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= Result complements =


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<li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Result_complement_%22-wan%22_for_finishing Result complement &quot;-wan&quot; for finishing] (A2)</li>
<li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_not_knowing_how_to_do_something_using_%22hao%22 Expressing not knowing how to do something using &quot;hao&quot;] (B1)</li>
<li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Using_%22bei%22_sentences Using &quot;bei&quot; sentences] (B1)</li></ul>


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[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_result Expressing result], [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Describing_actions Describing actions]

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[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%A5%BD 好], [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%BA%86 了]

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Result complements are one of the most common and useful [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Complement types of complements]. Often the complement is simply an adjective like 好 (hǎo) or a single syllable like 完 (wán). They indicate that an action has led to a certain result and make that result clear to the listener.

<div id="toc" class="toc">

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== Contents ==

<span class="toctoggle"> [[[#|hide]]] </span>

</div>
* [[#Using_Adjectives|<span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Using Adjectives</span>]]
** [[#Structure|<span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Structure</span>]]
** [[#Examples|<span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Examples</span>]]
* [[#Using_One-Syllable_Verbs|<span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Using One-Syllable Verbs</span>]]
** [[#Structure_2|<span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Structure</span>]]
** [[#Examples_2|<span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Examples</span>]]
* [[#Compared_with_Potential_Complement|<span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Compared with Potential Complement</span>]]
* [[#Used_in_.E6.8A.8A_Sentences|<span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Used in 把 Sentences</span>]]
* [[#See_also|<span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span>]]
* [[#Sources_and_further_reading|<span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Sources and further reading</span>]]
** [[#Books|<span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Books</span>]]
** [[#Websites|<span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Websites</span>]]


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== <span id="Using_Adjectives" class="mw-headline">Using Adjectives</span> ==

好 (hǎo) implies that something is done to ''completion'' or done ''well''. Forming a result complement with 好 has a very similar meaning to [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%22-wan%22_result_complement forming one with 完]. It expresses that the action has been completed successfully.

错 (cuò) is used to express that an action has been performed incorrectly in some way, resulting in a mistake (错). This pattern covers what is often expressed with the adverb &quot;incorrectly&quot; in English.

Other [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Adjective adjectives] commonly used as result complements include: 晚 (wǎn), 饱 (bǎo), 坏 (huài), 清楚 (qīngchu), 明白 (míngbai), 干净 (gānjìng), 破 (pò).

=== <span id="Structure" class="mw-headline">Structure</span> ===

For the basic structure, you'll almost always see a 了 after the complement:

<div class="jiegou">

Subj. + Verb + Adj. + 了 (+ Obj.)


</div>
To negate a result complement, use 没 instead of 不:

<div class="jiegou">

Subj. + 没 + Verb + Adj. (+ Obj.)


</div>
=== <span id="Examples" class="mw-headline">Examples</span> ===

<div class="liju">

* 你 吃 ''好'' '''了''' 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ chī ''hǎo'' '''le''' ma?</span><span class="trans">Are you done eating?</span>
* 对不起 ，我 记 ''错'' '''了''' 时间 。<span class="pinyin">Duìbuqǐ, wǒ jì ''cuò'' '''le''' shíjiān.</span><span class="trans">Sorry, I got the time wrong.</span>
* 你 来 ''晚'' '''了''' ，我们 已经 关门 '''了''' 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ lái ''wǎn'' '''le''', wǒmen yǐjīng guānmén '''le'''.</span><span class="trans">You came too late. We're already closed.</span>
* 他 玩 ''坏'' '''了''' 哥哥 的 玩具 。<span class="pinyin">Tā wán ''huài'' '''le''' gēge de wánjù.</span><span class="trans">He broke his older brother's toy.</span>
* 我 '''没''' 吃 ''饱'' 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ '''méi''' chī ''bǎo''.</span><span class="trans">I didn't eat enough.</span>
* 他 还 '''没''' 想 ''好'' 。<span class="pinyin">Tā hái '''méi''' xiǎng ''hǎo''.</span><span class="trans">He hasn't thought it through yet.</span>
* 我们 '''没''' 听 ''清楚'' ，请 再 说 一遍 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen '''méi''' tīng ''qīngchu'', qǐng zài shuō yī biàn.</span><span class="trans">We didn't hear it clearly. Please say it again.</span>


</div>
When using result complements, it's very common to make the object a [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Topic-comment_sentences topic]. This means the object is moved to the beginning of the sentence and the subject is often omitted.

Some examples:

<div class="liju">

* '''这 个 字''' 写 ''错'' 了。<span class="pinyin">'''Zhège zì''' xiě ''cuò'' le.</span><span class="trans">You wrote this character wrong.</span>
* '''杯子''' 摔 ''坏'' 了 。<span class="pinyin">'''Bēizi''' shuāi ''huài'' le.</span><span class="trans">The cup is broken.</span>
* '''房间''' 打扫 ''干净'' 了 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">'''Fángjiān''' dǎsǎo ''gānjìng'' le ma?</span><span class="trans">Is your room all cleaned up?</span>


</div>
== <span id="Using_One-Syllable_Verbs" class="mw-headline">Using One-Syllable Verbs</span> ==

Besides adjectives, there are a few single-syllable verbs which can also be used as result complements. Some examples include [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Result_complements_%22-dao%22_and_%22-jian%22 到 (dào), 见 (jiàn)], 懂 (dǒng), 会 (huì), 走 (zǒu), 掉 (diào). There really aren't a lot of these, which is part of the reason why these words are usually seen as one verb instead of two verbs.

=== <span id="Structure_2" class="mw-headline">Structure</span> ===

For the basic structure, you'll often see a 了 after the complement:

<div class="jiegou">

Subj. + Verb + [One-syllable Verb] +了 (+ Obj.)


</div>
=== <span id="Examples_2" class="mw-headline">Examples</span> ===

<div class="liju">

* 你们 都 ''听懂'' 了 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen dōu ''tīngdǒng'' le ma?</span><span class="trans">Do you understand all of it?</span>
* 我 看 了 ，但是 没 ''看懂'' 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ kàn le, dànshì méi ''kàndǒng''.</span><span class="trans">I read it, but I didn't really understand it.</span>


</div>
<div class="liju">

* 你 ''踩到'' 了 我 的 脚 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ ''cǎidào'' le wǒ de jiǎo.</span><span class="trans">You're stepping on my foot.</span>
* 我 不小心 ''撞到'' 了 墙 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ bù xiǎoxīn ''zhuàngdào'' le qiáng.</span><span class="trans">I hit the wall by accident.</span>


</div>
<div class="liju">

* 我 女儿 ''学会'' 了 数数 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ nǚ'ér ''xuéhuì'' le shǔ shù.</span><span class="trans">My daughter has learned how to count numbers.</span>
* 我 爸爸 还没 ''学会'' 用 智能 手机 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ bàba hái méi ''xuéhuì'' yòng zhìnéng shǒujī.</span><span class="trans">My father hasn't learned how to use a smart phone yet.</span>


</div>
<div class="liju">

* 老师 ''拿走'' 了 我 的 iPad 。<span class="pinyin">Lǎoshī ''názǒu'' le wǒ de iPad.</span><span class="trans">The teacher took away my iPad.</span>
* 小偷 ''偷走'' 了 我 的 钱包 。<span class="pinyin">Xiǎotōu ''tōuzǒu'' le wǒ de qiánbāo.</span><span class="trans">The thief stole my wallet.</span>


</div>
<div class="liju">

* 他 不小心 ''推倒'' 了 一 个 老人 。<span class="pinyin">Tā bù xiǎoxīn ''tuīdǎo'' le yī gè lǎorén.</span><span class="trans">He pushed over an old person on accident.</span>
* 你 ''撞倒'' 了 我 的 自行车 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ ''zhuàngdǎo'' le wǒ de zìxíngchē.</span><span class="trans">You knocked over my bike.</span>


</div>
<div class="liju">

* 谁 ''扔掉'' 了 我 的 袜子 ？<span class="pinyin">Shéi ''rēngdiào'' le wǒ de wàzi?</span><span class="trans">Who threw away my socks?</span>
* 我 ''卖掉'' 了 我 的 旧 手机 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ ''màidiào'' le wǒ de jiù shǒujī.</span><span class="trans">I sold my old cell phone.</span>


</div>
== <span id="Compared_with_Potential_Complement" class="mw-headline">Compared with Potential Complement</span> ==

<div class="liju">

{|
|+ Result and Potential Complements
! Result Complement
! Aff. Potential Complement
! Neg. Potential Complement
|-
| 做 完
| 做 ''得'' 完
| 做 ''不'' 完
|-
| 听 懂
| 听 ''得'' 懂
| 听 ''不'' 懂
|-
| 看 清楚
| 看 ''得'' 清楚
| 看 ''不'' 清楚
|-
| 洗 干净
| 洗 ''得'' 干净
| 洗 ''不'' 干净
|}


</div>
== <span id="Used_in_.E6.8A.8A_Sentences" class="mw-headline">Used in 把 Sentences</span> ==

Although we have avoided [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Ba_sentence 把 sentences] in this article for the sake of simplicity, you may have noticed that sentences which feature result complements often also use 把. This is because 把 sentences and result complements work particularly well together, as they both deal with the result of an action or the &quot;disposal&quot; of an object. Apart from result complements involving perception and psychological verbs, most result compounds work nicely in 把 sentences.

<div class="liju">

{|
|+ Result complements in 把 sentences
! Subject
! ''把''
! Object
! RC compound verb
!

|-
| 我
| ''把''
| 杯子
| 摔 坏 了
| 。
|-
| 他
| ''把''
| 我 的 电脑
| 修 好 了
| 。
|-
| 小偷
| ''把''
| 我 的 钱包
| 偷 走 了
| 。
|-
| 我们
| ''把''
| 房间
| 打扫 干净 了
| 。
|}


</div>
== <span id="See_also" class="mw-headline">See also</span> ==

* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Result_complement_%22xiaqu%22 Result complement &quot;xiaqu&quot;]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Advanced_result_complements Advanced result complements]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Result_complement_%22-wan%22_for_finishing Result complement &quot;-wan&quot; for finishing]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Result_complements_%22dao%22_and_%22jian%22 Result complements &quot;dao&quot; and &quot;jian&quot;]

== <span id="Sources_and_further_reading" class="mw-headline">Sources and further reading</span> ==

=== <span id="Books" class="mw-headline">Books</span> ===

* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/A_Practical_Chinese_Grammar_For_Foreigners_(%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95) A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法)] (pp. 273 - 284) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Chinese:_An_Essential_Grammar,_Second_Edition Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition] (pp. 97-9) [http://amzn.to/2h67UYa →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_2_(3rd_ed) Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)] (pp. 43- 4) [http://amzn.to/2femBuy →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_1 Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1] (pp. 233-4) [http://amzn.to/2fdV2l3 →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_2_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC2) New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2)] (pp. 87 - 88) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561911297/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561911297 →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_3_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC3) New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)] (pp. 35) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=756191251X →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/40_Lessons_for_Basic_Chinese_Course_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD40%E8%AF%BE%E4%B8%8A%E5%86%8C%EF%BC%89 40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册）] (pp. 223) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&linkCode=as2&tag=allset-20 →buy]

=== <span id="Websites" class="mw-headline">Websites</span> ===

* Mandarin Essential Grammar (Yale): [http://comet.cls.yale.edu/mandarin/content/result/grammar/result.htm The Complement of Result]

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