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= Non-exhaustive lists with &quot;dengdeng&quot; =


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<li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22stuff_like_that%22_with_%22zhileide%22 Expressing &quot;stuff like that&quot; with &quot;zhileide&quot;] (B1)</li>
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等等 (děng děng), or simply 等 (děng), is just like saying “and so on” or “etc.” in English but just a bit more formal. Both are placed after listing a series of items (generally with a list that exceeds two items).

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== Contents ==

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* [[#Structure|<span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Structure</span>]]
* [[#Examples|<span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Examples</span>]]
* [[#See_also|<span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span>]]
* [[#Sources_and_further_reading|<span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Sources and further reading</span>]]
** [[#Books|<span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Books</span>]]


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== <span id="Structure" class="mw-headline">Structure</span> ==

The basic structure is easy. Just make a list of things and add 等 (děng) or 等等 (děng děng) to the end of the list. It's the same as in English when we use &quot;etc.&quot; at the end of a list.

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A1，A2 ⋯⋯ 等 / 等等


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== <span id="Examples" class="mw-headline">Examples</span> ==

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* 西瓜、菠萝、葡萄、''等等'' ，我 都 喜欢 吃 。 <span class="pinyin">Xīguā, bōluó, pútáo, ''děngděng'', wǒ dōu xǐhuan chī.</span><span class="trans">Watermelons, pineapples, apples, grapes, and so on, I like them all.</span>
* 我 爸爸 很 喜欢 运动 ，比如 跑步、游泳、打羽毛球、''等等'' 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ bàba hěn xǐhuan yùndòng, bǐrú pǎobù, yóuyǒng, dǎ yǔmáoqiú, ''děngděng''.</span><span class="trans">My father likes different sports, for example, running, swimming, playing badminton, etc.</span>
* <span class="spaced">Bruce Li、Jackie Chan、Jet Li </span> ''等'' 都 是 有名 的 功夫 明星 。 <span class="pinyin">Bruce Li, Jackie Chan, Jet Li ''děng'' dōu shì yǒumíng de gōngfu míngxīng.</span><span class="trans">Bruce Li, Jackie Chan, Jet Li, etc. are all famous Chinese martial arts stars.</span>
* 我们 公司 有 市场部、设计部、技术部、 ''等等'' 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen gōngsī yǒu shìchǎng bù, shèjì bù, jìshù bù ''děngděng''.</span><span class="trans">Our company has marketing department, design department, technology department, etc.</span>
* 联合国 的 工作 语言 有 英语、法语、西班牙语 ''等'' 。<span class="pinyin">Liánhéguó de gōngzuò yǔyán yǒu Yīngyǔ, Fǎyǔ, Xībānyáyǔ ''děng''.</span><span class="trans">The working languages of the UN are English, French, Spanish, etc.</span>


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等 (děng) can also be added to the end of a list and is followed by a noun that represents the list. In this case, you can only use 等:

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A1，A2 ⋯⋯ 等 + [Category] + Predicate


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The [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Predicate predicate] part of the pattern can be a verb or an adjective.

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* 长城、故宫 ''等'' 景点 都 是 北京 有名 的 景点 。 <span class="pinyin">Chángchéng, Gùgōng ''děng'' jǐngdiǎn dōu shì Běijīng yǒumíng de jǐngdiǎn.</span><span class="trans">The Great Wall, the Forbidden City, etc. are all famous tourist attractions in Beijing.</span>
* 北京、上海、广州 ''等'' 城市 的 经济 都 很 发达 。<span class="pinyin">Běijīng, Shànghǎi, Guǎngzhōu ''děng'' chéngshì de jīngjì dōu hěn fādá.</span><span class="trans">Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and so on are economically developed cities.</span>
* 牛津、剑桥 ''等'' 大学 是 英国 最 有名 的大学 。<span class="pinyin">Niújīn, Jiànqiáo ''děng'' dàxué shì Yīngguó zuì yǒumíng de dàxué.</span><span class="trans">Oxford, Cambridge and so on are the most famous British Universities.</span>
* 中国、印度、巴西 ''等'' 国家 都 是 发展中 国家 。<span class="pinyin">Zhōngguó, Yìndù, Bāxī ''děng'' guójiā dōu shì fāzhǎn zhōng guójiā.</span><span class="trans">China, India, Brazil and so on are all developing countries.</span>
* 食品安全、环保、和平 ''等'' 话题 都是 热点 话题 。<span class="pinyin">Shípǐn ānquán, huánbǎo, hépíng ''děng'' huàtí dōu shì rèdiǎn huàtí.</span><span class="trans">Food safety, environmental protection, peace and so on are all hot topics.</span>


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== <span id="See_also" class="mw-headline">See also</span> ==

* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Ending_a_Non-Exhaustive_List_with_%22shenme_de%22 Ending a Non-Exhaustive List with &quot;shenme de&quot;]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%22Stuff_like_that%22_with_%22zhileide%22 &quot;Stuff like that&quot; with &quot;zhileide&quot;]

== <span id="Sources_and_further_reading" class="mw-headline">Sources and further reading</span> ==

=== <span id="Books" class="mw-headline">Books</span> ===

* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Chinese_Grammar_-_Broken_down_into_100_items_-_Basic_and_Intermediate_Levels_(%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E7%99%BE%E9%A1%B9%E8%AE%B2%E7%BB%83_-_%E5%88%9D%E4%B8%AD%E7%BA%A7) Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)] (pp. 304) [ →buy]

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