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  1. <html><head>
    2. 

  2.       <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
    3. 

  3.    <title xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng">Chapter&nbsp;2.&nbsp;Verbs of motion</title><meta xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng" name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Russian verbs of motion:"><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Russian verbs of motion:"><link rel="prev" href="ch01.html" title="Chapter&nbsp;1.&nbsp;Introduction"><link rel="next" href="ch03.html" title="Chapter&nbsp;3.&nbsp;The determinate"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter&nbsp;2.&nbsp;Verbs of motion</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch01.html">Prev</a>&nbsp;</td><th width="60%" align="center">&nbsp;</th><td width="20%" align="right">&nbsp;<a accesskey="n" href="ch03.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="d5e602"></a>Chapter&nbsp;2.&nbsp;Verbs of motion</h1></div></div></div><p>In Russian certain verbs have two imperfective forms. These verbs are called the "verbs of
    4. 

  4.       motion", because they state the basic types of motion &#8212; going on foot, going by vehicle,
    5. 

  5.       flying, swimming, crawling, etc.</p><p>There are only thirteen of these verbs, but they play a large role in both the spoken and
    6. 

  6.       written language. For our purposes, only the verbs of going, carrying, and leading are used.
    7. 

  7.       If you are curious, all of the verbs of motion are listed in the Appendix <a class="xref" href="ch08.html#Appendix">page </a> in the back.</p><p>The two imperfective forms of these verbs present alternate views of going, carrying,
    8. 

  8.       swimming, etc. In general, a Russian needs only two verbs to express all possibilities of a
    9. 

  9.       verbal idea &#8212; the imperfective and the perfective.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><span class="bold"><strong>verbal idea
    10. 

  10.                 "writing"</strong></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    11. 

  11.               <p>
    12. 

  12.                 <span class="bold"><strong>imperfective</strong></span>
    13. 

  13.               </p>
    14. 

  14.               <p>
    15. 

  15.                 <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1087;&#1080;&#1089;&#1072;&#1090;&#1100;</em></span>
    16. 

  16.               </p>
    17. 

  17.             </td><td align="center">
    18. 

  18.               <p>
    19. 

  19.                 <span class="bold"><strong>perfective</strong></span>
    20. 

  20.               </p>
    21. 

  21.               <p>
    22. 

  22.                 <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1072;&#1087;&#1080;&#1089;&#1072;&#1090;&#1100;</em></span>
    23. 

  23.               </p>
    24. 

  24.             </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>To express a verbal idea in all possible ways for a verb of motion you need three verbs &#8212;
    25. 

  25.       the perfective verb and two imperfective verbs called the indeterminate and the
    26. 

  26.       determinate.</p><p></p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><span class="bold"><strong>verbal idea "going
    27. 

  27.                 on foot"</strong></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><span class="bold"><strong>imperfective</strong></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center">
    28. 

  28.               <p>
    29. 

  29.                 <span class="bold"><strong>indeterminate</strong></span>
    30. 

  30.               </p>
    31. 

  31.               <p>
    32. 

  32.                 <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090;&#1100;</em></span>
    33. 

  33.               </p>
    34. 

  34.             </td><td align="center">
    35. 

  35.               <p>
    36. 

  36.                 <span class="bold"><strong>determinate</strong></span>
    37. 

  37.               </p>
    38. 

  38.               <p>
    39. 

  39.                 <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1080;&#1076;&#1090;&#1080;</em></span>
    40. 

  40.               </p>
    41. 

  41.             </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Now look at the card that comes with this booklet. This card is titled <span class="italic">CONJUGATION PATTERNS OF THE VERBS OF LOCOMOTION AND CONVEYANCE</span>.
    42. 

  42.         (<a class="xref" href="pr01.html#Card">page </a>)</p><p>These are the five verbs used throughout this text for examples, practice exercises, and
    43. 

  43.       tests. You may use this card anytime you wish as a reference, "cheat sheet", or bookmark. Of
    44. 

  44.       course, if you going to learn Russian you will eventually have to memorize them, but in this
    45. 

  45.       text it is not obligatory.</p><p>There are in Russian two verb-pairs with the general meaning of "to go", "to come", or "to
    46. 

  46.       travel", The verbs <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090;&#1100;-&#1080;&#1076;&#1090;&#1080;</em></span> mean "to go on
    47. 

  47.       foot", and the verbs <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1077;&#1079;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090;&#1100;-&#1077;&#1093;&#1072;&#1090;&#1100;</em></span> mean "to go by
    48. 

  48.       vehicle or some means of conveyance".</p><p>In English we use the verb "to go" much more generally than the Russians. The English
    49. 

  49.       sentence "I am going to town" has two counterparts in Russian.</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1071; &#1080;&#1076;&#1091; &#1074; &#1075;&#1086;&#1088;&#1086;&#1076;.</em></span> I am going to town (on
    50. 

  50.             foot).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1071; &#1077;&#1076;&#1091; &#1074; &#1075;&#1086;&#1088;&#1086;&#1076;.</em></span> I am going to town (by
    51. 

  51.             vehicle).</p></li></ul></div><p>A similar distinction is made for <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1086;&#1089;&#1080;&#1090;&#1100;-&#1085;&#1077;&#1089;&#1090;&#1080;</em></span> "to carry on foot" and <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1074;&#1086;&#1079;&#1080;&#1090;&#1100;-&#1074;&#1077;&#1079;&#1090;&#1080;</em></span> , "to carry by vehicle, to transport".</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col><col align="center"><col class="c3"></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="center">&nbsp;</th><th align="center">On Foot</th><th align="center">By Vehicle</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>to go</td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1093;&#1086;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090;&#1100; --
    52. 

  52.               &#1080;&#1076;&#1090;&#1080;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1077;&#1079;&#1076;&#1080;&#1090;&#1100; --
    53. 

  53.               &#1077;&#1093;&#1072;&#1090;&#1100;</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>to carry</td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1085;&#1086;&#1089;&#1080;&#1090;&#1100; --
    54. 

  54.               &#1085;&#1077;&#1089;&#1090;&#1080;</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1074;&#1086;&#1079;&#1080;&#1090;&#1100; --
    55. 

  55.               &#1074;&#1077;&#1079;&#1090;&#1080;</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p></p><p>This is a simple exercise to help you start to discriminate between "going on foot" and
    56. 

  56.       "going by vehicle". <span class="bold"><strong>Place a check beside the correct
    57. 

  57.         response.</strong></span></p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"><col align="center" class="c3"><col align="center" class="c4"></colgroup><thead><tr><th>&nbsp;</th><th>&nbsp;</th><th align="center">On Foot</th><th align="center">By Vehicle</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>
    58. 

  58.               <p>1.</p>
    59. 

  59.             </td><td>
    60. 

  60.               <p>going across the room</p>
    61. 

  61.             </td><td align="center">
    62. 

  62.               <p></p>
    63. 

  63.             </td><td align="center">
    64. 

  64.               <p></p>
    65. 

  65.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    66. 

  66.               <p>2.</p>
    67. 

  67.             </td><td>
    68. 

  68.               <p>going to Florida</p>
    69. 

  69.             </td><td align="center">
    70. 

  70.               <p></p>
    71. 

  71.             </td><td align="center">
    72. 

  72.               <p></p>
    73. 

  73.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    74. 

  74.               <p>&#1079;.</p>
    75. 

  75.             </td><td>
    76. 

  76.               <p>carrying my friend to the movies</p>
    77. 

  77.             </td><td align="center">
    78. 

  78.               <p></p>
    79. 

  79.             </td><td align="center">
    80. 

  80.               <p></p>
    81. 

  81.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    82. 

  82.               <p>4.</p>
    83. 

  83.             </td><td>
    84. 

  84.               <p>going into the kitchen</p>
    85. 

  85.             </td><td align="center">
    86. 

  86.               <p></p>
    87. 

  87.             </td><td align="center">
    88. 

  88.               <p></p>
    89. 

  89.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    90. 

  90.               <p>5.</p>
    91. 

  91.             </td><td>
    92. 

  92.               <p>carrying the book upstairs</p>
    93. 

  93.             </td><td align="center">
    94. 

  94.               <p></p>
    95. 

  95.             </td><td align="center">
    96. 

  96.               <p></p>
    97. 

  97.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    98. 

  98.               <p>6.</p>
    99. 

  99.             </td><td>
    100. 

  100.               <p>carrying the refrigerator back to town</p>
    101. 

  101.             </td><td align="center">
    102. 

  102.               <p></p>
    103. 

  103.             </td><td align="center">
    104. 

  104.               <p></p>
    105. 

  105.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    106. 

  106.               <p>7.</p>
    107. 

  107.             </td><td>
    108. 

  108.               <p>going to the country</p>
    109. 

  109.             </td><td align="center">
    110. 

  110.               <p></p>
    111. 

  111.             </td><td align="center">
    112. 

  112.               <p></p>
    113. 

  113.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    114. 

  114.               <p>8.</p>
    115. 

  115.             </td><td>
    116. 

  116.               <p>carrying the newspaper next door</p>
    117. 

  117.             </td><td align="center">
    118. 

  118.               <p></p>
    119. 

  119.             </td><td align="center">
    120. 

  120.               <p></p>
    121. 

  121.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    122. 

  122.               <p>9.</p>
    123. 

  123.             </td><td>
    124. 

  124.               <p>carrying the family home</p>
    125. 

  125.             </td><td align="center">
    126. 

  126.               <p></p>
    127. 

  127.             </td><td align="center">
    128. 

  128.               <p></p>
    129. 

  129.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    130. 

  130.               <p>10.</p>
    131. 

  131.             </td><td>
    132. 

  132.               <p>going through the library</p>
    133. 

  133.             </td><td align="center">
    134. 

  134.               <p></p>
    135. 

  135.             </td><td align="center">
    136. 

  136.               <p></p>
    137. 

  137.             </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col align="center" class="c2"><col align="center" class="c3"></colgroup><thead><tr><th>&nbsp;</th><th align="center">On Foot</th><th align="center">By Vehicle</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>
    138. 

  138.               <p>1.</p>
    139. 

  139.             </td><td align="center">
    140. 

  140.               <p>X</p>
    141. 

  141.             </td><td align="center">
    142. 

  142.               <p>-</p>
    143. 

  143.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    144. 

  144.               <p>2.</p>
    145. 

  145.             </td><td align="center">
    146. 

  146.               <p>-</p>
    147. 

  147.             </td><td align="center">
    148. 

  148.               <p>X</p>
    149. 

  149.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    150. 

  150.               <p>&#1079;.</p>
    151. 

  151.             </td><td align="center">
    152. 

  152.               <p>-</p>
    153. 

  153.             </td><td align="center">
    154. 

  154.               <p>X</p>
    155. 

  155.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    156. 

  156.               <p>4.</p>
    157. 

  157.             </td><td align="center">
    158. 

  158.               <p>X</p>
    159. 

  159.             </td><td align="center">
    160. 

  160.               <p>-</p>
    161. 

  161.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    162. 

  162.               <p>5.</p>
    163. 

  163.             </td><td align="center">
    164. 

  164.               <p>X</p>
    165. 

  165.             </td><td align="center">
    166. 

  166.               <p>-</p>
    167. 

  167.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    168. 

  168.               <p>6.</p>
    169. 

  169.             </td><td align="center">
    170. 

  170.               <p>-</p>
    171. 

  171.             </td><td align="center">
    172. 

  172.               <p>X</p>
    173. 

  173.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    174. 

  174.               <p>7.</p>
    175. 

  175.             </td><td align="center">
    176. 

  176.               <p>-</p>
    177. 

  177.             </td><td align="center">
    178. 

  178.               <p>X</p>
    179. 

  179.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    180. 

  180.               <p>8.</p>
    181. 

  181.             </td><td align="center">
    182. 

  182.               <p>X</p>
    183. 

  183.             </td><td align="center">
    184. 

  184.               <p>-</p>
    185. 

  185.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    186. 

  186.               <p>9.</p>
    187. 

  187.             </td><td align="center">
    188. 

  188.               <p>-</p>
    189. 

  189.             </td><td align="center">
    190. 

  190.               <p>X</p>
    191. 

  191.             </td></tr><tr><td>
    192. 

  192.               <p>10.</p>
    193. 

  193.             </td><td align="center">
    194. 

  194.               <p>X</p>
    195. 

  195.             </td><td align="center">-</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Now with the aid of your card translate the two sentences into English.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1071; &#1085;&#1077;&#1089;&#1091; &#1082;&#1085;&#1080;&#1075;&#1091; &#1074; &#1082;&#1083;&#1072;&#1089;&#1089;.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1071; &#1074;&#1077;&#1079;&#1091; &#1076;&#1077;&#1085;&#1100;&#1075;&#1080;</em></span> (money) <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">&#1074; &#1073;&#1072;&#1085;&#1082;.</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>I am carrying the book to class (on foot).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>I am carrying the money to the bank (by car).</p></li></ol></div><p>The verbs of motion have two imperfective forms. They are called the _____________ and the
    196. 

  196.       _____________.</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch01.html">Prev</a>&nbsp;</td><td width="20%" align="center">&nbsp;</td><td width="40%" align="right">&nbsp;<a accesskey="n" href="ch03.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter&nbsp;1.&nbsp;Introduction&nbsp;</td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">&nbsp;Chapter&nbsp;3.&nbsp;The determinate</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
    197.