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Niveau 1: Introduction et phonétique: Les tons du pinyin.html

Niveau 1: Introduction et phonétique: Les tons du pinyin.html 64 KB
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  3.     <title>Niveau 1: Introduction et phonétique: Les tons du pinyin</title>
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  249. 		<div class="contents"><div class="no-overflow"><p>En chinois, à chaque
    250. 

  250.  caractère correspond une syllabe. Les mots chinois sont composés en 
    251. 

  251. général d'une ou deux syllabes, parfois trois, rarement quatre. Chaque 
    252. 

  252. syllabe a un sens. Par exemple, dans le mot 'bonjour' "nǐhǎo", "nǐ" 
    253. 

  253. signifie 'tu', 'toi' et "hǎo" signifie 'aller bien'. Pour dire bonjour 
    254. 

  254. en chinois, on souhaite à l'interlocuteur de se porter bien, comme nous 
    255. 

  255. souhaitons une bonne (bon) journée (jour) en français. 
    256. 

  256. 

  257. <br> <strong>En chinois mandarin, chaque syllabe est accentuée.</strong>
    258. 

  258.  C'est-à-dire qu'elle subit une variation entre le grave et l'aigu. 
    259. 

  259. C'est un point difficile pour le débutant occidental. La perception 
    260. 

  260. (distinguer à l'oreille) et la réalisation (prononciation) des tons 
    261. 

  261. s'acquièrent avec la pratique et prennent en général plusieurs mois. Il 
    262. 

  262. ne faut donc pas se décourager.</p>
    263. 

  263. <p>En chinois, il existe quatre intonations distinctes, on parle des <trong>quatre
    264. 

  264.  tons du chinois. Ces quatre tons sont notés avec des accents sur chaque
    265. 

  265.  syllabe. Il se peut qu'une syllabe ne soit pas accentuée. On parle 
    266. 

  266. alors de <strong>ton neutre</strong>.</trong></p>
    267. 

  267. <p>Exemple des quatre tons + du ton neutre avec la syllabe 'ma' :</p>
    268. 

  268. <p>- 1er ton : <span class="pinyin">mā</span> <span class="hanzi">妈</span> (maman) <span style="color: red;">c'est le <span><strong>ton haut </strong></span> ou <strong>premier ton</strong></span><br> écoutez : <audio tabindex="0" controls="controls"> <source src="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/ma1.mp3"> <source src="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/ma1.ogg"> <object type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/dewplayer.swf" id="dewplayer" name="dewplayer" width="200" height="20"><param name="movie" value="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/00/players/dewplayer/dewplayer.swf"><param name="flashvars" value="mp3=https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/00/audio/mots/ma1.mp3"><param name="wmode" value="transparent"></object> </audio></p>
    269. 

  269. <p>- 2e ton : <span class="pinyin">má</span> <span class="hanzi">麻</span> (chanvre) <span style="color: red;">c'est le <strong>ton montant</strong> ou <strong>deuxième ton</strong></span><br> écoutez : <audio tabindex="0" controls="controls"> <source src="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/ma2.mp3"> <source src="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/ma2.ogg"> <object type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/dewplayer.swf" id="dewplayer" name="dewplayer" width="200" height="20"><param name="movie" value="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/00/players/dewplayer/dewplayer.swf"><param name="flashvars" value="mp3=https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/00/audio/mots/ma2.mp3"><param name="wmode" value="transparent"></object></audio></p>
    270. 

  270. <p>- 3e ton : <span class="pinyin">mǎ</span> <span class="hanzi">马</span> (cheval) <span style="color: red;">c'est le <strong>ton bas</strong> ou <strong>troisième ton</strong></span><br> écoutez : <audio tabindex="0" controls="controls"> <source src="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/ma3.mp3"> <source src="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/ma3.ogg"> <object type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/dewplayer.swf" id="dewplayer" name="dewplayer" width="200" height="20"><param name="movie" value="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/00/players/dewplayer/dewplayer.swf"><param name="flashvars" value="mp3=https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/00/audio/mots/ma3.mp3"><param name="wmode" value="transparent"></object></audio></p>
    271. 

  271. <p>- 4e ton : <span class="pinyin">mà</span> <span class="hanzi">骂</span> (insulter) <span style="color: red;">c'est le <strong>ton descendant</strong> ou <strong>quatrième ton</strong></span><br> écoutez : <audio tabindex="0" controls="controls"> <source src="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/ma4.mp3"> <source src="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/ma4.ogg"> <object type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/dewplayer.swf" id="dewplayer" name="dewplayer" width="200" height="20"><param name="movie" value="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/00/players/dewplayer/dewplayer.swf"><param name="flashvars" value="mp3=https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/00/audio/mots/ma4.mp3"><param name="wmode" value="transparent"></object></audio></p>
    272. 

  272. <p>- 5e ton : <span class="pinyin">ma</span> <span class="hanzi">吗</span> (particule interrogative : se place à la fin d'une phrase pour la transformer en question) <span style="color: red;">c'est le <strong>ton neutre</strong> ou <strong>cinquième ton</strong></span>. Il s'agit en fait de l'absence de ton. On l'appelle donc rarement 5e ton. Il est préférable de l'appeler ton neutre. <br> écoutez : <audio tabindex="0" controls="controls"> <source src="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/ma5.mp3"> <source src="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/ma5.ogg"> <object type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/dewplayer.swf" id="dewplayer" name="dewplayer" width="200" height="20"><param name="movie" value="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/00/players/dewplayer/dewplayer.swf"><param name="flashvars" value="mp3=https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/00/audio/mots/ma5.mp3"><param name="wmode" value="transparent"></object></audio></p>
    273. 

  273. <p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Que sont les quatre tons du chinois ?</span></p></div></div><div class="answeroption"><div class="form-group row  fitem  ">
    274. 

  274.     <div class="col-md-3">
    275. 

  275.     </div>
    276. 

  276.     <div class="col-md-9 checkbox">
    277. 

  277.         <label class="form-check-label">
    278. 

  278.         
    279. 

  279.         <input name="answerid" id="id_answerid_26" value="26" type="radio">
    280. 

  280.             Je ne sais pas. 
    281. 

  281.         </label>
    282. 

  282.         <span class="text-nowrap">
    283. 

  283.             
    284. 

  284.             
    285. 

  285.             
    286. 

  286.         </span>
    287. 

  287.         <div class="form-control-feedback" id="id_error_answerid" style="display: none;">
    288. 

  288.             
    289. 

  289.         </div>
    290. 

  290.     </div>
    291. 

  291. </div></div><div class="answeroption"><div class="form-group row  fitem  ">
    292. 

  292.     <div class="col-md-3">
    293. 

  293.     </div>
    294. 

  294.     <div class="col-md-9 checkbox">
    295. 

  295.         <label class="form-check-label">
    296. 

  296.         
    297. 

  297.         <input name="answerid" id="id_answerid_23" value="23" type="radio">
    298. 

  298.             Des accents sur les syllabes. 
    299. 

  299.         </label>
    300. 

  300.         <span class="text-nowrap">
    301. 

  301.             
    302. 

  302.             
    303. 

  303.             
    304. 

  304.         </span>
    305. 

  305.         <div class="form-control-feedback" id="id_error_answerid" style="display: none;">
    306. 

  306.             
    307. 

  307.         </div>
    308. 

  308.     </div>
    309. 

  309. </div></div><div class="answeroption"><div class="form-group row  fitem  ">
    310. 

  310.     <div class="col-md-3">
    311. 

  311.     </div>
    312. 

  312.     <div class="col-md-9 checkbox">
    313. 

  313.         <label class="form-check-label">
    314. 

  314.         
    315. 

  315.         <input name="answerid" id="id_answerid_24" value="24" type="radio">
    316. 

  316.             L'intonation que peut prendre chaque syllabe du chinois mandarin.
    317. 

  317.         </label>
    318. 

  318.         <span class="text-nowrap">
    319. 

  319.             
    320. 

  320.             
    321. 

  321.             
    322. 

  322.         </span>
    323. 

  323.         <div class="form-control-feedback" id="id_error_answerid" style="display: none;">
    324. 

  324.             
    325. 

  325.         </div>
    326. 

  326.     </div>
    327. 

  327. </div></div><div class="answeroption"><div class="form-group row  fitem  ">
    328. 

  328.     <div class="col-md-3">
    329. 

  329.     </div>
    330. 

  330.     <div class="col-md-9 checkbox">
    331. 

  331.         <label class="form-check-label">
    332. 

  332.         
    333. 

  333.         <input name="answerid" id="id_answerid_25" value="25" type="radio">
    334. 

  334.             L'accentuation de la syllabe
    335. 

  335.         </label>
    336. 

  336.         <span class="text-nowrap">
    337. 

  337.             
    338. 

  338.             
    339. 

  339.             
    340. 

  340.         </span>
    341. 

  341.         <div class="form-control-feedback" id="id_error_answerid" style="display: none;">
    342. 

  342.             
    343. 

  343.         </div>
    344. 

  344.     </div>
    345. 

  345. </div></div>
    346. 

  346. 		</div></fieldset><div class="form-group row  fitem  ">
    347. 

  347.     <div class="col-md-3">
    348. 

  348.         <span class="pull-xs-right text-nowrap">
    349. 

  349.             
    350. 

  350.             
    351. 

  351.             
    352. 

  352.         </span>
    353. 

  353.         <label class="col-form-label d-inline " for="id_submitbutton">
    354. 

  354.             
    355. 

  355.         </label>
    356. 

  356.     </div>
    357. 

  357.     <div class="col-md-9 form-inline felement" data-fieldtype="submit">
    358. 

  358.             <input class="btn
    359. 

  359.                     btn-primary
    360. 

  360.                     
    361. 

  361.                     " name="submitbutton" id="id_submitbutton" value="Envoyer" type="submit">
    362. 

  362.         <div class="form-control-feedback" id="id_error_submitbutton" style="display: none;">
    363. 

  363.             
    364. 

  364.         </div>
    365. 

  365.     </div>
    366. 

  366. </div>
    367. 

  367. </form><div class="box progress_bar p-y-1"><div class="progress_bar">Vous avez terminé 21&nbsp;% de la leçon<br><div class="progress_bar_completed" style="width: 21%;">21%</div></div></div></div>
    368. 

  368.                     
    369. 

  369.                     </div>
    370. 

  370.                 </section>
    371. 

  371.             </div>
    372. 

  372.         </div>
    373. 

  373.     </div>
    374. 

  374.     <div id="nav-drawer" data-region="drawer" class="hidden-print moodle-has-zindex closed" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">
    375. 

  375.         <nav class="list-group">
    376. 

  376.             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action " href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/course/view.php?id=3" data-key="coursehome">
    377. 

  377.                 <div class="m-l-0">
    378. 

  378.                         Niveau 1
    379. 

  379.                 </div>
    380. 

  380.             </a>
    381. 

  381.             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action " href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/course/view.php?id=3#section-0" data-key="8">
    382. 

  382.                 <div class="m-l-0">
    383. 

  383.                         <div class="media">
    384. 

  384.                             <span class="media-left">
    385. 

  385.                                 <img class="icon smallicon" alt="" src="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/folder.svg">
    386. 

  386.                             </span>
    387. 

  387.                             <span class="media-body">Bienvenue dans la formation de chinois mandarin niveau 1 !</span>
    388. 

  388.                         </div>
    389. 

  389.                 </div>
    390. 

  390.             </a>
    391. 

  391.             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action font-weight-bold" href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/course/view.php?id=3&amp;section=1" data-key="9">
    392. 

  392.                 <div class="m-l-0">
    393. 

  393.                         <div class="media">
    394. 

  394.                             <span class="media-left">
    395. 

  395.                                 <img class="icon smallicon" alt="" src="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/folder.svg">
    396. 

  396.                             </span>
    397. 

  397.                             <span class="media-body">Séquence 1 Salutation</span>
    398. 

  398.                         </div>
    399. 

  399.                 </div>
    400. 

  400.             </a>
    401. 

  401.             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action " href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/course/view.php?id=3&amp;section=2" data-key="10">
    402. 

  402.                 <div class="m-l-0">
    403. 

  403.                         <div class="media">
    404. 

  404.                             <span class="media-left">
    405. 

  405.                                 <img class="icon smallicon" alt="" src="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/folder.svg">
    406. 

  406.                             </span>
    407. 

  407.                             <span class="media-body">Séquence 2 Politesse</span>
    408. 

  408.                         </div>
    409. 

  409.                 </div>
    410. 

  410.             </a>
    411. 

  411.             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action " href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/course/view.php?id=3&amp;section=3" data-key="11">
    412. 

  412.                 <div class="m-l-0">
    413. 

  413.                         <div class="media">
    414. 

  414.                             <span class="media-left">
    415. 

  415.                                 <img class="icon smallicon" alt="" src="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/folder.svg">
    416. 

  416.                             </span>
    417. 

  417.                             <span class="media-body">Séquence 3 Présentation</span>
    418. 

  418.                         </div>
    419. 

  419.                 </div>
    420. 

  420.             </a>
    421. 

  421.             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action " href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/course/view.php?id=3&amp;section=4" data-key="12">
    422. 

  422.                 <div class="m-l-0">
    423. 

  423.                         <div class="media">
    424. 

  424.                             <span class="media-left">
    425. 

  425.                                 <img class="icon smallicon" alt="" src="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/folder.svg">
    426. 

  426.                             </span>
    427. 

  427.                             <span class="media-body">Séquence 4 Langues et pays</span>
    428. 

  428.                         </div>
    429. 

  429.                 </div>
    430. 

  430.             </a>
    431. 

  431.             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action " href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/course/view.php?id=3&amp;section=5" data-key="13">
    432. 

  432.                 <div class="m-l-0">
    433. 

  433.                         <div class="media">
    434. 

  434.                             <span class="media-left">
    435. 

  435.                                 <img class="icon smallicon" alt="" src="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/folder.svg">
    436. 

  436.                             </span>
    437. 

  437.                             <span class="media-body">Séquence 5 Chiffres - date -âge</span>
    438. 

  438.                         </div>
    439. 

  439.                 </div>
    440. 

  440.             </a>
    441. 

  441.             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action " href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/course/view.php?id=3&amp;section=6" data-key="14">
    442. 

  442.                 <div class="m-l-0">
    443. 

  443.                         <div class="media">
    444. 

  444.                             <span class="media-left">
    445. 

  445.                                 <img class="icon smallicon" alt="" src="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/folder.svg">
    446. 

  446.                             </span>
    447. 

  447.                             <span class="media-body">Séquence 6 L'heure</span>
    448. 

  448.                         </div>
    449. 

  449.                 </div>
    450. 

  450.             </a>
    451. 

  451.             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action " href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/course/view.php?id=3&amp;section=7" data-key="15">
    452. 

  452.                 <div class="m-l-0">
    453. 

  453.                         <div class="media">
    454. 

  454.                             <span class="media-left">
    455. 

  455.                                 <img class="icon smallicon" alt="" src="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/folder.svg">
    456. 

  456.                             </span>
    457. 

  457.                             <span class="media-body">Séquence 7 Famille - travail</span>
    458. 

  458.                         </div>
    459. 

  459.                 </div>
    460. 

  460.             </a>
    461. 

  461.             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action " href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/course/view.php?id=3&amp;section=8" data-key="16">
    462. 

  462.                 <div class="m-l-0">
    463. 

  463.                         <div class="media">
    464. 

  464.                             <span class="media-left">
    465. 

  465.                                 <img class="icon smallicon" alt="" src="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/folder.svg">
    466. 

  466.                             </span>
    467. 

  467.                             <span class="media-body">Séquence 8 Description</span>
    468. 

  468.                         </div>
    469. 

  469.                 </div>
    470. 

  470.             </a>
    471. 

  471.             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action " href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/course/view.php?id=3&amp;section=9" data-key="17">
    472. 

  472.                 <div class="m-l-0">
    473. 

  473.                         <div class="media">
    474. 

  474.                             <span class="media-left">
    475. 

  475.                                 <img class="icon smallicon" alt="" src="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/folder.svg">
    476. 

  476.                             </span>
    477. 

  477.                             <span class="media-body">Séquence 9 Faire les courses</span>
    478. 

  478.                         </div>
    479. 

  479.                 </div>
    480. 

  480.             </a>
    481. 

  481.             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action " href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/course/view.php?id=3&amp;section=10" data-key="18">
    482. 

  482.                 <div class="m-l-0">
    483. 

  483.                         <div class="media">
    484. 

  484.                             <span class="media-left">
    485. 

  485.                                 <img class="icon smallicon" alt="" src="Niveau%201:%20Introduction%20et%20phon%C3%A9tique:%20Les%20tons%20du%20pinyin_fichiers/folder.svg">
    486. 

  486.                             </span>
    487. 

  487.                             <span class="media-body">Séquence 10 J'aime </span>
    488. 

  488.                         </div>
    489. 

  489.                 </div>
    490. 

  490.             </a>
    491. 

  491.         </nav>
    492. 

  492.         <nav class="list-group m-t-1">
    493. 

  493.             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action " href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/" data-key="home">
    494. 

  494.                 <div class="m-l-0">
    495. 

  495.                         Accueil
    496. 

  496.                 </div>
    497. 

  497.             </a>
    498. 

  498.             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action " href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/my/" data-key="home">
    499. 

  499.                 <div class="m-l-0">
    500. 

  500.                         Tableau de bord
    501. 

  501.                 </div>
    502. 

  502.             </a>
    503. 

  503.             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action " href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/calendar/view.php?view=month" data-key="calendar">
    504. 

  504.                 <div class="m-l-0">
    505. 

  505.                         Calendrier
    506. 

  506.                 </div>
    507. 

  507.             </a>
    508. 

  508.             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action " href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/user/files.php" data-key="3">
    509. 

  509.                 <div class="m-l-0">
    510. 

  510.                         Fichiers personnels
    511. 

  511.                 </div>
    512. 

  512.             </a>
    513. 

  513.             <div class="list-group-item" data-key="mycourses">
    514. 

  514.                 <div class="m-l-0">
    515. 

  515.                     Mes formations
    516. 

  516.                 </div>
    517. 

  517.             </div>
    518. 

  518.             <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action " href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/course/view.php?id=4" data-key="4">
    519. 

  519.                 <div class="m-l-1">
    520. 

  520.                         Niveau 2
    521. 

  521.                 </div>
    522. 

  522.             </a>
    523. 

  523.         </nav>
    524. 

  524.     </div>
    525. 

  525. </div><div id="yui3-css-stamp" style="position: absolute !important; visibility: hidden !important" class=""></div>
    526. 

  526. <footer id="page-footer" class="p-y-1 bg-inverse">
    527. 

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    528. 

  528.         <div id="course-footer"></div>
    529. 

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  530. 

  531.         <div class="logininfo">Connecté sous le nom «&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/user/profile.php?id=3298" title="Consulter le profil">Eric Streit </a>&nbsp;» (<a href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/login/logout.php?sesskey=gShX1BAiqz">Déconnexion</a>)</div>
    532. 

  532.         <div class="homelink"><a href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/course/view.php?id=3">Niveau 1</a></div>
    533. 

  533.         <nav class="nav navbar-nav hidden-lg-up">
    534. 

  534.                 <ul class="list-unstyled p-t-1">
    535. 

  535.                                     <li>FORMATIONS</li>
    536. 

  536.                                 <li>
    537. 

  537.                                     <ul class="list-unstyled m-l-1">
    538. 

  538.                                                         <li><a href="http://www.cours-de-chinois.com/course/view.php?id=3" title="Niveau HSK 1">Niveau HSK 1</a></li>
    539. 

  539.                                                         <li><a href="http://www.cours-de-chinois.com/course/view.php?id=4" title="Niveau HSK 2">Niveau HSK 2</a></li>
    540. 

  540.                                                         <li><a href="http://www.cours-de-chinois.com/course/view.php?id=5" title="Niveau HSK 3">Niveau HSK 3</a></li>
    541. 

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    543. 

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    544. 

  544.                                                     </li>
    545. 

  545.                                                         <li><a href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/course/view.php?id=13" title="Préparer le bac de chinois LV3">Préparer le bac de chinois LV3</a></li>
    546. 

  546.                                                     <li>
    547. 

  547.                                                         <ul class="list-unstyled m-l-1">
    548. 

  548.                                                         </ul>
    549. 

  549.                                                     </li>
    550. 

  550.                                                         <li><a href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/course/view.php?id=15" title="Le coin des enseignants">Le coin des enseignants</a></li>
    551. 

  551.                                     </ul>
    552. 

  552.                                 </li>
    553. 

  553.                                     <li>HSK</li>
    554. 

  554.                                 <li>
    555. 

  555.                                     <ul class="list-unstyled m-l-1">
    556. 

  556.                                                         <li><a href="http://afpc.asso.fr/Presentation-HSK" title="Présentation du test HSK">Présentation du test HSK</a></li>
    557. 

  557.                                                         <li><a href="http://afpc.asso.fr/Prochaines-sessions-HSK" title="Prochaines sessions HSK">Prochaines sessions HSK</a></li>
    558. 

  558.                                                         <li><a href="http://afpc.asso.fr/tarifs_et_paiement" title="Tarifs et Paiement pour le test HSK">Tarifs et Paiement pour le test HSK</a></li>
    559. 

  559.                                                         <li><a href="http://afpc.asso.fr/Inscription-en-ligne-HSK" title="Inscription en ligne HSK">Inscription en ligne HSK</a></li>
    560. 

  560.                                     </ul>
    561. 

  561.                                 </li>
    562. 

  562.                                     <li><a href="http://afpc.asso.fr/" title="Afpc">Afpc</a></li>
    563. 

  563.                                 <li>
    564. 

  564.                                     <ul class="list-unstyled m-l-1">
    565. 

  565.                                                         <li><a href="http://afpc.asso.fr/Presentation" title="Présentation">Présentation</a></li>
    566. 

  566.                                                         <li><a href="http://afpc.asso.fr/Statuts" title="Statuts">Statuts</a></li>
    567. 

  567.                                                         <li><a href="http://afpc.asso.fr/Carte-du-Chinois" title="Carte du Chinois">Carte du Chinois</a></li>
    568. 

  568.                                     </ul>
    569. 

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    570. 

  570.                                     <li><a href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/mod/forum/view.php?id=1" title="Forum">Forum</a></li>
    571. 

  571.                                     <li><a href="http://www.apprendre-le-chinois.info/" title="Blog">Blog</a></li>
    572. 

  572.                                     <li><a href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/00/contact/" title="Contact">Contact</a></li>
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  573.                 </ul>
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    656. 

  656.     var container = $('#nav-notification-popover-container');
    657. 

  657.     var controller = new controller(container);
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