ChineseGrammarWiki/Programmes/B2.old/Grammar-wiki-B2-43.txt

{{Grammar Box}} 

Taiwanese Mandarin differs slightly from Mainland Mandarin. A characteristic of Taiwanese Mandarin is the usage of 有.

== Completed Verbs ==

In the Chinese language, there are verbs called “completed verbs.” These verbs are usually followed by a compliment, as they are not verbs that are ongoing. This is referring to the past tense.

=== Structure ===

<div class="jiegou">

Subj. + 有 + Verb + Obj.

</div>

=== Examples ===

<div class="liju">

*你 <em>有</em> 说 错 这 句 话 。<span class="trans">You said this sentence wrong.</span>
*老板 <em>有</em> 学 会  上海话 。<span class="trans">The boss studied the Shanghai dialect.</span>
*我们 <em>有</em> 听 懂 你的 话 。<span class="trans">I understood what you said.</span>
*我 <em>有</em> 看到 她 跟 你 前男友 在 一起。<span class="trans">I saw her and your ex-boyfriend together.</span>
*我们 都 <em>有</em> 听到 宝宝 哭。<span class="trans">We all heard the baby cry.</span>

</div>

== Action Verbs ==

There are also verbs categorized as “action verbs.” In Taiwanese Mandarin, when 有 is put in front of these verbs, it actually indicates that the verb is still continuing.

=== Structure ===

<div class="jiegou">

Subj. + 有 +  Verb + Obj.

</div>

=== Examples ===

<div class="liju">

*我 <em>有</em> 吃 药，可是 感冒 还是 美好 。<span class="trans">I have taken medicine, but my cold hasn’t gotten better.</span>
*他 <em>有</em> 告诉 我 你的 电话 号码 。<span class="trans">He has told me your phone number.</span>
*我 <em>有</em> 考虑 你 提的 建议。<span class="trans">I have considered the suggestion you proposed.  </span>
*她 <em>有</em> 拿 你的 钱 吗？<span class="trans">Has she taken your money? </span>

</div>

== Adj. that follow 有 with 到 ==

Adjectives can also follow 有. These adjectives are all in the past tense, with a 到 following the adjective.

=== Structure ===

<div class="jiegou">

Subj. + 有 + Adj. + 到

</div>

=== Examples ===

<div class="liju">

* 第一次 做 这么 多 运动，真的 <em>有</em> 累 <strong>到</strong> 。<span class="trans">The first time I exercised so much, I was so tired.</span>
* 他 突然 提出 跟 我 分手，我 真的 <em>有</em> 伤 <strong>到</strong> 。<span class="trans">He asked to break up out of nowhere. I was so hurt.</span>
* 你 买 了 那么 多 二手 家具，<em>有</em> 省 <strong>到</strong> 吗？<span class="trans">You bought so many second-hand furniture. Does it save you a lot of money? </span>
* 你们 突然 大叫 着 跑 出来，我 真的<em>有</em> 吓 <strong>到</strong> ！<span class="trans">You guys suddenly came running out screaming loudly. I was so scared! </span>
* 这 家 店 今天 全场 打 一 折，我 买 了 好 多，<em>有</em> 赚 <strong>到</strong>！<span class="trans">Everything in this store is 90% off today. I bought a lot. It was so cheap! </span>

</div>

== Adj. not in the past tense using 有 ==

Some adjectives can follow 有 and are not used as the past tense. 

=== Structure ===

<div class="jiegou">

Subj. + 有 + Adj.

</div>

=== Examples ===

<div class="liju">

* 你 跟 你 妈妈 <em>有</em> 像 耶 ！<span class="trans">You and your mom look alike! </span>
* 他 那天 <em>有</em> 生气。<span class="trans">He was angry the other day.</span>
* 我 <em>有</em>  紧张 吗？<span class="trans">Was I nervous? </span>
* 她 当然 <em>有</em> 失望，你 又 忘了 她 的 生日！<span class="trans">Of course she was disappointed. You forgot her birthday again! </span>
* 你 那么 大声 说话，我们 都 <em>有</em> 害怕。<span class="trans">We were all scared when you shout at us.</span>

</div>

== 了 after the verb ==

When adding a 了after the verb, you’re stressing that the action is completed.

=== Structure ===

<div class="jiegou">

Subj. + 有 + Verb + 了

</div>

=== Examples ===

<div class="liju">

*我 刚才 <em>有</em>上 厕所 <strong>了</strong>。<span class="trans">I just now finished using the restaurant.</span>
*他 <em>有</em> 吃 中饭 <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="trans">He finished eating lunch.</span>
*老板 早上<em>有</em> 喝 咖啡 <strong>了</strong>。<span class="trans">The boss drank coffee this morning.</span>
*我 <em>有</em> 发 微信 给 你 <strong>了</strong>。<span class="trans">I already sent you a WeChat.</span>
*我们 昨晚 <em>有</em> 吵架 <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="trans">We fought last night.</span>

</div>

== 过 after the verb ==

=== Structure ===

<div class="jiegou">

Subj. + 有 + Verb + 过 + Obj.

</div>

=== Examples ===

<div class="liju">

*我 <em>有</em> 去 <strong>过</strong> 中国。<span class="trans">I have been to China.</span>
*他 <em>有</em> 吃 <strong>过</strong> 小笼包。<span class="trans">He has eaten steamed dumplings.</span>
*你 <em>有</em> 见 <strong>过</strong> 那 个 人 吗？<span class="trans">Have you seen that person before?</span>
*我 <em>有</em> 做 <strong>过</strong> 这样 的 工作。<span class="trans">I have done work like this before.</span>
*你 <em>有</em> 自己 做 <strong>过</strong> 饭 吗？<span class="trans">Have you ever cooked for yourself?</span>
*你 <em>有</em> 学 <strong>过</strong> 中文？<span class="trans">Have you ever studied Chinese?</span>
*你 <em>有</em> 看 <strong>过</strong> 这 个 电影 吗？<span class="trans">Have you seen this movie?</span>
*我 <em>有</em> 学 <strong>过</strong> 这 个 词。<span class="trans">I have studied this word.</span>
*我 <em>有</em> 用 <strong>过</strong> 电脑，我 会 用。<span class="trans">I have used a computer before, I can use it.</span>
*我 <em>有</em> 买 <strong>过</strong> 这里 的 巧克力，不 好吃。<span class="trans">I have bought the chocolate here, it's not good.</span>

</div>


== 在 after 有 ==

In Standard Mandarin, using 在 before a verb is the equivalent to the English –ing. When used with 有 in front of it, it is usually referring to habitual action, or an action that can be stopped. This is not in the past tense, but rather a continuing action. 

=== Structure ===

<div class="jiegou">

Subj. + 有 + 在 + Verb

</div>

=== Examples ===

<div class="liju">

*那 时候 你 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 工作 吗？<span class="trans">At that time, were you working? </span>
*这家 店 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 卖 小孩子的 衣服 吗？<span class="trans">Is this store selling children’s clothes?</span>
*我 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 考虑 跟 她 分手 。<span class="trans">I am considering breaking up with her.</span>
*我 妈妈 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 吃素 。<span class="trans"> My mom is a vegetarian.</span>
*你的 学生 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 写 日记 吗？<span class="trans"> Do your students write diaries? </span>

</div>

== Sources and further reading ==

=== Books ===

{{Source|A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法)|138|link=http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA}}
*[[Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition]] (pp. 59-60) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0415372615 →buy]
*[[Chinese Grammar Without Tears (简明汉语语法学习手册) ]] (pp. 73-4) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B0041UGAJU&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B0041UGAJU →buy]
*[[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)]] (pp. 83- 4) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709 →buy] 
*[[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1]] (pp. 345-7) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276792/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276792 →buy]
*[[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2]] (pp. 49-51) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276881/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0887276881 →buy]
*[[Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide]] (pp. 76-7, 230-2) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0415700108 →buy] 
*[[New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2)]] (pp. 175-6) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561911297/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561911297 →buy]
*[[40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册）]] (p. 188)[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&linkCode=as2&tag=allset-20 →buy]

=== Websites ===

*ChinesePod: [http://chinesepod.com/lessons/%E8%BF%87guo Qing Wen - 过(guo)] (free podcast content)
*[http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/60384/1/101501.pdf]

{{Used for|Referring to the past}}
{{Used for|Referring to past experiences}}
[[Category:B2 grammar points]]
[[Category:Taiwanese Mandarin]]
{{Basic Grammar|有|B2|有 + Verb + 过|我 <em>有</em> 去 过 中国。|grammar point|ASGY2D79}}
{{Rel char|过}}
{{Similar|Expressing experiences with "guo"}}
{{Translation|have}}
{{POS|Particles}}