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- <title xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng">Chapter 2. Verbs of motion</title><meta xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng" name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Russian verbs of motion:"><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Russian verbs of motion:"><link rel="prev" href="ch01.html" title="Chapter 1. Introduction"><link rel="next" href="ch03.html" title="Chapter 3. The determinate"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 2. Verbs of motion</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch01.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch03.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="d5e602"></a>Chapter 2. Verbs of motion</h1></div></div></div><p>In Russian certain verbs have two imperfective forms. These verbs are called the "verbs of
- motion", because they state the basic types of motion — going on foot, going by vehicle,
- flying, swimming, crawling, etc.</p><p>There are only thirteen of these verbs, but they play a large role in both the spoken and
- written language. For our purposes, only the verbs of going, carrying, and leading are used.
- If you are curious, all of the verbs of motion are listed in the Appendix <a class="xref" href="ch08.html#Appendix">page </a> in the back.</p><p>The two imperfective forms of these verbs present alternate views of going, carrying,
- swimming, etc. In general, a Russian needs only two verbs to express all possibilities of a
- verbal idea — the imperfective and the perfective.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><span class="bold"><strong>verbal idea
- "writing"</strong></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center">
- <p>
- <span class="bold"><strong>imperfective</strong></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">писать</em></span>
- </p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p>
- <span class="bold"><strong>perfective</strong></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">написать</em></span>
- </p>
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>To express a verbal idea in all possible ways for a verb of motion you need three verbs —
- the perfective verb and two imperfective verbs called the indeterminate and the
- determinate.</p><p></p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><span class="bold"><strong>verbal idea "going
- on foot"</strong></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><span class="bold"><strong>imperfective</strong></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center">
- <p>
- <span class="bold"><strong>indeterminate</strong></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить</em></span>
- </p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p>
- <span class="bold"><strong>determinate</strong></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идти</em></span>
- </p>
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Now look at the card that comes with this booklet. This card is titled <span class="italic">CONJUGATION PATTERNS OF THE VERBS OF LOCOMOTION AND CONVEYANCE</span>.
- (<a class="xref" href="pr01.html#Card">page </a>)</p><p>These are the five verbs used throughout this text for examples, practice exercises, and
- tests. You may use this card anytime you wish as a reference, "cheat sheet", or bookmark. Of
- course, if you going to learn Russian you will eventually have to memorize them, but in this
- text it is not obligatory.</p><p>There are in Russian two verb-pairs with the general meaning of "to go", "to come", or "to
- travel", The verbs <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить-идти</em></span> mean "to go on
- foot", and the verbs <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ездить-ехать</em></span> mean "to go by
- vehicle or some means of conveyance".</p><p>In English we use the verb "to go" much more generally than the Russians. The English
- sentence "I am going to town" has two counterparts in Russian.</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я иду в город.</em></span> I am going to town (on
- foot).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я еду в город.</em></span> I am going to town (by
- vehicle).</p></li></ul></div><p>A similar distinction is made for <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">носить-нести</em></span> "to carry on foot" and <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">возить-везти</em></span> , "to carry by vehicle, to transport".</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col><col align="center"><col class="c3"></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="center"> </th><th align="center">On Foot</th><th align="center">By Vehicle</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>to go</td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить --
- идти</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ездить --
- ехать</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>to carry</td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">носить --
- нести</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">возить --
- везти</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p></p><p>This is a simple exercise to help you start to discriminate between "going on foot" and
- "going by vehicle". <span class="bold"><strong>Place a check beside the correct
- response.</strong></span></p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"><col align="center" class="c3"><col align="center" class="c4"></colgroup><thead><tr><th> </th><th> </th><th align="center">On Foot</th><th align="center">By Vehicle</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>
- <p>1.</p>
- </td><td>
- <p>going across the room</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p>2.</p>
- </td><td>
- <p>going to Florida</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p>з.</p>
- </td><td>
- <p>carrying my friend to the movies</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p>4.</p>
- </td><td>
- <p>going into the kitchen</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p>5.</p>
- </td><td>
- <p>carrying the book upstairs</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p>6.</p>
- </td><td>
- <p>carrying the refrigerator back to town</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p>7.</p>
- </td><td>
- <p>going to the country</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p>8.</p>
- </td><td>
- <p>carrying the newspaper next door</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p>9.</p>
- </td><td>
- <p>carrying the family home</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p>10.</p>
- </td><td>
- <p>going through the library</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p></p>
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col align="center" class="c2"><col align="center" class="c3"></colgroup><thead><tr><th> </th><th align="center">On Foot</th><th align="center">By Vehicle</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>
- <p>1.</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p>X</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p>-</p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p>2.</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p>-</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p>X</p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p>з.</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p>-</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p>X</p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p>4.</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p>X</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p>-</p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p>5.</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p>X</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p>-</p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p>6.</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p>-</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p>X</p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p>7.</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p>-</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p>X</p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p>8.</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p>X</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p>-</p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p>9.</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p>-</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p>X</p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p>10.</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p>X</p>
- </td><td align="center">-</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Now with the aid of your card translate the two sentences into English.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я несу книгу в класс.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я везу деньги</em></span> (money) <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в банк.</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>I am carrying the book to class (on foot).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>I am carrying the money to the bank (by car).</p></li></ol></div><p>The verbs of motion have two imperfective forms. They are called the _____________ and the
- _____________.</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch01.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch03.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 1. Introduction </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 3. The determinate</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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