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- <title xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng">Chapter 4. The indeterminate verbs of motion</title><meta xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng" name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Russian verbs of motion:"><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Russian verbs of motion:"><link rel="prev" href="ch03.html" title="Chapter 3. The determinate"><link rel="next" href="ch05.html" title="Chapter 5. Some other verbs"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 4. The indeterminate verbs of motion</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch03.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch05.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="d5e1230"></a>Chapter 4. The indeterminate verbs of motion</h1></div></div></div><p>Before we start on the indeterminate verbs of motion, there is one more point of grammar
- paralleling the kind of choice we must make between <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span> and <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">где</em></span> , Two
- prepositions <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span> and <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> + locative express location. This is something you have been doing all
- along.</p><p>When в or <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> governs the locative case:
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span> means "in, at", and <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> means "on, at".</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Иван?</em></span></td><td>Where is Ivan?</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он в библотеке.</em></span></td><td>He's in the library.</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он на концерте.</em></span></td><td>He's at the concert.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>In sentences with verbs of motion, a question is generally а <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span>-question. A <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">кyда</em></span>-question
- asks, "whereto?" The same prepositions в and <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span>
- may be used to answer a <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span>-question. In this
- case в means "in, to", and <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> means "on, to". In
- answering <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span>-questions, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span> and <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> govern
- the accusative case — <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span> or <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> + accusative.</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Куда идёт Иван?</em></span> Where is Ivan
- going?</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он идёт в театр.</em></span> He is going to the
- theater.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он идёт на концерт.</em></span> He is going to the
- concert.</p></li></ul></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Choose the correct form.</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Моя терелка (на кухне/на кухню).</em></span></p><p>My plate is in the kitchen.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я иду (на уроке/на урок).</em></span></p><p>I am going to class.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Люди читают (в библотеке/в
- библиотеку).</em></span></p><p>People read in the library.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Отец шёл (в городе/в город).</em></span></p><p>Father was going to town.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я видел его (на футболе/на
- футбол).</em></span></p><p>I saw him at the football game.</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на урок</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в библиотеке</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в город</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на футболе.</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p>There is one other pair of adverbial forms meaning "home" used the same way —
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дома</em></span> (location) and <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">домой</em></span> (destination or direction).</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Translate the answers to the following questions into Russian using
- either <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дома</em></span> or <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">домой</em></span>.</strong></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где Иван?</em></span></p><p>He is at home. _______</p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Куда идёт Иван?</em></span></p><p>He is going home. _______</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он дома.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он идёт домой.</em></span></p></li></ol></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col align="center" class="c1"><col align="center" class="c2"></colgroup><thead><tr><th colspan="2" align="center">Fill In the blanks below.</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center">
- <p><span class="bold"><strong>Location</strong></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span class="bold"><strong>Motion</strong></span></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">где</em></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">_______________________</td></tr><tr><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">здесь</em></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">_______________________</td></tr><tr><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">там </em></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">_______________________</td></tr><tr><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дома в</em></span> + locative</p>
- </td><td align="center">_______+______________</td></tr><tr><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> + locative</p>
- </td><td align="center">_______+______________</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col align="center" class="c1"><col align="center" class="c2"></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="center">Location</th><th align="center">Motion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">где</em></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">куда</em></span></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">здесь</em></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">сюда</em></span></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">там</em></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">туда</em></span></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дома</em></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">домой</em></span></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span> + locative</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в</em></span> + accusative</p>
- </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> + locative</p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на</em></span> + accusative</p>
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Since indeterminate verbs are Imperfective verbs, <span class="bold"><strong>what are the three
- basic actions expressed by imperfective verbs?</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>_______________________</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>_______________________</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>_______________________</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>progressive action</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>repeated action</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>naming the action</p></li></ol></div><p>If determinate verbs of motion express a progressive (a simple progressive motion along a
- line at a given moment), then<span class="bold"><strong> indeterminate verbs express ____________
- and ______________.</strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: repeated action (motion) and naming the action
- (motion)</p><p>To put repeated motion and naming the action into the same sort of definition as the
- determinate one, let us say that an indeterminate verb may describe:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>motion non-progressively along a line</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>motion with no relation to the line</p></li></ol></div><p>The repeated or habitual actions when translated into repeated or habitual motions can be
- thought of as non-progressive motion along a line. Using the indeterminate verb <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить</em></span> (the partner of the determinate verb <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идти</em></span>), turn to the next page and look at the sentences
- describing non-progressive motion along a line.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>Repeated motion: <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">хожу в школу три раза в
- неделю.</em></span> I go to class three times a week.</p><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="496"><tr><td><img src="../../Images/DLI-verbs-of-motion-4.png" width="496"></td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Repeated motion: <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я ходил по комнате.</em></span> I
- was walking around the room.</p><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="496"><tr><td><img src="../../Images/DLI-verbs-of-motion-5.png" width="496"></td></tr></table></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Habitual motion: <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мой брат ходит в город.</em></span>
- My brother goes to town.</p><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="496"><tr><td><img src="../../Images/DLI-verbs-of-motion-6.png" width="496"></td></tr></table></div></li></ol></div><p><a name="p39"></a>Now at the sentence below. <span class="bold"><strong>Select the best
- answer.</strong></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Зина</em></span> _____ <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">в
- школу.</em></span></p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>a: <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идёт</em></span>
- <a class="xref" href="ch04.html#p42">page </a></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>b: <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходит</em></span>
- <a class="xref" href="ch04.html#p40">page </a>
- </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>c: either <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идёт</em></span> or <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходит</em></span>
- <a class="xref" href="ch04.html#p41">page </a></p></li></ul></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Your Answer</strong></span>: (b) <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зина
- ходит в школу.</em></span> Zina goes to school.</p><p><a name="p40"></a>"Zina goes to school" is a non-progressive motion considered as a
- repeated action or habitual action. It certainly can be interpreted in this way. But can't you
- also say <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Зина идёт в школу</em></span> "Zina is going
- to school" (a progressive motion along a line at a given moment in time)? This also
- correct.</p><p>The problem is there is not enough information in the rest of the sentence to give you
- only one possible interpretation. The sentence can be visualized in more than one way.</p><p>Most often a sentence with an indeterminate verb of motion will have adverbial clues for
- repeated or habitual actions.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Can you think of any adverbs or adverbial phrases that will help you
- visualize the motion as being repeated or habitual? </strong></span></p><p>Turn to <a class="xref" href="ch04.html#p43">page </a> and you will see some that I
- thought of.</p><p><a name="p41"></a><span class="bold"><strong>Your Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Зина идёт в школу.</em></span> Zina is going to
- school.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Зина ходит в школу.</em></span> Zina goes to
- school.</p></li></ul></div><p>You are absolutely right. There was not enough Information in the rest of the sentence to
- be sure of any one single interpretation. The sentence can be visualized in more than one
- way.</p><p>More often than not a sentence with an indeterminate verb will have adverbial clues for
- repeated or habitual motions.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Can you think of any adverbs or adverbial phrases that will help you
- visualize the motion as being repeated or habitual? </strong></span></p><p>Turn to <a class="xref" href="ch04.html#p43">page </a> and you will see some that I
- thought of.</p><p><a name="p42"></a><span class="bold"><strong>Your Answer</strong></span>: (а)
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Зина идёт в школу.</em></span> Zina is going to
- school.</p><p>"Zina is going to school" describes a simple progressive motion along a line at a given
- moment in time. This is correct as far as it goes. What about <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Зина ходит в школу</em></span> "Zina goes to school" (an habitual or repeated
- motion)? This is also possible.</p><p>The problem is there is not enough information in the rest of the sentence to give you
- only one possible answer. The sentence can be visualized more than one way.</p><p>Most often a sentence with an indeterminate verb of motion will have adverbs or adverbial
- clues for repeated or habitual actions. Can you think of any adverbs or adverbial phrases that
- will help you visualize the motion as being repeated or habitual? Turn to <a class="xref" href="ch04.html#p43">page </a> and you will see some that I thought of.</p><p><a name="p43"></a>Here is my list of adverbial clues or cues that can assist you in
- choosing the indeterminate from.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">всегда</em></span></p>
- </td><td>
- <p>always</p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">никогда</em></span></p>
- </td><td>
- <p>never</p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">два раза</em></span></p>
- </td><td>
- <p>twice</p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">три раза</em></span></p>
- </td><td>
- <p>three times</p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пять раз</em></span></p>
- </td><td>
- <p>five times</p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">много раз</em></span></p>
- </td><td>
- <p>many times</p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">каждый день</em></span></p>
- </td><td>
- <p>every day</p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">каждую неделю</em></span></p>
- </td><td>
- <p>every week</p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">часто</em></span></p>
- </td><td>
- <p>often</p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">обычно</em></span></p>
- </td><td>
- <p>usually</p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">обыкновенно</em></span></p>
- </td><td>
- <p>generally</p>
- </td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">от времени до времени</em></span></td><td>from time to time</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>In the three sentences below the forms of the determinate <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идти</em></span> can not be used.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>What are the cues in the sentences that make the forms of the
- indeterminate <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить</em></span> the only
- choice?</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он всё время ходил взад и вперёд по
- комнате.</em></span></p><p>He continuously walked back and forth about the room.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я хожу на лекции по
- вторникам.</em></span></p><p>I go to lectures on Tuesdays.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ольга редко ходила в класс.</em></span></p><p>Olga rarely came to class.</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">всё время</em></span> "continuously" and
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">взад и вперё</em></span>д "back and forth"</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">по вторникам</em></span> "on Tuesdays"</p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">редко</em></span> "rarely"</p></li></ol></div><p>These clues help you determine that the sentences express a repeated or habitual action.
- Therefore, the indeterminate verb is called for. An indeterminate verb expresses a
- non-progressive motion along a line — motion back and forth along that line or motion several
- times along that line. Since a non-progressive motion can be a back-and-forth motion, the
- indeterminate verb is sometimes used in the past tense to describe a completed round trip
- (having gone somewhere and returned).</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где ты был сегодня
- утром?</em></span></td><td>Where were you this morning?</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я ходил в банк.</em></span></td><td>I went to the bank (and returned).</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>This round-trip notion easily falls into the definition of what
- Indeterminate verbs can do, that is, indeterminate verbs express</strong></span>
- _________________________________.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: motion non-progressively along a line. (At this
- point any definition using the idea of repeated, habitual, or back-and-forth motion Is
- correct.)</p><p>"Motion non-progressively along a line" is only half of the definition of indeterminate
- verbs. Can you fill in the blank below?</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>An indeterminate verb may describe:</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>motion non-progressively along a line</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>_____________________________________</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: motion having no relation to the line (or any
- words to that effect).</p><p>Indeterminate verbs may also express motion without any reference to a line. This is
- simply naming the action, a general description of the motion.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Люди ходят.</em></span></td><td>People walk.</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Рыбы плавают.</em></span></td><td>Fish swim</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Птицы летают.</em></span></td><td>Birds fly.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Translate the following sentence into Russian.</strong></span></p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>I love to walk. ___________________</p></li></ul></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я люблю
- ходить.</em></span> "I love to walk."</p><p>Since the motion is simply described with no relation to a line, the indeterminate verb of
- motion <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходить</em></span> is required. Let us do one
- more.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Translate this sentence into Russian.</strong></span></p><p>Our baby can walk. ________________________________.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>NOTE</strong></span>: The English modal verb "can" is not
- translated.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Наш ребёнок
- ходит.</em></span> "Our baby can walk."</p><p>Write a definition of an indeterminate verb.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>An indeterminate verb expresses:</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>____________________</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>____________________</p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: An indeterminate verb expresses: (1) motion
- non-progressively along a line, and (2) motion having no relation to a line.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Now write a definition of a determinate verb.</strong></span></p><p>A determinate verb expresses ____________________.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>: A determinate verb expresses a simple progressive
- motion along a line at a given moment in time.</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Circle the correct form:</strong></span></p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы часто (ходим/идём) в
- театр.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я встретил его на улице; он (ходил/шёл) в
- банк.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы (ходим/идём) в гости</em></span> (as guests
- )<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"> сегодня вечером.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он начал полнеть</em></span> (to gain weight
- )<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">, потому что он мало
- (ходит/идёт).</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она (ходит/идёт) в библиотеку почти каждый
- день.</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Answer</strong></span>:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходим</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">шёл</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">идём</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходит</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ходит</em></span></p></li></ol></div><p>We have now covered the basic uses of the determinate and indeterminate forms of the
- imperfective verbs of motion. In the next sections we shall apply these principles to some
- other verbs of motion.</p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch03.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch05.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 3. The determinate </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 5. Some other verbs</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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