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ChineseGrammarWiki


			
				
					
						
						
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<h1>Non-exhaustive lists with "dengdeng"
</h1>

<p>等等 (děng děng) or simply 等 (děng), is just like saying “and so on” or “etc.” in English, but it's just a bit more formal. Both are placed after listing a series of items (generally with a list that exceeds two items).
</p>
<h2>Contents</h2>

  
<div class="contents"><ul><li><span style="font-size: 20px;">1 Structure </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 20px;">2 Examples </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 20px;">3 See also </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 20px;">4 Sources and further reading </span></li>
<ul><li><span style="font-size: 20px;">4.1 Books</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
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<h3>Structure</h3>

<p>The basic structure is easy. Just make a list of things and add 等 (děng) or 等等 (děng děng) to the end of the list. It's the same as in English when we use "etc." at the end of a list.
</p>
<div class="deux">A1，A2 ⋯⋯ 等 / 等等</div>

<h3>Examples</h3>

<div class="exemple"><ul><li><span style="font-size: 20px;">西瓜、菠萝、葡萄、等等 ，我 都 喜欢 吃 。
Xīguā, bōluó, pútáo, děngděng, wǒ dōu xǐhuan chī.
Watermelons, pineapples, apples, grapes, and so on, I like them all. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 20px;">我 爸爸 很 喜欢 运动 ，比如 跑步、游泳、打羽毛球、等等 。
Wǒ bàba hěn xǐhuan yùndòng, bǐrú pǎobù, yóuyǒng, dǎ yǔmáoqiú, děngděng.
My father likes different sports, for example, running, swimming, playing badminton, etc.
Bruce Li、Jackie Chan、Jet Li </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 20px;">等 都 是 有名 的 功夫 明星 。
Bruce Li, Jackie Chan, Jet Li děng dōu shì yǒumíng de gōngfu míngxīng.
Bruce Li, Jackie Chan, Jet Li, etc. are all famous Chinese martial arts stars. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 20px;">我们 公司 有 市场部、设计部、技术部、 等等 。
Wǒmen gōngsī yǒu shìchǎng bù, shèjì bù, jìshù bù děngděng.
Our company has marketing department, design department, technology department, etc. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 20px;">联合国 的 工作 语言 有 英语、法语、西班牙语 等 。
Liánhéguó de gōngzuò yǔyán yǒu Yīngyǔ, Fǎyǔ, Xībānyáyǔ děng.
The working languages of the UN are English, French, Spanish, etc.</span><br/></li>
</ul>
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<p>等 (děng) can also be added to the end of a list and is followed by a noun that represents the list.</p>
 <p>In this case, you can only use 等:
</p>
<div class="deux">A1，A2 ⋯⋯ 等 + [Category] + Predicate</div>

<p>The predicate part of the pattern can be a verb or an adjective.</p>

<div class="exemple"><ul><li><span style="font-size: 20px;">长城、故宫 等 景点 都 是 北京 有名 的 景点 。
Chángchéng, Gùgōng děng jǐngdiǎn dōu shì Běijīng yǒumíng de jǐngdiǎn.
The Great Wall, the Forbidden City, etc. are all famous tourist attractions in Beijing. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 20px;">北京、上海、广州 等 城市 的 经济 都 很 发达 。
Běijīng, Shànghǎi, Guǎngzhōu děng chéngshì de jīngjì dōu hěn fādá.
Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and so on are economically developed cities. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 20px;">牛津、剑桥 等 大学 是 英国 最 有名 的大学 。
Niújīn, Jiànqiáo děng dàxué shì Yīngguó zuì yǒumíng de dàxué.
Oxford, Cambridge and so on are the most famous British Universities. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 20px;">中国、印度、巴西 等 国家 都 是 发展中 国家 。
Zhōngguó, Yìndù, Bāxī děng guójiā dōu shì fāzhǎn zhōng guójiā.
China, India, Brazil and so on are all developing countries. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 20px;">食品安全、环保、和平 等 话题 都是 热点 话题 。
Shípǐn ānquán, huánbǎo, hépíng děng huàtí dōu shì rèdiǎn huàtí.
Food safety, environmental protection, peace and so on are all hot topics.</span><br/></li>
</ul>
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<h3>See also</h3>

<div class="See-also"><ul><li><span style="font-size: 20px;">Ending a Non-Exhaustive List with "shenme de" </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 20px;">"Stuff like that" with "zhileide"</span><br/></li>
</ul>
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<h3>Sources and further reading</h3>

<h4>Books</h4>

<div class="See-also"><ul><li><span style="font-size: 20px;">Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级) (pp. 304) [ →buy]</span><br/></li>
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