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ChineseGrammarWiki


			
				
					
						
						
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  <h1></h1>

  <p><span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 22px;">等等</span> (<span class="pinyin">děng děng</span>), or simply <span class="hanzi">等</span> (<span class="pinyin">děng</span>), is just like saying “<b>and so on</b>” or “<b>etc.</b>” in English, but just a bit more formal. Both are placed after listing a series of items (generally with a list that exceeds two items).</p>

  <h2>Contents</h2>

  <ol>
    <li>Structure<br/></li>

    <li>Examples<br/></li>

    <li>See also<br/></li>

    <li>Sources and further reading<br/></li>

    <ol>
      <li>Books<br/></li>
    </ol>
  </ol>

  <h2 id="basic-usage">Basic Usage</h2>

  <p>The basic structure is easy. Just make a list of things, and add <span class="hanzi">等</span> (<span class="pinyin">děng</span>) or <span class="hanzi">等等</span> (<span class="pinyin">děng děng</span>) to the end of the list. It's the same as in English when we use "etc." at the end of a list.</p>

  <h3 id="structure">Structure</h3>

  <div>
    <div class="deux">
      A1，A2⋯⋯<span style="color: rgb(255, 127, 80); font-family: NotoSansCJKsc; font-size: 30px;">等 / 等等</span>
    </div>
  </div>

  <h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>

  <div class="exemple">
    <ul>
      <li><span class="hanzi">西瓜、菠萝、苹果、葡萄 等等 都 是 我 喜欢 的 水果 。</span> <span class="pinyin">Xīguā, bōluó, píngguǒ, pútáo děngděng dōu shì wǒ xǐhuan de shuǐguǒ.</span><br/><span> Watermelons, pineapples, apples, grapes and so on are all the fruits that I like.</span></li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">我 的 男朋友 会 说 很 多 外语 ， 英语、法语、西班牙语 等等 。</span> <span class="pinyin">Wǒ de nánpéngyou huì shuō hěn duō wàiyǔ, Yīngyǔ, Fǎyǔ, Xībānyáyǔ děngděng.</span><br/><span> My boyfriend can speak many foreign languages: English, French, Spanish, etc.</span></li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">我 很 喜欢 运动，比如 跑步、游泳、做瑜伽 等等 。</span> <span class="pinyin">Wǒ hěn xǐhuan yùndòng, bǐrú pǎobù, yóuyǒng, zuò yújiā děngděng.</span><br/><span> I like exercising very much, for example, running, swimming, doing yoga, etc.</span></li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">我们 公司 有 好几 个 部门，市场部、客户部、技术部 等 。</span> <span class="pinyin">Wǒmen gōngsī yǒu hǎojǐ gè bùmén, shìchǎng bù, kèhù bù, jìshù bù děng.</span><br/><span> Our company has several departments: marketing department, client department, technology department, etc.</span></li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">Jackie Chan、Jet Li、Bruce Li 等 都 是 中国 有名 的 功夫 明星 。</span> <span class="pinyin">Jackie Chan, Jet Li, Bruce Li děng dōu shì Zhōngguó yǒumíng de gōngfu míngxīng.</span><br/><span> Jackie Chan, Jet Li, Bruce Li, etc. are all famous Chinese martial arts stars.</span></li>
    </ul>
  </div>

  <h2 id="usage-before-a-noun">Usage Before a Noun</h2>

  <p>Occasionally, <span class="hanzi">等</span> (<span class="pinyin">děng</span>) is added to the end of a list and is followed by a noun that represents the list. For example, if the list is a series of countries, <span class="hanzi">等</span> (<span class="pinyin">děng</span>) would be followed by <span class="hanzi">国家</span> (<span class="pinyin">guójiā</span>).</p>

  <h3 id="structure-1">Structure</h3>

  <div>
    <div class="deux">
      A1，A2⋯⋯<span class="hanzist">等</span> + [Category]
    </div>
  </div>

  <h3 id="examples-1">Examples</h3>

  <div class="exemple">
    <ul>
      <li><span class="hanzi">长城、故宫 等 地方 都 是 北京 有名 的 景点 。</span> <span class="pinyin">Chángchéng, Gùgōng děng dìfang dōu shì Běijīng yǒumíng de jǐngdiǎn.</span><br/><span> The Great Wall, the Forbidden City, etc. are all famous scenic spots in Beijing.</span></li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">北京、上海、广州 等 城市 是 中国 最 发达 的 城市 。</span> <span class="pinyin">Běijīng, Shànghǎi, Guǎngzhōu děng chéngshì shì Zhōngguó zuì fādá de chéngshì.</span><br/><span> Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and so on are the most developed cities in China.</span></li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">牛津、剑桥 等 大学 都 是 最 有名 的 英国 大学 。</span> <span class="pinyin">Niújīn, Jiànqiáo děng dàxué dōu shì zuì yǒumíng de Yīngguó dàxué.</span><br/><span> Oxford, Cambridge and so on are the most famous British Universities.</span></li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">中国、印度、巴西 等 国家 都 不 是 发达 国家 。</span> <span class="pinyin">Zhōngguó, Yìndù, Bāxī děng guójiā dōu bù shì fādá guójiā.</span><br/><span> China, India, Brazil and so on are not developed countries.</span></li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">WTO, WHO 等 组织 都 是 国际 组织。</span> <span class="pinyin">WTO, WHO děng zǔzhī dōu shì guójì zǔzhī.</span><br/><span>WTO, WHO and so on are all international organizations.</span></li>
    </ul>
  </div>

  <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>

  <ul>
    <li><a href="Ending_a_Non-Exhaustive_List_with_&quot;shenme_de&quot;" title="wikilink">Ending a Non-Exhaustive List with "shenme de"</a></li>

    <li><a href="&quot;Stuff_like_that&quot;_with_&quot;zhileide&quot;" title="wikilink">"Stuff like that" with "zhileide"</a></li>
  </ul>

  <h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further reading</h2>

  <h3 id="books">Books</h3>

  <ul>
    <li>Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (<span class="hanzi">汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级</span>)(p. 304)</li>
  </ul>
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