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                    <section id="region-main" class="span9 pull-right"><div class="coursetitle"><div class="page-context-header"><div class="page-header-headings"><h1>Niveau 2</h1></div></div></div><div class="bor"></div><span class="notifications" id="user-notifications"></span><div role="main"><span id="maincontent"></span><div class="row-fluid"><div class="span8"><h2>Grammaire de la séquence 7</h2></div><div class="span4 heading-rts"><a href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/course/view.php?id=4&amp;sesskey=D4dSUvLswC&amp;section=7" class="btn btn-default" title="Revenir à Séquence 7 Étudier">Revenir à Séquence 7 Étudier<span aria-hidden="true" class="fa-fw fa fa-sign-in"></span></a></div></div><div class="box generalbox center clearfix"><div class="no-overflow"><h2>Les structures potentielles-résultats</h2>

<p>
Nous avons déjà vu qu'en chinois mandarin le verbe d'action peut être 
suivi d'un verbe résultatif. Nous pouvons d'ailleurs faire de nouveaux 
groupes verbaux avec <span class="hanzi">错</span> <span class="pinyin">cuò</span> :<br>
<span class="hanzi">写错了</span> <span class="pinyin">xiě cuò le</span> s'être trompé en écrivant<br>
<span class="hanzi">打错了</span> <span class="pinyin">dǎ cuò le</span> s'être trompé de numéro de téléphone<br>
<span class="hanzi">走错了</span> <span class="pinyin">zǒu cuò le</span> s'être trompé de chemin<br>
etc.
</p>


<p>Le groupe verbe d'action - verbe résultatif peut en réalité être 
employé avec deux nuances : le potentiel et le résultat. Observez les 
deux exemples suivants :<br>
<span class="hanzi">我听得懂他说的话。</span> "Je comprends ce qu'il me dit." (au moment où je parle) Il s'agit d'un potentiel, d'une capacité. <br>
<span class="hanzi">他说的话我都听懂了。</span> "J'ai compris tout ce qu'il m'a dit." (après qu'il ait fini de parler) Il s'agit ici d'un résultat.
</p>

<p>La structure potentielle se construit ainsi à l'affirmative :</p>


<p style="text-align:center; font-size: 1.3em;">
<span class="gram">Verbe d'action + <span class="hanzi">得</span> + verbe résultatif</span>
</p>

<p>et à la négative :</p>


<p style="text-align:center; font-size: 1.3em;">
<span class="gram">Verbe d'action  + <span class="hanzi">不</span> + verbe résultatif</span>
</p>


<p>La structure résultative se construit ainsi à l'affirmative :</p>


<p style="text-align:center; font-size: 1.3em;">
<span class="gram">Verbe d'action + verbe résultatif +  <span class="hanzi">了</span></span>
</p>

<p>et à la négative :</p>


<p style="text-align:center; font-size: 1.3em;">
<span class="gram"><span class="hanzi">没</span> + verbe d'action +  verbe résultatif</span>
</p>


<p>Quelques exemples :<br>
<span class="hanzi">我没看懂她写的字。</span> Je n'ai pas compris ce qu'elle a écrit. <br>
<span class="hanzi">老师，这个字我看不懂。</span> Professeur, je ne comprends pas ce caractère.<br>
<span class="hanzi">你听得懂中文吗？</span> Comprends-tu le chinois ?<br>
<span class="hanzi">对不起，我打错了！</span> Désolé, je me suis trompé de numéro. (au téléphone)<br>
<span class="hanzi">我想我们没走错。</span> Je pense que nous ne nous sommes pas trompés de chemin.
</p>


<hr>


<h2><span class="hanzi">可以</span> et <span class="hanzi">能</span></h2>


<p>
<span class="hanzi">可以</span> et <span class="hanzi">能</span> se traduisent tout les deux par "pouvoir". <span class="hanzi">可以</span> indique plutôt la permission et <span class="hanzi">能</span> la capacité :<br>
<span class="hanzi">我不可以上课。</span> Je ne peux pas aller en cours. (Car je suis exclu, je n'en ai pas la permission.)<br>
<span class="hanzi">我不能上课。</span> Je ne peux pas aller en cours. (Car je suis malade donc dans l'incapacité d'aller en cours.)<br>
</p>

<p>
Mais, très souvent, <span class="hanzi">可以</span> et <span class="hanzi">能</span> peuvent être équivalents : <br>
<span class="hanzi">我明天可以/能和你一起去上课吗？可以/能。</span> Puis-je aller en cours avec toi demain ? Oui.
</p>


<p>En général, on emploie <span class="hanzi">能</span> à la négative et à l'interrogative ：<br>
<span class="hanzi">我能不能上课？可以/不能。</span> Puis-je assister au cours ? Oui/non.
</p>


<hr>


<h2><span class="hanzi">就</span></h2>


<p>
Nous avons vu <span class="hanzi">就</span> <span class="pinyin">jiù</span>, "alors", dans le sens de la condition : <br>
<span class="hanzi">他去，我就不去。</span> S'il y va, alors je n'y vais pas. 
</p>


<p>Nous avons aussi déjà vu que <span class="hanzi">就</span> peut indiquer qu'une action arrive plus tôt que prévu :<br>
<span class="hanzi">你就来了。</span> Tu es déjà là !
</p>


<p><span class="hanzi">就</span> peut également être employé dans le sens de "seulement" :<br>
<span class="hanzi">喝太多咖啡对身体不好。我就每天喝两杯。</span> Boire trop de café n'est pas bon pour la santé. Je n'en bois que 2 tasses chaque jour. 
</p>


<p>Enfin <span class="hanzi">就</span> peut également être utilisé pour dire "justement" :<br>
<span class="hanzi">你看，他就在那儿！</span> Regarde ! Il est justement là-bas !
</p>


<hr>


<h2><span class="hanzi">好</span></h2>


<p>Le verbe adjectival <span class="hanzi">好</span> <span class="pinyin">hǎo</span> "être/aller bien" peut également être utilisé à la place de <span class="hanzi">很</span> <span class="pinyin">hěn</span> :<br>
<span class="hanzi">我好想你！</span> Tu me manques trop !<br>
<span class="hanzi">那家茶馆我去过好几次了。</span> Je suis déjà allé de nombreuses fois dans ce salon de thé. (rappel : <span class="hanzi">家</span> "famille, maison" est également classificateur des établissements comme les restaurants, salons de thé, etc.)
</p>


<hr>

<h2><span class="hanzi">正在</span></h2>


<p>L'adverbe <span class="hanzi">正在</span>  "être en train de" est très souvent employé avec <span class="hanzi">呢</span> que nous avons vu dans le sens d'une particule finale qui reprend une question (<span class="hanzi">你呢？</span> Et toi ?) : <br>
<span class="hanzi">他正在喝茶呢！</span> Il est en train de boire du thé.
</p>

<p><span class="hanzi">在</span> peut également être utilisé comme adverbe dans le sens d'"être en train de" :<br>
<span class="hanzi">他在喝茶！</span> Il est en train de boire du thé.
</p>


<p>Il en est de même pour <span class="hanzi">呢</span> :<br>
<span class="hanzi">他喝茶呢！</span> Il est en train de boire du thé.
</p>


<p>Les combinaisons sont possibles :<br>
<span class="hanzi">他正在喝茶！</span> Il est en train de boire du thé.<br>
<span class="hanzi">他正在喝茶呢！</span> Il est en train de boire du thé.<br>
<span class="hanzi">他在喝茶呢！</span> Il est en train de boire du thé.<br>
<span class="hanzi">他喝茶呢！</span> Il est en train de boire du thé.<br>
etc.
</p>


<hr>

<h2><span class="hanzi">学会</span></h2>


<p>
En chinois mandarin, il faut être attentif au sens de chaque caractère. Observez la phrase suivante :<br>
<span class="hanzi">他一年就学会汉语了。</span> Il a appris le chinois en seulement un an.
</p>


<p>
Le verbe <span class="hanzi">学会</span> composé de <span class="hanzi">学</span> "apprendre" et <span class="hanzi">会</span>
 "savoir faire" peut facilement être deviné si l'on connaît bien le sens
 de chaque caractère. Il correspond à notre verbe "acquérir" (apprendre 
et savoir mettre en pratique). C'est une bonne habitude de porter son 
attention sur ce genre de construction. Le volume de vocabulaire dans la
 langue chinoise est assez impressionnant, mais beaucoup de mots 
composés peuvent être devinés si l'on connaît le sens de chacun des 
caractères.  
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href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/course/view.php?id=4&amp;section=6">Séquence 6 Sortir s'amuser</a></p></li><li class="type_structure depth_4 contains_branch" aria-labelledby="label_4_24" tabindex="-1"><p class="tree_item branch" role="treeitem" aria-expanded="true" aria-owns="580f228e65b6b_group" tabindex="-1" aria-selected="false"><a tabindex="-1" id="label_4_24" href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/course/view.php?id=4&amp;section=7">Séquence 7 Étudier</a></p><ul id="580f228e65b6b_group" role="group" tabindex="-1"><li class="type_activity depth_5 item_with_icon" aria-labelledby="label_5_26" tabindex="-1"><p class="tree_item hasicon" role="treeitem" tabindex="-1" aria-selected="false"><a tabindex="-1" id="label_5_26" title="Page" href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/mod/page/view.php?id=429"><img class="smallicon navicon" alt="Page" title="Page" src="Niveau%202:%20Grammaire%20de%20la%20s%C3%A9quence%207_files/icon_003.svg" tabindex="-1"><span class="item-content-wrap" tabindex="-1">Vocabulaire oral de la séquence 7</span></a></p></li><li class="type_activity depth_5 item_with_icon" aria-labelledby="label_5_27" tabindex="-1"><p class="tree_item hasicon" role="treeitem" tabindex="-1" aria-selected="false"><a tabindex="-1" id="label_5_27" title="Page" href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/mod/page/view.php?id=430"><img class="smallicon navicon" alt="Page" title="Page" src="Niveau%202:%20Grammaire%20de%20la%20s%C3%A9quence%207_files/icon_003.svg" tabindex="-1"><span class="item-content-wrap" tabindex="-1">Exercice d'entraînement oral sur le vocabulaire de...</span></a></p></li><li class="type_activity depth_5 item_with_icon" aria-labelledby="label_5_28" tabindex="-1"><p class="tree_item hasicon" role="treeitem" tabindex="-1" aria-selected="false"><a tabindex="-1" id="label_5_28" title="Test" href="https://www.cours-de-chinois.com/mod/quiz/view.php?id=431"><img class="smallicon navicon" alt="Test" title="Test" 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