><span class="expl">a
suggestion)</span></li>
<li>她 <em>既然</em> 刚刚 分手，<em>那</em> 现在 应该 是 单身 吧。 <span class=
"trans">Since she just had a breakup, she should be single
now.</span><span class="expl">an inference)</span></li>
<li><em>既然</em> 你们 是 好 朋友，<em>那</em> 他 肯定 会 帮 你 吧。<span class=
"trans">Since you guys are good friends, he will definitely help
you.</span><span class="expl">an inference)</span></li>
<li><em>既然</em> 大家 都 不 感 兴趣，<em>就</em> 换 个 话题 吧。<span class=
"trans">Since nobody is interested, let's change the
topic.</span><span class="expl">a suggestion)</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="既然-followed-by-a-question">既然 followed by a question</h2>
<p>The suggestion or inference deduced from the first fact can come
in the form of rhetorical question. In this case, “那” can be
omitted.</p>
<h3 id="structure-1">Structure</h3>
<div class="jiegou">
<p>既然 + Fact, （那 +）rhetorical question</p>
</div>
<h3 id="examples-1">Examples</h3>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>你 <em>既然</em> 不 喜欢 他，为什么 还 想 跟 他 出去？<span class="trans">Since
you don't like him, why do you want to go out with
him?</span><span class="expl">a suggestion)</span></li>
<li><em>既然</em> 你 已经 决定 了，为什么 现在 后悔？<span class="trans">Since
you've made your decision, don't regret it then.</span><span class=
"expl">a suggestion)</span></li>
<li><em>既然</em> 他 那么 忙，你 为什么 还 去 打扰 他？<span class="trans">Since
he's so busy, why would you bother him?</span><span class="expl">a
suggestion)</span></li>
<li><em>既然</em> 已经 分手 了，为什么 还 要 见面？<span class="trans">Since we
broke up, why would we still see each other?</span><span class=
"expl">a suggestion)</span></li>
<li><em>既然</em> 你 男朋友 那么 有 钱，<em>那</em> 他 为什么 不 能 大方
一点？<span class="trans">Since your boyfriend is so rich, why can't
he be more generous?</span><span class="expl">a
suggestion)</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href=
"Cause_and_Effect_with_&quot;yinwei&quot;_and_&quot;suoyi&quot;"
title="wikilink">Cause and Effect with "yinwei" and
"suoyi"</a></li>
<li><a href="Because&quot;_with_&quot;er&quot;_Indicating_Effect"
title="wikilink">Because" with "er" Indicating Effect</a></li>
<li><a href=
"Expressing_&quot;Even_if%E2%80%A6&quot;_with_&quot;jishi&quot;"
title="wikilink">Expressing "Even if…" with "jishi"</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further
reading</h2>
<h3 id="books">Books</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href=
"Chinese_Grammar_-_Broken_down_into_100_items_-_Basic_and_Intermediate_Levels_(%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E7%99%BE%E9%A1%B9%E8%AE%B2%E7%BB%83_-_%E5%88%9D%E4%B8%AD%E7%BA%A7)"
title="wikilink">Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items -
Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)</a> (pp.267-9)
<a href=
"http://www.amazon.cn/gp/product/B004WA6JSQ/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-23&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=536&amp;creative=3132&amp;creativeASIN=B004WA6JSQ">
→buy</a></li>
<li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_2" title=
"wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2</a> (pp. 289-90)
<a href=
"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276881/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0887276881">
→buy</a></li>
<li><a href=
"New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_4_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC4)"
title="wikilink">New Practical Chinese Reader 4 (新实用汉语课本4)</a> (pp.
179) <a href=
"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561913192/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=7561913192">
→buy</a></li>
<li><a href=
"%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%8D%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87"
class="uri" title="wikilink">卓越汉语－公司实战篇</a> (p. 245) <a href=
"http://www.amazon.cn/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD-%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87-%E8%83%A1%E7%81%B5%E5%9D%87/dp/B003QZWQ6M/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1347863170&amp;sr=8-1">
→buy</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="Category:_B2_grammar_points" title="wikilink">Category:
B2 grammar points</a></p>
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